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Nim/lib/impure/db_mysql.nim
2015-09-05 21:15:01 +01:00

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9.9 KiB
Nim

#
#
# Nim's Runtime Library
# (c) Copyright 2012 Andreas Rumpf
#
# See the file "copying.txt", included in this
# distribution, for details about the copyright.
#
## A higher level `mySQL`:idx: database wrapper. The same interface is
## implemented for other databases too.
##
## Example:
##
## .. code-block:: Nim
##
## import db_mysql, math
##
## let theDb = open("localhost", "nim", "nim", "test")
##
## theDb.exec(sql"Drop table if exists myTestTbl")
## theDb.exec(sql("create table myTestTbl (" &
## " Id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, " &
## " Name VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL, " &
## " i INT(11), " &
## " f DECIMAL(18,10))"))
##
## theDb.exec(sql"START TRANSACTION")
## for i in 1..1000:
## theDb.exec(sql"INSERT INTO myTestTbl (name,i,f) VALUES (?,?,?)",
## "Item#" & $i, i, sqrt(i.float))
## theDb.exec(sql"COMMIT")
##
## for x in theDb.fastRows(sql"select * from myTestTbl"):
## echo x
##
## let id = theDb.tryInsertId(sql"INSERT INTO myTestTbl (name,i,f) VALUES (?,?,?)",
## "Item#1001", 1001, sqrt(1001.0))
## echo "Inserted item: ", theDb.getValue(sql"SELECT name FROM myTestTbl WHERE id=?", id)
##
## theDb.close()
import strutils, mysql
type
DbConn* = PMySQL ## encapsulates a database connection
Row* = seq[string] ## a row of a dataset. NULL database values will be
## transformed always to the empty string.
InstantRow* = tuple[row: cstringArray, len: int] ## a handle that can be
## used to get a row's
## column text on demand
EDb* = object of IOError ## exception that is raised if a database error occurs
SqlQuery* = distinct string ## an SQL query string
FDb* = object of IOEffect ## effect that denotes a database operation
FReadDb* = object of FDb ## effect that denotes a read operation
FWriteDb* = object of FDb ## effect that denotes a write operation
{.deprecated: [TRow: Row, TSqlQuery: SqlQuery, TDbConn: DbConn].}
proc sql*(query: string): SqlQuery {.noSideEffect, inline.} =
## constructs a SqlQuery from the string `query`. This is supposed to be
## used as a raw-string-literal modifier:
## ``sql"update user set counter = counter + 1"``
##
## If assertions are turned off, it does nothing. If assertions are turned
## on, later versions will check the string for valid syntax.
result = SqlQuery(query)
proc dbError(db: DbConn) {.noreturn.} =
## raises an EDb exception.
var e: ref EDb
new(e)
e.msg = $mysql.error(db)
raise e
proc dbError*(msg: string) {.noreturn.} =
## raises an EDb exception with message `msg`.
var e: ref EDb
new(e)
e.msg = msg
raise e
when false:
proc dbQueryOpt*(db: DbConn, query: string, args: varargs[string, `$`]) =
var stmt = mysql_stmt_init(db)
if stmt == nil: dbError(db)
if mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, query, len(query)) != 0:
dbError(db)
var
binding: seq[MYSQL_BIND]
discard mysql_stmt_close(stmt)
proc dbQuote*(s: string): string =
## DB quotes the string.
result = "'"
for c in items(s):
if c == '\'': add(result, "''")
else: add(result, c)
add(result, '\'')
proc dbFormat(formatstr: SqlQuery, args: varargs[string]): string =
result = ""
var a = 0
for c in items(string(formatstr)):
if c == '?':
if args[a] == nil:
add(result, "NULL")
else:
add(result, dbQuote(args[a]))
inc(a)
else:
add(result, c)
proc tryExec*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery, args: varargs[string, `$`]): bool {.
tags: [FReadDB, FWriteDb].} =
## tries to execute the query and returns true if successful, false otherwise.
var q = dbFormat(query, args)
return mysql.realQuery(db, q, q.len) == 0'i32
proc rawExec(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery, args: varargs[string, `$`]) =
var q = dbFormat(query, args)
if mysql.realQuery(db, q, q.len) != 0'i32: dbError(db)
proc exec*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery, args: varargs[string, `$`]) {.
