ghostty/src/terminal/stream_terminal.zig

const std = @import("std");
const build_options = @import("terminal_options");
const testing = std.testing;
const apc = @import("apc.zig");
const clipboard = @import("clipboard.zig");
const csi = @import("csi.zig");
const dcs = @import("dcs.zig");
const device_attributes = @import("device_attributes.zig");
const device_status = @import("device_status.zig");
const stream = @import("stream.zig");
const Action = stream.Action;
const Screen = @import("Screen.zig");
const color = @import("color.zig");
const modes = @import("modes.zig");
const osc = @import("osc.zig");
const osc_color = @import("osc/parsers/color.zig");
const kitty_color = @import("kitty/color.zig");
const size_report = @import("size_report.zig");
const Terminal = @import("Terminal.zig");

const log = std.log.scoped(.stream_terminal);

/// This is a Stream implementation that processes actions against
/// a Terminal and updates the Terminal state.
pub const Stream = stream.Stream(Handler);

/// A stream handler that updates terminal state. By default, it is
/// readonly in the sense that it only updates terminal state and ignores
/// all other sequences that require a response or otherwise have side
/// effects (e.g. clipboards).
///
/// You can manually set various effects callbacks in the `effects` field
/// to implement certain effects such as bells, titles, clipboard, etc.
pub const Handler = struct {
    /// The terminal state to modify.
    terminal: *Terminal,

    /// True after an error prevented a terminal-owned semantic update.
    ///
    /// When an error happens during terminal processing, streams continue
    /// forward and remain best-effort. A terminal can't really stop in
    /// the middle it must go on. But this is flagged to true to let
    /// consumers know some sort of unhandle-able error state happened
    /// (e.g. an allocation failure).
    ///
    /// Only non-handled outcomes set this. Gracefully handled outcomes
    /// that don't meaningfully negatively impact the terminal state
    /// such as hitting Kitty image limits, failure to write a response,
    /// do not flag this.
    semantic_failure: bool = false,

    /// Callbacks for certain effects that handlers may have. These
    /// may or may not fully replace internal handling of certain effects,
    /// but they allow for the handler to trigger or query external
    /// effects.
    effects: Effects = .readonly,

    /// The APC command handler maintains the APC state. APC is like
    /// CSI or OSC, but it is a private escape sequence that is used
    /// to send commands to the terminal emulator. This is used by
    /// the kitty graphics protocol.
    apc_handler: apc.Handler = .{},

    /// The DCS command handler maintains state for DCS queries.
    dcs_handler: dcs.Handler = .{},

    pub const Effects = struct {
        /// Called when the terminal needs to write data back to the pty,
        /// e.g. in response to a DECRQM query. The data is only valid
        /// during the lifetime of the call so callers must copy it
        /// if it needs to be stored or used after the call returns.
        write_pty: ?*const fn (*Handler, [:0]const u8) void,

        /// Called when the bell is rung (BEL).
        bell: ?*const fn (*Handler) void,

        /// Called when the running program requests a desktop notification
        /// via OSC 9 or OSC 777. The title and body are borrowed and only
        /// valid for the duration of the callback.
        desktop_notification: ?*const fn (*Handler, Action.ShowDesktopNotification) void,

        /// Called in response to a color scheme DSR query (CSI ? 996 n).
        /// Returns the current color scheme. Return null to silently
        /// ignore the query.
        color_scheme: ?*const fn (*Handler) ?device_status.ColorScheme,

        /// Called in response to a device attributes query (CSI c,
        /// CSI > c, CSI = c). Returns the response to encode and
        /// write back to the pty.
        device_attributes: ?*const fn (*Handler) device_attributes.Attributes,

        /// Called in response to ENQ (0x05). Returns the raw response
        /// bytes to write back to the pty. The returned memory must be
        /// valid for the lifetime of the call.
        enquiry: ?*const fn (*Handler) []const u8,

        /// Called in response to XTWINOPS size queries (CSI 14/16/18 t).
        /// Returns the current terminal geometry used for encoding.
        /// Return null to silently ignore the query.
        size: ?*const fn (*Handler) ?size_report.Size,

        /// Called when the terminal title changes via escape sequences
        /// (e.g. OSC 0/2). The new title can be queried via
        /// handler.terminal.getTitle().
        title_changed: ?*const fn (*Handler) void,

        /// Called when the terminal pwd changes via escape sequences
        /// (e.g. OSC 7). The new pwd can be queried via
        /// handler.terminal.getPwd().
        pwd_changed: ?*const fn (*Handler) void,

        /// Called when the running program reports progress via OSC 9;4.
        progress_report: ?*const fn (*Handler, osc.Command.ProgressReport) void,

        /// Called when the running program writes to a clipboard. The write
        /// has a normalized destination and one or more decoded MIME
        /// representations. All request, MIME, and data memory is borrowed
        /// and only valid for the duration of the callback.
        ///
        /// A write with no contents clears the destination. A content entry
        /// with empty data is a distinct empty representation.
        ///
        /// Clipboard read requests (OSC 52 with a "?" payload) are never
        /// forwarded: answering one would let any program running in the
        /// terminal silently read the user's clipboard, and a VT state
        /// library has no way to mediate that with user consent.
        clipboard_write: ?*const fn (*Handler, clipboard.Write) clipboard.WriteResult,

        /// Called in response to an XTVERSION query. Returns the version
        /// string to report (e.g. "ghostty 1.2.3"). The returned memory
        /// must be valid for the lifetime of the call. The maximum length
        /// is 256 bytes; longer strings will be silently ignored.
        xtversion: ?*const fn (*Handler) []const u8,

        /// No effects means that the stream effectively becomes readonly
        /// that only affects pure terminal state and ignores all side
        /// effects beyond that.
        pub const readonly: Effects = .{
            .bell = null,
            .clipboard_write = null,
            .color_scheme = null,
            .desktop_notification = null,
            .device_attributes = null,
            .enquiry = null,
            .progress_report = null,
            .size = null,
            .title_changed = null,
            .pwd_changed = null,
            .write_pty = null,
            .xtversion = null,
        };
    };

    pub fn init(terminal: *Terminal) Handler {
        return .{
            .terminal = terminal,
        };
    }

    pub fn deinit(self: *Handler) void {
        self.apc_handler.deinit();
        self.dcs_handler.deinit();
    }

    /// Resize the terminal and apply any side effects (if supported)
    /// as a result of that.
    ///
    /// This is different than a direct `Terminal.resize` operation
    /// because it also handles the side effects like mode 2048 in-band
    /// size reports if write_pty is set.
    pub fn resize(self: *Handler, value: Terminal.Resize) !void {
        try self.terminal.resize(self.terminal.gpa(), value);

        // Mode 2048 reports require complete, current cell pixel geometry.
        const cell_size = value.cell_size_px orelse return;

        // If we have no in-band size reports enabled then do nothing.
        if (!self.terminal.modes.get(.in_band_size_reports)) return;

        // If we have no write_pty effect, do nothing.
        const write_pty = self.effects.write_pty orelse return;

        // The maximum mode-2048 response is covered by size_report's maximum
        // value test. Reserve the final byte for the callback's sentinel.
        var buf: [128]u8 = undefined;
        var writer: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(buf[0 .. buf.len - 1]);
        size_report.encode(&writer, .mode_2048, .{
            .rows = value.rows,
            .columns = value.cols,
            .cell_width = cell_size.width,
            .cell_height = cell_size.height,
        }) catch unreachable;
        buf[writer.end] = 0;
        write_pty(self, buf[0..writer.end :0]);
    }

    pub fn vt(
        self: *Handler,
        comptime action: Action.Tag,
        value: Action.Value(action),
    ) void {
        self.vtFallible(action, value) catch |err| {
            self.semantic_failure = true;
            log.warn("error handling VT action action={} err={}", .{ action, err });
        };
    }

