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aa1d0ac095
As mentioned in #28287, repeating a macro for each selected line doesn't really make sense in non-linewise Visual mode. Fix #28287
561 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
561 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
*visual.txt* Nvim
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VIM REFERENCE MANUAL by Bram Moolenaar
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Visual mode *Visual* *Visual-mode* *visual-mode*
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Visual mode is a flexible and easy way to select a piece of text for an
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operator. It is the only way to select a block of text.
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This is introduced in section |04.4| of the user manual.
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Type |gO| to see the table of contents.
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==============================================================================
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1. Using Visual mode *visual-use*
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Using Visual mode consists of three parts:
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1. Mark the start of the text with "v", "V" or CTRL-V.
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The character under the cursor will be used as the start.
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2. Move to the end of the text.
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The text from the start of the Visual mode up to and including the
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character under the cursor is highlighted.
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3. Type an operator command.
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The highlighted characters will be operated upon.
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The |hl-Visual| group determines the highlighting of the visual selection.
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The 'virtualedit' option can be used to allow positioning the cursor to
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positions where there is no actual character.
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The highlighted text normally includes the character under the cursor.
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However, when the 'selection' option is set to "exclusive" and the cursor is
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after the Visual area, the character under the cursor is not included.
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With "v" the text before the start position and after the end position will
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not be highlighted. However, all uppercase and non-alpha operators, except
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"~" and "U", will work on whole lines anyway. See the list of operators
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below.
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*visual-block*
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With CTRL-V (blockwise Visual mode) the highlighted text will be a rectangle
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between start position and the cursor. However, some operators work on whole
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lines anyway (see the list below). The change and substitute operators will
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delete the highlighted text and then start insertion at the top left
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position.
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==============================================================================
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2. Starting and stopping Visual mode *visual-start*
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*v* *charwise-visual*
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[count]v Start Visual mode per character.
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With [count] select the same number of characters or
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lines as used for the last Visual operation, but at
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the current cursor position, multiplied by [count].
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When the previous Visual operation was on a block both
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the width and height of the block are multiplied by
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[count].
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When there was no previous Visual operation [count]
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characters are selected. This is like moving the
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cursor right N * [count] characters. One less when
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'selection' is not "exclusive".
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*V* *linewise-visual*
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[count]V Start Visual mode linewise.
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With [count] select the same number of lines as used
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for the last Visual operation, but at the current
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cursor position, multiplied by [count]. When there
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was no previous Visual operation [count] lines are
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selected.
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*CTRL-V* *blockwise-visual*
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[count]CTRL-V Start Visual mode blockwise.
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If you use <Esc>, click the left mouse button or use any command that
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does a jump to another buffer while in Visual mode, the highlighting stops
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and no text is affected. Also when you hit "v" in charwise Visual mode,
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"CTRL-V" in blockwise Visual mode or "V" in linewise Visual mode. If you hit
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CTRL-Z the highlighting stops and the editor is suspended or a new shell is
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started |CTRL-Z|.
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new mode after typing: *v_v* *v_CTRL-V* *v_V*
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old mode "v" "CTRL-V" "V" ~
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Normal Visual blockwise Visual linewise Visual
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Visual Normal blockwise Visual linewise Visual
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blockwise Visual Visual Normal linewise Visual
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linewise Visual Visual blockwise Visual Normal
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*gv* *v_gv* *reselect-Visual*
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gv Start Visual mode with the same area as the previous
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area and the same mode.
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In Visual mode the current and the previous Visual
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area are exchanged.
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After using "p" or "P" in Visual mode the text that
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was put will be selected.
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*gn* *v_gn*
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gn Search forward for the last used search pattern, like
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with `n`, and start Visual mode to select the match.
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If the cursor is on the match, visually selects it.
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If an operator is pending, operates on the match.
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E.g., "dgn" deletes the text of the next match.
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If Visual mode is active, extends the selection
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until the end of the next match.
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'wrapscan' applies.
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Note: Unlike `n` the search direction does not depend
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on the previous search command.
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*gN* *v_gN*
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gN Like |gn| but searches backward, like with `N`.