tags: [FReadDB, FWriteDb].} =
## executes the query and raises EDB if not successful.
var q = dbFormat(query, args)
if mysql.realQuery(db, q, q.len) != 0'i32: dbError(db)
proc newRow(L: int): Row =
newSeq(result, L)
for i in 0..L-1: result[i] = ""
proc properFreeResult(sqlres: mysql.PRES, row: cstringArray) =
if row != nil:
while mysql.fetchRow(sqlres) != nil: discard
mysql.freeResult(sqlres)
iterator fastRows*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): Row {.tags: [FReadDB].} =
## executes the query and iterates over the result dataset.
##
## This is very fast, but potentially dangerous. Use this iterator only
## if you require **ALL** the rows.
##
## Breaking the fastRows() iterator during a loop will cause the next
## database query to raise an [EDb] exception ``Commands out of sync``.
rawExec(db, query, args)
var sqlres = mysql.useResult(db)
if sqlres != nil:
var L = int(mysql.numFields(sqlres))
var result = newRow(L)
var row: cstringArray
while true:
row = mysql.fetchRow(sqlres)
if row == nil: break
for i in 0..L-1:
setLen(result[i], 0)
if row[i] == nil:
result[i] = nil
else:
add(result[i], row[i])
yield result
properFreeResult(sqlres, row)
iterator instantRows*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): InstantRow
{.tags: [FReadDb].} =
## same as fastRows but returns a handle that can be used to get column text
## on demand using []. Returned handle is valid only within the interator body.
rawExec(db, query, args)
var sqlres = mysql.useResult(db)
if sqlres != nil:
let L = int(mysql.numFields(sqlres))
var row: cstringArray
while true:
row = mysql.fetchRow(sqlres)
if row == nil: break
yield (row: row, len: L)
properFreeResult(sqlres, row)
proc `[]`*(row: InstantRow, col: int): string {.inline.} =
## returns text for given column of the row
$row.row[col]
proc len*(row: InstantRow): int {.inline.} =
## returns number of columns in the row
row.len
proc getRow*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): Row {.tags: [FReadDB].} =
## retrieves a single row. If the query doesn't return any rows, this proc
## will return a Row with empty strings for each column.
rawExec(db, query, args)
var sqlres = mysql.useResult(db)
if sqlres != nil:
var L = int(mysql.numFields(sqlres))
result = newRow(L)
var row = mysql.fetchRow(sqlres)
if row != nil:
for i in 0..L-1:
setLen(result[i], 0)
if row[i] == nil:
result[i] = nil
else:
add(result[i], row[i])
properFreeResult(sqlres, row)
proc getAllRows*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): seq[Row] {.tags: [FReadDB].} =
## executes the query and returns the whole result dataset.
result = @[]
rawExec(db, query, args)
var sqlres = mysql.useResult(db)
if sqlres != nil:
var L = int(mysql.numFields(sqlres))
var row: cstringArray
var j = 0
while true:
row = mysql.fetchRow(sqlres)
if row == nil: break
setLen(result, j+1)
newSeq(result[j], L)
for i in 0..L-1:
if row[i] == nil:
result[j][i] = nil
else:
result[j][i] = $row[i]
inc(j)
mysql.freeResult(sqlres)
iterator rows*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): Row {.tags: [FReadDB].} =
## same as `fastRows`, but slower and safe.
for r in items(getAllRows(db, query, args)): yield r
proc getValue*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): string {.tags: [FReadDB].} =
## executes the query and returns the first column of the first row of the
## result dataset. Returns "" if the dataset contains no rows or the database
## value is NULL.
result = getRow(db, query, args)[0]
proc tryInsertId*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): int64 {.tags: [FWriteDb].} =
## executes the query (typically "INSERT") and returns the
## generated ID for the row or -1 in case of an error.
var q = dbFormat(query, args)
if mysql.realQuery(db, q, q.len) != 0'i32:
result = -1'i64
else:
result = mysql.insertId(db)
proc insertId*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): int64 {.tags: [FWriteDb].} =
## executes the query (typically "INSERT") and returns the
## generated ID for the row.
result = tryInsertID(db, query, args)
if result < 0: dbError(db)
proc execAffectedRows*(db: DbConn, query: SqlQuery,
args: varargs[string, `$`]): int64 {.
tags: [FReadDB, FWriteDb].} =
## runs the query (typically "UPDATE") and returns the
## number of affected rows
rawExec(db, query, args)
result = mysql.affectedRows(db)
proc close*(db: DbConn) {.tags: [FDb].} =
## closes the database connection.
if db != nil: mysql.close(db)
proc open*(connection, user, password, database: string): DbConn {.
tags: [FDb].} =
## opens a database connection. Raises `EDb` if the connection could not
## be established.
result = mysql.init(nil)
if result == nil: dbError("could not open database connection")
let
colonPos = connection.find(':')
host = if colonPos < 0: connection
else: substr(connection, 0, colonPos-1)
port: int32 = if colonPos < 0: 0'i32
else: substr(connection, colonPos+1).parseInt.int32
if mysql.realConnect(result, host, user, password, database,
port, nil, 0) == nil:
var errmsg = $mysql.error(result)
db_mysql.close(result)
dbError(errmsg)
proc setEncoding*(connection: DbConn, encoding: string): bool {.
tags: [FDb].} =
## sets the encoding of a database connection, returns true for
## success, false for failure.
result = mysql.set_character_set(connection, encoding) == 0