Nim/lib/pure/nativesockets.nim

#
#
#            Nim's Runtime Library
#        (c) Copyright 2015 Dominik Picheta
#
#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
#

## This module implements a low-level cross-platform sockets interface. Look
## at the ``net`` module for the higher-level version.

# TODO: Clean up the exports a bit and everything else in general.

import os, options

when hostOS == "solaris":
  {.passl: "-lsocket -lnsl".}

const useWinVersion = defined(Windows) or defined(nimdoc)

when useWinVersion:
  import winlean
  export WSAEWOULDBLOCK, WSAECONNRESET, WSAECONNABORTED, WSAENETRESET,
         WSANOTINITIALISED, WSAENOTSOCK, WSAEINPROGRESS, WSAEINTR,
         WSAEDISCON, ERROR_NETNAME_DELETED
else:
  import posix
  export fcntl, F_GETFL, O_NONBLOCK, F_SETFL, EAGAIN, EWOULDBLOCK, MSG_NOSIGNAL,
    EINTR, EINPROGRESS, ECONNRESET, EPIPE, ENETRESET, EBADF
  export Sockaddr_storage, Sockaddr_un, Sockaddr_un_path_length

export SocketHandle, Sockaddr_in, Addrinfo, INADDR_ANY, SockAddr, SockLen,
  Sockaddr_in6, Sockaddr_storage,
  inet_ntoa, recv, `==`, connect, send, accept, recvfrom, sendto,
  freeAddrInfo

export
  SO_ERROR,
  SOL_SOCKET,
  SOMAXCONN,
  SO_ACCEPTCONN, SO_BROADCAST, SO_DEBUG, SO_DONTROUTE,
  SO_KEEPALIVE, SO_OOBINLINE, SO_REUSEADDR, SO_REUSEPORT,
  MSG_PEEK

when defined(macosx) and not defined(nimdoc):
  export SO_NOSIGPIPE

type
  Port* = distinct uint16 ## port type

  Domain* = enum ## \
    ## domain, which specifies the protocol family of the
    ## created socket. Other domains than those that are listed
    ## here are unsupported.
    AF_UNSPEC = 0, ## unspecified domain (can be detected automatically by
                   ## some procedures, such as getaddrinfo)
    AF_UNIX = 1,   ## for local socket (using a file). Unsupported on Windows.
    AF_INET = 2,   ## for network protocol IPv4 or
    AF_INET6 = when defined(macosx): 30 else: 23 ## for network protocol IPv6.

  SockType* = enum     ## second argument to `socket` proc
    SOCK_STREAM = 1,   ## reliable stream-oriented service or Stream Sockets
    SOCK_DGRAM = 2,    ## datagram service or Datagram Sockets
    SOCK_RAW = 3,      ## raw protocols atop the network layer.
    SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5 ## reliable sequenced packet service

  Protocol* = enum    ## third argument to `socket` proc
    IPPROTO_TCP = 6,  ## Transmission control protocol.
    IPPROTO_UDP = 17, ## User datagram protocol.
    IPPROTO_IP,       ## Internet protocol. Unsupported on Windows.
    IPPROTO_IPV6,     ## Internet Protocol Version 6. Unsupported on Windows.
    IPPROTO_RAW,      ## Raw IP Packets Protocol. Unsupported on Windows.
    IPPROTO_ICMP      ## Control message protocol. Unsupported on Windows.
    IPPROTO_ICMPV6    ## Control message protocol for IPv6. Unsupported on Windows.

  Servent* = object ## information about a service
    name*: string
    aliases*: seq[string]
    port*: Port
    proto*: string

