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Problem: calling `vim.filetype.match()` has performance bottleneck in that it has to match a lot of Lua patterns against several versions of input file name. This might be the problem if users need to call it synchronously a lot of times. Solution: add "parent pattern pre-matching" which can be used to quickly reject several potential pattern matches at (usually rare) cost of adding time for one extra Lua pattern match. "Parent pattern" is a manually added/tracked grouping of filetype patterns which should have two properties: - Match at least the same set of strings as its filetype patterns. But not too much more. - Be fast to match. For them to be effective, group should consist from at least three filetype patterns. Example: for a filetpye pattern ".*/etc/a2ps/.*%.cfg", both "/etc/" and "%.cfg" are good parent patterns (prefer the one which can group more filetype patterns). After this commit, `vim.filetype.match()` on most inputs runs ~3.4 times faster (while some inputs may see less impact if they match many parent patterns).