feat(lsp): add LspAttach and LspDetach autocommands

The current approach of using `on_attach` callbacks for configuring
buffers for LSP is suboptimal:

1. It does not use the standard Nvim interface for driving and hooking
   into events (i.e. autocommands)
2. There is no way for "third parties" (e.g. plugins) to hook into the
   event. This means that *all* buffer configuration must go into the
   user-supplied on_attach callback. This also makes it impossible for
   these configurations to be modular, since it all must happen in the
   same place.
3. There is currently no way to do something when a client detaches from
   a buffer (there is no `on_detach` callback).

The solution is to use the traditional method of event handling in Nvim:
autocommands. When a LSP client is attached to a buffer, fire a
`LspAttach`. Likewise, when a client detaches from a buffer fire a
`LspDetach` event.

This enables plugins to easily add LSP-specific configuration to buffers
as well as enabling users to make their own configurations more modular
(e.g. by creating multiple LspAttach autocommands that each do
something unique).

test/functional/plugin/lsp_spec.lua

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ local NIL = helpers.NIL
 local read_file = require('test.helpers').read_file
 local write_file = require('test.helpers').write_file
 local isCI = helpers.isCI
+local meths = helpers.meths
 
 -- Use these to get access to a coroutine so that I can run async tests and use
 -- yield.
@@ -341,6 +342,43 @@ describe('LSP', function()
       }
     end)
 
+    it('should fire autocommands on attach and detach', function()
+      local client
+      test_rpc_server {
+        test_name = "basic_init";
+        on_setup = function()
+          exec_lua [[
+            BUFFER = vim.api.nvim_create_buf(false, true)
+            vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('LspAttach', {
+              callback = function(args)
+                local client = vim.lsp.get_client_by_id(args.data.client_id)
+                vim.g.lsp_attached = client.name
+              end,
+            })
+            vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('LspDetach', {
+              callback = function(args)
+                local client = vim.lsp.get_client_by_id(args.data.client_id)
+                vim.g.lsp_detached = client.name
+              end,
+            })
+          ]]
+        end;
+        on_init = function(_client)
+          client = _client
+          eq(true, exec_lua("return lsp.buf_attach_client(BUFFER, TEST_RPC_CLIENT_ID)"))
+          client.notify('finish')
+        end;
+        on_handler = function(_, _, ctx)
+          if ctx.method == 'finish' then
+            eq('basic_init', meths.get_var('lsp_attached'))
+            exec_lua("return lsp.buf_detach_client(BUFFER, TEST_RPC_CLIENT_ID)")
+            eq('basic_init', meths.get_var('lsp_detached'))
+            client.stop()
+          end
+        end;
+      }
+    end)
+
     it('client should return settings via workspace/configuration handler', function()
       local expected_handlers = {
         {NIL, {}, {method="shutdown", client_id=1}};