From 50d0348b648258f11d75ec751581220884ff32a3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm@openbsd.org>
Date: Wed, 19 Aug 2026 19:55:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] Stop at the right end line when walking wrapped lines,
 GitHub issue 5479.

---
 window-copy.c | 7 ++++---
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/window-copy.c b/window-copy.c
index 716a0f037..8c492c42e 100644
--- a/window-copy.c
+++ b/window-copy.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: window-copy.c,v 1.425 2026/08/05 12:23:25 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: window-copy.c,v 1.426 2026/08/19 19:55:04 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -4093,7 +4093,7 @@ window_copy_search_lr_regex(struct grid *gd, u_int *ppx, u_int *psx, u_int py,
 	endline = gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1;
 	pywrap = py;
 	while (buf != NULL &&
-	    pywrap <= endline &&
+	    pywrap < endline &&
 	    len < WINDOW_COPY_SEARCH_MAX_LINE) {
 		gl = grid_get_line(gd, pywrap);
 		if (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
@@ -4152,7 +4152,7 @@ window_copy_search_rl_regex(struct grid *gd, u_int *ppx, u_int *psx, u_int py,
 	endline = gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1;
 	pywrap = py;
 	while (buf != NULL &&
-	    pywrap <= endline &&
+	    pywrap < endline &&
 	    len < WINDOW_COPY_SEARCH_MAX_LINE) {
 		gl = grid_get_line(gd, pywrap);
 		if (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
@@ -4353,6 +4353,7 @@ window_copy_cstrtocellpos(struct grid *gd, u_int ncells, u_int *ppx, u_int *ppy,
 				break;
 		}
 	}
+	ncells = cell;
 
 	/* Locate starting cell. */
 	cell = 0;

From ac23f21a2c222357fbcca1e1b22f38c382060f55 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:18:58 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] More regress tests for zoom.

---
 regress/pane-ops.sh   | 166 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 regress/window-ops.sh |  21 +++++-
 2 files changed, 182 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/regress/pane-ops.sh b/regress/pane-ops.sh
index 41a6a2a45..c69362cee 100644
--- a/regress/pane-ops.sh
+++ b/regress/pane-ops.sh
@@ -19,7 +19,10 @@
 # - respawn-pane/respawn-window refusing a live pane without -k, working on a
 #   dead pane (remain-on-exit) and killing with -k;
 # - resize-pane -x/-y in cells and percent, -L/-R/-U/-D adjustments and -Z
-#   zoom/unzoom (including implicit unzoom on split).
+#   zoom/unzoom, layout round trips, zoom target selection, pane removal,
+#   window resizing and implicit unzoom on layout changes;
+# - swap-pane preserving one or two zoomed windows, including cross-window
+#   swaps of hidden panes and zoom targets.
 #
 # window-ops.sh covers window-level commands and buffers.sh paste buffers.
 
@@ -144,7 +147,8 @@ check_panes P:0 "0:$p3 1:$p0 2:$p2 3:$p1"
 # break-pane and join-pane.
 
 # break-pane moves a pane to a new window; -P -F prints where it went and -n
-# names the new window.
+# names the new window. Moving a pane out of a zoomed window unzooms it first.
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
 out=$($TMUX break-pane -d -P -F '#{window_index}:#{pane_id}' -n broken \
 	-s "$p1" -t P:)
 if [ "$out" != "1:$p1" ]; then
@@ -153,10 +157,14 @@ if [ "$out" != "1:$p1" ]; then
 fi
 check_fmt 'P:1' '#{window_name}:#{window_panes}' 'broken:1'
 check_fmt 'P:0' '#{window_panes}' '3'
+check_fmt 'P:0' '#{window_zoomed_flag}' '0'
 
-# join-pane -v moves it back (the source window, left empty, is destroyed).
+# join-pane -v moves it back (the source window, left empty, is destroyed) and
+# also unzooms the destination before changing its layout.
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
 check_ok join-pane -d -v -s P:broken.0 -t "$p2"
 check_fmt 'P:0' '#{window_panes}' '4'
+check_fmt 'P:0' '#{window_zoomed_flag}' '0'
 if $TMUX has-session -t P:broken 2>/dev/null; then
 	echo "Window 'broken' still exists after join-pane."
 	exit 1
@@ -299,6 +307,122 @@ check_fmt 'P:0' '#{window_panes}' '5'
 p6=$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:0.2 '#{pane_id}')
 check_ok kill-pane -t "$p6"
 
