Merge branch 'master' into command_parser

# Conflicts:
#	arguments.c
#	cmd-command-prompt.c
#	cmd-parse.y
#	cmd-run-shell.c
#	window-panes.c

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ tmux -vv -Ltest -f/dev/null new
 
 Or if you need your configuration:
 
-~~~base
+~~~bash
 tmux kill-server
 tmux -vv new
 ~~~

.github/README.md

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ A small example configuration is in `example_tmux.conf`.
 
 And a bash(1) completion file at:
 
-https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/blob/main/completions/tmux
+https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/blob/main/completions-core/tmux.bash
 
 For debugging, run tmux with `-v` or `-vv` to generate server and client log
 files in the current directory.

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+For pull request code reviews in this repository, do not leave any review comments under any circumstances.
+
+If asked to review a pull request, produce no comments.
+
+Do not comment on pull requests in this repository.
+
+For pull request code reviews in this repository, do not leave a pull request overview.
+
+Do not leave inline review comments.
+
+If asked to review a pull request, provide no summary, no overview, and no code comments.

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   action:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'tmux/tmux'
+    timeout-minutes: 10
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v5
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@89ae32b08ed1a541efecbab17912962a5e38981c # v6
         with:
           github-token: ${{ github.token }}
           issue-inactive-days: '30'

.github/workflows/regress.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+name: 'Run Tests'
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '33 3 * * *'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: tmux-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  regress:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    if: github.repository == 'tmux/tmux'
+    timeout-minutes: 300
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: ubuntu-24.04-x64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04
+            make: make
+            configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+          #- name: ubuntu-24.04-arm64
+          #  runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          #  make: make
+          #  configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+          - name: macos-26-arm64
+            runner: macos-26
+            make: gmake
+            configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@11d5960a326750d5838078e36cf38b85af677262 # v4
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y \
+            autoconf \
+            automake \
+            bison \
+            build-essential \
+            libevent-dev \
+            libncurses-dev \
+            libutf8proc-dev \
+            pkg-config
+
+      - name: dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+        run: |
+          brew install \
+            autoconf \
+            automake \
+            bison \
+            libevent \
+            jemalloc \
+            make \
+            ncurses \
+            utf8proc \
+            pkg-config
+
+      - name: build
+        run: |
+         sh autogen.sh
+          ./configure ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          ${{ matrix.make }} -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)"
+
+      - name: test
+        run: |
+          cd regress
+          ${{ matrix.make }}
+
+      - name: logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@ea165f8d65b6e75b540449e92b4886f43607fa02 # v4
+        with:
+          name: regress-logs-${{ matrix.name }}
+          path: regress/logs/*.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore

.gitignore

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 *~
 .deps/
 .dirstamp
+.serena/
+AGENTS.md
 Makefile
 Makefile.in
 aclocal.m4
@@ -19,6 +21,7 @@ configure
 core
 etc/
 fuzz/*-fuzzer
+regress/logs/
 tags
 tmux
 tmux.1.*

.mailmap

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Ted Unangst		<tedu@openbsd.org> tedu <tedu>
 Theo de Raadt		<deraadt@openbsd.org> Theo Deraadt <deraadt@openbsd.org>
 Theo de Raadt		<deraadt@openbsd.org> deraadt <deraadt>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas <thomas@xteddy.org>
+Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas Adam <thomas.adam22@gmail.com>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas Adam <thomas.adam@smoothwall.net>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> n6tadam <n6tadam@xteddy.org>
 Tim van der Molen	<tim@openbsd.org> tim <tim>

CHANGES

@@ -1,3 +1,556 @@
+CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
+
+* Many improvements to floating panes:
+
+  - new-pane and split-window can now set the title with -T and border lines
+    with -B, and new-pane -W waits for the pane command to exit;
+
+  - dragging with Ctrl now creates a new floating pane;
+
+  - modal panes may be created with new-pane -O; a window can have one modal
+    pane and it prevents interaction with the other panes while it is active.
+    A modal pane is now used for the editor in buffer mode;
+
+  - move-pane and resize-pane can now move and resize floating panes, including
+    mouse dragging;
+
+  - split-window in a floating pane creates a new floating pane that does not
+    overlap the active pane, if possible;
+
+  - break-pane can float a tiled pane, join-pane can tile a floating pane, and
+    swap-pane works with floating panes;
+
+  - choose-tree -h and choose-client -h hide the pane containing the mode, and
+    -k for choose commands kills the pane when the mode exits, which is useful
+    for modes in floating panes;
+
+  - pane-border-status has top-floating and bottom-floating, and there are new
+    default bindings under C-b g for common move and resize operations;
+
+  - floating panes are unzoomed before creation to avoid a crash.
+
+* Add support for themes and improve default colours:
+
+  - tmux now has builtin light and dark colour themes for terminals with 256 or
+    more colours; a new theme option controls whether tmux detects the terminal
+    theme, uses terminal colours, or forces light or dark (set to terminal for
+    the old colours);
+
+  - styles can use new theme colour names such as themeblack, themewhite and
+    themegreen, and colours in styles are expanded as formats;
+
+  - the terminal's own theme is reported to panes instead of being guessed from
+    the background, and inferred more accurately when theme reporting is not
+    supported (Ayman Bagabas, issue 5343);
+
+  - tree-mode-selection-style has been added, tree mode selection styling now
+    covers the whole line, and built-in modes use improved theme colours.
+
+* Improvements to customize mode:
+
+  - hooks and environment variables are now shown;
+
+  - e opens the selected value in an editor;
+
+  - C toggles showing only changed items;
+
+  - array item keys can now be changed.
+
+* Hooks (and control mode notifications) are now handled internally by using
+  events, each of which may carry keys and values as a payload. The control
+  mode subscriptions mechanism has been extended to allow general-purpose
+  "monitors" which check a format every second and trigger a hook when it
+  changes or becomes true:
+
+  - set-hook -B adds a monitor hook using the same subscription syntax as
+    refresh-client -B, and show-hooks -B lists them. -T runs the hook only when
+    the format is true;
+
+  - wait-for -E waits for hooks, notifications or user events, and set-hook -E
+    fires an event immediately;
+
+  - hooks have additional keys available. wait-for -v can be used to see the
+    keys sent with a hook event;
+
+  - new hooks to cover areas including client create and destroy, pane
+    activity, pane mode and prompt changes, pane movement and resizing, session
+    group changes and window creation, close and zoom;
+
+  - OSC 133 escape sequences now trigger events: pane-command-started,
+    pane-command-finished and pane-shell-prompt.
+
+* Add switch-mode, a fast switcher bound by default to Tab for windows and BTab
+  (S-Tab) for sessions.
+
+* Pane scrollbars now support auto-hide. This replaces the previous modal
+  behaviour where the pane was resized. With auto-hide, the scrollbar appears
+  while scrolling or while hovered and disappears after pane-scrollbars-timeout
+  (Michael Grant).
+
+* Extend the fill-character option so both inside and outside the window can be
+  changed.
+
+* Change set-option and set-hooks to use formats and add a -F flag to each.
+
+* Add a #{A/count:frames} modifier to show a series of frames as an animation
+  in the status line (issue 5412 from Fernando Daciuk).
+
+* Change command templates so %% is escaped for single quotes while %1 remains
+  unquoted, preventing single quotes in session or target names from
+  terminating quoted command sections (reported by Aliz Hammond).
+
+* display-panes is now a mode rather than an overlay, and can be run inside
+  another pane. The -b flag has been removed.
+
+* Add new-window -E, respawn-pane -E and respawn-window -E as more convenient
+  methods to create an empty pane (rather than using '' for the command).
+
+* Menus now belong to the window, so appear on all clients.
+
+* Dragging over an existing copy mode selection now adjusts it (Michael Grant).
+
+* Rectangle selection in copy mode may extend past the end of the current line
+  to match vi's virtualedit=block behaviour (Mark Kelly, issue 5227).
+
+* With mode-keys set to vi, scrolling in copy mode now keeps the cursor in the
+  same position relative to the text (Arseniy Simonov, issue 5216).
+
+* Copy mode no longer exits at the bottom while a selection is in progress
+  (issue 5349).
+
+* Add style attributes for dimming colours (dim=) and for hyperlinks (link= and
+  nolink) (issues 4842 and 4280 from Moritz Angermann).
+
+* New format modifiers: O: loops over options, V: loops over environments,
+  the I modifier reports client terminal information, t/d gives a time
+  difference in seconds, c/f and c/b emit colours, and the m operator supports
+  multiple terms and fuzzy matching.
+
+* Add or improve format variables including client_colours,
+  pane_start_command_list, window_manual_width, window_manual_height,
+  pane_last_output_time, pane_modal_flag and window_modal_pane.
+
+* Add additional pane sort orders, and a z sort order for choose-tree so
+  floating panes can be sorted by z-index.
+
+* Add -f filters to kill-pane -a, kill-window -a and kill-session -a (issue
+  4782).
+
+* Allow server ACLs to use groups as well as users (issue 4917).
+
+* The mouse option now defaults to on.
+
+* Fix send-keys -K so keys are inserted in the correct place in the input
+  queue, like keys from key bindings (issue 3476).
+
+* Fix control mode clients hanging on exit if pty data was still queued (Ben
+  Maurer, issue 5356), and avoid sending notifications to clients which are
+  already exiting (Ben Maurer, issue 5357).
+
+* Fix grouped sessions sometimes being left as unusable command targets while
+  they are being killed (Bryce Miller, issue 5180).
+
+* Fix choose mode filtering when more than one pane exists (issue 5326), and
+  fix an infinite loop in customize mode when a filter does not match.
+
+* Fix regsub when the pattern is anchored at the start (issue 5341).
+
+* Fix redraw issues around synchronized updates, copy mode, tabs, padding,
+  status lines, menus, popups, wide characters and floating panes. This
+  includes fixes for flicker with alternate screen applications and scrollbars
+  (Michael Grant, issue 5351; Noam Stolero, issue 5350; Aung Myo Kyaw, issue
+  5098).
+
+* Do not crash looking for the next or previous session (issue 5344), or when
+  no client is available.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7b TO 3.7c
+
+* Build with jemalloc on macOS to avoid what appears to be a bug in calloc
+  (issue 5385).
+
+* Fix scrollbar initial state so they appear on new windows (issue 5339).
+
+* Check time periodically in loops rather than every one (issue 5367).
+
+* Use message-style again as default for message-format.
+
+* Unzoom before creating floating panes to avoid a crash.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7a TO 3.7b
+
+* Fix so that the end of a synchronized update again triggers a redraw.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7 TO 3.7a
+
+* Fix crash in break-pane when no name is provided.
+
+* Scrollbar options are now cached rather than being looked up for every redraw
+  (issue 5298).
+
+* Only forbid #( in names, allow #[, empty names, : and .
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6b TO 3.7
+
+* Add floating panes. These are panes which sit above the layout ("tiled
+  panes") like popups but unlike popups are not modal and behave like panes (so
+  the same escape sequence support). Floating panes are created with the
+  new-pane command, bound to * by default.
+
+  This is an early release of this feature and they are relatively limited.
+  Currently floating panes can only be moved and resized using the mouse. The
+  default second status line (if status-format is set to 2) has changed to show
+  a list of panes. Many obvious features are not yet available for floating
+  panes (notably the ability to swap floating panes, resize them using
+  resize-pane, change them between floating and tiles, and restore custom
+  layouts with floating panes).
+
+  Mostly written by Michael Grant with help from Dane Jensen; testing and fixes
+  from others.
+
+* Allow run-shell arguments after a shell command to be expanded as #{1}, #{2}
+  and so on (from Rasmus Thystrup Karstensen in issue 5121).
+
+* Add -g to kill-session to kill all sessions in a session group (issue 5157
+  from github at jiku dot jp).
+
+* Tighten up read-only checks on attach-session, detach-client and
+  switch-client so that a user should be able to only detach their own client
+  (reported by John Walker).
+
+* Increase escape delay if the buffer contains a partial paste end, fixes
+  issues with at least Windows Terminal (from jing dot empty at gmail.com issue
+  5088).
+
+* When mode-keys is set to vi, do not allow the cursor to go into the invisible
+  extra cell to the right of the visible text; this is closer to what vi(1)
+  does (from Max Vim in issue 5070).
+
+* Add a five second limit on pasting for terminals which mysteriously lose the
+  end sequence if the paste is too big (that is, Terminal.app) (reported by
+  Garri Djavadyan in issue 4527).
+
+* Show file open errors more sensibly (reported by Meriel Luna Mittelbach in
+  issue 5081).
+
+* Update supported features list for Foot terminal (from Meriel Luna Mittelbach
+  in issue 5079).
+
+* Turn off the "is this a paste" guessing if the terminal supports bracket
+  pasting instead (issue 5031).
+
+* Check FIONREAD for all panes not just piped panes.
+
+* Add emacs-style recentre-top-bottom command to copy mode (issue 5053 from
+  sinyax75 at gmail dot com).
+
+* Allow the indicator in tree mode to be customized by two new options:
+  tree-mode-preview-format and tree-mode-preview-style.
+
+* Fix control client hang on exit after toggling no-output (issue 5049 from
+  Aaron Campbell). Also various other control mode fixes.
+
+* Add support for line numbers in copy mode. There is a new
+  copy-mode-line-numbers option which may be set to off, default (tmux's normal
+  line numbering where 0 is the top visible line), absolute (first line in
+  history is 1), relative (relative to the cursor) and hybrid (current line is
+  absolute, others relative). Also adds copy-mode-line-number-style and
+  copy-mode-current-line-number-style to set the style of the line numbers.
+  When copy mode is entered with the mouse, line numbers stay off. From Leo
+  Henon in issue 5025.
+
+* Make C-[ have the same bindings as Escape for terminals with extended
+  keys where they are different (issue 5035 from Eric Nicolas).
+
+* Sanitize paste buffer names in paste_set and paste_rename (issue 5032 from
+  Barrett Ruth).
+
+* Do not hang in run-shell when job_run fails (from Barrett Ruth in issue
+  5037).
+
+* Add ability to forward progress bar to outside terminal (issue 4972
+  from Eric Dorland).
+
+* Translate keypad keys to text in prompt input (from Barrett Ruth in issue
+  4996).
+
+* Sanitize pane titles and window and session names more consistently and
+  strictly, prevents C0 characters and other invisible characters causing
+  problems (reported by Chris Monardo in issue 4999).
+
+* Make clock visible on terminals without colours (from Manuel Einfalt in issue
+  5001).
+
+* Add detach to default session menu (suggested by Przemyslaw Sztoch).
+
+* Include window format variables for pane notifications (issue 5007 from Saul
+  Nogueras).
+
+* Limit precision to 100 for formats to stop silly formats from running out of
+  memory, reported by z1281552865 at gmail dot com. Also various other similar
+  changes, mostly found by OSS-Fuzz.
+
+* Add WAYLAND_DISPLAY to default update-environment (issue 4965). Also some
+  additional XDG_* variables (issue 5169).
+
+* Add -C flag to command-prompt to match display-message -C (do not freeze
+  panes) (from Barrett Ruth in issue 4978).
+
+* Cache user from getpwuid because it can be very expensive on some
+  platforms (from Ben Maurer in issue 4973).
+
+* Add remain-on-exit key to keep pane around until a key is pressed (from
+  Michael Grant).
+
+* Add some new mouse ranges called "control0" to "control9" and use to add some
+  mouse controls to the pane state line (from Dane Jensen with some bits from
+  Michael Grant).
+
+* Handle OSC 9;4 progress bar sequence and store in format variables (from Eric
+  Dorland in issue 4954).
+
+* Correctly size buffer used for parsing clipboard sequences (from Michal
+  Majchrowicz).
+
+* Limit MSG_COMMAND argument to between 0 and 1000 to prevent a misbehaving
+  client from crashing the server (from Michal Majchrowicz).
+
+* Reorganize host keys are represented internally so they can be built more
+  easily (from Dane Jensen in issue 4953).
+
+* Add new fuzzers for command parsing, formats and styles (from David
+  Korczynski in issue 4957). Also fix various issues shown from these.
+
+* Add bracket_paste_flag format flag (from George Nachman in issue 4951).
+
+* Use \- for hyphens in tmux.1 to cause newer groff versions to render them
+  correctly (from Keith Thompson in issue 4948).
+
+* Various minor code improvements and fixes from Pavel Lavrukhin (issue 4936
+  and others).
+
+* Use window options for cursor-style to avoid crash when no pane (from Arden
+  Packeer in issue 4942).
+
+* Fix issue where popup window gets overwritten by background updates (from
+  Conor Taylor in issue 4920).
+
+* Protect against overflow when scrollbar is off screen (from san65384 at gmail
+  dot com in issue 4933).
+
+* Copy hyperlinks when redrawing popup so they do not vanish (from Antoine
+  Gaudreau Simard in issue 4925).
+
+* Work around systemd killing panes early during system shutdown by creating
+  dependencies from the panes to the service which started tmux (issue 4926
+  from Dmitry Torokhov).
+
+* Allow codepoint-widths to accept ranges (from san65384 at gmail dot com in
+  issue 4930).
+
+* Add a short builtin help text for each mode accessible with C-h (based on
+  code from Patrick Motard in issue 4751).
+
+* Draw message as one format, allowing prompts and messages to occupy only a
+  portion of the status bar, overlaying the normal status content rather than
+  replacing the entire line. A new message-format option now controls the
+  entire message (like status-format). The message-style option now need to
+  include "fill" in order to cover the whole width (the default has
+  "fill=yellow"). From Conor Taylor in issue 4861.
+
+* Add next/previous variables for windows in W: loop (from Conor Taylor in
+  issue 4856).
+
+* Various bug and memory leak fixes from Renaud Allard (issue 4916).
+
+* Add pane_pipe_pid with pipe file descriptor.
+
+* Make -c work with new-session -A (from Jody Frankowski in issue 4906).
+
+* Allow copy mode to work for readonly clients, except for copy commands (from
+  Dane Jensen).
+
+* Pass paste buffer through vis(3) when pasting to prevent buffers containing
+  for example the bracket end sequence causing issues, a new -S flag disables
+  (reported by Mason Davis).
+
+* Add sorting (-O flag) and a custom format (-F) to list-keys (from Dane Jensen
+  in issue 4845).
+
+* Add scroll-exit-on, scroll-exit-off, scroll-exit-toggle commands to copy mode
+  (from xcdnlgd at hotmail dot com in issue 4884).
+
+* Respond to DECRQM 2026 (from David Turnbull in issue 4887) and various others
+  (from Ayman Bagabas in issue 5118).
+
+* Fix various memory leaks reported by Huihui Huang (issue 4872).
+
+* Pass which clipboard is set through to the terminal (from Axel Lindskog in
+  issue 4858).
+
+* Reuse extended entry when clearing RGB cell, to prevent memory growth when
+  cells are repeatedly cleared (from Michael K Darling in issue 4862).
+
+* Do not write before buffer when parsing empty clipboard or palette replies,
+  or try to allocate zero bytes with an empty clipboard sequence (reported by
+  DongHan Kim).
+
+* Various bug fixes and code improvements from Conor Taylor (issue 4848).
+
+* Clear search counts when clearing marks in case of repeated search (reported
+  by Daniel Pereira in issue 4817).
+
+* Make OSC 52 work in popups (from gogongxt at 163 dot com in issue 4797).
+
+* Refresh copy mode when style changes (from Josh Cooper in issue 4830).
+
+* Make sorting code common and add -O for sorting to the list commands (from
+  Dane Jensen in issue 4813).
+
+* Do not treat cells as empty unless the background colour stays the same,
+  fixes invisible clock in clock mode (reported by Theo Buehler).
+
+* When history-limit is changed, apply to existing panes, not just new
+  ones (issue 4705).
+
+* Reevaluate menu and popup styles on each draw to allow them to change when
+  options change (from Josh Cooper in issues 4828 and 4829).
+
+* Handle theme keys earlier so they are processed even if a popup is open (from
+  Josh Cooper in issue 4827).
+
+* Fix window-size=latest not resizing on switch-client in session groups (from
+  Ilya Grigoriev in issue 4818).
+
+* Add -e flag to command-prompt to close if empty (from Dane Jensen in issue
+  4812).
+
+* Correctly draw indicators when pane-border-indicators is set to both
+  (reported by Ilya Grigoriev in issue 4780).
+
+* Remember last pane or type of location for double and triple clicks and
+  correctly handle it changes between first and second or second and third
+  (issue 4795 from Shaobo Song).
+
+* Add paste to the default pane menu (issue 4763).
+
+* Reduce request timeout to 500 milliseconds to match the extended escape-time,
+  and discard palette requests if receiving a reply for a different index.
+
+* Extend escape timeout if there are active forwarded requests not just
+  tmux's own requests (issue 4793).
+
+* Correct redrawing of wide characters when overwritten (reported by Jake
+  Stewart in issue 4737).
+
+* If cannot find a terminator for palette responses, treat as a partial key not
+  complete (issue 4749).
+
+* Do not send theme unless it has changed, and do not send immediately when
+  updates are enabled (issue 5787).
+
+* Do not use ;;s in list-keys output as it is confusing and cannot be
+  parsed on input (from Patrick Motard in issue 4750).
+
+* Redraw pane borders when entering or leaving alternate screen (from Mike
+  Jonkmans in issue 4788).
+
+* Add focus-follows-mouse option (from Barry Wasdell in issue 4771).
+
+* Add selection_mode format variable for copy mode (from Mike Jonkmans in issue
+  4773).
+
+* Add prompt-command-cursor-style (from Joshua Cooper in issue 4765).
+
+* With status-keys vi, move the cursor left by one when pressing Escape to
+  enter command mode, like vi (issue 4767 from Joshua Cooper).
+
+* Add {current}/{active} for -t for current window or active pane (from Manuel
+  Einfalt, issue 4766).
+
+* Add support for applications to use synchronized output mode (DECSET 2026) to
+  prevent screen tearing during rapid updates (from Chris Lloyd in issue 4744).
+
+* Do not set a default prompt cursor colour because some terminals (urxvt, st)
+  do not support the reset sequence (issue 4759).
+
+* Add a scroll-to-mouse command for copy mode to scroll to the mouse position
+  and bind to the scrollbar, brings the scrollbar keys into line with the other
+  mouse keys (from Michael Grant in issue 4731).
+
+* Bump the maximum number of SIXEL images to 20.
+
+* Fix key code for M-BSpace (issue 4717).
+
+* Fix calculation of scaled SIXEL size (from nincsnevem662 at gmail dot com in
+  issue 4739). Also various other fixes and improvements for SIXEL.
+
+* Fix a race between fork and pane_current_path, most noticeable on systems
+  where starting processes is slow (issue 4719).
+
+* Fix mouse position calculation on scrollbar with pane status line at the top
+  (issue 4738 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Do not read outside buffer if format is a single #, and do not loop forever
+  if UTF-8 is unfinished in a format (reported by Giorgi Kobakhia in issue
+  4735).
+
+* Add a missing skin tone character (from Jake Stewart in issue 4736).
+
+* Allow UTF-8 characters to be combined in either order (reported by Jake
+  Stewart in issue 4726).
+
+* Do not show scrollbar when entering copy mode from a pane in the alternate
+  screen (issue 4728 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Fix the size calculation for left-right windows used to spread out cells
+  horizontally evenly (from Michael Grant in issue 4724).
+
+* Add a get-clipboard option which when enabled (the default is off) and a
+  clipboard is requested from a pane, requests it from the terminal and
+  forwards to the requesting pane; also remove the now-redundant
+  forward-to-pane ability from "refresh-client -l" (issue 4275).
+
+* Fix the noattr attribute in styles, used by the default mode-style (issue
+  4713).
+
+* Do not remove TERM for commands run from config file (regression reported by
+  Dennis Eriksen).
+
+* Add seconds options for clock mode (from augustus7613 dot mail at pm dot me,
+  issue 4697; later improved by Joao Pedro in issue 4760).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6a TO 3.6b
+
+* Remove images from the correct list when they are removed while in the
+  alternate screen (reported by xlabai at tencent dot com).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6 TO 3.6a
+
+* Fix a buffer overread and an infinite loop in format processing (reported by
+  Giorgi Kobakhia, issue 4735).
+
+* Allow drag in alternate screen again (issue 4743 reported by Brad King).
+
+* Fix y offset of mouse if status at top (issue 4738 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Add a missing skin tone (from Jake Stewart, issue 4736).
+
+* Allow characters to be combined in either order (issue 4726, reported by Jake
+  Stewart).
+
+* Fix horizontal mouse resizing when pane status lines are on (from Michael
+  Grant, issue 4720).
+
+* Fix noattr so it does not delete attributes set in the style itself (issue
+  4713).
+
+* Newer libevents do not allow event_del on a zero'd event (issue 4706).
+
+* Place cursor on correct line if message-line is not 0 (issue 4707).
+
+* Fix compile error on FreeBSD (from Yasuhiro Kimura, issue 4701).
+
 CHANGES FROM 3.5a TO 3.6
 
 * Add seconds options for clock mode (issue 4697).

COPYING

@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-THIS IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY, CODE IS UNDER THE LICENCE AT THE TOP OF ITS FILE.
-
-The README, CHANGES, FAQ and TODO files are licensed under the ISC license. All
-other files have a license and copyright notice at their start, typically:
-
-Copyright (c) <author>
+Copyright (c) Various Authors
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above

Makefile.am

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ CLEANFILES = tmux.1.mdoc tmux.1.man cmd-parse.c
 
 # Distribution tarball options.
 EXTRA_DIST = \
-	CHANGES README README.ja COPYING example_tmux.conf \
+	CHANGES README COPYING example_tmux.conf \
 	osdep-*.c mdoc2man.awk tmux.1
 dist_EXTRA_tmux_SOURCES = compat/*.[ch]
 
@@ -13,28 +13,40 @@ AM_CPPFLAGS += @XOPEN_DEFINES@ \
 	-DTMUX_VERSION='"@VERSION@"' \
 	-DTMUX_CONF='"$(sysconfdir)/tmux.conf:~/.tmux.conf:$$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf:~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf"' \
 	-DTMUX_LOCK_CMD='"@DEFAULT_LOCK_CMD@"' \
-	-DTMUX_TERM='"@DEFAULT_TERM@"'
+	-DTMUX_TERM='"@DEFAULT_TERM@"' \
+	-DTMUX_MOUSE=1
 
 # Additional object files.
 LDADD = $(LIBOBJS)
 
 # Set flags for gcc.
 if IS_GCC
-AM_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -O2
+AM_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99
+if IS_OPTIMIZED
+AM_CFLAGS += -O2
+else
+AM_CFLAGS += -O0
+endif
 if IS_DEBUG
-AM_CFLAGS += -g
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-long-long -Wall -W -Wformat=2
+AM_CFLAGS += -g3 -ggdb
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-long-long -Wall -W -Wformat=2 -Wno-use-after-free
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wwrite-strings -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wundef -Wbad-function-cast -Winline -Wcast-align
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wundef -Wbad-function-cast -Winline -Wno-cast-align
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -Wno-attributes
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-result -Wno-format-y2k
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-result -Wno-format-y2k -Wno-unknown-warning-option
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-maybe-uninitialized
 if IS_DARWIN
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-cast-align -Wno-macro-redefined
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-macro-redefined
 endif
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -DDEBUG
 endif
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -iquote.