    inline fn vtFallible(
        self: *Handler,
        comptime action: Action.Tag,
        value: Action.Value(action),
    ) !void {
        switch (action) {
            .print => try self.terminal.print(value.cp),
            .print_slice => try self.terminal.printSlice(value.cps),
            .print_repeat => try self.terminal.printRepeat(value),
            .backspace => self.terminal.backspace(),
            .carriage_return => self.terminal.carriageReturn(),
            .linefeed => try self.terminal.linefeed(),
            .index => try self.terminal.index(),
            .next_line => {
                try self.terminal.index();
                self.terminal.carriageReturn();
            },
            .reverse_index => self.terminal.reverseIndex(),
            .cursor_up => self.terminal.cursorUp(value.value),
            .cursor_down => self.terminal.cursorDown(value.value),
            .cursor_left => self.terminal.cursorLeft(value.value),
            .cursor_right => self.terminal.cursorRight(value.value),
            .cursor_pos => self.terminal.setCursorPos(value.row, value.col),
            .cursor_col => self.terminal.setCursorPos(self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.y + 1, value.value),
            .cursor_row => self.terminal.setCursorPos(value.value, self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x + 1),
            .cursor_col_relative => self.terminal.setCursorPos(
                self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.y + 1,
                self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x + 1 +| value.value,
            ),
            .cursor_row_relative => self.terminal.setCursorPos(
                self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.y + 1 +| value.value,
                self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x + 1,
            ),
            .cursor_style => self.terminal.setCursorStyle(value),
            .erase_display_below => self.terminal.eraseDisplay(.below, value),
            .erase_display_above => self.terminal.eraseDisplay(.above, value),
            .erase_display_complete => self.terminal.eraseDisplay(.complete, value),
            .erase_display_scrollback => self.terminal.eraseDisplay(.scrollback, value),
            .erase_display_scroll_complete => self.terminal.eraseDisplay(.scroll_complete, value),
            .erase_line_right => self.terminal.eraseLine(.right, value),
            .erase_line_left => self.terminal.eraseLine(.left, value),
            .erase_line_complete => self.terminal.eraseLine(.complete, value),
            .erase_line_right_unless_pending_wrap => self.terminal.eraseLine(.right_unless_pending_wrap, value),
            .delete_chars => self.terminal.deleteChars(value),
            .erase_chars => self.terminal.eraseChars(value),
            .insert_lines => self.terminal.insertLines(value),
            .insert_blanks => self.terminal.insertBlanks(value),
            .delete_lines => self.terminal.deleteLines(value),
            .scroll_up => try self.terminal.scrollUp(value),
            .scroll_down => self.terminal.scrollDown(value),
            .horizontal_tab => self.horizontalTab(value),
            .horizontal_tab_back => self.horizontalTabBack(value),
            .tab_clear_current => self.terminal.tabClear(.current),
            .tab_clear_all => self.terminal.tabClear(.all),
            .tab_set => self.terminal.tabSet(),
            .tab_reset => self.terminal.tabReset(),
            .set_mode => try self.setMode(value.mode, true),
            .reset_mode => try self.setMode(value.mode, false),
            .save_mode => self.terminal.modes.save(value.mode),
            .restore_mode => {
                const v = self.terminal.modes.restore(value.mode);
                try self.setMode(value.mode, v);
            },
            .top_and_bottom_margin => self.terminal.setTopAndBottomMargin(value.top_left, value.bottom_right),
            .left_and_right_margin => self.terminal.setLeftAndRightMargin(value.top_left, value.bottom_right),
            .left_and_right_margin_ambiguous => {
                if (self.terminal.modes.get(.enable_left_and_right_margin)) {
                    self.terminal.setLeftAndRightMargin(0, 0);
                } else {
                    self.terminal.saveCursor();
                }
            },
            .save_cursor => self.terminal.saveCursor(),
            .restore_cursor => self.terminal.restoreCursor(),
            .invoke_charset => self.terminal.invokeCharset(value.bank, value.charset, value.locking),
            .configure_charset => self.terminal.configureCharset(value.slot, value.charset),
            .set_attribute => switch (value) {
                .unknown => {},
                else => try self.terminal.setAttribute(value),
            },
            .protected_mode_off => self.terminal.setProtectedMode(.off),
            .protected_mode_iso => self.terminal.setProtectedMode(.iso),
            .protected_mode_dec => self.terminal.setProtectedMode(.dec),
            .mouse_shift_capture => self.terminal.flags.mouse_shift_capture = if (value) .true else .false,
            .kitty_keyboard_push => self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.push(value.flags),
            .kitty_keyboard_pop => self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.pop(@intCast(value)),
            .kitty_keyboard_set => self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.set(.set, value.flags),
            .kitty_keyboard_set_or => self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.set(.@"or", value.flags),
            .kitty_keyboard_set_not => self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.set(.not, value.flags),
            .modify_key_format => {
                self.terminal.flags.modify_other_keys_2 = false;
                switch (value) {
                    .other_keys_numeric => self.terminal.flags.modify_other_keys_2 = true,
                    else => {},
                }
            },
            .active_status_display => self.terminal.status_display = value,
            .decaln => try self.terminal.decaln(),
            .full_reset => self.terminal.fullReset(),
            .start_hyperlink => try self.terminal.screens.active.startHyperlink(value.uri, value.id),
            .end_hyperlink => self.terminal.screens.active.endHyperlink(),
            .semantic_prompt => try self.terminal.semanticPrompt(value),
            .mouse_shape => self.terminal.mouse_shape = value,
            .color_operation => self.colorOperation(
                &value.requests,
                value.terminator,
            ) catch |err| log.warn("error reporting OSC color err={}", .{err}),
            .kitty_color_report => self.kittyColorOperation(value) catch |err| {
                log.warn("error reporting Kitty colors err={}", .{err});
            },

            // APC
            .apc_start => self.apc_handler.start(),
            .apc_put => self.apc_handler.feed(self.terminal.gpa(), value),
            .apc_put_slice => self.apc_handler.feedSlice(self.terminal.gpa(), value.bytes),
            .apc_end => self.apcEnd(),

            // Effect-based handlers
            .bell => self.bell(),
            .show_desktop_notification => self.desktopNotification(value),
            .device_attributes => self.reportDeviceAttributes(value),
            .device_status => self.deviceStatus(value.request),
            .enquiry => self.reportEnquiry(),
            .kitty_keyboard_query => self.queryKittyKeyboard(),
            .request_mode => self.requestMode(value.mode),
            .request_mode_unknown => self.requestModeUnknown(value.mode, value.ansi),
            .size_report => self.reportSize(value),
            .window_title => try self.windowTitle(value.title),
            .report_pwd => try self.reportPwd(value.url),
            .progress_report => self.progressReport(value),
            .xtversion => self.reportXtversion(),
            .clipboard_contents => self.clipboardContents(
                value.kind,
                value.data,
            ) catch |err| {
                // Clipboard writes are external effects, not terminal state.
                log.warn("error handling clipboard write err={}", .{err});
            },

            .dcs_hook => try self.dcsHook(value),
            .dcs_put => try self.dcsPut(value),
            .dcs_unhook => try self.dcsUnhook(),

            // Have no terminal-modifying effect
            .title_push,
            .title_pop,
            => {},
        }
    }

    inline fn writePty(self: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
        const func = self.effects.write_pty orelse return;
        func(self, data);
    }

    fn dcsHook(self: *Handler, value: Action.Value(.dcs_hook)) !void {
        var cmd = self.dcs_handler.hook(
            self.terminal.gpa(),
            value,
        ) orelse return;
        defer cmd.deinit();
        try self.dcsCommand(&cmd);
    }

    fn dcsPut(self: *Handler, value: u8) !void {
        var cmd = self.dcs_handler.put(value) orelse return;
        defer cmd.deinit();
        try self.dcsCommand(&cmd);
    }

    fn dcsUnhook(self: *Handler) !void {
        var cmd = self.dcs_handler.unhook() orelse return;
        defer cmd.deinit();
        try self.dcsCommand(&cmd);
    }

    fn dcsCommand(self: *Handler, cmd: *dcs.Command) !void {
        switch (cmd.*) {
            .decrqss => |request| {
                var response: [
                    dcs.Command.DECRQSS.max_response_bytes + 1
                ]u8 = undefined;
                const encoded = try request.encode(
                    self.terminal,
                    response[0 .. response.len - 1],
                );
                response[encoded.len] = 0;
                self.writePty(response[0..encoded.len :0]);
            },

            .tmux,
            .xtgettcap,
            => {},
        }
    }

    fn bell(self: *Handler) void {
        const func = self.effects.bell orelse return;
        func(self);
    }

    fn desktopNotification(
        self: *Handler,
        notification: Action.ShowDesktopNotification,
    ) void {
        const func = self.effects.desktop_notification orelse return;
        func(self, notification);
    }

    fn progressReport(self: *Handler, report: osc.Command.ProgressReport) void {
        const func = self.effects.progress_report orelse return;
        func(self, report);
    }

    fn clipboardContents(self: *Handler, kind: u8, data: []const u8) !void {
        const func = self.effects.clipboard_write orelse return;

        // Read requests are deliberately not forwarded; see the effect docs.
        if (data.len == 1 and data[0] == '?') return;

        const location: clipboard.Location = switch (kind) {
            's' => .selection,
            'p' => .primary,
            else => .standard,
        };