  Hostent* = object ## information about a given host
    name*: string
    aliases*: seq[string]
    addrtype*: Domain
    length*: int
    addrList*: seq[string]

when useWinVersion:
  let
    osInvalidSocket* = winlean.INVALID_SOCKET

  const
    IOCPARM_MASK* = 127
    IOC_IN* = int(-2147483648)
    FIONBIO* = IOC_IN.int32 or ((sizeof(int32) and IOCPARM_MASK) shl 16) or
               (102 shl 8) or 126
    nativeAfInet = winlean.AF_INET
    nativeAfInet6 = winlean.AF_INET6

  proc ioctlsocket*(s: SocketHandle, cmd: clong,
                   argptr: ptr clong): cint {.
                   stdcall, importc: "ioctlsocket", dynlib: "ws2_32.dll".}
else:
  let
    osInvalidSocket* = posix.INVALID_SOCKET
    nativeAfInet = posix.AF_INET
    nativeAfInet6 = posix.AF_INET6
    nativeAfUnix = posix.AF_UNIX

proc `==`*(a, b: Port): bool {.borrow.}
  ## ``==`` for ports.

proc `$`*(p: Port): string {.borrow.}
  ## returns the port number as a string

proc toInt*(domain: Domain): cint
  ## Converts the Domain enum to a platform-dependent ``cint``.

proc toInt*(typ: SockType): cint
  ## Converts the SockType enum to a platform-dependent ``cint``.

proc toInt*(p: Protocol): cint
  ## Converts the Protocol enum to a platform-dependent ``cint``.

when not useWinVersion:
  proc toInt(domain: Domain): cint =
    case domain
    of AF_UNSPEC: result = posix.AF_UNSPEC.cint
    of AF_UNIX: result = posix.AF_UNIX.cint
    of AF_INET: result = posix.AF_INET.cint
    of AF_INET6: result = posix.AF_INET6.cint

  proc toKnownDomain*(family: cint): Option[Domain] =
    ## Converts the platform-dependent ``cint`` to the Domain or none(),
    ## if the ``cint`` is not known.
    result = if family == posix.AF_UNSPEC: some(Domain.AF_UNSPEC)
             elif family == posix.AF_UNIX: some(Domain.AF_UNIX)
             elif family == posix.AF_INET: some(Domain.AF_INET)
             elif family == posix.AF_INET6: some(Domain.AF_INET6)
             else: none(Domain)

  proc toInt(typ: SockType): cint =
    case typ
    of SOCK_STREAM: result = posix.SOCK_STREAM
    of SOCK_DGRAM: result = posix.SOCK_DGRAM
    of SOCK_SEQPACKET: result = posix.SOCK_SEQPACKET
    of SOCK_RAW: result = posix.SOCK_RAW

  proc toInt(p: Protocol): cint =
    case p
    of IPPROTO_TCP: result = posix.IPPROTO_TCP
    of IPPROTO_UDP: result = posix.IPPROTO_UDP
    of IPPROTO_IP: result = posix.IPPROTO_IP
    of IPPROTO_IPV6: result = posix.IPPROTO_IPV6
    of IPPROTO_RAW: result = posix.IPPROTO_RAW
    of IPPROTO_ICMP: result = posix.IPPROTO_ICMP
    of IPPROTO_ICMPV6: result = posix.IPPROTO_ICMPV6

else:
  proc toInt(domain: Domain): cint =
    result = toU32(ord(domain)).cint

  proc toKnownDomain*(family: cint): Option[Domain] =
    ## Converts the platform-dependent ``cint`` to the Domain or none(),
    ## if the ``cint`` is not known.
    result = if family == winlean.AF_UNSPEC: some(Domain.AF_UNSPEC)
             elif family == winlean.AF_INET: some(Domain.AF_INET)
             elif family == winlean.AF_INET6: some(Domain.AF_INET6)
             else: none(Domain)

  proc toInt(typ: SockType): cint =
    result = cint(ord(typ))

  proc toInt(p: Protocol): cint =
    result = cint(ord(p))

proc toSockType*(protocol: Protocol): SockType =
  result = case protocol
  of IPPROTO_TCP:
    SOCK_STREAM
  of IPPROTO_UDP:
    SOCK_DGRAM
  of IPPROTO_IP, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPPROTO_RAW, IPPROTO_ICMP, IPPROTO_ICMPV6:
    SOCK_RAW

proc close*(socket: SocketHandle) =
  ## closes a socket.
  when useWinVersion:
    discard winlean.closesocket(socket)
  else:
    discard posix.close(socket)
  # TODO: These values should not be discarded. An OSError should be raised.
  # http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12463473/what-happens-if-you-call-close-on-a-bsd-socket-multiple-times

