diff --git a/compiler/ccgexprs.nim b/compiler/ccgexprs.nim index ff262f1a60..b4beb5a7e9 100644 --- a/compiler/ccgexprs.nim +++ b/compiler/ccgexprs.nim @@ -1604,15 +1604,15 @@ proc genMagicExpr(p: BProc, e: PNode, d: var TLoc, op: TMagic) = of mGetTypeInfo: genGetTypeInfo(p, e, d) of mSwap: genSwap(p, e, d) of mUnaryLt: - if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: unaryExpr(p, e, d, "$1 - 1") + if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: unaryExpr(p, e, d, "($1 - 1)") else: unaryExpr(p, e, d, "#subInt($1, 1)") of mPred: # XXX: range checking? - if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "$1 - $2") + if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "($1 - $2)") else: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "#subInt($1, $2)") of mSucc: # XXX: range checking? - if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "$1 + $2") + if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "($1 + $2)") else: binaryExpr(p, e, d, "#addInt($1, $2)") of mInc: if optOverflowCheck notin p.options: diff --git a/compiler/commands.nim b/compiler/commands.nim index 38c8dd2949..7219c168ad 100644 --- a/compiler/commands.nim +++ b/compiler/commands.nim @@ -291,8 +291,12 @@ proc processSwitch(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo) = of "excludepath": expectArg(switch, arg, pass, info) let path = processPath(arg) - lists.excludeStr(options.searchPaths, path) - lists.excludeStr(options.lazyPaths, path) + lists.excludePath(options.searchPaths, path) + lists.excludePath(options.lazyPaths, path) + if (len(path) > 0) and (path[len(path) - 1] == DirSep): + let strippedPath = path[0 .. (len(path) - 2)] + lists.excludePath(options.searchPaths, strippedPath) + lists.excludePath(options.lazyPaths, strippedPath) of "nimcache": expectArg(switch, arg, pass, info) options.nimcacheDir = processPath(arg) diff --git a/compiler/jsgen.nim b/compiler/jsgen.nim index 6687e2e8ec..96d8b3d111 100644 --- a/compiler/jsgen.nim +++ b/compiler/jsgen.nim @@ -1321,7 +1321,7 @@ proc genMagic(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) = of mLengthSeq, mLengthOpenArray, mLengthArray: unaryExpr(p, n, r, "", "$1.length") of mHigh: - if skipTypes(n.sons[0].typ, abstractVar).kind == tyString: + if skipTypes(n.sons[1].typ, abstractVar).kind == tyString: unaryExpr(p, n, r, "", "($1.length-2)") else: unaryExpr(p, n, r, "", "($1.length-1)") @@ -1532,6 +1532,7 @@ proc gen(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) = genSym(p, n, r) of nkCharLit..nkInt64Lit: r.res = toRope(n.intVal) + r.kind = resExpr of nkNilLit: if isEmptyType(n.typ): discard @@ -1539,8 +1540,10 @@ proc gen(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) = r.typ = etyBaseIndex r.address = toRope"null" | toRope"nil" r.res = toRope"0" + r.kind = resExpr else: r.res = toRope"null" | toRope"nil" + r.kind = resExpr of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit: if skipTypes(n.typ, abstractVarRange).kind == tyString: useMagic(p, "cstrToNimstr") @@ -1556,6 +1559,7 @@ proc gen(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) = if f > 0.0: r.res = toRope"Infinity" else: r.res = toRope"-Infinity" else: r.res = toRope(f.toStrMaxPrecision) + r.kind = resExpr of nkCallKinds: if (n.sons[0].kind == nkSym) and (n.sons[0].sym.magic != mNone): genMagic(p, n, r) diff --git a/compiler/lists.nim b/compiler/lists.nim index dd4f5d6be5..efffe60fe3 100644 --- a/compiler/lists.nim +++ b/compiler/lists.nim @@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ # # This module implements a generic doubled linked list. - +# TODO Remove this and replace it with something sensible +import os type PListEntry* = ref TListEntry TListEntry* = object of TObject @@ -103,11 +104,12 @@ proc bringToFront*(list: var TLinkedList, entry: PListEntry) = entry.next = list.head list.head = entry -proc excludeStr*(list: var TLinkedList, data: string) = +proc excludePath*(list: var TLinkedList, data: string) = var it = list.head while it != nil: let nxt = it.next - if PStrEntry(it).data == data: remove(list, it) + if cmpPaths(PStrEntry(it).data, data) == 0: + remove(list, it) it = nxt proc find*(list: TLinkedList, fn: TCompareProc, closure: pointer): PListEntry = diff --git a/compiler/nimrod.nim b/compiler/nimrod.nim index efe3d83bfe..ea7621b095 100644 --- a/compiler/nimrod.nim +++ b/compiler/nimrod.nim @@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ proc handleCmdLine() = if msgs.gErrorCounter == 0: when hasTinyCBackend: if gCmd == cmdRun: - tccgen.run() + tccgen.run(service.arguments) if optRun in gGlobalOptions: if gCmd == cmdCompileToJS: var ex: string diff --git a/compiler/service.nim b/compiler/service.nim index 2b861e1c76..22f5c6e333 100644 --- a/compiler/service.nim +++ b/compiler/service.nim @@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ proc processCmdLine*(pass: TCmdLinePass, cmd: string) = inc argsCount if pass == passCmd2: - if optRun notin gGlobalOptions and arguments != "": + if optRun notin gGlobalOptions and arguments != "" and options.command.normalize != "run": rawMessage(errArgsNeedRunOption, []) proc serve*(action: proc (){.nimcall.}) = diff --git a/compiler/tccgen.nim b/compiler/tccgen.nim index 9ed6db8a18..a571d416ef 100644 --- a/compiler/tccgen.nim +++ b/compiler/tccgen.nim @@ -68,11 +68,9 @@ proc compileCCode*(ccode: string) = setupEnvironment() discard compileString(gTinyC, ccode) -proc run*() = - var a: array[0..1, cstring] - a[0] = "" - a[1] = "" - var err = tinyc.run(gTinyC, 0'i32, cast[cstringArray](addr(a))) != 0'i32 +proc run*(args: string) = + var s = @[cstring(gProjectName)] & map(split(args), proc(x: string): cstring = cstring(x)) + var err = tinyc.run(gTinyC, cint(len(s)), cast[cstringArray](addr(s[0]))) != 0'i32 closeCCState(gTinyC) if err: rawMessage(errExecutionOfProgramFailed, "") diff --git a/doc/advopt.txt b/doc/advopt.txt index 08465e4572..7a11e90419 100644 --- a/doc/advopt.txt +++ b/doc/advopt.txt @@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ Advanced commands: module dependency graph //dump dump all defined conditionals and search paths //check checks the project for syntax and semantic + //pretty homogenizes source code style //idetools compiler support for IDEs: possible options: --track:FILE,LINE,COL track a file/cursor position --trackDirty:DIRTY_FILE,ORIG_FILE,LINE,COL diff --git a/doc/lib.txt b/doc/lib.txt index 2da753007b..5bacfcc4f9 100644 --- a/doc/lib.txt +++ b/doc/lib.txt @@ -594,7 +594,8 @@ compiler. .. raw:: html -
+
If you are reading this you are missing + babelpkglist.js or have javascript disabled in your browser.
Unofficial packages ------------------- @@ -605,7 +606,8 @@ Nimrod programming language. .. raw:: html -
+
If you are reading this you are missing + babelpkglist.js or have javascript disabled in your browser.
diff --git a/doc/manual.txt b/doc/manual.txt index dc418a573d..6d49bcd32d 100644 --- a/doc/manual.txt +++ b/doc/manual.txt @@ -1221,38 +1221,8 @@ branch switch ``system.reset`` has to be used. Set type -------- -The set type models the mathematical notion of a set. The set's -basetype can only be an ordinal type. The reason is that sets are implemented -as high performance bit vectors. - -Sets can be constructed via the set constructor: ``{}`` is the empty set. The -empty set is type compatible with any special set type. The constructor -can also be used to include elements (and ranges of elements) in the set: - -.. code-block:: nimrod - - {'a'..'z', '0'..'9'} # This constructs a set that contains the - # letters from 'a' to 'z' and the digits - # from '0' to '9' - -These operations are supported by sets: - -================== ======================================================== -operation meaning -================== ======================================================== -``A + B`` union of two sets -``A * B`` intersection of two sets -``A - B`` difference of two sets (A without B's elements) -``A == B`` set equality -``A <= B`` subset relation (A is subset of B or equal to B) -``A < B`` strong subset relation (A is a real subset of B) -``e in A`` set membership (A contains element e) -``A -+- B`` symmetric set difference (= (A - B) + (B - A)) -``card(A)`` the cardinality of A (number of elements in A) -``incl(A, elem)`` same as A = A + {elem} -``excl(A, elem)`` same as A = A - {elem} -================== ======================================================== +.. include:: sets_fragment.txt Reference and pointer types --------------------------- diff --git a/doc/nimrodc.txt b/doc/nimrodc.txt index 428c42f39d..90fad7f9c8 100644 --- a/doc/nimrodc.txt +++ b/doc/nimrodc.txt @@ -540,6 +540,58 @@ in C/C++). **Note**: This pragma will not exist for the LLVM backend. +Source code style +================= + +Nimrod allows you to `mix freely case and underscores as identifier separators +`_, so variables named ``MyPrecioussInt`` and +``my_preciouss_int`` are equivalent: + +.. code-block:: Nimrod + var MyPrecioussInt = 3 + # Following line compiles fine! + echo my_preciouss_int + +Since this can lead to many variants of the same source code (you can use +`nimgrep `_ instead of your typical ``grep`` to ignore style +problems) the compiler provides the command ``pretty`` to help unifying the +style of source code. Running ``nimrod pretty ugly_test.nim`` with this +example will generate a secondary file named ``ugly_test.pretty.nim`` with the +following content: + +.. code-block:: Nimrod + var MyPrecioussInt = 3 + # Following line compiles fine! + echo MyPrecioussInt + +During execution the ``pretty`` command will also run on Nimrod's standard +library, since it doesn't differentiate the standard library as something +special, and hence will warn of many *errors* which are out of your hand to +fix, creating respective ``.pretty.nim`` files all the way. You can ignore +these errors if they don't belong to your source and simply compare your +original version to the new pretty one. In fact, running ``pretty`` on our test +file will show the following:: + + Hint: ugly_test [Processing] + ugly_test.nim(1, 4) Error: name should be: myPrecioussInt + ugly_test.nim(1, 4) Error: name should be: myPrecioussInt + +At the moment ``pretty`` will homogenize the style of symbols but will leave +important changes for you to review. In this case the command is warning that a +variable name should not start with a capital letter, which is usually reserved +to `object types `_. To learn about the accepted `camel case +style `_ read `Coding Guidelines in +the Internals of Nimrod Compiler `_ or `Coding +Guidelines `_ and `NEP 1 +: Style Guide for Nimrod Code +`_ +from the Nimrod `GitHub wiki`_. + +This command is safe to run because it will never attempt to overwrite your +existing sources, but the respective ``.pretty.nim`` files **will** be +overwritten without notice. + + DynlibOverride ============== diff --git a/doc/sets_fragment.txt b/doc/sets_fragment.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..fba3552690 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/sets_fragment.txt @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +The set type models the mathematical notion of a set. The set's +basetype can only be an ordinal type. The reason is that sets are implemented +as high performance bit vectors. + +Sets can be constructed via the set constructor: ``{}`` is the empty set. The +empty set is type compatible with any concrete set type. The constructor +can also be used to include elements (and ranges of elements): + +.. code-block:: nimrod + type + TCharSet = set[char] + var + x: TCharSet + x = {'a'..'z', '0'..'9'} # This constructs a set that contains the + # letters from 'a' to 'z' and the digits + # from '0' to '9' + +These operations are supported by sets: + +================== ======================================================== +operation meaning +================== ======================================================== +``A + B`` union of two sets +``A * B`` intersection of two sets +``A - B`` difference of two sets (A without B's elements) +``A == B`` set equality +``A <= B`` subset relation (A is subset of B or equal to B) +``A < B`` strong subset relation (A is a real subset of B) +``e in A`` set membership (A contains element e) +``e notin A`` A does not contain element e +``contains(A, e)`` A contains element e +``A -+- B`` symmetric set difference (= (A - B) + (B - A)) +``card(A)`` the cardinality of A (number of elements in A) +``incl(A, elem)`` same as ``A = A + {elem}`` +``excl(A, elem)`` same as ``A = A - {elem}`` +================== ======================================================== + +Sets are often used to define a type for the *flags* of a procedure. This is +a much cleaner (and type safe) solution than just defining integer +constants that should be ``or``'ed together. diff --git a/doc/tut1.txt b/doc/tut1.txt index a2aa835ee5..55eb0ebd74 100644 --- a/doc/tut1.txt +++ b/doc/tut1.txt @@ -1117,47 +1117,8 @@ avoid this common programming error. Sets ---- -The set type models the mathematical notion of a set. The set's -basetype can only be an ordinal type. The reason is that sets are implemented -as high performance bit vectors. - -Sets can be constructed via the set constructor: ``{}`` is the empty set. The -empty set is type compatible with any concrete set type. The constructor -can also be used to include elements (and ranges of elements): - -.. code-block:: nimrod - type - TCharSet = set[char] - var - x: TCharSet - x = {'a'..'z', '0'..'9'} # This constructs a set that contains the - # letters from 'a' to 'z' and the digits - # from '0' to '9' - -These operations are supported by sets: - -================== ======================================================== -operation meaning -================== ======================================================== -``A + B`` union of two sets -``A * B`` intersection of two sets -``A - B`` difference of two sets (A without B's elements) -``A == B`` set equality -``A <= B`` subset relation (A is subset of B or equal to B) -``A < B`` strong subset relation (A is a real subset of B) -``e in A`` set membership (A contains element e) -``e notin A`` A does not contain element e -``contains(A, e)`` A contains element e -``A -+- B`` symmetric set difference (= (A - B) + (B - A)) -``card(A)`` the cardinality of A (number of elements in A) -``incl(A, elem)`` same as ``A = A + {elem}`` -``excl(A, elem)`` same as ``A = A - {elem}`` -================== ======================================================== - -Sets are often used to define a type for the *flags* of a procedure. This is -a much cleaner (and type safe) solution than just defining integer -constants that should be ``or``'ed together. +.. include:: sets_fragment.txt Arrays ------ diff --git a/lib/core/typeinfo.nim b/lib/core/typeinfo.nim index edb4d11885..57e11664b5 100644 --- a/lib/core/typeinfo.nim +++ b/lib/core/typeinfo.nim @@ -420,6 +420,59 @@ proc setBiggestInt*(x: TAny, y: biggestInt) = of tyUInt32: cast[ptr uint32](x.value)[] = uint32(y) else: assert false +proc getUInt*(x: TAny): uint = + ## retrieve the uint value out of `x`, `x` needs to represent an uint. + assert skipRange(x.rawtype).kind == tyUInt + result = cast[ptr uint](x.value)[] + +proc getUInt8*(x: TAny): uint8 = + ## retrieve the uint8 value out of `x`, `x` needs to represent an + ## uint8. + assert skipRange(x.rawtype).kind == tyUInt8 + result = cast[ptr uint8](x.value)[] + +proc getUInt16*(x: TAny): uint16 = + ## retrieve the uint16 value out of `x`, `x` needs to represent an + ## uint16. + assert skipRange(x.rawtype).kind == tyUInt16 + result = cast[ptr uint16](x.value)[] + +proc getUInt32*(x: TAny): uint32 = + ## retrieve the uint32 value out of `x`, `x` needs to represent an + ## uint32. + assert skipRange(x.rawtype).kind == tyUInt32 + result = cast[ptr uint32](x.value)[] + +proc getUInt64*(x: TAny): uint64 = + ## retrieve the uint64 value out of `x`, `x` needs to represent an + ## uint64. + assert skipRange(x.rawtype).kind == tyUInt64 + result = cast[ptr uint64](x.value)[] + +proc getBiggestUint*(x: TAny): uint64 = + ## retrieve the unsigned integer value out of `x`. `x` needs to + ## represent an unsigned integer. + var t = skipRange(x.rawtype) + case t.kind + of tyUInt: result = uint64(cast[ptr uint](x.value)[]) + of tyUInt8: result = uint64(cast[ptr uint8](x.value)[]) + of tyUInt16: result = uint64(cast[ptr uint16](x.value)[]) + of tyUInt32: result = uint64(cast[ptr uint32](x.value)[]) + of tyUInt64: result = uint64(cast[ptr uint64](x.value)[]) + else: assert false + +proc setBiggestUint*(x: TAny; y: uint64) = + ## sets the unsigned integer value of `c`. `c` needs to represent an + ## unsigned integer. + var t = skipRange(x.rawtype) + case t.kind: + of tyUInt: cast[ptr uint](x.value)[] = uint(y) + of tyUInt8: cast[ptr uint8](x.value)[] = uint8(y) + of tyUInt16: cast[ptr uint16](x.value)[] = uint16(y) + of tyUInt32: cast[ptr uint32](x.value)[] = uint32(y) + of tyUInt64: cast[ptr uint64](x.value)[] = uint64(y) + else: assert false + proc getChar*(x: TAny): char = ## retrieve the char value out of `x`. `x` needs to represent a char. var t = skipRange(x.rawtype) diff --git a/lib/packages/docutils/rstgen.nim b/lib/packages/docutils/rstgen.nim index fdbca4ca84..e9bae69b55 100644 --- a/lib/packages/docutils/rstgen.nim +++ b/lib/packages/docutils/rstgen.nim @@ -775,7 +775,7 @@ proc renderCodeBlock(d: PDoc, n: PRstNode, result: var string) = dispA(d.target, result, "
", "\\begin{rstpre}\n", [])
   if lang == langNone:
     d.msgHandler(d.filename, 1, 0, mwUnsupportedLanguage, langstr)
-    result.add(m.text)
+    for letter in m.text: escChar(d.target, result, letter)
   else:
     var g: TGeneralTokenizer
     initGeneralTokenizer(g, m.text)
diff --git a/lib/posix/posix.nim b/lib/posix/posix.nim
index 8e66336c2e..a5ee05abbd 100644
--- a/lib/posix/posix.nim
+++ b/lib/posix/posix.nim
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ type
     d_ino*: Tino  ## File serial number.
     d_name*: array [0..255, char] ## Name of entry.
 