        // OSC 52 uses an empty payload to clear the selected clipboard.
        if (data.len == 0) {
            _ = func(self, .{
                .location = location,
                .contents = &.{},
            });
            return;
        }

        const decoder = std.base64.standard.Decoder;
        const decoded_len = try decoder.calcSizeForSlice(data);
        const alloc = self.terminal.gpa();
        const decoded = try alloc.alloc(u8, decoded_len);
        defer alloc.free(decoded);
        try decoder.decode(decoded, data);

        const contents = [_]clipboard.Content{.{
            .mime = "text/plain",
            .data = decoded,
        }};
        _ = func(self, .{
            .location = location,
            .contents = &contents,
        });
    }

    fn reportDeviceAttributes(self: *Handler, req: device_attributes.Req) void {
        const func = self.effects.device_attributes orelse return;
        const attrs = func(self);

        var stack = std.heap.stackFallback(128, self.terminal.gpa());
        const alloc = stack.get();

        var aw: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(alloc);
        defer aw.deinit();

        attrs.encode(req, &aw.writer) catch return;

        const written = aw.toOwnedSliceSentinel(0) catch return;
        defer alloc.free(written);
        self.writePty(written);
    }

    fn deviceStatus(self: *Handler, req: device_status.Request) void {
        switch (req) {
            .operating_status => self.writePty("\x1B[0n"),

            .cursor_position => {
                const pos: struct {
                    x: usize,
                    y: usize,
                } = if (self.terminal.modes.get(.origin)) .{
                    .x = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x -| self.terminal.scrolling_region.left,
                    .y = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.y -| self.terminal.scrolling_region.top,
                } else .{
                    .x = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x,
                    .y = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.y,
                };

                var buf: [64]u8 = undefined;
                const resp = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&buf, "\x1B[{};{}R", .{
                    pos.y + 1,
                    pos.x + 1,
                }) catch return;
                self.writePty(resp);
            },

            .color_scheme => {
                const func = self.effects.color_scheme orelse return;
                const scheme = func(self) orelse return;
                var buf: [device_status.max_color_scheme_report_encode_size + 1]u8 = undefined;
                var writer: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(buf[0..device_status.max_color_scheme_report_encode_size]);
                device_status.encodeColorSchemeReport(&writer, scheme) catch return;
                buf[writer.end] = 0;
                self.writePty(buf[0..writer.end :0]);
            },
        }
    }

    fn reportEnquiry(self: *Handler) void {
        const func = self.effects.enquiry orelse return;
        const response = func(self);
        if (response.len == 0) return;
        var buf: [256]u8 = undefined;
        if (response.len >= buf.len) return;
        @memcpy(buf[0..response.len], response);
        buf[response.len] = 0;
        self.writePty(buf[0..response.len :0]);
    }

    fn reportXtversion(self: *Handler) void {
        const version = if (self.effects.xtversion) |func| func(self) else "";
        var buf: [288]u8 = undefined;
        const resp = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(
            &buf,
            "\x1BP>|{s}\x1B\\",
            .{if (version.len > 0) version else "libghostty"},
        ) catch return;
        self.writePty(resp);
    }

    fn reportSize(self: *Handler, style: csi.SizeReportStyle) void {
        // Almost all size reports will fit in 256 bytes so try that
        // on the stack before falling back to a heap allocation.
        var stack = std.heap.stackFallback(
            256,
            self.terminal.gpa(),
        );
        const alloc = stack.get();

        // Allocating writing to accumulate the response.
        var aw: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(alloc);
        defer aw.deinit();

        // Build the response.
        switch (style) {
            .csi_21_t => {
                const title = self.terminal.getTitle() orelse "";
                aw.writer.print("\x1b]l{s}\x1b\\", .{title}) catch return;
            },

            .csi_14_t, .csi_16_t, .csi_18_t => {
                const get_size = self.effects.size orelse return;
                const s = get_size(self) orelse return;
                const report_style: size_report.Style = switch (style) {
                    .csi_14_t => .csi_14_t,
                    .csi_16_t => .csi_16_t,
                    .csi_18_t => .csi_18_t,
                    .csi_21_t => unreachable,
                };
                size_report.encode(
                    &aw.writer,
                    report_style,
                    s,
                ) catch |err| {
                    log.warn("error encoding size report err={}", .{err});
                    return;
                };
            },
        }

        const resp = aw.toOwnedSliceSentinel(0) catch return;
        defer alloc.free(resp);
        self.writePty(resp);
    }

    fn windowTitle(self: *Handler, title_raw: []const u8) !void {
        // Prevent DoS attacks by limiting title length.
        const max_title_len = 1024;
        const title = if (title_raw.len > max_title_len) title: {
            log.warn("title length {d} exceeds max length {d}, truncating", .{
                title_raw.len,
                max_title_len,
            });
            break :title title_raw[0..max_title_len];
        } else title_raw;

        try self.terminal.setTitle(title);

        const func = self.effects.title_changed orelse return;
        func(self);
    }

    fn reportPwd(self: *Handler, url_raw: []const u8) !void {
        // Prevent DoS attacks by limiting url length. Headroom for
        // Linux PATH_MAX (4096) plus URI scheme/host and percent-encoding.
        const max_url_len = 4096;
        const url = if (url_raw.len > max_url_len) url: {
            log.warn("pwd url length {d} exceeds max length {d}, truncating", .{
                url_raw.len,
                max_url_len,
            });
            break :url url_raw[0..max_url_len];
        } else url_raw;

        // We store the raw payload unparsed. Embedders read it via
        // getPwd() and are responsible for decoding any URI scheme.
        try self.terminal.setPwd(url);

        const func = self.effects.pwd_changed orelse return;
        func(self);
    }

    fn requestMode(self: *Handler, mode: modes.Mode) void {
        const report = self.terminal.modes.getReport(.fromMode(mode));
        self.sendModeReport(report);
    }

    fn requestModeUnknown(self: *Handler, mode_raw: u16, ansi: bool) void {
        const report = self.terminal.modes.getReport(.{
            .value = @truncate(mode_raw),
            .ansi = ansi,
        });
        self.sendModeReport(report);
    }

    fn sendModeReport(self: *Handler, report: modes.Report) void {
        var buf: [modes.Report.max_size + 1]u8 = undefined;
        var writer: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&buf);
        report.encode(&writer) catch |err| {
            log.warn("error encoding mode report err={}", .{err});
            return;
        };
        const len = writer.buffered().len;
        buf[len] = 0;
        self.writePty(buf[0..len :0]);
    }

    fn queryKittyKeyboard(self: *Handler) void {
        // Max response is "\x1b[?31u\x00" (7 bytes): the flags are a u5 (max 31).
        var buf: [32]u8 = undefined;
        const resp = std.fmt.bufPrintZ(&buf, "\x1b[?{}u", .{
            self.terminal.screens.active.kitty_keyboard.current().int(),
        }) catch return;
        self.writePty(resp);
    }

    inline fn horizontalTab(self: *Handler, count: u16) void {
        for (0..count) |_| {
            const x = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x;
            self.terminal.horizontalTab();
            if (x == self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x) break;
        }
    }

    inline fn horizontalTabBack(self: *Handler, count: u16) void {
        for (0..count) |_| {
            const x = self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x;
            self.terminal.horizontalTabBack();
            if (x == self.terminal.screens.active.cursor.x) break;
        }
    }

    fn setMode(self: *Handler, mode: modes.Mode, enabled: bool) !void {
        // Set the mode on the terminal
        self.terminal.modes.set(mode, enabled);

        // Some modes require additional processing
        switch (mode) {
            .autorepeat,
            .reverse_colors,
            => {},

            .origin => self.terminal.setCursorPos(1, 1),

            .enable_left_and_right_margin => if (!enabled) {
                self.terminal.scrolling_region.left = 0;
                self.terminal.scrolling_region.right = self.terminal.cols - 1;
            },

            .alt_screen_legacy => try self.terminal.switchScreenMode(.@"47", enabled),
            .alt_screen => try self.terminal.switchScreenMode(.@"1047", enabled),
            .alt_screen_save_cursor_clear_enter => try self.terminal.switchScreenMode(.@"1049", enabled),

            .save_cursor => if (enabled) {
                self.terminal.saveCursor();
            } else {
                self.terminal.restoreCursor();
            },

            .enable_mode_3 => {},

            .@"132_column" => try self.terminal.deccolm(
                self.terminal.screens.active.alloc,
                if (enabled) .@"132_cols" else .@"80_cols",
            ),

            .synchronized_output,
            .linefeed,
            .in_band_size_reports,
            .focus_event,
            => {},

            .mouse_event_x10 => {
                if (enabled) {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .x10;
                } else {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .none;
                }
            },
            .mouse_event_normal => {
                if (enabled) {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .normal;
                } else {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .none;
                }
            },
            .mouse_event_button => {
                if (enabled) {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .button;
                } else {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .none;
                }
            },
            .mouse_event_any => {
                if (enabled) {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .any;
                } else {
                    self.terminal.flags.mouse_event = .none;
                }
            },