+if IS_ASAN
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -DASAN
+AM_CFLAGS += -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+AM_LDFLAGS += -fsanitize=address
+endif
 endif
 
 # Set flags for Solaris.
@@ -89,10 +101,10 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	cmd-detach-client.c \
 	cmd-display-menu.c \
 	cmd-display-message.c \
-	cmd-display-panes.c \
 	cmd-find-window.c \
 	cmd-find.c \
 	cmd-if-shell.c \
+	cmd-invoke.c \
 	cmd-join-pane.c \
 	cmd-kill-pane.c \
 	cmd-kill-server.c \
@@ -100,6 +112,7 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	cmd-kill-window.c \
 	cmd-list-buffers.c \
 	cmd-list-clients.c \
+	cmd-list-commands.c \
 	cmd-list-keys.c \
 	cmd-list-panes.c \
 	cmd-list-sessions.c \
@@ -148,12 +161,16 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	control-notify.c \
 	control.c \
 	environ.c \
+	events-payload.c \
+	events.c \
 	file.c \
-	format.c \
 	format-draw.c \
+	format.c \
+	fuzzy.c \
 	grid-reader.c \
 	grid-view.c \
 	grid.c \
+	hooks.c \
 	hyperlinks.c \
 	input-keys.c \
 	input.c \
@@ -166,13 +183,15 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	log.c \
 	menu.c \
 	mode-tree.c \
+	monitor.c \
 	names.c \
-	notify.c \
 	options-table.c \
 	options.c \
 	paste.c \
 	popup.c \
 	proc.c \
+	prompt-history.c \
+	prompt.c \
 	regsub.c \
 	resize.c \
 	screen-redraw.c \
@@ -183,25 +202,31 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	server-fn.c \
 	server.c \
 	session.c \
+	sort.c \
 	spawn.c \
 	status.c \
 	style.c \
+	tmux-protocol.h \
 	tmux.c \
 	tmux.h \
-	tmux-protocol.h \
 	tty-acs.c \
+	tty-draw.c \
 	tty-features.c \
 	tty-keys.c \
 	tty-term.c \
 	tty.c \
 	utf8-combined.c \
 	utf8.c \
+	window-border.c \
 	window-buffer.c \
 	window-client.c \
 	window-clock.c \
 	window-copy.c \
 	window-customize.c \
+	window-panes.c \
+	window-switch.c \
 	window-tree.c \
+	window-visible.c \
 	window.c \
 	xmalloc.c \
 	xmalloc.h
@@ -227,10 +252,21 @@ if ENABLE_SIXEL
 dist_tmux_SOURCES += image.c image-sixel.c
 endif
 
+# Add bits for fuzzing if enabled.
 if NEED_FUZZING
-check_PROGRAMS = fuzz/input-fuzzer
+check_PROGRAMS = \
+	fuzz/input-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/cmd-parse-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/format-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/style-fuzzer
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_cmd_parse_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_cmd_parse_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
 endif
 
 # Install tmux.1 in the right format.
@@ -245,3 +281,7 @@ install-exec-hook:
 	$(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/tmux.1.@MANFORMAT@ \
 		$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/tmux.1
+
+# And uninstall it.
+uninstall-hook:
+	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/tmux.1

README.ja

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-tmuxへようこそ!
-
-tmuxはターミナルマルチプレクサーです。複数のターミナルを一つのスクリーン内に作成し、操作することができます。
-バックグラウンドで処理を実行中に一度スクリーンから離れて後から復帰することも可能です。
-
-OpenBSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD、Linux、macOS、Solarisで実行できます。
-
-tmuxはlibevent 2.x.に依存します。 下記からダウンロードしてください。
-
-	http://libevent.org
-
-また、ncursesも必要です。こちらからどうぞ。
-
-	http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/
-
-tarballでのtmuxのビルドとインストール方法。
-
-	$ ./configure && make
-	$ sudo make install
-
-tmuxはutmp(5)をアップデートするためにutempterを使うことができます。もしインストール済みであればオプション「--enable-utempter」をつけて実行してください。
-
-リポジトリから最新バージョンを手に入れるためには下記を実行。
-
-	$ git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
-	$ cd tmux
-	$ sh autogen.sh
-	$ ./configure && make
-
-(ビルドのためにはlibevent、ncurses libraries、headersに加えて、C compiler、make、autoconf、automake、pkg-configが必要です。)
-
-詳しい情報はhttp://git-scm.comをご覧ください。修正はメール<tmux-users@googlegroups.com>宛、もしくはhttps://github.com/tmux/tmux/issuesにて受け付けています。
-
-tmuxのドキュメントについてはtmux.1マニュアルをご覧ください。こちらのコマンドで参照可能です。
-
-	$ nroff -mdoc tmux.1|less
-
-サンプル設定は本リポジトリのexample_tmux.confに
-また、bash-completionファイルは下記にあります。
-
-	https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/blob/main/completions/tmux
-
-「-v」や「-vv」を指定することでデバッグモードでの起動が可能です。カレントディレクトリにサーバーやクライアントのログファイルが生成されます。
-
-議論やバグレポート用のメーリングリストにはこちらから参加可能です。
-
-	https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tmux-users
-
-gitコミットについての連絡先
-
-	https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tmux-git
-
-購読は<tmux-users+subscribe@googlegroups.com>までメールをお願いします。
-
-バグレポートや機能追加(特にコードへの貢献)は大歓迎です。こちらにご連絡ください。
-
-	tmux-users@googlegroups.com
-
-本ファイル、CHANGES、 FAQ、SYNCINGそしてTODOはISC licenseで保護されています。
-その他のファイルのライセンスや著作権については、ファイルの上部に明記されています。
-
--- Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please report security issues to nicholas.marriott@gmail.com.

SYNCING

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-Preamble
-========
-
-Tmux portable relies on  repositories "tmux" and "tmux-obsd".
-Here's a description of them:
-
-* "tmux" is the portable version, the one which contains code for other
-  operating systems, and autotools, etc., which isn't found or needed in the
-  OpenBSD base system.
-
-* "tmux-obsd" is the version of tmux in OpenBSD base system which provides
-  the basis of the portable tmux version.
-
-Note:  The "tmux-obsd" repository is actually handled by "git cvsimport"
-running at 15 minute intervals, so a commit made to OpenBSD's tmux CVS
-repository will take at least that long to appear in this git repository.
-(It might take longer, depending on the CVS mirror used to import the
-OpenBSD code).
-
-If you've never used git before, git tracks meta-data about the committer
-and the author, as part of a commit, hence:
-
-% git config [--global] user.name "Your name"
-% git config [--global] user.email "you@yourdomain.com"
-
-Note that, if you already have this in the global ~/.gitconfig option, then
-this will be used.  Setting this per-repository would involve not using the
-"--global" flag above.   If you wish to use the same credentials always,
-pass the "--global" option, as shown.
-
-This is a one-off operation once the repository has been cloned, assuming
-this information has ever been set before.
-
-Cloning repositories
-====================
-
-This involves having both tmux and tmux-obsd cloned, as in:
-
-% cd /some/where/useful
-% git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
-% git clone https://github.com/ThomasAdam/tmux-obsd.git
-
-Note that you do not need additional checkouts to manage the sync -- an
-existing clone of either repositories will suffice.  So if you already have
-these checkouts existing, skip that.
-
-Adding in git-remotes
-=====================
-
-Because the portable "tmux" git repository and the "tmux-obsd"
-repository do not inherently share any history between each other, the
-history has been faked between them.  This "faking of history" is something
-which has to be told to git for the purposes of comparing the "tmux" and
-"tmux-obsd" repositories for syncing.  To do this, we must reference the
-clone of the "tmux-obsd" repository from the "tmux" repository, as
-shown by the following command:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git remote add obsd-tmux file:///path/to/tmux-obsd
-
-So that now, the remote "obsd-tmux" can be used to reference branches and
-commits from the "tmux-obsd" repository, but from the context of the
-portable "tmux" repository, which makes sense because it's the "tmux"
-repository which will have the updates applied to them.
-
-Fetching updates
-================
-
-To ensure the latest commits from "tmux-obsd" can be found from within
-"tmux", we have to ensure the "master" branch from "tmux-obsd" is
-up-to-date first, and then reference that update in "tmux", as in:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux-obsd
-% git checkout master
-% git pull
-
-Then back in "tmux":
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git fetch obsd-tmux
-
-Creating the necessary branches
-===============================
-
-Now that "tmux" can see commits and branches from "tmux-obsd" by way
-of the remote name "obsd-tmux", we can now create the master branch from
-"tmux-obsd" in the "tmux" repository:
-
-% git checkout -b obsd-master obsd-tmux/master
-
-Adding in the fake history points
-=================================
-
-To tie both the "master" branch from "tmux" and the "obsd-master"
-branch from "tmux-obsd" together, the fake history points added to the
-"tmux" repository need to be added.  To do this, we must add an
-additional refspec line, as in:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git config --add remote.origin.fetch '+refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*'
-% git fetch origin
-
-Performing the Sync
-===================
-
-Make sure the "master" branch is checked out:
-
-% git checkout master
-
-The following will show commits on OpenBSD not yet synched with "tmux":
-
-% git log master..obsd-master
-
-From there, merge the result in, fixing up any conflicts which might arise.
-
-% git merge obsd-master
-
-Then ensure things look correct by BUILDING the result of that sync:
-
-% make clean && ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make
-
-Compare the git merge result with what's on origin/master -- that is, check
-which commits you're about to push:
-
-% git log origin/master..master
-
-And if happy:
-
-% git push origin master
-
-Keeping an eye on libutil in OpenBSD
-====================================
-
-A lot of the compat/ code in tmux comes from libutil, especially imsg.
-Sometimes the API can change, etc., which might cause interesting problems
-trying to run the portable version of tmux.  It's worth checking
-periodically for any changes to libutil in OpenBSD and syncing those files
-to compat/ as and when appropriate.
-
-Release tmux for next version
-=============================
-
-1. Update and commit README and CHANGES.  The former should be checked for
-   anything outdated and updated with a list of things that might break
-   upgrades and the latter should mention all the major changes since
-   the last version.
-
-2. Make sure configure.ac has the new version number.
-
-3. Tag with:
-
-   % git tag -a 2.X
-
-   Where "2.X" is the next version.
-
-   Push the tag out with:
-
-   % git push --tags
-
-4. Build the tarball with 'make dist'.
-
-5. Check the tarball.  If it's good, go here to select the tag just pushed:
-
-   https://github.com/tmux/tmux/tags
-
-   Click the "Add release notes", upload the tarball and add a link in the
-   description field to the CHANGES file.
-
-6. Clone the tmux.github.io repository, and change the RELEASE version in the
-   Makefile.  Commit it, and run 'make' to replace %%RELEASE%%.  Push the
-   result out.
-
-7. Change version back to master in configure.ac.

SYNCING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+# Preamble
+
+tmux portable is maintained from two repositories:
+
+* `tmux` is the portable repository. It contains the portability layer,
+  autotools build files, regression tests, documentation, and code needed for
+  platforms outside OpenBSD.
+* `tmux-openbsd-cutover` is the OpenBSD tmux import repository. Its `master`
+  branch is the OpenBSD tmux history after the OpenBSD Git cutover. Portable
+  merges this branch when importing OpenBSD changes.
+
+To create the commits in the tmux-openbsd-cutover repo, the source repo is the
+Github mirror of OpenBSD's src repo:
+
+```text
+https://github.com/openbsd/src.git
+```
+
+The update automation filters the OpenBSD source tree to `usr.bin/tmux/`,
+publishes that filtered history as `openbsd-git` in the cutover repository,
+cherry-picks new filtered commits onto cutover `master`, then merges cutover
+`master` into portable `master`.
+
+If you've never used git before, configure your identity before committing:
+
+```sh
+git config [--global] user.name "Your name"
+git config [--global] user.email "you@yourdomain.com"
+```
+
+# Repository layout
+
+The usual local layout is:
+
+```sh
+cd /some/where/useful
+git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git tmux-portable
+git clone https://github.com/ThomasAdam/tmux-obsd.git tmux-openbsd-cutover
+```
+
+The exact directory names do not matter, but the examples below use:
+
+```text
+/path/to/tmux-portable
+/path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+```
+
+The cutover repository has three important branches:
+
+* `master` is the branch portable consumes. It should contain tmux source
+  only, not automation files.
+* `openbsd-git` is the raw filtered OpenBSD tmux branch generated from
+  OpenBSD src `master`.
+* `automation` is an orphan branch containing the GitHub Actions workflow. It
+  is separate so that workflow files are not merged into portable.
+
+# Adding the OpenBSD remote to portable
+
+In the portable repository, add the cutover repository as a remote:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-portable
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+```
+
+If the remote already exists, update it instead:
+
+```sh
+git remote set-url tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+```
+
+Fetch the cutover master branch explicitly:
+
+```sh
+git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+# Automated syncing
+
+The normal sync is performed by the GitHub Actions workflow in the
+`automation` branch of the cutover repository. That workflow:
+
+1. Fetches or clones OpenBSD src using a blobless clone.
+2. Filters `usr.bin/tmux/` into a local `tmux-openbsd` branch.
+3. Updates `tmux-openbsd-cutover/openbsd-git`.
+4. Cherry-picks new `openbsd-git` commits onto cutover `master`.
+5. Merges cutover `master` into portable `master`.
+6. Pushes the changed repositories.
+
+The workflow deliberately runs from the orphan `automation` branch but checks
+out cutover `master` as the branch to update. This keeps `.github/` out of
+cutover `master`, so portable does not import workflow files when it merges
+OpenBSD changes.
+
+# Manual portable merge
+
+If the workflow fails while merging into portable, do the merge locally and
+push the result.
+
+Start from an up-to-date portable master:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-portable
+git fetch origin
+git checkout master
+git pull --ff-only origin master
+```
+
+Fetch the cutover branch:
+
+```sh
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover 2>/dev/null || true
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+Merge it:
+
+```sh
+git merge --no-ff --log refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+Resolve conflicts by deciding whether portable or OpenBSD owns the file.
+
+Useful commands:
+
+```sh
+git checkout --ours path/to/file
+git add path/to/file
+```
+
+This keeps the portable version of a conflicted file.
+
+```sh
+git checkout --theirs path/to/file
+git add path/to/file
+```
+
+This takes the OpenBSD/cutover version of a conflicted file.
+
+Before committing, inspect the result:
+
+```sh
+git status
+git diff --check
+git diff --cached --stat
+```
+
+Then finish and publish:
+
+```sh
+git commit
+git push origin master
+```
+
+If the merge attempt is wrong, abort it:
+
+```sh
+git merge --abort
+```
+
+After pushing a manually resolved merge, rerun the workflow. It should either
+no-op or continue from the now-merged portable state.
+
+# Manual cutover update
+
+Normally this is handled by the workflow. If it must be done manually, update
+`openbsd-git` in the cutover repository from a filtered OpenBSD src checkout,
+then cherry-pick the new filtered commits onto cutover `master`.
+
+The important range is:
+
+```text
+origin/openbsd-git..openbsd-git
+```
+
+where `origin/openbsd-git` is the previously published filtered OpenBSD tmux
+branch and `openbsd-git` is the newly generated filtered branch.
+
+In the cutover repository:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git checkout master
+git cherry-pick origin/openbsd-git..openbsd-git
+git push origin master openbsd-git
+```
+
+Do not put workflow files on cutover `master`; keep them on the orphan
+`automation` branch.
+
+# Keeping an eye on libutil in OpenBSD
+
+A lot of the `compat/` code in tmux comes from OpenBSD libraries, especially
+imsg. Sometimes APIs change in OpenBSD in ways that require corresponding
+portable changes. It is worth checking periodically for relevant OpenBSD
+libutil changes and syncing those files into `compat/` as appropriate.
+
+# Release tmux for next version
+
+1. Update and commit README and CHANGES. The former should be checked for
+   anything outdated and updated with a list of things that might break
+   upgrades and the latter should mention all the major changes since the last
+   version.
+2. Make sure `configure.ac` has the new version number.
+3. Tag with:
+
+   ```sh
+   % git tag -a 2.X
+   ```
+
+   Where `2.X` is the next version.
+
+   Push the tag out with:
+
+   ```sh
+   % git push --tags
+   ```
+
+4. Build the tarball with `make dist`.
+5. Check the tarball. If it is good, go here to select the tag just pushed:
+
+   ```text
+   https://github.com/tmux/tmux/tags
+   ```
+
+   Click "Add release notes", upload the tarball and add a link in the
+   description field to the CHANGES file.
+6. Clone the tmux.github.io repository, and change the RELEASE version in the
+   Makefile. Commit it, and run `make` to replace `%%RELEASE%%`. Push the
+   result out.
+7. Change version back to master in `configure.ac`.

alerts.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: alerts.c,v 1.35 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ alerts_check_bell(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "bell-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-bell", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-bell", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ alerts_check_activity(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "activity-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-activity", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-activity", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ alerts_check_silence(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "silence-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-silence", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-silence", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;

arguments.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: arguments.c,v 1.67 2026/08/25 06:04:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -51,13 +51,6 @@ struct args {
 	struct args_value	*values;
 };
 
-/* Prepared command state. */
-struct args_command_state {
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
-	char			*cmd;
-	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-};
-
 static struct args_entry	*args_find(struct args *, u_char);
 
 static int	args_cmp(struct args_entry *, struct args_entry *);
@@ -89,8 +82,7 @@ args_copy_value(struct args_value *to, struct args_value *from)
 	case ARGS_NONE:
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		to->cmdlist = from->cmdlist;
-		to->cmdlist->references++;
+		to->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(from->cmd);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_STRING:
 		to->string = xstrdup(from->string);
@@ -123,7 +115,7 @@ args_value_as_string(struct args_value *value)
 		return ("");
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
 		if (value->cached == NULL)
-			value->cached = cmd_list_print(value->cmdlist, 0);
+			value->cached = cmd_parse_print(value->cmd, 0);
 		return (value->cached);
 	case ARGS_STRING:
 		return (value->string);
@@ -149,7 +141,7 @@ args_parse_flag_argument(struct args_value *values, u_int count, char **cause,
     int optional_argument)
 {
 	struct args_value	*argument, *new;
-	const char		*s;
+	const char		*s, *as;
 
 	new = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new);
 	if (*string != '\0') {
@@ -180,12 +172,24 @@ args_parse_flag_argument(struct args_value *values, u_int count, char **cause,
 		xasprintf(cause, "-%c expects an argument", flag);
 		return (-1);
 	}
+
+	if (optional_argument && argument->type == ARGS_STRING) {
+		as = argument->string;
+		if (as[0] == '-' && (as[1] == '-' || isalpha((u_char)as[1]))) {
+			args_free_value(new);
+			free(new);
+			log_debug("%s: -%c (optional)", __func__, flag);
+			args_set(args, flag, NULL, ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE);
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
 	args_copy_value(new, argument);
 	(*i)++;
 
 out:
 	s = args_value_as_string(new);
 	log_debug("%s: -%c = %s", __func__, flag, s);
+
 	args_set(args, flag, new, 0);
 	return (0);
 }
@@ -355,7 +359,7 @@ args_copy_copy_value(struct args_value *to, struct args_value *from, int argc,
 		to->string = expanded;
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		to->cmdlist = cmd_list_copy(from->cmdlist, argc, argv);
+		to->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(from->cmd);
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -406,7 +410,7 @@ args_free_value(struct args_value *value)
 		free(value->string);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		cmd_list_free(value->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(value->cmd);
 		break;
 	}
 	free(value->cached);
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ args_to_vector(struct args *args, int *argc, char ***argv)
 			cmd_append_argv(argc, argv, args->values[i].string);
 			break;
 		case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-			s = cmd_list_print(args->values[i].cmdlist, 0);
+			s = cmd_parse_print(args->values[i].cmd, 0);
 			cmd_append_argv(argc, argv, s);
 			free(s);
 			break;
@@ -520,7 +524,7 @@ args_print_add_value(char **buf, size_t *len, struct args_value *value)
 	case ARGS_NONE:
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		expanded = cmd_list_print(value->cmdlist, 0);
+		expanded = cmd_parse_print(value->cmd, 0);
 		args_print_add(buf, len, "{ %s }", expanded);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_STRING:
@@ -735,144 +739,53 @@ args_string(struct args *args, u_int idx)
 	return (args_value_as_string(&args->values[idx]));
 }
 
-/* Make a command now. */
-struct cmd_list *
-args_make_commands_now(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
-    int expand)
-{
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	char				*error;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-
-	state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, idx, NULL, 0, expand);
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	}
-	else
-		cmdlist->references++;
-	args_make_commands_free(state);
-	return (cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Save bits to make a command later. */
-struct args_command_state *
-args_make_commands_prepare(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
-    const char *default_command, int wait, int expand)
+/*
+ * Convert one command argument into a parse tree. A string value is parsed;
+ * existing commands are referenced.
+ */
+struct cmd_parse_tree *
+args_to_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
+    const char *default_command, int expand, char **cause)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct args_value	*value;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	const char			*cmd;
-	const char			*file;
+	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi = { 0 };
+	const char		*cmd = NULL, *file;
+	char			*expanded;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 
-	state = xcalloc(1, sizeof *state);
+	*cause = NULL;
 
-	if (idx < args->count) {
-		value = &args->values[idx];
-		if (value->type == ARGS_COMMANDS) {
-			state->cmdlist = value->cmdlist;
-			state->cmdlist->references++;
-			return (state);
-		}
-		cmd = value->string;
-	} else {
-		if (default_command == NULL)
-			fatalx("argument out of range");
+	if (idx >= args->count)
 		cmd = default_command;
+	else {
+		value = &args->values[idx];
+		switch (value->type) {
+		case ARGS_COMMANDS:
+			return (cmd_parse_add_ref(value->cmd));
+		case ARGS_STRING:
+			cmd = value->string;
+			break;
+		case ARGS_NONE:
+			break;
 		}
-
+	}
+	if (cmd == NULL)
+		fatalx("argument out of range");
 
 	if (expand)
-		state->cmd = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
+		expanded = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
 	else
-		state->cmd = xstrdup(cmd);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, state->cmd);
+		expanded = xstrdup(cmd);
+	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, expanded);
 
-	if (wait)
-		state->pi.item = item;
-	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &state->pi.line);
+	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &pi.line);
 	if (file != NULL)
-		state->pi.file = xstrdup(file);
-	state->pi.c = tc;
-	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
-		state->pi.c->references++;
-	cmd_find_copy_state(&state->pi.fs, target);
-
-	return (state);
-}
-
-/* Return argument as command. */
-struct cmd_list *
-args_make_commands(struct args_command_state *state, int argc, char **argv,
-    char **error)
-{
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
-	char			*cmd, *new_cmd;
-	int			 i;
-
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL) {
-		if (argc == 0)
-			return (state->cmdlist);
-		return (cmd_list_copy(state->cmdlist, argc, argv));
-	}
-
-	cmd = xstrdup(state->cmd);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, cmd);
-	cmd_log_argv(argc, argv, __func__);
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-		new_cmd = cmd_template_replace(cmd, argv[i], i + 1);
-		log_debug("%s: %%%u %s: %s", __func__, i + 1, argv[i], new_cmd);
-		free(cmd);
-		cmd = new_cmd;
-	}
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, cmd);
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_string(cmd, &state->pi);
-	free(cmd);
-	switch (pr->status) {
-	case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-		*error = pr->error;
-		return (NULL);
-	case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-		return (pr->cmdlist);
-	}
-	fatalx("invalid parse return state");
-}
-
-/* Free commands state. */
-void
-args_make_commands_free(struct args_command_state *state)
-{
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(state->cmdlist);
-	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
-		server_client_unref(state->pi.c);
-	free((void *)state->pi.file);
-	free(state->cmd);
-	free(state);
-}
-
-/* Get prepared command. */
-char *
-args_make_commands_get_command(struct args_command_state *state)
-{
-	struct cmd	*first;
-	int		 n;
-	char		*s;
-
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL) {
-		first = cmd_list_first(state->cmdlist);
-		if (first == NULL)
-			return (xstrdup(""));
-		return (xstrdup(cmd_get_entry(first)->name));
-	}
-	n = strcspn(state->cmd, " ,");
-	xasprintf(&s, "%.*s", n, state->cmd);
-	return (s);
+		pi.file = file;
+	pi.flags = cmd_get_parse_flags(self);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_string(expanded, &pi, cause);
+	free(expanded);
+	return (tree);
 }
 
 /* Get first value in argument. */
@@ -998,7 +911,7 @@ args_string_percentage(const char *value, long long minval, long long maxval,
 		copy = xstrdup(value);
 		copy[valuelen - 1] = '\0';
 
-		ll = strtonum(copy, 0, 100, &errstr);
+		ll = strtonum(copy, 0, 1000, &errstr);
 		free(copy);
 		if (errstr != NULL) {
 			*cause = xstrdup(errstr);
@@ -1066,7 +979,7 @@ args_string_percentage_and_expand(const char *value, long long minval,
 		copy[valuelen - 1] = '\0';
 
 		f = format_single_from_target(item, copy);
-		ll = strtonum(f, 0, 100, &errstr);
+		ll = strtonum(f, 0, 1000, &errstr);
 		free(f);
 		free(copy);
 		if (errstr != NULL) {

attributes.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: attributes.c,v 1.13 2026/07/02 08:51:05 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Joshua Elsasser <josh@elsasser.org>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ attributes_tostring(int attr)
 	if (attr == 0)
 		return ("none");
 
-	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_CHARSET) ? "acs," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_BRIGHT) ? "bright," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_DIM) ? "dim," : "",
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ attributes_tostring(int attr)
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_3) ? "curly-underscore," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_4) ? "dotted-underscore," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_5) ? "dashed-underscore," : "",
-	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_OVERLINE) ? "overline," : "");
+	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_OVERLINE) ? "overline," : "",
+	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_NOATTR) ? "noattr," : "");
 	if (len > 0)
 		buf[len - 1] = '\0';
 

cfg.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cfg.c,v 1.91 2026/08/03 13:38:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ cfg_done(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
 	if (cfg_item != NULL)
 		cmdq_continue(cfg_item);
 
-	status_prompt_load_history();
+	prompt_load_history();
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
@@ -87,20 +87,21 @@ start_cfg(void)
 	if (cfg_quiet)
 		flags = CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_nfiles; i++)
-		load_cfg(cfg_files[i], c, NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
+		load_cfg(cfg_files[i], NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
 
 	cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_callback(cfg_done, NULL));
 }
 
 int
-load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
+load_cfg(const char *path, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct cmd_find_state *current, int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	FILE			*f;
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item0;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
 		*new_item = NULL;
@@ -117,18 +118,16 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	pi.flags = flags;
 	pi.file = path;
 	pi.line = 1;
-	pi.item = item;
-	pi.c = c;
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_file(f, &pi);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_file(f, &pi, &cause);
 	fclose(f);
-	if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
-		cfg_add_cause("%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
+	if (tree == NULL) {
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (-1);
 	}
+	cmd_parse_log(__func__, tree);
 	if (flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) {
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		return (0);
 	}
 
@@ -138,12 +137,12 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
 
-	new_item0 = cmdq_get_command(pr->cmdlist, state);
+	new_item0 = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		new_item0 = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item0);
 	else
 		new_item0 = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item0);
-	cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
@@ -153,13 +152,14 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 
 int
 load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
-    struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_find_state *current,
-    int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
+    struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_find_state *current, int flags,
+    struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item0;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
 		*new_item = NULL;
@@ -170,17 +170,15 @@ load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
 	pi.flags = flags;
 	pi.file = path;
 	pi.line = 1;
-	pi.item = item;
-	pi.c = c;
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_buffer(buf, len, &pi);
-	if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
-		cfg_add_cause("%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_buffer(buf, len, &pi, &cause);
+	if (tree == NULL) {
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (-1);
 	}
+	cmd_parse_log(__func__, tree);
 	if (flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) {
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		return (0);
 	}
 
@@ -190,12 +188,12 @@ load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
 
-	new_item0 = cmdq_get_command(pr->cmdlist, state);
+	new_item0 = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		new_item0 = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item0);
 	else
 		new_item0 = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item0);
-	cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
@@ -223,13 +221,15 @@ cfg_print_causes(struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	u_int		 i;
+	char		*cause;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
+		cause = cfg_causes[i];
 		if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
-			control_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cfg_causes[i]);
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cause);
 		else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s", cfg_causes[i]);
-		free(cfg_causes[i]);
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 	}
 
 	free(cfg_causes);
@@ -244,14 +244,16 @@ cfg_show_causes(struct session *s)
 	struct window_pane		*wp;
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
 	u_int				 i;
+	char				*cause;
 
 	if (cfg_ncauses == 0)
 		return;
 
 	if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
 		for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
-			control_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cfg_causes[i]);
-			free(cfg_causes[i]);
+			cause = cfg_causes[i];
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
 		}
 		goto out;
 	}
@@ -268,7 +270,8 @@ cfg_show_causes(struct session *s)
 
 	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_view_mode)
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
 		window_copy_add(wp, 0, "%s", cfg_causes[i]);
 		free(cfg_causes[i]);

client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: client.c,v 1.168 2026/08/17 20:14:31 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -69,6 +69,25 @@ static void		 client_dispatch_attached(struct imsg *);
 static void		 client_dispatch_wait(struct imsg *);
 static const char	*client_exit_message(void);
 
+/* Does any command have a flag? */
+static int
+client_command_has_flag(int argc, char **argv, int flag)
+{
+	struct args_value	*values;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	int			 found;
+
+	values = args_from_vector(argc, argv);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_arguments(values, argc, NULL);
+	found = cmd_parse_any_have(tree, flag);
+
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
+	args_free_values(values, argc);
+	free(values);
+
+	return (found);
+}
+
 /*
  * Get server create lock. If already held then server start is happening in
  * another client, so block until the lock is released and return -2 to
@@ -232,18 +251,15 @@ int
 client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
     int feat)
 {
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
 	struct msg_command	*data;
 	int			 fd, i;
 	const char		*ttynam, *termname, *cwd;
 	pid_t			 ppid;
 	enum msgtype		 msg;
 	struct termios		 tio, saved_tio;
-	size_t			 size, linesize = 0;
-	ssize_t			 linelen;
-	char			*line = NULL, **caps = NULL, *cause;
+	size_t			 size;
+	char			**caps = NULL, *cause;
 	u_int			 ncaps = 0;
-	struct args_value	*values;
 
 	/* Set up the initial command. */
 	if (shell_command != NULL) {
@@ -254,22 +270,8 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		flags |= CLIENT_STARTSERVER;
 	} else {
 		msg = MSG_COMMAND;
-
-		/*
-		 * It's annoying parsing the command string twice (in client
-		 * and later in server) but it is necessary to get the start
-		 * server flag.