-  Tflock* {.importc: "flock", final, pure,
+  Tflock* {.importc: "struct flock", final, pure,
             header: "".} = object ## flock type
     l_type*: cshort   ## Type of lock; F_RDLCK, F_WRLCK, F_UNLCK.
     l_whence*: cshort ## Flag for starting offset.
diff --git a/lib/pure/base64.nim b/lib/pure/base64.nim
index 4e59a6ca63..7b3b0e6f5a 100644
--- a/lib/pure/base64.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/base64.nim
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ template encodeInternal(s: expr, lineLen: int, newLine: string): stmt {.immediat
     if r+4 != result.len:
       setLen(result, r+4)
   else:
-    assert(r == result.len)
+    #assert(r == result.len)
 
 proc encode*[T:TInteger|char](s: openarray[T], lineLen = 75, newLine="\13\10"): string = 
   ## encodes `s` into base64 representation. After `lineLen` characters, a 
diff --git a/lib/pure/collections/sets.nim b/lib/pure/collections/sets.nim
index f1eed00042..42cdc682fb 100644
--- a/lib/pure/collections/sets.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/collections/sets.nim
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 
 ## The ``sets`` module implements an efficient hash set and ordered hash set.
 ##
+## Hash sets are different from the `built in set type
+## `_. Sets allow you to store any value that can be
+## `hashed `_ and they don't contain duplicate entries.
+##
 ## **Note**: The data types declared here have *value semantics*: This means
 ## that ``=`` performs a copy of the set.
 
@@ -23,20 +27,69 @@ type
   TSlotEnum = enum seEmpty, seFilled, seDeleted
   TKeyValuePair[A] = tuple[slot: TSlotEnum, key: A]
   TKeyValuePairSeq[A] = seq[TKeyValuePair[A]]
-  TSet* {.final, myShallow.}[A] = object ## a generic hash set
+  TSet* {.final, myShallow.}[A] = object ## \
+    ## A generic hash set.
+    ##
+    ## Use `init() <#init,TSet[A],int>`_ or `initSet[type]() <#initSet>`_
+    ## before calling other procs on it.
     data: TKeyValuePairSeq[A]
     counter: int
 
+proc isValid*[A](s: TSet[A]): bool =
+  ## Returns `true` if the set has been initialized with `initSet <#initSet>`_.
+  ##
+  ## Most operations over an uninitialized set will crash at runtime and
+  ## `assert `_ in debug builds. You can use this proc in
+  ## your own procs to verify that sets passed to your procs are correctly
+  ## initialized. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block :: nimrod
+  ##   proc savePreferences(options: TSet[string]) =
+  ##     assert options.isValid, "Pass an initialized set!"
+  ##     # Do stuff here, may crash in release builds!
+  result = not s.data.isNil
+
 proc len*[A](s: TSet[A]): int =
-  ## returns the number of keys in `s`.
+  ## Returns the number of keys in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Due to an implementation detail you can call this proc on variables which
+  ## have not been initialized yet. The proc will return zero as the length
+  ## then. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##
+  ##   var values: TSet[int]
+  ##   assert(not values.isValid)
+  ##   assert values.len == 0
   result = s.counter
 
 proc card*[A](s: TSet[A]): int =
-  ## alias for `len`.
+  ## Alias for `len() <#len,TSet[A]>`_.
+  ##
+  ## Card stands for the `cardinality
+  ## `_ of a set.
   result = s.counter
 
 iterator items*[A](s: TSet[A]): A =
-  ## iterates over any key in the table `t`.
+  ## Iterates over keys in the set `s`.
+  ##
+  ## If you need a sequence with the keys you can use `sequtils.toSeq()
+  ## `_ on the iterator. Usage example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   type
+  ##     pair = tuple[a, b: int]
+  ##   var
+  ##     a, b = initSet[pair]()
+  ##   a.incl((2, 3))
+  ##   a.incl((3, 2))
+  ##   a.incl((2, 3))
+  ##   for x, y in a.items:
+  ##     b.incl((x - 2, y + 1))
+  ##   assert a.len == 2
+  ##   echo b
+  ##   # --> {(a: 1, b: 3), (a: 0, b: 4)}
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   for h in 0..high(s.data):
     if s.data[h].slot == seFilled: yield s.data[h].key
 
@@ -73,12 +126,24 @@ proc mget*[A](s: var TSet[A], key: A): var A =
   ## value as 'key' or raises the ``EInvalidKey`` exception. This is useful
   ## when one overloaded 'hash' and '==' but still needs reference semantics
   ## for sharing.
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   var index = rawGet(s, key)
   if index >= 0: result = t.data[index].key
   else: raise newException(EInvalidKey, "key not found: " & $key)
 
 proc contains*[A](s: TSet[A], key: A): bool =
-  ## returns true iff `key` is in `s`.
+  ## Returns true iff `key` is in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initSet[int]()
+  ##   assert(not values.contains(2))
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   assert values.contains(2)
+  ##   values.excl(2)
+  ##   assert(not values.contains(2))
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   var index = rawGet(s, key)
   result = index >= 0
 