            .mouse_format_utf8 => self.terminal.flags.mouse_format = if (enabled) .utf8 else .x10,
            .mouse_format_sgr => self.terminal.flags.mouse_format = if (enabled) .sgr else .x10,
            .mouse_format_urxvt => self.terminal.flags.mouse_format = if (enabled) .urxvt else .x10,
            .mouse_format_sgr_pixels => self.terminal.flags.mouse_format = if (enabled) .sgr_pixels else .x10,

            else => {},
        }
    }

    fn colorOperation(
        self: *Handler,
        requests: *const osc_color.List,
        terminator: osc.Terminator,
    ) !void {
        if (requests.count() == 0) return;

        var stack = std.heap.stackFallback(1024, self.terminal.gpa());
        const alloc = stack.get();
        var response: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(alloc);
        defer response.deinit();
        const writer = &response.writer;

        var it = requests.constIterator(0);
        while (it.next()) |req| {
            switch (req.*) {
                .set => |set| {
                    switch (set.target) {
                        .palette => |i| {
                            self.terminal.flags.dirty.palette = true;
                            self.terminal.colors.palette.set(i, set.color);
                        },
                        .dynamic => |dynamic| switch (dynamic) {
                            .foreground => self.terminal.colors.foreground.set(set.color),
                            .background => self.terminal.colors.background.set(set.color),
                            .cursor => self.terminal.colors.cursor.set(set.color),
                            .pointer_foreground,
                            .pointer_background,
                            .tektronix_foreground,
                            .tektronix_background,
                            .highlight_background,
                            .tektronix_cursor,
                            .highlight_foreground,
                            => {},
                        },
                        .special => {},
                    }
                },

                .reset => |target| switch (target) {
                    .palette => |i| {
                        self.terminal.flags.dirty.palette = true;
                        self.terminal.colors.palette.reset(i);
                    },
                    .dynamic => |dynamic| switch (dynamic) {
                        .foreground => self.terminal.colors.foreground.reset(),
                        .background => self.terminal.colors.background.reset(),
                        .cursor => self.terminal.colors.cursor.reset(),
                        .pointer_foreground,
                        .pointer_background,
                        .tektronix_foreground,
                        .tektronix_background,
                        .highlight_background,
                        .tektronix_cursor,
                        .highlight_foreground,
                        => {},
                    },
                    .special => {},
                },

                .reset_palette => {
                    const mask = &self.terminal.colors.palette.mask;
                    var mask_it = mask.iterator(.{});
                    while (mask_it.next()) |i| {
                        self.terminal.flags.dirty.palette = true;
                        self.terminal.colors.palette.reset(@intCast(i));
                    }
                    mask.* = .initEmpty();
                },

                .query => |target| {
                    if (self.effects.write_pty == null) continue;
                    const c = self.terminal.colorForXterm(target) orelse continue;
                    try writeXtermColorReport(writer, target, c, terminator);
                },

                .reset_special => {},
            }
        }

        if (response.written().len > 0) {
            const resp = try response.toOwnedSliceSentinel(0);
            defer alloc.free(resp);
            self.writePty(resp);
        }
    }

    fn writeXtermColorReport(
        writer: *std.Io.Writer,
        target: osc_color.Target,
        c: color.RGB,
        terminator: osc.Terminator,
    ) !void {
        switch (target) {
            .palette => |i| {
                try writer.print("\x1b]4;{d};", .{i});
                try c.encodeRgb16(writer);
                try writer.writeAll(terminator.string());
            },
            .dynamic => |dynamic| switch (dynamic) {
                .foreground,
                .background,
                .cursor,
                => {
                    try writer.print("\x1b]{d};", .{@intFromEnum(dynamic)});
                    try c.encodeRgb16(writer);
                    try writer.writeAll(terminator.string());
                },
                .pointer_foreground,
                .pointer_background,
                .tektronix_foreground,
                .tektronix_background,
                .highlight_background,
                .tektronix_cursor,
                .highlight_foreground,
                => {},
            },
            .special => {},
        }
    }

    fn kittyColorOperation(
        self: *Handler,
        request: kitty_color.OSC,
    ) !void {
        var stack = std.heap.stackFallback(1024, self.terminal.gpa());
        const alloc = stack.get();
        var response: std.Io.Writer.Allocating = .init(alloc);
        defer response.deinit();
        const writer = &response.writer;

        for (request.list.items) |item| {
            switch (item) {
                .set => |v| switch (v.key) {
                    .palette => |palette| {
                        self.terminal.flags.dirty.palette = true;
                        self.terminal.colors.palette.set(palette, v.color);
                    },
                    .special => |special| switch (special) {
                        .foreground => self.terminal.colors.foreground.set(v.color),
                        .background => self.terminal.colors.background.set(v.color),
                        .cursor => self.terminal.colors.cursor.set(v.color),
                        else => {},
                    },
                },
                .reset => |key| switch (key) {
                    .palette => |palette| {
                        self.terminal.flags.dirty.palette = true;
                        self.terminal.colors.palette.reset(palette);
                    },
                    .special => |special| switch (special) {
                        .foreground => self.terminal.colors.foreground.reset(),
                        .background => self.terminal.colors.background.reset(),
                        .cursor => self.terminal.colors.cursor.reset(),
                        else => {},
                    },
                },
                .query => |key| {
                    if (self.effects.write_pty == null) continue;
                    const c = self.terminal.colorForKitty(key) orelse {
                        if (!key.hasTerminalQueryColor()) continue;
                        if (response.written().len == 0) try writer.writeAll("\x1b]21");
                        try writer.print(";{f}=", .{key});
                        continue;
                    };

                    if (response.written().len == 0) try writer.writeAll("\x1b]21");
                    try writer.print(";{f}=", .{key});
                    try c.encodeRgb8(writer);
                },
            }
        }

        if (response.written().len > 0) {
            try writer.writeAll(request.terminator.string());
            const resp = try response.toOwnedSliceSentinel(0);
            defer alloc.free(resp);
            self.writePty(resp);
        }
    }

    fn apcEnd(self: *Handler) void {
        const io = self.terminal.io();
        const alloc = self.terminal.gpa();
        var cmd = self.apc_handler.end() orelse return;
        defer cmd.deinit(alloc);

        switch (cmd) {
            .kitty => |*kitty_cmd| if (comptime build_options.kitty_graphics) {
                if (self.terminal.kittyGraphics(
                    io,
                    alloc,
                    kitty_cmd,
                )) |resp| resp: {
                    // Don't waste time encoding if we can't write responses
                    // anyways.
                    if (self.effects.write_pty == null) break :resp;

                    // Encode and write the response if we have one.
                    var buf: [1024]u8 = undefined;
                    var writer: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&buf);
                    resp.encode(&writer) catch return;
                    writer.writeByte(0) catch return;
                    const final = writer.buffered();
                    if (final.len > 3) self.writePty(final[0 .. final.len - 1 :0]);
                }
            },

            .glyph => |*glyph_req| {
                const resp = self.terminal.glyphProtocol(alloc, glyph_req);
                if (resp) |r| resp_block: {
                    // Don't waste time encoding if we can't write responses
                    // anyways.
                    if (self.effects.write_pty == null) break :resp_block;

                    // Glyph responses are short and bounded by the protocol
                    // fields we emit, so this matches the Kitty response
                    // buffer size above with ample headroom.
                    var buf: [apc.glyph.Response.max_wire_bytes]u8 = undefined;
                    var writer: std.Io.Writer = .fixed(&buf);
                    r.formatWire(&writer) catch return;
                    writer.writeByte(0) catch return;
                    const final = writer.buffered();
                    self.writePty(final[0 .. final.len - 1 :0]);
                }
            },
        }
    }
};

test "resize clears synchronized output on unchanged cell dimensions" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    t.modes.set(.synchronized_output, true);
    try s.handler.resize(.{
        .cols = 80,
        .rows = 24,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    });

    try testing.expect(!t.modes.get(.synchronized_output));
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, 720), t.width_px);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, 432), t.height_px);
}

test "resize reports mode 2048 geometry" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var response: [128]u8 = undefined;
        var response_len: usize = 0;

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            @memcpy(response[0..data.len], data);
            response_len = data.len;
        }
    };
    S.response_len = 0;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    t.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    try s.handler.resize(.{
        .cols = 100,
        .rows = 40,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    });

    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1B[48;40;100;720;900t",
        S.response[0..S.response_len],
    );
}

test "resize suppresses mode 2048 reports" {
    const S = struct {
        var calls: usize = 0;

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, _: [:0]const u8) void {
            calls += 1;
        }
    };
    S.calls = 0;

    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);
    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Disabled mode suppresses a report even with pixels and a callback.
    try s.handler.resize(.{
        .cols = 80,
        .rows = 24,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    });
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.calls);

    // Missing pixel geometry suppresses a report even with the mode enabled.
    t.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    try s.handler.resize(.{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.calls);

