Nim/lib/pure/asynchttpserver.nim

#
#
#            Nim's Runtime Library
#        (c) Copyright 2015 Dominik Picheta
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

## This module implements a high performance asynchronous HTTP server.
##
## Examples
## --------
##
## This example will create an HTTP server on port 8080. The server will
## respond to all requests with a ``200 OK`` response code and "Hello World"
## as the response body.
##
## .. code-block::nim
##    import asynchttpserver, asyncdispatch
##
##    var server = newAsyncHttpServer()
##    proc cb(req: Request) {.async.} =
##      await req.respond(Http200, "Hello World")
##
##    waitFor server.serve(Port(8080), cb)

import strtabs, asyncnet, asyncdispatch, parseutils, uri, strutils
type
  Request* = object
    client*: AsyncSocket # TODO: Separate this into a Response object?
    reqMethod*: string
    headers*: StringTableRef
    protocol*: tuple[orig: string, major, minor: int]
    url*: Uri
    hostname*: string ## The hostname of the client that made the request.
    body*: string

  AsyncHttpServer* = ref object
    socket: AsyncSocket
    reuseAddr: bool

  HttpCode* = enum
    Http100 = "100 Continue",
    Http101 = "101 Switching Protocols",
    Http200 = "200 OK",
    Http201 = "201 Created",
    Http202 = "202 Accepted",
    Http204 = "204 No Content",
    Http205 = "205 Reset Content",
    Http206 = "206 Partial Content",
    Http300 = "300 Multiple Choices",
    Http301 = "301 Moved Permanently",
    Http302 = "302 Found",
    Http303 = "303 See Other",
    Http304 = "304 Not Modified",
    Http305 = "305 Use Proxy",
    Http307 = "307 Temporary Redirect",
    Http400 = "400 Bad Request",
    Http401 = "401 Unauthorized",
    Http403 = "403 Forbidden",
    Http404 = "404 Not Found",
    Http405 = "405 Method Not Allowed",
    Http406 = "406 Not Acceptable",
    Http407 = "407 Proxy Authentication Required",
    Http408 = "408 Request Timeout",
    Http409 = "409 Conflict",
    Http410 = "410 Gone",
    Http411 = "411 Length Required",
    Http412 = "412 Precondition Failed",
    Http413 = "413 Request Entity Too Large",
    Http414 = "414 Request-URI Too Long",
    Http415 = "415 Unsupported Media Type",
    Http416 = "416 Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
    Http417 = "417 Expectation Failed",
    Http418 = "418 I'm a teapot",
    Http500 = "500 Internal Server Error",
    Http501 = "501 Not Implemented",
    Http502 = "502 Bad Gateway",
    Http503 = "503 Service Unavailable",
    Http504 = "504 Gateway Timeout",
    Http505 = "505 HTTP Version Not Supported"

  HttpVersion* = enum
    HttpVer11,
    HttpVer10

{.deprecated: [TRequest: Request, PAsyncHttpServer: AsyncHttpServer,
  THttpCode: HttpCode, THttpVersion: HttpVersion].}

proc `==`*(protocol: tuple[orig: string, major, minor: int],
           ver: HttpVersion): bool =
  let major =
    case ver
    of HttpVer11, HttpVer10: 1
  let minor =
    case ver
    of HttpVer11: 1
    of HttpVer10: 0
  result = protocol.major == major and protocol.minor == minor

proc newAsyncHttpServer*(reuseAddr = true): AsyncHttpServer =
  ## Creates a new ``AsyncHttpServer`` instance.
  new result
  result.reuseAddr = reuseAddr

proc addHeaders(msg: var string, headers: StringTableRef) =
  for k, v in headers:
    msg.add(k & ": " & v & "\c\L")

proc sendHeaders*(req: Request, headers: StringTableRef): Future[void] =
  ## Sends the specified headers to the requesting client.
  var msg = ""
  addHeaders(msg, headers)
  return req.client.send(msg)

proc respond*(req: Request, code: HttpCode, content: string,
              headers: StringTableRef = nil): Future[void] =
  ## Responds to the request with the specified ``HttpCode``, headers and
  ## content.
  ##
  ## This procedure will **not** close the client socket.
  var msg = "HTTP/1.1 " & $code & "\c\L"

  if headers != nil:
    msg.addHeaders(headers)
  msg.add("Content-Length: " & $content.len & "\c\L\c\L")
  msg.add(content)
  result = req.client.send(msg)

proc parseHeader(line: string): tuple[key, value: string] =
  var i = 0
  i = line.parseUntil(result.key, ':')
  inc(i) # skip :
  if i < len(line):
    i += line.skipWhiteSpace(i)
    i += line.parseUntil(result.value, {'\c', '\L'}, i)
  else:
    result.value = ""

proc parseProtocol(protocol: string): tuple[orig: string, major, minor: int] =
  var i = protocol.skipIgnoreCase("HTTP/")
  if i != 5:
    raise newException(ValueError, "Invalid request protocol. Got: " &
        protocol)
  result.orig = protocol
  i.inc protocol.parseInt(result.major, i)
  i.inc # Skip .
  i.inc protocol.parseInt(result.minor, i)