+# Zoom and unzoom preserve the exact tiled layout. Selecting another pane
+# without -Z unzooms, while -Z transfers zoom to the selected pane.
+layout=$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:0 '#{window_layout}')
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p2"
+check_fmt "$p2" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' '0:1'
+check_fmt P:0 '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -Z -t "$p2"
+check_fmt "$p2" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'1:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p2"
+check_fmt P:0 '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
+# Directional selection temporarily restores the full layout to find its
+# neighbour, then follows the same unzoom or -Z transfer rules.
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_fmt "$p0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'1:1:1'
+check_ok select-pane -D -t "$p0"
+check_fmt "$p2" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' '0:1'
+
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -D -Z -t "$p0"
+check_fmt "$p2" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'1:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p2"
+check_fmt P:0 '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
+# The last-pane path has separate zoom handling, both with and without -Z.
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p2"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p2"
+check_ok select-pane -l -t P:0
+check_fmt "$p0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'0:0:1'
+
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p0"
+check_ok select-pane -t "$p2"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p2"
+check_ok select-pane -l -Z -t P:0
+check_fmt "$p0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'1:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_fmt P:0 '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
+# Killing either a hidden ordinary pane or the zoom target unzooms.
+check_ok new-window -d -t P:12 -n zoom-kill 'cat'
+zk0=$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:12.0 '#{pane_id}')
+zk1=$($TMUX split-window -d -P -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:12.0 'cat')
+zk2=$($TMUX split-window -d -P -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:12.0 'cat')
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zk0"
+check_ok kill-pane -t "$zk1"
+check_fmt "$zk0" '#{window_panes}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' \
+	'2:0:0'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zk0"
+check_ok kill-pane -t "$zk0"
+check_fmt "$zk2" '#{window_panes}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' \
+	'1:0:0'
+check_ok kill-window -t P:12
+
+# The same cases through natural process exit exercise server_destroy_pane.
+check_ok new-window -d -t P:13 -n zoom-exit 'cat'
+ze0=$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:13.0 '#{pane_id}')
+ze1=$($TMUX split-window -d -P -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:13.0 'cat')
+ze2=$($TMUX split-window -d -P -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:13.0 'cat')
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$ze0"
+check_ok send-keys -t "$ze1" C-d
+i=0
+while [ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:13 '#{window_panes}')" != 2 ]; do
+	i=$((i + 1))
+	[ $i -gt 50 ] && { echo "Hidden pane did not exit."; exit 1; }
+	sleep 0.1
+done
+check_fmt "$ze0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' '0:0'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$ze2"
+check_ok send-keys -t "$ze2" C-d
+i=0
+while [ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:13 '#{window_panes}')" != 1 ]; do
+	i=$((i + 1))
+	[ $i -gt 50 ] && { echo "Zoomed pane did not exit."; exit 1; }
+	sleep 0.1
+done
+check_fmt "$ze0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' '0:0'
+check_ok kill-window -t P:13
+
+# resize-window restores both tiled and floating zoom targets after rebuilding
+# the layout at the new size.
+check_ok new-window -d -t P:14 -n zoom-resize 'cat'
+zr0=$($TMUX display-message -p -t P:14.0 '#{pane_id}')
+check_ok split-window -d -t P:14.0 'cat'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zr0"
+check_ok resize-window -t P:14 -x 90 -y 30
+check_fmt "$zr0" \
+	'#{window_width}x#{window_height}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' \
+	'90x30:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zr0"
+zrf=$($TMUX new-pane -dP -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:14 -x 20 -y 6 'cat')
+zrf_size=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$zrf" \
+	'#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}')
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zrf"
+check_ok resize-window -t P:14 -x 100 -y 32
+check_fmt "$zrf" \
+	'#{window_width}x#{window_height}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' \
+	'100x32:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$zrf"
+check_fmt "$zrf" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}' \
+	"1:$zrf_size"
+check_ok kill-window -t P:14
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # kill-pane.
 
@@ -307,8 +431,10 @@ check_ok kill-pane -t "$p3"
 check_panes P:0 "0:$p0 1:$p2 2:$p1"
 
 # -a kills every pane except the target.
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
 check_ok kill-pane -a -t "$p0"
 check_panes P:0 "0:$p0"
+check_fmt "$p0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' '0:0'
 
 # Killing the last pane in a window kills the window.
 check_ok new-window -d -t P:7 -n goner
@@ -516,6 +642,10 @@ check_panes P:3 "0:$r0 1:$r1 2:$r2"
 # Swapping a pane with itself quietly does nothing.
 check_ok swap-pane -d -s "$r1" -t "$r1"
 check_panes P:3 "0:$r0 1:$r1 2:$r2"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$r1"
+check_ok swap-pane -d -Z -s "$r1" -t "$r1"
+check_fmt "$r1" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' '1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$r1"
 
 # Panes can be swapped between different windows.
 check_ok swap-pane -d -s "$o0" -t "$r1"
@@ -525,10 +655,38 @@ check_ok swap-pane -d -s "$r1" -t "$o0"
 check_panes P:3 "0:$r0 1:$r1 2:$r2"
 check_panes P:5 "0:$o0"
 
+# With both windows zoomed, -Z preserves each window's zoom when hidden panes
+# are exchanged and when the zoom targets themselves are exchanged.
+o1=$($TMUX split-window -dP -F '#{pane_id}' -t P:5.0)
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$r0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$o0"
+check_ok swap-pane -d -Z -s "$r1" -t "$o1"
+check_fmt "$r0" \
+	'#{window_name}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' 'swaps:1:1'
+check_fmt "$o0" \
+	'#{window_name}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' 'other:1:1'
+check_fmt "$r1" '#{window_name}' 'other'
+check_fmt "$o1" '#{window_name}' 'swaps'
+
+check_ok swap-pane -d -Z -s "$r0" -t "$o0"
+check_fmt "$o0" \
+	'#{window_name}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' 'swaps:1:1'
+check_fmt "$r0" \
+	'#{window_name}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' 'other:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$o0"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$r0"
+
+# Restore the original panes before the remaining swap tests.
+check_ok swap-pane -d -s "$r0" -t "$o0"
+check_ok swap-pane -d -s "$r1" -t "$o1"
+check_ok kill-pane -t "$o1"
+check_panes P:3 "0:$r0 1:$r1 2:$r2"
+check_panes P:5 "0:$o0"
+
 # -Z keeps the window zoomed across the swap.
 check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$r0"
 check_ok swap-pane -d -Z -s "$r0" -t "$r1"
-check_fmt 'P:3' '#{window_zoomed_flag}' '1'
+check_fmt "$r0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}' '1:1'
 check_ok resize-pane -Z -t P:3
 check_panes P:3 "0:$r1 1:$r0 2:$r2"
 
diff --git a/regress/window-ops.sh b/regress/window-ops.sh
index bdb1b5fb9..25cbd8db0 100644
--- a/regress/window-ops.sh
+++ b/regress/window-ops.sh
@@ -17,7 +17,8 @@
 #   unlink the last link without -k;
 # - swap-window within and between sessions, -d keeping the active window,
 #   and the grouped-sessions error;
-# - rotate-window -U/-D rotating pane positions;
+# - rotate-window -U/-D rotating pane positions, with and without preserving
+#   zoom using -Z;
 # - kill-window switching to the last (previously current) window, kill-window
 #   -a killing all other windows and the "-f only valid with -a" guard.
 #
@@ -306,6 +307,24 @@ check_fmt 'R:0' '#{pane_index}:#{pane_id}' "0:$p1"
 check_ok rotate-window -D -t R:0
 check_fmt 'R:0' '#{pane_index}:#{pane_id}' "0:$p0"
 
+# Rotation without -Z unzooms. With -Z it preserves zoom and transfers it to
+# the pane which arrives at the active position.
+layout=$($TMUX display-message -p -t R:0 '#{window_layout}')
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok rotate-window -U -t R:0
+check_fmt "$p1" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'0:0:1'
+check_ok rotate-window -D -t R:0
+check_fmt 'R:0' '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p0"
+check_ok rotate-window -U -Z -t R:0
+check_fmt "$p1" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}' \
+	'1:1:1'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$p1"
+check_ok rotate-window -D -t R:0
+check_fmt 'R:0' '#{window_layout}' "$layout"
+
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # kill-window.
 