-		 */
-		values = args_from_vector(argc, argv);
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_arguments(values, argc, NULL);
-		if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS) {
-			if (cmd_list_any_have(pr->cmdlist, CMD_STARTSERVER))
+		if (client_command_has_flag(argc, argv, CMD_STARTSERVER))
 			flags |= CLIENT_STARTSERVER;
-			cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
-		} else
-			free(pr->error);
-		args_free_values(values, argc);
-		free(values);
 	}
 
 	/* Create client process structure (starts logging). */
@@ -277,7 +279,7 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 	proc_set_signals(client_proc, client_signal);
 
 	/* Save the flags. */
-	client_flags = flags;
+	client_flags = flags|CLIENT_WRITE_ACK;
 	log_debug("flags are %#llx", (unsigned long long)client_flags);
 
 	/* Initialize the client socket and start the server. */
@@ -407,11 +409,6 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		client_exec(client_execshell, client_execcmd);
 	}
 
-	/* Restore streams to blocking. */
-	setblocking(STDIN_FILENO, 1);
-	setblocking(STDOUT_FILENO, 1);
-	setblocking(STDERR_FILENO, 1);
-
 	/* Print the exit message, if any, and exit. */
 	if (client_attached) {
 		if (client_exitreason != CLIENT_EXIT_NONE)
@@ -426,15 +423,8 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		else
 			printf("%%exit\n");
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_WAITEXIT) {
-			setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
-			for (;;) {
-				linelen = getline(&line, &linesize, stdin);
-				if (linelen <= 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			free(line);
-		}
+		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_WAITEXIT)
+			control_wait_exit(STDIN_FILENO);
 		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROLCONTROL) {
 			printf("\033\\");
 			fflush(stdout);
@@ -442,6 +432,12 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		}
 	} else if (client_exitreason != CLIENT_EXIT_NONE)
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", client_exit_message());
+
+	/* Restore the streams to blocking. */
+	setblocking(STDIN_FILENO, 1);
+	setblocking(STDOUT_FILENO, 1);
+	setblocking(STDERR_FILENO, 1);
+
 	return (client_exitval);
 }
 
@@ -719,6 +715,9 @@ client_dispatch_wait(struct imsg *imsg)
 		fprintf(stderr, "server version is too old for client\n");
 		proc_exit(client_proc);
 		break;
+	default:
+		log_debug("unknown message type %u", imsg->hdr.type);
+		break;
 	}
 }
 
@@ -805,5 +804,8 @@ client_dispatch_attached(struct imsg *imsg)
 		system(data);
 		proc_send(client_peer, MSG_UNLOCK, -1, NULL, 0);
 		break;
+	default:
+		log_debug("unknown message type %u", imsg->hdr.type);
+		break;
 	}
 }

cmd-attach-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-attach-session.c,v 1.91 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	char			*cwd, *cause;
 	enum msgtype		 msgtype;
+	uid_t			 uid;
 
 	if (RB_EMPTY(&sessions)) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "no sessions");
@@ -106,8 +107,16 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 	}
 	if (fflag)
 		server_client_set_flags(c, fflag);
-	if (rflag)
+	if (rflag) {
+		if (c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+			uid = proc_get_peer_uid(c->peer);
+			if (uid != getuid()) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		}
 		c->flags |= (CLIENT_READONLY|CLIENT_IGNORESIZE);
+	}
 
 	c->last_session = c->session;
 	if (c->session != NULL) {
@@ -154,7 +163,7 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 
 		if (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
 			proc_send(c->peer, MSG_READY, -1, NULL, 0);
-		notify_client("client-attached", c);
+		events_fire_client("client-attached", c);
 		c->flags |= CLIENT_ATTACHED;
 	}
 

cmd-bind-key.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-bind-key.c,v 1.47 2025/04/09 07:03:04 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -56,11 +56,12 @@ cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	key_code		 key;
-	const char		 *tablename, *note = args_get(args, 'N');
-	struct cmd_parse_result	 *pr;
+	const char		*tablename, *note = args_get(args, 'N'), *file;
 	int			 repeat;
 	struct args_value	*value;
 	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd;
+	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
 
 	key = key_string_lookup_string(args_string(args, 0));
 	if (key == KEYC_NONE || key == KEYC_UNKNOWN) {
@@ -83,25 +84,18 @@ cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	value = args_value(args, 1);
 	if (count == 2 && value->type == ARGS_COMMANDS) {
-		key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, value->cmdlist);
-		value->cmdlist->references++;
+		cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(value->cmd);
+		key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, cmd);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (count == 2)
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(args_string(args, 1), NULL);
-	else {
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_arguments(args_values(args) + 1, count - 1,
-		    NULL);
-	}
-	switch (pr->status) {
-	case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-		break;
-	}
-	key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, pr->cmdlist);
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof pi);
+	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &pi.line);
+	if (file != NULL)
+		pi.file = file;
+	pi.flags = cmd_get_parse_flags(self);
+
+	cmd = cmd_parse_from_arguments(args_values(args) + 1, count - 1, &pi);
+	key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, cmd);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-break-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-break-pane.c,v 1.76 2026/08/17 07:04:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_break_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "break-pane",
 	.alias = "breakp",
 
-	.args = { "abdPF:n:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-abdP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] "
-		 "[-t dst-window]",
+	.args = { "abdPF:n:s:t:Wx:X:y:Y:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-abdPW] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] "
+		 "[-t dst-window] [-x width] [-y height] [-X x-position] "
+		 "[-Y y-position]",
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_WINDOW_INDEX },
@@ -45,6 +46,46 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_break_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_break_pane_exec
 };
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_break_pane_float(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
+    struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines = window_get_pane_lines(w);
+	struct layout_geometry	*fg = &lc->fg;
+
+	if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is already floating");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "can't float a pane while window is zoomed");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (layout_floating_args_parse(item, args, lines, w, fg, &cause) != 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "failed to float pane: %s", cause);
+		free(cause);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	layout_remove_tile(w, lc);
+	layout_set_size(lc, fg->sx, fg->sy, fg->xoff, fg->yoff);
+
+	lc->flags |= LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+		window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+	layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -57,10 +98,23 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*src_s = source->s;
 	struct session		*dst_s = target->s;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = source->wp;
-	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	char			*name, *cause, *cp;
-	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	const char		*template;
+	struct window		*w = wl->window, *old_w = w;
+	char			*cause, *cp;
+	int			 idx = target->idx, before, old_idx = wl->idx;
+	const char		*template, *name = args_get(args, 'n');
+
+	if (wp == w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'W'))
+		return (cmd_break_pane_float(item, args, w, wp));
+
+	if (name != NULL && !check_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	before = args_has(args, 'b');
 	if (args_has(args, 'a') || before) {
@@ -73,21 +127,22 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	server_unzoom_window(w);
 
-	if (window_count_panes(w) == 1) {
+	if (window_count_panes(w, 1) == 1) {
 		if (server_link_window(src_s, wl, dst_s, idx, 0,
 		    !args_has(args, 'd'), &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		if (args_has(args, 'n')) {
-			window_set_name(w, args_get(args, 'n'));
+		if (name != NULL) {
+			window_set_name(w, name, 0);
 			options_set_number(w->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
 		}
 		server_unlink_window(src_s, wl);
 		wl = winlink_find_by_window(&dst_s->windows, w);
 		if (wl == NULL)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		window_fire_pane_moved(wp, old_w, old_idx, w, wl->idx);
 		goto out;
 	}
 	if (idx != -1 && winlink_find_by_index(&dst_s->windows, idx) != NULL) {
@@ -96,33 +151,40 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 	server_client_remove_pane(wp);
 	window_lost_pane(w, wp);
 	layout_close_pane(wp);
 
 	w = wp->window = window_create(w->sx, w->sy, w->xpixel, w->ypixel);
+	window_add_ref(w, __func__);
 	options_set_parent(wp->options, w->options);
 	wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 	w->active = wp;
 	w->latest = tc;
 
-	if (!args_has(args, 'n')) {
-		name = default_window_name(w);
-		window_set_name(w, name);
-		free(name);
-	} else {
-		window_set_name(w, args_get(args, 'n'));
+	free(w->name);
+	if (name == NULL)
+		w->name = default_window_name(w);
+	else {
+		w->name = clean_name(name, 0);
 		options_set_number(w->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
 	}
+	window_set_fill_cells(w);
+
+	if (idx == -1)
+		idx = -1 - options_get_number(dst_s->options, "base-index");
+	wl = session_attach(dst_s, w, idx, &cause); /* can't fail */
 
 	layout_init(w, wp);
 	wp->flags |= PANE_CHANGED;
 	colour_palette_from_option(&wp->palette, wp->options);
 
-	if (idx == -1)
-		idx = -1 - options_get_number(dst_s->options, "base-index");
-	wl = session_attach(dst_s, w, idx, &cause); /* can't fail */
+	window_remove_ref(w, __func__);
+	events_fire_window("window-created", w);
+	window_fire_pane_moved(wp, old_w, old_idx, w, wl->idx);
 	if (!args_has(args, 'd')) {
 		session_select(dst_s, wl->idx);
 		cmd_find_from_session(current, dst_s, 0);

cmd-capture-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-capture-pane.c,v 1.68 2026/07/20 11:16:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Jonathan Alvarado <radobobo@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -29,18 +29,21 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_capture_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static char	*cmd_capture_pane_append(char *, size_t *, char *, size_t);
+static char	*cmd_capture_pane_append(char *, size_t *, const char *,
+		     size_t);
 static char	*cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *, struct window_pane *,
 		     size_t *);
 static char	*cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *, struct cmdq_item *,
 		     struct window_pane *, size_t *);
+static char	*cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(struct grid *, struct screen *,
+		     u_int, u_int *, u_int *, size_t *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_capture_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "capture-pane",
 	.alias = "capturep",
 
-	.args = { "ab:CeE:JMNpPqS:Tt:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aCeJMNpPqT] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
+	.args = { "ab:CeE:FHJLMNpPqRS:Tt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCeFHJLMNpPqRT] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
 		 "[-S start-line] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -63,7 +66,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_clear_history_entry = {
 };
 
 static char *
-cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, char *line, size_t linelen)
+cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, const char *line,
+    size_t linelen)
 {
 	buf = xrealloc(buf, *len + linelen + 1);
 	memcpy(buf + *len, line, linelen);
@@ -71,6 +75,108 @@ cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, char *line, size_t linelen)
 	return (buf);
 }
 
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_cell(struct screen *s, u_int xx, u_int yy)
+{
+	struct grid		*gd = s->grid;
+	struct hyperlinks	*hl = s->hyperlinks;
+	struct grid_cell	 gc;
+	char			*line, *data, *link, *linkid, *f, *b, *u;
+	char			 c[UTF8_SIZE + 1];
+	const char		*uri, *iid;
+	u_int			 flags;
+
+	grid_get_cell(gd, xx, yy, &gc);
+
+	memcpy(c, gc.data.data, gc.data.size);
+	c[gc.data.size] = '\0';
+	utf8_stravis(&data, c, VIS_OCTAL|VIS_CSTYLE|VIS_TAB|VIS_NL);
+
+	if (gc.link != 0 && hyperlinks_get(hl, gc.link, &uri, &iid, NULL)) {
+		xasprintf(&link, "%s", uri);
+		if (iid != NULL && *iid != '\0')
+			xasprintf(&linkid, "%s", iid);
+		else
+			xasprintf(&linkid, "NONE");
+	} else {
+		xasprintf(&link, "NONE");
+		xasprintf(&linkid, "NONE");
+	}
+
+	flags = gc.flags;
+	if (gc.fg & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		flags |= GRID_FLAG_FG256;
+	if (gc.bg & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		flags |= GRID_FLAG_BG256;
+
+	xasprintf(&f, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.fg), gc.fg);
+	xasprintf(&b, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.bg), gc.bg);
+	xasprintf(&u, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.us), gc.us);
+
+	xasprintf(&line, "\t\tC %u,%u data=(%u,%u,%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+	    "attr=%s[%x] fg=%s bg=%s us=%s link=%s linkid=%s\n",
+	    yy, xx, gc.data.width, gc.data.size, data,
+	    grid_cell_flags_string(flags), flags,
+	    grid_cell_attr_string(gc.attr), gc.attr, f, b, u, link, linkid);
+
+	free(f);
+	free(b);
+	free(u);
+	free(link);
+	free(linkid);
+	free(data);
+	return (line);
+}
+
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_grid(struct window_pane *wp, size_t *len)
+{
+	struct screen		*s = &wp->base;
+	struct grid		*gd = s->grid;
+	struct grid_line	*gl;
+	struct osc133_data	*od;
+	char			*buf = xstrdup(""), *line;
+	char			 p[11];
+	u_int			 yy, xx, total = gd->hsize + gd->sy;
+
+	xasprintf(&line, "G %ux%u (%u/%u)\n", gd->sx, gd->sy, gd->hsize,
+	    gd->hlimit);
+	buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, strlen(line));
+	free(line);
+
+	for (yy = 0; yy < total; yy++) {
+		gl = grid_get_line(gd, yy);
+		if (yy < gd->hsize)
+			snprintf(p, sizeof p, "-");
+		else
+			snprintf(p, sizeof p, "%u", yy - gd->hsize);
+		od = &gl->osc133_data;
+		if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_OSC133_FLAGS) {
+			xasprintf(&line, "\tL %u (%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+			    "%u/%u osc133=%u,%u,%u,%u,%u\n", yy, p,
+			    grid_line_flags_string(gl->flags), gl->flags,
+			    gl->cellused, gl->cellsize, od->prompt_col,
+			    od->cmd_col, od->out_start_col,
+			    od->out_end_col, od->exit_status);
+		} else {
+			xasprintf(&line, "\tL %u (%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+			    "%u/%u\n", yy, p,
+			    grid_line_flags_string(gl->flags), gl->flags,
+			    gl->cellused, gl->cellsize);
+		}
+		buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, strlen(line));
+		free(line);
+
+		for (xx = 0; xx < gd->sx; xx++) {
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_cell(s, xx, yy);
+			buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line,
+			    strlen(line));
+			free(line);
+		}
+	}
+	return (buf);
+}
+
 static char *
 cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *args, struct window_pane *wp,
     size_t *len)
@@ -103,6 +209,46 @@ cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *args, struct window_pane *wp,
 	return (buf);
 }
 
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(struct grid *gd, struct screen *s, u_int py,
+    u_int *links, u_int *nlinks, size_t *len)
+{
+	const struct grid_line	*gl = grid_peek_line(gd, py);
+	struct grid_cell	 gc;
+	const char		*uri;
+	char			*line = xstrdup("");
+	u_int			 i, j;
+
+	*len = 0;
+
+	if (s->hyperlinks == NULL || (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_HYPERLINK))
+		return (line);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < gl->cellused; i++) {
+		grid_get_cell(gd, i, py, &gc);
+		if (gc.link == 0)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < *nlinks; j++) {
+			if (links[j] == gc.link)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (j != *nlinks)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!hyperlinks_get(s->hyperlinks, gc.link, &uri, NULL, NULL))
+			continue;
+
+		if (*nlinks == gd->sx)
+			break;
+		links[(*nlinks)++] = gc.link;
+
+		if (*len != 0)
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_append(line, len, " ", 1);
+		line = cmd_capture_pane_append(line, len, uri, strlen(uri));
+	}
+	return (line);
+}
+
 static char *
 cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct window_pane *wp, size_t *len)
@@ -112,9 +258,11 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	struct screen			*s;
 	struct grid_cell		*gc = NULL;
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
-	int				 n, join_lines, flags = 0;
+	int				 n, join_lines, number_lines, flags = 0;
+	int				 show_flags, hyperlinks;
+	u_int				*links = NULL, nlinks = 0;
 	u_int				 i, sx, top, bottom, tmp;
-	char				*cause, *buf, *line;
+	char				*cause, *buf = NULL, *line, b[64], *cp;
 	const char			*Sflag, *Eflag;
 	size_t				 linelen;
 
@@ -152,7 +300,7 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			top = gd->hsize;
 			free(cause);
-		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int) -n > gd->hsize)
+		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int)-n > gd->hsize)
 			top = 0;
 		else
 			top = gd->hsize + n;
@@ -169,7 +317,7 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			bottom = gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1;
 			free(cause);
-		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int) -n > gd->hsize)
+		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int)-n > gd->hsize)
 			bottom = 0;
 		else
 			bottom = gd->hsize + n;
@@ -192,12 +340,57 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		flags |= GRID_STRING_EMPTY_CELLS;
 	if (!join_lines && !args_has(args, 'N'))
 		flags |= GRID_STRING_TRIM_SPACES;
+	number_lines = args_has(args, 'L');
+	show_flags = args_has(args, 'F');
+	hyperlinks = args_has(args, 'H');
+	if (hyperlinks)
+		links = xreallocarray(NULL, gd->sx, sizeof *links);
 
-	buf = NULL;
 	for (i = top; i <= bottom; i++) {
+		if (hyperlinks) {
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(gd, s, i, links,
+			    &nlinks, &linelen);
+		} else {
 			line = grid_string_cells(gd, 0, i, sx, &gc, flags, s);
 			linelen = strlen(line);
+		}
+		if (hyperlinks && linelen == 0) {
+			free(line);
+			continue;
+		}
 
+		if (number_lines) {
+			if (i >= gd->hsize)
+				n = i - gd->hsize;
+			else
+				n = (int)i - (int)gd->hsize;
+			n = snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%d ", n);
+			if (n >= 0)
+				buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, n);
+		}
+		if (show_flags) {
+			cp = b;
+			*cp = '\0';
+
+			gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_DEAD)
+				*cp++ = 'D';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_HYPERLINK)
+				*cp++ = 'H';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_START_OUTPUT)
+				*cp++ = 'O';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_START_PROMPT)
+				*cp++ = 'P';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
+				*cp++ = 'W';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_EXTENDED)
+				*cp++ = 'X';
+			if (b == cp)
+				*cp++ = '-';
+			*cp++ = ' ';
+			*cp = '\0';
+			buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, strlen (b));
+		}
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, linelen);
 
 		gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
@@ -206,6 +399,9 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 
 		free(line);
 	}
+	free(links);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		buf = xstrdup("");
 	return (buf);
 }
 
@@ -224,11 +420,14 @@ cmd_capture_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		grid_clear_history(wp->base.grid);
 		if (args_has(args, 'H'))
 			screen_reset_hyperlinks(wp->screen);
+		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	len = 0;
-	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
+	if (args_has(args, 'R'))
+		buf = cmd_capture_pane_grid(wp, &len);
+	else if (args_has(args, 'P') && !args_has(args, 'H'))
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_pending(args, wp, &len);
 	else
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_history(args, item, wp, &len);

cmd-choose-tree.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-choose-tree.c,v 1.58 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Thomas Adam <thomas@xteddy.org>
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_tree_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-tree",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:GK:NO:rst:wyZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-GNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:GhK:kNO:rst:wyZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-GhkNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_client_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-client",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:K:NO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:hiK:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-hikNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_buffer_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-buffer",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:K:NO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:K:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_customize_mode_entry = {
 	.name = "customize-mode",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:Nt:yZ", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "F:f:kNt:yZ", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-kNZ] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -84,6 +84,34 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_customize_mode_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
 };
 
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_mode_entry = {
+	.name = "switch-mode",
+	.alias = NULL,
+
+	.args = { "F:kst:wZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kswZ] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [command]",
+
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = 0,
+	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
+};
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_panes_entry = {
+	.name = "display-panes",
+	.alias = "displayp",
+
+	.args = { "d:kNs:t:Z", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kNZ] [-d duration] [-s source-window] "
+		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
+
+	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
+};
+
 static enum args_parse_type
 cmd_choose_tree_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, __unused u_int idx,
     __unused char **cause)
@@ -98,6 +126,13 @@ cmd_choose_tree_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	const struct window_mode	*mode;
+	enum sort_order			 order;
+
+	order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_choose_buffer_entry) {
 		if (paste_is_empty())
@@ -109,9 +144,13 @@ cmd_choose_tree_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		mode = &window_client_mode;
 	} else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_customize_mode_entry)
 		mode = &window_customize_mode;
+	else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_switch_mode_entry)
+		mode = &window_switch_mode;
+	else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_display_panes_entry)
+		mode = &window_panes_mode;
 	else
 		mode = &window_tree_mode;
 
-	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, mode, target, args);
+	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, mode, item, target, args);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-command-prompt.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-command-prompt.c,v 1.76 2026/08/25 06:04:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,16 +34,16 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_command_prompt_args_parse(struct args *,
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static int	cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *, void *,
-		    const char *, int);
+static enum prompt_result cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *, void *,
+		    const char *, enum prompt_key_result);
 static void	cmd_command_prompt_free(void *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_command_prompt_entry = {
 	.name = "command-prompt",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "1bFkliI:Np:t:T:", 0, 1, cmd_command_prompt_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-1bFkliN] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
+	.args = { "1CbeFiklI:NPp:t:T:", 0, 1, cmd_command_prompt_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-1CbeFiklNP] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
 		 " [-T prompt-type] [template]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
@@ -57,11 +57,13 @@ struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt {
 
 struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata {
 	struct cmdq_item		 *item;
-	struct args_command_state	 *state;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		 *tree;
 
 	int				  flags;
 	enum prompt_type		  prompt_type;
 
+	struct window_pane		 *wp;
+
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt *prompts;
 	u_int				  count;
 	u_int				  current;
@@ -83,14 +85,19 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	const char			*type, *s, *input;
+	const char			*type, *s, *input, *cmd;
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata *cdata;
 	char				*tmp, *prompts, *prompt, *next_prompt;
-	char				*inputs = NULL, *next_input;
+	char				*inputs = NULL, *next_input, *cause = NULL;
+	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), space = 1;
+	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), space = 1, n;
+	int				 pane = args_has(args, 'P');
 
-	if (tc->prompt_string != NULL)
+	if (pane) {
+		if (wp == NULL || window_pane_has_prompt(wp))
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	} else if (tc->prompt != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	if (args_has(args, 'i'))
 		wait = 0;
@@ -98,14 +105,24 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	if (wait)
 		cdata->item = item;
-	cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, "%1", wait,
-	    args_has(args, 'F'));
+	if (pane)
+		cdata->wp = wp;
+	if (count != 0) {
+		cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL,
+		    args_has(args, 'F'), &cause);
+		if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			free(cdata);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if ((s = args_get(args, 'p')) == NULL) {
 		if (count != 0) {
-			tmp = args_make_commands_get_command(cdata->state);
-			xasprintf(&prompts, "(%s)", tmp);
-			free(tmp);
+			cmd = args_string(args, 0);
+			n = strcspn(cmd, " ,");
+			xasprintf(&prompts, "(%.*s)", n, cmd);
 		} else {
 			prompts = xstrdup(":");
 			space = 0;
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	if ((type = args_get(args, 'T')) != NULL) {
-		cdata->prompt_type = status_prompt_type(type);
+		cdata->prompt_type = prompt_type(type);
 		if (cdata->prompt_type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "unknown type: %s", type);
 			cmd_command_prompt_free(cdata);
@@ -163,72 +180,118 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_INCREMENTAL;
 	else if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_KEY;
+	else if (args_has(args, 'e'))
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_BSPACE_EXIT;
+	if (args_has(args, 'C'))
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_NOFREEZE;
+	if (pane) {
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_ISPANE;
+		window_pane_set_prompt(wp, tc, target, cdata->prompts[0].prompt,
+		    cdata->prompts[0].input, cmd_command_prompt_callback,
+		    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags,
+		    cdata->prompt_type);
+	} else {
 		status_prompt_set(tc, target, cdata->prompts[0].prompt,
 		    cdata->prompts[0].input, cmd_command_prompt_callback,
-	    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags, cdata->prompt_type);
+		    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags,
+		    cdata->prompt_type);
+	}
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 }
 
-static int
+static enum prompt_result
 cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
-    int done)
+    enum prompt_key_result key)
 {
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata		 *cdata = data;
 	char					 *error;
 	struct cmdq_item			 *item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list				 *cmdlist;
+	struct cmdq_state			 *cs = NULL;
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt	 *prompt;
+	struct cmd_invoke_input			  ci = { 0 };
+	struct cmd_parse_tree			 *tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_input			  pi = { 0 };
 	int					  argc = 0;
 	char					**argv = NULL;
 
-	if (s == NULL)
+	if (s == NULL || key == PROMPT_KEY_MOVE)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (done) {
+	if (key == PROMPT_KEY_CLOSE) {
 		if (cdata->flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL)
 			goto out;
 		cmd_append_argv(&cdata->argc, &cdata->argv, s);
 		if (++cdata->current != cdata->count) {
 			prompt = &cdata->prompts[cdata->current];
-			status_prompt_update(c, prompt->prompt, prompt->input);
-			return (1);
+			if (cdata->wp != NULL) {
+				window_pane_update_prompt(cdata->wp,
+				    prompt->prompt, prompt->input);
+			} else
+				status_prompt_update(c, prompt->prompt,
+				    prompt->input);
+			return (PROMPT_CONTINUE);
 		}
 	}
 
 	argc = cdata->argc;
 	argv = cmd_copy_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
-	if (!done)
+	if (key != PROMPT_KEY_CLOSE)
 		cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, s);
-
-	if (done) {
+	else {
 		cmd_free_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
 		cdata->argc = argc;
 		cdata->argv = cmd_copy_argv(argc, argv);
 	}
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, argc, argv, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
+	if (item != NULL)
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+
+	if (cdata->tree != NULL) {
+		/* Explicit body: prompt inputs become the template argv. */
+		ci.argc = argc;
+		ci.argv = argv;
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, &ci);
+		if (item == NULL)
 			cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+		else
 			cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+	} else if (argc > 0 && argv[0] != NULL) {
+		/* No body: parse the submitted text as command language. */
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(argv[0], &pi, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
+			if (item == NULL)
+				cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
+			else
+				cmdq_error(item, "%s", error);
+			free(error);
+		} else {
+			new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cs, NULL);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
+			if (item == NULL)
+				cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+			else
+				cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+		}
 	}
 	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 
-	if (c->prompt_inputcb != cmd_command_prompt_callback)
-		return (1);
+	/*
+	 * An incremental prompt fires its callback on every edit but must stay
+	 * open for further typing; only an explicit close (handled above) ends
+	 * it.