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*<LeftMouse>*
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<LeftMouse> Set the current cursor position. If Visual mode is
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active it is stopped. Only when 'mouse' option
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contains 'n' or 'a'. If the position is within 'so'
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lines from the last line on the screen the text is
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scrolled up. If the position is within 'so' lines from
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the first line on the screen the text is scrolled
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down.
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*<RightMouse>*
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<RightMouse> Start Visual mode if it is not active. The text from
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the cursor position to the position of the click is
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highlighted. If Visual mode was already active move
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the start or end of the highlighted text, whichever
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is closest, to the position of the click. Only when
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'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'.
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Note: when 'mousemodel' is set to "popup",
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<S-LeftMouse> has to be used instead of <RightMouse>.
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*<LeftRelease>*
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<LeftRelease> This works like a <LeftMouse>, if it is not at
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the same position as <LeftMouse>. In an older version
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of xterm you won't see the selected area until the
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button is released, unless there is access to the
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display where the xterm is running (via the DISPLAY
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environment variable or the -display argument). Only
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when 'mouse' option contains 'n' or 'a'.
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If Visual mode is not active and the "v", "V" or CTRL-V is preceded with a
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count, the size of the previously highlighted area is used for a start. You
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can then move the end of the highlighted area and give an operator. The type
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of the old area is used (character, line or blockwise).
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- Linewise Visual mode: The number of lines is multiplied with the count.
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- Blockwise Visual mode: The number of lines and columns is multiplied with
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the count.
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- Normal Visual mode within one line: The number of characters is multiplied
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with the count.
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- Normal Visual mode with several lines: The number of lines is multiplied
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with the count, in the last line the same number of characters is used as
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in the last line in the previously highlighted area.
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The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as
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one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the area will be
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extended to the rightmost column of the longest line.
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If you want to highlight exactly the same area as the last time, you can use
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"gv" |gv| |v_gv|.
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*v_<Esc>*
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<Esc> In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode.
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*v_META* *v_ALT*
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ALT (|META|) may act like <Esc> if the chord is not mapped.
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For example <A-x> acts like <Esc>x if <A-x> does not have a
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visual-mode mapping.
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*v_CTRL-C*
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CTRL-C In Visual mode: Stop Visual mode. When insert mode is
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pending (the mode message shows
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"-- (insert) VISUAL --"), it is also stopped.
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On MS-Windows, you may need to press CTRL-Break.
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==============================================================================
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3. Changing the Visual area *visual-change*
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*v_o*
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o Go to Other end of highlighted text: The current
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cursor position becomes the start of the highlighted
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text and the cursor is moved to the other end of the
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highlighted text. The highlighted area remains the
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same.
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*v_O*
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O Go to Other end of highlighted text. This is like
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"o", but in Visual block mode the cursor moves to the
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other corner in the same line. When the corner is at
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a character that occupies more than one position on
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the screen (e.g., a <Tab>), the highlighted text may
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change.
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*v_$*
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When the "$" command is used with blockwise Visual mode, the right end of the
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highlighted text will be determined by the longest highlighted line. This
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stops when a motion command is used that does not move straight up or down.
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For moving the end of the block many commands can be used, but you cannot
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use Ex commands, commands that make changes or abandon the file. Commands
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(starting with) ".", "&", CTRL-^, "Z", CTRL-], CTRL-T, CTRL-R, CTRL-I
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and CTRL-O cause a beep and Visual mode continues.
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When switching to another window on the same buffer, the cursor position in
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that window is adjusted, so that the same Visual area is still selected. This
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is especially useful to view the start of the Visual area in one window, and
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the end in another. You can then use <RightMouse> (or <S-LeftMouse> when
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'mousemodel' is "popup") to drag either end of the Visual area.