@@ -109,38 +174,124 @@ template containsOrInclImpl() {.dirty.} =
     inc(s.counter)
 
 proc incl*[A](s: var TSet[A], key: A) =
-  ## includes an element `key` in `s`.
+  ## Includes an element `key` in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## This doesn't do anything if `key` is already in `s`. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initSet[int]()
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   assert values.len == 1
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   inclImpl()
 
 proc incl*[A](s: var TSet[A], other: TSet[A]) =
-  ## includes everything in `other` in `s`
+  ## Includes all elements from `other` into `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initSet[int]()
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   var others = toSet([6, 7])
+  ##   values.incl(others)
+  ##   assert values.len == 3
+  assert s.isValid, "The set `s` needs to be initialized."
+  assert other.isValid, "The set `other` needs to be initialized."
   for item in other: incl(s, item)
 
 proc excl*[A](s: var TSet[A], key: A) =
-  ## excludes `key` from the set `s`.
+  ## Excludes `key` from the set `s`.
+  ##
+  ## This doesn't do anything if `key` is not found in `s`. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var s = toSet([2, 3, 6, 7])
+  ##   s.excl(2)
+  ##   s.excl(2)
+  ##   assert s.len == 3
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   var index = rawGet(s, key)
   if index >= 0:
     s.data[index].slot = seDeleted
     dec(s.counter)
 
 proc excl*[A](s: var TSet[A], other: TSet[A]) =
-  ## excludes everything in `other` from `s`.
+  ## Excludes everything in `other` from `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     numbers = toSet([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+  ##     even = toSet([2, 4, 6, 8])
+  ##   numbers.excl(even)
+  ##   echo numbers
+  ##   # --> {1, 3, 5}
+  assert s.isValid, "The set `s` needs to be initialized."
+  assert other.isValid, "The set `other` needs to be initialized."
   for item in other: excl(s, item)
 
 proc containsOrIncl*[A](s: var TSet[A], key: A): bool =
-  ## returns true if `s` contains `key`, otherwise `key` is included in `s`
-  ## and false is returned.
+  ## Includes `key` in the set `s` and tells if `key` was added to `s`.
+  ##
+  ## The difference with regards to the `incl() <#incl,TSet[A],A>`_ proc is
+  ## that this proc returns `true` if `key` was already present in `s`. The
+  ## proc will return false if `key` was added as a new value to `s` during
+  ## this call. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initSet[int]()
+  ##   assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == false
+  ##   assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == true
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   containsOrInclImpl()
 
-proc initSet*[A](initialSize=64): TSet[A] =
-  ## creates a new hash set that is empty. `initialSize` needs to be
-  ## a power of two.
+proc init*[A](s: var TSet[A], initialSize=64) =
+  ## Initializes a hash set.
+  ##
+  ## The `initialSize` parameter needs to be a power of too. You can use
+  ## `math.nextPowerOfTwo() `_ to guarantee that at
+  ## runtime. All set variables have to be initialized before you can use them
+  ## with other procs from this module with the exception of `isValid()
+  ## <#isValid,TSet[A]>`_ and `len() <#len,TSet[A]>`_.
+  ##
+  ## You can call this proc on a previously initialized hash set, which will
+  ## discard all its values. This might be more convenient than iterating over
+  ## existing values and calling `excl() <#excl,TSet[A],A>`_ on them. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block ::
+  ##   var a: TSet[int]
+  ##   a.init(4)
+  ##   a.incl(2)
+  ##   a.init
+  ##   assert a.len == 0 and a.isValid
   assert isPowerOfTwo(initialSize)
-  result.counter = 0
-  newSeq(result.data, initialSize)
+  s.counter = 0
+  newSeq(s.data, initialSize)
+
+proc initSet*[A](initialSize=64): TSet[A] =
+  ## Wrapper around `init() <#init,TSet[A],int>`_ for initialization of hash
+  ## sets.
+  ##
+  ## Returns an empty hash set you can assign directly in ``var`` blocks in a
+  ## single line. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block ::
+  ##   var a = initSet[int](4)
+  ##   a.incl(2)
+  result.init(initialSize)
 
 proc toSet*[A](keys: openArray[A]): TSet[A] =
-  ## creates a new hash set that contains the given `keys`.
+  ## Creates a new hash set that contains the given `keys`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var numbers = toSet([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+  ##   assert numbers.contains(2)
+  ##   assert numbers.contains(4)
   result = initSet[A](nextPowerOfTwo(keys.len+10))
   for key in items(keys): result.incl(key)
 
@@ -152,57 +303,190 @@ template dollarImpl(): stmt {.dirty.} =
   result.add("}")
 
 proc `$`*[A](s: TSet[A]): string =
-  ## The `$` operator for hash sets.
+  ## Converts the set `s` to a string, mostly for logging purposes.
+  ##
+  ## Don't use this proc for serialization, the representation may change at
+  ## any moment and values are not escaped. Example:
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   echo toSet([2, 4, 5])
+  ##   # --> {2, 4, 5}
+  ##   echo toSet(["no", "esc'aping", "is \" provided"])
+  ##   # --> {no, esc'aping, is " provided}
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   dollarImpl()
 
 proc union*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] =
-  ## returns a new set of all items that are contained in at
-  ## least one of `s1` and `s2`
+  ## Returns the union of the sets `s1` and `s2`.
+  ##
+  ## The union of two sets is represented mathematically as *A ∪ B* and is the
+  ## set of all objects that are members of `s1`, `s2` or both. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = union(a, b)
+  ##   assert c == toSet(["a", "b", "c"])
+  assert s1.isValid, "The set `s1` needs to be initialized."
+  assert s2.isValid, "The set `s2` needs to be initialized."
   result = s1
   incl(result, s2)
 
 proc intersection*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] =
-  ## returns a new set of all items that are contained in both `s1` and `s2`
+  ## Returns the intersection of the sets `s1` and `s2`.
+  ##
+  ## The intersection of two sets is represented mathematically as *A ∩ B* and
+  ## is the set of all objects that are members of `s1` and `s2` at the same
+  ## time. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = intersection(a, b)
+  ##   assert c == toSet(["b"])
+  assert s1.isValid, "The set `s1` needs to be initialized."
+  assert s2.isValid, "The set `s2` needs to be initialized."
   result = initSet[A](min(s1.data.len, s2.data.len))
   for item in s1:
     if item in s2: incl(result, item)
 
 proc difference*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] =
-  ## returns a new set of all items that are contained in `s1`, but not in `s2`
+  ## Returns the difference of the sets `s1` and `s2`.
+  ##
+  ## The difference of two sets is represented mathematically as *A \ B* and is
+  ## the set of all objects that are members of `s1` and not members of `s2`.
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = difference(a, b)
+  ##   assert c == toSet(["a"])
+  assert s1.isValid, "The set `s1` needs to be initialized."
+  assert s2.isValid, "The set `s2` needs to be initialized."
   result = initSet[A]()
   for item in s1:
     if not contains(s2, item):
       incl(result, item)
 
 proc symmetricDifference*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] =
-  ## returns a new set of all items that are contained in either
-  ## `s1` or `s2`, but not both
+  ## Returns the symmetric difference of the sets `s1` and `s2`.
+  ##
+  ## The symmetric difference of two sets is represented mathematically as *A △
+  ## B* or *A ⊖ B* and is the set of all objects that are members of `s1` or
+  ## `s2` but not both at the same time. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = symmetricDifference(a, b)
+  ##   assert c == toSet(["a", "c"])
+  assert s1.isValid, "The set `s1` needs to be initialized."
+  assert s2.isValid, "The set `s2` needs to be initialized."
   result = s1
   for item in s2:
     if containsOrIncl(result, item): excl(result, item)
 
 proc `+`*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] {.inline.} =
-  ## alias for `union`
+  ## Alias for `union(s1, s2) <#union>`_.
   result = union(s1, s2)
 
 proc `*`*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] {.inline.} =
-  ## alias for `intersection`
+  ## Alias for `intersection(s1, s2) <#intersection>`_.
   result = intersection(s1, s2)
 
 proc `-`*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] {.inline.} =
-  ## alias for `difference`
+  ## Alias for `difference(s1, s2) <#difference>`_.
   result = difference(s1, s2)
 
 proc `-+-`*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): TSet[A] {.inline.} =
-  ## alias for `symmetricDifference`
+  ## Alias for `symmetricDifference(s1, s2) <#symmetricDifference>`_.
   result = symmetricDifference(s1, s2)
 
 proc disjoint*[A](s1, s2: TSet[A]): bool =
-  ## returns true iff `s1` and `s2` have no items in common
+  ## Returns true iff the sets `s1` and `s2` have no items in common.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##   assert disjoint(a, b) == false
+  ##   assert disjoint(a, b - a) == true
+  assert s1.isValid, "The set `s1` needs to be initialized."
+  assert s2.isValid, "The set `s2` needs to be initialized."
   for item in s1:
     if item in s2: return false
   return true
 
+proc `<`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
+  ## Returns true if `s` is a strict or proper subset of `t`.
+  ##
+  ## A strict or proper subset `s` has all of its members in `t` but `t` has
+  ## more elements than `s`. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = intersection(a, b)
+  ##   assert c < a and c < b
+  ##   assert((a < a) == false)
+  s.counter != t.counter and s <= t
+
+proc `<=`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
+  ## Returns true if `s` is subset of `t`.
+  ##
+  ## A subset `s` has all of its members in `t` and `t` doesn't necessarily
+  ## have more members than `s`. That is, `s` can be equal to `t`. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+  ##     b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+  ##     c = intersection(a, b)
+  ##   assert c <= a and c <= b
+  ##   assert((a <= a))
+  result = false
+  if s.counter > t.counter: return
+  result = true
+  for item in s:
+    if not(t.contains(item)):
+      result = false
+      return
+
+proc `==`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
+  ## Returns true if both `s` and `t` have the same members and set size.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var
+  ##     a = toSet([1, 2])
+  ##     b = toSet([1])
+  ##   b.incl(2)
+  ##   assert a == b
+  s.counter == t.counter and s <= t
+
+proc map*[A, B](data: TSet[A], op: proc (x: A): B {.closure.}): TSet[B] =
+  ## Returns a new set after applying `op` on each of the elements of `data`.
+  ##
+  ## You can use this proc to transform the elements from a set. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var a = toSet([1, 2, 3])
+  ##   var b = a.map(proc (x: int): string = $x)
+  ##   assert b == toSet(["1", "2", "3"])
+  result = initSet[B]()
+  for item in data: result.incl(op(item))
+
 # ------------------------------ ordered set ------------------------------
 
 type
@@ -210,16 +494,48 @@ type
     slot: TSlotEnum, next: int, key: A]
   TOrderedKeyValuePairSeq[A] = seq[TOrderedKeyValuePair[A]]
   TOrderedSet* {.
-      final, myShallow.}[A] = object ## set that remembers insertion order
+      final, myShallow.}[A] = object ## \
+    ## A generic hash set that remembers insertion order.
+    ##
+    ## Use `init() <#init,TOrderedSet[A],int>`_ or `initOrderedSet[type]()
+    ## <#initOrderedSet>`_ before calling other procs on it.
     data: TOrderedKeyValuePairSeq[A]
     counter, first, last: int
 
+proc isValid*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A]): bool =
+  ## Returns `true` if the ordered set has been initialized with `initSet
+  ## <#initOrderedSet>`_.
+  ##
+  ## Most operations over an uninitialized ordered set will crash at runtime
+  ## and `assert `_ in debug builds. You can use this proc
+  ## in your own procs to verify that ordered sets passed to your procs are
+  ## correctly initialized. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block :: nimrod
+  ##   proc saveTarotCards(cards: TOrderedSet[int]) =
+  ##     assert cards.isValid, "Pass an initialized set!"
+  ##     # Do stuff here, may crash in release builds!
+  result = not s.data.isNil
+
 proc len*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A]): int {.inline.} =
-  ## returns the number of keys in `s`.
+  ## Returns the number of keys in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Due to an implementation detail you can call this proc on variables which
+  ## have not been initialized yet. The proc will return zero as the length
+  ## then. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##
+  ##   var values: TOrderedSet[int]
+  ##   assert(not values.isValid)
+  ##   assert values.len == 0
   result = s.counter
 
 proc card*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A]): int {.inline.} =
-  ## alias for `len`.
+  ## Alias for `len() <#len,TOrderedSet[A]>`_.
+  ##
+  ## Card stands for the `cardinality
+  ## `_ of a set.
   result = s.counter
 
 template forAllOrderedPairs(yieldStmt: stmt) {.dirty, immediate.} =
@@ -230,7 +546,24 @@ template forAllOrderedPairs(yieldStmt: stmt) {.dirty, immediate.} =
     h = nxt
 
 iterator items*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A]): A =
-  ## iterates over any key in the set `s` in insertion order.
+  ## Iterates over keys in the ordered set `s` in insertion order.
+  ##
+  ## If you need a sequence with the keys you can use `sequtils.toSeq()
+  ## `_ on the iterator. Usage example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var a = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  ##   for value in [9, 2, 1, 5, 1, 8, 4, 2]:
+  ##     a.incl(value)
+  ##   for value in a.items:
+  ##     echo "Got ", value
+  ##   # --> Got 9
+  ##   # --> Got 2
+  ##   # --> Got 1
+  ##   # --> Got 5
+  ##   # --> Got 8
+  ##   # --> Got 4
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   forAllOrderedPairs:
     yield s.data[h].key
 
