ghostty/src/apprt/gtk/Window.zig

/// A Window is a single, real GTK window that holds terminal surfaces.
///
/// A Window always contains a notebook (what GTK calls a tabbed container)
/// even while no tabs are in use, because a notebook without a tab bar has
/// no visible UI chrome.
const Window = @This();

const std = @import("std");
const builtin = @import("builtin");
const build_config = @import("../../build_config.zig");
const Allocator = std.mem.Allocator;
const assert = std.debug.assert;
const configpkg = @import("../../config.zig");
const font = @import("../../font/main.zig");
const input = @import("../../input.zig");
const CoreSurface = @import("../../Surface.zig");

const App = @import("App.zig");
const Color = configpkg.Config.Color;
const Surface = @import("Surface.zig");
const Tab = @import("Tab.zig");
const c = @import("c.zig").c;
const adwaita = @import("adwaita.zig");
const gtk_key = @import("key.zig");
const Notebook = @import("notebook.zig").Notebook;
const HeaderBar = @import("headerbar.zig").HeaderBar;
const version = @import("version.zig");

const log = std.log.scoped(.gtk);

app: *App,

/// Our window
window: *c.GtkWindow,

/// The header bar for the window. This is possibly null since it can be
/// disabled using gtk-titlebar. This is either an AdwHeaderBar or
/// GtkHeaderBar depending on if adw is enabled and linked.
header: ?HeaderBar,

/// The tab overview for the window. This is possibly null since there is no
/// taboverview without a AdwApplicationWindow (libadwaita >= 1.4.0).
tab_overview: ?*c.GtkWidget,

/// The notebook (tab grouping) for this window.
/// can be either c.GtkNotebook or c.AdwTabView.
notebook: Notebook,

context_menu: *c.GtkWidget,

/// The libadwaita widget for receiving toast send requests. If libadwaita is
/// not used, this is null and unused.
toast_overlay: ?*c.GtkWidget,

/// See adwTabOverviewOpen for why we have this.
adw_tab_overview_focus_timer: ?c.guint = null,

pub fn create(alloc: Allocator, app: *App) !*Window {
    // Allocate a fixed pointer for our window. We try to minimize
    // allocations but windows and other GUI requirements are so minimal
    // compared to the steady-state terminal operation so we use heap
    // allocation for this.
    //
    // The allocation is owned by the GtkWindow created. It will be
    // freed when the window is closed.
    var window = try alloc.create(Window);
    errdefer alloc.destroy(window);
    try window.init(app);
    return window;
}

pub fn init(self: *Window, app: *App) !void {
    // Set up our own state
    self.* = .{
        .app = app,
        .window = undefined,
        .header = null,
        .tab_overview = null,
        .notebook = undefined,
        .context_menu = undefined,
        .toast_overlay = undefined,
    };

    // Create the window
    const window: *c.GtkWidget = window: {
        if (self.isAdwWindow()) {
            const window = c.adw_application_window_new(app.app);
            c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(window), "adw");
            break :window window;
        } else {
            const window = c.gtk_application_window_new(app.app);
            c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(window), "gtk");
            break :window window;
        }
    };
    errdefer c.gtk_window_destroy(@ptrCast(window));

    const gtk_window: *c.GtkWindow = @ptrCast(window);
    self.window = gtk_window;
    c.gtk_window_set_title(gtk_window, "Ghostty");
    c.gtk_window_set_default_size(gtk_window, 1000, 600);

    // GTK4 grabs F10 input by default to focus the menubar icon. We want
    // to disable this so that terminal programs can capture F10 (such as htop)
    c.gtk_window_set_handle_menubar_accel(gtk_window, 0);

    c.gtk_window_set_icon_name(gtk_window, build_config.bundle_id);

    // Apply class to color headerbar if window-theme is set to `ghostty` and
    // GTK version is before 4.16. The conditional is because above 4.16
    // we use GTK CSS color variables.
    if (!version.atLeast(4, 16, 0) and app.config.@"window-theme" == .ghostty) {
        c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(gtk_window), "window-theme-ghostty");
    }

