diff --git a/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager.swift b/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager.swift
index e97f71a62..d7145745f 100644
--- a/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager.swift
+++ b/macos/Sources/Ghostty/Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager.swift
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import AppKit
+import SwiftUI
 
 extension Ghostty {
     /// The manager that's responsible for updating shortcuts of Ghostty's app menu
@@ -22,31 +23,10 @@ extension Ghostty {
         func syncMenuShortcut(_ config: Ghostty.Config, action: String?, menuItem: NSMenuItem?) {
             guard let menu = menuItem else { return }
 
-            guard let action, let shortcut = config.keyboardShortcut(for: action) else {
-                // No shortcut, clear the menu item
+            if !updateMenuShortcut(config, action: action, menuItem: menu) {
                 menu.keyEquivalent = ""
                 menu.keyEquivalentModifierMask = []
-                return
             }
-
-            let keyEquivalent = shortcut.key.character.description
-            let modifierMask = NSEvent.ModifierFlags(swiftUIFlags: shortcut.modifiers)
-            menu.keyEquivalent = keyEquivalent
-            menu.keyEquivalentModifierMask = modifierMask
-
-            // Build a direct lookup for key-equivalent dispatch so we don't need to
-            // linearly walk the full menu hierarchy at event time.
-            guard let key = MenuShortcutKey(
-                // We don't want to check missing `shift` for Ghostty configured shortcuts,
-                // because we know it's there when it needs to be
-                keyEquivalent: keyEquivalent.lowercased(),
-                modifiers: modifierMask
-            ) else {
-                return
-            }
-
-            // Later registrations intentionally override earlier ones for the same key.
-            menuItemsByShortcut[key] = .init(menu)
         }
 
         /// Attempts to perform a menu key equivalent only for menu items that represent
@@ -93,13 +73,43 @@ extension Ghostty {
     }
 }
 
+private extension Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager {
+    /// Syncs a single menu shortcut for the given action. The action string is the same
+    /// action string used for the Ghostty configuration.
+    ///
+    /// - Returns: Whether the menu item is updated and saved in ``menuItemsByShortcut``
+    func updateMenuShortcut(_ config: Ghostty.Config, action: String?, menuItem menu: NSMenuItem) -> Bool {
+        guard
+            let action,
+            let shortcut = config.keyboardShortcut(for: action),
+            // Build a direct lookup for key-equivalent dispatch so we don't need to
+            // linearly walk the full menu hierarchy at event time.
+            let key = MenuShortcutKey(shortcut)
+        else {
+            return false
+        }
+
+        menu.keyEquivalent = key.keyEquivalent
+        menu.keyEquivalentModifierMask = key.modifierFlags
+
+        // Later registrations intentionally override earlier ones for the same key.
+        menuItemsByShortcut[key] = .init(menu)
+        return true
+    }
+}
+
 extension Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager {
     /// Hashable key for a menu shortcut match, normalized for quick lookup.
     struct MenuShortcutKey: Hashable {
         private static let shortcutModifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags = [.shift, .control, .option, .command]
 
         let keyEquivalent: String
-        let modifiersRawValue: UInt
+        // Make it Hashable
+        private let modifiersRawValue: UInt
+
+        var modifierFlags: NSEvent.ModifierFlags {
+            NSEvent.ModifierFlags(rawValue: modifiersRawValue)
+        }
 
         init?(keyEquivalent: String, modifiers: NSEvent.ModifierFlags) {
             let normalized = keyEquivalent.lowercased()
@@ -120,5 +130,32 @@ extension Ghostty.MenuShortcutManager {
             guard let keyEquivalent = event.charactersIgnoringModifiers else { return nil }
             self.init(keyEquivalent: keyEquivalent, modifiers: event.modifierFlags)
         }
+
+        /// Create from a `NSMenuItem`
+        ///
+        /// - Important: This will check whether the `keyEquivalent` is uppercased by `.shift` modifier.
+        init?(_ menuItem: NSMenuItem) {
+            self.init(
+                keyEquivalent: menuItem.keyEquivalent,
+                modifiers: menuItem.keyEquivalentModifierMask,
+            )
+        }
+
+        /// Create from a swiftUI `KeyboardShortcut`
+        init?(_ shortcut: KeyboardShortcut) {
+            // Ghostty configured shortcuts are already normalized
+            // in `Ghostty.keyboardShortcut(for:)`, see also gh-#12039
+            let keyEquivalent = shortcut.key.character.description
+            let modifierMask = NSEvent.ModifierFlags(swiftUIFlags: shortcut.modifiers)
+            self.init(keyEquivalent: keyEquivalent, modifiers: modifierMask)
+        }
+
+        var swiftUIShortcut: KeyboardShortcut? {
+            guard let character = keyEquivalent.first else { return nil }
+            return KeyboardShortcut(
+                KeyEquivalent(character),
+                modifiers: .init(nsFlags: modifierFlags)
+            )
+        }
     }
 }
diff --git a/macos/Tests/Ghostty/NormalizedMenuShortcutKeyTests.swift b/macos/Tests/Ghostty/NormalizedMenuShortcutKeyTests.swift
index 5fb984a2f..73bf9704e 100644
--- a/macos/Tests/Ghostty/NormalizedMenuShortcutKeyTests.swift
+++ b/macos/Tests/Ghostty/NormalizedMenuShortcutKeyTests.swift
@@ -28,28 +28,28 @@ struct NormalizedMenuShortcutKeyTests {
     @Test func preservesShortcutModifiers() {
         let key = Key(keyEquivalent: "c", modifiers: [.shift, .control, .option, .command])
         let allMods: NSEvent.ModifierFlags = [.shift, .control, .option, .command]
-        #expect(key?.modifiersRawValue == allMods.rawValue)
+        #expect(key?.modifierFlags == allMods)
     }
 
     @Test func uppercaseLetterInsertsShift() {
         // "A" is uppercase and case-sensitive, so .shift should be added
         let key = Key(keyEquivalent: "A", modifiers: .command)
-        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags([.command, .shift]).rawValue
-        #expect(key?.modifiersRawValue == expected)
+        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags([.command, .shift])
+        #expect(key?.modifierFlags == expected)
     }
 
     @Test func lowercaseLetterDoesNotInsertShift() {
         let key = Key(keyEquivalent: "a", modifiers: .command)
-        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags.command.rawValue
-        #expect(key?.modifiersRawValue == expected)
+        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags.command
+        #expect(key?.modifierFlags == expected)
     }
 
     @Test func nonCaseSensitiveCharacterDoesNotInsertShift() {
         // "1" is not case-sensitive (uppercased == lowercased is false for digits,
         // but "1".uppercased() == "1".lowercased() == "1" so isCaseSensitive is false)
         let key = Key(keyEquivalent: "1", modifiers: .command)
-        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags.command.rawValue
-        #expect(key?.modifiersRawValue == expected)
+        let expected = NSEvent.ModifierFlags.command
+        #expect(key?.modifierFlags == expected)
     }
 
     // MARK: - Equality / Hashing