@@ -238,7 +571,16 @@ proc rawGet[A](s: TOrderedSet[A], key: A): int =
   rawGetImpl()
 
 proc contains*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A], key: A): bool =
-  ## returns true iff `key` is in `s`.
+  ## Returns true iff `key` is in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  ##   assert(not values.contains(2))
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   assert values.contains(2)
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   var index = rawGet(s, key)
   result = index >= 0
 
@@ -264,53 +606,279 @@ proc enlarge[A](s: var TOrderedSet[A]) =
   swap(s.data, n)
 
 proc incl*[A](s: var TOrderedSet[A], key: A) =
-  ## includes an element `key` in `s`.
+  ## Includes an element `key` in `s`.
+  ##
+  ## This doesn't do anything if `key` is already in `s`. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   assert values.len == 1
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   inclImpl()
 
 proc incl*[A](s: var TSet[A], other: TOrderedSet[A]) =
-  ## includes everything in `other` in `s`
+  ## Includes all elements from `other` into `s`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  ##   values.incl(2)
+  ##   var others = toOrderedSet([6, 7])
+  ##   values.incl(others)
+  ##   assert values.len == 3
+  assert s.isValid, "The set `s` needs to be initialized."
+  assert other.isValid, "The set `other` needs to be initialized."
   for item in other: incl(s, item)
 
 proc containsOrIncl*[A](s: var TOrderedSet[A], key: A): bool =
-  ## returns true if `s` contains `key`, otherwise `key` is included in `s`
-  ## and false is returned.
+  ## Includes `key` in the set `s` and tells if `key` was added to `s`.
+  ##
+  ## The difference with regards to the `incl() <#incl,TOrderedSet[A],A>`_ proc
+  ## is that this proc returns `true` if `key` was already present in `s`. The
+  ## proc will return false if `key` was added as a new value to `s` during
+  ## this call. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var values = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  ##   assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == false
+  ##   assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == true
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   containsOrInclImpl()
 
-proc initOrderedSet*[A](initialSize=64): TOrderedSet[A] =
-  ## creates a new ordered hash set that is empty. `initialSize` needs to be
-  ## a power of two.
+proc init*[A](s: var TOrderedSet[A], initialSize=64) =
+  ## Initializes an ordered hash set.
+  ##
+  ## The `initialSize` parameter needs to be a power of too. You can use
+  ## `math.nextPowerOfTwo() `_ to guarantee that at
+  ## runtime. All set variables have to be initialized before you can use them
+  ## with other procs from this module with the exception of `isValid()
+  ## <#isValid,TOrderedSet[A]>`_ and `len() <#len,TOrderedSet[A]>`_.
+  ##
+  ## You can call this proc on a previously initialized ordered hash set to
+  ## discard its values. At the moment this is the only proc to remove elements
+  ## from an ordered hash set. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block ::
+  ##   var a: TOrderedSet[int]
+  ##   a.init(4)
+  ##   a.incl(2)
+  ##   a.init
+  ##   assert a.len == 0 and a.isValid
   assert isPowerOfTwo(initialSize)
-  result.counter = 0
-  result.first = -1
-  result.last = -1
-  newSeq(result.data, initialSize)
+  s.counter = 0
+  s.first = -1
+  s.last = -1
+  newSeq(s.data, initialSize)
+
+proc initOrderedSet*[A](initialSize=64): TOrderedSet[A] =
+  ## Wrapper around `init() <#init,TOrderedSet[A],int>`_ for initialization of
+  ## ordered hash sets.
+  ##
+  ## Returns an empty ordered hash set you can assign directly in ``var``
+  ## blocks in a single line. Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block ::
+  ##   var a = initOrderedSet[int](4)
+  ##   a.incl(2)
+  result.init(initialSize)
 
 proc toOrderedSet*[A](keys: openArray[A]): TOrderedSet[A] =
-  ## creates a new ordered hash set that contains the given `keys`.
+  ## Creates a new ordered hash set that contains the given `keys`.
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   var numbers = toOrderedSet([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+  ##   assert numbers.contains(2)
+  ##   assert numbers.contains(4)
   result = initOrderedSet[A](nextPowerOfTwo(keys.len+10))
   for key in items(keys): result.incl(key)
 
 proc `$`*[A](s: TOrderedSet[A]): string =
-  ## The `$` operator for ordered hash sets.
+  ## Converts the ordered hash set `s` to a string, mostly for logging purposes.
+  ##
+  ## Don't use this proc for serialization, the representation may change at
+  ## any moment and values are not escaped. Example:
+  ##
+  ## Example:
+  ##
+  ## .. code-block::
+  ##   echo toOrderedSet([2, 4, 5])
+  ##   # --> {2, 4, 5}
+  ##   echo toOrderedSet(["no", "esc'aping", "is \" provided"])
+  ##   # --> {no, esc'aping, is " provided}
+  assert s.isValid, "The set needs to be initialized."
   dollarImpl()
 
-proc `<`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
-  ## Is s a strict subset of t?
-  s.counter != t.counter and s <= t
+proc testModule() =
+  ## Internal micro test to validate docstrings and such.
+  block isValidTest:
+    var options: TSet[string]
+    proc savePreferences(options: TSet[string]) =
+      assert options.isValid, "Pass an initialized set!"
+    options = initSet[string]()
+    options.savePreferences
 
-proc `<=`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
-  ## Is s a subset of t?
-  result = false
-  if s.counter > t.counter: return
-  result = true
-  for item in s:
-    if not(t.contains(item)):
-      result = false
-      return
-      
-proc `==`*[A](s, t: TSet[A]): bool =
-  s.counter == t.counter and s <= t
+  block lenTest:
+    var values: TSet[int]
+    assert(not values.isValid)
+    assert values.len == 0
+    assert values.card == 0
 
-proc map*[A, B](data: TSet[A], op: proc (x: A): B {.closure.}): TSet[B] =
-  result = initSet[B]()
-  for item in data: result.incl(op(item))
+  block setIterator:
+    type pair = tuple[a, b: int]
+    var a, b = initSet[pair]()
+    a.incl((2, 3))
+    a.incl((3, 2))
+    a.incl((2, 3))
+    for x, y in a.items:
+      b.incl((x - 2, y + 1))
+    assert a.len == b.card
+    assert a.len == 2
+    #echo b
+
+  block setContains:
+    var values = initSet[int]()
+    assert(not values.contains(2))
+    values.incl(2)
+    assert values.contains(2)
+    values.excl(2)
+    assert(not values.contains(2))
+
+    values.incl(4)
+    var others = toSet([6, 7])
+    values.incl(others)
+    assert values.len == 3
+
+    values.init
+    assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == false
+    assert values.containsOrIncl(2) == true
+    var
+      a = toSet([1, 2])
+      b = toSet([1])
+    b.incl(2)
+    assert a == b
+
+  block exclusions:
+    var s = toSet([2, 3, 6, 7])
+    s.excl(2)
+    s.excl(2)
+    assert s.len == 3
+
+    var
+      numbers = toSet([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
+      even = toSet([2, 4, 6, 8])
+    numbers.excl(even)
+    #echo numbers
+    # --> {1, 3, 5}
+
+  block toSeqAndString:
+    var a = toSet([2, 4, 5])
+    var b = initSet[int]()
+    for x in [2, 4, 5]: b.incl(x)
+    assert($a == $b)
+    #echo a
+    #echo toSet(["no", "esc'aping", "is \" provided"])
+
+  #block orderedToSeqAndString:
+  #  echo toOrderedSet([2, 4, 5])
+  #  echo toOrderedSet(["no", "esc'aping", "is \" provided"])
+
+  block setOperations:
+    var
+      a = toSet(["a", "b"])
+      b = toSet(["b", "c"])
+      c = union(a, b)
+    assert c == toSet(["a", "b", "c"])
+    var d = intersection(a, b)
+    assert d == toSet(["b"])
+    var e = difference(a, b)
+    assert e == toSet(["a"])
+    var f = symmetricDifference(a, b)
+    assert f == toSet(["a", "c"])
+    assert d < a and d < b
+    assert((a < a) == false)
+    assert d <= a and d <= b
+    assert((a <= a))
+    # Alias test.
+    assert a + b == toSet(["a", "b", "c"])
+    assert a * b == toSet(["b"])
+    assert a - b == toSet(["a"])
+    assert a -+- b == toSet(["a", "c"])
+    assert disjoint(a, b) == false
+    assert disjoint(a, b - a) == true
+
+  block mapSet:
+    var a = toSet([1, 2, 3])
+    var b = a.map(proc (x: int): string = $x)
+    assert b == toSet(["1", "2", "3"])
+
+  block isValidTest:
+    var cards: TOrderedSet[string]
+    proc saveTarotCards(cards: TOrderedSet[string]) =
+      assert cards.isValid, "Pass an initialized set!"
+    cards = initOrderedSet[string]()
+    cards.saveTarotCards
+
+  block lenTest:
+    var values: TOrderedSet[int]
+    assert(not values.isValid)
+    assert values.len == 0
+    assert values.card == 0
+
+  block setIterator:
+    type pair = tuple[a, b: int]
+    var a, b = initOrderedSet[pair]()
+    a.incl((2, 3))
+    a.incl((3, 2))
+    a.incl((2, 3))
+    for x, y in a.items:
+      b.incl((x - 2, y + 1))
+    assert a.len == b.card
+    assert a.len == 2
+
+  #block orderedSetIterator:
+  #  var a = initOrderedSet[int]()
+  #  for value in [9, 2, 1, 5, 1, 8, 4, 2]:
+  #    a.incl(value)
+  #  for value in a.items:
+  #    echo "Got ", value
+
+  block setContains:
+    var values = initOrderedSet[int]()
+    assert(not values.contains(2))
+    values.incl(2)
+    assert values.contains(2)
+
+  block toSeqAndString:
+    var a = toOrderedSet([2, 4, 5])
+    var b = initOrderedSet[int]()
+    for x in [2, 4, 5]: b.incl(x)
+    assert($a == $b)
+    # assert(a == b) # https://github.com/Araq/Nimrod/issues/1413
+
+  block initBlocks:
+    var a: TOrderedSet[int]
+    a.init(4)
+    a.incl(2)
+    a.init
+    assert a.len == 0 and a.isValid
+    a = initOrderedSet[int](4)
+    a.incl(2)
+    assert a.len == 1
+
+    var b: TSet[int]
+    b.init(4)
+    b.incl(2)
+    b.init
+    assert b.len == 0 and b.isValid
+    b = initSet[int](4)
+    b.incl(2)
+    assert b.len == 1
+
+  echo "Micro tests run successfully."
+
+when isMainModule and not defined(release): testModule()
diff --git a/lib/pure/collections/tables.nim b/lib/pure/collections/tables.nim
index ce9df09e10..dcf2ab4811 100644
--- a/lib/pure/collections/tables.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/collections/tables.nim
@@ -246,7 +246,8 @@ template equalsImpl() =
     # different insertion orders mean different 'data' seqs, so we have
     # to use the slow route here:
     for key, val in s:
-      if not hasKey(t, key): return false
+      # prefix notation leads to automatic dereference in case of PTable
+      if not t.hasKey(key): return false
       if t[key] != val: return false
     return true
   