    // Remove the window's background if any of the widgets need to be transparent
    if (app.config.@"background-opacity" < 1) {
        c.gtk_widget_remove_css_class(@ptrCast(window), "background");
    }

    // Create our box which will hold our widgets in the main content area.
    const box = c.gtk_box_new(c.GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 0);

    // Setup our notebook
    self.notebook = Notebook.create(self);

    // If we are using an AdwWindow then we can support the tab overview.
    self.tab_overview = if (self.isAdwWindow()) overview: {
        const tab_overview = c.adw_tab_overview_new();
        c.adw_tab_overview_set_view(@ptrCast(tab_overview), self.notebook.adw_tab_view);
        c.adw_tab_overview_set_enable_new_tab(@ptrCast(tab_overview), 1);
        _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(
            tab_overview,
            "create-tab",
            c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkNewTabFromOverview),
            self,
            null,
            c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT,
        );
        _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(
            tab_overview,
            "notify::open",
            c.G_CALLBACK(&adwTabOverviewOpen),
            self,
            null,
            c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT,
        );

        break :overview tab_overview;
    } else null;

    // gtk-titlebar can be used to disable the header bar (but keep
    // the window manager's decorations). We create this no matter if we
    // are decorated or not because we can have a keybind to toggle the
    // decorations.
    if (app.config.@"gtk-titlebar") {
        const header = HeaderBar.init(self);

        {
            const btn = c.gtk_menu_button_new();
            c.gtk_widget_set_tooltip_text(btn, "Main Menu");
            c.gtk_menu_button_set_icon_name(@ptrCast(btn), "open-menu-symbolic");
            c.gtk_menu_button_set_menu_model(@ptrCast(btn), @ptrCast(@alignCast(app.menu)));
            header.packEnd(btn);
        }

        // If we're using an AdwWindow then we can support the tab overview.
        if (self.tab_overview) |tab_overview| {
            if (comptime !adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) unreachable;
            assert(self.isAdwWindow());
            const btn = switch (app.config.@"gtk-tabs-location") {
                .top, .bottom, .left, .right => btn: {
                    const btn = c.gtk_toggle_button_new();
                    c.gtk_widget_set_tooltip_text(btn, "View Open Tabs");
                    c.gtk_button_set_icon_name(@ptrCast(btn), "view-grid-symbolic");
                    _ = c.g_object_bind_property(
                        btn,
                        "active",
                        tab_overview,
                        "open",
                        c.G_BINDING_BIDIRECTIONAL | c.G_BINDING_SYNC_CREATE,
                    );

                    break :btn btn;
                },

                .hidden => btn: {
                    const btn = c.adw_tab_button_new();
                    c.adw_tab_button_set_view(@ptrCast(btn), self.notebook.adw_tab_view);
                    c.gtk_actionable_set_action_name(@ptrCast(btn), "overview.open");
                    break :btn btn;
                },
            };

            c.gtk_widget_set_focus_on_click(btn, c.FALSE);
            header.packEnd(btn);
        }

        {
            const btn = c.gtk_button_new_from_icon_name("tab-new-symbolic");
            c.gtk_widget_set_tooltip_text(btn, "New Tab");
            _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(btn, "clicked", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkTabNewClick), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);
            header.packStart(btn);
        }

        self.header = header;
    }

    // If we are disabling decorations then disable them right away.
    if (!app.config.@"window-decoration") {
        c.gtk_window_set_decorated(gtk_window, 0);
    }

    // In debug we show a warning and apply the 'devel' class to the window.
    // This is a really common issue where people build from source in debug and performance is really bad.
    if (comptime std.debug.runtime_safety) {
        const warning_box = c.gtk_box_new(c.GTK_ORIENTATION_VERTICAL, 0);
        const warning_text = "⚠️ You're running a debug build of Ghostty! Performance will be degraded.";
        if ((comptime adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 3, 0)) and
            adwaita.enabled(&app.config) and
            adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 3, 0))
        {
            const banner = c.adw_banner_new(warning_text);
            c.adw_banner_set_revealed(@ptrCast(banner), 1);
            c.gtk_box_append(@ptrCast(warning_box), @ptrCast(banner));
        } else {
            const warning = c.gtk_label_new(warning_text);
            c.gtk_widget_set_margin_top(warning, 10);
            c.gtk_widget_set_margin_bottom(warning, 10);
            c.gtk_box_append(@ptrCast(warning_box), warning);
        }
        c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(gtk_window), "devel");
        c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(warning_box), "background");
        c.gtk_box_append(@ptrCast(box), warning_box);
    }

