// Statements and Declarations void check_statement(Checker *c, AstNode *node); void check_statement_list(Checker *c, AstNode *node) { for (; node != NULL; node = node->next) check_statement(c, node); } // NOTE(bill): The last expression has to be a `return` statement // TODO(bill): This is a mild hack and should be probably handled properly // TODO(bill): Warn/err against code after `return` that it won't be executed b32 check_is_terminating(Checker *c, AstNode *node) { switch (node->kind) { case AstNode_BlockStatement: { for (; node != NULL; node = node->next) { if (node->next == NULL) break; } for (AstNode *n = node; node != NULL; n = n->prev) { if (n->kind == AstNode_EmptyStatement) continue; return check_is_terminating(c, n); } return false; } case AstNode_ExpressionStatement: return check_is_terminating(c, node->expression_statement.expression); case AstNode_ReturnStatement: return true; case AstNode_IfStatement: if (node->if_statement.else_statement != NULL) { if (check_is_terminating(c, node->if_statement.body) && check_is_terminating(c, node->if_statement.else_statement)) return true; } break; case AstNode_ForStatement: if (node->for_statement.cond == NULL) { return true; } break; } return false; } b32 check_is_assignable_to(Checker *c, Operand *operand, Type *type) { if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid || type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { return true; } Type *s = operand->type; if (are_types_identical(s, type)) return true; Type *sb = get_base_type(s); Type *tb = get_base_type(type); if (is_type_untyped(sb)) { switch (tb->kind) { case Type_Basic: if (operand->mode == Addressing_Constant) return check_value_is_expressible(c, operand->value, tb, NULL); if (sb->kind == Type_Basic) return sb->basic.kind == Basic_UntypedBool && is_type_boolean(tb); break; case Type_Pointer: return sb->basic.kind == Basic_UntypedPointer; } } if (are_types_identical(sb, tb) && (!is_type_named(sb) || !is_type_named(tb))) return true; if (is_type_pointer(sb) && is_type_rawptr(tb)) return true; if (is_type_rawptr(sb) && is_type_pointer(tb)) return true; if (sb->kind == Type_Array && tb->kind == Type_Array) { if (are_types_identical(sb->array.element, tb->array.element)) { return sb->array.count == tb->array.count; } } if (sb->kind == Type_Slice && tb->kind == Type_Slice) { if (are_types_identical(sb->slice.element, tb->slice.element)) { return true; } } return false; } // NOTE(bill): `content_name` is for debugging // TODO(bill): Maybe allow assignment to tuples? void check_assignment(Checker *c, Operand *operand, Type *type, String context_name) { check_not_tuple(c, operand); if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return; if (is_type_untyped(operand->type)) { Type *target_type = type; if (type == NULL) target_type = default_type(operand->type); convert_to_typed(c, operand, target_type); if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return; } if (type != NULL) { if (!check_is_assignable_to(c, operand, type)) { gbString type_string = type_to_string(type); gbString op_type_string = type_to_string(operand->type); gbString expr_str = expression_to_string(operand->expression); defer (gb_string_free(type_string)); defer (gb_string_free(op_type_string)); defer (gb_string_free(expr_str)); // TODO(bill): is this a good enough error message? error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(operand->expression), "Cannot assign value `%s` of type `%s` to `%s` in %.*s", expr_str, op_type_string, type_string, LIT(context_name)); operand->mode = Addressing_Invalid; } } } Type *check_assignment_variable(Checker *c, Operand *op_a, AstNode *lhs) { if (op_a->mode == Addressing_Invalid || op_a->type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { return NULL; } AstNode *node = unparen_expression(lhs); // NOTE(bill): Ignore assignments to `_` if (node->kind == AstNode_Identifier && are_strings_equal(node->identifier.token.string, make_string("_"))) { add_entity_definition(c, node, NULL); check_assignment(c, op_a, NULL, make_string("assignment to `_` identifier")); if (op_a->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return NULL; return op_a->type; } Entity *e = NULL; b32 used = false; if (node->kind == AstNode_Identifier) { e = scope_lookup_entity(c->context.scope, node->identifier.token.string); if (e != NULL && e->kind == Entity_Variable) { used = e->variable.used; // TODO(bill): Make backup just in case } } Operand op_b = {Addressing_Invalid}; check_expression(c, &op_b, lhs); if (e) e->variable.used = used; if (op_b.mode == Addressing_Invalid || op_b.type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { return NULL; } switch (op_b.mode) { case Addressing_Variable: break; case Addressing_Invalid: return NULL; default: { if (op_b.expression->kind == AstNode_SelectorExpression) { // NOTE(bill): Extra error checks Operand op_c = {Addressing_Invalid}; check_expression(c, &op_c, op_b.expression->selector_expression.operand); } gbString str = expression_to_string(op_b.expression); defer (gb_string_free(str)); error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(op_b.expression), "Cannot assign to `%s`", str); } break; } check_assignment(c, op_a, op_b.type, make_string("assignment")); if (op_a->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return NULL; return op_a->type; } // NOTE(bill): `content_name` is for debugging Type *check_init_variable(Checker *c, Entity *e, Operand *operand, String context_name) { if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid || operand->type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid] || e->type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { if (e->type == NULL) e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return NULL; } if (e->type == NULL) { // NOTE(bill): Use the type of the operand Type *t = operand->type; if (is_type_untyped(t)) { if (t == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { error(&c->error_collector, e->token, "Use of untyped thing in %.*s", LIT(context_name)); e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return NULL; } t = default_type(t); } e->type = t; } check_assignment(c, operand, e->type, context_name); if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return NULL; return e->type; } void check_init_variables(Checker *c, Entity **lhs, isize lhs_count, AstNode *init_list, isize init_count, String context_name) { if ((lhs == NULL || lhs_count == 0) && init_count == 0) return; isize i = 0; AstNode *rhs = init_list; for (; i < lhs_count && i < init_count && rhs != NULL; i++, rhs = rhs->next) { Operand operand = {}; check_multi_expression(c, &operand, rhs); if (operand.type->kind != Type_Tuple) { check_init_variable(c, lhs[i], &operand, context_name); } else { auto *tuple = &operand.type->tuple; for (isize j = 0; j < tuple->variable_count && i < lhs_count && i < init_count; j++, i++) { Type *type = tuple->variables[j]->type; operand.type = type; check_init_variable(c, lhs[i], &operand, context_name); } } } if (i < lhs_count && i < init_count) { if (lhs[i]->type == NULL) error(&c->error_collector, lhs[i]->token, "Too few values on the right hand side of the declaration"); } else if (rhs != NULL) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(rhs), "Too many values on the right hand side of the declaration"); } } void check_init_constant(Checker *c, Entity *e, Operand *operand) { if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid || operand->type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid] || e->type == &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]) { if (e->type == NULL) e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } if (operand->mode != Addressing_Constant) { // TODO(bill): better error error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(operand->expression), "`%.*s` is not a constant", LIT(ast_node_token(operand->expression).string)); if (e->type == NULL) e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } if (!is_type_constant_type(operand->type)) { // NOTE(bill): no need to free string as it's panicking GB_PANIC("Compiler error: Type `%s` not constant!!!", type_to_string(operand->type)); } if (e->type == NULL) // NOTE(bill): type inference e->type = operand->type; check_assignment(c, operand, e->type, make_string("constant declaration")); if (operand->mode == Addressing_Invalid) return; e->constant.value = operand->value; } void check_constant_declaration(Checker *c, Entity *e, AstNode *type_expr, AstNode *init_expr) { GB_ASSERT(e->type == NULL); if (e->variable.visited) { e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } e->variable.visited = true; if (type_expr) { Type *t = check_type(c, type_expr); if (!is_type_constant_type(t)) { gbString str = type_to_string(t); defer (gb_string_free(str)); error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(type_expr), "Invalid constant type `%s`", str); e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } e->type = t; } Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; if (init_expr) check_expression(c, &operand, init_expr); check_init_constant(c, e, &operand); } void check_type_declaration(Checker *c, Entity *e, AstNode *type_expr, Type *named_type) { GB_ASSERT(e->type == NULL); Type *named = make_type_named(c->allocator, e->token.string, NULL, e); named->named.type_name = e; set_base_type(named_type, named); e->type = named; check_type(c, type_expr, named); set_base_type(named, get_base_type(get_base_type(named))); } void check_procedure_body(Checker *c, Token token, DeclarationInfo *decl, Type *type, AstNode *body) { GB_ASSERT(body->kind == AstNode_BlockStatement); CheckerContext