fix(autocmds): once=true Lua event-handler may call itself #29544

Problem:
Event handler declared with `once=true` can re-trigger itself (i.e. more
than once!) by calling `nvim_exec_autocmds` or `:doautocmd`.

Analysis:
This happens because the callback is executed before deletion/cleanup
(`aucmd_del`). And calling `aucmd_del` before `call_autocmd_callback`
breaks the autocmd execution...

Solution:
Set `ac->pat=NULL` to temporarily "delete" the autocmd, then restore it
after executing the callback.

Fix #25526

Co-authored-by: Justin M. Keyes <justinkz@gmail.com>

src/nvim/autocmd.c

@@ -2025,7 +2025,8 @@ static void aucmd_next(AutoPatCmd *apc)
   apc->auidx = SIZE_MAX;
 }
 
-static bool call_autocmd_callback(const AutoCmd *ac, const AutoPatCmd *apc)
+/// Executes an autocmd callback function (as opposed to an Ex command).
+static bool au_callback(const AutoCmd *ac, const AutoPatCmd *apc)
 {
   Callback callback = ac->exec.callable.cb;
   if (callback.type == kCallbackLua) {
@@ -2106,16 +2107,24 @@ char *getnextac(int c, void *cookie, int indent, bool do_concat)
   apc->script_ctx = current_sctx;
 
   char *retval;
-  if (ac->exec.type == CALLABLE_CB) {
+  switch (ac->exec.type) {
-    // Can potentially reallocate kvec_t data and invalidate the ac pointer
+  case CALLABLE_EX:
-    if (call_autocmd_callback(ac, apc)) {
+    retval = xstrdup(ac->exec.callable.cmd);
-      // If an autocommand callback returns true, delete the autocommand
+    break;
-      oneshot = true;
+  case CALLABLE_CB: {
+    AutoCmd ac_copy = *ac;
+    // Mark oneshot handler as "removed" now, to prevent recursion by e.g. `:doautocmd`. #25526
+    ac->pat = oneshot ? NULL : ac->pat;
+    // May reallocate `acs` kvec_t data and invalidate the `ac` pointer.
+    bool rv = au_callback(&ac_copy, apc);
+    if (oneshot) {
+      // Restore `pat`. Use `acs` because `ac` may have been invalidated by the callback.
+      kv_A(*acs, apc->auidx).pat = ac_copy.pat;
     }
+    // If an autocommand callback returns true, delete the autocommand
+    oneshot = oneshot || rv;
 
-    // TODO(tjdevries):
+    // HACK(tjdevries):
-    //
-    // Major Hack Alert:
     //  We just return "not-null" and continue going.
     //  This would be a good candidate for a refactor. You would need to refactor:
     //      1. do_cmdline to accept something besides a string
@@ -2124,8 +2133,11 @@ char *getnextac(int c, void *cookie, int indent, bool do_concat)
     //      and instead we loop over all the matches and just execute one-by-one.
     //          However, my expectation would be that could be expensive.
     retval = xcalloc(1, 1);
-  } else {
+    break;
-    retval = xstrdup(ac->exec.callable.cmd);
+  }
+  case CALLABLE_NONE:
+  default:
+    abort();
   }
 
   // Remove one-shot ("once") autocmd in anticipation of its execution.

test/functional/autocmd/autocmd_spec.lua

@@ -160,7 +160,7 @@ describe('autocmd', function()
 
   it('++once', function() -- :help autocmd-once
     --
-    -- ":autocmd ... ++once" executes its handler once, then removes the handler.
+    -- ":autocmd … ++once" executes its handler once, then removes the handler.
     --
     local expected = {
       'Many1',
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ describe('autocmd', function()
     )
 
     --
-    -- ":autocmd ... ++once" handlers can be deleted.
+    -- ":autocmd … ++once" handlers can be deleted.
     --
     expected = {}
     command('let g:foo = []')
@@ -216,7 +216,7 @@ describe('autocmd', function()
     eq(expected, eval('g:foo'))
 
     --
-    -- ":autocmd ... <buffer> ++once ++nested"
+    -- ":autocmd … <buffer> ++once ++nested"
     --
     expected = {
       'OptionSet-Once',
@@ -250,6 +250,24 @@ describe('autocmd', function()
        --- Autocommands ---]]),
       fn.execute('autocmd Tabnew')
     )
+
+    --
+    -- :autocmd does not recursively call ++once Lua handlers.
+    --
+    exec_lua [[vim.g.count = 0]]
+    eq(0, eval('g:count'))
+    exec_lua [[
+      vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('User', {
+        once = true,
+        pattern = nil,
+        callback = function()
+          vim.g.count = vim.g.count + 1
+          vim.api.nvim_exec_autocmds('User', { pattern = nil })
+        end,
+      })
+      vim.api.nvim_exec_autocmds('User', { pattern = nil })
+    ]]
+    eq(1, eval('g:count'))
   end)
 
   it('internal `aucmd_win` window', function()