    // Setup our toast overlay if we have one
    self.toast_overlay = if (adwaita.enabled(&self.app.config)) toast: {
        const toast_overlay = c.adw_toast_overlay_new();
        c.adw_toast_overlay_set_child(
            @ptrCast(toast_overlay),
            @ptrCast(@alignCast(self.notebook.asWidget())),
        );
        c.gtk_box_append(@ptrCast(box), toast_overlay);
        break :toast toast_overlay;
    } else toast: {
        c.gtk_box_append(@ptrCast(box), self.notebook.asWidget());
        break :toast null;
    };

    // If we have a tab overview then we can set it on our notebook.
    if (self.tab_overview) |tab_overview| {
        if (comptime !adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) unreachable;
        assert(self.notebook == .adw_tab_view);
        c.adw_tab_overview_set_view(@ptrCast(tab_overview), self.notebook.adw_tab_view);
    }

    self.context_menu = c.gtk_popover_menu_new_from_model(@ptrCast(@alignCast(self.app.context_menu)));
    c.gtk_widget_set_parent(self.context_menu, window);
    c.gtk_popover_set_has_arrow(@ptrCast(@alignCast(self.context_menu)), c.False);
    c.gtk_widget_set_halign(self.context_menu, c.GTK_ALIGN_START);

    // If we are in fullscreen mode, new windows start fullscreen.
    if (app.config.fullscreen) c.gtk_window_fullscreen(self.window);

    // We register a key event controller with the window so
    // we can catch key events when our surface may not be
    // focused (i.e. when the libadw tab overview is shown).
    const ec_key_press = c.gtk_event_controller_key_new();
    errdefer c.g_object_unref(ec_key_press);
    c.gtk_widget_add_controller(window, ec_key_press);

    // All of our events
    _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(self.context_menu, "closed", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkRefocusTerm), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);
    _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(window, "close-request", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkCloseRequest), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);
    _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(window, "destroy", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkDestroy), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);
    _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(ec_key_press, "key-pressed", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkKeyPressed), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);

    // Our actions for the menu
    initActions(self);

    if (self.isAdwWindow()) {
        if (comptime !adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) unreachable;
        const toolbar_view: *c.AdwToolbarView = @ptrCast(c.adw_toolbar_view_new());

        const header_widget: *c.GtkWidget = self.header.?.asWidget();
        c.adw_toolbar_view_add_top_bar(toolbar_view, header_widget);

        if (self.app.config.@"gtk-tabs-location" != .hidden) {
            const tab_bar = c.adw_tab_bar_new();
            c.adw_tab_bar_set_view(tab_bar, self.notebook.adw_tab_view);

            if (!app.config.@"gtk-wide-tabs") c.adw_tab_bar_set_expand_tabs(tab_bar, 0);

            const tab_bar_widget: *c.GtkWidget = @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_bar));
            switch (self.app.config.@"gtk-tabs-location") {
                // left and right are not supported in libadwaita.
                .top, .left, .right => c.adw_toolbar_view_add_top_bar(toolbar_view, tab_bar_widget),
                .bottom => c.adw_toolbar_view_add_bottom_bar(toolbar_view, tab_bar_widget),
                .hidden => unreachable,
            }
        }
        c.adw_toolbar_view_set_content(toolbar_view, box);

        const toolbar_style: c.AdwToolbarStyle = switch (self.app.config.@"adw-toolbar-style") {
            .flat => c.ADW_TOOLBAR_FLAT,
            .raised => c.ADW_TOOLBAR_RAISED,
            .@"raised-border" => c.ADW_TOOLBAR_RAISED_BORDER,
        };
        c.adw_toolbar_view_set_top_bar_style(toolbar_view, toolbar_style);
        c.adw_toolbar_view_set_bottom_bar_style(toolbar_view, toolbar_style);