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==============================================================================
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4. Operating on the Visual area *visual-operators*
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The operators that can be used are:
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~ switch case |v_~|
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d delete |v_d|
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c change (4) |v_c|
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y yank |v_y|
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> shift right (4) |v_>|
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< shift left (4) |v_<|
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! filter through external command (1) |v_!|
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= filter through 'equalprg' option command (1) |v_=|
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gq format lines to 'textwidth' length (1) |v_gq|
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The objects that can be used are:
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aw a word (with white space) |v_aw|
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iw inner word |v_iw|
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aW a WORD (with white space) |v_aW|
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iW inner WORD |v_iW|
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as a sentence (with white space) |v_as|
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is inner sentence |v_is|
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ap a paragraph (with white space) |v_ap|
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ip inner paragraph |v_ip|
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ab a () block (with parentheses) |v_ab|
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ib inner () block |v_ib|
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aB a {} block (with braces) |v_aB|
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iB inner {} block |v_iB|
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at a <tag> </tag> block (with tags) |v_at|
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it inner <tag> </tag> block |v_it|
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a< a <> block (with <>) |v_a<|
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i< inner <> block |v_i<|
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a[ a [] block (with []) |v_a[|
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i[ inner [] block |v_i[|
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a" a double quoted string (with quotes) |v_aquote|
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i" inner double quoted string |v_iquote|
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a' a single quoted string (with quotes) |v_a'|
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i' inner simple quoted string |v_i'|
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a` a string in backticks (with backticks) |v_a`|
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i` inner string in backticks |v_i`|
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Additionally the following commands can be used:
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: start Ex command for highlighted lines (1) |v_:|
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r change (4) |v_r|
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s change |v_s|
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C change (2)(4) |v_C|
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S change (2) |v_S|
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R change (2) |v_R|
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x delete |v_x|
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D delete (3) |v_D|
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X delete (2) |v_X|
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Y yank (2) |v_Y|
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p put |v_p|
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P put without overwriting registers |v_P|
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J join (1) |v_J|
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U make uppercase |v_U|
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u make lowercase |v_u|
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^] find tag |v_CTRL-]|
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I block insert |v_b_I|
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A block append |v_b_A|
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(1): Always whole lines, see |:visual_example|.
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(2): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V.
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(3): Whole lines when not using CTRL-V, delete until the end of the line when
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using CTRL-V.
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(4): When using CTRL-V operates on the block only.
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Note that the ":vmap" command can be used to specifically map keys in Visual
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mode. For example, if you would like the "/" command not to extend the Visual
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area, but instead take the highlighted text and search for that: >
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:vmap / y/<C-R>"<CR>
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(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
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need to remove the 'B' flag from 'cpoptions'.)
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If you want to give a register name using the """ command, do this just before
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typing the operator character: "v{move-around}"xd".
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If you want to give a count to the command, do this just before typing the
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operator character: "v{move-around}3>" (move lines 3 indents to the right).
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*{move-around}*
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The {move-around} is any sequence of movement commands. Note the difference
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with {motion}, which is only ONE movement command.
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Another way to operate on the Visual area is using the |/\%V| item in a
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pattern. For example, to replace all '(' in the Visual area with '#': >
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:'<,'>s/\%V(/#/g
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Note that the "'<,'>" will appear automatically when you press ":" in Visual
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mode.
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==============================================================================
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5. Blockwise operators *blockwise-operators*
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Reminder: Use 'virtualedit' to be able to select blocks that start or end
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after the end of a line or halfway through a tab.
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Visual-block Insert *v_b_I*
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With a blockwise selection, I{string}<ESC> will insert {string} at the start
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of block on every line of the block, provided that the line extends into the
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block. Thus lines that are short will remain unmodified. TABs are split to
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retain visual columns. Works only for adding text to a line, not for
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deletions. See |v_b_I_example|.
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Visual-block Append *v_b_A*
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With a blockwise selection, A{string}<ESC> will append {string} to the end of
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block on every line of the block. There is some differing behavior where the
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block RHS is not straight, due to different line lengths:
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1. Block was created with <C-v>$
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In this case the string is appended to the end of each line.
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2. Block was created with <C-v>{move-around}
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In this case the string is appended to the end of the block on each line,
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and whitespace is inserted to pad to the end-of-block column.
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See |v_b_A_example|.
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Note: "I" and "A" behave differently for lines that don't extend into the
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selected block. This was done intentionally, so that you can do it the way
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you want.