From 554c4bbde418e5e9b8220e4d4ceea5753db53a41 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 10:19:19 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Tests for modal panes on top.

---
 regress/modal-pane.sh | 136 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 135 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/regress/modal-pane.sh b/regress/modal-pane.sh
index d02a75683..b4217aa0a 100644
--- a/regress/modal-pane.sh
+++ b/regress/modal-pane.sh
@@ -145,12 +145,16 @@ case "$(fmt "$modal" '#{pane_flags}')" in
 *O*) ;;
 *) fail "modal pane flags do not include O" ;;
 esac
+case "$(fmt "$modal" '#{pane_flags}')" in
+*A*) ;;
+*) fail "modal pane flags do not include A" ;;
+esac
 case "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_flags}')" in
 *O*) ;;
 *) fail "modal window flags do not include O" ;;
 esac
 must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_modal_pane}')" "$modal"
-must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" 0
+must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" 1
 
 check_fail "window already has a modal pane" \
 	new-pane -O -x 10 -y 4 'cat'
@@ -177,12 +181,14 @@ under=$($TMUX split-window -PF '#{pane_id}' -t "$p0" 'cat') ||
 sleep 1
 must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{pane_id}')" "$modal"
 must_equal "$(fmt "$under" '#{pane_active}')" 0
+must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" 1
 
 float=$($TMUX new-pane -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 10 -y 4 -X 5 -Y 3 'cat') ||
 	fail "new floating pane under modal failed"
 sleep 1
 must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{pane_id}')" "$modal"
 must_equal "$(fmt "$float" '#{pane_active}')" 0
+must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" 1
 
 check_ok new-window -d -t modal: -n other 'cat'
 check_ok select-window -t modal:other
@@ -321,6 +327,7 @@ check_ok kill-pane -t "$modal"
 sleep 1
 must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{window_modal_pane}')" ''
 must_equal "$(fmt modal:0 '#{pane_id}')" "$p0"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$p0" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 0:0
 
 ignored=$($TMUX new-pane -KdPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$p0" 'cat') ||
 	fail "new-pane -K without -O failed"
@@ -352,5 +359,132 @@ new_top=$(fmt "$modal" '#{pane_top}')
 check_ok kill-pane -t "$modal"
 sleep 1
 
+# A nonmodal floating pane may remain above zoom, and switching between it and
+# the zoomed tiled pane must not unzoom the window.
+check_ok new-window -d -t modal: -n float-over-zoom 'cat'
+base=$(fmt modal:float-over-zoom '#{pane_id}')
+check_ok split-window -dh -t "$base" 'cat'
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$base"
+over=$($TMUX new-pane -APF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 20 -y 5 -X 20 -Y 10 'cat') ||
+	fail "new-pane -A failed"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+case "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_flags}')" in
+*A*) ;;
+*) fail "float-over-zoom pane flags do not include A" ;;
+esac
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 1:1
+check_ok select-pane -t "$base"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+check_ok select-pane -t "$over"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+client=$($TMUX list-clients -F '#{client_name}' | head -1)
+[ -n "$client" ] || fail "no client for switch-client test"
+check_ok switch-client -c "$client" -t "$base"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+check_ok switch-client -c "$client" -t "$over"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+check_ok kill-pane -t "$over"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 1:1
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$base"
+
+ignored=$($TMUX new-pane -ALdPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" 'cat') ||
+	fail "new-pane -A -L failed"
+case "$(fmt "$ignored" '#{pane_flags}')" in
+*A*) fail "tiled pane flags include A" ;;
+*) ;;
+esac
+
+# Existing floating panes are filtered when zoom begins: -A panes remain in the
+# visible layout and ordinary floating panes do not.
+check_ok new-window -d -t modal: -n existing-over-zoom 'cat'
+base=$(fmt modal:existing-over-zoom '#{pane_id}')
+check_ok split-window -dh -t "$base" 'cat'
+over=$($TMUX new-pane -AdPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 20 -y 5 -X 20 -Y 10 'cat') ||
+	fail "pre-existing new-pane -A failed"
+under=$($TMUX new-pane -dPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 15 -y 4 -X 2 -Y 2 'cat') ||
+	fail "pre-existing ordinary new-pane failed"
+check_ok select-window -t modal:existing-over-zoom
+check_ok select-pane -t "$base"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$base"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_floating_flag}')" 1
+must_equal "$(fmt "$under" '#{pane_floating_flag}')" 0
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 1:1
+
+# Geometry changed in the visible zoom layout is copied back when unzooming.
+check_ok select-pane -t "$over"
+left=$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_left}')
+top=$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_top}')
+meta_drag $((left + 2)) $((top + 2)) $((left + 7)) $((top + 4))
+new_left=$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_left}')
+new_top=$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_top}')
+[ "$new_left" -gt "$left" ] || [ "$new_top" -gt "$top" ] ||
+	fail "float-over-zoom pane did not move"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 1:1
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$base"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_left}:#{pane_top}')" \
+    "$new_left:$new_top"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$under" '#{pane_floating_flag}')" 1
+
+# Resizing with the over-zoom pane active restores the original zoom target.
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$base"
+check_ok select-pane -t "$over"
+check_ok resize-window -t modal:existing-over-zoom -x 90 -y 30
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" \
+    '#{window_width}x#{window_height}:#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" \
+    90x30:1:1
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+
+# Natural pane exit uses a different removal path from kill-pane and must also
+# preserve zoom.
+dying=$($TMUX new-pane -AdPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 12 -y 4 -X 4 -Y 3 'true') ||
+	fail "short-lived new-pane -A failed"
+i=0
+while $TMUX list-panes -a -F '#{pane_id}' | grep -qx "$dying"; do
+    i=$((i + 1))
+    [ $i -gt 50 ] && fail "short-lived float-over-zoom pane did not exit"
+    sleep 0.1
+done
+must_equal "$(fmt "$base" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}')" 1:1
+
+# A pane with -A is also above a zoom target which was itself floating. The
+# temporary tiled target must sit behind retained floating panes, then return
+# to the normal floating z order when unzoomed.
+check_ok new-window -d -t modal: -n floating-zoom-target 'cat'
+base=$(fmt modal:floating-zoom-target '#{pane_id}')
+check_ok split-window -dh -t "$base" 'cat'
+target=$($TMUX new-pane -dPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 30 -y 10 -X 10 -Y 5 'cat') ||
+	fail "floating zoom target creation failed"
+over=$($TMUX new-pane -AdPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$base" \
+    -x 15 -y 5 -X 15 -Y 8 'cat') ||
+	fail "float-over-zoom pane creation failed"
+check_ok select-window -t modal:floating-zoom-target
+check_ok select-pane -t "$target"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$target" '#{pane_z}')" 0
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_z}')" 1
+
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$target"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$target" \
+    '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_z}')" \
+    1:1:0:2
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_z}')" 1:0
+check_ok select-pane -t "$over"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{window_zoomed_flag}:#{pane_active}')" 1:1
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$target"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_active}:#{pane_z}')" 1:0
+must_equal "$(fmt "$target" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_z}')" 1:1
+
+# If the target remains active, it returns to the front on unzoom.
+check_ok select-pane -t "$target"
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$target"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_floating_flag}:#{pane_z}')" 1:0
+check_ok resize-pane -Z -t "$target"
+must_equal "$(fmt "$target" '#{pane_active}:#{pane_z}')" 1:0
+must_equal "$(fmt "$over" '#{pane_z}')" 1
+
 cleanup
 exit 0

