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@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Lua engine *lua* *Lua*
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INTRODUCTION *lua-intro*
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The Lua 5.1 script engine is builtin and always available. Try this command to
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get an idea of what lurks beneath: >
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get an idea of what lurks beneath: >vim
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:lua print(vim.inspect(package.loaded))
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@@ -56,20 +56,20 @@ https://www.lua.org/doc/cacm2018.pdf
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versatile control for both Lua and its host (Nvim).
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*lua-call-function*
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Lua functions can be called in multiple ways. Consider the function: >
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Lua functions can be called in multiple ways. Consider the function: >lua
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local foo = function(a, b)
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print("A: ", a)
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print("B: ", b)
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end
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The first way to call this function is: >
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The first way to call this function is: >lua
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foo(1, 2)
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-- ==== Result ====
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-- A: 1
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-- B: 2
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This way of calling a function is familiar from most scripting languages.
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In Lua, any missing arguments are passed as `nil`. Example: >
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In Lua, any missing arguments are passed as `nil`. Example: >lua
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foo(1)
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-- ==== Result ====
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-- A: 1
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@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ discarded.
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It is also allowed to omit the parentheses (only) if the function takes
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exactly one string (`"foo"`) or table literal (`{1,2,3}`). The latter is often
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used to approximate the "named parameters" feature of languages like Python
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("kwargs" or "keyword args"). Example: >
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("kwargs" or "keyword args"). Example: >lua
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local func_with_opts = function(opts)
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local will_do_foo = opts.foo
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local filename = opts.filename
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@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ There is nothing special going on here except that parentheses are treated as
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whitespace. But visually, this small bit of sugar gets reasonably close to
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a "keyword args" interface.
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It is of course also valid to call the function with parentheses: >
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It is of course also valid to call the function with parentheses: >lua
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func_with_opts({ foo = true, filename = "hello.world" })
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<
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@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Lua intentionally does not support regular expressions, instead it has limited
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"patterns" which avoid the performance pitfalls of extended regex.
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|luaref-patterns|
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Examples using |string.match()|: >
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Examples using |string.match()|: >lua
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print(string.match("foo123bar123", "%d+"))
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-- 123
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@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ Note:
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- Although adjustments happen automatically, Nvim does not track current
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values of |package.path| or |package.cpath|. If you happen to delete some
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paths from there you can set 'runtimepath' to trigger an update: >
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paths from there you can set 'runtimepath' to trigger an update: >vim
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let &runtimepath = &runtimepath
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- Skipping paths from 'runtimepath' which contain semicolons applies both to
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@@ -231,11 +231,11 @@ arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
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chunk is evaluated as an expression and printed. `:lua =expr` is
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equivalent to `:lua print(vim.inspect(expr))`
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Examples: >
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Examples: >vim
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:lua vim.api.nvim_command('echo "Hello, Nvim!"')
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< To see the Lua version: >
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< To see the Lua version: >vim
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:lua print(_VERSION)
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< To see the LuaJIT version: >
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< To see the LuaJIT version: >vim
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:lua =jit.version
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<
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*:lua-heredoc*
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@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
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be preceded by whitespace. You can omit [endmarker] after the "<<" and use
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a dot "." after {script} (similar to |:append|, |:insert|).
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Example: >
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Example: >vim
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function! CurrentLineInfo()
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lua << EOF
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local linenr = vim.api.nvim_win_get_cursor(0)[1]
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@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
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that becomes the text of the corresponding buffer line. Default [range] is
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the whole file: "1,$".
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Examples: >
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Examples: >vim
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:luado return string.format("%s\t%d", line:reverse(), #line)
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:lua require"lpeg"
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@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ arguments separated by " " (space) instead of "\t" (tab).
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The whole argument is used as the filename (like |:edit|), spaces do not
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need to be escaped. Alternatively you can |:source| Lua files.
