diff --git a/src/nvim/path.c b/src/nvim/path.c
index d9009a0909..bce5b6f510 100644
--- a/src/nvim/path.c
+++ b/src/nvim/path.c
@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ bool path_equal(const char *s1, const char *s2, PathCmpFlags flags)
   assert(!(flags & kPathCmpLiteral) || flags == kPathCmpLiteral);
 
   if (flags == kPathCmpLiteral) {
-    return path_cmp(p_fic, s1, s2, MAXPATHL) == 0;
+    const bool is_url = path_with_url(s1) || path_with_url(s2);
+    // URI comparison is scheme-agnostic, so a trailing slash is significant.
+    return (!is_url || strlen(s1) == strlen(s2))
+           && path_cmp(p_fic, s1, s2, MAXPATHL) == 0;
   }
 
   if (flags & kPathCmpExpand) {
diff --git a/test/functional/api/buffer_spec.lua b/test/functional/api/buffer_spec.lua
index d46a704773..551bc4091f 100644
--- a/test/functional/api/buffer_spec.lua
+++ b/test/functional/api/buffer_spec.lua
@@ -2420,6 +2420,15 @@ describe('api/buf', function()
       eq(cwd .. '/' .. link .. '/', t.fix_slashes(api.nvim_buf_get_name(0)))
     end)
 
+    it('allows URI buffer names that differ by a trailing slash', function()
+      api.nvim_buf_set_name(0, 'test://example')
+      local trailing_slash = api.nvim_create_buf(true, false)
+      api.nvim_buf_set_name(trailing_slash, 'test://example/')
+
+      eq('test://example', api.nvim_buf_get_name(0))
+      eq('test://example/', api.nvim_buf_get_name(trailing_slash))
+    end)
+
     describe("with 'autochdir'", function()
       local topdir
       local oldbuf