Files
Odin/core/rexcode/arm64/decoder.odin
2026-06-14 16:30:18 +01:00

584 lines
20 KiB
Odin

package rexcode_arm64
import "../isa"
// =============================================================================
// AArch64 DECODER
// =============================================================================
//
// Two passes, mirroring riscv/decoder.odin. Specifics:
//
// * Single-level dispatch by op0 (bits[28:25], 4 bits = 16 slots);
// linear scan within each bucket. Entries are sorted by mask-
// popcount descending so the most-specific encoding form wins.
//
// * SP-vs-ZR reconstruction is contextual: the decoder reads hw 0-31
// and emits an X / W register; if the form expects WSP_REG/XSP_REG
// it emits a REG_WSP/REG_XSP at hw 31 instead of ZR.
//
// * .RM extraction is form-dependent: SHIFTED_REG and EXTENDED_REG
// operand types pull both the register hw and the shift/extend bits.
Instruction_Info :: struct {
offset: u32,
decode_entry: u16,
_: u16,
}
#assert(size_of(Instruction_Info) == 8)
decode :: proc(
data: []u8,
relocs: []Relocation,
instructions: ^[dynamic]Instruction,
inst_info: ^[dynamic]Instruction_Info,
label_defs: ^[dynamic]Label_Definition,
errors: ^[dynamic]Error,
endianness: Endianness = .LITTLE,
) -> Result {
n_bytes := u32(len(data)) & ~u32(3)
errors_start := u32(len(errors))
pending_branches: [dynamic]isa.Branch_Target
defer delete(pending_branches)
pc: u32 = 0
for pc < n_bytes {
word := read_u32(data, pc, endianness)
inst: Instruction
info: Instruction_Info
entry_idx := decode_one_inline(word, pc, &inst, &info)
if entry_idx < 0 {
append(errors, Error{inst_idx = pc, code = .INVALID_OPCODE})
inst = Instruction{mnemonic = .INVALID, length = 4}
info = Instruction_Info{offset = pc}
} else {
inst_idx_for_branches := u32(len(instructions))
for slot in 0..<inst.operand_count {
op := &inst.ops[slot]
if op.kind == .RELATIVE && op.relative >= 0 {
append(&pending_branches, isa.Branch_Target{
inst_idx = inst_idx_for_branches,
op_idx = slot,
target = u32(op.relative),
})
}
}
}
append(instructions, inst)
append(inst_info, info)
pc += 4
}
isa.infer_labels_from_branches(pending_branches[:], pc, label_defs, relocs)
return Result{byte_count = pc, success = u32(len(errors)) == errors_start}
}
// =============================================================================
// Internal
// =============================================================================
@(private="file")
decode_one_inline :: #force_inline proc "contextless" (
word: u32, pc: u32, inst: ^Instruction, info: ^Instruction_Info,
) -> int {
op0 := (word >> 25) & 0xF
range := DECODE_INDEX_OP0[op0]
if range.count == 0 { return -1 }
base := int(range.start)
cnt := int(range.count)
matched_idx := -1
for i in 0..<cnt {
e := &DECODE_ENTRIES[base + i]
if (word & e.mask) == e.bits {
matched_idx = base + i
break
}
}
if matched_idx < 0 { return -1 }
entry := &DECODE_ENTRIES[matched_idx]
inst.mnemonic = entry.mnemonic
inst.length = 4
inst.flags = {}
cnt_used: u8 = 0
if entry.ops[0] != .NONE {
inst.ops[0] = extract_operand_inline(word, pc, entry.ops[0], entry.enc[0])
cnt_used = 1
if entry.ops[1] != .NONE {
inst.ops[1] = extract_operand_inline(word, pc, entry.ops[1], entry.enc[1])
cnt_used = 2
if entry.ops[2] != .NONE {
inst.ops[2] = extract_operand_inline(word, pc, entry.ops[2], entry.enc[2])
cnt_used = 3
if entry.ops[3] != .NONE {
inst.ops[3] = extract_operand_inline(word, pc, entry.ops[3], entry.enc[3])
cnt_used = 4
}
}
}
}
inst.operand_count = cnt_used
info.offset = pc
info.decode_entry = u16(matched_idx)
return matched_idx
}
@(private="file")
extract_operand_inline :: #force_inline proc "contextless" (
word: u32, pc: u32, ot: Operand_Type, en: Operand_Encoding,
) -> Operand {
#partial switch en {
case .NONE, .IMPL:
// For IMPL on .COND_HI/etc. cases the operand stays NONE.
return {}
// ---- Register slots ----------------------------------------------------
case .RD, .RT:
return reg_from_field(word, 0, ot)
case .RN:
return reg_from_field(word, 5, ot)
case .RT2, .RA:
return reg_from_field(word, 10, ot)
case .RM:
// Three flavours per operand type: plain / shifted / extended.