+	 */
+	if (cdata->flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL)
+		return (PROMPT_CONTINUE);
 
 out:
-	if (item != NULL)
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		cdata->item = NULL;
 		cmdq_continue(item);
-	return (0);
+	}
+	return (PROMPT_CLOSE);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -237,12 +300,17 @@ cmd_command_prompt_free(void *data)
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata *cdata = data;
 	u_int				 i;
 
+	if (cdata->item != NULL) {
+		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
+		cdata->item = NULL;
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0; i < cdata->count; i++) {
 		free(cdata->prompts[i].prompt);
 		free(cdata->prompts[i].input);
 	}
 	free(cdata->prompts);
 	cmd_free_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-confirm-before.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-confirm-before.c,v 1.61 2026/06/24 10:55:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_confirm_before_args_parse(struct args *,
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static int	cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *, void *,
-		    const char *, int);
+static enum prompt_result cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *, void *,
+		    const char *, enum prompt_key_result);
 static void	cmd_confirm_before_free(void *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_confirm_before_entry = {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_confirm_before_entry = {
 
 struct cmd_confirm_before_data {
 	struct cmdq_item	*item;
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	u_char			 confirm_key;
 	int			 default_yes;
 };
@@ -70,13 +70,15 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	char				*new_prompt;
+	char				*new_prompt, *cause = NULL;
 	const char			*confirm_key, *prompt, *cmd;
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
+	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), n;
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-	cdata->cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 0, 1);
-	if (cdata->cmdlist == NULL) {
+	cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL, 1, &cause);
+	if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		free(cdata);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			cdata->confirm_key = confirm_key[0];
 		else {
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid confirm key");
-			free(cdata);
+			cmd_confirm_before_free(cdata);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 	}
@@ -102,8 +104,9 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if ((prompt = args_get(args, 'p')) != NULL)
 		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "%s ", prompt);
 	else {
-		cmd = cmd_get_entry(cmd_list_first(cdata->cmdlist))->name;
-		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%s'? (%c/n) ", cmd,
+		cmd = args_string(args, 0);
+		n = strcspn(cmd, " ,");
+		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%.*s'? (%c/n) ", n, cmd,
 		    cdata->confirm_key);
 	}
 
@@ -117,12 +120,13 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 }
 
-static int
+static enum prompt_result
 cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
-    __unused int done)
+    __unused enum prompt_key_result key)
 {
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata = data;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
+	struct cmdq_state		*cs;
 	int				 retcode = 1;
 
 	if (c->flags & CLIENT_DEAD)
@@ -135,11 +139,11 @@ cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	retcode = 0;
 
 	if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cdata->cmdlist, NULL);
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, NULL, NULL);
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
 	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cdata->cmdlist,
-		    cmdq_get_state(item));
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, NULL);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
 	}
 
@@ -150,7 +154,7 @@ out:
 			cmdq_get_client(item)->retval = retcode;
 		cmdq_continue(item);
 	}
-	return (0);
+	return (PROMPT_CLOSE);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -158,6 +162,6 @@ cmd_confirm_before_free(void *data)
 {
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata = data;
 
-	cmd_list_free(cdata->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-copy-mode.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-copy-mode.c,v 1.54 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_copy_mode_entry = {
 	.name = "copy-mode",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "deHMqSs:t:u", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-deHMqSu] [-s src-pane] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "dekHMqSs:t:u", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-dekHMqSu] [-s src-pane] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.source =  { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_READONLY,
 	.exec = cmd_copy_mode_exec
 };
 
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *swp;
+	u_int			 tty_ox, tty_oy, tty_sx, tty_sy;
+	int			 line_numbers;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'q')) {
 		window_pane_reset_mode_all(wp);
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_clock_mode_entry) {
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_clock_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_clock_mode, item, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -85,17 +88,24 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		swp = source->wp;
 	else
 		swp = wp;
-	if (!window_pane_set_mode(wp, swp, &window_copy_mode, NULL, args)) {
+	line_numbers = 1;
+	if (event != NULL && KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key))
+		line_numbers = 0;
+	if (!window_pane_set_mode(wp, swp, &window_copy_mode, item, NULL,
+	    args)) {
+		window_copy_set_line_numbers(wp, line_numbers);
 		if (args_has(args, 'M'))
 			window_copy_start_drag(c, &event->m);
-	}
+	} else
+		window_copy_set_line_numbers(wp, line_numbers);
 	if (args_has(args, 'u'))
 		window_copy_pageup(wp, 0);
 	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
 		window_copy_pagedown(wp, 0, args_has(args, 'e'));
 	if (args_has(args, 'S')) {
+		tty_window_offset(&c->tty, &tty_ox, &tty_oy, &tty_sx, &tty_sy);
 		window_copy_scroll(wp, c->tty.mouse_slider_mpos, event->m.y,
-		    args_has(args, 'e'));
+		    tty_oy, args_has(args, 'e'));
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 

cmd-detach-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-detach-client.c,v 1.39 2026/05/22 15:22:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ cmd_detach_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*source = cmdq_get_source(item);
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item), *loop;
 	struct session		*s;
 	enum msgtype		 msgtype;
@@ -69,6 +70,13 @@ cmd_detach_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
+	if (c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+		if (args_has(args, 's') || args_has(args, 'a') || c != tc) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
 		msgtype = MSG_DETACHKILL;
 	else

cmd-display-menu.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-menu.c,v 1.53 2026/08/31 07:46:55 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_args_parse(struct args *args, u_int idx, __unused char **cause)
 }
 
 static int
-cmd_display_menu_get_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
+cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
 {
 	struct tty		*tty = &tc->tty;
@@ -126,6 +126,10 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_y", "%u", event->m.y);
 	}
 
+	/* Position of the previous menu, for -x/-y L. */
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_x", "%u", target->w->menu_last_px);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_y", "%u", target->w->menu_last_py + h);
+
 	/*
 	 * If there are any status lines, add this window position and the
 	 * status line position.
@@ -238,6 +242,8 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		xp = "#{popup_pane_left}";
 	else if (strcmp(xp, "M") == 0)
 		xp = "#{popup_mouse_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "L") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_last_x}";
 	else if (strcmp(xp, "W") == 0)
 		xp = "#{popup_window_status_line_x}";
 	p = format_expand(ft, xp);
@@ -258,6 +264,8 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		yp = "#{popup_pane_bottom}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "M") == 0)
 		yp = "#{popup_mouse_top}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "L") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_last_y}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "S") == 0)
 		yp = "#{popup_status_line_y}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "W") == 0)
@@ -280,6 +288,184 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	return (1);
 }
 
+static int
+cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct session		*s = tc->session;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window		*window = target->w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct style_ranges	*ranges = NULL;
+	struct style_range	*sr = NULL;
+	const char		*xp, *yp;
+	char			*p;
+	u_int			 line, ox, oy, sx, sy, lines, position;
+	long			 n, max_x, max_y, mouse_x = 0, mouse_y = 0;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+
+	max_x = window->sx > w ? window->sx - w : 0;
+	max_y = window->sy > h ? window->sy - h : 0;
+
+	tty_window_offset(&tc->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy);
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		mouse_x = event->m.x + ox;
+		if (event->m.statusat == 0) {
+			if (event->m.y >= event->m.statuslines)
+				mouse_y = event->m.y - event->m.statuslines + oy;
+			else
+				mouse_y = oy;
+		} else if (event->m.statusat > 0 &&
+		    event->m.y >= (u_int)event->m.statusat) {
+			mouse_y = oy + sy - 1;
+		} else
+			mouse_y = event->m.y + oy;
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_x", "%ld", mouse_x);
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_y", "%ld", mouse_y);
+	}
+
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_x", "%u", window->menu_last_px);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_y", "%u", window->menu_last_py + h);
+
+	lines = status_line_size(tc);
+	position = options_get_number(s->options, "status-position");
+	if (status_at_line(tc) != -1 && lines != 0) {
+		for (line = 0; line < lines; line++) {
+			ranges = &tc->status.entries[line].ranges;
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(sr, ranges, entry) {
+				if (sr->type != STYLE_RANGE_WINDOW)
+					continue;
+				if (sr->argument == (u_int)wl->idx)
+					break;
+			}
+			if (sr != NULL)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (sr != NULL) {
+			format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_x", "%u",
+			    sr->start + ox);
+			if (position == 0) {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", h);
+			} else {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", window->sy);
+			}
+		}
+		if (position == 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u", h);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u", window->sy);
+	}
+
+	format_add(ft, "popup_width", "%u", w);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_height", "%u", h);
+
+	n = ((long)window->sx - 1) / 2 - w / 2;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+	n = ((long)window->sy - 1) / 2 + h / 2;
+	if (n >= window->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%ld", max_y);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		n = mouse_x - w / 2;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y - h / 2;
+		if (n + h >= window->sy)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%ld", max_y);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y + h;
+		if (n >= window->sy)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%u", window->sy - 1);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y - h;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%ld", n);
+	}
+
+	n = wp->yoff + h;
+	if (n >= window->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%ld", max_y);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%ld", n);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_bottom", "%u", wp->yoff + wp->sy);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_left", "%u", wp->xoff);
+	n = (long)wp->xoff + wp->sx - w;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%ld", n);
+
+	xp = args_get(args, 'x');
+	if (xp == NULL || strcmp(xp, "C") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "R") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_right}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "P") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_left}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "M") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_mouse_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "L") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_last_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "W") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_window_status_line_x}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, xp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	if (n > max_x)
+		n = max_x;
+	*px = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -x: %s = %s = %u (-w %u)", __func__, xp, p, *px, w);
+	free(p);
+
+	yp = args_get(args, 'y');
+	if (yp == NULL || strcmp(yp, "C") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_centre_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "P") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_pane_bottom}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "M") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_mouse_top}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "L") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_last_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "S") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_status_line_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "W") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_window_status_line_y}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, yp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n < h)
+		n = 0;
+	else
+		n -= h;
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	if (n > max_y)
+		n = max_y;
+	*py = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -y: %s = %s = %u (-h %u)", __func__, yp, p, *py, h);
+	free(p);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (1);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -294,16 +480,12 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const char		*border_style = args_get(args, 'S');
 	const char		*selected_style = args_get(args, 'H');
 	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
-	char			*title, *cause;
+	char			*title, *cause = NULL;
 	int			 flags = 0, starting_choice = 0;
 	u_int			 px, py, i, count = args_count(args);
 	struct options		*o = target->s->curw->window->options;
 	struct options_entry	*oe;
 
-
-	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		if (strcmp(args_get(args, 'C'), "-") == 0)
 			starting_choice = -1;
@@ -312,8 +494,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			    &cause);
 			if (cause != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "starting choice %s", cause);
-				free(cause);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+				goto fail;
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -334,8 +515,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 		if (count - i < 2) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "not enough arguments");
-			menu_free(menu);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		key = args_string(args, i++);
 
@@ -347,17 +527,13 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (menu == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "invalid menu arguments");
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	}
-	if (menu->count == 0) {
-		menu_free(menu);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
-	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py, menu->width + 4,
-	    menu->count + 2)) {
-		menu_free(menu);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		goto fail;
 	}
+	if (menu->count == 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+	    menu->width + 4, menu->count + 2))
+		goto out;
 
 	value = args_get(args, 'b');
 	if (value != NULL) {
@@ -366,8 +542,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		    &cause);
 		if (lines == -1) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "menu-border-lines %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -377,8 +552,17 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		flags |= MENU_NOMOUSE;
 	if (menu_display(menu, flags, starting_choice, item, px, py, tc, lines,
 	    style, selected_style, border_style, target, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+		goto out;
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+out:
+	menu_free(menu);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	menu_free(menu);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -393,7 +577,7 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const char		*style = args_get(args, 's');
 	const char		*border_style = args_get(args, 'S');
 	char			*cwd = NULL, *cause = NULL, **argv = NULL;
-	char			*title;
+	char			*title = NULL;
 	int			 modify = popup_present(tc);
 	int			 flags = -1, argc = 0;
 	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
@@ -407,6 +591,8 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		server_client_clear_overlay(tc);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
+	if (tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	if (!modify && tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
@@ -417,8 +603,7 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			    &cause);
 			if (cause != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
-				free(cause);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+				goto fail;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -428,8 +613,7 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			    &cause);
 			if (cause != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
-				free(cause);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+				goto fail;
 			}
 		}
 
@@ -437,8 +621,9 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			w = tty->sx;
 		if (h > tty->sy)
 			h = tty->sy;
-		if (!cmd_display_menu_get_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py, w, h))
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		if (!cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+		    w, h))
+			goto out;
 
 		value = args_get(args, 'd');
 		if (value != NULL)
@@ -478,8 +663,7 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		    &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "popup-border-lines %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -507,22 +691,29 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (modify) {
 		popup_modify(tc, title, style, border_style, lines, flags);
-		free(title);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		goto out;
 	}
 	if (popup_display(flags, lines, item, px, py, w, h, env, shellcmd, argc,
-	    argv, cwd, title, tc, s, style, border_style, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
-		cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
-		if (env != NULL)
-			environ_free(env);
-		free(cwd);
-		free(title);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
-	if (env != NULL)
+	    argv, cwd, title, tc, s, style, border_style, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+		goto out;
 	environ_free(env);
 	free(cwd);
 	free(title);
 	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+out:
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
+	free(title);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
+	free(title);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-display-message.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-message.c,v 1.65 2026/02/23 08:46:57 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -131,6 +131,7 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
 		format_each(ft, cmd_display_message_each, item);
+		format_free(ft);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -155,6 +156,5 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	free(msg);
 
 	format_free(ft);
-
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-display-panes.c

@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
-
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
- * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "tmux.h"
-
-/*
- * Display panes on a client.
- */
-
-static enum args_parse_type	cmd_display_panes_args_parse(struct args *,
-				    u_int, char **);
-static enum cmd_retval		cmd_display_panes_exec(struct cmd *,
-				    struct cmdq_item *);
-
-const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_panes_entry = {
-	.name = "display-panes",
-	.alias = "displayp",
-
-	.args = { "bd:Nt:", 0, 1, cmd_display_panes_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-bN] [-d duration] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " [template]",
-
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
-	.exec = cmd_display_panes_exec
-};
-
-struct cmd_display_panes_data {
-	struct cmdq_item		*item;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-};
-
-static enum args_parse_type
-cmd_display_panes_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, __unused u_int idx,
-    __unused char **cause)
-{
-	return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_draw_pane(struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx,
-    struct window_pane *wp)
-{
-	struct client		*c = ctx->c;
-	struct tty		*tty = &c->tty;
-	struct session		*s = c->session;
-	struct options		*oo = s->options;
-	struct window		*w = wp->window;
-	struct grid_cell	 fgc, bgc;
-	u_int			 pane, idx, px, py, i, j, xoff, yoff, sx, sy;
-	int			 colour, active_colour;
-	char			 buf[16], lbuf[16], rbuf[16], *ptr;
-	size_t			 len, llen, rlen;
-
-	if (wp->xoff + wp->sx <= ctx->ox ||
-	    wp->xoff >= ctx->ox + ctx->sx ||
-	    wp->yoff + wp->sy <= ctx->oy ||
-	    wp->yoff >= ctx->oy + ctx->sy)
-		return;
-
-	if (wp->xoff >= ctx->ox && wp->xoff + wp->sx <= ctx->ox + ctx->sx) {
-		/* All visible. */
-		xoff = wp->xoff - ctx->ox;
-		sx = wp->sx;
-	} else if (wp->xoff < ctx->ox &&
-	    wp->xoff + wp->sx > ctx->ox + ctx->sx) {
-		/* Both left and right not visible. */
-		xoff = 0;
-		sx = ctx->sx;
-	} else if (wp->xoff < ctx->ox) {
-		/* Left not visible. */
-		xoff = 0;
-		sx = wp->sx - (ctx->ox - wp->xoff);
-	} else {
-		/* Right not visible. */
-		xoff = wp->xoff - ctx->ox;
-		sx = wp->sx - xoff;
-	}
-	if (wp->yoff >= ctx->oy && wp->yoff + wp->sy <= ctx->oy + ctx->sy) {
-		/* All visible. */
-		yoff = wp->yoff - ctx->oy;
-		sy = wp->sy;
-	} else if (wp->yoff < ctx->oy &&
-	    wp->yoff + wp->sy > ctx->oy + ctx->sy) {
-		/* Both top and bottom not visible. */
-		yoff = 0;
-		sy = ctx->sy;
-	} else if (wp->yoff < ctx->oy) {
-		/* Top not visible. */
-		yoff = 0;
-		sy = wp->sy - (ctx->oy - wp->yoff);
-	} else {
-		/* Bottom not visible. */
-		yoff = wp->yoff - ctx->oy;
-		sy = wp->sy - yoff;
-	}
-
-	if (ctx->statustop)
-		yoff += ctx->statuslines;
-	px = sx / 2;
-	py = sy / 2;
-
-	if (window_pane_index(wp, &pane) != 0)
-		fatalx("index not found");
-	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%u", pane);
-
-	if (sx < len)
-		return;
-	colour = options_get_number(oo, "display-panes-colour");
-	active_colour = options_get_number(oo, "display-panes-active-colour");
-
-	memcpy(&fgc, &grid_default_cell, sizeof fgc);
-	memcpy(&bgc, &grid_default_cell, sizeof bgc);
-	if (w->active == wp) {
-		fgc.fg = active_colour;
-		bgc.bg = active_colour;
-	} else {
-		fgc.fg = colour;
-		bgc.bg = colour;
-	}
-
-	rlen = xsnprintf(rbuf, sizeof rbuf, "%ux%u", wp->sx, wp->sy);
-	if (pane > 9 && pane < 35)
-		llen = xsnprintf(lbuf, sizeof lbuf, "%c", 'a' + (pane - 10));
-	else
-		llen = 0;
-
-	if (sx < len * 6 || sy < 5) {
-		tty_attributes(tty, &fgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL, NULL);
-		if (sx >= len + llen + 1) {
-			len += llen + 1;
-			tty_cursor(tty, xoff + px - len / 2, yoff + py);
-			tty_putn(tty, buf, len,	 len);
-			tty_putn(tty, " ", 1, 1);
-			tty_putn(tty, lbuf, llen, llen);
-		} else {
-			tty_cursor(tty, xoff + px - len / 2, yoff + py);
-			tty_putn(tty, buf, len, len);
-		}
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	px -= len * 3;
-	py -= 2;
-
-	tty_attributes(tty, &bgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL, NULL);
-	for (ptr = buf; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
-		if (*ptr < '0' || *ptr > '9')
-			continue;
-		idx = *ptr - '0';
-
-		for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
-			for (i = px; i < px + 5; i++) {
-				tty_cursor(tty, xoff + i, yoff + py + j);
-				if (window_clock_table[idx][j][i - px])
-					tty_putc(tty, ' ');
-			}
-		}
-		px += 6;
-	}
-
-	if (sy <= 6)
-		goto out;
-	tty_attributes(tty, &fgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL, NULL);
-	if (rlen != 0 && sx >= rlen) {
-		tty_cursor(tty, xoff + sx - rlen, yoff);
-		tty_putn(tty, rbuf, rlen, rlen);
-	}
-	if (llen != 0) {
-		tty_cursor(tty, xoff + sx / 2 + len * 3 - llen - 1,
-		    yoff + py + 5);
-		tty_putn(tty, lbuf, llen, llen);
-	}
-
-out:
-	tty_cursor(tty, 0, 0);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_draw(struct client *c, __unused void *data,
-    struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx)
-{
-	struct window		*w = c->session->curw->window;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-
-	log_debug("%s: %s @%u", __func__, c->name, w->id);
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
-		if (window_pane_visible(wp))
-			cmd_display_panes_draw_pane(ctx, wp);
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_free(__unused struct client *c, void *data)
-{
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata = data;
-
-	if (cdata->item != NULL)
-		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
-	free(cdata);
-}
-
-static int
-cmd_display_panes_key(struct client *c, void *data, struct key_event *event)
-{
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata = data;
-	char				*expanded, *error;
-	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	struct window			*w = c->session->curw->window;
-	struct window_pane		*wp;
-	u_int				 index;
-	key_code			 key;
-
-	if (event->key >= '0' && event->key <= '9')
-		index = event->key - '0';
-	else if ((event->key & KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS) == 0) {
-		key = (event->key & KEYC_MASK_KEY);
-		if (key >= 'a' && key <= 'z')
-			index = 10 + (key - 'a');
-		else
-			return (-1);
-	} else
-		return (-1);
-
-	wp = window_pane_at_index(w, index);
-	if (wp == NULL)
-		return (1);
-	window_unzoom(w, 1);
-
-	xasprintf(&expanded, "%%%u", wp->id);
-
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, 1, &expanded, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
-		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
-		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-	}
-
-	free(expanded);
-	return (1);
-}
-
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_display_panes_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct session			*s = tc->session;
-	u_int				 delay;
-	char				*cause;
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata;
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
-
-	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'd')) {
-		delay = args_strtonum(args, 'd', 0, UINT_MAX, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "delay %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	} else
-		delay = options_get_number(s->options, "display-panes-time");
-
-	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-	if (wait)
-		cdata->item = item;
-	cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0,
-	    "select-pane -t \"%%%\"", wait, 0);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
-		server_client_set_overlay(tc, delay, NULL, NULL,
-		    cmd_display_panes_draw, NULL, cmd_display_panes_free, NULL,
-		    cdata);
-	} else {
-		server_client_set_overlay(tc, delay, NULL, NULL,
-		    cmd_display_panes_draw, cmd_display_panes_key,
-		    cmd_display_panes_free, NULL, cdata);
-	}
-
-	if (!wait)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
-}

cmd-find-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find-window.c,v 1.57 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -109,7 +109,8 @@ cmd_find_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		args_set(new_args, 'Z', NULL, 0);
 	args_set(new_args, 'f', filter, 0);
 
-	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_tree_mode, target, new_args);
+	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_tree_mode, item, target,
+	    new_args);
 	args_free(new_args);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-find.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find.c,v 1.87 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -147,6 +147,18 @@ cmd_find_session_better(struct session *s, struct session *than, int flags)
 	return (timercmp(&s->activity_time, &than->activity_time, >));
 }
 
+/* Can this session be usefully targeted? */
+static int
+cmd_find_session_valid(struct session *s)
+{
+	if (!session_alive(s) ||
+	    s->curw == NULL ||
+	    s->curw->window == NULL ||
+	    s->curw->window->active == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	return (1);
+}
+
 /* Find best session from a list, or all if list is NULL. */
 static struct session *
 cmd_find_best_session(struct session **slist, u_int ssize, int flags)
@@ -159,11 +171,15 @@ cmd_find_best_session(struct session **slist, u_int ssize, int flags)
 	s = NULL;
 	if (slist != NULL) {
 		for (i = 0; i < ssize; i++) {
+			if (!cmd_find_session_valid(slist[i]))
+				continue;
 			if (cmd_find_session_better(slist[i], s, flags))
 				s = slist[i];
 		}
 	} else {
 		RB_FOREACH(s_loop, sessions, &sessions) {
+			if (!cmd_find_session_valid(s_loop))
+				continue;
 			if (cmd_find_session_better(s_loop, s, flags))
 				s = s_loop;
 		}
@@ -868,7 +884,7 @@ cmd_find_from_client(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct client *c, int flags)
 	if (c->session != NULL) {
 		cmd_find_clear_state(fs, flags);
 
-		fs->wp = server_client_get_pane(c);
+		fs->wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
 		if (fs->wp == NULL) {
 			cmd_find_from_session(fs, c->session, flags);
 			return (0);
@@ -924,6 +940,7 @@ cmd_find_target(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct cmdq_item *item,
     const char *target, enum cmd_find_type type, int flags)
 {
 	struct mouse_event	*m;
+	struct client		*c;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 current;
 	char			*colon, *period, *copy = NULL, tmp[256];
 	const char		*session, *window, *pane, *s;
@@ -990,6 +1007,20 @@ cmd_find_target(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	if (target == NULL || *target == '\0')
 		goto current;
 
+	if (strcmp(target, "@") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(target, "{active}") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(target, "{current}") == 0) {
+		c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+		if (c == NULL || c->session == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "no current client");
+			goto error;
+		}
+		fs->wl = c->session->curw;
+		fs->wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
+		fs->w = c->session->curw->window;
+		goto found;
+	}
+
 	/* Mouse target is a plain = or {mouse}. */
 	if (strcmp(target, "=") == 0 || strcmp(target, "{mouse}") == 0) {
 		m = &cmdq_get_event(item)->m;

cmd-if-shell.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-if-shell.c,v 1.87 2026/08/25 06:04:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -53,8 +53,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_if_shell_entry = {
 };
 
 struct cmd_if_shell_data {
-	struct args_command_state	*cmd_if;
-	struct args_command_state	*cmd_else;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd_if;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd_else;
+
 
 	struct client		*client;
 	struct cmdq_item	*item;
@@ -76,45 +77,58 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct cmd_if_shell_data	*cdata;
 	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
-	char				*shellcmd;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
+	char				*shellcmd, *cause = NULL;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session			*s = target->s;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
+	u_int				 count = args_count(args), idx;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
 	shellcmd = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 	if (args_has(args, 'F')) {
 		if (*shellcmd != '0' && *shellcmd != '\0')
-			cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 1, 0);
+			idx = 1;
 		else if (count == 3)
-			cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 2, 0);
+			idx = 2;
 		else {
 			free(shellcmd);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		}
 		free(shellcmd);
-		if (cmdlist == NULL)
+
+		tree = args_to_commands(self, item, idx, NULL, 0, &cause);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+		}
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cmdq_get_state(item), NULL);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-
-	cdata->cmd_if = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 1, NULL, wait,
-	    0);
+	cdata->cmd_if = args_to_commands(self, item, 1, NULL, 0, &cause);
+	if (cdata->cmd_if == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
 	if (count == 3) {
-		cdata->cmd_else = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 2,
-		    NULL, wait, 0);
+		cdata->cmd_else = args_to_commands(self, item, 2, NULL, 0,
+		    &cause);
+		if (cdata->cmd_else == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			goto fail;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (wait) {
+	if (!wait)
+		cdata->client = tc;
+	else {
 		cdata->client = cmdq_get_client(item);
 		cdata->item = item;
-	} else
-		cdata->client = tc;
+	}
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		cdata->client->references++;
 
@@ -123,15 +137,19 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	    cmd_if_shell_callback, cmd_if_shell_free, cdata, 0, -1,
 	    -1) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "failed to run command: %s", shellcmd);
-		free(shellcmd);
-		cmd_if_shell_free(cdata);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	free(shellcmd);
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	free(shellcmd);
+	cmd_if_shell_free(cdata);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -140,32 +158,22 @@ cmd_if_shell_callback(struct job *job)
 	struct cmd_if_shell_data	*cdata = job_get_data(job);
 	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	char				*error;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
 	int				 status;
 
 	status = job_get_status(job);
 	if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
-		state = cdata->cmd_else;
+		tree = cdata->cmd_else;
 	else
-		state = cdata->cmd_if;
-	if (state == NULL)
+		tree = cdata->cmd_if;
+	if (tree == NULL)
 		goto out;
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
-			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
-		} else
-			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
+	if (item == NULL) {
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, NULL, NULL);
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
 	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cmdq_get_state(item), NULL);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
 	}
 
@@ -183,8 +191,8 @@ cmd_if_shell_free(void *data)
 		server_client_unref(cdata->client);
 
 	if (cdata->cmd_else != NULL)
-		args_make_commands_free(cdata->cmd_else);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->cmd_if);
-
+		cmd_parse_free(cdata->cmd_else);
+	if (cdata->cmd_if != NULL)
+		cmd_parse_free(cdata->cmd_if);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-invoke.c

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/* $OpenBSD$ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+#include "tmux-parser.h"
+
+/* One frame in the parse tree stack. */
+struct cmd_invoke_frame {
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*next;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*end;
+};
+
+/* Shared state for a parsed command tree invocation. */
+struct cmd_invoke_state {
+	u_int			 references;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*current_tree;
+
+	struct cmd_invoke_frame	*stack;
+	u_int			 nstack;
+
+	enum cmd_retval		 last;
+	int			 have_last;
+
+	int			 argc;
+	char		       **argv;
+};
+
+static void	cmd_invoke_push(struct cmd_invoke_state *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_tree *, struct cmd_parse_node *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_node *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static struct cmd_parse_tree *cmd_invoke_tree(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static struct cmd_parse_node *cmd_invoke_next(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static void	cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_expand_string(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *,
+		    char **);
+static int	cmd_invoke_assignment(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_if(struct cmdq_item *, struct cmd_invoke_state *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static struct cmd *cmd_invoke_build_command(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_read_only(struct cmdq_item *, struct cmd *);
+
+/* Push a node's child range onto the traversal stack. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_push(struct cmd_invoke_state *is, struct cmd_parse_tree *tree,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, struct cmd_parse_node *first,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *end)
+{
+	u_int	n = is->nstack + 1;
+
+	is->stack = xreallocarray(is->stack, n, sizeof *is->stack);
+	is->stack[is->nstack].tree = cmd_parse_add_ref(tree);
+	is->stack[is->nstack].node = node;
+	is->stack[is->nstack].next = first;
+	is->stack[is->nstack].end = end;
+	is->nstack = n;
+}
+
+static struct cmd_parse_tree *
+cmd_invoke_tree(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	if (is->current_tree != NULL)
+		return (is->current_tree);
+	return (is->tree);
+}
+
+/* Return the next node to execute from the traversal stack. */
+static struct cmd_parse_node *
+cmd_invoke_next(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	struct cmd_invoke_frame	*frame;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (is->nstack == 0)
+			return (NULL);
+		frame = &is->stack[is->nstack - 1];
+		if (frame->next != NULL && frame->next != frame->end)
+			break;
+		cmd_parse_free(frame->tree);
+		is->nstack--;
+	}
+
+	node = frame->next;
+	frame->next = cmd_parse_node_next(node);
+	is->current_tree = frame->tree;
+	return (node);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip the rest of the active sequence after a command failure. Failure scope
+ * is the active CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE. Discard nested frames and advance only as
+ * far as the end of that sequence.