old_context = c->context; c->context.scope = decl->scope; c->context.decl = decl; push_procedure(c, type); check_statement_list(c, body->block_statement.list); if (type->procedure.results_count > 0) { if (!check_is_terminating(c, body)) { error(&c->error_collector, body->block_statement.close, "Missing return statement at the end of the procedure"); } } pop_procedure(c); c->context = old_context; } void check_procedure_declaration(Checker *c, Entity *e, DeclarationInfo *d, b32 check_body_later) { GB_ASSERT(e->type == NULL); Type *proc_type = make_type_procedure(c->allocator, e->parent, NULL, 0, NULL, 0); e->type = proc_type; auto *pd = &d->proc_decl->procedure_declaration; #if 1 Scope *original_curr_scope = c->context.scope; c->context.scope = c->global_scope; check_open_scope(c, pd->procedure_type); #endif check_procedure_type(c, proc_type, pd->procedure_type); b32 is_foreign = false; b32 is_inline = false; b32 is_no_inline = false; for (AstNode *tag = pd->tag_list; tag != NULL; tag = tag->next) { GB_ASSERT(tag->kind == AstNode_TagExpression); String tag_name = tag->tag_expression.name.string; if (are_strings_equal(tag_name, make_string("foreign"))) { is_foreign = true; } else if (are_strings_equal(tag_name, make_string("inline"))) { is_inline = true; } else if (are_strings_equal(tag_name, make_string("no_inline"))) { is_no_inline = true; } else { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(tag), "Unknown procedure tag"); } // TODO(bill): Other tags } if (is_inline && is_no_inline) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(pd->tag_list), "You cannot apply both `inline` and `no_inline` to a procedure"); } if (pd->body != NULL) { if (is_foreign) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(pd->body), "A procedure tagged as `#foreign` cannot have a body"); } d->scope = c->context.scope; GB_ASSERT(pd->body->kind == AstNode_BlockStatement); if (check_body_later) { check_procedure_later(c, c->curr_ast_file, e->token, d, proc_type, pd->body); } else { check_procedure_body(c, e->token, d, proc_type, pd->body); } } #if 1 check_close_scope(c); c->context.scope = original_curr_scope; #endif } void check_variable_declaration(Checker *c, Entity *e, Entity **entities, isize entity_count, AstNode *type_expr, AstNode *init_expr) { GB_ASSERT(e->type == NULL); GB_ASSERT(e->kind == Entity_Variable); if (e->variable.visited) { e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } e->variable.visited = true; if (type_expr != NULL) e->type = check_type(c, type_expr, NULL); if (init_expr == NULL) { if (type_expr == NULL) e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; return; } if (entities == NULL || entity_count == 1) { GB_ASSERT(entities == NULL || entities[0] == e); Operand operand = {}; check_expression(c, &operand, init_expr); check_init_variable(c, e, &operand, make_string("variable declaration")); } if (type_expr != NULL) { for (isize i = 0; i < entity_count; i++) entities[i]->type = e->type; } check_init_variables(c, entities, entity_count, init_expr, 1, make_string("variable declaration")); } void check_entity_declaration(Checker *c, Entity *e, Type *named_type) { if (e->type != NULL) return; DeclarationInfo **found = map_get(&c->entities, hash_pointer(e)); if (found == NULL) { GB_PANIC("Compiler error: This entity should be declared!"); } DeclarationInfo *d = *found; switch (e->kind) { case Entity_Constant: c->context.decl = d; check_constant_declaration(c, e, d->type_expr, d->init_expr); break; case Entity_Variable: c->context.decl = d; check_variable_declaration(c, e, d->entities, d->entity_count, d->type_expr, d->init_expr); break; case Entity_TypeName: check_type_declaration(c, e, d->type_expr, named_type); break; case Entity_Procedure: check_procedure_declaration(c, e, d, true); break; } } void check_statement(Checker *c, AstNode *node) { switch (node->kind) { case AstNode_EmptyStatement: break; case AstNode_BadStatement: break; case AstNode_BadDeclaration: break; case AstNode_ExpressionStatement: { Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; ExpressionKind kind = check_expression_base(c, &operand, node->expression_statement.expression); switch (operand.mode) { case Addressing_Type: error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Is not an expression"); break; default: if (kind == Expression_Statement) return; error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Expression is not used"); break; } } break; case AstNode_TagStatement: // TODO(bill): Tag Statements error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Tag statements are not supported yet"); check_statement(c, node->tag_statement.statement); break; case AstNode_IncDecStatement: { Token op = {}; auto *s = &node->inc_dec_statement; op = s->op; switch (s->op.kind) { case Token_Increment: op.kind = Token_Add; op.string.len = 1; break; case Token_Decrement: op.kind = Token_Sub; op.string.len = 1; break; default: error(&c->error_collector, s->op, "Unknown inc/dec operation %.