#partial switch ot {
case .W_SHIFTED, .X_SHIFTED:
hw := u8((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
shifted = Shifted_Reg{
reg = ot == .X_SHIFTED ? Register(REG_X | u16(hw)) : Register(REG_W | u16(hw)),
type = Shift_Type((word >> 22) & 0x3),
amount = u8((word >> 10) & 0x3F),
},
kind = .SHIFTED_REG, size = 4,
}
case .W_EXTENDED, .X_EXTENDED:
hw := u8((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
extended = Extended_Reg{
reg = ot == .X_EXTENDED ? Register(REG_X | u16(hw)) : Register(REG_W | u16(hw)),
extend = Extend((word >> 13) & 0x7),
amount = u8((word >> 10) & 0x7),
},
kind = .EXTENDED_REG, size = 4,
}
case:
return reg_from_field(word, 16, ot)
}
// ---- Immediates --------------------------------------------------------
case .IMM12: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 10) & 0xFFF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .IMM16: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 5) & 0xFFFF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .IMM6: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 10) & 0x3F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .IMM9:
v := i32((word >> 12) & 0x1FF)
if v & (1 << 8) != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x1FF) } // sign-extend from bit 8
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .IMM_HW: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 21) & 0x3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .IMM_SH12: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 22) & 0x1), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SHIFT_TYPE: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 22) & 0x3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .EXT_OPT: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 13) & 0x7), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .EXT_IMM3: return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 10) & 0x7), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .COND_HI:
return Operand{cond = u8((word >> 12) & 0xF), kind = .COND, size = 1}
case .COND_LO:
return Operand{cond = u8(word & 0xF), kind = .COND, size = 1}
case .NZCV_FIELD:
return Operand{immediate = i64(word & 0xF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SYS_FIELD:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 5) & 0x7FFF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .HINT_FIELD:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 5) & 0x7F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .BARRIER_FIELD:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 8) & 0xF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- Memory operand variants ------------------------------------------
case .OFFSET_BASE_U12:
size := u32(1) << ((word >> 30) & 0x3)
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm12 := u32((word >> 10) & 0xFFF)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
disp = i32(imm12 * size),
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .OFFSET_BASE_S9:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm9 := i32((word >> 12) & 0x1FF)
if imm9 & (1 << 8) != 0 { imm9 |= ~i32(0x1FF) }
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
disp = imm9,
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .OFFSET_BASE_PRE:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm9 := i32((word >> 12) & 0x1FF)
if imm9 & (1 << 8) != 0 { imm9 |= ~i32(0x1FF) }
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
disp = imm9,
mode = .PRE_INDEXED,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .OFFSET_BASE_POST:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm9 := i32((word >> 12) & 0x1FF)
if imm9 & (1 << 8) != 0 { imm9 |= ~i32(0x1FF) }
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
disp = imm9,
mode = .POST_INDEXED,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .OFFSET_BASE_A:
// [Xn] only: no displacement, no index.
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .OFFSET_REG, .OFFSET_EXT:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
idx_hw := u8((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
option := Extend((word >> 13) & 0x7)
s := u8((word >> 12) & 0x1)
idx_cls := u16(REG_X)
if option == .UXTW || option == .SXTW { idx_cls = REG_W }
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = Register(idx_cls | u16(idx_hw)),
extend = option,
shift = s,
mode = en == .OFFSET_EXT ? .EXT_REG_OFFSET : .REG_OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
// ---- PC-relative branches ---------------------------------------------
case .BRANCH_26:
v := i32(word & 0x03FFFFFF)
if v & (1 << 25) != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x03FFFFFF) }
target := u32(i32(pc) + (v << 2))
return Operand{relative = i64(target), kind = .RELATIVE, size = 4}
case .BRANCH_19:
v := i32((word >> 5) & 0x7FFFF)
if v & (1 << 18) != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x7FFFF) }
target := u32(i32(pc) + (v << 2))
return Operand{relative = i64(target), kind = .RELATIVE, size = 4}
case .BRANCH_14:
v := i32((word >> 5) & 0x3FFF)
if v & (1 << 13) != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x3FFF) }
target := u32(i32(pc) + (v << 2))
return Operand{relative = i64(target), kind = .RELATIVE, size = 4}
case .BRANCH_PG21:
// Sign-extended 21-bit value reassembled from immlo/immhi.
lo := (word >> 29) & 0x3
hi := (word >> 5) & 0x7FFFF
v := i32((hi << 2) | lo)
if v & (1 << 20) != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x1FFFFF) }
// For ADR (op=0 bit 31) target = PC + imm21.