@@ -332,7 +333,9 @@ proc `$`*[A, B](t: PTable[A, B]): string =
   dollarImpl()
 
 proc `==`*[A, B](s, t: PTable[A, B]): bool =
-  equalsImpl()
+  if isNil(s): result = isNil(t)
+  elif isNil(t): result = false
+  else: result = equalsImpl()
 
 proc newTableFrom*[A, B, C](collection: A, index: proc(x: B): C): PTable[C, B] =
   ## Index the collection with the proc provided.
diff --git a/lib/pure/json.nim b/lib/pure/json.nim
index 508e564c57..a45900f297 100644
--- a/lib/pure/json.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/json.nim
@@ -621,9 +621,13 @@ proc `%`*(elements: openArray[PJsonNode]): PJsonNode =
 
 proc `==`* (a,b: PJsonNode): bool =
   ## Check two nodes for equality
-  if a.kind != b.kind: false
+  if a.isNil:
+    if b.isNil: return true
+    return false
+  elif b.isNil or a.kind != b.kind: 
+    return false
   else:
-    case a.kind
+    return case a.kind
     of JString:
       a.str == b.str
     of JInt:
diff --git a/lib/pure/os.nim b/lib/pure/os.nim
index a7f4f7d916..a70bfa7f10 100644
--- a/lib/pure/os.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/os.nim
@@ -955,11 +955,12 @@ proc copyFile*(source, dest: string) {.rtl, extern: "nos$1",
   ##
   ## If this fails, `EOS` is raised. On the Windows platform this proc will
   ## copy the source file's attributes into dest. On other platforms you need
-  ## to use getFilePermissions and setFilePermissions to copy them by hand (or
-  ## use the convenience copyFileWithPermissions() proc), otherwise `dest` will
-  ## inherit the default permissions of a newly created file for the user. If
-  ## `dest` already exists, the file attributes will be preserved and the
-  ## content overwritten.
+  ## to use `getFilePermissions() <#getFilePermissions>`_ and
+  ## `setFilePermissions() <#setFilePermissions>`_ to copy them by hand (or use
+  ## the convenience `copyFileWithPermissions() <#copyFileWithPermissions>`_
+  ## proc), otherwise `dest` will inherit the default permissions of a newly
+  ## created file for the user. If `dest` already exists, the file attributes
+  ## will be preserved and the content overwritten.
   when defined(Windows):
     when useWinUnicode:
       let s = newWideCString(source)
@@ -1363,7 +1364,13 @@ proc createDir*(dir: string) {.rtl, extern: "nos$1", tags: [FWriteDir].} =
 
 proc copyDir*(source, dest: string) {.rtl, extern: "nos$1",
   tags: [FWriteIO, FReadIO].} =
-  ## Copies a directory from `source` to `dest`. If this fails, `EOS` is raised.
+  ## Copies a directory from `source` to `dest`.
+  ##
+  ## If this fails, `EOS` is raised. On the Windows platform this proc will
+  ## copy the attributes from `source` into `dest`. On other platforms created
+  ## files and directories will inherit the default permissions of a newly
+  ## created file/directory for the user. To preserve attributes recursively on
+  ## these platforms use `copyDirWithPermissions() <#copyDirWithPermissions>`_.
   createDir(dest)
   for kind, path in walkDir(source):
     var noSource = path.substr(source.len()+1)
@@ -1507,14 +1514,17 @@ proc copyFileWithPermissions*(source, dest: string,
                               ignorePermissionErrors = true) =
   ## Copies a file from `source` to `dest` preserving file permissions.
   ##
-  ## This is a wrapper proc around copyFile, getFilePermissions and
-  ## setFilePermissions on non Windows platform. On windows this proc is just a
-  ## wrapper for copyFile since that proc already copies attributes.
+  ## This is a wrapper proc around `copyFile() <#copyFile>`_,
+  ## `getFilePermissions() <#getFilePermissions>`_ and `setFilePermissions()
+  ## <#setFilePermissions>`_ on non Windows platform. On Windows this proc is
+  ## just a wrapper for `copyFile() <#copyFile>`_ since that proc already
+  ## copies attributes.
   ##
-  ## On non windows systems permissions are copied after the file itself has
+  ## On non Windows systems permissions are copied after the file itself has
   ## been copied, which won't happen atomically and could lead to a race
-  ## condition. If ignorePermissionErrors is true, errors while reading/setting
-  ## file attributes will be ignored, otherwise will raise `OSError`.
+  ## condition. If `ignorePermissionErrors` is true, errors while
+  ## reading/setting file attributes will be ignored, otherwise will raise
+  ## `OSError`.
   copyFile(source, dest)
   when not defined(Windows):
     try:
@@ -1523,6 +1533,37 @@ proc copyFileWithPermissions*(source, dest: string,
       if not ignorePermissionErrors:
         raise
 
+proc copyDirWithPermissions*(source, dest: string,
+    ignorePermissionErrors = true) {.rtl, extern: "nos$1",
+    tags: [FWriteIO, FReadIO].} =
+  ## Copies a directory from `source` to `dest` preserving file permissions.
+  ##
+  ## If this fails, `EOS` is raised. This is a wrapper proc around `copyDir()
+  ## <#copyDir>`_ and `copyFileWithPermissions() <#copyFileWithPermissions>`_
+  ## on non Windows platforms. On Windows this proc is just a wrapper for
+  ## `copyDir() <#copyDir>`_ since that proc already copies attributes.
+  ##
+  ## On non Windows systems permissions are copied after the file or directory
+  ## itself has been copied, which won't happen atomically and could lead to a
+  ## race condition. If `ignorePermissionErrors` is true, errors while
+  ## reading/setting file attributes will be ignored, otherwise will raise
+  ## `OSError`.
+  createDir(dest)
+  when not defined(Windows):
+    try:
+      setFilePermissions(dest, getFilePermissions(source))
+    except:
+      if not ignorePermissionErrors:
+        raise
+  for kind, path in walkDir(source):
+    var noSource = path.substr(source.len()+1)
+    case kind
+    of pcFile:
+      copyFileWithPermissions(path, dest / noSource, ignorePermissionErrors)
+    of pcDir:
+      copyDirWithPermissions(path, dest / noSource, ignorePermissionErrors)
+    else: discard
+
 proc inclFilePermissions*(filename: string,
                           permissions: set[TFilePermission]) {.
   rtl, extern: "nos$1", tags: [FReadDir, FWriteDir].} =
diff --git a/lib/pure/osproc.nim b/lib/pure/osproc.nim
index 04a0c2403a..c74fa1ceb6 100644
--- a/lib/pure/osproc.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/osproc.nim
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@ elif not defined(useNimRtl):
     discard write(data.pErrorPipe[writeIdx], addr error, sizeof(error))
     exitnow(1)
 
-  when defined(macosx):
+  when defined(macosx) or defined(freebsd):
     var environ {.importc.}: cstringArray
 
   proc startProcessAfterFork(data: ptr TStartProcessData) =
@@ -793,7 +793,7 @@ elif not defined(useNimRtl):
     discard fcntl(data.pErrorPipe[writeIdx], F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC)
 
     if data.optionPoUsePath:
-      when defined(macosx):
+      when defined(macosx) or defined(freebsd):
         # MacOSX doesn't have execvpe, so we need workaround.
         # On MacOSX we can arrive here only from fork, so this is safe:
         environ = data.sysEnv
diff --git a/lib/pure/xmldom.nim b/lib/pure/xmldom.nim
index 47e94243eb..d63b6c5dd3 100644
--- a/lib/pure/xmldom.nim
+++ b/lib/pure/xmldom.nim
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ const
   DocumentFragmentNode* = 11
 
   # Nodes which are childless - Not sure about AttributeNode
-  childlessObjects = {DocumentNode, AttributeNode, TextNode, 
+  childlessObjects = {DocumentNode, AttributeNode, TextNode,
     CDataSectionNode, ProcessingInstructionNode, CommentNode}
   # Illegal characters
   illegalChars = {'>', '<', '&', '"'}
@@ -69,21 +69,21 @@ type
     FOwnerDocument: PDocument # Read-Only
     FParentNode: PNode # Read-Only
     prefix*: string # Setting this should change some values... TODO!
-  
+
   PElement* = ref Element
   Element = object of Node
     FTagName: string # Read-only
-  
+
   PCharacterData* = ref CharacterData
   CharacterData = object of Node
     data*: string
-    
+
   PDocument* = ref Document
   Document = object of Node
     FImplementation: PDOMImplementation # Read-only
     FDocumentElement: PElement # Read-only
-    
-  PAttr* = ref Attr  
+
+  PAttr* = ref Attr
   Attr = object of Node
     FName: string # Read-only
     FSpecified: bool # Read-only
@@ -95,13 +95,13 @@ type
 
   PText* = ref Text
   Text = object of CharacterData
-  
+
   PComment* = ref comment
   Comment = object of CharacterData
-  
+
   PCDataSection* = ref CDataSection
   CDataSection = object of Text
-    
+
   PProcessingInstruction* = ref ProcessingInstruction
   ProcessingInstruction = object of Node
     data*: string
@@ -111,8 +111,8 @@ type
 proc getDOM*(): PDOMImplementation =
   ## Returns a DOMImplementation
   new(result)
-  result.Features = @[(name: "core", version: "2.0"), 
-                      (name: "core", version: "1.0"), 
+  result.Features = @[(name: "core", version: "2.0"),
+                      (name: "core", version: "1.0"),
                       (name: "XML", version: "2.0")]
 
 proc createDocument*(dom: PDOMImplementation, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedName: string): PDocument =
@@ -121,28 +121,28 @@ proc createDocument*(dom: PDOMImplementation, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedNam
   new(doc)
   doc.FNamespaceURI = namespaceURI
   doc.FImplementation = dom
-  
+
   var elTag: PElement
   new(elTag)
   elTag.FTagName = qualifiedName
   elTag.FNodeName = qualifiedName
   doc.FDocumentElement = elTag
   doc.FNodeType = DocumentNode
-  
+
   return doc
-  
+
 proc createDocument*(dom: PDOMImplementation, n: PElement): PDocument =
   ## Creates an XML Document object of the specified type with its document element.
-  
+
   # This procedure is not in the specification, it's provided for the parser.
   var doc: PDocument
   new(doc)
   doc.FDocumentElement = n
   doc.FImplementation = dom
   doc.FNodeType = DocumentNode
-  
+
   return doc
-  
+
 proc hasFeature*(dom: PDOMImplementation, feature: string, version: string = ""): bool =
   ## Returns ``true`` if this ``version`` of the DomImplementation implements ``feature``, otherwise ``false``
   for iName, iVersion in items(dom.Features):
@@ -157,11 +157,11 @@ proc hasFeature*(dom: PDOMImplementation, feature: string, version: string = "")
 
 # Document
 # Attributes
-  
+
 proc implementation*(doc: PDocument): PDOMImplementation =
   return doc.FImplementation
-  
-proc documentElement*(doc: PDocument): PElement = 
+
+proc documentElement*(doc: PDocument): PElement =
   return doc.FDocumentElement
 
 # Internal procedures
@@ -175,13 +175,13 @@ proc findNodes(nl: PNode, name: string): seq[PNode] =
     if i.FNodeType == ElementNode:
       if i.FNodeName == name or name == "*":
         r.add(i)
-        
+
       if not isNil(i.childNodes):
         if i.childNodes.len() != 0:
           r.add(findNodes(i, name))
-    
+
   return r
-  
+
 proc findNodesNS(nl: PNode, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): seq[PNode] =
   # Made for getElementsByTagNameNS
   var r: seq[PNode] = @[]
@@ -192,23 +192,23 @@ proc findNodesNS(nl: PNode, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): seq[PNode]
     if i.FNodeType == ElementNode:
       if (i.FNamespaceURI == namespaceURI or namespaceURI == "*") and (i.FLocalName == localName or localName == "*"):
         r.add(i)
-        
+
       if not isNil(i.childNodes):
         if i.childNodes.len() != 0:
           r.add(findNodesNS(i, namespaceURI, localName))
-    
+
   return r
-    
+
 