+ */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	enum cmd_parse_node_type	type;
+	u_int				i;
+
+	for (i = is->nstack; i > 0; i--) {
+		type = cmd_parse_node_type(is->stack[i - 1].node);
+		if (type == CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE) {
+			is->stack[i - 1].next = is->stack[i - 1].end;
+			while (is->nstack > i)
+				cmd_parse_free(is->stack[--is->nstack].tree);
+			is->nstack = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	is->have_last = 0;
+}
+
+/* Append a string to a dynamically allocated buffer. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_append(char **buf, size_t *len, const char *s)
+{
+	size_t	slen;
+
+	if (s != NULL) {
+		slen = strlen(s);
+		*buf = xrealloc(*buf, *len + slen + 1);
+		memcpy(*buf + *len, s, slen + 1);
+		*len += slen;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Look up an environment variable. */
+static const char *
+cmd_invoke_getenv(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct environ_entry	*envent;
+
+	if (c != NULL && c->environ != NULL) {
+		envent = environ_find(c->environ, name);
+		if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
+			return (envent->value);
+	}
+	envent = environ_find(global_environ, name);
+	if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
+		return (envent->value);
+	return ("");
+}
+
+/* Resolve a tilde expansion to a home directory. */
+static const char *
+cmd_invoke_tilde(const char *name)
+{
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+
+	if (name == NULL || *name == '\0')
+		return (find_home());
+	if ((pw = getpwnam(name)) == NULL)
+		return ("");
+	return (pw->pw_dir);
+}
+
+/* Expand a parsed string node into an argv string. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_expand_string(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, char **out)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child;
+	const char		*s, *value;
+	char			*buf = NULL, *new;
+	size_t			 len = 0;
+	int			 i;
+
+	child = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	while (child != NULL) {
+		value = cmd_parse_node_value(child);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_TEXT:
+			s = value;
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ENVIRONMENT:
+			s = cmd_invoke_getenv(item, value);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_TILDE:
+			s = cmd_invoke_tilde(value);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type in string");
+		}
+		cmd_invoke_append(&buf, &len, s);
+		child = cmd_parse_node_next(child);
+	}
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		buf = xstrdup("");
+	for (i = 0; i < is->argc; i++) {
+		new = cmd_template_replace(buf, is->argv[i], i + 1);
+		free(buf);
+		buf = new;
+	}
+	*out = buf;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Execute an assignment node by updating the environment. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_assignment(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*value;
+	const char		*name;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flags = 0;
+
+	value = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+	if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, value, &expanded) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+
+	name = cmd_parse_node_value(node);
+	if (cmd_parse_node_type(node) == CMD_PARSE_HIDDEN_ASSIGN)
+		flags |= ENVIRON_HIDDEN;
+	environ_set(global_environ, name, flags, "%s", expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Expand and evaluate a conditional expression. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_is_true(struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct cmd_invoke_state *is, struct cmd_parse_node *node, int *result)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*s, *expanded;
+
+	if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, node, &s) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, s);
+	*result = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	free(s);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Skip else branches. */
+static struct cmd_parse_node *
+cmd_invoke_if_branch_end(struct cmd_parse_node *first)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+
+	for (node = first; node != NULL; node = cmd_parse_node_next(node)) {
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(node)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			return (node);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+/* Select and queue the branch for a conditional node. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_if(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child, *first, *next;
+	int			 r;
+
+	next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	if (next == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	first = cmd_parse_node_next(next);
+	if (cmd_invoke_is_true(item, is, next, &r) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+	if (r) {
+		next = cmd_invoke_if_branch_end(first);
+		cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, node, first, next);
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	for (child = first; child != NULL; child = cmd_parse_node_next(child)) {
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+			next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(child);
+			if (next == NULL)
+				break;
+			if (cmd_invoke_is_true(item, is, next, &r) != 0)
+				return (-1);
+			if (r) {
+				next = cmd_parse_node_next(next);
+				cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, child, next, NULL);
+				return (0);
+			}
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(child);
+			cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, child, next, NULL);
+			return (0);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Report an error from an invoke item. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_error(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, const char *cause)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	const char		*file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+	u_int			 line = cmd_parse_node_line(node);
+
+	if (c != NULL && (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL || file == NULL)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (file != NULL)
+		cfg_add_cause("%s:%u: %s", file, line, cause);
+	else
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+}
+
+/* Build one command from a parsed command node. */
+static struct cmd *
+cmd_invoke_build_command(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child;
+	struct args_value	*values = NULL;
+	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	const char		*file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+	u_int			 line = cmd_parse_node_line(node);
+	int			 flags = cmd_parse_flags(tree);
+	char			*cause = NULL;
+	u_int			 count = 0;
+
+	child = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	while (child != NULL) {
+		values = xreallocarray(values, count + 1, sizeof *values);
+		memset(&values[count], 0, sizeof values[count]);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_STRING:
+			values[count].type = ARGS_STRING;
+			if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, child,
+			    &values[count].string) != 0)
+				goto fail;
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMANDS:
+			values[count].type = ARGS_COMMANDS;
+			values[count].cmd = cmd_parse_from_node(tree, child);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type in command");
+		}
+		count++;
+		child = cmd_parse_node_next(child);
+	}
+
+	cmd = cmd_parse(values, count, file, line, flags, &cause);
+	if (cmd == NULL) {
+		cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, cause);
+		free(cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	args_free_values(values, count);
+	free(values);
+	return (cmd);
+
+fail:
+	args_free_values(values, count);
+	free(values);
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_invoke_read_only(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd *cmd)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
+
+	if (c == NULL || (~c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY))
+		return (0);
+	if (entry->flags & CMD_READONLY)
+		return (0);
+	cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+/* Create the first invoke queue item for a parsed tree. */
+struct cmdq_item *
+cmd_invoke_get(struct cmd_parse_tree *tree, struct cmdq_state *state,
+    const struct cmd_invoke_input *input)
+{
+	struct cmd_invoke_state	*is;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*root = cmd_parse_root(tree), *first;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+	struct cmd_invoke_input	 new_input = { 0 };
+	int			 i;
+
+	if (input == NULL)
+		input = &new_input;
+
+	is = xcalloc(1, sizeof *is);
+	is->references = 1;
+	is->tree = cmd_parse_add_ref(tree);
+
+	is->argc = input->argc;
+	if (input->argc != 0) {
+		is->argv = xreallocarray(NULL, input->argc, sizeof *is->argv);
+		for (i = 0; i < input->argc; i++)
+			is->argv[i] = xstrdup(input->argv[i]);
+	}
+
+	first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(root);
+	cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, root, first, NULL);
+
+	item = cmdq_get_invoke(is, state);
+	cmd_invoke_state_free(is);
+	return (item);
+}
+
+/* Add a reference to shared invoke state. */
+struct cmd_invoke_state *
+cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	is->references++;
+	return (is);
+}
+
+/* Release a reference to shared invoke state. */
+void
+cmd_invoke_state_free(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	int	i;
+	u_int	j;
+
+	if (is == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (--is->references != 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < is->argc; i++)
+		free(is->argv[i]);
+	free(is->argv);
+	for (j = 0; j < is->nstack; j++)
+		cmd_parse_free(is->stack[j].tree);
+
+	cmd_parse_free(is->tree);
+	free(is->stack);
+	free(is);
+}
+
+/* Record the result from the last command item. */
+void
+cmd_invoke_result(struct cmd_invoke_state *is, enum cmd_retval retval)
+{
+	is->last = retval;
+	is->have_last = 1;
+}
+
+/* Fire an invoke item and queue the next command plus continuation. */
+enum cmd_retval
+cmd_invoke_fire(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node, *first;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree, *alias;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item, *next;
+	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	struct client		*c;
+	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	const char		*file;
+	char			*cause;
+	int			 r;
+
+	if (is->have_last && is->last == CMD_RETURN_ERROR)
+		cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+	else
+		is->have_last = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		node = cmd_invoke_next(is);
+		if (node == NULL)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		cmd_parse_log_node(__func__, node);
+
+		tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(node)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ROOT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE:
+			first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+			cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, node, first, NULL);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ASSIGN:
+		case CMD_PARSE_HIDDEN_ASSIGN:
+			if (cmd_invoke_assignment(item, is, node) == 0)
+				break;
+			cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, "bad assignment");
+			cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_IF:
+			if (cmd_invoke_if(item, is, node) == 0)
+				break;
+			cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, "bad condition");
+			cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMAND:
+			r = cmd_parse_expand_alias(tree, node, &alias, &cause);
+			if (r == 1) {
+				node = cmd_parse_root(alias);
+				first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+				cmd_invoke_push(is, alias, node, first, NULL);
+				cmd_parse_free(alias);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (r == -1) {
+				c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+				file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+				if (c != NULL &&
+				    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL || file == NULL))
+					cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+				else
+					cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			cmd = cmd_invoke_build_command(item, is, node);
+			if (cmd == NULL) {
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (cmd_invoke_read_only(item, cmd) != 0) {
+				cmd_free(cmd);
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Queue one command followed by this walker. WAIT and
+			 * command-inserted items therefore run before resume.
+			 */
+			state = cmdq_get_state(item);
+			new_item = cmdq_get_one_command(cmd, state, is);
+			next = cmdq_get_invoke(is, state);
+			cmdq_insert_after(item, next);
+			cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		case CMD_PARSE_STRING:
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMANDS:
+		case CMD_PARSE_TEXT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ENVIRONMENT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_TILDE:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type");
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd-join-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-join-pane.c,v 1.74 2026/08/03 20:29:52 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011 George Nachman <tmux@georgester.com>
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *,
+			    struct mouse_event *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_join_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "join-pane",
@@ -49,8 +52,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "move-pane",
 	.alias = "movep",
 
-	.args = { "bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-l size] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "bdD::fhMvl:L::P:R::s:t:U::X:Y:z:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdfhMv] [-D lines] [-l size] [-L columns] [-P position] "
+	         "[-R columns] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE " [-U lines] "
+	         "[-X x-position] [-Y y-position] [-z z-index]",
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -59,6 +64,348 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_join_pane_exec
 };
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *position)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
+	int			 wx = w->sx, wy = w->sy;
+	int			 px = lc->g.sx, py = lc->g.sy;
+	int			 xoff = lc->g.xoff, yoff = lc->g.yoff;
+	int			 border = 1;
+
+	if (window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp) == PANE_LINES_NONE)
+		border = 0;
+
+	if (strcmp(position, "top-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-left") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-right") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "front") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "back") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else
+			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else {
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+				if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (owp != NULL)
+				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+			else
+				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		} else {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown position: %s", position);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (xoff != lc->g.xoff || yoff != lc->g.yoff) {
+		lc->g.xoff = xoff;
+		lc->g.yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	}
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
+    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	const char		*errstr, *argval;
+	const char		 flags[] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
+	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
+	int			 xoff = lc->g.xoff, yoff = lc->g.yoff, adjust;
+	u_int			 i;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines = window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'X')) {
+		xoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'X', -(int)w->sx,
+		    w->sx, w->sx, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
+			xoff += 1;
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'Y')) {
+		yoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'Y', -(int)w->sy,
+		    w->sy, w->sy, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
+			yoff += 1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(flags); i++) {
+		flag = flags[i];
+		if (!args_has(args, flag))
+			continue;
+
+		argval = args_get(args, flag);
+		if (argval == NULL)
+			argval = "1";
+		adjust = strtonum(argval, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "offset %s", errstr);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		if (flag == 'U')
+			yoff -= adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'D')
+			yoff += adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'L')
+			xoff -= adjust;
+		else
+			xoff += adjust;
+	}
+
+	if (xoff != lc->g.xoff || yoff != lc->g.yoff) {
+		lc->g.xoff = xoff;
+		lc->g.yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+
+	if (!event->m.valid)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&event->m, &s, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL || c == NULL || c->session != s)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp))
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	w = wl->window;
+	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
+	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+
+	c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_join_pane_mouse_move;
+	cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(c, &event->m);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	int			 y, ly, x, lx;
+
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wl->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	y = m->y + m->oy; x = m->x + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+	ly = m->ly + m->oy; lx = m->lx + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && ly >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		ly -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && ly >= m->statusat)
+		ly = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	if (x != lx || y != ly) {
+		lc->g.xoff += x - lx;
+		lc->g.yoff += y - ly;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
+	}
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_zindex(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *s)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
+	const char		*errstr;
+	u_int			 n, z;
+
+	z = strtonum(s, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
+	if (errstr != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "z-index %s", errstr);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+			break;
+		if (n >= z)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+
+	if (owp != NULL)
+		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_tile(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, struct window *w,
+    struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "can't tile a pane while window is zoomed");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	lc->fg.sx = lc->g.sx;
+	lc->fg.sy = lc->g.sy;
+	lc->fg.xoff = lc->g.xoff;
+	lc->fg.yoff = lc->g.yoff;
+
+	if (layout_insert_tile(w, lc) != 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "no space for a new pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	lc->flags &= ~LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
+
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+		window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+	layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -70,74 +417,71 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct winlink		*src_wl, *dst_wl;
 	struct window		*src_w, *dst_w;
 	struct window_pane	*src_wp, *dst_wp;
+	const char		*s;
 	char			*cause = NULL;
-	int			 size, dst_idx;
-	int			 flags;
-	enum layout_type	 type;
+	int			 flags = 0, dst_idx;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc;
-	u_int			 curval = 0;
 
 	dst_s = target->s;
 	dst_wl = target->wl;
 	dst_wp = target->wp;
 	dst_w = dst_wl->window;
 	dst_idx = dst_wl->idx;
+
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_move_pane_entry) {
+		if (args_has(args, 'M'))
+			return (cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(item));
+		if (args_has(args, 'P') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'z') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'X') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'Y') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'U') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'D') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'L') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'R')) {
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
 			server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
+			if ((s = args_get(args, 'P')) != NULL)
+				return (cmd_join_pane_place(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
+			if ((s = args_get(args, 'z')) != NULL)
+				return (cmd_join_pane_zindex(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
+			return (cmd_join_pane_move(item, args, dst_wl, dst_wp));
+		}
+	}
 
 	src_wl = source->wl;
 	src_wp = source->wp;
 	src_w = src_wl->window;
+
+	if (src_wp == src_w->modal || dst_wp == dst_w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
 	server_unzoom_window(src_w);
 
 	if (src_wp == dst_wp) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(src_wp))
+			return (cmd_join_pane_tile(item, args, src_w, src_wp));
 		cmdq_error(item, "source and target panes must be different");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
 	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
-		type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
-
-	/* If the 'p' flag is dropped then this bit can be moved into 'l'. */
-	if (args_has(args, 'l') || args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		if (args_has(args, 'f')) {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				curval = dst_w->sy;
-			else
-				curval = dst_w->sx;
-		} else {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				curval = dst_wp->sy;
-			else
-				curval = dst_wp->sx;
-		}
-	}
-
-	size = -1;
-	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
-		size = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'l', 0, INT_MAX, curval,
-			   item, &cause);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		size = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'l', 0, 100, item,
-			   &cause);
-		if (cause == NULL)
-			size = curval * size / 100;
-	}
-	if (cause != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
-		free(cause);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	}
-
-	flags = 0;
+		flags |= SPAWN_HORIZONTAL;
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_BEFORE;
 	if (args_has(args, 'f'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_FULLSIZE;
 
-	lc = layout_split_pane(dst_wp, type, size, flags);
-	if (lc == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: pane too small");
+	lc = layout_get_tiled_cell(item, args, dst_w, dst_wp, flags, &cause);
+	if (cause != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "size or position %s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -146,14 +490,18 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	server_client_remove_pane(src_wp);
 	window_lost_pane(src_w, src_wp);
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&src_w->panes, src_wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&src_w->z_index, src_wp, zentry);
 
 	src_wp->window = dst_w;
 	options_set_parent(src_wp->options, dst_w->options);
 	src_wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
-	if (flags & SPAWN_BEFORE)
+	if (flags & SPAWN_BEFORE) {
 		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(dst_wp, src_wp, entry);
-	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(dst_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+	} else {
 		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->panes, dst_wp, src_wp, entry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->z_index, dst_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+	}
 	layout_assign_pane(lc, src_wp, 0);
 	colour_palette_from_option(&src_wp->palette, src_wp->options);
 
@@ -170,11 +518,12 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	} else
 		server_status_session(dst_s);
 
-	if (window_count_panes(src_w) == 0)
+	window_fire_pane_moved(src_wp, src_w, src_wl->idx, dst_w, dst_idx);
+	if (window_count_panes(src_w, 1) == 0)
 		server_kill_window(src_w, 1);
 	else
-		notify_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-kill-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-pane.c,v 1.34 2026/06/09 21:22:22 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,13 +27,17 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_pane_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_pane_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, struct winlink *,
+			    struct window_pane *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-pane",
 	.alias = "killp",
 
-	.args = { "at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "af:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-a] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -46,22 +50,66 @@ cmd_kill_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
-	struct window_pane	*loopwp, *tmpwp, *wp = target->wp;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
+
+	if (filter != NULL && !args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_pane_all(item, filter));
+
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "no active pane to kill");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	server_kill_pane(wp);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_pane_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct window_pane	*loopwp, *tmpwp;
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
 	server_unzoom_window(wl->window);
 	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(loopwp, &wl->window->panes, entry, tmpwp) {
 		if (loopwp == wp)
 			continue;
+		if (!cmd_kill_pane_filter(item, s, wl, loopwp, filter))
+			continue;
 		server_client_remove_pane(loopwp);
 		layout_close_pane(loopwp);
 		window_remove_pane(wl->window, loopwp);
 	}
 	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
-
-	server_kill_pane(wp);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_pane_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, wp);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
 }

cmd-kill-server.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-server.c,v 1.20 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-kill-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-session.c,v 1.31 2026/06/09 12:57:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
@@ -28,13 +30,16 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_session_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_session_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_session_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-session",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "aCt:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aC] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aCgf:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCg] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -48,7 +53,14 @@ cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s, *sloop, *stmp;
+	struct session_group	*sg;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
+
+	if (filter != NULL && (!args_has(args, 'a') || args_has(args, 'C'))) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
@@ -56,16 +68,56 @@ cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			wl->flags &= ~WINLINK_ALERTFLAGS;
 		}
 		server_redraw_session(s);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		RB_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, sessions, &sessions, stmp) {
-			if (sloop != s) {
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_session_all(item, filter));
+	else if (args_has(args, 'g') &&
+	    (sg = session_group_contains(s)) != NULL) {
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, &sg->sessions, gentry, stmp) {
 			server_destroy_session(sloop);
 			session_destroy(sloop, 1, __func__);
 		}
-		}
 	} else {
 		server_destroy_session(s);
 		session_destroy(s, 1, __func__);
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_session_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct session	*s = cmdq_get_target(item)->s;
+	struct session	*sloop, *stmp;
+
+	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, sessions, &sessions, stmp) {
+		if (sloop == s)
+			continue;
+		if (!cmd_kill_session_filter(item, sloop, filter))
+			continue;
+		server_destroy_session(sloop);
+		session_destroy(sloop, 1, __func__);
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_session_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, NULL, NULL);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
+}

cmd-kill-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-window.c,v 1.30 2026/06/09 12:57:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
@@ -25,13 +27,16 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_window_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_window_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, struct winlink *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_window_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-window",
 	.alias = "killw",
 
-	.args = { "at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
+	.args = { "af:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-a] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
@@ -57,10 +62,15 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *loop;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	u_int			 found;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
+
+	if (filter != NULL && !args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_unlink_window_entry) {
 		if (!args_has(args, 'k') && !session_is_linked(s, w)) {
@@ -72,7 +82,22 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
+	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_window_all(item, filter));
+
+	server_kill_window(wl->window, 1);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_window_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct winlink	*loop;
+	u_int		 found, kill_current;
+
 	if (RB_PREV(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL &&
 	    RB_NEXT(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -81,7 +106,8 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	do {
 		found = 0;
 		RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-				if (loop->window != wl->window) {
+			if (loop->window != wl->window &&
+			    cmd_kill_window_filter(item, s, loop, filter)) {
 				server_kill_window(loop->window, 0);
 				found++;
 				break;
@@ -90,21 +116,42 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	} while (found != 0);
 
 	/*
-		 * If the current window appears in the session more than once,
-		 * kill it as well.
+	 * If the current window appears in the session more than once, kill it
+	 * as well if it matches the filter.
 	 */
-		found = 0;
+	found = kill_current = 0;
 	RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-			if (loop->window == wl->window)
+		if (loop->window == wl->window) {
 			found++;
+			if (cmd_kill_window_filter(item, s, loop, filter))
+				kill_current = 1;
 		}
-		if (found > 1)
+	}
+	if (kill_current && found > 1)
 		server_kill_window(wl->window, 0);
 
 	server_renumber_all();
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
-
-	server_kill_window(wl->window, 1);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_window_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    struct winlink *wl, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, NULL);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
 }

cmd-list-buffers.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-buffers.c,v 1.41 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_buffers_entry = {
 	.name = "list-buffers",
 	.alias = "lsb",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter]",
+	.args = { "F:f:O:r", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_buffers_exec
@@ -47,20 +47,29 @@ static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_buffers_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
+	struct paste_buffer	**l;
 	struct format_tree	 *ft;
 	const char		 *template, *filter;
 	char			 *line, *expanded;
 	int			  flag;
+	u_int			  i, n;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 		template = LIST_BUFFERS_TEMPLATE;
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	pb = NULL;
-	while ((pb = paste_walk(pb)) != NULL) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_buffers(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_defaults_paste_buffer(ft, pb);
+		format_defaults_paste_buffer(ft, l[i]);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);

cmd-list-clients.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-clients.c,v 1.42 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_clients_entry = {
 	.name = "list-clients",
 	.alias = "lsc",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "F:f:O:rt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]" CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -55,13 +55,14 @@ cmd_list_clients_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args 		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	 *target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c;
+	struct client		**l;
 	struct session		 *s;
 	struct format_tree	 *ft;
 	const char		 *template, *filter;
-	u_int			 idx;
+	u_int			  i, n;
 	char			 *line, *expanded;
 	int			  flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 't'))
 		s = target->s;
@@ -72,14 +73,21 @@ cmd_list_clients_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		template = LIST_CLIENTS_TEMPLATE;
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	idx = 0;
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
-		if (c->session == NULL || (s != NULL && s != c->session))
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_clients(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (l[i]->session == NULL || (s != NULL && s != l[i]->session))
 			continue;
 
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", idx);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", i);
+		format_defaults(ft, l[i], NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
@@ -94,8 +102,6 @@ cmd_list_clients_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-
-		idx++;
 	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-list-commands.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-commands.c,v 1.15 2026/02/24 08:22:13 nicm Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+
+/*
+ * List all commands.