    // A read-only stream has no write effect and remains successful.
    var readonly_terminal: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 },
    );
    defer readonly_terminal.deinit(testing.allocator);
    readonly_terminal.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    var readonly_stream: Stream = .initAlloc(
        testing.allocator,
        .init(&readonly_terminal),
    );
    defer readonly_stream.deinit();
    try readonly_stream.handler.resize(.{
        .cols = 80,
        .rows = 24,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    });
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.calls);
}

test "resize failure preserves terminal state and does not write" {
    var failing = testing.FailingAllocator.init(testing.allocator, .{});
    const alloc = failing.allocator();
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, alloc, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 1 });
    defer t.deinit(alloc);

    const S = struct {
        var called: bool = false;

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, _: [:0]const u8) void {
            called = true;
        }
    };
    S.called = false;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(alloc, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    t.modes.set(.synchronized_output, true);
    t.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    failing.fail_index = failing.alloc_index;
    try testing.expectError(error.OutOfMemory, s.handler.resize(.{
        .cols = 513,
        .rows = 1,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    }));

    try testing.expect(t.modes.get(.synchronized_output));
    try testing.expect(!S.called);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(@TypeOf(t.cols), 10), t.cols);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, 0), t.width_px);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u32, 0), t.height_px);
}

test "resize effects do not change canonical terminal state" {
    var authoritative: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 5 },
    );
    defer authoritative.deinit(testing.allocator);
    var readonly: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 5 },
    );
    defer readonly.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, _: [:0]const u8) void {}
    };
    var authoritative_handler: Handler = .init(&authoritative);
    authoritative_handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    var authoritative_stream: Stream = .initAlloc(
        testing.allocator,
        authoritative_handler,
    );
    defer authoritative_stream.deinit();
    var readonly_stream: Stream = .initAlloc(
        testing.allocator,
        .init(&readonly),
    );
    defer readonly_stream.deinit();

    authoritative.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    readonly.modes.set(.in_band_size_reports, true);
    const value: Terminal.Resize = .{
        .cols = 20,
        .rows = 10,
        .cell_size_px = .{ .width = 9, .height = 18 },
    };
    try authoritative_stream.handler.resize(value);
    try readonly_stream.handler.resize(value);

    try testing.expectEqual(authoritative.cols, readonly.cols);
    try testing.expectEqual(authoritative.rows, readonly.rows);
    try testing.expectEqual(authoritative.width_px, readonly.width_px);
    try testing.expectEqual(authoritative.height_px, readonly.height_px);
    try testing.expect(std.meta.eql(authoritative.modes, readonly.modes));
    try testing.expect(std.meta.eql(
        authoritative.scrolling_region,
        readonly.scrolling_region,
    ));
}

test "basic print" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 5), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Hello", str);
}

test "semantic failure is sticky while processing continues" {
    var failing = testing.FailingAllocator.init(testing.allocator, .{});
    const alloc = failing.allocator();
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, alloc, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 2 });
    defer t.deinit(alloc);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(alloc, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();
    try testing.expect(!s.handler.semantic_failure);

    // Setting the title is a terminal-owned semantic update. Force its
    // allocation to fail at the central vtFallible boundary.
    failing.fail_index = failing.alloc_index;
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]2;unavailable\x1B\\");
    try testing.expect(s.handler.semantic_failure);

    // Later input and RIS remain best-effort and never clear the diagnostic.
    failing.fail_index = std.math.maxInt(usize);
    s.nextSlice("ignored");
    s.nextSlice("\x1Bc");
    s.nextSlice("OK");
    try testing.expect(s.handler.semantic_failure);

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("OK", str);

    // A new execution root starts without inheriting the diagnostic.
    var fresh = Handler.init(&t);
    defer fresh.deinit();
    try testing.expect(!fresh.semantic_failure);
}

test "cursor movement" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Move cursor using escape sequences
    s.nextSlice("Hello\x1B[1;1H");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    // Move to position 2,3
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[2;3H");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
}

test "erase operations" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 20, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Print some text
    s.nextSlice("Hello World");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 11), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    // Move cursor to position 1,6 and erase from cursor to end of line
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[1;6H");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[K");

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Hello", str);
}

test "tabs" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("A\tB");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 9), t.screens.active.cursor.x);

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("A       B", str);
}

test "modes" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Test wraparound mode
    try testing.expect(t.modes.get(.wraparound));
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7l"); // Disable wraparound
    try testing.expect(!t.modes.get(.wraparound));
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7h"); // Enable wraparound
    try testing.expect(t.modes.get(.wraparound));
}

test "scrolling regions" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set scrolling region from line 5 to 20
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5;20r");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 4), t.scrolling_region.top);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 19), t.scrolling_region.bottom);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.scrolling_region.left);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 79), t.scrolling_region.right);
}

test "charsets" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Configure G0 as DEC special graphics
    s.nextSlice("\x1B(0");
    s.nextSlice("`"); // Should print diamond character

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("◆", str);
}

test "alt screen" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 5 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Write to primary screen
    s.nextSlice("Primary");
    try testing.expectEqual(.primary, t.screens.active_key);

    // Switch to alt screen
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?1049h");
    try testing.expectEqual(.alternate, t.screens.active_key);

    // Write to alt screen
    s.nextSlice("Alt");

    // Switch back to primary
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?1049l");
    try testing.expectEqual(.primary, t.screens.active_key);

    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Primary", str);
}

test "cursor save and restore" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Move cursor to 10,15
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[10;15H");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 14), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 9), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    // Save cursor
    s.nextSlice("\x1B7");

    // Move cursor elsewhere
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[1;1H");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    // Restore cursor
    s.nextSlice("\x1B8");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 14), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 9), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
}

test "attributes" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set bold and write text
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[1mBold\x1B[0m");

    // Verify we can write attributes - just check the string was written
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Bold", str);
}

test "DECRQSS responses" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 },
    );
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var response: [dcs.Command.DECRQSS.max_response_bytes]u8 = undefined;
        var response_len: usize = 0;
        var calls: usize = 0;

        fn reset() void {
            response_len = 0;
            calls = 0;
        }

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            @memcpy(response[0..data.len], data);
            response_len = data.len;
            calls += 1;
        }

        fn expectResponse(expected: []const u8) !void {
            try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), calls);
            try testing.expectEqualStrings(
                expected,
                response[0..response_len],
            );
            reset();
        }
    };
    S.reset();

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // SGR
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[1m\x1BP$qm\x1B\\");
    try S.expectResponse("\x1BP1$r0;1m\x1B\\");

    // Requests larger than the parser's fixed request buffer are ignored,
    // and the next DCS command must still be processed normally.
    s.nextSlice("\x1BP$qfoo\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.calls);
    try testing.expect(!s.handler.semantic_failure);
    s.nextSlice("\x1BP$qm\x1B\\");
    try S.expectResponse("\x1BP1$r0;1m\x1B\\");
}

test "DECRQSS without write effect is ignored" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 },
    );
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1BP$qm\x1B\\");
    try testing.expect(!s.handler.semantic_failure);
}

test "DCS command memory is released" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(
        testing.io,
        testing.allocator,
        .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 },
    );
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));

    // A completed, unsupported command transfers its allocation to Command;
    // dcsCommand must release it even though stream_terminal ignores it.
    s.nextSlice("\x1BP+q536D756C78\x1B\\");

    // An incomplete command remains owned by the handler and must be released
    // when the stream is deinitialized. testing.allocator detects either leak.
    s.nextSlice("\x1BP+q536D756C78");
    s.deinit();
}

test "DECALN screen alignment" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 3 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Run DECALN
    s.nextSlice("\x1B#8");

    // Verify entire screen is filled with 'E'
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("EEEEEEEEEE\nEEEEEEEEEE\nEEEEEEEEEE", str);

    // Cursor should be at 1,1
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
}

test "full reset" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Make some changes
    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[10;20H");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5;20r"); // Set scroll region
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7l"); // Disable wraparound
    s.nextSlice("\x1B_25a1;r;cp=e0a0;AAAAAAAAAAAAAA==\x1B\\");
    try testing.expect(t.glyph_glossary.contains(0xE0A0));

    // Full reset
    s.nextSlice("\x1Bc");

    // Verify reset state
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.scrolling_region.top);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 23), t.scrolling_region.bottom);
    try testing.expect(t.modes.get(.wraparound));
    try testing.expect(!t.glyph_glossary.contains(0xE0A0));
}

test "glyph protocol APC with write_pty callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var last_response: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            last_response = testing.allocator.dupeZ(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.last_response = null;
    defer if (S.last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1B_25a1;s\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B_25a1;s;fmt=glyf\x1B\\", S.last_response.?);

    s.nextSlice("\x1B_25a1;r;cp=e0a0;AAAAAAAAAAAAAA==\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B_25a1;r;cp=e0a0;status=0\x1B\\", S.last_response.?);
    try testing.expect(t.glyph_glossary.contains(0xE0A0));
}

test "ignores query actions" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // These should be ignored without error
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[c"); // Device attributes
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5n"); // Device status report
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[6n"); // Cursor position report
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]4;0;?\x1B\\"); // OSC color query
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]21;foreground=?\x1B\\"); // Kitty color query
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;c;%%%invalid-base64%%%\x1B\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B_Ga=p,i=999\x1B\\"); // Missing Kitty image
    s.nextSlice("\x1B_25a1;r;cp=41;%%%invalid%%%\x1B\\"); // Rejected glyph