// For ADRP (op=1) target = (PC & ~0xFFF) + (imm21 << 12).
if (word >> 31) & 1 != 0 {
// ADRP
target := (i64(pc) & ~i64(0xFFF)) + (i64(v) << 12)
return Operand{relative = target, kind = .RELATIVE, size = 4}
} else {
target := u32(i32(pc) + v)
return Operand{relative = i64(target), kind = .RELATIVE, size = 4}
}
case .TBZ_BIT:
// Reassemble bit position: b5 at bit 31, b40 at bits 23-19.
b5 := (word >> 31) & 0x1
b40 := (word >> 19) & 0x1F
return Operand{immediate = i64((b5 << 5) | b40), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- Bitmask logical immediate (round-trip back to the raw mask) ----
case .BITMASK_FIELD:
is_64 := (word >> 31) & 1 != 0
n_bit := u8((word >> 22) & 1)
immr := u8((word >> 16) & 0x3F)
imms := u8((word >> 10) & 0x3F)
value, ok := decode_bitmask_imm(n_bit, immr, imms, is_64)
if !ok { return {} }
return Operand{immediate = i64(value), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = is_64 ? 8 : 4}
// ---- NEON / SIMD register slots ----
case .VD:
hw := u16(word & 0x1F)
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_V | hw), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .VN:
hw := u16((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_V | hw), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .VM:
hw := u16((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_V | hw), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .VA:
hw := u16((word >> 10) & 0x1F)
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_V | hw), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
// ---- NEON / SVE indexed/immediate fields ----
case .NEON_IMM8_FMOV:
v := ((word >> 16) & 0x7) << 5 | ((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .NEON_INDEX_H:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 19) & 0x3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .NEON_INDEX_S:
v := ((word >> 21) & 0x1) | ((word >> 11) & 0x1) << 1
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .NEON_INDEX_D:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 11) & 0x1), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- LSE atomic register slots ----
case .ATOMIC_RS:
return reg_from_field(word, 16, ot)
case .ATOMIC_RT:
return reg_from_field(word, 0, ot)
case .ATOMIC_RN:
// Memory operand: only the base register is encoded in the word,
// displacement is always zero (atomic addressing).
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
// ---- SVE predicate slots ----
case .PD:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16(word & 0xF)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .PN:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16((word >> 5) & 0xF)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .PM:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16((word >> 16) & 0xF)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .PG:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16((word >> 10) & 0x7)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .PG4:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16((word >> 10) & 0xF)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .PM3:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_P | u16((word >> 13) & 0x7)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
// ---- SVE immediates ----
case .SVE_IMM8:
v := i32((word >> 5) & 0xFF)
if v & 0x80 != 0 { v |= ~i32(0xFF) }
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SVE_IMM5:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 16) & 0x1F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SVE_SHIFT_TSZ_IMM:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 16) & 0x7F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SVE_PATTERN:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 5) & 0x1F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- SVE memory operands ----
case .SVE_OFFSET_BASE_SS:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
idx_hw := u8((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = Register(REG_X | u16(idx_hw)),
mode = .REG_OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .SVE_OFFSET_BASE_SI:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm := i32((word >> 16) & 0xF)
if imm & 0x8 != 0 { imm |= ~i32(0xF) }
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = NONE,
disp = imm,
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
// ---- SME ZA tile fields ----
case .ZA_TILE_NUM_B:
return Operand{immediate = 0, kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ZA_TILE_NUM_H:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 22) & 0x1), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ZA_TILE_NUM_S:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 22) & 0x3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ZA_TILE_NUM_D:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 21) & 0x7), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SME_PATTERN_FIELD:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 5) & 0xF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- SVE gather/scatter + vector-base memory ----
case .SVE_OFFSET_BASE_VEC:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
idx_hw := u8((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_X | u16(base_hw)),
index = Register(REG_Z | u16(idx_hw)),
mode = .REG_OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
case .SVE_OFFSET_VEC_BASE:
base_hw := u8((word >> 5) & 0x1F)
imm := i32((word >> 16) & 0x1F)
return Operand{
mem = Memory{
base = Register(REG_Z | u16(base_hw)),
disp = imm,
mode = .OFFSET,
},
kind = .MEMORY, size = 4,
}
// ---- SVE indexed lane field ----
case .SVE_FMLA_IDX_H:
v := ((word >> 22) & 0x1) << 2 | ((word >> 19) & 0x3)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SVE_FMLA_IDX_S:
v := (word >> 19) & 0x3
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .SVE_FMLA_IDX_D:
v := (word >> 20) & 0x1
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
// ---- SME tile slice descriptor (round-trip back to the packed form) ----
//
// Decode is the inverse of the packer: tile_num and imm bits live in
// instruction bits 3:0 (packed per element size), Ws at bits 14:13,
// V flag at bit 15.