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Works only for adding text to a line, not for deletions.
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Visual-block change *v_b_c*
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All selected text in the block will be replaced by the same text string. When
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using "c" the selected text is deleted and Insert mode started. You can then
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enter text (without a line break). When you hit <Esc>, the same string is
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inserted in all previously selected lines.
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Visual-block Change *v_b_C*
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Like using "c", but the selection is extended until the end of the line for
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all lines.
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*v_b_<*
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Visual-block Shift *v_b_>*
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The block is shifted by 'shiftwidth'. The RHS of the block is irrelevant. The
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LHS of the block determines the point from which to apply a right shift, and
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padding includes TABs optimally according to 'ts' and 'et'. The LHS of the
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block determines the point up to which to shift left.
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See |v_b_>_example|.
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See |v_b_<_example|.
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Visual-block Replace *v_b_r*
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Every screen char in the highlighted region is replaced with the same char, ie
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TABs are split and the virtual whitespace is replaced, maintaining screen
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layout.
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See |v_b_r_example|.
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==============================================================================
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6. Repeating *visual-repeat*
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When repeating a Visual mode operator, the operator will be applied to the
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same amount of text as the last time:
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- Linewise Visual mode: The same number of lines.
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- Blockwise Visual mode: The same number of lines and columns.
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- Normal Visual mode within one line: The same number of characters.
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- Normal Visual mode with several lines: The same number of lines, in the
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last line the same number of characters as in the last line the last time.
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The start of the text is the Cursor position. If the "$" command was used as
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one of the last commands to extend the highlighted text, the repeating will
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be applied up to the rightmost column of the longest line. Any count passed
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to the `.` command is not used.
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Visual mode |default-mappings| "@" and "Q" repeat a register for all selected
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lines if the selection is linewise. See |v_@-default| and |v_Q-default| for
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details. For example, given the text:
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123(hello)321
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456(world)654
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456(NOT THIS)654
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With register "x" containing the commands `yi(VP`, visually selecting the
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first two lines and typing `@x` produces:
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hello
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world
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456(NOT THIS)654
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==============================================================================
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7. Examples *visual-examples*
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*:visual_example*
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Currently the ":" command works on whole lines only. When you select part of
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a line, doing something like ":!date" will replace the whole line. If you
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want only part of the line to be replaced you will have to make a mapping for
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it. In a future release ":" may work on partial lines.
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Here is an example, to replace the selected text with the output of "date": >
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:vmap _a <Esc>`>a<CR><Esc>`<i<CR><Esc>!!date<CR>kJJ
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(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
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need to remove the 'B' flag from 'cpoptions')
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What this does is:
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<Esc> stop Visual mode
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`> go to the end of the Visual area
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a<CR><Esc> break the line after the Visual area
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`< jump to the start of the Visual area
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i<CR><Esc> break the line before the Visual area
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!!date<CR> filter the Visual text through date
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kJJ Join the lines back together
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*visual-search*
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Here is an idea for a mapping that makes it possible to do a search for the
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selected text: >
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:vmap X y/<C-R>"<CR>
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(In the <> notation |<>|, when typing it you should type it literally; you
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need to remove the 'B' flag from 'cpoptions')
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Note that special characters (like '.' and "*") will cause problems.
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Visual-block Examples *blockwise-examples*
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With the following text, I will indicate the commands to produce the block and
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the results below. In all cases, the cursor begins on the 'a' in the first
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line of the test text.
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The following modeline settings are assumed ":ts=8:sw=4:".
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It will be helpful to
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:set hls
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/<TAB>
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where <TAB> is a real TAB. This helps visualise the operations.
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The test text is:
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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1. fo<C-v>3jISTRING<ESC> *v_b_I_example*
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abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz
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abc STRING defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdef ghi STRING jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdefghijklmnSTRINGopqrstuvwxyz
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2. fo<C-v>3j$ASTRING<ESC> *v_b_A_example*
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
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abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
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abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzSTRING
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3. fo<C-v>3j3l<.. *v_b_<_example*
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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4. fo<C-v>3j>.. *v_b_>_example*
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abcdefghijklmn opqrstuvwxyz
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abc defghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdef ghi jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdefghijklmn opqrstuvwxyz
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5. fo<C-v>5l3jrX *v_b_r_example*
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abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz
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abc XXXXXXhijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdef ghi XXXXXX jklmnopqrstuvwxyz
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abcdefghijklmnXXXXXXuvwxyz
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==============================================================================
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8. Select mode *Select* *Select-mode*
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Select mode looks like Visual mode, but the commands accepted are quite
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different. This resembles the selection mode in Microsoft Windows.