when declared(setInheritable) or defined(nimdoc):
  proc setInheritable*(s: SocketHandle, inheritable: bool): bool {.inline.} =
    ## Set whether a socket is inheritable by child processes. Returns `true`
    ## on success.
    ##
    ## This function is not implemented on all platform, test for availability
    ## with `declared() <system.html#declared,untyped>`.
    setInheritable(FileHandle s, inheritable)

proc createNativeSocket*(domain: cint, sockType: cint, protocol: cint,
                         inheritable: bool = defined(nimInheritHandles)): SocketHandle =
  ## Creates a new socket; returns `osInvalidSocket` if an error occurs.
  ##
  ## `inheritable` decides if the resulting SocketHandle can be inherited
  ## by child processes.
  ##
  ## Use this overload if one of the enums specified above does
  ## not contain what you need.
  let sockType =
    when (defined(linux) or defined(bsd)) and not defined(nimdoc):
      if inheritable: sockType and not SOCK_CLOEXEC else: sockType or SOCK_CLOEXEC
    else:
      sockType
  result = socket(domain, sockType, protocol)
  when declared(setInheritable) and not (defined(linux) or defined(bsd)):
    if not setInheritable(result, inheritable):
      close result
      return osInvalidSocket

proc createNativeSocket*(domain: Domain = AF_INET,
                         sockType: SockType = SOCK_STREAM,
                         protocol: Protocol = IPPROTO_TCP,
                         inheritable: bool = defined(nimInheritHandles)): SocketHandle =
  ## Creates a new socket; returns `osInvalidSocket` if an error occurs.
  ##
  ## `inheritable` decides if the resulting SocketHandle can be inherited
  ## by child processes.
  createNativeSocket(toInt(domain), toInt(sockType), toInt(protocol))

proc newNativeSocket*(domain: Domain = AF_INET,
                      sockType: SockType = SOCK_STREAM,
                      protocol: Protocol = IPPROTO_TCP): SocketHandle
                      {.deprecated: "deprecated since v0.18.0; use 'createNativeSocket' instead".} =
  ## Creates a new socket; returns `osInvalidSocket` if an error occurs.
  createNativeSocket(domain, sockType, protocol)

proc newNativeSocket*(domain: cint, sockType: cint,
                      protocol: cint): SocketHandle
                      {.deprecated: "deprecated since v0.18.0; use 'createNativeSocket' instead".} =
  ## Creates a new socket; returns `osInvalidSocket` if an error occurs.
  ##
  ## Use this overload if one of the enums specified above does
  ## not contain what you need.
  createNativeSocket(domain, sockType, protocol)

proc bindAddr*(socket: SocketHandle, name: ptr SockAddr,
    namelen: SockLen): cint =
  result = bindSocket(socket, name, namelen)

proc listen*(socket: SocketHandle, backlog = SOMAXCONN): cint {.tags: [
    ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## Marks ``socket`` as accepting connections.
  ## ``Backlog`` specifies the maximum length of the
  ## queue of pending connections.
  when useWinVersion:
    result = winlean.listen(socket, cint(backlog))
  else:
    result = posix.listen(socket, cint(backlog))

proc getAddrInfo*(address: string, port: Port, domain: Domain = AF_INET,
                  sockType: SockType = SOCK_STREAM,
                  protocol: Protocol = IPPROTO_TCP): ptr AddrInfo =
  ##
  ##
  ## **Warning**: The resulting ``ptr AddrInfo`` must be freed using ``freeAddrInfo``!
  var hints: AddrInfo
  result = nil
  hints.ai_family = toInt(domain)
  hints.ai_socktype = toInt(sockType)
  hints.ai_protocol = toInt(protocol)
  # OpenBSD doesn't support AI_V4MAPPED and doesn't define the macro AI_V4MAPPED.
  # FreeBSD, Haiku don't support AI_V4MAPPED but defines the macro.
  # https://bugs.freebsd.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=198092
  # https://dev.haiku-os.org/ticket/14323
  when not defined(freebsd) and not defined(openbsd) and not defined(netbsd) and
      not defined(android) and not defined(haiku):
    if domain == AF_INET6:
      hints.ai_flags = AI_V4MAPPED
  let socketPort = if sockType == SOCK_RAW: "" else: $port
  var gaiResult = getaddrinfo(address, socketPort, addr(hints), result)
  if gaiResult != 0'i32:
    when useWinVersion:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    else:
      raiseOSError(osLastError(), $gai_strerror(gaiResult))