case .SME_SLICE_B:
vflag := (word >> 15) & 0x1
ws := (word >> 13) & 0x3
imm := word & 0xF
v := imm | (vflag << 4) | (ws << 5)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .SME_SLICE_H:
vflag := (word >> 15) & 0x1
ws := (word >> 13) & 0x3
imm := word & 0x7
tile := (word >> 3) & 0x1
v := imm | (vflag << 4) | (ws << 5) | (tile << 7)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .SME_SLICE_W:
vflag := (word >> 15) & 0x1
ws := (word >> 13) & 0x3
imm := word & 0x3
tile := (word >> 2) & 0x3
v := imm | (vflag << 4) | (ws << 5) | (tile << 7)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .SME_SLICE_D:
vflag := (word >> 15) & 0x1
ws := (word >> 13) & 0x3
imm := word & 0x1
tile := (word >> 1) & 0x7
v := imm | (vflag << 4) | (ws << 5) | (tile << 7)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
case .SME_SLICE_Q:
vflag := (word >> 15) & 0x1
ws := (word >> 13) & 0x3
tile := word & 0xF
v := (vflag << 4) | (ws << 5) | (tile << 7)
return Operand{immediate = i64(v), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
// ---- Batch 3 misc immediates ----
case .ENC_FCMLA_ROT:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 12) & 0x3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_FCADD_ROT:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 12) & 0x1), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_SVE_PRFOP:
return Operand{immediate = i64(word & 0xF), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_LDRAA_IMM10:
v := i32((word >> 12) & 0x3FF)
if v & 0x200 != 0 { v |= ~i32(0x3FF) }
return Operand{immediate = i64(v << 3), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 2}
// ---- Batch 5 ----
case .ENC_LSL_IMM_W:
// Recover shift from imms: imms = 31 - imm.
imms := (word >> 10) & 0x1F
return Operand{immediate = i64((31 - imms) & 0x1F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_LSL_IMM_X:
imms := (word >> 10) & 0x3F
return Operand{immediate = i64((63 - imms) & 0x3F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_DUAL_RN_RM:
// Take the Rn slot (9:5) as the source register.
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_X | u16((word >> 5) & 0x1F)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .ENC_ROR_SHIFT:
return Operand{immediate = i64((word >> 10) & 0x3F), kind = .IMMEDIATE, size = 1}
case .ENC_Z_PAIR_VD, .ENC_Z_QUAD_VD:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_Z | u16(word & 0x1F)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .ENC_Z_PAIR_VN, .ENC_Z_QUAD_VN:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_Z | u16((word >> 5) & 0x1F)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
case .ENC_Z_PAIR_VM, .ENC_Z_QUAD_VM:
return Operand{reg = Register(REG_Z | u16((word >> 16) & 0x1F)), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
}
return {}
}
// reg_from_field reconstructs a Register from a 5-bit hw field at `shift`,
// choosing the right class per the form's Operand_Type. SP/WSP variants
// use the REG_XSP/REG_WSP class at hw=31; everything else uses REG_X/REG_W.
@(private="file")
reg_from_field :: #force_inline proc "contextless" (
word: u32, shift: u8, ot: Operand_Type,
) -> Operand {
hw := u16((word >> shift) & 0x1F)
cls: u16 = REG_X
#partial switch ot {
case .W_REG: cls = REG_W
case .X_REG: cls = REG_X
case .WSP_REG: cls = hw == 31 ? REG_WSP : REG_W
case .XSP_REG: cls = hw == 31 ? REG_XSP : REG_X
case .B_REG: cls = REG_B
case .H_REG: cls = REG_H
case .S_REG: cls = REG_S
case .D_REG: cls = REG_D
case .Q_REG: cls = REG_Q
case .V_REG,
.V_8B, .V_16B, .V_4H, .V_8H, .V_2S, .V_4S, .V_1D, .V_2D,
.V_4H_FP16, .V_8H_FP16,
.V_ELEM_B, .V_ELEM_H, .V_ELEM_S, .V_ELEM_D:
cls = REG_V
case .Z_REG_B, .Z_REG_H, .Z_REG_S, .Z_REG_D:
cls = REG_Z
case .P_REG, .P_REG_MERGE, .P_REG_ZERO:
cls = REG_P
}
// SP class needs the special hw=31 marker; everything else uses the
// raw hw with the chosen class.
if (ot == .WSP_REG && hw == 31) || (ot == .XSP_REG && hw == 31) {
return Operand{reg = Register(cls | 31), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
}
return Operand{reg = Register(cls | hw), kind = .REGISTER, size = 4}
}