        // If we are not decorated then we hide the titlebar.
        if (!app.config.@"window-decoration") {
            c.gtk_widget_set_visible(header_widget, 0);
        }

        // Set our application window content. The content depends on if
        // we're using an AdwTabOverview or not.
        if (self.tab_overview) |tab_overview| {
            c.adw_tab_overview_set_child(
                @ptrCast(tab_overview),
                @ptrCast(@alignCast(toolbar_view)),
            );
            c.adw_application_window_set_content(
                @ptrCast(gtk_window),
                @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_overview)),
            );
        } else {
            c.adw_application_window_set_content(
                @ptrCast(gtk_window),
                @ptrCast(@alignCast(toolbar_view)),
            );
        }
    } else tab_bar: {
        switch (self.notebook) {
            .adw_tab_view => |tab_view| if (comptime adwaita.versionAtLeast(0, 0, 0)) {
                if (app.config.@"gtk-tabs-location" == .hidden) break :tab_bar;

                // In earlier adwaita versions, we need to add the tabbar manually since we do not use
                // an AdwToolbarView.
                const tab_bar: *c.AdwTabBar = c.adw_tab_bar_new().?;
                c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(@ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_bar)), "inline");
                switch (app.config.@"gtk-tabs-location") {
                    .top,
                    .left,
                    .right,
                    => c.gtk_box_prepend(
                        @ptrCast(box),
                        @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_bar)),
                    ),

                    .bottom => c.gtk_box_append(
                        @ptrCast(box),
                        @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_bar)),
                    ),
                    .hidden => unreachable,
                }
                c.adw_tab_bar_set_view(tab_bar, tab_view);

                if (!app.config.@"gtk-wide-tabs") c.adw_tab_bar_set_expand_tabs(tab_bar, 0);
            },

            .gtk_notebook => {},
        }

        // The box is our main child
        c.gtk_window_set_child(gtk_window, box);
        if (self.header) |h| c.gtk_window_set_titlebar(gtk_window, h.asWidget());
    }

    // Show the window
    c.gtk_widget_show(window);
}

/// Sets up the GTK actions for the window scope. Actions are how GTK handles
/// menus and such. The menu is defined in App.zig but the action is defined
/// here. The string name binds them.
fn initActions(self: *Window) void {
    const actions = .{
        .{ "about", &gtkActionAbout },
        .{ "close", &gtkActionClose },
        .{ "new_window", &gtkActionNewWindow },
        .{ "new_tab", &gtkActionNewTab },
        .{ "split_right", &gtkActionSplitRight },
        .{ "split_down", &gtkActionSplitDown },
        .{ "split_left", &gtkActionSplitLeft },
        .{ "split_up", &gtkActionSplitUp },
        .{ "toggle_inspector", &gtkActionToggleInspector },
        .{ "copy", &gtkActionCopy },
        .{ "paste", &gtkActionPaste },
        .{ "reset", &gtkActionReset },
    };

    inline for (actions) |entry| {
        const action = c.g_simple_action_new(entry[0], null);
        defer c.g_object_unref(action);
        _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(
            action,
            "activate",
            c.G_CALLBACK(entry[1]),
            self,
            null,
            c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT,
        );
        c.g_action_map_add_action(@ptrCast(self.window), @ptrCast(action));
    }
}

pub fn deinit(self: *Window) void {
    c.gtk_widget_unparent(@ptrCast(self.context_menu));

    if (self.adw_tab_overview_focus_timer) |timer| {
        _ = c.g_source_remove(timer);
    }
}

/// Returns true if this window should use an Adwaita window.
///
/// This must be `inline` so that the comptime check noops conditional
/// paths that are not enabled.
inline fn isAdwWindow(self: *Window) bool {
    return (comptime adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) and
        adwaita.enabled(&self.app.config) and
        adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0) and
        self.app.config.@"gtk-titlebar";
}

/// Add a new tab to this window.
pub fn newTab(self: *Window, parent: ?*CoreSurface) !void {
    const alloc = self.app.core_app.alloc;
    _ = try Tab.create(alloc, self, parent);