 #Procedures
 proc createAttribute*(doc: PDocument, name: string): PAttr =
   ## Creates an Attr of the given name. Note that the Attr instance can then be set on an Element using the setAttributeNode method.
-  ## To create an attribute with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the createAttributeNS method. 
-  
+  ## To create an attribute with a qualified name and namespace URI, use the createAttributeNS method.
+
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in name:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-  
+
   var AttrNode: PAttr
   new(AttrNode)
   AttrNode.FName = name
@@ -222,21 +222,21 @@ proc createAttribute*(doc: PDocument, name: string): PAttr =
 
 proc createAttributeNS*(doc: PDocument, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedName: string): PAttr =
   ## Creates an attribute of the given qualified name and namespace URI
-  
+
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in namespaceURI or illegalChars in qualifiedName:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
   # Exceptions
   if qualifiedName.contains(':'):
-    if namespaceURI == nil:
+    if isNil(namespaceURI):
       raise newException(ENamespaceErr, "When qualifiedName contains a prefix namespaceURI cannot be nil")
     elif qualifiedName.split(':')[0].toLower() == "xml" and namespaceURI != "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace":
-      raise newException(ENamespaceErr, 
+      raise newException(ENamespaceErr,
         "When the namespace prefix is \"xml\" namespaceURI has to be \"http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace\"")
     elif qualifiedName.split(':')[1].toLower() == "xmlns" and namespaceURI != "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/":
-      raise newException(ENamespaceErr, 
+      raise newException(ENamespaceErr,
         "When the namespace prefix is \"xmlns\" namespaceURI has to be \"http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/\"")
-  
+
   var AttrNode: PAttr
   new(AttrNode)
   AttrNode.FName = qualifiedName
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ proc createAttributeNS*(doc: PDocument, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedName: str
     AttrNode.prefix = nil
     AttrNode.FLocalName = qualifiedName
   AttrNode.value = ""
-  
+
   AttrNode.FNodeType = AttributeNode
   return AttrNode
 
@@ -265,12 +265,12 @@ proc createCDATASection*(doc: PDocument, data: string): PCDATASection =
   return CData
 
 proc createComment*(doc: PDocument, data: string): PComment =
-  ## Creates a Comment node given the specified string. 
+  ## Creates a Comment node given the specified string.
   var Comm: PComment
   new(Comm)
   Comm.data = data
   Comm.nodeValue = data
-  
+
   Comm.FNodeType = CommentNode
   return Comm
 
@@ -282,11 +282,11 @@ proc createDocumentFragment*(doc: PDocument): PDocumentFragment =
 
 proc createElement*(doc: PDocument, tagName: string): PElement =
   ## Creates an element of the type specified.
-  
+
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in tagName:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-    
+
   var elNode: PElement
   new(elNode)
   elNode.FTagName = tagName
@@ -296,24 +296,24 @@ proc createElement*(doc: PDocument, tagName: string): PElement =
   elNode.FNamespaceURI = nil
   elNode.childNodes = @[]
   elNode.attributes = @[]
-  
+
   elNode.FNodeType = ElementNode
-  
+
   return elNode
 
 proc createElementNS*(doc: PDocument, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedName: string): PElement =
   ## Creates an element of the given qualified name and namespace URI.
   if qualifiedName.contains(':'):
-    if namespaceURI == nil:
+    if isNIl(namespaceURI):
       raise newException(ENamespaceErr, "When qualifiedName contains a prefix namespaceURI cannot be nil")
     elif qualifiedName.split(':')[0].toLower() == "xml" and namespaceURI != "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace":
-      raise newException(ENamespaceErr, 
+      raise newException(ENamespaceErr,
         "When the namespace prefix is \"xml\" namespaceURI has to be \"http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace\"")
-        
+
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in namespaceURI or illegalChars in qualifiedName:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-    
+
   var elNode: PElement
   new(elNode)
   elNode.FTagName = qualifiedName
@@ -327,18 +327,18 @@ proc createElementNS*(doc: PDocument, namespaceURI: string, qualifiedName: strin
   elNode.FNamespaceURI = namespaceURI
   elNode.childNodes = @[]
   elNode.attributes = @[]
-  
+
   elNode.FNodeType = ElementNode
-  
+
   return elNode
 
-proc createProcessingInstruction*(doc: PDocument, target: string, data: string): PProcessingInstruction = 
-  ## Creates a ProcessingInstruction node given the specified name and data strings. 
-  
+proc createProcessingInstruction*(doc: PDocument, target: string, data: string): PProcessingInstruction =
+  ## Creates a ProcessingInstruction node given the specified name and data strings.
+
   #Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in target:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-    
+
   var PI: PProcessingInstruction
   new(PI)
   PI.FTarget = target
@@ -347,13 +347,13 @@ proc createProcessingInstruction*(doc: PDocument, target: string, data: string):
   return PI
 
 proc createTextNode*(doc: PDocument, data: string): PText = #Propably TextNode
-  ## Creates a Text node given the specified string. 
+  ## Creates a Text node given the specified string.
   var txtNode: PText
   new(txtNode)
   txtNode.data = data
   txtNode.nodeValue = data
   txtNode.FNodeName = "#text"
-  
+
   txtNode.FNodeType = TextNode
   return txtNode
 
@@ -363,22 +363,22 @@ discard """proc getElementById*(doc: PDocument, elementId: string): PElement =
 
 proc getElementsByTagName*(doc: PDocument, tagName: string): seq[PNode] =
   ## Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given tag name in
-  ## the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree. 
+  ## the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.
   var result: seq[PNode] = @[]
   if doc.FDocumentElement.FNodeName == tagName or tagName == "*":
     result.add(doc.FDocumentElement)
-  
+
   result.add(doc.FDocumentElement.findNodes(tagName))
   return result
-  
+
 proc getElementsByTagNameNS*(doc: PDocument, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): seq[PNode] =
   ## Returns a NodeList of all the Elements with a given localName and namespaceURI
-  ## in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree. 
+  ## in the order in which they are encountered in a preorder traversal of the Document tree.
   var result: seq[PNode] = @[]
   if doc.FDocumentElement.FLocalName == localName or localName == "*":
     if doc.FDocumentElement.FNamespaceURI == namespaceURI or namespaceURI == "*":
       result.add(doc.FDocumentElement)
-      
+
   result.add(doc.FDocumentElement.findNodesNS(namespaceURI, localName))
   return result
 
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ proc importNode*(doc: PDocument, importedNode: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     if deep:
       for i in low(tmp.len())..high(tmp.len()):
         n.childNodes.add(importNode(doc, tmp[i], deep))
-        
+
     return n
   of ElementNode:
     var n: PNode
@@ -414,7 +414,7 @@ proc importNode*(doc: PDocument, importedNode: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     n = importedNode
     n.FOwnerDocument = doc
     n.FParentNode = nil
-    
+
     var tmpA: seq[PAttr] = n.attributes
     n.attributes = @[]
     # Import the Element node's attributes
@@ -426,7 +426,7 @@ proc importNode*(doc: PDocument, importedNode: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     if deep:
       for i in low(tmp.len())..high(tmp.len()):
         n.childNodes.add(importNode(doc, tmp[i], deep))
-        
+
     return n
   of ProcessingInstructionNode, TextNode, CDataSectionNode, CommentNode:
     var n: PNode
@@ -437,27 +437,27 @@ proc importNode*(doc: PDocument, importedNode: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     return n
   else:
     raise newException(ENotSupportedErr, "The type of node being imported is not supported")
-  
+
 
 # Node
 # Attributes
-  
+
 proc firstChild*(n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Returns this node's first child
 
-  if n.childNodes.len() > 0:
+  if not isNil(n.childNodes) and n.childNodes.len() > 0:
     return n.childNodes[0]
   else:
     return nil
-  
+
 proc lastChild*(n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Returns this node's last child
 
-  if n.childNodes.len() > 0:
+  if not isNil(n.childNodes) and n.childNodes.len() > 0:
     return n.childNodes[n.childNodes.len() - 1]
   else:
     return nil
-  
+
 proc localName*(n: PNode): string =
   ## Returns this nodes local name
 
@@ -465,15 +465,17 @@ proc localName*(n: PNode): string =
 
 proc namespaceURI*(n: PNode): string =
   ## Returns this nodes namespace URI
-  
+
   return n.FNamespaceURI
-  
-proc `namespaceURI=`*(n: PNode, value: string) = 
+
+proc `namespaceURI=`*(n: PNode, value: string) =
   n.FNamespaceURI = value
 
 proc nextSibling*(n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Returns the next sibling of this node
 
+  if isNil(n.FParentNode) or isNil(n.FParentNode.childNodes):
+    return nil
   var nLow: int = low(n.FParentNode.childNodes)
   var nHigh: int = high(n.FParentNode.childNodes)
   for i in nLow..nHigh:
@@ -500,17 +502,19 @@ proc parentNode*(n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Returns the parent node of this node
 
   return n.FParentNode
-  
+
 proc previousSibling*(n: PNode): PNode =
   ## Returns the previous sibling of this node
 
+  if isNil(n.FParentNode) or isNil(n.FParentNode.childNodes):
+    return nil
   var nLow: int = low(n.FParentNode.childNodes)
   var nHigh: int = high(n.FParentNode.childNodes)
   for i in nLow..nHigh:
     if n.FParentNode.childNodes[i] == n:
       return n.FParentNode.childNodes[i - 1]
   return nil
-  
+
 proc `prefix=`*(n: PNode, value: string) =
   ## Modifies the prefix of this node
 
@@ -519,13 +523,13 @@ proc `prefix=`*(n: PNode, value: string) =
   if illegalChars in value:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
 
-  if n.FNamespaceURI == nil:
+  if isNil(n.FNamespaceURI):
     raise newException(ENamespaceErr, "namespaceURI cannot be nil")
   elif value.toLower() == "xml" and n.FNamespaceURI != "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace":
-    raise newException(ENamespaceErr, 
+    raise newException(ENamespaceErr,
       "When the namespace prefix is \"xml\" namespaceURI has to be \"http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace\"")
   elif value.toLower() == "xmlns" and n.FNamespaceURI != "http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/":
-    raise newException(ENamespaceErr, 
+    raise newException(ENamespaceErr,
       "When the namespace prefix is \"xmlns\" namespaceURI has to be \"http://www.w3.org/2000/xmlns/\"")
   elif value.toLower() == "xmlns" and n.FNodeType == AttributeNode:
     raise newException(ENamespaceErr, "An AttributeNode cannot have a prefix of \"xmlns\"")
@@ -543,33 +547,33 @@ proc `prefix=`*(n: PNode, value: string) =
 proc appendChild*(n: PNode, newChild: PNode) =
   ## Adds the node newChild to the end of the list of children of this node.
   ## If the newChild is already in the tree, it is first removed.
-  
+
   # Check if n contains newChild
-  if not IsNil(n.childNodes):
+  if not isNil(n.childNodes):
     for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
       if n.childNodes[i] == newChild:
         raise newException(EHierarchyRequestErr, "The node to append is already in this nodes children.")
-  
+
   # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
   if n.FOwnerDocument != newChild.FOwnerDocument:
     raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-  
+
   if n == newChild:
     raise newException(EHierarchyRequestErr, "You can't add a node into itself")
-  
+
   if n.nodeType in childlessObjects:
     raise newException(ENoModificationAllowedErr, "Cannot append children to a childless node")
-  
+
   if isNil(n.childNodes): n.childNodes = @[]
-    
+
   newChild.FParentNode = n
   for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
     if n.childNodes[i] == newChild:
       n.childNodes[i] = newChild
-    
+
   n.childNodes.add(newChild)
 