From 95a71707098b1cf60a626adae4b2fbcaa8da4dee Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm@openbsd.org>
Date: Thu, 20 Aug 2026 09:19:24 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Add a way for floating panes to stay above zoom (-A)
 flag. Use by default for modal panes to match popups.

---
 cmd-select-pane.c   |  19 +++++--
 cmd-split-window.c  |  33 ++++++++---
 cmd-switch-client.c |  12 ++--
 layout.c            |  13 +++--
 resize.c            |  14 ++---
 server-client.c     |   5 +-
 server-fn.c         |  11 ++--
 spawn.c             |  13 +++--
 tmux.1              |  10 ++--
 tmux.h              |  10 ++--
 window.c            | 130 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------
 11 files changed, 191 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-)

diff --git a/cmd-select-pane.c b/cmd-select-pane.c
index dbf147cb5..e23ca0adc 100644
--- a/cmd-select-pane.c
+++ b/cmd-select-pane.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-pane.c,v 1.77 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-pane.c,v 1.78 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	char			*title;
 	const char		*style;
 	struct options_entry	*o;
+	int			 visible, Zflag = args_has(args, 'Z');
 
 	if (entry == &cmd_last_pane_entry || args_has(args, 'l')) {
 		/*
@@ -185,14 +186,18 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			server_redraw_window_borders(lastwp->window);
 			server_status_window(lastwp->window);
 		} else {
-			if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+			if (w->modal != NULL && lastwp != w->modal)
+				visible = 1;
+			else
+				visible = window_pane_is_visible(lastwp);
+			if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 			window_redraw_active_switch(w, lastwp);
 			if (window_set_active_pane(w, lastwp, 1)) {
 				cmd_find_from_winlink(current, wl, 0);
 				cmd_select_pane_redraw(w);
 			}
-			if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+			if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 		}
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -268,14 +273,18 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (wp == w->active)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+	if (w->modal != NULL && wp != w->modal)
+		visible = 1;
+	else
+		visible = window_pane_is_visible(wp);
+	if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
 	if (window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1))
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, current, "after-select-pane");
 	cmd_select_pane_redraw(w);
-	if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+	if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
diff --git a/cmd-split-window.c b/cmd-split-window.c
index 4980d6a9b..b41f8e6aa 100644
--- a/cmd-split-window.c
+++ b/cmd-split-window.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.149 2026/08/19 10:56:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.150 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "new-pane",
 	.alias = "newp",
 
-	.args = { "bB:Cc:de:EfF:hIkl:KLMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
+	.args = { "AbB:Cc:de:EfF:hIkl:KLMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-AbCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
 		 "[-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
 		 "[-F format] [-l size] [-m message] [-p percentage] "
 		 "[-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
@@ -90,6 +90,7 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
 	int			 input, empty, is_floating, flags = 0;
+	int			 restore_zoom = 0;
 	const char		*template, *style, *value;
 	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *title;
 	const struct options_table_entry *oe;
@@ -97,10 +98,16 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	enum pane_lines		 lines;
 	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
 