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Examples: >
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Examples: >vim
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:luafile script.lua
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:luafile %
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<
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@@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ luaeval() *lua-eval* *luaeval()*
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The (dual) equivalent of "vim.eval" for passing Lua values to Nvim is
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"luaeval". "luaeval" takes an expression string and an optional argument used
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for _A inside expression and returns the result of the expression. It is
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semantically equivalent in Lua to: >
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semantically equivalent in Lua to: >lua
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local chunkheader = "local _A = select(1, ...) return "
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function luaeval (expstr, arg)
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@@ -307,11 +307,11 @@ converted to a |Blob|. Conversion of other Lua types is an error.
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The magic global "_A" contains the second argument to luaeval().
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Example: >
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Example: >vim
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:echo luaeval('_A[1] + _A[2]', [40, 2])
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42
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" 42
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:echo luaeval('string.match(_A, "[a-z]+")', 'XYXfoo123')
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foo
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" foo
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<
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Lua tables are used as both dictionaries and lists, so it is impossible to
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determine whether empty table is meant to be empty list or empty dictionary.
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@@ -343,7 +343,7 @@ cases there is the following agreement:
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form a 1-step sequence from 1 to N are ignored, as well as all
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non-integral keys.
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Examples: >
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Examples: >vim
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:echo luaeval('math.pi')
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:function Rand(x,y) " random uniform between x and y
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@@ -360,16 +360,16 @@ treated specially.
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Vimscript v:lua interface *v:lua-call*
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From Vimscript the special `v:lua` prefix can be used to call Lua functions
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which are global or accessible from global tables. The expression >
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which are global or accessible from global tables. The expression >vim
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v:lua.func(arg1, arg2)
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is equivalent to the Lua chunk >
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is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
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return func(...)
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where the args are converted to Lua values. The expression >
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where the args are converted to Lua values. The expression >vim
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v:lua.somemod.func(args)
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is equivalent to the Lua chunk >
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is equivalent to the Lua chunk >lua
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return somemod.func(...)
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In addition, functions of packages can be accessed like >
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In addition, functions of packages can be accessed like >vim
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v:lua.require'mypack'.func(arg1, arg2)
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v:lua.require'mypack.submod'.func(arg1, arg2)
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Note: Only single quote form without parens is allowed. Using
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@@ -378,11 +378,11 @@ is still valid as a function call of itself, in case require returns a useful
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value).
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The `v:lua` prefix may be used to call Lua functions as |method|s. For
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example: >
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example: >vim
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arg1->v:lua.somemod.func(arg2)
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<
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You can use `v:lua` in "func" options like 'tagfunc', 'omnifunc', etc.
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For example consider the following Lua omnifunc handler: >
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For example consider the following Lua omnifunc handler: >lua
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function mymod.omnifunc(findstart, base)
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if findstart == 1 then
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@@ -397,7 +397,7 @@ Note: The module ("mymod" in the above example) must either be a Lua global,
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or use the require syntax as specified above to access it from a package.
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Note: `v:lua` without a call is not allowed in a Vimscript expression:
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|Funcref|s cannot represent Lua functions. The following are errors: >
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|Funcref|s cannot represent Lua functions. The following are errors: >vim
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let g:Myvar = v:lua.myfunc " Error
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call SomeFunc(v:lua.mycallback) " Error
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@@ -411,7 +411,7 @@ The Nvim Lua "standard library" (stdlib) is the `vim` module, which exposes
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various functions and sub-modules. It is always loaded, thus `require("vim")`
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is unnecessary.
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You can peek at the module properties: >
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You can peek at the module properties: >vim
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:lua print(vim.inspect(vim))
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@@ -431,7 +431,7 @@ Result is something like this: >
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...
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}
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To find documentation on e.g. the "deepcopy" function: >
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To find documentation on e.g. the "deepcopy" function: >vim
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:help vim.deepcopy()
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@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ VIM.LOOP *lua-loop* *vim.loop*
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`vim.loop` exposes all features of the Nvim event-loop. This is a low-level
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API that provides functionality for networking, filesystem, and process
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management. Try this command to see available functions: >
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management. Try this command to see available functions: >vim
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:lua print(vim.inspect(vim.loop))
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<
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@@ -452,14 +452,14 @@ see |luv-intro| for a full reference manual.