    // TODO: When this is triggered through a GTK action, the new surface
    // redraws correctly. When it's triggered through keyboard shortcuts, it
    // does not (cursor doesn't blink) unless reactivated by refocusing.
}

/// Close the tab for the given notebook page. This will automatically
/// handle closing the window if there are no more tabs.
pub fn closeTab(self: *Window, tab: *Tab) void {
    self.notebook.closeTab(tab);
}

/// Go to the previous tab for a surface.
pub fn gotoPreviousTab(self: *Window, surface: *Surface) void {
    const tab = surface.container.tab() orelse {
        log.info("surface is not attached to a tab bar, cannot navigate", .{});
        return;
    };
    self.notebook.gotoPreviousTab(tab);
    self.focusCurrentTab();
}

/// Go to the next tab for a surface.
pub fn gotoNextTab(self: *Window, surface: *Surface) void {
    const tab = surface.container.tab() orelse {
        log.info("surface is not attached to a tab bar, cannot navigate", .{});
        return;
    };
    self.notebook.gotoNextTab(tab);
    self.focusCurrentTab();
}

/// Move the current tab for a surface.
pub fn moveTab(self: *Window, surface: *Surface, position: c_int) void {
    const tab = surface.container.tab() orelse {
        log.info("surface is not attached to a tab bar, cannot navigate", .{});
        return;
    };
    self.notebook.moveTab(tab, position);
}

/// Go to the next tab for a surface.
pub fn gotoLastTab(self: *Window) void {
    const max = self.notebook.nPages() -| 1;
    self.gotoTab(@intCast(max));
}

/// Go to the specific tab index.
pub fn gotoTab(self: *Window, n: usize) void {
    if (n == 0) return;
    const max = self.notebook.nPages();
    if (max == 0) return;
    const page_idx = std.math.cast(c_int, n - 1) orelse return;
    self.notebook.gotoNthTab(@min(page_idx, max - 1));
    self.focusCurrentTab();
}

/// Toggle tab overview (if present)
pub fn toggleTabOverview(self: *Window) void {
    if (self.tab_overview) |tab_overview_widget| {
        if (comptime !adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) unreachable;
        const tab_overview: *c.AdwTabOverview = @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_overview_widget));
        c.adw_tab_overview_set_open(tab_overview, 1 - c.adw_tab_overview_get_open(tab_overview));
    }
}

/// Toggle fullscreen for this window.
pub fn toggleFullscreen(self: *Window) void {
    const is_fullscreen = c.gtk_window_is_fullscreen(self.window);
    if (is_fullscreen == 0) {
        c.gtk_window_fullscreen(self.window);
    } else {
        c.gtk_window_unfullscreen(self.window);
    }
}

/// Toggle the window decorations for this window.
pub fn toggleWindowDecorations(self: *Window) void {
    const old_decorated = c.gtk_window_get_decorated(self.window) == 1;
    const new_decorated = !old_decorated;
    c.gtk_window_set_decorated(self.window, @intFromBool(new_decorated));

    // If we have a titlebar, then we also show/hide it depending on the
    // decorated state. GTK tends to consider the titlebar part of the frame
    // and hides it with decorations, but libadwaita doesn't. This makes it
    // explicit.
    if (self.header) |v| {
        const widget = v.asWidget();
        c.gtk_widget_set_visible(widget, @intFromBool(new_decorated));
    }
}

/// Grabs focus on the currently selected tab.
pub fn focusCurrentTab(self: *Window) void {
    const tab = self.notebook.currentTab() orelse return;
    const surface = tab.focus_child orelse return;
    const gl_area = @as(*c.GtkWidget, @ptrCast(surface.gl_area));
    _ = c.gtk_widget_grab_focus(gl_area);
}

pub fn onConfigReloaded(self: *Window) void {
    self.sendToast("Reloaded the configuration");
}

fn sendToast(self: *Window, title: [:0]const u8) void {
    if (comptime !adwaita.versionAtLeast(0, 0, 0)) return;
    const toast_overlay = self.toast_overlay orelse return;
    const toast = c.adw_toast_new(title);
    c.adw_toast_set_timeout(toast, 3);
    c.adw_toast_overlay_add_toast(@ptrCast(toast_overlay), toast);
}

