math: Add cumprod and cumproded (#23416)

This pull request adds the `cumproded` function along with its in-place
equivalent, `cumprod`, to the math library. These functions provide
functionality similar to `cumsum` and `cumsummed`, allowing users to
calculate the cumulative sum of elements.

The `cumprod` function computes the cumulative product of elements
in-place, while `cumproded` additionally returns the prod seq.

(cherry picked from commit 4aff12408c)

lib/pure/math.nim

@@ -1146,6 +1146,37 @@ func prod*[T](x: openArray[T]): T =
   result = T(1)
   for i in items(x): result = result * i
 
+func cumprod*[T](x: var openArray[T]) =
+  ## Transforms ``x`` in-place (must be declared as `var`) into its
+  ## product.
+  ##
+  ## See also:
+  ## * `prod proc <#sum,openArray[T]>`_
+  ## * `cumproded proc <#cumproded,openArray[T]>`_ for a version which
+  ##   returns cumproded sequence
+  runnableExamples:
+    var a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    cumprod(a)
+    doAssert a == @[1, 2, 6, 24]
+  for i in 1 ..< x.len: x[i] = x[i-1] * x[i]
+
+func cumproded*[T](x: openArray[T]): seq[T] =
+  ## Return cumulative (aka prefix) product of ``x``.
+  ##
+  ## See also:
+  ## * `prod proc <#prod,openArray[T]>`_
+  ## * `cumprod proc <#cumprod,openArray[T]>`_ for the in-place version
+  runnableExamples:
+    let a = [1, 2, 3, 4]
+    doAssert cumproded(a) == @[1, 2, 6, 24]
+  result = @[]
+  let xLen = x.len
+  if xLen == 0:
+    return @[]
+  result.setLen(xLen)
+  result[0] = x[0]
+  for i in 1 ..< xLen: result[i] = result[i-1] * x[i]
+
 func cumsummed*[T](x: openArray[T]): seq[T] =
   ## Returns the cumulative (aka prefix) summation of `x`.
   ##
@@ -1354,3 +1385,4 @@ func lcm*[T](x: openArray[T]): T {.since: (1, 1).} =
   result = x[0]
   for i in 1 ..< x.len:
     result = lcm(result, x[i])
+