Odin/core/encoding/base32/base32.odin

/*
`Base32` encoding and decoding, as specified in [[ RFC 4648; https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4648.html ]].

A secondary param can be used to supply a custom alphabet to `encode` and a matching decoding table to `decode`.

If none is supplied it just uses the standard Base32 alphabet.
In case your specific version does not use padding, you may
truncate it from the encoded output.

Error represents errors that can occur during base32 decoding operations.
As per RFC 4648:
- Section 3.3: Invalid character handling
- Section 3.2: Padding requirements
- Section 6: Base32 encoding specifics (including block size requirements)
*/
package encoding_base32

Error :: enum {
	None,
	Invalid_Character, // Input contains characters outside the specified alphabet
	Invalid_Length,    // Input length is not valid for base32 (must be a multiple of 8 with proper padding)
	Malformed_Input,   // Input has improper structure (wrong padding position or incomplete groups)
}

Validate_Proc :: #type proc(c: byte) -> bool

@private
_validate_default :: proc(c: byte) -> bool {
	return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') || (c >= '2' && c <= '7')
}

@(rodata)
ENC_TABLE := [32]byte {
	'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H',
	'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
	'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X',
	'Y', 'Z', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7',
}

PADDING :: '='

@(rodata)
DEC_TABLE := [256]u8 {
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
	15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14,
	15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
	 0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,  0,
}

encode :: proc(data: []byte, ENC_TBL := ENC_TABLE, allocator := context.allocator) -> string {
	out_length := (len(data) + 4) / 5 * 8
	out := make([]byte, out_length, allocator)
	_encode(out, data, ENC_TBL)
	return string(out[:])
}

@private
_encode :: proc(out, data: []byte, ENC_TBL := ENC_TABLE, allocator := context.allocator) {
	out := out
	data := data

	for len(data) > 0 {
		carry: byte
		switch len(data) {
		case:
			out[7] = ENC_TBL[data[4] & 0x1f]
			carry = data[4] >> 5
			fallthrough
		case 4:
			out[6] = ENC_TBL[carry | (data[3] << 3) & 0x1f]
			out[5] = ENC_TBL[(data[3] >> 2) & 0x1f]
			carry = data[3] >> 7
			fallthrough
		case 3:
			out[4] = ENC_TBL[carry | (data[2] << 1) & 0x1f]
			carry = (data[2] >> 4) & 0x1f
			fallthrough
		case 2:
			out[3] = ENC_TBL[carry | (data[1] << 4) & 0x1f]
			out[2] = ENC_TBL[(data[1] >> 1) & 0x1f]
			carry = (data[1] >> 6) & 0x1f
			fallthrough
		case 1:
			out[1] = ENC_TBL[carry | (data[0] << 2) & 0x1f]
			out[0] = ENC_TBL[data[0] >> 3]
		}

		if len(data) < 5 {
			out[7] = byte(PADDING)
			if len(data) < 4 {
				out[6] = byte(PADDING)
				out[5] = byte(PADDING)
				if len(data) < 3 {
					out[4] = byte(PADDING)
					if len(data) < 2 {
						out[3] = byte(PADDING)
						out[2] = byte(PADDING)
					}
				}
			}
			break
		}
		data = data[5:]
		out = out[8:]
	}
}

@(optimization_mode="favor_size")
decode :: proc(
	data: string,
	DEC_TBL := DEC_TABLE,
	validate: Validate_Proc = _validate_default,
	allocator := context.allocator) -> (out: []byte, err: Error) {
	if len(data) == 0 {
		return nil, .None
	}

	// Check minimum length requirement first
	if len(data) < 2 {
		return nil, .Invalid_Length
	}

	// Validate characters using provided validation function
	for i := 0; i < len(data); i += 1 {
		c := data[i]
		if c == byte(PADDING) {
			break
		}
		if !validate(c) {
			return nil, .Invalid_Character
		}
	}

	// Validate padding and length
	data_len := len(data)
	padding_count := 0
	for i := data_len - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1 {
		if data[i] != byte(PADDING) {
			break
		}
		padding_count += 1
	}

	// Verify no padding in the middle
	for i := 0; i < data_len - padding_count; i += 1 {
		if data[i] == byte(PADDING) {
			return nil, .Malformed_Input
		}
	}

	// Check for proper padding and length combinations
	if padding_count > 0 {
		content_len := data_len - padding_count
		mod8 := content_len % 8
		required_padding: int
		switch mod8 {
		case 2: required_padding = 6 // 2 chars need 6 padding chars
		case 4: required_padding = 4 // 4 chars need 4 padding chars
		case 5: required_padding = 3 // 5 chars need 3 padding chars
		case 7: required_padding = 1 // 7 chars need 1 padding char
		case: required_padding = 0
		}

		if required_padding > 0 {
			if padding_count != required_padding {
				return nil, .Malformed_Input
			}
		} else if mod8 != 0 {
			return nil, .Malformed_Input
		}
	} else {
		// No padding - must be multiple of 8
		if data_len % 8 != 0 {
			return nil, .Malformed_Input
		}
	}

	// Calculate decoded length: 5 bytes for every 8 input chars
	input_chars := data_len - padding_count
	out_len := input_chars * 5 / 8
	out = make([]byte, out_len, allocator)
	defer if err != .None {
		delete(out)
	}

	// Process input in 8-byte blocks
	outi := 0
	for i := 0; i < input_chars; i += 8 {
		buf: [8]byte
		block_size := min(8, input_chars - i)

		// Decode block
		for j := 0; j < block_size; j += 1 {
			buf[j] = DEC_TBL[data[i + j]]
		}

		// Convert to output bytes based on block size
		bytes_to_write := block_size * 5 / 8
		switch block_size {
		case 8:
			out[outi + 4] = (buf[6] << 5) | buf[7]
			fallthrough
		case 7:
			out[outi + 3] = (buf[4] << 7) | (buf[5] << 2) | (buf[6] >> 3)
			fallthrough
		case 5:
			out[outi + 2] = (buf[3] << 4) | (buf[4] >> 1)
			fallthrough
		case 4:
			out[outi + 1] = (buf[1] << 6) | (buf[2] << 1) | (buf[3] >> 4)
			fallthrough
		case 2:
			out[outi] = (buf[0] << 3) | (buf[1] >> 2)
		}
		outi += bytes_to_write
	}

	return
}