proc sendStatus(client: AsyncSocket, status: string): Future[void] =
  client.send("HTTP/1.1 " & status & "\c\L")

proc processClient(client: AsyncSocket, address: string,
                   callback: proc (request: Request):
                      Future[void] {.closure, gcsafe.}) {.async.} =
  var request: Request
  request.url = initUri()
  request.headers = newStringTable(modeCaseInsensitive)
  var lineFut = newFutureVar[string]("asynchttpserver.processClient")
  lineFut.mget() = newStringOfCap(80)
  var key, value = ""

  while not client.isClosed:
    # GET /path HTTP/1.1
    # Header: val
    # \n
    request.headers.clear(modeCaseInsensitive)
    request.body = ""
    request.hostname.shallowCopy(address)
    assert client != nil
    request.client = client

    # First line - GET /path HTTP/1.1
    lineFut.mget().setLen(0)
    lineFut.clean()
    await client.recvLineInto(lineFut) # TODO: Timeouts.
    if lineFut.mget == "":
      client.close()
      return

    var i = 0
    for linePart in lineFut.mget.split(' '):
      case i
      of 0: request.reqMethod.shallowCopy(linePart.normalize)
      of 1: parseUri(linePart, request.url)
      of 2:
        try:
          request.protocol = parseProtocol(linePart)
        except ValueError:
          asyncCheck request.respond(Http400,
            "Invalid request protocol. Got: " & linePart)
          continue
      else:
        await request.respond(Http400, "Invalid request. Got: " & lineFut.mget)
        continue
      inc i

    # Headers
    while true:
      i = 0
      lineFut.mget.setLen(0)
      lineFut.clean()
      await client.recvLineInto(lineFut)

      if lineFut.mget == "":
        client.close(); return
      if lineFut.mget == "\c\L": break
      let (key, value) = parseHeader(lineFut.mget)
      request.headers[key] = value

    if request.reqMethod == "post":
      # Check for Expect header
      if request.headers.hasKey("Expect"):
        if request.headers.getOrDefault("Expect").toLower == "100-continue":
          await client.sendStatus("100 Continue")
        else:
          await client.sendStatus("417 Expectation Failed")

      # Read the body
      # - Check for Content-length header
      if request.headers.hasKey("Content-Length"):
        var contentLength = 0
        if parseInt(request.headers.getOrDefault("Content-Length"),
                    contentLength) == 0:
          await request.respond(Http400, "Bad Request. Invalid Content-Length.")
          continue
        else:
          request.body = await client.recv(contentLength)
          assert request.body.len == contentLength
      else:
        await request.respond(Http400, "Bad Request. No Content-Length.")
        continue

    case request.reqMethod
    of "get", "post", "head", "put", "delete", "trace", "options",
       "connect", "patch":
      await callback(request)
    else:
      await request.respond(Http400, "Invalid request method. Got: " &
        request.reqMethod)

    # Persistent connections
    if (request.protocol == HttpVer11 and
        request.headers.getOrDefault("connection").normalize != "close") or
       (request.protocol == HttpVer10 and
        request.headers.getOrDefault("connection").normalize == "keep-alive"):
      # In HTTP 1.1 we assume that connection is persistent. Unless connection
      # header states otherwise.
      # In HTTP 1.0 we assume that the connection should not be persistent.
      # Unless the connection header states otherwise.
      discard
    else:
      request.client.close()
      break

proc serve*(server: AsyncHttpServer, port: Port,
            callback: proc (request: Request): Future[void] {.closure,gcsafe.},
            address = "") {.async.} =
  ## Starts the process of listening for incoming HTTP connections on the
  ## specified address and port.
  ##
  ## When a request is made by a client the specified callback will be called.
  server.socket = newAsyncSocket()
  if server.reuseAddr:
    server.socket.setSockOpt(OptReuseAddr, true)
  server.socket.bindAddr(port, address)
  server.socket.listen()

  while true:
    # TODO: Causes compiler crash.
    #var (address, client) = await server.socket.acceptAddr()
    var fut = await server.socket.acceptAddr()
    asyncCheck processClient(fut.client, fut.address, callback)
    #echo(f.isNil)
    #echo(f.repr)

proc close*(server: AsyncHttpServer) =
  ## Terminates the async http server instance.
  server.socket.close()

when not defined(testing) and isMainModule:
  proc main =
    var server = newAsyncHttpServer()
    proc cb(req: Request) {.async.} =
      #echo(req.reqMethod, " ", req.url)
      #echo(req.headers)
      let headers = {"Date": "Tue, 29 Apr 2014 23:40:08 GMT",
          "Content-type": "text/plain; charset=utf-8"}
      await req.respond(Http200, "Hello World", headers.newStringTable())

    asyncCheck server.serve(Port(5555), cb)
    runForever()
  main()