+	if (window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(w))
+		restore_zoom = 1;
+
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_new_pane_entry)
 		is_floating = !args_has(args, 'L');
 	else {
-		window_unzoom(w, 1);
+		if (!window_pane_is_visible(wp))
+			restore_zoom = 0;
+		if (!restore_zoom)
+			window_unzoom(w, 1);
 		is_floating = window_pane_is_floating(wp);
 		flags |= SPAWN_SPLIT;
 	}
@@ -134,7 +141,11 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_ZOOM;
 	if (args_has(args, 'O'))
-		flags |= SPAWN_MODAL;
+		flags |= SPAWN_MODAL|SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM;
+	if (is_floating && args_has(args, 'A'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM;
+	if ((w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) && (flags & SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM))
+		restore_zoom = 1;
 
 	input = args_has(args, 'I');
 	if (input || (count == 1 && *args_string(args, 0) == '\0'))
@@ -170,6 +181,8 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (cause != NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 		free(cause);
+		if (restore_zoom)
+			window_pop_zoom(w);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -274,7 +287,10 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (~flags & SPAWN_DETACHED)
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, new_wp, 0);
 
-	if ((~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) && !args_has(args, 'O')) {
+	if (restore_zoom) {
+		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
+		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
+	} else if ((~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) && !args_has(args, 'O')) {
 		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
 		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
 	}
@@ -325,8 +341,9 @@ fail:
 		if (!is_floating)
 			layout_close_pane(new_wp);
 		window_remove_pane(wp->window, new_wp);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'O'))
-		window_pop_modal_zoom(wp->window);
+	}
+	if (restore_zoom || (~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING))
+		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
diff --git a/cmd-switch-client.c b/cmd-switch-client.c
index 177107b47..44ea43cbc 100644
--- a/cmd-switch-client.c
+++ b/cmd-switch-client.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-switch-client.c,v 1.74 2026/05/22 15:22:43 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-switch-client.c,v 1.75 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	 target;
 	const char		*tflag = args_get(args, 't');
 	enum cmd_find_type	 type;
-	int			 flags;
+	int			 flags, visible, Zflag = args_has(args, 'Z');
 	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s;
@@ -139,11 +139,15 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		if (wl != NULL && wp != NULL && wp != wl->window->active) {
 			w = wl->window;
-			if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+			if (w->modal != NULL && wp != w->modal)
+				visible = 1;
+			else
+				visible = window_pane_is_visible(wp);
+			if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 			window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
 			window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
-			if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+			if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 		}
 		if (wl != NULL) {
diff --git a/layout.c b/layout.c
index b8ba1c2ef..02a4b681a 100644
--- a/layout.c
+++ b/layout.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: layout.c,v 1.96 2026/07/15 13:02:33 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: layout.c,v 1.97 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -1650,7 +1650,10 @@ layout_get_tiled_cell(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 		return (NULL);
 	}
 
-	window_push_zoom(wp->window, 1, (flags & SPAWN_ZOOM));
+	if (window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(w))
+		window_push_zoom(w, 0, 1);
+	else
+		window_push_zoom(w, 1, (flags & SPAWN_ZOOM));
 	lc = layout_split_pane(wp, type, size, flags);
 	if (lc == NULL)
 		*cause = xstrdup("no space for a new pane");
@@ -1677,8 +1680,10 @@ layout_get_floating_cell(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 			return (NULL);
 	}
 
-	if (flags & SPAWN_MODAL)
-		window_push_modal_zoom(w);
+	if (flags & SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM)
+		window_push_zoom(wp->window, 0, 1);
+	else if (window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(w))
+		window_push_zoom(wp->window, 0, 1);
 	else
 		window_push_zoom(wp->window, 1, (flags & SPAWN_ZOOM));
 	lcnew = layout_floating_pane(w, wp, &fg);
diff --git a/resize.c b/resize.c
index 4f7ee490a..67562522d 100644
--- a/resize.c
+++ b/resize.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: resize.c,v 1.58 2026/07/17 08:37:29 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: resize.c,v 1.59 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ resize_fire_window_resized(struct window *w, u_int old_sx, u_int old_sy)
 void
 resize_window(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy, int xpixel, int ypixel)
 {
-	u_int	old_sx = w->sx, old_sy = w->sy;
-	int	zoomed;
+	struct window_pane	*zwp;
+	u_int			 old_sx = w->sx, old_sy = w->sy;
 
 	/* Check size limits. */
 	if (sx < WINDOW_MINIMUM)
@@ -56,8 +56,8 @@ resize_window(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy, int xpixel, int ypixel)
 		sy = WINDOW_MAXIMUM;
 
 	/* If the window is zoomed, unzoom. */
-	zoomed = w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED;
-	if (zoomed)
+	zwp = window_zoomed_pane(w);
+	if (zwp != NULL)
 		window_unzoom(w, 1);
 
 	/* Resize the layout first. */
@@ -73,8 +73,8 @@ resize_window(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy, int xpixel, int ypixel)
 	    sx, sy, w->layout_root->g.sx, w->layout_root->g.sy);
 
 	/* Restore the window zoom state. */
-	if (zoomed)
-		window_zoom(w->active);
+	if (zwp != NULL && window_has_pane(w, zwp))
+		window_zoom(zwp);
 
 	tty_update_window_offset(w);
 	server_redraw_window(w);
diff --git a/server-client.c b/server-client.c
index a631a90a9..f1cdd8736 100644
--- a/server-client.c
+++ b/server-client.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: server-client.c,v 1.504 2026/08/19 10:56:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: server-client.c,v 1.505 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -806,8 +806,7 @@ server_client_check_mouse_in_pane(struct window_pane *wp, int px, int py,
 	} else {
 		/* Try the pane borders. */
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(fwp, &w->panes, entry) {
-			if ((w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) &&
-			    (~fwp->flags & PANE_ZOOMED))
+			if (!window_pane_is_visible(fwp))
 				continue;
 			if (window_pane_is_floating(fwp) &&
 			    window_pane_get_pane_lines(fwp) == PANE_LINES_NONE)
diff --git a/server-fn.c b/server-fn.c
index 503516afe..c833b0add 100644
--- a/server-fn.c
+++ b/server-fn.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: server-fn.c,v 1.150 2026/08/18 07:32:09 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: server-fn.c,v 1.151 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -227,10 +227,11 @@ server_kill_pane(struct window_pane *wp)
 		server_kill_window(w, 1);
 		recalculate_sizes();
 	} else {
-		server_unzoom_window(w);
+		window_push_zoom(w, 0, wp->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM);
 		server_client_remove_pane(wp);
 		layout_close_pane(wp);
 		window_remove_pane(w, wp);
+		window_pop_zoom(w);
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 	}
 }
@@ -418,15 +419,17 @@ server_destroy_pane(struct window_pane *wp, int notify)
 	if (notify)
 		server_fire_pane_exit("pane-exited", wp);
 