+ */
+
+#define LIST_COMMANDS_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{command_list_name}"					\
+	"#{?command_list_alias, (#{command_list_alias}),} "	\
+	"#{command_list_usage}"
+
+static enum cmd_retval cmd_list_commands(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_commands_entry = {
+	.name = "list-commands",
+	.alias = "lscm",
+
+	.args = { "F:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [command]",
+
+	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.exec = cmd_list_commands
+};
+
+static void
+cmd_list_single_command(const struct cmd_entry *entry, struct format_tree *ft,
+    const char *template, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	const char	*s;
+	char		*line;
+
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_name", "%s", entry->name);
+	if (entry->alias != NULL)
+		s = entry->alias;
+	else
+		s = "";
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_alias", "%s", s);
+	if (entry->usage != NULL)
+		s = entry->usage;
+	else
+		s = "";
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_usage", "%s", s);
+
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	if (*line != '\0')
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_list_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	const struct cmd_entry	**entryp;
+	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
+	struct format_tree	 *ft;
+	const char		 *template,  *command;
+	char			 *cause;
+
+	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
+		template = LIST_COMMANDS_TEMPLATE;
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	command = args_string(args, 0);
+	if (command == NULL) {
+		for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++)
+			cmd_list_single_command(*entryp, ft, template, item);
+	} else {
+		entry = cmd_find(command, &cause);
+		if (entry != NULL)
+			cmd_list_single_command(entry, ft, template, item);
+		else {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			format_free(ft);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}

cmd-list-keys.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-keys.c,v 1.78 2026/07/01 13:12:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,121 +27,149 @@
  * List key bindings.
  */
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+#define LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{?notes_only,"					\
+	"#{key_prefix} "					\
+	"#{p|#{key_string_width}:key_string} "			\
+	"#{?key_note,#{key_note},#{key_command}}"		\
+	","							\
+	"bind-key #{?key_has_repeat,#{?key_repeat,-r,  },} "	\
+	"-T #{p|#{key_table_width}:key_table} "			\
+	"#{p|#{key_string_width}:#{q|a:key_string}} "		\
+	"#{key_command}}"
+#define LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE_PRETTY				\
+	"#{?notes_only,"					\
+	"#{key_prefix} "					\
+	"#{key_string} "					\
+	"#{?key_note,#{key_note},#{key_command}}"		\
+	","							\
+	"bind-key #{?key_repeat,-r ,}"				\
+	"-T #{key_table} "					\
+	"#{q|a:key_string} "					\
+	"#{key_command}}"
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *,
-			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_keys_entry = {
 	.name = "list-keys",
 	.alias = "lsk",
 
-	.args = { "1aNP:T:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-1aN] [-P prefix-string] [-T key-table] [key]",
+	.args = { "1aF:NO:P:prT:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-1aNpr] [-F format] [-O order] [-P prefix-string]"
+		 "[-T key-table] [key]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_keys_exec
 };
 
-const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_commands_entry = {
-	.name = "list-commands",
-	.alias = "lscm",
+static char *
+cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(struct args *args)
+{
+	key_code	prefix;
 
-	.args = { "F:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [command]",
+	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
+		return (xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P')));
 
-	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
-	.exec = cmd_list_keys_exec
-};
+	prefix = options_get_number(global_s_options, "prefix");
+	if (prefix == KEYC_NONE)
+		return (xstrdup(""));
+	return (xstrdup(key_string_lookup_key(prefix, 0)));
+}
 
 static u_int
-cmd_list_keys_get_width(const char *tablename, key_code only)
+cmd_list_keys_get_width(struct key_binding **l, u_int n)
 {
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	u_int			 width, keywidth = 0;
+	u_int	i, width, keywidth = 0;
 
-	table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
-	if (table == NULL)
-		return (0);
-	bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-	while (bd != NULL) {
-		if ((only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) ||
-		    KEYC_IS_MOUSE(bd->key) ||
-		    bd->note == NULL ||
-		    *bd->note == '\0') {
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-			continue;
-		}
-		width = utf8_cstrwidth(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		width = utf8_cstrwidth(key_string_lookup_key(l[i]->key, 0));
 		if (width > keywidth)
 			keywidth = width;
-
-		bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
 	}
 	return (keywidth);
 }
 
-static int
-cmd_list_keys_print_notes(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
-    const char *tablename, u_int keywidth, key_code only, const char *prefix)
+static u_int
+cmd_list_keys_get_table_width(struct key_binding **l, u_int n)
 {
-	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	const char		*key;
-	char			*tmp, *note;
-	int			 found = 0;
+	u_int	i, width, tablewidth = 0;
 
-	table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
-	if (table == NULL)
-		return (0);
-	bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-	while (bd != NULL) {
-		if ((only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) ||
-		    KEYC_IS_MOUSE(bd->key) ||
-		    ((bd->note == NULL || *bd->note == '\0') &&
-		    !args_has(args, 'a'))) {
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-			continue;
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		width = utf8_cstrwidth(l[i]->tablename);
+		if (width > tablewidth)
+			tablewidth = width;
 	}
-		found = 1;
-		key = key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0);
-
-		if (bd->note == NULL || *bd->note == '\0')
-			note = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, 1);
-		else
-			note = xstrdup(bd->note);
-		tmp = utf8_padcstr(key, keywidth + 1);
-		if (args_has(args, '1') && tc != NULL) {
-			status_message_set(tc, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s%s%s", prefix,
-			    tmp, note);
-		} else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s%s%s", prefix, tmp, note);
-		free(tmp);
-		free(note);
-
-		if (args_has(args, '1'))
-			break;
-		bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-	}
-	return (found);
+	return (tablewidth);
 }
 
-static char *
-cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(struct args *args, key_code *prefix)
+static struct key_binding **
+cmd_list_keys_get_root_and_prefix(u_int *n, struct sort_criteria *sort_crit)
+{
+	const char			 *tables[] = { "prefix", "root" };
+	struct key_table		 *t;
+	struct key_binding		**lt;
+	u_int				  i, ltsz, len = 0, offset = 0;
+	static struct key_binding	**l = NULL;
+	static u_int			  lsz = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(tables); i++) {
+		t = key_bindings_get_table(tables[i], 0);
+		lt = sort_get_key_bindings_table(t, &ltsz, sort_crit);
+		len += ltsz;
+		if (lsz <= len) {
+			lsz = len + 100;
+			l = xreallocarray(l, lsz, sizeof *l);
+		}
+		memcpy(l + offset, lt, ltsz * sizeof *l);
+		offset += ltsz;
+	}
+
+	*n = len;
+	return (l);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_list_keys_do_filter(int filter_notes, int filter_key, key_code only,
+    struct key_binding **l, u_int *n)
+{
+	key_code	key;
+	u_int		i, j = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < *n; i++) {
+		key = l[i]->key & (KEYC_MASK_KEY|KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS);
+		if (filter_key && only != key)
+			continue;
+		if (filter_notes && l[i]->note == NULL)
+			continue;
+		l[j++] = l[i];
+	}
+	*n = j;
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_list_keys_format_key_binding(struct format_tree *ft,
+    const struct key_binding *bd, const char *prefix, int flags)
 {
 	char	*s;
 
-	*prefix = options_get_number(global_s_options, "prefix");
-	if (!args_has(args, 'P')) {
-		if (*prefix != KEYC_NONE)
-			xasprintf(&s, "%s ", key_string_lookup_key(*prefix, 0));
+	if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
+		format_add(ft, "key_repeat", "1");
 	else
-			s = xstrdup("");
-	} else
-		s = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P'));
-	return (s);
+		format_add(ft, "key_repeat", "0");
+
+	if (bd->note != NULL)
+		format_add(ft, "key_note", "%s", bd->note);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "key_note", "%s", "");
+
+	format_add(ft, "key_prefix", "%s", prefix);
+	format_add(ft, "key_table", "%s", bd->tablename);
+
+	format_add(ft, "key_string", "%s", key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
+
+	s = cmd_parse_print(bd->cmd, flags);
+	format_add(ft, "key_command", "%s", s);
+	free(s);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -149,16 +177,17 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	const char		*tablename, *r, *keystr;
-	char			*key, *cp, *tmp, *start, *empty;
-	key_code		 prefix, only = KEYC_UNKNOWN;
-	int			 repeat, width, tablewidth, keywidth, found = 0;
-	size_t			 tmpsize, tmpused, cplen;
-
-	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_list_commands_entry)
-		return (cmd_list_keys_commands(self, item));
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	struct key_table	*table = NULL;
+	struct key_binding	**l;
+	key_code		 only = KEYC_UNKNOWN;
+	const char		*template, *tablename, *keystr;
+	char			*line;
+	char			*prefix = NULL;
+	u_int			 i, n;
+	int			 single, notes_only, filter_notes, filter_key;
+	int			 print_flags = 0;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	if ((keystr = args_string(args, 0)) != NULL) {
 		only = key_string_lookup_string(keystr);
@@ -169,218 +198,75 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		only &= (KEYC_MASK_KEY|KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS);
 	}
 
-	tablename = args_get(args, 'T');
-	if (tablename != NULL && key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0) == NULL) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	if ((tablename = args_get(args, 'T')) != NULL) {
+		table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
+		if (table == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "table %s doesn't exist", tablename);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
-		if (tablename == NULL) {
-			start = cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(args, &prefix);
-			keywidth = cmd_list_keys_get_width("root", only);
-			if (prefix != KEYC_NONE) {
-				width = cmd_list_keys_get_width("prefix", only);
-				if (width == 0)
-					prefix = KEYC_NONE;
-				else if (width > keywidth)
-					keywidth = width;
-			}
-			empty = utf8_padcstr("", utf8_cstrwidth(start));
-
-			found = cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args, "root",
-			    keywidth, only, empty);
-			if (prefix != KEYC_NONE) {
-				if (cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args,
-				    "prefix", keywidth, only, start))
-					found = 1;
-			}
-			free(empty);
-		} else {
-			if (args_has(args, 'P'))
-				start = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P'));
-			else
-				start = xstrdup("");
-			keywidth = cmd_list_keys_get_width(tablename, only);
-			found = cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args, tablename,
-			    keywidth, only, start);
-
-		}
-		free(start);
-		goto out;
 	}
 
-	repeat = 0;
-	tablewidth = keywidth = 0;
-	table = key_bindings_first_table();
-	while (table != NULL) {
-		if (tablename != NULL && strcmp(table->name, tablename) != 0) {
-			table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-			continue;
-		}
-		bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-		while (bd != NULL) {
-			if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) {
-				bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-				continue;
-			}
-			key = args_escape(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
-
-			if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
-				repeat = 1;
-
-			width = utf8_cstrwidth(table->name);
-			if (width > tablewidth)
-				tablewidth = width;
-			width = utf8_cstrwidth(key);
-			if (width > keywidth)
-				keywidth = width;
-
-			free(key);
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-		}
-		table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-	}
-
-	tmpsize = 256;
-	tmp = xmalloc(tmpsize);
-
-	table = key_bindings_first_table();
-	while (table != NULL) {
-		if (tablename != NULL && strcmp(table->name, tablename) != 0) {
-			table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-			continue;
-		}
-		bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-		while (bd != NULL) {
-			if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) {
-				bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-				continue;
-			}
-			found = 1;
-			key = args_escape(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
-
-			if (!repeat)
-				r = "";
-			else if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
-				r = "-r ";
-			else
-				r = "   ";
-			tmpused = xsnprintf(tmp, tmpsize, "%s-T ", r);
-
-			cp = utf8_padcstr(table->name, tablewidth);
-			cplen = strlen(cp) + 1;
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			tmpused = strlcat(tmp, " ", tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			cp = utf8_padcstr(key, keywidth);
-			cplen = strlen(cp) + 1;
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			tmpused = strlcat(tmp, " ", tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			cp = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, 1);
-			cplen = strlen(cp);
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			if (args_has(args, '1') && tc != NULL) {
-				status_message_set(tc, -1, 1, 0, 0,
-				    "bind-key %s", tmp);
-			} else
-				cmdq_print(item, "bind-key %s", tmp);
-			free(key);
-
-			if (args_has(args, '1'))
-				break;
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-		}
-		table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-	}
-
-	free(tmp);
-
-out:
-	if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && !found) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", args_string(args, 0));
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	}
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_list_single_command(const struct cmd_entry *entry, struct format_tree *ft,
-    const char *template, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	const char	*s;
-	char		*line;
-
-	format_add(ft, "command_list_name", "%s", entry->name);
-	if (entry->alias != NULL)
-		s = entry->alias;
-	else
-		s = "";
-	format_add(ft, "command_list_alias", "%s", s);
-	if (entry->usage != NULL)
-		s = entry->usage;
-	else
-		s = "";
-	format_add(ft, "command_list_usage", "%s", s);
-
-	line = format_expand(ft, template);
-	if (*line != '\0')
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
-	free(line);
-}
-
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	const struct cmd_entry	**entryp;
-	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
-	struct format_tree	 *ft;
-	const char		 *template,  *command;
-	char			 *cause;
+	prefix = cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(args);
+	single = args_has(args, '1');
+	notes_only = args_has(args, 'N');
+	if (args_has(args, 'p'))
+		print_flags |= CMD_PARSE_PRINT_MULTILINE;
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL) {
-		template = "#{command_list_name}"
-		    "#{?command_list_alias, (#{command_list_alias}),} "
-		    "#{command_list_usage}";
+		if (print_flags & CMD_PARSE_PRINT_MULTILINE)
+			template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE_PRETTY;
+		else
+			template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE;
 	}
 
-	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-	format_defaults(ft, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (table)
+		l = sort_get_key_bindings_table(table, &n, &sort_crit);
+	else if (notes_only)
+		l = cmd_list_keys_get_root_and_prefix(&n, &sort_crit);
+	else
+		l = sort_get_key_bindings(&n, &sort_crit);
 
-	command = args_string(args, 0);
-	if (command == NULL) {
-		for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++)
-			cmd_list_single_command(*entryp, ft, template, item);
-	} else {
-		entry = cmd_find(command, &cause);
-		if (entry != NULL)
-			cmd_list_single_command(entry, ft, template, item);
-		else {
-			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			format_free(ft);
+	filter_notes = notes_only && !args_has(args, 'a');
+	filter_key = only != KEYC_UNKNOWN;
+	if (filter_notes || filter_key)
+		cmd_list_keys_do_filter(filter_notes, filter_key, only, l, &n);
+	if (filter_key && n == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", keystr);
+		free(prefix);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	}
+	if (single && n > 1)
+		n = 1;
 
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, tc, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	format_add(ft, "notes_only", "%d", notes_only);
+	format_add(ft, "key_has_repeat", "%d", key_bindings_has_repeat(l, n));
+	format_add(ft, "key_string_width", "%u", cmd_list_keys_get_width(l, n));
+	format_add(ft, "key_table_width", "%u",
+	    cmd_list_keys_get_table_width(l, n));
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		cmd_list_keys_format_key_binding(ft, l[i], prefix, print_flags);
+
+		line = format_expand(ft, template);
+		if (single && tc != NULL && (~tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
+			status_message_set(tc, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", line);
+		else if (*line != '\0')
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+		free(line);
+
+		if (single)
+			break;
+	}
 	format_free(ft);
+	free(prefix);
+
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-list-panes.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-panes.c,v 1.40 2026/06/01 14:01:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_panes_entry = {
 	.name = "list-panes",
 	.alias = "lsp",
 
-	.args = { "asF:f:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-as] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aF:f:O:rst:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-asr] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]"
+		 CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
@@ -54,6 +55,13 @@ cmd_list_panes_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	enum sort_order		 order;
+
+	order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
 		cmd_list_panes_server(self, item);
@@ -89,34 +97,41 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
     struct cmdq_item *item, int type)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int			 n;
+	struct window_pane	*wp, **l;
+	u_int			 i, n;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	const char		*template, *filter;
 	char			*line, *expanded;
 	int			 flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	template = args_get(args, 'F');
 	if (template == NULL) {
 		switch (type) {
 		case 0:
 			template = "#{pane_index}: "
-			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] [history "
+			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
 			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
 		case 1:
 			template = "#{window_index}.#{pane_index}: "
-			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] [history "
+			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
 			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			template = "#{session_name}:#{window_index}."
-			    "#{pane_index}: [#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] "
-			    "[history #{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
+			    "#{pane_index}: [#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
+			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
@@ -124,8 +139,12 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
 	}
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &wl->window->panes, entry) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_panes_window(wl->window, &n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		wp = l[i];
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
 		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, wp);
@@ -143,6 +162,5 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
 }

cmd-list-sessions.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-sessions.c,v 1.36 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_sessions_entry = {
 	.name = "list-sessions",
 	.alias = "ls",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter]",
+	.args = { "F:f:O:r", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-r] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_sessions_exec
@@ -53,22 +53,30 @@ static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct session		*s;
-	u_int		 	 n;
+	struct session		**l;
+	u_int		 	  n, i;
 	struct format_tree	 *ft;
 	const char		 *template, *filter;
 	char			 *line, *expanded;
 	int			  flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 		template = LIST_SESSIONS_TEMPLATE;
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_sessions(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
-		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, NULL, NULL);
+		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", i);
+		format_defaults(ft, NULL, l[i], NULL, NULL);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
@@ -83,7 +91,6 @@ cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-list-windows.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.50 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,16 +41,13 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static void	cmd_list_windows_server(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
-static void	cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *, struct session *,
-		    struct cmdq_item *, int);
-
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_windows_entry = {
 	.name = "list-windows",
 	.alias = "lsw",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aF:f:O:rt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-ar] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]"
+		 CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -63,51 +60,38 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
-		cmd_list_windows_server(self, item);
-	else
-		cmd_list_windows_session(self, target->s, item, 0);
-
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_list_windows_server(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
+	struct winlink		*wl, **l;
 	struct session		*s;
-
-	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions)
-		cmd_list_windows_session(self, s, item, 1);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *self, struct session *s,
-    struct cmdq_item *item, int type)
-{
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct winlink		*wl;
-	u_int			 n;
+	u_int			 i, n;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	const char		*template, *filter;
 	char			*line, *expanded;
 	int			 flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	template = args_get(args, 'F');
-	if (template == NULL) {
-		switch (type) {
-		case 0:
-			template = LIST_WINDOWS_TEMPLATE;
-			break;
-		case 1:
-			template = LIST_WINDOWS_WITH_SESSION_TEMPLATE;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		l = sort_get_winlinks(&n, &sort_crit);
+		if (template == NULL)
+			template = LIST_WINDOWS_WITH_SESSION_TEMPLATE;
+	} else {
+		l = sort_get_winlinks_session(target->s, &n, &sort_crit);
+		if (template == NULL)
+			template = LIST_WINDOWS_TEMPLATE;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		wl = l[i];
+		s = wl->session;
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
 		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, NULL);
@@ -125,6 +109,7 @@ cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *self, struct session *s,
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-load-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-load-buffer.c,v 1.66 2025/10/28 07:32:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>

cmd-lock-server.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-lock-server.c,v 1.31 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-move-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-move-window.c,v 1.34 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-new-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-session.c,v 1.152 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct termios		 tio, *tiop;
 	struct session_group	*sg = NULL;
 	const char		*errstr, *template, *group, *tmp;
-	char			*cause, *cwd = NULL, *cp, *newname = NULL;
-	char			*name, *prefix = NULL;
+	char			*cause, *cwd = NULL, *cp, *ename;
+	char			*wname = NULL, *sname = NULL, *prefix = NULL;
 	int			 detached, already_attached, is_control = 0;
 	u_int			 sx, sy, dsx, dsy, count = args_count(args);
 	struct spawn_context	 sc = { 0 };
@@ -99,32 +99,43 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	tmp = args_get(args, 's');
-	if (tmp != NULL) {
-		name = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-		newname = session_check_name(name);
-		if (newname == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "invalid session: %s", name);
-			free(name);
+	if ((tmp = args_get(args, 'n')) != NULL) {
+		ename = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(ename)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", ename);
+			free(ename);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		free(name);
+		wname = clean_name(ename, 0);
+		free(ename);
+	}
+	if ((tmp = args_get(args, 's')) != NULL) {
+		ename = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(ename)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid session name: %s", ename);
+			free(ename);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		sname = clean_name(ename, 0);
+		free(ename);
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'A')) {
-		if (newname != NULL)
-			as = session_find(newname);
+		if (sname != NULL)
+			as = session_find(sname);
 		else
 			as = target->s;
 		if (as != NULL) {
 			retval = cmd_attach_session(item, as->name,
-			    args_has(args, 'D'), args_has(args, 'X'), 0, NULL,
-			    args_has(args, 'E'), args_get(args, 'f'));
-			free(newname);
+			    args_has(args, 'D'), args_has(args, 'X'), 0,
+			    args_get(args, 'c'), args_has(args, 'E'),
+			    args_get(args, 'f'));
+			free(wname);
+			free(sname);
 			return (retval);
 		}
 	}
-	if (newname != NULL && session_find(newname) != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "duplicate session: %s", newname);
+	if (sname != NULL && session_find(sname) != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "duplicate session: %s", sname);
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
@@ -141,12 +152,12 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		else if (groupwith != NULL)
 			prefix = xstrdup(groupwith->name);
 		else {
-			prefix = session_check_name(group);
-			if (prefix == NULL) {
-				cmdq_error(item, "invalid session group: %s",
-				    group);
+			if (!check_name(group)) {
+				cmdq_error(item,
+				    "invalid session group name: %s", group);
 				goto fail;
 			}
+			prefix = clean_name(group, 0);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -275,7 +286,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		environ_put(env, av->string, 0);
 		av = args_next_value(av);
 	}
-	s = session_create(prefix, newname, cwd, env, oo, tiop);
+	s = session_create(prefix, sname, cwd, env, oo, tiop);
 
 	/* Spawn the initial window. */
 	sc.item = item;
@@ -283,7 +294,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (!detached)
 		sc.tc = c;
 
-	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
+	sc.name = wname;
 	args_to_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 
 	sc.idx = -1;
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		session_group_synchronize_to(s);
 		session_select(s, RB_MIN(winlinks, &s->windows)->idx);
 	}
-	notify_session("session-created", s);
+	events_fire_session("session-created", s);
 
 	/*
 	 * Set the client to the new session. If a command client exists, it is
@@ -356,7 +367,8 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
-	free(newname);
+	free(wname);
+	free(sname);
 	free(prefix);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
@@ -364,7 +376,8 @@ fail:
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
-	free(newname);
+	free(wname);
+	free(sname);
 	free(prefix);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-new-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-window.c,v 1.103 2026/07/08 08:07:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,8 +38,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_window_entry = {
 	.name = "new-window",
 	.alias = "neww",
 
-	.args = { "abc:de:F:kn:PSt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-abdkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] "
+	.args = { "abc:de:EF:kn:PSt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-abdEkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] "
 		 "[-n window-name] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE
 		 " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
@@ -60,19 +60,36 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *new_wl = NULL;
-	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *expanded;
+	int			 idx = target->idx, before, count = args_count(args);
+	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *expanded, *wname = NULL;
 	const char		*template, *name;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	struct args_value	*av;
 
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') &&
+	    count != 0 &&
+	    (count != 1 || *args_string(args, 0) != '\0')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "command cannot be given for empty pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If -S and -n are given and -t is not and a single window with this
 	 * name already exists, select it.
 	 */
 	name = args_get(args, 'n');
-	if (args_has(args, 'S') && name != NULL && target->idx == -1) {
+	if (name != NULL) {
 		expanded = format_single(item, name, c, s, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(expanded)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", expanded);
+			free(expanded);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		wname = clean_name(expanded, 0);
+		free(expanded);
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'S') && wname != NULL && target->idx == -1) {
+		expanded = format_single(item, wname, c, s, NULL, NULL);
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
 			if (strcmp(wl->window->name, expanded) != 0)
 				continue;
@@ -80,12 +97,14 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				new_wl = wl;
 				continue;
 			}
-			cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s", name);
+			cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s", wname);
+			free(wname);
 			free(expanded);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 		free(expanded);
 		if (new_wl != NULL) {
+			free(wname);
 			if (args_has(args, 'd'))
 				return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 			if (session_set_current(s, new_wl) == 0)
@@ -108,7 +127,7 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.s = s;
 	sc.tc = tc;
 
-	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
+	sc.name = wname;
 	args_to_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 	sc.environ = environ_create();
 
@@ -122,6 +141,8 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = 0;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') || (count == 1 && *args_string(args, 0) == '\0'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
@@ -130,10 +151,7 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if ((new_wl = spawn_window(&sc, &cause)) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "create window failed: %s", cause);
 		free(cause);
-		if (sc.argv != NULL)
-			cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-		environ_free(sc.environ);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	if (!args_has(args, 'd') || new_wl == s->curw) {
 		cmd_find_from_winlink(current, new_wl, 0);
@@ -156,5 +174,13 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	free(wname);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
+	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	free(wname);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-paste-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-paste-buffer.c,v 1.44 2026/03/04 07:19:32 tb Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_paste_buffer_entry = {
 	.name = "paste-buffer",
 	.alias = "pasteb",
 
-	.args = { "db:prs:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-dpr] [-s separator] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " "
+	.args = { "db:prSs:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-dprS] [-s separator] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " "
 		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -43,6 +43,17 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_paste_buffer_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_paste_buffer_exec
 };
 
+static void
+cmd_paste_buffer_paste(struct window_pane *wp, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	char	*cp;
+	size_t	 n;
+
+	n = utf8_stravisx(&cp, buf, len, VIS_SAFE|VIS_NOSLASH);
+	bufferevent_write(wp->event, cp, n);
+	free(cp);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -51,7 +62,7 @@ cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
 	const char		*sepstr, *bufname, *bufdata, *bufend, *line;
-	size_t			 seplen, bufsize;
+	size_t			 seplen, bufsize, len;
 	int			 bracket = args_has(args, 'p');
 
 	if (window_pane_exited(wp)) {
@@ -93,14 +104,22 @@ cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			line = memchr(bufdata, '\n', bufend - bufdata);
 			if (line == NULL)
 				break;
-
-			bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, line - bufdata);
+			len = line - bufdata;
+			if (args_has(args, 'S'))
+				bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, len);
+			else
+				cmd_paste_buffer_paste(wp, bufdata, len);
 			bufferevent_write(wp->event, sepstr, seplen);
 
 			bufdata = line + 1;
 		}
-		if (bufdata != bufend)
-			bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, bufend - bufdata);
+		if (bufdata != bufend) {
+			len = bufend - bufdata;
+			if (args_has(args, 'S'))
+				bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, len);
+			else
+				cmd_paste_buffer_paste(wp, bufdata, len);
+		}
 
 		if (bracket && (wp->screen->mode & MODE_BRACKETPASTE))
 			bufferevent_write(wp->event, "\033[201~", 6);

cmd-pipe-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-pipe-pane.c,v 1.64 2026/07/27 14:25:46 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -123,11 +123,13 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	/* Fork the child. */
 	sigfillset(&set);
 	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oldset);
-	switch (fork()) {
+	switch ((wp->pipe_pid = fork())) {
 	case -1:
 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
 		cmdq_error(item, "fork error: %s", strerror(errno));
 
+		close(pipe_fd[0]);
+		close(pipe_fd[1]);
 		free(cmd);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	case 0:
@@ -136,6 +138,9 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
 		close(pipe_fd[0]);
 
+		if (setpgid(0, 0) == -1)
+			_exit(1);
+
 		null_fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY);
 		if (out) {
 			if (dup2(pipe_fd[1], STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
@@ -189,9 +194,13 @@ static void
 cmd_pipe_pane_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp = data;
-	struct evbuffer		*evb = wp->pipe_event->input;
+	struct evbuffer		*evb;
 	size_t			 available;
 
+	if (wp->pipe_event == NULL)
+		return;
+	evb = wp->pipe_event->input;
+
 	available = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb);
 	log_debug("%%%u pipe read %zu", wp->id, available);
 

cmd-queue.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-queue.c,v 1.123 2026/08/24 20:34:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 enum cmdq_type {
 	CMDQ_COMMAND,
 	CMDQ_CALLBACK,
+	CMDQ_INVOKE,
 };
 
 /* Command queue item. */
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ struct cmdq_item {
 	struct client		*target_client;
 
 	enum cmdq_type		 type;
-	u_int			 group;
 
 	u_int			 number;
 	time_t			 time;
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ struct cmdq_item {
 	struct cmd_find_state	 source;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 target;
 
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
 	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	struct cmd_invoke_state	*invoke_state;
 
 	cmdq_cb			 cb;
 	void			*data;
@@ -147,6 +147,13 @@ cmdq_get_name(struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (item->name);
 }
 
+/* Get item command. */
+struct cmd *
+cmdq_get_cmd(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	return (item->cmd);
+}
+
 /* Get item client. */
 struct client *
 cmdq_get_client(struct cmdq_item *item)
@@ -350,74 +357,53 @@ cmdq_insert_after(struct cmdq_item *after, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 /* Insert a hook. */
 void
-cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
+cmdq_insert_hook(__unused struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct cmd_find_state *current, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	struct cmdq_state		*state = item->state;
 	struct cmd			*cmd = item->cmd;
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(cmd);
 	struct args_entry		*ae;
 	struct args_value		*av;
-	struct options			*oo;
+	struct event_payload		*ep;
 	va_list				 ap;
 	char				*name, tmp[32], flag, *arguments;
 	u_int				 i;
 	const char			*value;
-	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
-	struct cmdq_state		*new_state;
-	struct options_entry		*o;
-	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
 
 	if (item->state->flags & CMDQ_STATE_NOHOOKS)
 		return;
-	if (s == NULL)
-		oo = global_s_options;
-	else
-		oo = s->options;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	xvasprintf(&name, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
-	o = options_get(oo, name);
-	if (o == NULL) {
-		free(name);
-		return;
-	}
-	log_debug("running hook %s (parent %p)", name, item);
-
-	/*
-	 * The hooks get a new state because they should not update the current
-	 * target or formats for any subsequent commands.