    // Query, malformed input, protocol failure responses, and external-effect
    // failures do not imply that terminal-owned semantic state diverged.
    try testing.expect(!s.handler.semantic_failure);

    // Terminal should still be functional
    s.nextSlice("Test");
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Test", str);
}

test "OSC 4 set and reset palette" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Save default color
    const default_color_0 = t.colors.palette.original[0];

    // Set color 0 to red
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;0;rgb:ff/00/00\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), t.colors.palette.current[0].r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), t.colors.palette.current[0].g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), t.colors.palette.current[0].b);
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(0));

    // Reset color 0
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]104;0\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(default_color_0, t.colors.palette.current[0]);
    try testing.expect(!t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(0));
}

test "OSC 104 reset all palette colors" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set multiple colors
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;0;rgb:ff/00/00\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;1;rgb:00/ff/00\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;2;rgb:00/00/ff\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(0));
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(1));
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(2));

    // Reset all palette colors
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]104\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(t.colors.palette.original[0], t.colors.palette.current[0]);
    try testing.expectEqual(t.colors.palette.original[1], t.colors.palette.current[1]);
    try testing.expectEqual(t.colors.palette.original[2], t.colors.palette.current[2]);
    try testing.expect(!t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(0));
    try testing.expect(!t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(1));
    try testing.expect(!t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(2));
}

test "OSC 10 set and reset foreground color" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Initially unset
    try testing.expect(t.colors.foreground.get() == null);

    // Set foreground to red
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]10;rgb:ff/00/00\x1b\\");
    const fg = t.colors.foreground.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), fg.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), fg.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), fg.b);

    // Reset foreground
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]110\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.colors.foreground.get() == null);
}

test "OSC 11 set and reset background color" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set background to green
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]11;rgb:00/ff/00\x1b\\");
    const bg = t.colors.background.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), bg.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), bg.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), bg.b);

    // Reset background
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]111\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.colors.background.get() == null);
}

test "OSC 12 set and reset cursor color" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set cursor to blue
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]12;rgb:00/00/ff\x1b\\");
    const cursor = t.colors.cursor.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), cursor.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), cursor.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), cursor.b);

    // Reset cursor
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]112\x1b\\");
    // After reset, cursor might be null (using default)
}

test "OSC color query responses" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var last_response: ?[:0]const u8 = null;

        fn reset() void {
            if (last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            last_response = null;
        }

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            reset();
            last_response = testing.allocator.dupeZ(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.last_response = null;
    defer S.reset();

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]10;?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(S.last_response == null);

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]11;?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(S.last_response == null);

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;2;rgb:12/34/56;2;?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1b]4;2;rgb:1212/3434/5656\x1b\\",
        S.last_response.?,
    );

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]10;rgb:01/02/03\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]11;rgb:04/05/06\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]12;rgb:07/08/09\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]10;?;?;?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1b]10;rgb:0101/0202/0303\x1b\\" ++
            "\x1b]11;rgb:0404/0505/0606\x1b\\" ++
            "\x1b]12;rgb:0707/0808/0909\x1b\\",
        S.last_response.?,
    );

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]112\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]12;?\x07");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1b]12;rgb:0101/0202/0303\x07",
        S.last_response.?,
    );
}

test "kitty color protocol set palette" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set palette color 5 to magenta using kitty protocol
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;5=rgb:ff/00/ff\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), t.colors.palette.current[5].r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x00), t.colors.palette.current[5].g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xff), t.colors.palette.current[5].b);
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(5));
    try testing.expect(t.flags.dirty.palette);
}

test "kitty color protocol reset palette" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set and then reset palette color
    const original = t.colors.palette.original[7];
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;7=rgb:aa/bb/cc\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(7));

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;7=\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(original, t.colors.palette.current[7]);
    try testing.expect(!t.colors.palette.mask.isSet(7));
}

test "kitty color protocol set foreground" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set foreground using kitty protocol
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;foreground=rgb:12/34/56\x1b\\");
    const fg = t.colors.foreground.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x12), fg.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x34), fg.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x56), fg.b);
}

test "kitty color protocol set background" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set background using kitty protocol
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;background=rgb:78/9a/bc\x1b\\");
    const bg = t.colors.background.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x78), bg.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x9a), bg.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xbc), bg.b);
}

test "kitty color protocol set cursor" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set cursor using kitty protocol
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;cursor=rgb:de/f0/12\x1b\\");
    const cursor = t.colors.cursor.get().?;
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xde), cursor.r);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0xf0), cursor.g);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(u8, 0x12), cursor.b);
}

test "kitty color protocol reset foreground" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set and reset foreground
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;foreground=rgb:11/22/33\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.colors.foreground.get() != null);

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;foreground=\x1b\\");
    // After reset, should be unset
    try testing.expect(t.colors.foreground.get() == null);
}

test "kitty color protocol query responses" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var last_response: ?[:0]const u8 = null;

        fn reset() void {
            if (last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            last_response = null;
        }

        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            reset();
            last_response = testing.allocator.dupeZ(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.last_response = null;
    defer S.reset();

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;background=?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1b]21;background=\x1b\\",
        S.last_response.?,
    );

    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;foreground=rgb:12/34/56;2=rgb:aa/bb/cc\x1b\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;foreground=?;background=?;2=?\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings(
        "\x1b]21;foreground=rgb:12/34/56;background=;2=rgb:aa/bb/cc\x1b\\",
        S.last_response.?,
    );
}

test "palette dirty flag set on color change" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Clear dirty flag
    t.flags.dirty.palette = false;

    // Setting palette color should set dirty flag
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]4;0;rgb:ff/00/00\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.flags.dirty.palette);

    // Clear and test reset
    t.flags.dirty.palette = false;
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]104;0\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.flags.dirty.palette);

    // Clear and test kitty protocol
    t.flags.dirty.palette = false;
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]21;1=rgb:00/ff/00\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.flags.dirty.palette);
}

test "semantic prompt fresh line" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;L\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
}

test "semantic prompt fresh line new prompt" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Write some text and then send OSC 133;A (fresh_line_new_prompt)
    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;A\x07");

    // Should do a fresh line (carriage return + index)
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), t.screens.active.cursor.y);

    // Should set cursor semantic_content to prompt
    try testing.expectEqual(.prompt, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);

    // Test with redraw option
    s.nextSlice("prompt$ ");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;A;redraw=1\x07");
    try testing.expect(t.flags.shell_redraws_prompt == .true);
}

test "semantic prompt end of input, then start output" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Write some text and then send OSC 133;A (fresh_line_new_prompt)
    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;A\x07");
    s.nextSlice("prompt$ ");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;B\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(.input, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;C\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(.output, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
}

test "semantic prompt prompt_start" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Write some text
    s.nextSlice("Hello");

    // OSC 133;P marks the start of a prompt (without fresh line behavior)
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;P\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(.prompt, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 5), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
}

test "semantic prompt new_command" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Write some text
    s.nextSlice("Hello");
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;N\x07");

    // Should behave like fresh_line_new_prompt - cursor moves to column 0
    // on next line since we had content
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
    try testing.expectEqual(.prompt, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
}

test "semantic prompt new_command at column zero" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // OSC 133;N when already at column 0 should stay on same line
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;N\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.x);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), t.screens.active.cursor.y);
    try testing.expectEqual(.prompt, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
}

test "semantic prompt end_prompt_start_input_terminate_eol clears on linefeed" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set input terminated by EOL
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]133;I\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(.input, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);

    // Linefeed should reset semantic content to output
    s.nextSlice("\n");
    try testing.expectEqual(.output, t.screens.active.cursor.semantic_content);
}

test "bell effect callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    // Test bell with null callback (default readonly effects) doesn't crash
    {
        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
        defer s.deinit();

        s.nextSlice("\x07");

        // Terminal should still be functional after bell
        s.nextSlice("AfterBell");
        const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
        defer testing.allocator.free(str);
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("AfterBell", str);
    }

    t.fullReset();

    // Test bell with a callback
    {
        const S = struct {
            var bell_count: usize = 0;
            fn bell(_: *Handler) void {
                bell_count += 1;
            }
        };
        S.bell_count = 0;

        var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
        handler.effects.bell = &S.bell;