proc ntohl*(x: uint32): uint32 =
  ## Converts 32-bit unsigned integers from network to host byte order.
  ## On machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order,
  ## this is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
  when cpuEndian == bigEndian: result = x
  else: result = (x shr 24'u32) or
                  (x shr 8'u32 and 0xff00'u32) or
                  (x shl 8'u32 and 0xff0000'u32) or
                  (x shl 24'u32)

proc ntohs*(x: uint16): uint16 =
  ## Converts 16-bit unsigned integers from network to host byte order. On
  ## machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order,
  ## this is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
  when cpuEndian == bigEndian: result = x
  else: result = (x shr 8'u16) or (x shl 8'u16)

template htonl*(x: uint32): untyped =
  ## Converts 32-bit unsigned integers from host to network byte order. On
  ## machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte order,
  ## this is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 4-byte swap operation.
  nativesockets.ntohl(x)

template htons*(x: uint16): untyped =
  ## Converts 16-bit unsigned integers from host to network byte order.
  ## On machines where the host byte order is the same as network byte
  ## order, this is a no-op; otherwise, it performs a 2-byte swap operation.
  nativesockets.ntohs(x)

proc getServByName*(name, proto: string): Servent {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## Searches the database from the beginning and finds the first entry for
  ## which the service name specified by ``name`` matches the s_name member
  ## and the protocol name specified by ``proto`` matches the s_proto member.
  ##
  ## On posix this will search through the ``/etc/services`` file.
  when useWinVersion:
    var s = winlean.getservbyname(name, proto)
  else:
    var s = posix.getservbyname(name, proto)
  if s == nil: raiseOSError(osLastError(), "Service not found.")
  result.name = $s.s_name
  result.aliases = cstringArrayToSeq(s.s_aliases)
  result.port = Port(s.s_port)
  result.proto = $s.s_proto

proc getServByPort*(port: Port, proto: string): Servent {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## Searches the database from the beginning and finds the first entry for
  ## which the port specified by ``port`` matches the s_port member and the
  ## protocol name specified by ``proto`` matches the s_proto member.
  ##
  ## On posix this will search through the ``/etc/services`` file.
  when useWinVersion:
    var s = winlean.getservbyport(ze(int16(port)).cint, proto)
  else:
    var s = posix.getservbyport(ze(int16(port)).cint, proto)
  if s == nil: raiseOSError(osLastError(), "Service not found.")
  result.name = $s.s_name
  result.aliases = cstringArrayToSeq(s.s_aliases)
  result.port = Port(s.s_port)
  result.proto = $s.s_proto

proc getHostByAddr*(ip: string): Hostent {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## This function will lookup the hostname of an IP Address.
  var myaddr: InAddr
  myaddr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip)

  when useWinVersion:
    var s = winlean.gethostbyaddr(addr(myaddr), sizeof(myaddr).cuint,
                                  cint(AF_INET))
    if s == nil: raiseOSError(osLastError())
  else:
    var s =
      when defined(android4):
        posix.gethostbyaddr(cast[cstring](addr(myaddr)), sizeof(myaddr).cint,
                            cint(posix.AF_INET))
      else:
        posix.gethostbyaddr(addr(myaddr), sizeof(myaddr).SockLen,
                            cint(posix.AF_INET))
    if s == nil:
      raiseOSError(osLastError(), $hstrerror(h_errno))

  result.name = $s.h_name
  result.aliases = cstringArrayToSeq(s.h_aliases)
  when useWinVersion:
    result.addrtype = Domain(s.h_addrtype)
  else:
    if s.h_addrtype == posix.AF_INET:
      result.addrtype = AF_INET
    elif s.h_addrtype == posix.AF_INET6:
      result.addrtype = AF_INET6
    else:
      raiseOSError(osLastError(), "unknown h_addrtype")
  if result.addrtype == AF_INET:
    result.addrList = @[]
    var i = 0
    while not isNil(s.h_addr_list[i]):
      var inaddrPtr = cast[ptr InAddr](s.h_addr_list[i])
      result.addrList.add($inet_ntoa(inaddrPtr[]))
      inc(i)
  else:
    result.addrList = cstringArrayToSeq(s.h_addr_list)
  result.length = int(s.h_length)