// Note: we MUST NOT use the GtkButton parameter because gtkActionNewTab
// sends an undefined value.
fn gtkTabNewClick(_: *c.GtkButton, ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_tab = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

/// Create a new tab from the AdwTabOverview. We can't copy gtkTabNewClick
/// because we need to return an AdwTabPage from this function.
fn gtkNewTabFromOverview(_: *c.GtkWidget, ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) ?*c.AdwTabPage {
    const self: *Window = userdataSelf(ud.?);
    assert(self.isAdwWindow());

    const alloc = self.app.core_app.alloc;
    const surface = self.actionSurface();
    const tab = Tab.create(alloc, self, surface) catch return null;
    return c.adw_tab_view_get_page(self.notebook.adw_tab_view, @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab.box)));
}

fn adwTabOverviewOpen(
    object: *c.GObject,
    _: *c.GParamSpec,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) void {
    const tab_overview: *c.AdwTabOverview = @ptrCast(@alignCast(object));

    // We only care about when the tab overview is closed.
    if (c.adw_tab_overview_get_open(tab_overview) == 1) {
        return;
    }

    // On tab overview close, focus is sometimes lost. This is an
    // upstream issue in libadwaita[1]. When this is resolved we
    // can put a runtime version check here to avoid this workaround.
    //
    // Our workaround is to start a timer after 500ms to refocus
    // the currently selected tab. We choose 500ms because the adw
    // animation is 400ms.
    //
    // [1]: https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libadwaita/-/issues/670
    const window: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud.?));

    // If we have an old timer remove it
    if (window.adw_tab_overview_focus_timer) |timer| {
        _ = c.g_source_remove(timer);
    }

    // Restart our timer
    window.adw_tab_overview_focus_timer = c.g_timeout_add(
        500,
        @ptrCast(&adwTabOverviewFocusTimer),
        window,
    );
}

fn adwTabOverviewFocusTimer(
    self: *Window,
) callconv(.C) c.gboolean {
    self.adw_tab_overview_focus_timer = null;
    self.focusCurrentTab();

    // Remove the timer
    return 0;
}

fn gtkRefocusTerm(v: *c.GtkWindow, ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) bool {
    _ = v;
    log.debug("refocus term request", .{});
    const self = userdataSelf(ud.?);

    self.focusCurrentTab();

    return true;
}

fn gtkCloseRequest(v: *c.GtkWindow, ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) bool {
    _ = v;
    log.debug("window close request", .{});
    const self = userdataSelf(ud.?);

    // If none of our surfaces need confirmation, we can just exit.
    for (self.app.core_app.surfaces.items) |surface| {
        if (surface.container.window()) |window| {
            if (window == self and
                surface.core_surface.needsConfirmQuit()) break;
        }
    } else {
        c.gtk_window_destroy(self.window);
        return true;
    }

    // Setup our basic message
    const alert = c.gtk_message_dialog_new(
        self.window,
        c.GTK_DIALOG_MODAL,
        c.GTK_MESSAGE_QUESTION,
        c.GTK_BUTTONS_YES_NO,
        "Close this window?",
    );
    c.gtk_message_dialog_format_secondary_text(
        @ptrCast(alert),
        "All terminal sessions in this window will be terminated.",
    );

    // We want the "yes" to appear destructive.
    const yes_widget = c.gtk_dialog_get_widget_for_response(
        @ptrCast(alert),
        c.GTK_RESPONSE_YES,
    );
    c.gtk_widget_add_css_class(yes_widget, "destructive-action");

    // We want the "no" to be the default action
    c.gtk_dialog_set_default_response(
        @ptrCast(alert),
        c.GTK_RESPONSE_NO,
    );