        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
        defer s.deinit();

        s.nextSlice("\x07");
        try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), S.bell_count);

        s.nextSlice("\x07\x07");
        try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 3), S.bell_count);
    }
}

test "desktop_notification effect callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    // A null callback (the default readonly effects) silently ignores
    // notifications and leaves the terminal usable.
    {
        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
        defer s.deinit();

        s.nextSlice("\x1B]9;Ignored\x1B\\AfterNotification");
        const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
        defer testing.allocator.free(str);
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("AfterNotification", str);
    }

    t.fullReset();

    const S = struct {
        var count: usize = 0;
        var last_title: []const u8 = "";
        var last_body: []const u8 = "";

        fn desktopNotification(
            _: *Handler,
            notification: Action.ShowDesktopNotification,
        ) void {
            count += 1;
            last_title = notification.title;
            last_body = notification.body;
        }
    };
    S.count = 0;
    S.last_title = "";
    S.last_body = "";

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.desktop_notification = &S.desktopNotification;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // OSC 9 is split across writes and carries only a body.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]9;Build ");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.count);
    s.nextSlice("complete\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), S.count);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("", S.last_title);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Build complete", S.last_body);

    // OSC 777 preserves its separate title and body fields.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]777;notify;Codex;Needs attention\x07");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 2), S.count);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Codex", S.last_title);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Needs attention", S.last_body);
}

test "progress_report effect callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    // A null callback (the default readonly effects) silently ignores reports.
    {
        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
        defer s.deinit();
        s.nextSlice("\x1B]9;4;1;25\x1B\\");
    }

    const S = struct {
        var count: usize = 0;
        var last_state: osc.Command.ProgressReport.State = .remove;
        var last_progress: ?u8 = null;

        fn progressReport(_: *Handler, report: osc.Command.ProgressReport) void {
            count += 1;
            last_state = report.state;
            last_progress = report.progress;
        }
    };
    S.count = 0;
    S.last_state = .remove;
    S.last_progress = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.progress_report = &S.progressReport;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    const cases = [_]struct {
        sequence: []const u8,
        state: osc.Command.ProgressReport.State,
        progress: ?u8,
    }{
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]9;4;0;\x1B\\", .state = .remove, .progress = null },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]9;4;1;42\x07", .state = .set, .progress = 42 },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]9;4;2;7\x1B\\", .state = .@"error", .progress = 7 },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]9;4;3\x1B\\", .state = .indeterminate, .progress = null },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]9;4;4;75\x1B\\", .state = .pause, .progress = 75 },
    };

    for (cases, 1..) |case, expected_count| {
        // Split each sequence to verify parsing survives PTY read boundaries.
        const midpoint = case.sequence.len / 2;
        s.nextSlice(case.sequence[0..midpoint]);
        try testing.expectEqual(expected_count - 1, S.count);
        s.nextSlice(case.sequence[midpoint..]);
        try testing.expectEqual(expected_count, S.count);
        try testing.expectEqual(case.state, S.last_state);
        try testing.expectEqual(case.progress, S.last_progress);
    }
}

test "clipboard_write effect callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    // A null callback (the default readonly effects) silently ignores writes.
    {
        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
        defer s.deinit();

        s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;c;aGVsbG8=\x1B\\");

        // Terminal should still be functional after the ignored sequence
        s.nextSlice("AfterClipboard");
        const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
        defer testing.allocator.free(str);
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("AfterClipboard", str);
    }

    t.fullReset();

    const S = struct {
        var count: usize = 0;
        var result: clipboard.WriteResult = .success;
        var last_location: clipboard.Location = .standard;
        var last_contents_len: usize = 0;
        var last_mime: ?[]u8 = null;
        var last_data: ?[]u8 = null;

        fn clearCapture() void {
            if (last_mime) |value| testing.allocator.free(value);
            if (last_data) |value| testing.allocator.free(value);
            last_mime = null;
            last_data = null;
            last_contents_len = 0;
        }

        fn clipboardWrite(_: *Handler, write: clipboard.Write) clipboard.WriteResult {
            clearCapture();
            count += 1;
            last_location = write.location;
            last_contents_len = write.contents.len;
            if (write.contents.len > 0) {
                last_mime = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, write.contents[0].mime) catch
                    @panic("failed to capture clipboard MIME type");
                last_data = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, write.contents[0].data) catch
                    @panic("failed to capture clipboard data");
            }
            return result;
        }
    };
    S.count = 0;
    S.result = .denied;
    S.clearCapture();
    defer S.clearCapture();

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.clipboard_write = &S.clipboardWrite;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Selectors are normalized and payloads are decoded before the callback.
    const cases = [_]struct {
        sequence: []const u8,
        location: clipboard.Location,
        data: []const u8,
    }{
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;c;aGVsbG8=\x1B\\", .location = .standard, .data = "hello" },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;s;d29ybGQ=\x07", .location = .selection, .data = "world" },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;p;cHJpbWFyeQ==\x1B\\", .location = .primary, .data = "primary" },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;0;Y3V0\x1B\\", .location = .standard, .data = "cut" },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;x;ZmFsbGJhY2s=\x1B\\", .location = .standard, .data = "fallback" },
        .{ .sequence = "\x1B]52;c;YQBi\x1B\\", .location = .standard, .data = "a\x00b" },
    };

    for (cases, 1..) |case, expected_count| {
        s.nextSlice(case.sequence);
        try testing.expectEqual(expected_count, S.count);
        try testing.expectEqual(case.location, S.last_location);
        try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), S.last_contents_len);
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("text/plain", S.last_mime.?);
        try testing.expectEqualSlices(u8, case.data, S.last_data.?);
    }

    // Empty data is a clear, represented by an empty contents slice.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;s;\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, cases.len + 1), S.count);
    try testing.expectEqual(clipboard.Location.selection, S.last_location);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.last_contents_len);
    try testing.expect(S.last_mime == null);
    try testing.expect(S.last_data == null);

    // Reads and malformed base64 are ignored.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;c;?\x1B\\");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;c;***\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, cases.len + 1), S.count);

    // OSC 1337 Copy shares the normalized clipboard write path.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]1337;Copy=:aVRlcm0y\x1B\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, cases.len + 2), S.count);
    try testing.expectEqual(clipboard.Location.standard, S.last_location);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("text/plain", S.last_mime.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("iTerm2", S.last_data.?);

    // Parsing across write boundaries still invokes exactly one atomic write.
    s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;p;ZnJh");
    s.nextSlice("Z21lbnRlZA==\x1B");
    s.nextSlice("\\");
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, cases.len + 3), S.count);
    try testing.expectEqual(clipboard.Location.primary, S.last_location);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("text/plain", S.last_mime.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("fragmented", S.last_data.?);

    // Callback results are intentionally ignored for protocols without a
    // write acknowledgement. The denied result above did not stop later writes.
    try testing.expectEqual(clipboard.WriteResult.denied, S.result);
}

test "clipboard_write allocation failure is ignored" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var count: usize = 0;

        fn clipboardWrite(_: *Handler, _: clipboard.Write) clipboard.WriteResult {
            count += 1;
            return .success;
        }
    };
    S.count = 0;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.clipboard_write = &S.clipboardWrite;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Only the decoded scratch data uses the terminal allocator here. Swap in
    // an allocator that always fails, then restore it before terminal teardown.
    {
        const alloc = t.screens.active.alloc;
        t.screens.active.alloc = testing.failing_allocator;
        defer t.screens.active.alloc = alloc;
        s.nextSlice("\x1B]52;c;aGVsbG8=\x1B\\");
    }
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 0), S.count);
    try testing.expect(!s.handler.semantic_failure);
}

test "request mode DECRQM with write_pty callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    // Without callback, DECRQM should not crash
    {
        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
        defer s.deinit();

        // DECRQM for mode 7 (wraparound) — should be silently ignored
        s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7$p");
    }

    t.fullReset();

    // With callback, DECRQM should produce a response
    {
        const S = struct {
            var last_response: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
            fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
                if (last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
                last_response = testing.allocator.dupeZ(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
            }
        };
        S.last_response = null;
        defer if (S.last_response) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

        var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
        handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

        var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
        defer s.deinit();

        // Wraparound mode (7) is set by default
        s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7$p");
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[?7;1$y", S.last_response.?);

        // Disable wraparound and query again
        s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7l");
        s.nextSlice("\x1B[?7$p");
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[?7;2$y", S.last_response.?);