proc getHostByName*(name: string): Hostent {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## This function will lookup the IP address of a hostname.
  when useWinVersion:
    var s = winlean.gethostbyname(name)
  else:
    var s = posix.gethostbyname(name)
  if s == nil: raiseOSError(osLastError())
  result.name = $s.h_name
  result.aliases = cstringArrayToSeq(s.h_aliases)
  when useWinVersion:
    result.addrtype = Domain(s.h_addrtype)
  else:
    if s.h_addrtype == posix.AF_INET:
      result.addrtype = AF_INET
    elif s.h_addrtype == posix.AF_INET6:
      result.addrtype = AF_INET6
    else:
      raiseOSError(osLastError(), "unknown h_addrtype")
  if result.addrtype == AF_INET:
    result.addrList = @[]
    var i = 0
    while not isNil(s.h_addr_list[i]):
      var inaddrPtr = cast[ptr InAddr](s.h_addr_list[i])
      result.addrList.add($inet_ntoa(inaddrPtr[]))
      inc(i)
  else:
    result.addrList = cstringArrayToSeq(s.h_addr_list)
  result.length = int(s.h_length)

proc getHostname*(): string {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## Returns the local hostname (not the FQDN)
  # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1035#section-2.3.1
  # https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2181#section-11
  const size = 64
  result = newString(size)
  when useWinVersion:
    let success = winlean.gethostname(result, size)
  else:
    # Posix
    let success = posix.gethostname(result, size)
  if success != 0.cint:
    raiseOSError(osLastError())
  let x = len(cstring(result))
  result.setLen(x)

proc getSockDomain*(socket: SocketHandle): Domain =
  ## returns the socket's domain (AF_INET or AF_INET6).
  var name: Sockaddr_in6
  var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
  if getsockname(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                 addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
    raiseOSError(osLastError())
  try:
    result = toKnownDomain(name.sin6_family.cint).get()
  except UnpackError:
    raise newException(IOError, "Unknown socket family in getSockDomain")

proc getAddrString*(sockAddr: ptr SockAddr): string =
  ## return the string representation of address within sockAddr
  if sockAddr.sa_family.cint == nativeAfInet:
    result = $inet_ntoa(cast[ptr Sockaddr_in](sockAddr).sin_addr)
  elif sockAddr.sa_family.cint == nativeAfInet6:
    let addrLen = when not useWinVersion: posix.INET6_ADDRSTRLEN
                  else: 46 # it's actually 46 in both cases
    result = newString(addrLen)
    let addr6 = addr cast[ptr Sockaddr_in6](sockAddr).sin6_addr
    when not useWinVersion:
      if posix.inet_ntop(posix.AF_INET6, addr6, addr result[0],
                         result.len.int32) == nil:
        raiseOSError(osLastError())
      if posix.IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(addr6) != 0:
        result = result.substr("::ffff:".len)
    else:
      if winlean.inet_ntop(winlean.AF_INET6, addr6, addr result[0],
                           result.len.int32) == nil:
        raiseOSError(osLastError())
    setLen(result, len(cstring(result)))
  else:
    when defined(posix) and not defined(nimdoc):
      if sockAddr.sa_family.cint == nativeAfUnix:
        return "unix"
    raise newException(IOError, "Unknown socket family in getAddrString")

when defined(posix) and not defined(nimdoc):
  proc makeUnixAddr*(path: string): Sockaddr_un =
    result.sun_family = AF_UNIX.TSa_Family
    if path.len >= Sockaddr_un_path_length:
      raise newException(ValueError, "socket path too long")
    copyMem(addr result.sun_path, path.cstring, path.len + 1)