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*E5560* *lua-loop-callbacks*
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It is an error to directly invoke `vim.api` functions (except |api-fast|) in
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`vim.loop` callbacks. For example, this is an error: >
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`vim.loop` callbacks. For example, this is an error: >lua
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local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
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timer:start(1000, 0, function()
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vim.api.nvim_command('echomsg "test"')
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end)
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<
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To avoid the error use |vim.schedule_wrap()| to defer the callback: >
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To avoid the error use |vim.schedule_wrap()| to defer the callback: >lua
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local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
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timer:start(1000, 0, vim.schedule_wrap(function()
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@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ wrapping.)
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Example: repeating timer
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1. Save this code to a file.
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2. Execute it with ":luafile %". >
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2. Execute it with ":luafile %". >lua
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-- Create a timer handle (implementation detail: uv_timer_t).
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local timer = vim.loop.new_timer()
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@@ -492,7 +492,7 @@ Example: File-change detection *watch-file*
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3. Use ":Watch %" to watch any file.
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4. Try editing the file from another text editor.
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5. Observe that the file reloads in Nvim (because on_change() calls
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|:checktime|). >
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|:checktime|). >lua
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local w = vim.loop.new_fs_event()
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local function on_change(err, fname, status)
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@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@ Example: TCP echo-server *tcp-server*
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1. Save this code to a file.
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2. Execute it with ":luafile %".
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3. Note the port number.
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4. Connect from any TCP client (e.g. "nc 0.0.0.0 36795"): >
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4. Connect from any TCP client (e.g. "nc 0.0.0.0 36795"): >lua
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local function create_server(host, port, on_connect)
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local server = vim.loop.new_tcp()
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@@ -564,16 +564,16 @@ VIM.HIGHLIGHT *lua-highlight*
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Nvim includes a function for highlighting a selection on yank (see for example
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https://github.com/machakann/vim-highlightedyank). To enable it, add
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>
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>vim
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au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank()
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<
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to your `init.vim`. You can customize the highlight group and the duration of
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the highlight via
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>
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>vim
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au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {higroup="IncSearch", timeout=150}
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<
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If you want to exclude visual selections from highlighting on yank, use
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>
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>vim
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au TextYankPost * silent! lua vim.highlight.on_yank {on_visual=false}
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<
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vim.highlight.on_yank({opts}) *vim.highlight.on_yank()*
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@@ -756,7 +756,7 @@ VIM *lua-builtin*
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vim.api.{func}({...}) *vim.api*
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Invokes Nvim |API| function {func} with arguments {...}.
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Example: call the "nvim_get_current_line()" API function: >
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Example: call the "nvim_get_current_line()" API function: >lua
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print(tostring(vim.api.nvim_get_current_line()))
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vim.version() *vim.version*
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@@ -881,7 +881,7 @@ vim.wait({time} [, {callback}, {interval}, {fast_only}]) *vim.wait()*
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If {callback} errors, the error is raised.
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Examples: >
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Examples: >lua
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---
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-- Wait for 100 ms, allowing other events to process
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@@ -922,7 +922,7 @@ vim.ui_attach({ns}, {options}, {callback}) *vim.ui_attach()*
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used to handle messages when setting 'cmdheight' to zero (which is
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likewise experimental).
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Example (stub for a |ui-popupmenu| implementation): >
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Example (stub for a |ui-popupmenu| implementation): >lua
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ns = vim.api.nvim_create_namespace('my_fancy_pum')
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@@ -950,7 +950,7 @@ vim.type_idx *vim.type_idx*
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vim.val_idx *vim.val_idx*
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Value index for tables representing |Float|s. A table representing
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floating-point value 1.0 looks like this: >
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floating-point value 1.0 looks like this: >lua
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{
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[vim.type_idx] = vim.types.float,
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[vim.val_idx] = 1.0,
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@@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ See also https://github.com/nanotee/nvim-lua-guide.
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vim.call({func}, {...}) *vim.call()*
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Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
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See also |vim.fn|.