        // Query an unknown mode
        s.nextSlice("\x1B[?9999$p");
        try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[?9999;0$y", S.last_response.?);
    }
}

test "stream: CSI W with intermediate but no params" {
    // Regression test from AFL++ crash. CSI ? W without
    // parameters caused an out-of-bounds access on input.params[0].
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{
        .cols = 80,
        .rows = 24,
        .max_scrollback_bytes = 100,
    });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1b[?W");
}

test "window_title effect is called" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var title_changed_count: usize = 0;
        fn titleChanged(_: *Handler) void {
            title_changed_count += 1;
        }
    };
    S.title_changed_count = 0;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.title_changed = &S.titleChanged;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set window title via OSC 2
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]2;Hello World\x1b\\");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Hello World", t.getTitle().?);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), S.title_changed_count);
}

test "window_title effect not called without callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // Should not crash when no callback is set
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]2;Hello World\x1b\\");

    // Title should still be set on terminal state
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Hello World", t.getTitle().?);

    // Terminal should still be functional
    s.nextSlice("Test");
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Test", str);
}

test "window_title effect with empty title" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var title_changed_count: usize = 0;
        fn titleChanged(_: *Handler) void {
            title_changed_count += 1;
        }
    };
    S.title_changed_count = 0;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.title_changed = &S.titleChanged;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set empty window title
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]2;\x1b\\");
    try testing.expect(t.getTitle() == null);
    try testing.expectEqual(@as(usize, 1), S.title_changed_count);
}

test "kitty_keyboard_query" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = data;
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Default kitty keyboard flags should be 0
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[?u");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[?0u", S.written.?);

    // Push kitty keyboard mode with flags and query again
    S.written = null;
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[>1u"); // push with disambiguate flag
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[?u");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[?1u", S.written.?);
}

test "xtversion default" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = data;
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Without xtversion effect set, should report "libghostty"
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[>0q");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1bP>|libghostty\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "xtversion with effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = data;
        }
        fn xtversion(_: *Handler) []const u8 {
            return "ghostty 1.2.3";
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.xtversion = &S.xtversion;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1b[>0q");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1bP>|ghostty 1.2.3\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "xtversion with empty string effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[:0]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = data;
        }
        fn xtversion(_: *Handler) []const u8 {
            return "";
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.xtversion = &S.xtversion;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Empty string from effect should fall back to "libghostty"
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[>0q");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1bP>|libghostty\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "size report csi_14_t with effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn getSize(_: *Handler) ?size_report.Size {
            return .{ .rows = 24, .columns = 80, .cell_width = 9, .cell_height = 18 };
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.size = &S.getSize;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI 14 t - report text area size in pixels
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[14t");
    defer testing.allocator.free(S.written.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[4;432;720t", S.written.?);
}

test "size report csi_16_t with effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn getSize(_: *Handler) ?size_report.Size {
            return .{ .rows = 24, .columns = 80, .cell_width = 9, .cell_height = 18 };
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.size = &S.getSize;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI 16 t - report cell size in pixels
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[16t");
    defer testing.allocator.free(S.written.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[6;18;9t", S.written.?);
}

test "size report csi_18_t with effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn getSize(_: *Handler) ?size_report.Size {
            return .{ .rows = 24, .columns = 80, .cell_width = 9, .cell_height = 18 };
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.size = &S.getSize;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI 18 t - report text area size in characters
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[18t");
    defer testing.allocator.free(S.written.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[8;24;80t", S.written.?);
}

test "size report no effect callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Without size effect, size reports should be silently ignored
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[14t");
    try testing.expect(S.written == null);
}

test "size report csi_21_t title" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set a title first
    s.nextSlice("\x1b]2;My Title\x1b\\");

    // CSI 21 t - report title (no size effect needed)
    s.nextSlice("\x1b[21t");
    defer testing.allocator.free(S.written.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b]lMy Title\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "enquiry no effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // ENQ without enquiry effect should not write anything
    s.nextSlice("\x05");
    try testing.expect(S.written == null);
}

test "enquiry with effect" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn enquiry(_: *Handler) []const u8 {
            return "ghostty";
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.enquiry = &S.enquiry;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x05");
    defer testing.allocator.free(S.written.?);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("ghostty", S.written.?);
}

test "enquiry with empty response" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn enquiry(_: *Handler) []const u8 {
            return "";
        }
    };
    S.written = null;

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.enquiry = &S.enquiry;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Empty enquiry response should not write anything
    s.nextSlice("\x05");
    try testing.expect(S.written == null);
}

test "device status: operating status" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI 5 n — operating status report
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5n");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[0n", S.written.?);
}

test "device status: cursor position" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Default position is 0,0 — reported as 1,1
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[6n");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[1;1R", S.written.?);

    // Move cursor to row 5, col 10
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5;10H");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[6n");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[5;10R", S.written.?);
}

test "device status: cursor position with origin mode" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Set scroll region rows 5-20
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5;20r");
    // Enable origin mode
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?6h");
    // Move to row 3, col 5 within the region
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[3;5H");
    // Query cursor position
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[6n");
    // Should report position relative to the scroll region
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[3;5R", S.written.?);
}

test "device status: color scheme dark" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn colorScheme(_: *Handler) ?device_status.ColorScheme {
            return .dark;
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.color_scheme = &S.colorScheme;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI ? 996 n — color scheme query
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?996n");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[?997;1n", S.written.?);
}

test "device status: color scheme light" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn colorScheme(_: *Handler) ?device_status.ColorScheme {
            return .light;
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.color_scheme = &S.colorScheme;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // CSI ? 996 n — color scheme query
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?996n");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1B[?997;2n", S.written.?);
}

test "device status: color scheme without callback" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Without color_scheme effect, query should be silently ignored
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?996n");
    try testing.expect(S.written == null);
}

test "device status: readonly ignores all" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // All device status queries should be silently ignored without effects
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[5n");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[6n");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[?996n");

    // Terminal should still be functional
    s.nextSlice("Test");
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Test", str);
}

test "device attributes: primary DA" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn da(_: *Handler) device_attributes.Attributes {
            return .{};
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.device_attributes = &S.da;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1B[c");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[?62;22c", S.written.?);
}

test "device attributes: secondary DA" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn da(_: *Handler) device_attributes.Attributes {
            return .{};
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.device_attributes = &S.da;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1B[>c");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[>1;0;0c", S.written.?);
}

test "device attributes: tertiary DA" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn da(_: *Handler) device_attributes.Attributes {
            return .{};
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.device_attributes = &S.da;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1B[=c");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1bP!|00000000\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "device attributes: readonly ignores" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, .init(&t));
    defer s.deinit();

    // All DA queries should be silently ignored without effects
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[c");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[>c");
    s.nextSlice("\x1B[=c");

    // Terminal should still be functional
    s.nextSlice("Test");
    const str = try t.plainString(testing.allocator);
    defer testing.allocator.free(str);
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("Test", str);
}

test "device attributes: custom response" {
    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 80, .rows = 24 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
        fn da(_: *Handler) device_attributes.Attributes {
            return .{
                .primary = .{
                    .conformance_level = .vt420,
                    .features = &.{ .ansi_color, .clipboard },
                },
                .secondary = .{
                    .device_type = .vt420,
                    .firmware_version = 100,
                },
            };
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;
    handler.effects.device_attributes = &S.da;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    s.nextSlice("\x1B[c");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[?64;22;52c", S.written.?);

    s.nextSlice("\x1B[>c");
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b[>41;100;0c", S.written.?);
}

test "kitty graphics APC response" {
    if (comptime !build_options.kitty_graphics) return error.SkipZigTest;

    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const S = struct {
        var written: ?[]const u8 = null;
        fn writePty(_: *Handler, data: [:0]const u8) void {
            if (written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);
            written = testing.allocator.dupe(u8, data) catch @panic("OOM");
        }
    };
    S.written = null;
    defer if (S.written) |old| testing.allocator.free(old);

    var handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    handler.effects.write_pty = &S.writePty;

    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Send a kitty graphics transmit command with image id 1
    s.nextSlice("\x1b_Ga=t,t=d,f=24,i=1,s=1,v=2,c=10,r=1;////////\x1b\\");

    // Should have written a response back
    try testing.expectEqualStrings("\x1b_Gi=1;OK\x1b\\", S.written.?);
}

test "kitty graphics via APC" {
    if (comptime !build_options.kitty_graphics) return error.SkipZigTest;

    var t: Terminal = try .init(testing.io, testing.allocator, .{ .cols = 10, .rows = 10 });
    defer t.deinit(testing.allocator);

    const handler: Handler = .init(&t);
    var s: Stream = .initAlloc(testing.allocator, handler);
    defer s.deinit();

    // Send a kitty graphics transmit command via APC:
    // ESC _ G <payload> ESC \
    // a=t,t=d,f=24,i=1,s=1,v=2,c=10,r=1;//////// (1x2 RGB direct)
    s.nextSlice("\x1b_Ga=t,t=d,f=24,i=1,s=1,v=2,c=10,r=1;////////\x1b\\");

    const storage = &t.screens.active.kitty_images;
    const img = storage.imageById(1).?;
    try testing.expectEqual(.rgb, img.format);
}