-	server_unzoom_window(w);
+	window_push_zoom(w, 0, wp->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM);
 	server_client_remove_pane(wp);
 	layout_close_pane(wp);
 	window_remove_pane(w, wp);
 
 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&w->panes))
 		server_kill_window(w, 1);
-	else
+	else {
+		window_pop_zoom(w);
 		server_redraw_window(w);
+	}
 }
 
 static void
diff --git a/spawn.c b/spawn.c
index 9e162217f..290b5da6f 100644
--- a/spawn.c
+++ b/spawn.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: spawn.c,v 1.51 2026/08/18 07:43:44 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: spawn.c,v 1.52 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -362,6 +362,8 @@ spawn_pane(struct spawn_context *sc, char **cause)
 		}
 		if (sc->flags & SPAWN_FLOATING)
 			new_wp->layout_cell->flags |= LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
+		if (sc->flags & SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM)
+			new_wp->flags |= PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM;
 
 		/*
 		 * If window currently zoomed, window_set_active_pane calls
@@ -725,10 +727,10 @@ spawn_editor(struct client *c, const char *buf, size_t len,
 	lg.sy = w->sy * 9 / 10;
 	lg.xoff = w->sx / 2 - lg.sx / 2;
 	lg.yoff = w->sy / 2 - lg.sy / 2;
-	window_push_modal_zoom(w);
+	window_push_zoom(w, 0, 1);
 	lc = layout_floating_pane(w, NULL, &lg);
 	if (lc == NULL) {
-		window_pop_modal_zoom(w);
+		window_pop_zoom(w);
 		spawn_editor_free(es);
 		return (NULL);
 	}
@@ -745,17 +747,18 @@ spawn_editor(struct client *c, const char *buf, size_t len,
 	sc.environ = env;
 	sc.idx = -1;
 	sc.cwd = _PATH_TMP;
-	sc.flags = SPAWN_FLOATING|SPAWN_MODAL;
+	sc.flags = SPAWN_FLOATING|SPAWN_MODAL|SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM;
 
 	wp = spawn_pane(&sc, &cause);
 	free(cmd);
 	environ_free(env);
 	if (wp == NULL) {
 		free(cause);
-		window_pop_modal_zoom(w);
+		window_pop_zoom(w);
 		spawn_editor_free(es);
 		return (NULL);
 	}
+	window_pop_zoom(w);
 	options_set_number(wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 0);
 	es->pid = wp->pid;
 	wp->editor = es;
diff --git a/tmux.1 b/tmux.1
index 1b692f05a..244daf9fc 100644
--- a/tmux.1
+++ b/tmux.1
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-.\" $OpenBSD: tmux.1,v 1.1157 2026/08/19 10:56:10 nicm Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: tmux.1,v 1.1158 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $
 .\"
 .\" Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
 .\"
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 .\" IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
 .\" OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 .\"
-.Dd $Mdocdate: August 19 2026 $
+.Dd $Mdocdate: August 20 2026 $
 .Dt TMUX 1
 .Os
 .Sh NAME
@@ -3642,7 +3642,7 @@ but a different format may be specified with
 .Fl F .
 .Tg newp
 .It Xo Ic new\-pane
-.Op Fl bCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ
+.Op Fl AbCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ
 .Op Fl B Ar border\-lines
 .Op Fl c Ar start\-directory
 .Op Fl e Ar environment
@@ -3691,8 +3691,8 @@ sets the pane border lines for floating panes; see
 .Fl M
 may be used when bound to a mouse drag key; the new floating pane is resized to
 follow the mouse drag.
-It has no effect with
-.Fl L .
+.Fl A
+creates a floating pane which remains visible above a zoomed pane.
 .Fl O
 creates a modal pane.
 A modal pane is always the active pane and prevents interaction with any other
diff --git a/tmux.h b/tmux.h
index b295e2313..c7fb2539e 100644
--- a/tmux.h
+++ b/tmux.h
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: tmux.h,v 1.1428 2026/08/19 10:56:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: tmux.h,v 1.1429 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -1302,6 +1302,7 @@ struct window_pane {
 #define PANE_ACTIVITY 0x40000
 #define PANE_CLOSEONCLICK 0x80000
 #define PANE_CAPTUREALLKEYS 0x100000
+#define PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM 0x200000
 
 	bitstr_t	*sync_dirty;
 	u_int		 sync_dirty_size;
@@ -1408,6 +1409,7 @@ struct window {
 	struct window_pane	*active;
 	struct window_pane	*modal;
 	struct window_pane	*modal_last;
+	struct window_pane	*was_zoomed;
 	struct window_panes 	 last_panes;
 	struct window_panes      z_index;
 	struct window_panes	 panes;
@@ -1450,7 +1452,6 @@ struct window {
 #define WINDOW_ZOOMED 0x8
 #define WINDOW_WASZOOMED 0x10
 #define WINDOW_RESIZE 0x20
-#define WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED 0x40
 #define WINDOW_ALERTFLAGS (WINDOW_BELL|WINDOW_ACTIVITY|WINDOW_SILENCE)
 
 	int			 alerts_queued;
@@ -2494,6 +2495,7 @@ struct spawn_context {
 #define SPAWN_HORIZONTAL 0x200
 #define SPAWN_SPLIT 0x400
 #define SPAWN_MODAL 0x800
+#define SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM 0x1000
 };
 