-	 */
-	new_state = cmdq_new_state(current, &state->event, CMDQ_STATE_NOHOOKS);
-	cmdq_add_format(new_state, "hook", "%s", name);
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	if (current != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_target(ep, current);
+	event_payload_set_pointer(ep, "_cmdq_item", item, NULL, NULL);
 
 	arguments = args_print(args);
-	cmdq_add_format(new_state, "hook_arguments", "%s", arguments);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "arguments", "%s", arguments);
 	free(arguments);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < args_count(args); i++) {
-		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_argument_%d", i);
-		cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", args_string(args, i));
+		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "argument_%u", i);
+		event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", args_string(args, i));
 	}
 	flag = args_first(args, &ae);
 	while (flag != 0) {
 		value = args_get(args, flag);
-		if (value == NULL) {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c", flag);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "1");
-		} else {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c", flag);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", value);
-		}
+		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "flag_%c", flag);
+		if (value == NULL)
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "1");
+		else
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", value);
 
 		i = 0;
 		av = args_first_value(args, flag);
 		while (av != NULL) {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c_%d", flag, i);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", av->string);
+			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "flag_%c_%u", flag, i);
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", av->string);
 			i++;
 			av = args_next_value(av);
 		}
@@ -425,20 +411,7 @@ cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		flag = args_next(&ae);
 	}
 
-	a = options_array_first(o);
-	while (a != NULL) {
-		cmdlist = options_array_item_value(a)->cmdlist;
-		if (cmdlist != NULL) {
-			new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, new_state);
-			if (item != NULL)
-				item = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-			else
-				item = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item);
-		}
-		a = options_array_next(a);
-	}
-
-	cmdq_free_state(new_state);
+	events_fire(name, ep);
 	free(name);
 }
 
@@ -455,8 +428,10 @@ cmdq_remove(struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	if (item->client != NULL)
 		server_client_unref(item->client);
-	if (item->cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(item->cmdlist);
+	if (item->cmd != NULL)
+		cmd_free(item->cmd);
+	if (item->invoke_state != NULL)
+		cmd_invoke_state_free(item->invoke_state);
 	cmdq_free_state(item->state);
 
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&item->queue->list, item, entry);
@@ -465,75 +440,46 @@ cmdq_remove(struct cmdq_item *item)
 	free(item);
 }
 
-/* Remove all subsequent items that match this item's group. */
-static void
-cmdq_remove_group(struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct cmdq_item	*this, *next;
-
-	if (item->group == 0)
-		return;
-	this = TAILQ_NEXT(item, entry);
-	while (this != NULL) {
-		next = TAILQ_NEXT(this, entry);
-		if (this->group == item->group)
-			cmdq_remove(this);
-		this = next;
-	}
-}
-
-/* Empty command callback. */
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmdq_empty_command(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
-{
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-/* Get a command for the command queue. */
+/* Get a single command for command queue with invoke state. */
 struct cmdq_item *
-cmdq_get_command(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmdq_state *state)
+cmdq_get_one_command(struct cmd *cmd, struct cmdq_state *state,
+    struct cmd_invoke_state *invoke_state)
 {
-	struct cmdq_item	*item, *first = NULL, *last = NULL;
-	struct cmd		*cmd;
-	const struct cmd_entry	*entry;
-	int			 created = 0;
-
-	if ((cmd = cmd_list_first(cmdlist)) == NULL)
-		return (cmdq_get_callback(cmdq_empty_command, NULL));
-
-	if (state == NULL) {
-		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
-		created = 1;
-	}
-
-	while (cmd != NULL) {
-		entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
 
 	item = xcalloc(1, sizeof *item);
 	xasprintf(&item->name, "[%s/%p]", entry->name, item);
 	item->type = CMDQ_COMMAND;
-
-		item->group = cmd_get_group(cmd);
-		item->state = cmdq_link_state(state);
-
-		item->cmdlist = cmdlist;
 	item->cmd = cmd;
 
-		cmdlist->references++;
-		log_debug("%s: %s group %u", __func__, item->name, item->group);
+	if (state == NULL)
+		item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
+	else
+		item->state = cmdq_link_state(state);
 
-		if (first == NULL)
-			first = item;
-		if (last != NULL)
-			last->next = item;
-		last = item;
+	if (invoke_state != NULL)
+		item->invoke_state = cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(invoke_state);
 
-		cmd = cmd_list_next(cmd);
-	}
+	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, item->name);
+	return (item);
+}
 
-	if (created)
-		cmdq_free_state(state);
-	return (first);
+/* Get an invoke continuation for command queue. */
+struct cmdq_item *
+cmdq_get_invoke(struct cmd_invoke_state *invoke_state, struct cmdq_state *state)
+{
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+
+	item = xcalloc(1, sizeof *item);
+	xasprintf(&item->name, "[invoke/%p]", item);
+	item->type = CMDQ_INVOKE;
+	if (state == NULL)
+		item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
+	else
+		item->state = cmdq_link_state(state);
+	item->invoke_state = cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(invoke_state);
+	return (item);
 }
 
 /* Fill in flag for a command. */
@@ -611,7 +557,7 @@ cmdq_fire_command(struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cmdq_add_message(item);
 	if (log_get_level() > 1) {
 		tmp = cmd_print(cmd);
-		log_debug("%s %s: (%u) %s", __func__, name, item->group, tmp);
+		log_debug("%s %s: %s", __func__, name, tmp);
 		free(tmp);
 	}
 
@@ -690,7 +636,6 @@ cmdq_get_callback1(const char *name, cmdq_cb cb, void *data)
 	xasprintf(&item->name, "[%s/%p]", name, item);
 	item->type = CMDQ_CALLBACK;
 
-	item->group = 0;
 	item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 
 	item->cb = cb;
@@ -772,17 +717,16 @@ cmdq_next(struct client *c)
 			switch (item->type) {
 			case CMDQ_COMMAND:
 				retval = cmdq_fire_command(item);
+				if (item->invoke_state != NULL)
+					cmd_invoke_result(item->invoke_state, retval);
 
-				/*
-				 * If a command returns an error, remove any
-				 * subsequent commands in the same group.
-				 */
-				if (retval == CMD_RETURN_ERROR)
-					cmdq_remove_group(item);
 				break;
 			case CMDQ_CALLBACK:
 				retval = cmdq_fire_callback(item);
 				break;
+			case CMDQ_INVOKE:
+				retval = cmd_invoke_fire(item, item->invoke_state);
+				break;
 			default:
 				retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 				break;
@@ -829,7 +773,7 @@ cmdq_guard(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *guard, int flags)
 	u_int		 number = item->number;
 
 	if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
-		control_write(c, "%%%s %ld %u %d", guard, t, number, flags);
+		control_write_guard(c, guard, t, number, flags);
 }
 
 /* Show message from command. */
@@ -877,7 +821,18 @@ cmdq_error(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt, ...)
 
 	if (c == NULL) {
 		cmd_get_source(cmd, &file, &line);
+		if (!cfg_finished) {
+			if (file != NULL)
 				cfg_add_cause("%s:%u: %s", file, line, msg);
+			else
+				cfg_add_cause("%s", msg);
+		} else {
+			if (file != NULL) {
+				server_add_message("message: %s:%u: %s", file,
+				    line, msg);
+			} else
+				server_add_message("message: %s", msg);
+		}
 	} else if (c->session == NULL || (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
 		server_add_message("%s message: %s", c->name, msg);
 		if (~c->flags & CLIENT_UTF8) {

cmd-refresh-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-refresh-client.c,v 1.55 2026/07/17 08:37:29 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_refresh_client_entry = {
 	.name = "refresh-client",
 	.alias = "refresh",
 
-	.args = { "A:B:cC:Df:r:F:l::LRSt:U", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.args = { "A:B:cC:Df:r:F:lLRSt:U", 0, 1, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-cDlLRSU] [-A pane:state] [-B name:what:format] "
 		 "[-C XxY] [-f flags] [-r pane:report] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
 		 " [adjustment]",
@@ -46,36 +46,17 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_refresh_client_entry = {
 static void
 cmd_refresh_client_update_subscription(struct client *tc, const char *value)
 {
-	char			*copy, *split, *name, *what;
-	enum control_sub_type	 subtype;
-	int			 subid = -1;
+	char			*name, *format;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	int			 id;
 
-	copy = name = xstrdup(value);
-	if ((split = strchr(copy, ':')) == NULL) {
-		control_remove_sub(tc, copy);
-		goto out;
+	if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0) {
+		control_remove_sub(tc, value);
+		return;
 	}
-	*split++ = '\0';
-
-	what = split;
-	if ((split = strchr(what, ':')) == NULL)
-		goto out;
-	*split++ = '\0';
-
-	if (strcmp(what, "%*") == 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_ALL_PANES;
-	else if (sscanf(what, "%%%d", &subid) == 1 && subid >= 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_PANE;
-	else if (strcmp(what, "@*") == 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_ALL_WINDOWS;
-	else if (sscanf(what, "@%d", &subid) == 1 && subid >= 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_WINDOW;
-	else
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_SESSION;
-	control_add_sub(tc, name, subtype, subid, split);
-
-out:
-	free(copy);
+	control_add_sub(tc, name, type, id, format);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -85,7 +66,6 @@ cmd_refresh_client_control_client_size(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	const char		*size = args_get(args, 'C');
 	u_int			 w, x, y;
-	struct client_window	*cw;
 
 	if (sscanf(size, "@%u:%ux%u", &w, &x, &y) == 3) {
 		if (x < WINDOW_MINIMUM || x > WINDOW_MAXIMUM ||
@@ -95,22 +75,16 @@ cmd_refresh_client_control_client_size(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 		log_debug("%s: client %s window @%u: size %ux%u", __func__,
 		    tc->name, w, x, y);
-		cw = server_client_add_client_window(tc, w);
-		cw->sx = x;
-		cw->sy = y;
+		control_set_window_size(tc, w, x, y);
 		tc->flags |= CLIENT_WINDOWSIZECHANGED;
 		recalculate_sizes_now(1);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	if (sscanf(size, "@%u:", &w) == 1) {
-		cw = server_client_get_client_window(tc, w);
-		if (cw != NULL) {
 		log_debug("%s: client %s window @%u: no size", __func__,
 		    tc->name, w);
-			cw->sx = 0;
-			cw->sy = 0;
+		control_clear_window_size(tc, w);
 		recalculate_sizes_now(1);
-		}
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -163,42 +137,12 @@ out:
 	free(copy);
 }
 
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_refresh_client_clipboard(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	const char		*p;
-	u_int			 i;
-	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
-
-	p = args_get(args, 'l');
-	if (p == NULL) {
-		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_CLIPBOARDBUFFER)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		tc->flags |= CLIENT_CLIPBOARDBUFFER;
-	} else {
-		if (cmd_find_target(&fs, item, p, CMD_FIND_PANE, 0) != 0)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		for (i = 0; i < tc->clipboard_npanes; i++) {
-			if (tc->clipboard_panes[i] == fs.wp->id)
-				break;
-		}
-		if (i != tc->clipboard_npanes)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		tc->clipboard_panes = xreallocarray(tc->clipboard_panes,
-		    tc->clipboard_npanes + 1, sizeof *tc->clipboard_panes);
-		tc->clipboard_panes[tc->clipboard_npanes++] = fs.wp->id;
-	}
-	tty_clipboard_query(&tc->tty);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
 static void
 cmd_refresh_report(struct tty *tty, const char *value)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	u_int			 pane;
+	int			 fg, bg;
 	size_t			 size = 0;
 	char			*copy, *split;
 
@@ -215,8 +159,14 @@ cmd_refresh_report(struct tty *tty, const char *value)
 	if (wp == NULL)
 		goto out;
 
-	tty_keys_colours(tty, split, strlen(split), &size, &wp->control_fg,
-	    &wp->control_bg);
+	fg = wp->control_fg;
+	bg = wp->control_bg;
+	if (tty_keys_colours(tty, split, strlen(split), &size, &fg, &bg) == 0) {
+		if (bg != wp->control_bg)
+			wp->flags |= PANE_THEMECHANGED;
+		wp->control_fg = fg;
+	        wp->control_bg = bg;
+	}
 
 out:
 	free(copy);
@@ -284,8 +234,10 @@ cmd_refresh_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
-		return (cmd_refresh_client_clipboard(self, item));
+	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
+		tty_clipboard_query(&tc->tty);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'F')) /* -F is an alias for -f */
 		server_client_set_flags(tc, args_get(args, 'F'));

cmd-rename-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rename-session.c,v 1.39 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -49,15 +49,17 @@ cmd_rename_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	char			*newname, *tmp;
 
 	tmp = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
-	newname = session_check_name(tmp);
-	if (newname == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "invalid session: %s", tmp);
+	if (!check_name(tmp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid session name: %s", tmp);
 		free(tmp);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
+	newname = clean_name(tmp, 0);
 	free(tmp);
 	if (strcmp(newname, s->name) == 0) {
 		free(newname);
@@ -69,13 +71,20 @@ cmd_rename_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	cmd_find_from_session(&fs, s, 0);
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+	event_payload_set_session(ep, "session", s);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "old_name", "%s", s->name);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_name", "%s", newname);
+
 	RB_REMOVE(sessions, &sessions, s);
 	free(s->name);
 	s->name = newname;
 	RB_INSERT(sessions, &sessions, s);
 
 	server_status_session(s);
-	notify_session("session-renamed", s);
+	events_fire("session-renamed", ep);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-rename-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rename-window.c,v 1.30 2026/06/29 18:17:28 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -48,15 +48,21 @@ cmd_rename_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
-	char			*newname;
+	char			*name;
 
-	newname = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
-	window_set_name(wl->window, newname);
+	name = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
+	if (!check_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", name);
+		free(name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	window_set_name(wl->window, name, 0);
 	options_set_number(wl->window->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
+	free(name);
 
 	server_redraw_window_borders(wl->window);
 	server_status_window(wl->window);
-	free(newname);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-resize-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-pane.c,v 1.68 2026/08/31 07:44:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -29,16 +30,20 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static void	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct client *,
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct cmd *,
+			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(
+			    struct client *, struct mouse_event *);
+static void		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(struct client *,
 			    struct mouse_event *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_resize_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "resize-pane",
 	.alias = "resizep",
 
-	.args = { "DLMRTt:Ux:y:Z", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-DLMRTUZ] [-x width] [-y height] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
-		 "[adjustment]",
+	.args = { "D::L::MR::Tt:U::x:y:Z", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-MTZ] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] [-U lines] "
+		 "[-x width] [-y height] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -51,23 +56,23 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
-	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	const char	       	*errstr;
-	char			*cause;
-	u_int			 adjust;
-	int			 x, y, status;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	enum layout_type	 type;
+	const char		*errstr, *argval;
+	const char		 flags[4] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
+	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
+	int			 adjust, x, y, status, opposite = 0;
+	long unsigned		 i;
 	struct grid		*gd = wp->base.grid;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
 		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wp->modes))
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		adjust = screen_size_y(&wp->base) - 1 - wp->base.cy;
-		if (adjust > gd->hsize)
+		if (adjust > (int)gd->hsize)
 			adjust = gd->hsize;
 		grid_remove_history(gd, adjust);
 		wp->base.cy += adjust;
@@ -75,15 +80,8 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'M')) {
-		if (!event->m.valid || cmd_mouse_window(&event->m, &s) == NULL)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		if (c == NULL || c->session != s)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update;
-		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(c, &event->m);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'M'))
+		return (cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(self, item));
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'Z')) {
 		if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
@@ -94,34 +92,33 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	server_unzoom_window(w);
-
-	if (args_count(args) == 0)
-		adjust = 1;
-	else {
-		adjust = strtonum(args_string(args, 0), 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-		if (errstr != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", errstr);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	}
+	lc = wp->layout_cell; /* may have been replaced by unzoom */
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'x')) {
-		x = args_percentage(args, 'x', 0, INT_MAX, w->sx, &cause);
+		x = args_percentage(args, 'x', 0, PANE_MAXIMUM, w->sx, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT,
+			    x, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else
 			layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, x);
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'y')) {
-		y = args_percentage(args, 'y', 0, INT_MAX, w->sy, &cause);
+		y = args_percentage(args, 'y', 0, PANE_MAXIMUM, w->sy, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+		status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 		switch (status) {
 		case PANE_STATUS_TOP:
 			if (y != INT_MAX && wp->yoff == 1)
@@ -132,24 +129,231 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				y++;
 			break;
 		}
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM,
+			    y, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else
 			layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, y);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'L'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, -adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'R'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'U'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, -adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'D'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, adjust, 1);
-	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(flags); i++) {
+		flag = flags[i];
+		if (!args_has(args, flag))
+			continue;
+
+		argval = args_get(args, flag);
+		if (argval == NULL) {
+			if (args_count(args) == 0)
+				argval = "1";
+			else
+				argval = args_string(args, 0);
+		}
+
+		adjust = strtonum(argval, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", errstr);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
+		if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'R')
+			type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
+
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'U')
+				opposite = 1;
+
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane(wp, type, adjust,
+			    opposite, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'U')
+				adjust = -adjust;
+			layout_resize_pane(wp, type, adjust, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (lc->parent != NULL)
+		layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(__unused struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+
+	if (!event->m.valid)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&event->m, &s, NULL);
+	if (wp == NULL || c == NULL || c->session != s)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled;
+		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(c, &event->m);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
+
+	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
+	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+
+	c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating;
+	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(c, &event->m);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Resizes or moves the pane by dragging. Resize a floating pane by dragging
+ * the borders or corners. Grabbing an edge only resizes that axis (special
+ * case). Moves the pane if dragging the top border. Since characters are
+ * generally rectangular, to make it easier to grab the corner, the character
+ * next to the corner is also considered the corner.
+ */
 static void
-cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(struct client *c,
+    struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	int			 y, ly, x, lx, sx, sy, new_sx, new_sy;
+	int			 left, right;
+	int			 new_xoff, new_yoff, resizes = 0;
+
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wl->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	sx = wp->sx;
+	sy = wp->sy;
+	left = wp->xoff - 1;
+	right = wp->xoff + sx;
+	if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp) &&
+	    w->sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_LEFT) {
+		left -= wp->scrollbar_style.width + wp->scrollbar_style.pad;
+	} else if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp) &&
+	    w->sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_RIGHT) {
+		right += wp->scrollbar_style.width + wp->scrollbar_style.pad;
+	}
+
+	y = m->y + m->oy; x = m->x + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+	ly = m->ly + m->oy; lx = m->lx + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && ly >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		ly -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && ly >= m->statusat)
+		ly = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	if ((lx == left || lx == left + 1) && ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top left corner. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = lc->g.sy + (ly - y);
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_xoff = x + 1; /* because mouse is on border at xoff - 1 */
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, new_xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == right + 1 || lx == right) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top right corner. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = lc->g.sy + (ly - y);
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == left || lx == left + 1) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom left corner. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		new_xoff = x + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, new_xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == right + 1 || lx == right) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom right corner. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (lx == right) {
+		/* Right border. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, lc->g.sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (lx == left) {
+		/* Left border. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		new_xoff = x + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, lc->g.sy, new_xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom border. */
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		layout_set_size(lc, lc->g.sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top border (move instead of resize). */
+		new_xoff = lc->g.xoff + (x - lx);
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, lc->g.sx, lc->g.sy, new_xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	}
+	if (resizes != 0) {
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 {
 	struct winlink		*wl;
 	struct window		*w;

cmd-resize-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-window.c,v 1.10 2023/06/30 13:19:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2018 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-respawn-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-respawn-pane.c,v 1.40 2026/07/03 16:09:49 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_respawn_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "respawn-pane",
 	.alias = "respawnp",
 
-	.args = { "c:e:kt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+	.args = { "c:e:Ekt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Ek] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
 		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ cmd_respawn_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = SPAWN_RESPAWN;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_KILL;
 

cmd-respawn-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-respawn-window.c,v 1.51 2026/07/03 16:09:49 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_respawn_window_entry = {
 	.name = "respawn-window",
 	.alias = "respawnw",
 
-	.args = { "c:e:kt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+	.args = { "c:e:Ekt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Ek] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
 		 CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ cmd_respawn_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = SPAWN_RESPAWN;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_KILL;
 

cmd-rotate-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rotate-window.c,v 1.34 2026/06/22 08:47:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ cmd_rotate_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
 	cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);
 	window_pop_zoom(w);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
 	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-run-shell.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-run-shell.c,v 1.94 2026/08/25 06:04:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_run_shell_entry = {
 	.name = "run-shell",
 	.alias = "run",
 
-	.args = { "bd:Ct:Es:c:", 0, 1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
+	.args = { "bd:Ct:Es:c:", 0, -1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
 	.usage = "[-bCE] [-c start-directory] [-d delay] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
-	         " [shell-command]",
+	         " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_run_shell_entry = {
 struct cmd_run_shell_data {
 	struct client		*client;
 	char			*cmd;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	char			*cwd;
 	struct cmdq_item	*item;
 	struct session		*s;
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ cmd_run_shell_print(struct job *job, const char *msg)
 			cmdq_print(cdata->item, "%s", msg);
 			return;
 		}
-		if (cdata->item != NULL && cdata->client != NULL)
-			wp = server_client_get_pane(cdata->client);
+		if (cdata->client != NULL && cdata->client->session != NULL)
+			wp = cdata->client->session->curw->window->active;
 		if (wp == NULL && cmd_find_from_nothing(&fs, 0) == 0)
 			wp = fs.wp;
 		if (wp == NULL)
@@ -100,7 +100,8 @@ cmd_run_shell_print(struct job *job, const char *msg)
 
 	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_view_mode)
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 	window_copy_add(wp, 1, "%s", msg);
 }
 
@@ -115,9 +116,11 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session			*s = target->s;
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	const char			*delay, *cmd;
+	struct format_tree		*ft;
 	double				 d;
 	struct timeval			 tv;
-	char				*end;
+	char				*end, key[16], *cause = NULL;
+	u_int				 i;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
 	if ((delay = args_get(args, 'd')) != NULL) {
@@ -126,17 +129,31 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid delay time: %s", delay);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-	} else if (args_count(args) == 0)
+	} else {
+		if (args_count(args) == 0)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	if (!args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		cmd = args_string(args, 0);
-		if (cmd != NULL)
-			cdata->cmd = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
+		if (cmd != NULL) {
+			ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+			for (i = 1; i < args_count(args); i++) {
+				xsnprintf(key, sizeof key, "%u", i);
+				format_add(ft, key, "%s", args_string(args, i));
+			}
+			cdata->cmd = format_expand(ft, cmd);
+			format_free(ft);
+		}
 	} else {
-		cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, NULL,
-		    wait, 1);
+		cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL, 1, &cause);
+		if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			cmd_run_shell_free(cdata);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 't') && wp != NULL)
@@ -153,6 +170,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		cdata->client->references++;
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'c'))
 		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'c'));
 	else
@@ -161,18 +179,20 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
 		cdata->flags |= JOB_SHOWSTDERR;
 
+	if (s != NULL) {
 		cdata->s = s;
-	if (s != NULL)
 		session_add_ref(s, __func__);
+	}
 
 	evtimer_set(&cdata->timer, cmd_run_shell_timer, cdata);
-	if (delay != NULL) {
+	if (delay == NULL)
+		event_active(&cdata->timer, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
+	else {
 		timerclear(&tv);
 		tv.tv_sec = (time_t)d;
 		tv.tv_usec = (d - (double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000000U;
 		evtimer_add(&cdata->timer, &tv);
-	} else
-		event_active(&cdata->timer, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
+	}
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -186,10 +206,9 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 	const char			*cmd = cdata->cmd;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	char				*error;
+	struct cmdq_state		*cs = NULL;
 
-	if (cdata->state == NULL) {
+	if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
 		if (cmd == NULL) {
 			if (cdata->item != NULL)
 				cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
@@ -198,26 +217,27 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 		}
 		if (job_run(cmd, 0, NULL, NULL, cdata->s, cdata->cwd, NULL,
 		    cmd_run_shell_callback, cmd_run_shell_free, cdata,
-		    cdata->flags, -1, -1) == NULL)
+		    cdata->flags, -1, -1) == NULL) {
+			if (cdata->item == NULL)
+				status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0,
+				    "failed to run command: %s", cmd);
+			else {
+				cmdq_error(cdata->item,
+				    "failed to run command: %s", cmd);
+				cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
+			}
 			cmd_run_shell_free(cdata);
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
-			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
-		} else
-			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
+	if (item != NULL)
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+	new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, NULL);
+	if (item == NULL)
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+	else
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-	}
 
 	if (cdata->item != NULL)
 		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
@@ -285,8 +305,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_free(void *data)
 		session_remove_ref(cdata->s, __func__);
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		server_client_unref(cdata->client);
-	if (cdata->state != NULL)
-		args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata->cwd);
 	free(cdata->cmd);
 	free(cdata);

cmd-save-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-save-buffer.c,v 1.57 2025/10/28 07:32:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>

cmd-select-layout.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-layout.c,v 1.43 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ cmd_select_layout_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		previous = 1;
 
 	oldlayout = w->old_layout;
-	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w->layout_root);
+	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w, w->layout_root);
 
 	if (next || previous) {
 		if (next)
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ changed:
 	free(oldlayout);
 	recalculate_sizes();
 	server_redraw_window(w);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 error:

cmd-select-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-pane.c,v 1.78 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -80,6 +80,69 @@ cmd_select_pane_redraw(struct window *w)
 	}
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_select_pane_marked_pane(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *lwp = NULL, *mwp;
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'm') && !window_pane_is_visible(wp))
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (server_check_marked())
+		lwp = marked_pane.wp;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') || server_is_marked(s, wl, wp))
+		server_clear_marked();
+	else
+		server_set_marked(s, wl, wp);
+	mwp = marked_pane.wp;
+
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	if (mwp != NULL)
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, mwp, 0);
+	else if (lwp != NULL)
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, lwp, 0);
+	else
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, wp, 0);
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+	if (mwp != NULL) {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", mwp);
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "new_pane", mwp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", mwp->window);
+	} else if (lwp != NULL) {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", lwp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", lwp->window);
+	} else {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", wp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", wp->window);
+	}
+	if (lwp != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "old_pane", lwp);
+	event_payload_set_int(ep, "marked", mwp != NULL);
+	events_fire("marked-pane-changed", ep);
+
+	if (lwp != NULL) {
+		lwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(lwp->window);
+		server_status_window(lwp->window);
+	}
+	if (mwp != NULL) {
+		mwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(mwp->window);
+		server_status_window(mwp->window);
+	}
+	if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		window_redraw_active_switch(wp->window, wp);
+		window_set_active_pane(wp->window, wp, 1);
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -87,15 +150,17 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*current = cmdq_get_current(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *activewp, *lastwp, *markedwp;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *lastwp;
 	struct options		*oo = wp->options;
 	char			*title;
 	const char		*style;
 	struct options_entry	*o;
+	int			 visible, Zflag = args_has(args, 'Z');
 
 	if (entry == &cmd_last_pane_entry || args_has(args, 'l')) {
 		/*
@@ -103,7 +168,7 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		 * spawned without being visited (for example split-window -d).