    _ = c.g_signal_connect_data(alert, "response", c.G_CALLBACK(&gtkCloseConfirmation), self, null, c.G_CONNECT_DEFAULT);

    c.gtk_widget_show(alert);
    return true;
}

fn gtkCloseConfirmation(
    alert: *c.GtkMessageDialog,
    response: c.gint,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    c.gtk_window_destroy(@ptrCast(alert));
    if (response == c.GTK_RESPONSE_YES) {
        const self = userdataSelf(ud.?);
        c.gtk_window_destroy(self.window);
    }
}

/// "destroy" signal for the window
fn gtkDestroy(v: *c.GtkWidget, ud: ?*anyopaque) callconv(.C) void {
    _ = v;
    log.debug("window destroy", .{});

    const self = userdataSelf(ud.?);
    const alloc = self.app.core_app.alloc;
    self.deinit();
    alloc.destroy(self);
}

fn gtkKeyPressed(
    ec_key: *c.GtkEventControllerKey,
    keyval: c.guint,
    keycode: c.guint,
    gtk_mods: c.GdkModifierType,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) c.gboolean {
    const self = userdataSelf(ud.?);

    // We only process window-level events currently for the tab
    // overview. This is primarily defensive programming because
    // I'm not 100% certain how our logic below will interact with
    // other parts of the application but I know for sure we must
    // handle this during the tab overview.
    //
    // If someone can confidently show or explain that this is not
    // necessary, please remove this check.
    if (comptime adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 4, 0)) {
        if (self.tab_overview) |tab_overview_widget| {
            const tab_overview: *c.AdwTabOverview = @ptrCast(@alignCast(tab_overview_widget));
            if (c.adw_tab_overview_get_open(tab_overview) == 0) return 0;
        }
    }

    const surface = self.app.core_app.focusedSurface() orelse return 0;
    return if (surface.rt_surface.keyEvent(
        .press,
        ec_key,
        keyval,
        keycode,
        gtk_mods,
    )) 1 else 0;
}

fn gtkActionAbout(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));

    const name = "Ghostty";
    const icon = "com.mitchellh.ghostty";
    const website = "https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty";

    if ((comptime adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 5, 0)) and
        adwaita.versionAtLeast(1, 5, 0) and
        self.isAdwWindow())
    {
        c.adw_show_about_dialog(
            @ptrCast(self.window),
            "application-name",
            name,
            "developer-name",
            "Ghostty Developers",
            "application-icon",
            icon,
            "version",
            build_config.version_string.ptr,
            "issue-url",
            "https://github.com/ghostty-org/ghostty/issues",
            "website",
            website,
            @as(?*anyopaque, null),
        );
    } else {
        c.gtk_show_about_dialog(
            self.window,
            "program-name",
            name,
            "logo-icon-name",
            icon,
            "title",
            "About Ghostty",
            "version",
            build_config.version_string.ptr,
            "website",
            website,
            @as(?*anyopaque, null),
        );
    }
}

fn gtkActionClose(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .close_surface = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionNewWindow(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_window = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionNewTab(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    // We can use undefined because the button is not used.
    gtkTabNewClick(undefined, ud);
}

fn gtkActionSplitRight(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_split = .right }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionSplitDown(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_split = .down }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionSplitLeft(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_split = .left }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionSplitUp(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .new_split = .up }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionToggleInspector(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .inspector = .toggle }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionCopy(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .copy_to_clipboard = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };

    self.sendToast("Copied to clipboard");
}

fn gtkActionPaste(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .paste_from_clipboard = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

fn gtkActionReset(
    _: *c.GSimpleAction,
    _: *c.GVariant,
    ud: ?*anyopaque,
) callconv(.C) void {
    const self: *Window = @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud orelse return));
    const surface = self.actionSurface() orelse return;
    _ = surface.performBindingAction(.{ .reset = {} }) catch |err| {
        log.warn("error performing binding action error={}", .{err});
        return;
    };
}

/// Returns the surface to use for an action.
fn actionSurface(self: *Window) ?*CoreSurface {
    const tab = self.notebook.currentTab() orelse return null;
    const surface = tab.focus_child orelse return null;
    return &surface.core_surface;
}

fn userdataSelf(ud: *anyopaque) *Window {
    return @ptrCast(@alignCast(ud));
}