 /* Paste buffer. */
@@ -3682,8 +3684,8 @@ void		 window_resize(struct window *, u_int, u_int, int, int);
 void		 window_pane_send_resize(struct window_pane *, u_int, u_int);
 int		 window_zoom(struct window_pane *);
 int		 window_unzoom(struct window *, int);
-void		 window_push_modal_zoom(struct window *);
-int		 window_pop_modal_zoom(struct window *);
+int		 window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(struct window *);
+struct window_pane *window_zoomed_pane(struct window *);
 int		 window_push_zoom(struct window *, int, int);
 int		 window_pop_zoom(struct window *);
 void		 window_lost_pane(struct window *, struct window_pane *);
diff --git a/window.c b/window.c
index 5067ab596..852c8e666 100644
--- a/window.c
+++ b/window.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: window.c,v 1.369 2026/07/29 14:06:32 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: window.c,v 1.370 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ window_set_active_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp, int notify)
 		return (0);
 	if (w->modal != NULL && wp != w->modal)
 		return (0);
-	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
+	if ((w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) && !window_pane_is_visible(wp))
 		window_unzoom(w, 1);
 	lastwp = w->active;
 
@@ -911,13 +911,18 @@ window_zoom(struct window_pane *wp)
 {
 	struct window		*w = wp->window;
 	struct window_pane	*wp1;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	struct layout_geometry	 lg;
 
 	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
 		return (-1);
 	if (window_count_panes(w, 1) == 1)
 		return (-1);
 
-	if (w->active != wp)
+	if (w->active != wp &&
+	    (w->active == NULL ||
+	    (~w->active->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM) ||
+	    !window_pane_is_floating(w->active)))
 		window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
 	wp->flags |= PANE_ZOOMED;
 
@@ -928,6 +933,22 @@ window_zoom(struct window_pane *wp)
 
 	w->saved_layout_root = w->layout_root;
 	layout_init(w, wp);
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp1, &w->panes, entry) {
+		lc = wp1->saved_layout_cell;
+		if (wp1 == wp ||
+		    (~wp1->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM) ||
+		    lc == NULL ||
+		    (~lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING))
+			continue;
+		memcpy(&lg, &lc->g, sizeof lg);
+		lc = layout_floating_pane(w, wp, &lg);
+		layout_assign_pane(lc, wp1, 0);
+	}
+	/* A floating zoom target is now tiled, so put it behind the floats. */
+	if (wp->saved_layout_cell->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	}
 	w->flags |= WINDOW_ZOOMED;
 	events_fire_window("window-zoomed", w);
 	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
@@ -939,11 +960,26 @@ window_zoom(struct window_pane *wp)
 int
 window_unzoom(struct window *w, int notify)
 {
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct window_pane	*wp, *zoomed = NULL;
+	struct layout_cell	*slc;
 
-	if (!(w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED))
+	if (~w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
 		return (-1);
 
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
+		if (wp->flags & PANE_ZOOMED)
+			zoomed = wp;
+		if (~wp->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM)
+			continue;
+		if (wp->flags & PANE_ZOOMED)
+			continue;
+		slc = wp->saved_layout_cell;
+		if (slc == NULL || wp->layout_cell == NULL)
+			continue;
+		memcpy(&slc->g, &wp->layout_cell->g, sizeof slc->g);
+		memcpy(&slc->fg, &wp->layout_cell->fg, sizeof slc->fg);
+	}
+
 	w->flags &= ~WINDOW_ZOOMED;
 	layout_free(w, 0);
 	w->layout_root = w->saved_layout_root;
@@ -954,6 +990,22 @@ window_unzoom(struct window *w, int notify)
 		wp->saved_layout_cell = NULL;
 		wp->flags &= ~PANE_ZOOMED;
 	}
+	/* Put a floating zoom target back into the floating part of the list. */
+	if (zoomed != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(zoomed)) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, zoomed, zentry);
+		if (zoomed == w->active)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, zoomed, zentry);
+		else {
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+				if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (wp == NULL)
+				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, zoomed, zentry);
+			else
+				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(wp, zoomed, zentry);
+		}
+	}
 	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
 
 	if (notify) {
@@ -965,48 +1017,69 @@ window_unzoom(struct window *w, int notify)
 	return (0);
 }
 
-void
-window_push_modal_zoom(struct window *w)
+struct window_pane *
+window_zoomed_pane(struct window *w)
 {
-	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
-		w->flags |= WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED;
-	else
-		w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED;
-	window_unzoom(w, 1);
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+
+	if (~w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
+		return (NULL);
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_REVERSE(wp, &w->z_index, window_panes_zindex, zentry) {
+		if (wp->layout_cell != NULL && !window_pane_is_floating(wp))
+			return (wp);
+	}
+	return (NULL);
 }
 
 int
-window_pop_modal_zoom(struct window *w)
+window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(struct window *w)
 {
-	struct window_pane	*wp = w->active;
-
-	if (~w->flags & WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED)
+	if (~w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
 		return (0);
-	w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED;
-	if (wp != NULL && window_has_pane(w, wp))
-		return (window_zoom(wp) == 0);
-	return (0);
+	if (w->active == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	if (~w->active->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM)
+		return (0);
+	return (window_pane_is_floating(w->active));
 }
 
 int
 window_push_zoom(struct window *w, int always, int flag)
 {
+	struct window_pane	*wp = window_zoomed_pane(w);
+
 	log_debug("%s: @%u %d", __func__, w->id,
 	    flag && (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED));
 	if (flag && (always || (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)))
 		w->flags |= WINDOW_WASZOOMED;
 	else
 		w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASZOOMED;
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_WASZOOMED)
+		w->was_zoomed = wp;
+	else
+		w->was_zoomed = NULL;
 	return (window_unzoom(w, 1) == 0);
 }
 
 int
 window_pop_zoom(struct window *w)
 {
+	struct window_pane	*wp = w->was_zoomed;
+
 	log_debug("%s: @%u %d", __func__, w->id,
 	    !!(w->flags & WINDOW_WASZOOMED));
-	if (w->flags & WINDOW_WASZOOMED)
-		return (window_zoom(w->active) == 0);
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_WASZOOMED) {
+		w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASZOOMED;
+		w->was_zoomed = NULL;
+		if (w->active != NULL &&
+		    ((~w->active->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM) ||
+		    !window_pane_is_floating(w->active)))
+			wp = w->active;
+		if (wp == NULL || !window_has_pane(w, wp))
+			wp = w->active;
+		if (wp != NULL)
+			return (window_zoom(wp) == 0);
+	}
 	return (0);
 }
 
