win: Append process dir to $PATH

This allows executables to be found by :!, system(), and executable() if
they live next to ("sibling" to) nvim.exe. This is what gvim on Windows
does, and also matches the behavior of Win32 SearchPath().

c4a249a736/src/os_win32.c (L354-L370)

runtime/doc/eval.txt

@@ -1686,11 +1686,7 @@ v:progname	Contains the name (with path removed) with which Nvim was
 		Read-only.
 
 					*v:progpath* *progpath-variable*
-v:progpath	Contains the command with which Vim was invoked, including the
-		path. To get the full path use: >
-			echo exepath(v:progpath)
-<		NOTE: This does not work when the command is a relative path
-		and the current directory has changed.
+v:progpath	Absolute path to the current running Nvim.
 		Read-only.
 
 					*v:register* *register-variable*
@@ -3104,13 +3100,10 @@ execute({command} [, {silent}])				*execute()*
 		Note: Text attributes (highlights) are not captured.
 
 exepath({expr})						*exepath()*
-		If {expr} is an executable and is either an absolute path, a
-		relative path or found in $PATH, return the full path.
-		Note that the current directory is used when {expr} starts
-		with "./", which may be a problem for Vim: >
-			echo exepath(v:progpath)
-<		If {expr} cannot be found in $PATH or is not executable then
-		an empty string is returned.
+		Returns the full path of {expr} if it is an executable and
+		given as a (partial or full) path or is found in $PATH.
+		Returns empty string otherwise.
+		If {expr} starts with "./" the |current-directory| is used.
 
 							*exists()*
 exists({expr})	The result is a Number, which is non-zero if {expr} is

runtime/doc/vim_diff.txt

@@ -108,12 +108,13 @@ Some `CTRL-SHIFT-...` key chords are distinguished from `CTRL-...` variants
   <C-Tab>, <C-S-Tab>, <C-BS>, <C-S-BS>, <C-Enter>, <C-S-Enter>
 
 Options:
-  'inccommand' shows results while typing a |:substitute| command
+  'inccommand' shows interactive results for |:substitute|-like commands
   'statusline' supports unlimited alignment sections
   'tabline' %@Func@foo%X can call any function on mouse-click
 
 Variables:
   |v:event|
+  |v:progpath| is always absolute ("full")
   |v:windowid| is always available (for use by external UIs)
 
 Commands:

src/nvim/main.c

@@ -238,9 +238,7 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
   // Check if we have an interactive window.
   check_and_set_isatty(&params);
 
-  // Get the name with which Nvim was invoked, with and without path.
-  set_vim_var_string(VV_PROGPATH, argv[0], -1);
-  set_vim_var_string(VV_PROGNAME, (char *) path_tail((char_u *) argv[0]), -1);
+  init_path(argv[0]);
 
   event_init();
   /*
@@ -1194,9 +1192,27 @@ static void check_and_set_isatty(mparm_T *paramp)
   paramp->err_isatty = os_isatty(fileno(stderr));
   TIME_MSG("window checked");
 }
-/*
- * Get filename from command line, given that there is one.
- */
+
+// Sets v:progname and v:progpath. Also modifies $PATH on Windows.
+static void init_path(char *exename)
+{
+  char exepath[MAXPATHL] = { 0 };
+  size_t exepathlen = MAXPATHL;
+  // Make v:progpath absolute.
+  if (os_exepath(exepath, &exepathlen) != 0) {
+    EMSG2(e_intern2, "init_path()");
+  }
+  set_vim_var_string(VV_PROGPATH, exepath, -1);
+  set_vim_var_string(VV_PROGNAME, (char *)path_tail((char_u *)exename), -1);
+
+#ifdef WIN32
+  // Append the process start directory to $PATH, so that ":!foo" finds tools
+  // shipped with Windows package. This also mimics SearchPath().
+  os_setenv_append_path(exepath);
+#endif
+}
+
+/// Get filename from command line, if any.
 static char_u *get_fname(mparm_T *parmp, char_u *cwd)
 {
 #if !defined(UNIX)

src/nvim/os/env.c

@@ -831,3 +831,43 @@ char_u *get_env_name(expand_T *xp, int idx)
   return NULL;
 }
 