-proc cloneNode*(n: PNode, deep: bool): PNode = 
+proc cloneNode*(n: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
   ## Returns a duplicate of this node, if ``deep`` is `true`, Element node's children are copied
   case n.FNodeType
   of AttributeNode:
@@ -586,7 +590,7 @@ proc cloneNode*(n: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     # Import the childNodes
     var tmp: seq[PNode] = n.childNodes
     n.childNodes = @[]
-    if deep:
+    if deep and not isNil(tmp):
       for i in low(tmp.len())..high(tmp.len()):
         n.childNodes.add(cloneNode(tmp[i], deep))
     return newNode
@@ -597,34 +601,39 @@ proc cloneNode*(n: PNode, deep: bool): PNode =
     return newNode
 
 proc hasAttributes*(n: PNode): bool =
-  ## Returns whether this node (if it is an element) has any attributes. 
-  return n.attributes.len() > 0
+  ## Returns whether this node (if it is an element) has any attributes.
+  return not isNil(n.attributes) and n.attributes.len() > 0
 
-proc hasChildNodes*(n: PNode): bool = 
+proc hasChildNodes*(n: PNode): bool =
   ## Returns whether this node has any children.
-  return n.childNodes.len() > 0
+  return not isNil(n.childNodes) and n.childNodes.len() > 0
 
 proc insertBefore*(n: PNode, newChild: PNode, refChild: PNode): PNode =
   ## Inserts the node ``newChild`` before the existing child node ``refChild``.
   ## If ``refChild`` is nil, insert ``newChild`` at the end of the list of children.
-  
+
   # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
   if n.FOwnerDocument != newChild.FOwnerDocument:
     raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-    
+
+  if isNil(n.childNodes):
+    n.ChildNodes = @[]
+
   for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
     if n.childNodes[i] == refChild:
       n.childNodes.insert(newChild, i - 1)
-    return
+      return
+
+  n.ChildNodes.add(newChild)
 
 proc isSupported*(n: PNode, feature: string, version: string): bool =
-  ## Tests whether the DOM implementation implements a specific 
-  ## feature and that feature is supported by this node. 
+  ## Tests whether the DOM implementation implements a specific
+  ## feature and that feature is supported by this node.
   return n.FOwnerDocument.FImplementation.hasFeature(feature, version)
 
 proc isEmpty(s: string): bool =
 
-  if s == "" or s == nil:
+  if isNil(s) or s == "":
     return True
   for i in items(s):
     if i != ' ':
@@ -635,18 +644,18 @@ proc normalize*(n: PNode) =
   ## Merges all seperated TextNodes together, and removes any empty TextNodes
   var curTextNode: PNode = nil
   var i: int = 0
-  
+
   var newChildNodes: seq[PNode] = @[]
   while True:
-    if i >= n.childNodes.len:
+    if isNil(n.childNodes) or i >= n.childNodes.len:
       break
     if n.childNodes[i].nodeType == TextNode:
-      
+
       #If the TextNode is empty, remove it
       if PText(n.childNodes[i]).data.isEmpty():
         inc(i)
-      
-      if curTextNode == nil:
+
+      if isNil(curTextNode):
         curTextNode = n.childNodes[i]
       else:
         PText(curTextNode).data.add(PText(n.childNodes[i]).data)
@@ -656,35 +665,37 @@ proc normalize*(n: PNode) =
       newChildNodes.add(curTextNode)
       newChildNodes.add(n.childNodes[i])
       curTextNode = nil
-    
+
     inc(i)
   n.childNodes = newChildNodes
 
 proc removeChild*(n: PNode, oldChild: PNode): PNode =
   ## Removes the child node indicated by ``oldChild`` from the list of children, and returns it.
-  for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
-    if n.childNodes[i] == oldChild:
-      result = n.childNodes[i]
-      n.childNodes.delete(i)
-      return result
-      
+  if not isNil(n.childNodes):
+    for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
+      if n.childNodes[i] == oldChild:
+        result = n.childNodes[i]
+        n.childNodes.delete(i)
+        return result
+
   raise newException(ENotFoundErr, "Node not found")
-    
+
 proc replaceChild*(n: PNode, newChild: PNode, oldChild: PNode): PNode =
   ## Replaces the child node ``oldChild`` with ``newChild`` in the list of children, and returns the ``oldChild`` node.
-  
+
   # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
   if n.FOwnerDocument != newChild.FOwnerDocument:
     raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-  
-  for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
-    if n.childNodes[i] == oldChild:
-      result = n.childNodes[i]
-      n.childNodes[i] = newChild
-      return result
-  
+
+  if not isNil(n.childNodes):
+    for i in low(n.childNodes)..high(n.childNodes):
+      if n.childNodes[i] == oldChild:
+        result = n.childNodes[i]
+        n.childNodes[i] = newChild
+        return result
+
   raise newException(ENotFoundErr, "Node not found")
-  
+
 # NamedNodeMap
 
 proc getNamedItem*(NList: seq[PNode], name: string): PNode =
@@ -693,22 +704,22 @@ proc getNamedItem*(NList: seq[PNode], name: string): PNode =
     if i.nodeName() == name:
       return i
   return nil
-  
+
 proc getNamedItem*(NList: seq[PAttr], name: string): PAttr =
   ## Retrieves a node specified by ``name``. If this node cannot be found returns ``nil``
   for i in items(NList):
     if i.nodeName() == name:
       return i
   return nil
-      
+
 proc getNamedItemNS*(NList: seq[PNode], namespaceURI: string, localName: string): PNode =
   ## Retrieves a node specified by ``localName`` and ``namespaceURI``. If this node cannot be found returns ``nil``
   for i in items(NList):
     if i.namespaceURI() == namespaceURI and i.localName() == localName:
       return i
   return nil
-  
-proc getNamedItemNS*(NList: seq[PAttr], namespaceURI: string, localName: string): PAttr = 
+
+proc getNamedItemNS*(NList: seq[PAttr], namespaceURI: string, localName: string): PAttr =
   ## Retrieves a node specified by ``localName`` and ``namespaceURI``. If this node cannot be found returns ``nil``
   for i in items(NList):
     if i.NamespaceURI() == namespaceURI and i.LocalName() == localName:
@@ -716,7 +727,7 @@ proc getNamedItemNS*(NList: seq[PAttr], namespaceURI: string, localName: string)
   return nil
 
 proc item*(NList: seq[PNode], index: int): PNode =
-  ## Returns the ``index`` th item in the map. 
+  ## Returns the ``index`` th item in the map.
   ## If ``index`` is greater than or equal to the number of nodes in this map, this returns ``nil``.
   if index >= NList.len(): return nil
   else: return NList[index]
@@ -729,9 +740,9 @@ proc removeNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PNode], name: string): PNode =
       result = NList[i]
       NList.delete(i)
       return result
-  
+
   raise newException(ENotFoundErr, "Node not found")
-  
+
 proc removeNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PNode], namespaceURI: string, localName: string): PNode =
   ## Removes a node specified by local name and namespace URI
   for i in low(NList)..high(NList):
@@ -739,7 +750,7 @@ proc removeNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PNode], namespaceURI: string, localName:
       result = NList[i]
       NList.delete(i)
       return result
-  
+
   raise newException(ENotFoundErr, "Node not found")
 
 proc setNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PNode], arg: PNode): PNode =
@@ -751,9 +762,9 @@ proc setNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PNode], arg: PNode): PNode =
       if NList[0].FOwnerDocument != arg.FOwnerDocument:
         raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
   #Exceptions End
-  
+
   var item: PNode = NList.getNamedItem(arg.NodeName())
-  if item == nil:
+  if isNil(item):
     NList.add(arg)
     return nil
   else:
@@ -765,22 +776,22 @@ proc setNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PNode], arg: PNode): PNode =
         break
     NList[index] = arg
     return item # Return the replaced node
-    
+
 proc setNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PAttr], arg: PAttr): PAttr =
   ## Adds ``arg`` as a ``Node`` to the ``NList``
   ## If a node with the same name is already present in this map, it is replaced by the new one.
-  if not IsNil(NList):
+  if not isNil(NList):
     if NList.len() > 0:
       # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
       if NList[0].FOwnerDocument != arg.FOwnerDocument:
         raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-        
-  if arg.FOwnerElement != nil:
+
+  if not isNil(arg.FOwnerElement):
     raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr, "This attribute is in use by another element, use cloneNode")
-        
+
   # Exceptions end
   var item: PAttr = NList.getNamedItem(arg.nodeName())
-  if item == nil:
+  if isNil(item):
     NList.add(arg)
     return nil
   else:
@@ -792,18 +803,18 @@ proc setNamedItem*(NList: var seq[PAttr], arg: PAttr): PAttr =
         break
     NList[index] = arg
     return item # Return the replaced node
-    
+
 proc setNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PNode], arg: PNode): PNode =
   ## Adds a node using its ``namespaceURI`` and ``localName``
-  if not IsNil(NList):
+  if not isNil(NList):
     if NList.len() > 0:
       # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
       if NList[0].FOwnerDocument != arg.FOwnerDocument:
         raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
   #Exceptions end
-        
+
   var item: PNode = NList.getNamedItemNS(arg.namespaceURI(), arg.localName())
-  if item == nil:
+  if isNil(item):
     NList.add(arg)
     return nil
   else:
@@ -815,7 +826,7 @@ proc setNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PNode], arg: PNode): PNode =
         break
     NList[index] = arg
     return item # Return the replaced node
-    
+
 proc setNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PAttr], arg: PAttr): PAttr =
   ## Adds a node using its ``namespaceURI`` and ``localName``
   if not isNil(NList):
@@ -823,13 +834,13 @@ proc setNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PAttr], arg: PAttr): PAttr =
       # Check if newChild is from this nodes document
       if NList[0].FOwnerDocument != arg.FOwnerDocument:
         raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-        
-  if arg.FOwnerElement != nil:
+
+  if not isNil(arg.FOwnerElement):
     raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr, "This attribute is in use by another element, use cloneNode")
-        
+
   # Exceptions end
   var item: PAttr = NList.getNamedItemNS(arg.namespaceURI(), arg.localName())
-  if item == nil:
+  if isNil(item):
     NList.add(arg)
     return nil
   else:
@@ -841,8 +852,8 @@ proc setNamedItemNS*(NList: var seq[PAttr], arg: PAttr): PAttr =
         break
     NList[index] = arg
     return item # Return the replaced node
-    
-# CharacterData - Decided to implement this, 
+
+# CharacterData - Decided to implement this,
 # Didn't add the procedures, because you can just edit .data
 
 # Attr
@@ -851,13 +862,13 @@ proc name*(a: PAttr): string =
   ## Returns the name of the Attribute
 
   return a.FName
-  
+
 proc specified*(a: PAttr): bool =
   ## Specifies whether this attribute was specified in the original document
 
   return a.FSpecified
-  
-proc ownerElement*(a: PAttr): PElement = 
+
+proc ownerElement*(a: PAttr): PElement =
   ## Returns this Attributes owner element
 
   return a.FOwnerElement
@@ -873,27 +884,35 @@ proc tagName*(el: PElement): string =
 # Procedures
 proc getAttribute*(el: PElement, name: string): string =
   ## Retrieves an attribute value by ``name``
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return nil
   var attribute = el.attributes.getNamedItem(name)
-  if attribute != nil:
+  if not isNil(attribute):
     return attribute.value
   else:
     return nil
 
 proc getAttributeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): string =
   ## Retrieves an attribute value by ``localName`` and ``namespaceURI``
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return nil
   var attribute = el.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName)
-  if attribute != nil:
+  if not isNil(attribute):
     return attribute.value
   else:
     return nil
-    
+
 proc getAttributeNode*(el: PElement, name: string): PAttr =
   ## Retrieves an attribute node by ``name``
   ## To retrieve an attribute node by qualified name and namespace URI, use the `getAttributeNodeNS` method
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return nil
   return el.attributes.getNamedItem(name)
 
 proc getAttributeNodeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): PAttr =
   ## Retrieves an `Attr` node by ``localName`` and ``namespaceURI``
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return nil
   return el.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName)
 
 proc getElementsByTagName*(el: PElement, name: string): seq[PNode] =
@@ -909,103 +928,110 @@ proc getElementsByTagNameNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI: string, localName: stri
   result = el.findNodesNS(namespaceURI, localName)
 