@@ -1058,8 +1131,8 @@ window_lost_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 		server_clear_marked();
 	if (wp == w->modal_last)
 		w->modal_last = NULL;
-	if (w->modal_last == NULL)
-		w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED;
+	if (wp == w->was_zoomed)
+		w->was_zoomed = NULL;
 
 	window_pane_stack_remove(&w->last_panes, wp);
 	if (wp == w->active) {
@@ -1086,7 +1159,6 @@ window_lost_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 		}
 	} else if (wp == w->modal) {
 		w->modal = w->modal_last = NULL;
-		w->flags &= ~WINDOW_WASMODALZOOMED;
 	}
 	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
 }
@@ -1094,13 +1166,9 @@ window_lost_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 void
 window_remove_pane(struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
-	int	pop = (wp == w->modal);
-
 	window_lost_pane(w, wp);
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
-	if (pop && window_pop_modal_zoom(w))
-		server_redraw_window(w);
 	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
 	window_pane_destroy(wp);
 }
@@ -1256,6 +1324,8 @@ window_pane_printable_flags(struct window_pane *wp)
 		flags[pos++] = 'Z';
 	if (window_pane_is_floating(wp))
 		flags[pos++] = 'F';
+	if (wp->flags & PANE_FLOATOVERZOOM)
+		flags[pos++] = 'A';
 	if (wp == w->modal)
 		flags[pos++] = 'O';
 	flags[pos] = '\0';
@@ -1958,7 +2028,7 @@ window_pane_is_visible(struct window_pane *wp)
 {
 	if (~wp->window->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
 		return (1);
-	return (wp == wp->window->active);
+	return (wp->layout_cell != NULL);
 }
 
 int

From 936bb6e7cdff4fc7700a4f36a6b828b87d9f8241 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2026 10:53:59 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Regress for GitHub issue 5511 from Francesc Rosas.

---
 regress/tty-draw-line.sh | 15 +++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+)

diff --git a/regress/tty-draw-line.sh b/regress/tty-draw-line.sh
index 09a956312..aa33982c9 100644
--- a/regress/tty-draw-line.sh
+++ b/regress/tty-draw-line.sh
@@ -105,6 +105,21 @@ sleep 1
 CLIENT=$($TMUX2 list-clients -F '#{client_name}' | head -1)
 [ -n "$CLIENT" ] || fail "no inner client"
 
+# A variation selector which widens the previous character must use window
+# coordinates when checking visibility in a pane with a nonzero x offset.
+$TMUX2 set -s variation-selector-always-wide on || exit 1
+WINDOW=$($TMUX2 neww -dPF '#{window_id}' "exec sleep 100") || exit 1
+PANE=$($TMUX2 splitw -dhPF '#{pane_id}' -t "$WINDOW" \
+	"exec sleep 100") || exit 1
+$TMUX2 selectw -t "$WINDOW" || exit 1
+$TMUX2 respawnp -k -t "$PANE" \
+	"printf '\nA\342\234\217\357\270\217B'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
+sleep 1
+$TMUX2 capturep -p -t "$PANE" >$TMP || exit 1
+EXPECTED=$(printf 'A\342\234\217\357\270\217B')
+check_line 2 "$EXPECTED"
+$TMUX2 killw -t "$WINDOW" || exit 1
+
 # Long line, then short line: default cells after cellsize must clear stale text.
 capture
 check_line 1 "abcdefghijklmnopqrst"

From 696a16cca27408f7d073d097efa4f763b614aef9 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: nicm <nicm@openbsd.org>
Date: Fri, 21 Aug 2026 09:53:04 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Use correct X position when combining characters, GitHub
 issue 5511 from Francesc Rosas.

---
 screen-write.c | 11 +++++++----
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/screen-write.c b/screen-write.c
index 990ef4e0f..22b555bd5 100644
--- a/screen-write.c
+++ b/screen-write.c
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: screen-write.c,v 1.287 2026/08/17 20:04:00 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: screen-write.c,v 1.288 2026/08/21 09:53:04 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -2760,10 +2760,11 @@ screen_write_combine(struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, const struct grid_cell *gc)
 	struct grid		*gd = s->grid;
 	const struct utf8_data	*ud = &gc->data;
 	struct options		*oo = global_options;
-	u_int			 i, n, cx = s->cx, cy = s->cy, vis, yoff = 0;
+	u_int			 i, n, cx = s->cx, cy = s->cy, vis;
 	struct grid_cell	 last;
 	struct tty_ctx		 ttyctx;
 	int			 force_wide = 0, zero_width = 0;
+	int			 xoff = 0, yoff = 0;
 	struct visible_ranges	*r;
 
 	/* Ignore U+3164 HANGUL_FILLER entirely. */
@@ -2857,9 +2858,11 @@ screen_write_combine(struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, const struct grid_cell *gc)
 	 * obscured in the middle, only on left or right, but there could be an
 	 * empty range in the visible ranges so we add them all up.
 	 */
-	if (wp != NULL)
+	if (wp != NULL) {
+		xoff = wp->xoff;
 		yoff = wp->yoff;
-	r = window_visible_ranges(wp, cx - n, cy + yoff, n, NULL);
+	}
+	r = window_visible_ranges(wp, xoff + cx - n, cy + yoff, n, NULL);
 	for (i = 0, vis = 0; i < r->used; i++)
 		vis += r->ranges[i].nx;
 	if (vis < n) {