+/// Appends the head of `fname` to $PATH and sets it in the environment.
+///
+/// @param fname  Full path whose parent directory will be appended to $PATH.
+///
+/// @return true if `path` was appended-to
+bool os_setenv_append_path(const char *fname)
+  FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ALL
+{
+#ifdef WIN32
+// 8191 (plus NUL) is considered the practical maximum.
+# define MAX_ENVPATHLEN 8192
+#else
+// No prescribed maximum on unix.
+# define MAX_ENVPATHLEN INT_MAX
+#endif
+  if (!path_is_absolute_path((char_u *)fname)) {
+    EMSG2(_(e_intern2), "os_setenv_append_path()");
+    return false;
+  }
+  const char *tail = (char *)path_tail_with_sep((char_u *)fname);
+  const char *dir = (char *)vim_strnsave((char_u *)fname,
+                                         (size_t)(tail - fname));
+  const char *path = os_getenv("PATH");
+  const size_t pathlen = path ? strlen(path) : 0;
+  const size_t newlen = pathlen + strlen(dir) + 2;
+  if (newlen < MAX_ENVPATHLEN) {
+    char *temp = xmalloc(newlen);
+    if (pathlen == 0) {
+      temp[0] = NUL;
+    } else {
+      xstrlcpy(temp, path, newlen);
+      xstrlcat(temp, ENV_SEPSTR, newlen);
+    }
+    xstrlcat(temp, dir, newlen);
+    os_setenv("PATH", temp, 1);
+    xfree(temp);
+    return true;
+  }
+  return false;
+}

src/nvim/os/fs.c

@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ bool os_can_exe(const char_u *name, char_u **abspath, bool use_path)
   if (!use_path || path_is_absolute_path(name)
       || (name[0] == '.'
           && (name[1] == '/' || (name[1] == '.' && name[2] == '/')))) {
-#if WIN32
+#ifdef WIN32
     bool ok = is_executable(name);
 #else
     // Must have path separator, cannot execute files in the current directory.
@@ -255,7 +255,7 @@ static bool is_executable(const char_u *name)
     return false;
   }
 
-#if WIN32
+#ifdef WIN32
   // Windows does not have exec bit; just check if the file exists and is not
   // a directory.
   return (S_ISREG(mode));
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ static bool is_executable_in_path(const char_u *name, char_u **abspath)
 #ifdef WIN32
   // Prepend ".;" to $PATH.
   size_t pathlen = strlen(path_env);
-  char *path = memcpy(xmallocz(pathlen + 3), ".;", 2);
+  char *path = memcpy(xmallocz(pathlen + 3), "." ENV_SEPSTR, 2);
   memcpy(path + 2, path_env, pathlen);
 #else
   char *path = xstrdup(path_env);
@@ -1027,7 +1027,7 @@ shortcut_end:
 int os_translate_sys_error(int sys_errno) {
 #ifdef HAVE_UV_TRANSLATE_SYS_ERROR
   return uv_translate_sys_error(sys_errno);
-#elif WIN32
+#elif defined(WIN32)
   // TODO(equalsraf): libuv does not yet expose uv_translate_sys_error()
   // in its public API, include a version here until it can be used.
   // See https://github.com/libuv/libuv/issues/79

src/nvim/os/unix_defs.h

@@ -16,7 +16,8 @@
 // Special wildcards that need to be handled by the shell.
 #define SPECIAL_WILDCHAR "`'{"
 
-// Separator character for environment variables.
+// Character that separates entries in $PATH.
 #define ENV_SEPCHAR ':'
+#define ENV_SEPSTR  ":"
 
 #endif  // NVIM_OS_UNIX_DEFS_H

src/nvim/os/win_defs.h

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
 
 #define FNAME_ILLEGAL "\"*?><|"
 