proc getSockName*(socket: SocketHandle): Port =
  ## returns the socket's associated port number.
  var name: Sockaddr_in
  when useWinVersion:
    name.sin_family = uint16(ord(AF_INET))
  else:
    name.sin_family = TSa_Family(posix.AF_INET)
  #name.sin_port = htons(cint16(port))
  #name.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY)
  var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
  if getsockname(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                 addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
    raiseOSError(osLastError())
  result = Port(nativesockets.ntohs(name.sin_port))

proc getLocalAddr*(socket: SocketHandle, domain: Domain): (string, Port) =
  ## returns the socket's local address and port number.
  ##
  ## Similar to POSIX's `getsockname`:idx:.
  case domain
  of AF_INET:
    var name: Sockaddr_in
    when useWinVersion:
      name.sin_family = uint16(ord(AF_INET))
    else:
      name.sin_family = TSa_Family(posix.AF_INET)
    var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
    if getsockname(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                   addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    result = ($inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),
              Port(nativesockets.ntohs(name.sin_port)))
  of AF_INET6:
    var name: Sockaddr_in6
    when useWinVersion:
      name.sin6_family = uint16(ord(AF_INET6))
    else:
      name.sin6_family = TSa_Family(posix.AF_INET6)
    var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
    if getsockname(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                   addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    # Cannot use INET6_ADDRSTRLEN here, because it's a C define.
    result[0] = newString(64)
    if inet_ntop(name.sin6_family.cint,
        addr name.sin6_addr, addr result[0][0], (result[0].len+1).int32).isNil:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    setLen(result[0], result[0].cstring.len)
    result[1] = Port(nativesockets.ntohs(name.sin6_port))
  else:
    raiseOSError(OSErrorCode(-1), "invalid socket family in getLocalAddr")

proc getPeerAddr*(socket: SocketHandle, domain: Domain): (string, Port) =
  ## returns the socket's peer address and port number.
  ##
  ## Similar to POSIX's `getpeername`:idx:
  case domain
  of AF_INET:
    var name: Sockaddr_in
    when useWinVersion:
      name.sin_family = uint16(ord(AF_INET))
    else:
      name.sin_family = TSa_Family(posix.AF_INET)
    var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
    if getpeername(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                   addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    result = ($inet_ntoa(name.sin_addr),
              Port(nativesockets.ntohs(name.sin_port)))
  of AF_INET6:
    var name: Sockaddr_in6
    when useWinVersion:
      name.sin6_family = uint16(ord(AF_INET6))
    else:
      name.sin6_family = TSa_Family(posix.AF_INET6)
    var namelen = sizeof(name).SockLen
    if getpeername(socket, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(name)),
                   addr(namelen)) == -1'i32:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    # Cannot use INET6_ADDRSTRLEN here, because it's a C define.
    result[0] = newString(64)
    if inet_ntop(name.sin6_family.cint,
        addr name.sin6_addr, addr result[0][0], (result[0].len+1).int32).isNil:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    setLen(result[0], result[0].cstring.len)
    result[1] = Port(nativesockets.ntohs(name.sin6_port))
  else:
    raiseOSError(OSErrorCode(-1), "invalid socket family in getLocalAddr")

proc getSockOptInt*(socket: SocketHandle, level, optname: int): int {.
  tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## getsockopt for integer options.
  var res: cint
  var size = sizeof(res).SockLen
  if getsockopt(socket, cint(level), cint(optname),
                addr(res), addr(size)) < 0'i32:
    raiseOSError(osLastError())
  result = int(res)

proc setSockOptInt*(socket: SocketHandle, level, optname, optval: int) {.
  tags: [WriteIOEffect].} =
  ## setsockopt for integer options.
  var value = cint(optval)
  if setsockopt(socket, cint(level), cint(optname), addr(value),
                sizeof(value).SockLen) < 0'i32:
    raiseOSError(osLastError())

proc setBlocking*(s: SocketHandle, blocking: bool) =
  ## Sets blocking mode on socket.
  ##
  ## Raises OSError on error.
  when useWinVersion:
    var mode = clong(ord(not blocking)) # 1 for non-blocking, 0 for blocking
    if ioctlsocket(s, FIONBIO, addr(mode)) == -1:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
  else: # BSD sockets
    var x: int = fcntl(s, F_GETFL, 0)
    if x == -1:
      raiseOSError(osLastError())
    else:
      var mode = if blocking: x and not O_NONBLOCK else: x or O_NONBLOCK
      if fcntl(s, F_SETFL, mode) == -1:
        raiseOSError(osLastError())