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When the 'showmode' option is set, "-- SELECT --" is shown in the last line.
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Entering Select mode:
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- Using the mouse to select an area, and 'selectmode' contains "mouse".
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'mouse' must also contain a flag for the current mode.
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- Using a non-printable movement command, with the Shift key pressed, and
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'selectmode' contains "key". For example: <S-Left> and <S-End>. 'keymodel'
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must also contain "startsel".
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- Using "v", "V" or CTRL-V command, and 'selectmode' contains "cmd".
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- Using "gh", "gH" or "g_CTRL-H" command in Normal mode.
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- From Visual mode, press CTRL-G. *v_CTRL-G*
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Commands in Select mode:
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- Printable characters, <NL> and <CR> cause the selection to be deleted, and
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Vim enters Insert mode. The typed character is inserted.
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- Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key pressed, extend the
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selection. 'keymodel' must include "startsel".
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- Non-printable movement commands, with the Shift key NOT pressed, stop Select
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mode. 'keymodel' must include "stopsel".
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- ESC stops Select mode.
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- CTRL-O switches to Visual mode for the duration of one command. *v_CTRL-O*
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- CTRL-G switches to Visual mode.
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- CTRL-R {register} selects the register to be used for the text that is
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deleted when typing text. *v_CTRL-R*
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Unless you specify the "_" (black hole) register, the unnamed register is
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also overwritten.
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Otherwise, typed characters are handled as in Visual mode.
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When using an operator in Select mode, and the selection is linewise, the
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selected lines are operated upon, but like in charwise selection. For
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example, when a whole line is deleted, it can later be pasted in the middle of
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a line.
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Mappings and menus in Select mode. *Select-mode-mapping*
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When mappings and menus are defined with the |:vmap| or |:vmenu| command they
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work both in Visual mode and in Select mode. When these are used in Select
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mode Vim automatically switches to Visual mode, so that the same behavior as
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in Visual mode is effective. If you don't want this use |:xmap| or |:smap|.
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One particular edge case: >
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:vnoremap <C-K> <Esc>
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This ends Visual mode when in Visual mode, but in Select mode it does not
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|
work, because Select mode is restored after executing the mapped keys. You
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need to use: >
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:snoremap <C-K> <Esc>
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<
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Users will expect printable characters to replace the selected area.
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Therefore avoid mapping printable characters in Select mode. Or use
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|:sunmap| after |:map| and |:vmap| to remove it for Select mode.
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After the mapping or menu finishes, the selection is enabled again and Select
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|
mode entered, unless the selected area was deleted, another buffer became
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|
the current one or the window layout was changed.
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|
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|
When a character was typed that causes the selection to be deleted and Insert
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|
mode started, Insert mode mappings are applied to this character. This may
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|
cause some confusion, because it means Insert mode mappings apply to a
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character typed in Select mode. Language mappings apply as well.
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*gV* *v_gV*
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gV Avoid the automatic reselection of the Visual area
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after a Select mode mapping or menu has finished.
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Put this just before the end of the mapping or menu.
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At least it should be after any operations on the
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selection.
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*gh*
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gh Start Select mode, charwise. This is like "v",
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|
but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
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Mnemonic: "get highlighted".
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*gH*
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gH Start Select mode, linewise. This is like "V",
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|
but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
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Mnemonic: "get Highlighted".
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*g_CTRL-H*
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g CTRL-H Start Select mode, blockwise. This is like CTRL-V,
|
|
but starts Select mode instead of Visual mode.
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|
Mnemonic: "get Highlighted".
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|
vim:tw=78:ts=8:noet:ft=help:norl:
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