-// Separator character for environment variables.
+// Character that separates entries in $PATH.
 #define ENV_SEPCHAR ';'
+#define ENV_SEPSTR  ";"
 
 #define USE_CRNL
 

test/functional/eval/executable_spec.lua

@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 local helpers = require('test.functional.helpers')(after_each)
-local eq, clear, execute, call, iswin, write_file =
-  helpers.eq, helpers.clear, helpers.execute, helpers.call, helpers.iswin,
-  helpers.write_file
+local eq, clear, call, iswin, write_file =
+  helpers.eq, helpers.clear, helpers.call, helpers.iswin, helpers.write_file
 
 describe('executable()', function()
   before_each(clear)
@@ -15,8 +14,28 @@ describe('executable()', function()
     eq(0, call('executable', 'no_such_file_exists_209ufq23f'))
   end)
 
+  it('sibling to nvim binary', function()
+    -- Some executable in build/bin/, *not* in $PATH nor CWD.
+    local sibling_exe = 'printargs-test'
+    -- Windows: siblings are in Nvim's "pseudo-$PATH".
+    local expected = iswin() and 1 or 0
+    if iswin() then
+      print('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
+      print(helpers.eval('$PATH'))
+      print('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
+      -- $PATH on AppVeyor CI might be oversized, redefine it to a minimal one.
+      clear({env={PATH=[[C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows]]}})
+      print(helpers.eval('$PATH'))
+      print('XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX')
+      eq('arg1=lemon;arg2=sky;arg3=tree;',
+         call('system', sibling_exe..' lemon sky tree'))
+    end
+    eq(expected, call('executable', sibling_exe))
+  end)
+
   describe('exec-bit', function()
     setup(function()
+      clear()
       write_file('Xtest_not_executable', 'non-executable file')
       write_file('Xtest_executable', 'executable file (exec-bit set)')
       if not iswin() then  -- N/A for Windows.

test/functional/options/defaults_spec.lua

@@ -96,6 +96,10 @@ describe('startup defaults', function()
       eq(meths.get_option('runtimepath'), meths.get_option('packpath'))
     end)
   end)
+
+  it('v:progpath is set to the absolute path', function()
+    eq(eval("fnamemodify(v:progpath, ':p')"), eval('v:progpath'))
+  end)
 end)
 
 describe('XDG-based defaults', function()

test/unit/os/env_spec.lua

@@ -14,15 +14,15 @@ local cimp = cimport('./src/nvim/os/os.h')
 
 describe('env function', function()
   local function os_setenv(name, value, override)
-    return cimp.os_setenv((to_cstr(name)), (to_cstr(value)), override)
+    return cimp.os_setenv(to_cstr(name), to_cstr(value), override)
   end
 
   local function os_unsetenv(name, _, _)
-    return cimp.os_unsetenv((to_cstr(name)))
+    return cimp.os_unsetenv(to_cstr(name))
   end
 
   local function os_getenv(name)
-    local rval = cimp.os_getenv((to_cstr(name)))
+    local rval = cimp.os_getenv(to_cstr(name))
     if rval ~= NULL then
       return ffi.string(rval)
     else
@@ -52,6 +52,20 @@ describe('env function', function()
     end)
   end)
 
+  describe('os_setenv_append_path', function()
+    it('appends /foo/bar to $PATH', function()
+      local original_path = os.getenv('PATH')
+      eq(true, cimp.os_setenv_append_path(to_cstr('/foo/bar/baz')))
+      eq(original_path..':/foo/bar', os.getenv('PATH'))
+    end)
+
+    it('returns false if `fname` is not absolute', function()
+      local original_path = os.getenv('PATH')
+      eq(false, cimp.os_setenv_append_path(to_cstr('foo/bar/baz')))
+      eq(original_path, os.getenv('PATH'))
+    end)
+  end)
+
   describe('os_getenv', function()
     it('reads an env variable', function()
       local name = 'NEOVIM_UNIT_TEST_GETENV_1N'