*s", LIT(s->op.string)); return; } Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; check_expression(c, &operand, s->expression); if (operand.mode == Addressing_Invalid) return; if (!is_type_numeric(operand.type)) { error(&c->error_collector, s->op, "Non numeric type"); return; } AstNode basic_lit = {AstNode_BasicLiteral}; basic_lit.basic_literal = s->op; basic_lit.basic_literal.kind = Token_Integer; basic_lit.basic_literal.string = make_string("1"); AstNode be = {AstNode_BinaryExpression}; be.binary_expression.op = op; be.binary_expression.left = s->expression;; be.binary_expression.right = &basic_lit; check_binary_expression(c, &operand, &be); } break; case AstNode_AssignStatement: switch (node->assign_statement.op.kind) { case Token_Eq: { // a, b, c = 1, 2, 3; // Multisided if (node->assign_statement.lhs_count == 0) { error(&c->error_collector, node->assign_statement.op, "Missing lhs in assignment statement"); return; } Operand operand = {}; AstNode *lhs = node->assign_statement.lhs_list; AstNode *rhs = node->assign_statement.rhs_list; isize i = 0; for (; lhs != NULL && rhs != NULL; lhs = lhs->next, rhs = rhs->next) { check_multi_expression(c, &operand, rhs); if (operand.type->kind != Type_Tuple) { check_assignment_variable(c, &operand, lhs); i++; } else { auto *tuple = &operand.type->tuple; for (isize j = 0; j < tuple->variable_count && lhs != NULL; j++, i++, lhs = lhs->next) { // TODO(bill): More error checking operand.type = tuple->variables[j]->type; check_assignment_variable(c, &operand, lhs); } if (lhs == NULL) break; } } if (i < node->assign_statement.lhs_count && i < node->assign_statement.rhs_count) { if (lhs == NULL) error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(lhs), "Too few values on the right hand side of the declaration"); } else if (rhs != NULL) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(rhs), "Too many values on the right hand side of the declaration"); } } break; default: { // a += 1; // Single-sided Token op = node->assign_statement.op; if (node->assign_statement.lhs_count != 1 || node->assign_statement.rhs_count != 1) { error(&c->error_collector, op, "Assignment operation `%.*s` requires single-valued expressions", LIT(op.string)); return; } if (!gb_is_between(op.kind, Token_AddEq, Token_ModEq)) { error(&c->error_collector, op, "Unknown Assignment operation `%.*s`", LIT(op.string)); return; } // TODO(bill): Check if valid assignment operator Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; AstNode be = {AstNode_BinaryExpression}; be.binary_expression.op = op; // NOTE(bill): Only use the first one will be used be.binary_expression.left = node->assign_statement.lhs_list; be.binary_expression.right = node->assign_statement.rhs_list; check_binary_expression(c, &operand, &be); if (operand.mode == Addressing_Invalid) return; // NOTE(bill): Only use the first one will be used check_assignment_variable(c, &operand, node->assign_statement.lhs_list); } break; } break; case AstNode_BlockStatement: check_open_scope(c, node); check_statement_list(c, node->block_statement.list); check_close_scope(c); break; case AstNode_IfStatement: { Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; check_expression(c, &operand, node->if_statement.cond); if (operand.mode != Addressing_Invalid && !is_type_boolean(operand.type)) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node->if_statement.cond), "Non-boolean condition in `if` statement"); } check_statement(c, node->if_statement.body); if (node->if_statement.else_statement) { switch (node->if_statement.else_statement->kind) { case AstNode_IfStatement: case AstNode_BlockStatement: check_statement(c, node->if_statement.else_statement); break; default: error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node->if_statement.else_statement), "Invalid `else` statement in `if` statement"); break; } } } break; case AstNode_ReturnStatement: { auto *rs = &node->return_statement; GB_ASSERT(gb_array_count(c->procedure_stack) > 0); if (c->in_defer) { error(&c->error_collector, rs->token, "You cannot `return` within a defer statement"); // TODO(bill): Should I break here? break; } Type *proc_type = c->procedure_stack[gb_array_count(c->procedure_stack)-1]; isize result_count = 0; if (proc_type->procedure.results) result_count = proc_type->procedure.results->tuple.variable_count; if (result_count != rs->result_count) { error(&c->error_collector, rs->token, "Expected %td return %s, got %td", result_count, (result_count != 1 ? "values" : "value"), rs->result_count); } else if (result_count > 0) { auto *tuple = &proc_type->procedure.results->tuple; check_init_variables(c, tuple->variables, tuple->variable_count, rs->results, rs->result_count, make_string("return statement")); } } break; case AstNode_ForStatement: { check_open_scope(c, node); defer (check_close_scope(c)); check_statement(c, node->for_statement.init); if (node->for_statement.cond) { Operand operand = {Addressing_Invalid}; check_expression(c, &operand, node->for_statement.cond); if (operand.mode != Addressing_Invalid && !is_type_boolean(operand.type)) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node->for_statement.cond), "Non-boolean condition in `for` statement"); } } check_statement(c, node->for_statement.end); check_statement(c, node->for_statement.body); } break; case AstNode_DeferStatement: { auto *ds = &node->defer_statement; if (is_ast_node_declaration(ds->statement)) { error(&c->error_collector, ds->token, "You cannot defer a declaration"); } else { b32 out_in_defer = c->in_defer; c->in_defer = true; check_statement(c, ds->statement); c->in_defer = out_in_defer; } } break; // Declarations case AstNode_VariableDeclaration: { auto *vd = &node->variable_declaration; isize entity_count = vd->name_list_count; isize entity_index = 0; Entity **entities = gb_alloc_array(c->allocator, Entity *, entity_count); switch (vd->kind) { case Declaration_Mutable: { Entity **new_entities = gb_alloc_array(c->allocator, Entity *, entity_count); isize new_entity_count = 0; for (AstNode *name = vd->name_list; name != NULL; name = name->next) { Entity *entity = NULL; Token token = name->identifier.token; if (name->kind == AstNode_Identifier) { String str = token.string; Entity *found = NULL; // NOTE(bill): Ignore assignments to `_` b32 can_be_ignored = are_strings_equal(str, make_string("_")); if (!can_be_ignored) { found = current_scope_lookup_entity(c->context.scope, str); } if (found == NULL) { entity = make_entity_variable(c->allocator, c->context.scope, token, NULL); if (!can_be_ignored) { new_entities[new_entity_count++] = entity; } add_entity_definition(c, name, entity); } else { entity = found; } } else { error(&c->error_collector, token, "A variable declaration must be an identifier"); } if (entity == NULL) entity = make_entity_dummy_variable(c->allocator, c->global_scope, token); entities[entity_index++] = entity; } Type *init_type = NULL; if (vd->type_expression) { init_type = check_type(c, vd->type_expression, NULL); if (init_type == NULL) init_type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; } for (isize i = 0; i < entity_count; i++) { Entity *e = entities[i]; GB_ASSERT(e != NULL); if (e->variable.visited) { e->type = &basic_types[Basic_Invalid]; continue; } e->variable.visited = true; if (e->type == NULL) e->type = init_type; } check_init_variables(c, entities, entity_count, vd->value_list, vd->value_list_count, make_string("variable declaration")); AstNode *name = vd->name_list; for (isize i = 0; i < new_entity_count; i++, name = name->next) { add_entity(c, c->context.scope, name, new_entities[i]); } } break; case Declaration_Immutable: { for (AstNode *name = vd->name_list, *value = vd->value_list; name != NULL && value != NULL; name = name->next, value = value->next) { GB_ASSERT(name->kind == AstNode_Identifier); ExactValue v = {ExactValue_Invalid}; Entity *e = make_entity_constant(c->allocator, c->context.scope, name->identifier.token, NULL, v); entities[entity_index++] = e; check_constant_declaration(c, e, vd->type_expression, value); } isize lhs_count = vd->name_list_count; isize rhs_count = vd->value_list_count; // TODO(bill): Better error messages or is this good enough? if (rhs_count == 0 && vd->type_expression == NULL) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Missing type or initial expression"); } else if (lhs_count < rhs_count) { error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Extra initial expression"); } AstNode *name = vd->name_list; for (isize i = 0; i < entity_count; i++, name = name->next) { add_entity(c, c->context.scope, name, entities[i]); } } break; default: error(&c->error_collector, ast_node_token(node), "Unknown variable declaration kind. Probably an invalid AST."); return; } } break; case AstNode_ProcedureDeclaration: { auto *pd = &node->procedure_declaration; Entity *e = make_entity_procedure(c->allocator, c->context.scope, pd->name->identifier.token, NULL); add_entity(c, c->context.scope, pd->name, e); DeclarationInfo decl = {}; init_declaration_info(&decl, e->parent); decl.proc_decl = node; check_procedure_declaration(c, e, &decl, false); destroy_declaration_info(&decl); } break; case AstNode_TypeDeclaration: { auto *td = &node->type_declaration; AstNode *name = td->name; Entity *e = make_entity_type_name(c->allocator, c->context.scope, name->identifier.token, NULL); add_entity(c, c->context.scope, name, e); check_type_declaration(c, e, td->type_expression, NULL); } break; } }