feat(lsp): add LspAttach and LspDetach autocommands

The current approach of using `on_attach` callbacks for configuring
buffers for LSP is suboptimal:

1. It does not use the standard Nvim interface for driving and hooking
   into events (i.e. autocommands)
2. There is no way for "third parties" (e.g. plugins) to hook into the
   event. This means that *all* buffer configuration must go into the
   user-supplied on_attach callback. This also makes it impossible for
   these configurations to be modular, since it all must happen in the
   same place.
3. There is currently no way to do something when a client detaches from
   a buffer (there is no `on_detach` callback).

The solution is to use the traditional method of event handling in Nvim:
autocommands. When a LSP client is attached to a buffer, fire a
`LspAttach`. Likewise, when a client detaches from a buffer fire a
`LspDetach` event.

This enables plugins to easily add LSP-specific configuration to buffers
as well as enabling users to make their own configurations more modular
(e.g. by creating multiple LspAttach autocommands that each do
something unique).

runtime/lua/vim/lsp.lua

@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-local if_nil = vim.F.if_nil
-
 local default_handlers = require('vim.lsp.handlers')
 local log = require('vim.lsp.log')
 local lsp_rpc = require('vim.lsp.rpc')
@@ -8,11 +6,16 @@ local util = require('vim.lsp.util')
 local sync = require('vim.lsp.sync')
 
 local vim = vim
-local nvim_err_writeln, nvim_buf_get_lines, nvim_command, nvim_buf_get_option =
-  vim.api.nvim_err_writeln, vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines, vim.api.nvim_command, vim.api.nvim_buf_get_option
+local nvim_err_writeln, nvim_buf_get_lines, nvim_command, nvim_buf_get_option, nvim_exec_autocmds =
+  vim.api.nvim_err_writeln,
+  vim.api.nvim_buf_get_lines,
+  vim.api.nvim_command,
+  vim.api.nvim_buf_get_option,
+  vim.api.nvim_exec_autocmds
 local uv = vim.loop
 local tbl_isempty, tbl_extend = vim.tbl_isempty, vim.tbl_extend
 local validate = vim.validate
+local if_nil = vim.F.if_nil
 
 local lsp = {
   protocol = protocol,
@@ -867,15 +870,27 @@ function lsp.start_client(config)
       pcall(config.on_exit, code, signal, client_id)
     end
 
+    for bufnr, client_ids in pairs(all_buffer_active_clients) do
+      if client_ids[client_id] then
+        vim.schedule(function()
+          nvim_exec_autocmds('LspDetach', {
+            buffer = bufnr,
+            modeline = false,
+            data = { client_id = client_id },
+          })
+
+          local namespace = vim.lsp.diagnostic.get_namespace(client_id)
+          vim.diagnostic.reset(namespace, bufnr)
+        end)
+
+        client_ids[client_id] = nil
+      end
+    end
+
     active_clients[client_id] = nil
     uninitialized_clients[client_id] = nil
 
-    lsp.diagnostic.reset(client_id, all_buffer_active_clients)
     changetracking.reset(client_id)
-    for _, client_ids in pairs(all_buffer_active_clients) do
-      client_ids[client_id] = nil
-    end
-
     if code ~= 0 or (signal ~= 0 and signal ~= 15) then
       local msg = string.format('Client %s quit with exit code %s and signal %s', client_id, code, signal)
       vim.schedule(function()
@@ -1213,6 +1228,13 @@ function lsp.start_client(config)
   ---@param bufnr (number) Buffer number
   function client._on_attach(bufnr)
     text_document_did_open_handler(bufnr, client)
+
+    nvim_exec_autocmds('LspAttach', {
+      buffer = bufnr,
+      modeline = false,
+      data = { client_id = client.id },
+    })
+
     if config.on_attach then
       -- TODO(ashkan) handle errors.
       pcall(config.on_attach, client, bufnr)
@@ -1359,6 +1381,12 @@ function lsp.buf_detach_client(bufnr, client_id)
     return
   end
 
+  nvim_exec_autocmds('LspDetach', {
+    buffer = bufnr,
+    modeline = false,
+    data = { client_id = client_id },
+  })
+
   changetracking.reset_buf(client, bufnr)
 
   if vim.tbl_get(client.server_capabilities, 'textDocumentSync', 'openClose') then