fixes #14522 #22085 #12700 #23132; no range check for uints (#23930)

fixes #14522
fixes #22085
fixes #12700
fixes #23132
closes https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/pull/22343 (succeeded by this PR)
completes https://github.com/nim-lang/RFCs/issues/175

follow up https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/pull/12688

tests/int/t1.nim

@@ -1,3 +1,7 @@
+discard """
+  targets: "c cpp"
+"""
+
 doAssert typeOf(1.int64 + 1.int) is int64
 doAssert typeOf(1.uint64 + 1.uint) is uint64
 doAssert int64 is SomeNumber
@@ -12,3 +16,24 @@ doAssert typeOf(myInt16 + myInt) is int   # of type `int`
 doAssert typeOf(myInt16 + 2i32) is int32  # of type `int32`
 doAssert int32 isnot int64
 doAssert int32 isnot int
+
+block:
+  # bug #22085
+  const
+    x = uint32(uint64.high) # vm error
+    u = uint64.high
+    v = uint32(u) # vm error
+
+  let
+    z = uint64.high
+    y = uint32(z)  # runtime ok
+
+  let
+    w = uint32(uint64.high)  # semfold error
+
+  doAssert x == w
+  doAssert v == y
+
+  # bug #14522
+  doAssert 0xFF000000_00000000.uint64 == 18374686479671623680'u64
+

tests/range/tcompiletime_range_checks.nim

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 discard """
   cmd: "nim check --hint:Processing:off --hint:Conf:off $file"
   errormsg: "18446744073709551615 can't be converted to int8"
-  nimout: '''tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(36, 21) Error: 2147483648 can't be converted to int32
-tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(37, 23) Error: -1 can't be converted to uint64
+  nimout: '''
+tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(36, 21) Error: 2147483648 can't be converted to int32
 tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(38, 34) Error: 255 can't be converted to FullNegativeRange
 tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(39, 34) Error: 18446744073709551615 can't be converted to HalfNegativeRange
 tcompiletime_range_checks.nim(40, 34) Error: 300 can't be converted to FullPositiveRange