proc timeValFromMilliseconds(timeout = 500): Timeval =
  if timeout != -1:
    var seconds = timeout div 1000
    when useWinVersion:
      result.tv_sec = seconds.int32
      result.tv_usec = ((timeout - seconds * 1000) * 1000).int32
    else:
      result.tv_sec = seconds.Time
      result.tv_usec = ((timeout - seconds * 1000) * 1000).Suseconds

proc createFdSet(fd: var TFdSet, s: seq[SocketHandle], m: var int) =
  FD_ZERO(fd)
  for i in items(s):
    m = max(m, int(i))
    FD_SET(i, fd)

proc pruneSocketSet(s: var seq[SocketHandle], fd: var TFdSet) =
  var i = 0
  var L = s.len
  while i < L:
    if FD_ISSET(s[i], fd) == 0'i32:
      s[i] = s[L-1]
      dec(L)
    else:
      inc(i)
  setLen(s, L)

proc selectRead*(readfds: var seq[SocketHandle], timeout = 500): int =
  ## When a socket in ``readfds`` is ready to be read from then a non-zero
  ## value will be returned specifying the count of the sockets which can be
  ## read from. The sockets which can be read from will also be removed
  ## from ``readfds``.
  ##
  ## ``timeout`` is specified in milliseconds and ``-1`` can be specified for
  ## an unlimited time.
  var tv {.noinit.}: Timeval = timeValFromMilliseconds(timeout)

  var rd: TFdSet
  var m = 0
  createFdSet((rd), readfds, m)

  if timeout != -1:
    result = int(select(cint(m+1), addr(rd), nil, nil, addr(tv)))
  else:
    result = int(select(cint(m+1), addr(rd), nil, nil, nil))

  pruneSocketSet(readfds, (rd))

proc selectWrite*(writefds: var seq[SocketHandle],
                  timeout = 500): int {.tags: [ReadIOEffect].} =
  ## When a socket in ``writefds`` is ready to be written to then a non-zero
  ## value will be returned specifying the count of the sockets which can be
  ## written to. The sockets which can be written to will also be removed
  ## from ``writefds``.
  ##
  ## ``timeout`` is specified in milliseconds and ``-1`` can be specified for
  ## an unlimited time.
  var tv {.noinit.}: Timeval = timeValFromMilliseconds(timeout)

  var wr: TFdSet
  var m = 0
  createFdSet((wr), writefds, m)

  if timeout != -1:
    result = int(select(cint(m+1), nil, addr(wr), nil, addr(tv)))
  else:
    result = int(select(cint(m+1), nil, addr(wr), nil, nil))

  pruneSocketSet(writefds, (wr))

proc accept*(fd: SocketHandle, inheritable = defined(nimInheritHandles)): (SocketHandle, string) =
  ## Accepts a new client connection.
  ##
  ## `inheritable` decides if the resulting SocketHandle can be inherited by
  ## child processes.
  ##
  ## Returns (osInvalidSocket, "") if an error occurred.
  var sockAddress: Sockaddr_in
  var addrLen = sizeof(sockAddress).SockLen
  var sock =
    when (defined(linux) or defined(bsd)) and not defined(nimdoc):
      accept4(fd, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(sockAddress)), addr(addrLen),
              if inheritable: 0 else: SOCK_CLOEXEC)
    else:
      accept(fd, cast[ptr SockAddr](addr(sockAddress)), addr(addrLen))
  when declared(setInheritable) and not (defined(linux) or defined(bsd)):
    if not setInheritable(sock, inheritable):
      close sock
      sock = osInvalidSocket
  if sock == osInvalidSocket:
    return (osInvalidSocket, "")
  else:
    return (sock, $inet_ntoa(sockAddress.sin_addr))

when defined(Windows):
  var wsa: WSAData
  if wsaStartup(0x0101'i16, addr wsa) != 0: raiseOSError(osLastError())