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Equivalent to: >
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Equivalent to: >lua
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vim.fn[func]({...})
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vim.cmd({command})
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@@ -1005,7 +1005,7 @@ vim.cmd({command})
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vim.fn.{func}({...}) *vim.fn*
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Invokes |vim-function| or |user-function| {func} with arguments {...}.
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To call autoload functions, use the syntax: >
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To call autoload functions, use the syntax: >lua
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vim.fn['some#function']({...})
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<
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Unlike vim.api.|nvim_call_function()| this converts directly between Vim
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@@ -1028,7 +1028,7 @@ from Lua conveniently and idiomatically by referencing the `vim.*` Lua tables
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described below. In this way you can easily read and modify global Vimscript
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variables from Lua.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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vim.g.foo = 5 -- Set the g:foo Vimscript variable.
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print(vim.g.foo) -- Get and print the g:foo Vimscript variable.
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@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ Nvim. This is because the index into the namespace simply returns a copy.
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Instead the whole dictionary must be written as one. This can be achieved by
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creating a short-lived temporary.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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vim.g.my_dict.field1 = 'value' -- Does not work
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@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ vim.env *vim.env*
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Environment variables defined in the editor session.
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See |expand-env| and |:let-environment| for the Vimscript behavior.
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Invalid or unset key returns `nil`.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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vim.env.FOO = 'bar'
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print(vim.env.TERM)
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<
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@@ -1110,7 +1110,7 @@ vim.o *vim.o*
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Note: this works on both buffer-scoped and window-scoped options using the
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current buffer and window.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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vim.o.cmdheight = 4
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print(vim.o.columns)
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print(vim.o.foo) -- error: invalid key
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@@ -1123,7 +1123,7 @@ vim.go *vim.go*
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option value and thus is mostly useful for use with |global-local|
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options.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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vim.go.cmdheight = 4
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print(vim.go.columns)
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print(vim.go.bar) -- error: invalid key
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@@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ vim.bo[{bufnr}] *
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Note: this is equivalent to both `:set` and `:setlocal`.
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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local bufnr = vim.api.nvim_get_current_buf()
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vim.bo[bufnr].buflisted = true -- same as vim.bo.buflisted = true
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print(vim.bo.comments)
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@@ -1146,11 +1146,11 @@ vim.wo[{winid}] *
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Like `:set`. If [{winid}] is omitted then the current window is used.
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Invalid {winid} or key is an error.
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Note: this does not access |local-options| (`:setlocal`) instead use: >
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Note: this does not access |local-options| (`:setlocal`) instead use: >lua
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nvim_get_option_value(OPTION, { scope = 'local', win = winid })
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nvim_set_option_value(OPTION, VALUE, { scope = 'local', win = winid }
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<
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Example: >
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Example: >lua
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local winid = vim.api.nvim_get_current_win()
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vim.wo[winid].number = true -- same as vim.wo.number = true
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print(vim.wo.foldmarker)
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@@ -1232,7 +1232,7 @@ Option:get()
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values will be returned in exactly the same fashion.
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For values that are comma-separated lists, an array will be returned with
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the values as entries in the array: >
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the values as entries in the array: >lua
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vim.cmd [[set wildignore=*.pyc,*.o]]
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vim.pretty_print(vim.opt.wildignore:get())
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@@ -1245,7 +1245,7 @@ Option:get()
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-- Will ignore: *.o
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<
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For values that are comma-separated maps, a table will be returned with
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the names as keys and the values as entries: >
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the names as keys and the values as entries: >lua
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vim.cmd [[set listchars=space:_,tab:>~]]
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vim.pretty_print(vim.opt.listchars:get())
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@@ -1256,7 +1256,7 @@ Option:get()
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end
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<
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For values that are lists of flags, a set will be returned with the flags
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as keys and `true` as entries. >
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as keys and `true` as entries. >lua
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vim.cmd [[set formatoptions=njtcroql]]
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vim.pretty_print(vim.opt.formatoptions:get())
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Christian Clason