 proc hasAttribute*(el: PElement, name: string): bool =
-  ## Returns ``true`` when an attribute with a given ``name`` is specified 
-  ## on this element , ``false`` otherwise. 
-  return el.attributes.getNamedItem(name) != nil
+  ## Returns ``true`` when an attribute with a given ``name`` is specified
+  ## on this element , ``false`` otherwise.
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return false
+  return not isNil(el.attributes.getNamedItem(name))
 
 proc hasAttributeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI: string, localName: string): bool =
   ## Returns ``true`` when an attribute with a given ``localName`` and
-  ## ``namespaceURI`` is specified on this element , ``false`` otherwise 
-  return el.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName) != nil
+  ## ``namespaceURI`` is specified on this element , ``false`` otherwise
+  if isNil(el.attributes):
+    return false
+  return not isNil(el.attributes.getNamedItemNS(namespaceURI, localName))
 
 proc removeAttribute*(el: PElement, name: string) =
   ## Removes an attribute by ``name``
-  for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
-    if el.attributes[i].FName == name:
-      el.attributes.delete(i)
-      
+  if not isNil(el.attributes):
+    for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
+      if el.attributes[i].FName == name:
+        el.attributes.delete(i)
+
 proc removeAttributeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI: string, localName: string) =
   ## Removes an attribute by ``localName`` and ``namespaceURI``
-  for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
-    if el.attributes[i].FNamespaceURI == namespaceURI and 
-        el.attributes[i].FLocalName == localName:
-      el.attributes.delete(i)
-  
+  if not isNil(el.attributes):
+    for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
+      if el.attributes[i].FNamespaceURI == namespaceURI and
+          el.attributes[i].FLocalName == localName:
+        el.attributes.delete(i)
+
 proc removeAttributeNode*(el: PElement, oldAttr: PAttr): PAttr =
   ## Removes the specified attribute node
   ## If the attribute node cannot be found raises ``ENotFoundErr``
-  for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
-    if el.attributes[i] == oldAttr:
-      result = el.attributes[i]
-      el.attributes.delete(i)
-      return result
-  
+  if not isNil(el.attributes):
+    for i in low(el.attributes)..high(el.attributes):
+      if el.attributes[i] == oldAttr:
+        result = el.attributes[i]
+        el.attributes.delete(i)
+        return result
+
   raise newException(ENotFoundErr, "oldAttr is not a member of el's Attributes")
 
 proc setAttributeNode*(el: PElement, newAttr: PAttr): PAttr =
   ## Adds a new attribute node, if an attribute with the same `nodeName` is
   ## present, it is replaced by the new one and the replaced attribute is
   ## returned, otherwise ``nil`` is returned.
-  
+
   # Check if newAttr is from this nodes document
   if el.FOwnerDocument != newAttr.FOwnerDocument:
-    raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, 
+    raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr,
       "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-        
-  if newAttr.FOwnerElement != nil:
-    raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr, 
+
+  if not isNil(newAttr.FOwnerElement):
+    raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr,
       "This attribute is in use by another element, use cloneNode")
   # Exceptions end
-  
+
   if isNil(el.attributes): el.attributes = @[]
   return el.attributes.setNamedItem(newAttr)
-  
+
 proc setAttributeNodeNS*(el: PElement, newAttr: PAttr): PAttr =
-  ## Adds a new attribute node, if an attribute with the localName and 
+  ## Adds a new attribute node, if an attribute with the localName and
   ## namespaceURI of ``newAttr`` is present, it is replaced by the new one
   ## and the replaced attribute is returned, otherwise ``nil`` is returned.
-  
+
   # Check if newAttr is from this nodes document
   if el.FOwnerDocument != newAttr.FOwnerDocument:
-    raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr, 
+    raise newException(EWrongDocumentErr,
       "This node belongs to a different document, use importNode.")
-        
-  if newAttr.FOwnerElement != nil:
-    raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr, 
+
+  if not isNil(newAttr.FOwnerElement):
+    raise newException(EInuseAttributeErr,
       "This attribute is in use by another element, use cloneNode")
   # Exceptions end
-  
+
   if isNil(el.attributes): el.attributes = @[]
   return el.attributes.setNamedItemNS(newAttr)
 
 proc setAttribute*(el: PElement, name: string, value: string) =
   ## Adds a new attribute, as specified by ``name`` and ``value``
-  ## If an attribute with that name is already present in the element, its 
+  ## If an attribute with that name is already present in the element, its
   ## value is changed to be that of the value parameter
-  ## Raises the EInvalidCharacterErr if the specified ``name`` contains 
+  ## Raises the EInvalidCharacterErr if the specified ``name`` contains
   ## illegal characters
   var AttrNode = el.FOwnerDocument.createAttribute(name)
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in name:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-    
+
   discard el.setAttributeNode(AttrNode)
   # Set the info later, the setAttributeNode checks
   # if FOwnerElement is nil, and if it isn't it raises an exception
   AttrNode.FOwnerElement = el
   AttrNode.FSpecified = True
   AttrNode.value = value
-  
+
 proc setAttributeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI, localName, value: string) =
-  ## Adds a new attribute, as specified by ``namespaceURI``, ``localName`` 
+  ## Adds a new attribute, as specified by ``namespaceURI``, ``localName``
   ## and ``value``.
-  
+
   # Check if name contains illegal characters
   if illegalChars in namespaceURI or illegalChars in localName:
     raise newException(EInvalidCharacterErr, "Invalid character")
-    
+
   var AttrNode = el.FOwnerDocument.createAttributeNS(namespaceURI, localName)
-    
+
   discard el.setAttributeNodeNS(AttrNode)
   # Set the info later, the setAttributeNode checks
   # if FOwnerElement is nil, and if it isn't it raises an exception
@@ -1013,19 +1039,19 @@ proc setAttributeNS*(el: PElement, namespaceURI, localName, value: string) =
   AttrNode.FSpecified = True
   AttrNode.value = value
 
-# Text  
+# Text
 proc splitData*(TextNode: PText, offset: int): PText =
-  ## Breaks this node into two nodes at the specified offset, 
+  ## Breaks this node into two nodes at the specified offset,
   ## keeping both in the tree as siblings.
-  
+
   if offset > TextNode.data.len():
     raise newException(EIndexSizeErr, "Index out of bounds")
-  
+
   var left: string = TextNode.data.substr(0, offset)
   TextNode.data = left
   var right: string = TextNode.data.substr(offset, TextNode.data.len())
-  
-  if TextNode.FParentNode != nil:
+
+  if not isNil(TextNode.FParentNode) and not isNil(TextNode.FParentNode.childNodes):
     for i in low(TextNode.FParentNode.childNodes)..high(TextNode.FParentNode.childNodes):
       if TextNode.FParentNode.childNodes[i] == TextNode:
         var newNode: PText = TextNode.FOwnerDocument.createTextNode(right)
@@ -1042,10 +1068,10 @@ proc target*(PI: PProcessingInstruction): string =
 
   return PI.FTarget
 
-    
+
 # --Other stuff--
 # Writer
-proc addEscaped(s: string): string = 
+proc addEscaped(s: string): string =
   result = ""
   for c in items(s):
     case c
@@ -1057,10 +1083,11 @@ proc addEscaped(s: string): string =
 
 proc nodeToXml(n: PNode, indent: int = 0): string =
   result = repeatChar(indent, ' ') & "<" & n.nodeName
-  for i in items(n.Attributes):
-    result.add(" " & i.name & "=\"" & addEscaped(i.value) & "\"")
-  
-  if n.childNodes.len() == 0:
+  if not isNil(n.attributes):
+    for i in items(n.attributes):
+      result.add(" " & i.name & "=\"" & addEscaped(i.value) & "\"")
+
+  if isNil(n.childNodes) or n.childNodes.len() == 0:
     result.add("/>") # No idea why this doesn't need a \n :O
   else:
     # End the beginning of this tag
diff --git a/lib/system.nim b/lib/system.nim
index 3e4d3fb9e7..963211008d 100644
--- a/lib/system.nim
+++ b/lib/system.nim
@@ -2031,7 +2031,7 @@ proc echo*[T](x: varargs[T, `$`]) {.magic: "Echo", tags: [FWriteIO], gcsafe.}
   ## Special built-in that takes a variable number of arguments. Each argument
   ## is converted to a string via ``$``, so it works for user-defined
   ## types that have an overloaded ``$`` operator.
-  ## It is roughly equivalent to ``writeln(stdout, x); flush(stdout)``, but
+  ## It is roughly equivalent to ``writeln(stdout, x); flushFile(stdout)``, but
   ## available for the JavaScript target too.
   ##
   ## Unlike other IO operations this is guaranteed to be thread-safe as
diff --git a/tests/table/ptables.nim b/tests/table/ptables.nim
index ec52d08c33..79a9aab171 100644
--- a/tests/table/ptables.nim
+++ b/tests/table/ptables.nim
@@ -104,6 +104,15 @@ block countTableTest1:
 block SyntaxTest:
   var x = newTable[int, string]({:})
 
+block nilTest:
+  var i, j: PTable[int, int] = nil
+  assert i == j
+  j = newTable[int, int]()
+  assert i != j
+  assert j != i
+  i = newTable[int, int]()
+  assert i == j
+
 proc orderedTableSortTest() =
   var t = newOrderedTable[string, int](2)
   for key, val in items(data): t[key] = val
diff --git a/tools/nimrepl.nim b/tools/nimrepl.nim
index 8e43b4431d..4b6379bd59 100644
--- a/tools/nimrepl.nim
+++ b/tools/nimrepl.nim
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ proc execCode(code: string): string =
     f.close()
     result = osproc.execProcess(
       "$# $# --verbosity:0 --hint[Conf]:off temp.nim" % [nimExe, runCmd],
-      {poStdErrToStdOut})
+      options = {poStdErrToStdOut})
   else:
     result = "cannot open file 'temp.nim'"
 
diff --git a/tools/trimcc.nim b/tools/trimcc.nim
index 6271d2b9a6..4d96861953 100644
--- a/tools/trimcc.nim
+++ b/tools/trimcc.nim
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ proc walker(dir: string) =
       else:
         echo "Required: ", path
         # copy back:
-        moveFile(dest=path, sourc=newName(path))
+        moveFile(dest=path, source=newName(path))
     of pcDir:
       walker(path)
     else: discard
diff --git a/web/babelpkglist.nim b/web/babelpkglist.nim
index 8745c9f997..5da7d60a9c 100644
--- a/web/babelpkglist.nim
+++ b/web/babelpkglist.nim
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ proc processContent(content: string) =
   var jsonArr = jsonDoc.elems
 
   jsonArr.sort do (x, y: PJsonNode) -> int:
-    system.cmp(x["name"].str, y["name"].str)
+    strutils.cmpIgnoreCase(x["name"].str, y["name"].str)
 
   var
     officialList = ""
@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ proc processContent(content: string) =
       else: pkg["url"].str
     let
       desc = pkg["description"].str
-      # Review array index access when #1291 is solved.
-      dot = if desc.high > 0 and desc[ 0 and desc[desc.high] in endings: "" else: "."
       listItem = li(a(href=pkgWeb, pkg["name"].str), " ", desc & dot)
     if pkg["url"].str.startsWith("git://github.com/nimrod-code") or
        "official" in pkg["tags"].elems:
@@ -51,19 +50,17 @@ proc processContent(content: string) =
 
   var officialPkgListDiv = document.getElementById("officialPkgList")
 
-  officialPkgListDiv.innerHTML.add(
+  officialPkgListDiv.innerHTML =
     p("There are currently " & $officialCount &
       " official packages in the Babel package repository.") &
     ul(officialList)
-  )
 
   var unofficialPkgListDiv = document.getElementById("unofficialPkgList")
 
-  unofficialPkgListDiv.innerHTML.add(
+  unofficialPkgListDiv.innerHTML =
     p("There are currently " & $unofficialCount &
       " unofficial packages in the Babel package repository.") &
     ul(unofficialList)
-  )
 
 proc gotPackageList(apiReply: TData) {.exportc.} =
   let decoded = decodeContent($apiReply.content)