 		 */
 		lastwp = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->last_panes);
-		if (lastwp == NULL && window_count_panes(w) == 2) {
+		if (lastwp == NULL && window_count_panes(w, 1) == 2) {
 			lastwp = TAILQ_PREV(w->active, window_panes, entry);
 			if (lastwp == NULL)
 				lastwp = TAILQ_NEXT(w->active, entry);
@@ -121,47 +186,25 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			server_redraw_window_borders(lastwp->window);
 			server_status_window(lastwp->window);
 		} else {
-			if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+			if (w->modal != NULL && lastwp != w->modal)
+				visible = 1;
+			else
+				visible = window_pane_is_visible(lastwp);
+			if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 			window_redraw_active_switch(w, lastwp);
 			if (window_set_active_pane(w, lastwp, 1)) {
 				cmd_find_from_winlink(current, wl, 0);
 				cmd_select_pane_redraw(w);
 			}
-			if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+			if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 		}
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'm') || args_has(args, 'M')) {
-		if (args_has(args, 'm') && !window_pane_visible(wp))
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		if (server_check_marked())
-			lastwp = marked_pane.wp;
-		else
-			lastwp = NULL;
-
-		if (args_has(args, 'M') || server_is_marked(s, wl, wp))
-			server_clear_marked();
-		else
-			server_set_marked(s, wl, wp);
-		markedwp = marked_pane.wp;
-
-		if (lastwp != NULL) {
-			lastwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|
-			    PANE_THEMECHANGED);
-			server_redraw_window_borders(lastwp->window);
-			server_status_window(lastwp->window);
-		}
-		if (markedwp != NULL) {
-			markedwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|
-			    PANE_THEMECHANGED);
-			server_redraw_window_borders(markedwp->window);
-			server_status_window(markedwp->window);
-		}
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'm') || args_has(args, 'M'))
+		return (cmd_select_pane_marked_pane(self, item));
 
 	style = args_get(args, 'P');
 	if (style != NULL) {
@@ -213,8 +256,14 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
-		if (screen_set_title(&wp->base, title)) {
-			notify_pane("pane-title-changed", wp);
+		if (screen_set_title(&wp->base, title, 0)) {
+			ep = event_payload_create();
+			cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, wp, 0);
+			event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+			event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", wp);
+			event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", wp->window);
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_title", "%s", title);
+			events_fire("pane-title-changed", ep);
 			server_redraw_window_borders(wp->window);
 			server_status_window(wp->window);
 		}
@@ -222,22 +271,20 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_ACTIVEPANE))
-		activewp = server_client_get_pane(c);
-	else
-		activewp = w->active;
-	if (wp == activewp)
+	if (wp == w->active)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+	if (w->modal != NULL && wp != w->modal)
+		visible = 1;
+	else
+		visible = window_pane_is_visible(wp);
+	if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
-	if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_ACTIVEPANE))
-		server_client_set_pane(c, wp);
-	else if (window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1))
+	if (window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1))
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, current, "after-select-pane");
 	cmd_select_pane_redraw(w);
-	if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+	if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-select-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-window.c,v 1.30 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-send-keys.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-send-keys.c,v 1.81 2026/06/11 19:13:34 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_send_keys_entry = {
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_CFLAG|CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_CFLAG|CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL|
+		 CMD_READONLY,
 	.exec = cmd_send_keys_exec
 };
 
@@ -69,6 +70,7 @@ cmd_send_keys_inject_key(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
 	struct key_table		*table = NULL;
 	struct key_binding		*bd;
 	struct key_event		*event;
+	struct cmdq_item		*new_after = after;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'K')) {
 		if (tc == NULL)
@@ -76,10 +78,16 @@ cmd_send_keys_inject_key(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
 		event = xcalloc(1, sizeof *event);
 		event->key = key|KEYC_SENT;
 		memset(&event->m, 0, sizeof event->m);
-		if (server_client_handle_key(tc, event) == 0) {
+		if (after == NULL) {
+			if (server_client_handle_key(tc, event) != 0)
+				return (item);
+		} else {
+			if (server_client_handle_key_after(tc, event, after,
+			    &new_after) != 0)
+				return (new_after);
+		}
 		free(event->buf);
 		free(event);
-		}
 		return (item);
 	}
 
@@ -167,6 +175,11 @@ cmd_send_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
 	char				*cause = NULL;
 
+	if (tc != NULL && tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY && !args_has(args, 'X')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
 		np = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'N', 1, UINT_MAX, item,
 			 &cause);
@@ -223,8 +236,10 @@ cmd_send_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (count == 0) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'N') || args_has(args, 'R'))
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		after = args_has(args, 'K') ? item : NULL;
 		for (; np != 0; np--)
-			cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, NULL, args, event->key);
+			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, args,
+			    event->key);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 

cmd-server-access.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-server-access.c,v 1.6 2026/06/09 12:58:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2021 Dallas Lyons <dallasdlyons@gmail.com>
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <grp.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -37,66 +38,71 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_server_access_entry = {
 	.name = "server-access",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "adlrw", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-adlrw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [user]",
+	.args = { "adglrw", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-adglrw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [user|group]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL,
 	.exec = cmd_server_access_exec
 };
 
 static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_server_access_deny(struct cmdq_item *item, struct passwd *pw)
+cmd_server_access_deny(struct cmdq_item *item, id_t id, int flags,
+    const char *type, const char *name)
 {
-	struct client		*loop;
-	struct server_acl_user	*user;
-	uid_t			 uid;
-
-	if ((user = server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid)) == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+	if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
-		uid = proc_get_peer_uid(loop->peer);
-		if (uid == server_acl_get_uid(user)) {
-			loop->exit_message = xstrdup("access not allowed");
-			loop->flags |= CLIENT_EXIT;
-		}
-	}
-	server_acl_user_deny(pw->pw_uid);
-
+	server_acl_deny(id, flags);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_server_access_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-
 	struct args	*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	char		*name;
-	struct passwd	*pw = NULL;
+	char		*arg;
+	const char	*name = NULL, *type;
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+	struct group	*gr;
+	id_t		 id;
+	int		 flags = 0;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
 		server_acl_display(item);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "missing user argument");
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing user or group argument");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	name = format_single(item, args_string(args, 0), c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-	if (*name != '\0')
-		pw = getpwnam(name);
-	if (pw == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown user: %s", name);
+	arg = format_single(item, args_string(args, 0), c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (args_has(args, 'g')) {
+		type = "group";
+		if ((gr = getgrnam(arg)) != NULL) {
+			id = gr->gr_gid;
+			name = gr->gr_name;
+			flags |= SERVER_ACL_IS_GROUP;
+		}
+	} else {
+		type = "user";
+		if ((pw = getpwnam(arg)) != NULL) {
+			id = pw->pw_uid;
+			name = pw->pw_name;
+		}
+	}
+	if (name == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown %s: %s", type, arg);
+		free(arg);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	free(name);
+	free(arg);
 
-	if (pw->pw_uid == 0 || pw->pw_uid == getuid()) {
+	if ((~flags & SERVER_ACL_IS_GROUP) && (id == 0 || id == getuid())) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s owns the server, can't change access",
-		    pw->pw_name);
+		    name);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -110,36 +116,35 @@ cmd_server_access_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
-		return (cmd_server_access_deny(item, pw));
+		return (cmd_server_access_deny(item, id, flags, type, name));
 	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s is already added",
-			    pw->pw_name);
+		if (server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s is already added", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_allow(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_allow(id, flags);
 		/* Do not return - allow -r or -w with -a. */
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'r') || args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		/* -r or -w implies -a if user does not exist. */
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL)
-			server_acl_user_allow(pw->pw_uid);
+		/* -r or -w implies -a if the entry does not exist. */
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags))
+			server_acl_allow(id, flags);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_allow_write(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_allow_write(id, flags);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'r')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_deny_write(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_deny_write(id, flags);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 

cmd-set-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-buffer.c,v 1.38 2026/08/24 07:05:23 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -57,30 +57,30 @@ cmd_set_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
-	char			*bufdata, *cause;
-	const char		*bufname, *olddata;
-	size_t			 bufsize, newsize;
+	struct paste_buffer	*pb = NULL;
+	char			*bufname = NULL, *bufdata = NULL, *cause = NULL;
+	const char		*olddata;
+	size_t			 bufsize = 0, newsize;
 
-	bufname = args_get(args, 'b');
-	if (bufname == NULL)
-		pb = NULL;
-	else
+	if (args_get(args, 'b') != NULL) {
+		bufname = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'b'));
 		pb = paste_get_name(bufname);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_delete_buffer_entry) {
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			if (bufname != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "unknown buffer: %s", bufname);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+				goto fail;
 			}
 			pb = paste_get_top(&bufname);
 		}
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "no buffer");
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		paste_free(pb);
+		free(bufname);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -88,31 +88,30 @@ cmd_set_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			if (bufname != NULL) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "unknown buffer: %s", bufname);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+				goto fail;
 			}
 			pb = paste_get_top(&bufname);
 		}
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "no buffer");
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		if (paste_rename(bufname, args_get(args, 'n'), &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
+		free(bufname);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_count(args) != 1) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "no data specified");
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
-	if ((newsize = strlen(args_string(args, 0))) == 0)
+	if ((newsize = strlen(args_string(args, 0))) == 0) {
+		free(bufname);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
-	bufsize = 0;
-	bufdata = NULL;
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'a') && pb != NULL) {
 		olddata = paste_buffer_data(pb, &bufsize);
@@ -126,12 +125,17 @@ cmd_set_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (paste_set(bufdata, bufsize, bufname, &cause) != 0) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-		free(bufdata);
-		free(cause);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'w') && tc != NULL)
  		tty_set_selection(&tc->tty, "", bufdata, bufsize);
 
+	free(bufname);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(bufdata);
+	free(bufname);
+	free(cause);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-set-environment.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-environment.c,v 1.29 2025/04/09 06:27:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-set-option.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-option.c,v 1.146 2026/07/10 15:20:06 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_set_option_args_parse(struct args *,
 				    u_int, char **);
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_hook_event_exec(struct cmd *,
+				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(struct cmdq_item *,
+				    struct args *, int);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_option_entry = {
 	.name = "set-option",
@@ -62,8 +66,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_hook_entry = {
 	.name = "set-hook",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "agpRt:uw", 1, 2, cmd_set_option_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-agpRuw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " hook [command]",
+	.args = { "agpERTt:uB:w", 0, 2, cmd_set_option_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-agpERTuw] [-B name:what:format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
+		 "[hook] [command]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -72,14 +77,152 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_hook_entry = {
 };
 
 static enum args_parse_type
-cmd_set_option_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, u_int idx,
+cmd_set_option_args_parse(struct args *args, u_int idx,
     __unused char **cause)
 {
+	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
+		return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
 	if (idx == 1)
 		return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
 	return (ARGS_PARSE_STRING);
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_set_hook_event_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct client		*c;
+	char			*argument;
+
+	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing argument");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (args_count(args) != 1) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "too many arguments");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
+	if (*argument != '@') {
+		cmdq_error(item, "event name must start with @");
+		free(argument);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, target);
+	c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	if (c != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_client(ep, "client", c);
+	if (target->s != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_session(ep, "session", target->s);
+	if (target->w != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", target->w);
+	if (target->wl != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_int(ep, "window_index", target->wl->idx);
+	else if (target->idx != -1)
+		event_payload_set_int(ep, "window_index", target->idx);
+	if (target->wp != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", target->wp);
+	events_fire(argument, ep);
+	free(argument);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, int window)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item), fs;
+	struct options		*oo;
+	struct options_entry	*o;
+	struct session		*s = NULL;
+	char			*cause = NULL, *name = NULL, *format = NULL;
+	char			*expanded = NULL, *newvalue = NULL;
+	const char		*value, *old;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	int			 id, scope, flags = 0;
+
+	if (args_count(args) > 1) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "too many arguments");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	value = args_get(args, 'B');
+	if (args_has(args, 'u')) {
+		if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0)
+			name = xstrdup(value);
+		free(format);
+		format = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid subscription: %s", value);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (*name != '@') {
+		cmdq_error(item, "monitor hook name must start with @");
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	scope = options_scope_from_name(args, window, name, target, &oo,
+	    &cause);
+	if (scope == OPTIONS_TABLE_NONE) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	cmd_find_copy_state(&fs, target);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'u')) {
+		hooks_monitor_remove(oo, name);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (args_count(args) != 0) {
+		value = args_string(args, 0);
+		if (args_has(args, 'F')) {
+			expanded = format_single_from_target(item, value);
+			value = expanded;
+		}
+		o = options_get_only(oo, name);
+		if (!args_has(args, 'o') || o == NULL) {
+			if (args_has(args, 'a') && o != NULL) {
+				old = options_get_string(oo, name);
+				xasprintf(&newvalue, "%s%s", old, value);
+				value = newvalue;
+			}
+			options_set_string(oo, name, 0, "%s", value);
+			options_push_changes(name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oo != global_options &&
+	    oo != global_s_options &&
+	    oo != global_w_options)
+		s = target->s;
+	if (args_has(args, 'T'))
+		flags |= MONITOR_NOTIFY_TRUE;
+	hooks_monitor_add(item, oo, name, type, id, format, flags, &fs, s);
+
+out:
+	free(newvalue);
+	free(expanded);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(newvalue);
+	free(expanded);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -89,26 +232,34 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane		*loop;
 	struct options			*oo;
 	struct options_entry		*parent, *o, *po;
-	char				*name, *argument, *expanded = NULL;
-	char				*cause;
+	char				*name, *argument, *cause;
+	char				*expanded = NULL, *array_key = NULL;
 	const char			*value;
-	int				 window, idx, already, error, ambiguous;
+	int				 window, already, error, ambiguous;
 	int				 scope;
 
 	window = (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_window_option_entry);
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'E'))
+		return (cmd_set_hook_event_exec(self, item));
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'B'))
+		return (cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(item, args, window));
+	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing argument");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	/* Expand argument. */
 	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 
 	/* If set-hook -R, fire the hook straight away. */
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'R')) {
-		notify_hook(item, argument);
+		hooks_run(item, argument);
 		free(argument);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	/* Parse option name and index. */
-	name = options_match(argument, &idx, &ambiguous);
+	/* Parse option name and array key. */
+	name = options_match(argument, &array_key, &ambiguous);
 	if (name == NULL) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
@@ -140,21 +291,23 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	o = options_get_only(oo, name);
 	parent = options_get(oo, name);
 
-	/* Check that array options and indexes match up. */
-	if (idx != -1 && (*name == '@' || !options_is_array(parent))) {
+	/* Check that array options and keys match up. */
+	if (array_key != NULL && (*name == '@' || !options_is_array(parent))) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "not an array: %s", argument);
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
 	/* With -o, check this option is not already set. */
 	if (!args_has(args, 'u') && args_has(args, 'o')) {
-		if (idx == -1)
+		if (array_key == NULL)
 			already = (o != NULL);
 		else {
 			if (o == NULL)
 				already = 0;
+			else if (options_array_get(o, array_key) != NULL)
+				already = 1;
 			else
-				already = (options_array_get(o, idx) != NULL);
+				already = 0;
 		}
 		if (already) {
 			if (args_has(args, 'q'))
@@ -170,7 +323,8 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			po = options_get_only(loop->options, name);
 			if (po == NULL)
 				continue;
-			if (options_remove_or_default(po, idx, &cause) != 0) {
+			if (options_remove_or_default(po, array_key,
+			    &cause) != 0) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 				free(cause);
 				goto fail;
@@ -180,7 +334,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'u') || args_has(args, 'U')) {
 		if (o == NULL)
 			goto out;
-		if (options_remove_or_default(o, idx, &cause) != 0) {
+		if (options_remove_or_default(o, array_key, &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			goto fail;
@@ -191,7 +345,9 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			goto fail;
 		}
 		options_set_string(oo, name, append, "%s", value);
-	} else if (idx == -1 && !options_is_array(parent)) {
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry)
+			hooks_add_event(name);
+	} else if (array_key == NULL && !options_is_array(parent)) {
 		error = options_from_string(oo, options_table_entry(parent),
 		    options_table_entry(parent)->name, value,
 		    args_has(args, 'a'), &cause);
@@ -207,7 +363,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 		if (o == NULL)
 			o = options_empty(oo, options_table_entry(parent));
-		if (idx == -1) {
+		if (array_key == NULL) {
 			if (!append)
 				options_array_clear(o);
 			if (options_array_assign(o, value, &cause) != 0) {
@@ -215,7 +371,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				free(cause);
 				goto fail;
 			}
-		} else if (options_array_set(o, idx, value, append,
+		} else if (options_array_set(o, array_key, value, append,
 		    &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
@@ -229,11 +385,13 @@ out:
 	free(argument);
 	free(expanded);
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
 	free(argument);
 	free(expanded);
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-show-environment.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-environment.c,v 1.29 2025/04/09 06:27:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-show-messages.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-messages.c,v 1.37 2025/11/18 08:37:54 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-show-options.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-options.c,v 1.76 2026/07/27 19:15:58 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,10 +27,23 @@
  * Show options.
  */
 
+#define SHOW_OPTIONS_TEMPLATE						\
+	"#{?option_value_only,"						\
+	"#{option_value},"						\
+	"#{option_name}#{?option_has_array_key,"			\
+	"[#{option_array_key}],}"					\
+	"#{?option_is_parent,*,}"					\
+	"#{?option_has_value, "						\
+	"#{?option_is_string,#{q/a:option_value},#{option_value}},}}"
+#define SHOW_HOOKS_MONITOR_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{option_name}:#{hook_monitor_target}:#{hook_monitor_format}"
+
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 static void		cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
-			    struct options_entry *, int, int);
+			    struct options_entry *, const char *, int);
+static void		cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(struct cmd *,
+			    struct cmdq_item *, struct options_entry *);
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
 			    int, struct options *);
 
@@ -38,8 +51,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_options_entry = {
 	.name = "show-options",
 	.alias = "show",
 
-	.args = { "AgHpqst:vw", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-AgHpqsvw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [option]",
+	.args = { "AgF:Hpqst:vw", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-AgHpqsvw] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [option]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -51,8 +64,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_window_options_entry = {
 	.name = "show-window-options",
 	.alias = "showw",
 
-	.args = { "gvt:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-gv] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [option]",
+	.args = { "F:gvt:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-gv] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [option]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -64,8 +77,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_hooks_entry = {
 	.name = "show-hooks",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "gpt:w", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-gpw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [hook]",
+	.args = { "BF:gpt:w", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Bgpw] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [hook]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -80,7 +93,8 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct options			*oo;
 	char				*argument, *name = NULL, *cause;
-	int				 window, idx, ambiguous, parent, scope;
+	char				*array_key = NULL;
+	int				 window, ambiguous, parent, print_parent, scope;
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 
 	window = (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_window_options_entry);
@@ -95,11 +109,20 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
+		    args_has(args, 'B')) {
+			o = options_first(oo);
+			while (o != NULL) {
+				cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(self, item, o);
+				o = options_next(o);
+			}
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
 		return (cmd_show_options_all(self, item, scope, oo));
 	}
 	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 
-	name = options_match(argument, &idx, &ambiguous);
+	name = options_match(argument, &array_key, &ambiguous);
 	if (name == NULL) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
@@ -124,9 +147,20 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		parent = 1;
 	} else
 		parent = 0;
-	if (o != NULL)
-		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx, parent);
-	else if (*name == '@') {
+	if (o != NULL) {
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
+		    args_has(args, 'B'))
+			cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(self, item, o);
+		else {
+			print_parent = parent;
+			if (array_key == NULL && options_is_array(o) &&
+			    options_array_first(o) == NULL) {
+				print_parent = 0;
+			}
+			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, array_key,
+			    print_parent);
+		}
+	} else if (*name == '@') {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
 		cmdq_error(item, "invalid option: %s", argument);
@@ -135,64 +169,171 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 out:
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	free(argument);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	free(argument);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static void
 cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
-    struct options_entry *o, int idx, int parent)
+    struct options_entry *o, const char *array_key, int parent)
 {
 	struct args			 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct options_array_item	 *a;
+	struct format_tree		 *ft;
 	const char			 *name = options_name(o);
-	char				*value, *tmp = NULL, *escaped;
+	const char			 *template = args_get(args, 'F');
+	char				 *value, *line;
+	struct timeval			  tv = { 0 };
+	u_int				  fire_count;
+	time_t				  fire_time;
+	int				  is_hook = 0, is_user = 0;
+	int				  has_value = 1;
+	const struct options_table_entry *oe = options_table_entry(o);
 
-	if (idx != -1) {
-		xasprintf(&tmp, "%s[%d]", name, idx);
-		name = tmp;
-	} else {
-		if (options_is_array(o)) {
+	if (array_key != NULL)
+		value = options_to_string(o, array_key, 0);
+	else if (options_is_array(o)) {
 		a = options_array_first(o);
-			if (a == NULL) {
-				if (!args_has(args, 'v'))
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s", name);
-				return;
-			}
+		if (a != NULL) {
 			while (a != NULL) {
-				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx,
+				array_key = options_array_item_key(a);
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, array_key,
 				    parent);
 				a = options_array_next(a);
 			}
 			return;
 		}
-	}
+		if (template == NULL && args_has(args, 'v'))
+			return;
+		value = xstrdup("");
+		has_value = 0;
+	} else
+		value = options_to_string(o, NULL, 0);
 
-	value = options_to_string(o, idx, 0);
-	if (args_has(args, 'v'))
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s", value);
-	else if (options_is_string(o)) {
-		escaped = args_escape(value);
-		if (parent)
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, escaped);
-		else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, escaped);
-		free(escaped);
+	if (template == NULL)
+		template = SHOW_OPTIONS_TEMPLATE;
+
+	if (oe != NULL && (oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK))
+		is_hook = 1;
+	else if (oe == NULL)
+		is_user = 1;
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	format_add(ft, "option_name", "%s", name);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value", "%s", value);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value_only", "%d", args_has(args, 'v'));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_parent", "%d", parent);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_array", "%d", options_is_array(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_string", "%d", options_is_string(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_hook", "%d", is_hook);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_user", "%d", is_user);
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_value", "%d", has_value);
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
+		fire_count = options_get_fire_count(o);
+		format_add(ft, "hook_fire_count", "%u", fire_count);
+
+		fire_time = options_get_fire_time(o);
+		if (fire_time != 0) {
+			tv.tv_sec = fire_time;
+			format_add_tv(ft, "hook_fire_time", &tv);
+		}
+	}
+	if (array_key != NULL) {
+		format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", array_key);
+		format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "1");
 	} else {
-		if (parent)
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, value);
-		else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, value);
+		format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", "");
+		format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "0");
 	}
-	free(value);
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	format_free(ft);
 
-	free(tmp);
+	cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+	free(value);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct options_entry *o)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	const char		*template = args_get(args, 'F'), *format;
+	char			*value, *target, *line;
+	struct timeval		 tv = { 0 };
+	u_int			 fire_count;
+	time_t			 fire_time;
+	int			 id;
+
+	value = hooks_monitor_to_string(o);
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (!hooks_monitor_get(o, &type, &id, &format)) {
+		free(value);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (template == NULL)
+		template = SHOW_HOOKS_MONITOR_TEMPLATE;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case MONITOR_SESSION:
+		target = xstrdup("");
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_PANE:
+		xasprintf(&target, "%%%d", id);
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_ALL_PANES:
+		target = xstrdup("%*");
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_WINDOW:
+		xasprintf(&target, "@%d", id);
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_ALL_WINDOWS:
+		target = xstrdup("@*");
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	format_add(ft, "option_name", "%s", options_name(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_value", "%s", value);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value_only", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_parent", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_array", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_string", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_hook", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_user", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_value", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", "");
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "0");
+
+	format_add(ft, "hook_monitor_target", "%s", target);
+	format_add(ft, "hook_monitor_format", "%s", format);
+
+	fire_count = hooks_monitor_get_fire_count(o);
+	format_add(ft, "hook_fire_count", "%u", fire_count);
+
+	fire_time = hooks_monitor_get_fire_time(o);
+	if (fire_time != 0) {
+		tv.tv_sec = fire_time;
+		format_add_tv(ft, "hook_fire_time", &tv);
+	}
+
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	format_free(ft);
+
+	cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+	free(target);
+	free(value);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -202,19 +343,30 @@ cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, int scope,
 	struct args				*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
 	struct options_entry			*o;
-	struct options_array_item		*a;
 	const char				*name;
-	u_int					 idx;
-	int					 parent;
+	int					 parent, is_user_hook;
 
-	if (cmd_get_entry(self) != &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
 	o = options_first(oo);
 	while (o != NULL) {
-			if (options_table_entry(o) == NULL)
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1, 0);
-			o = options_next(o);
+		if (options_table_entry(o) == NULL) {
+			name = options_name(o);
+			is_user_hook = 0;
+			if (*name == '@') {
+				if (hooks_is_event(name) ||
+				    options_get_monitor_data(o) != NULL) {
+					is_user_hook = 1;
 				}
 			}
+			if (cmd_get_entry(self) != &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
+				if (!is_user_hook || args_has(args, 'H')) {
+					cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o,
+					    NULL, 0);
+				}
+			} else if (is_user_hook)
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, NULL, 0);
+		}
+		o = options_next(o);
+	}
 	for (oe = options_table; oe->name != NULL; oe++) {
 		if (~oe->scope & scope)
 			continue;
@@ -237,24 +389,7 @@ cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, int scope,
 		} else
 			parent = 0;
 
-		if (!options_is_array(o))
-			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1, parent);
-		else if ((a = options_array_first(o)) == NULL) {
-			if (!args_has(args, 'v')) {
-				name = options_name(o);
-				if (parent)
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s*", name);
-				else
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s", name);
-			}
-		} else {
-			while (a != NULL) {
-				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx,
-				    parent);
-				a = options_array_next(a);
-			}
-		}
+		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, NULL, parent);
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-show-prompt-history.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-prompt-history.c,v 1.5 2026/06/25 11:39:11 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2021 Anindya Mukherjee <anindya49@hotmail.com>
@@ -55,51 +55,44 @@ cmd_show_prompt_history_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const char		*typestr = args_get(args, 'T');
 	enum prompt_type	 type;
-	u_int			 tidx, hidx;
+	u_int			 t, h;
+	const char		*v;
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_clear_prompt_history_entry) {
 		if (typestr == NULL) {
-			for (tidx = 0; tidx < PROMPT_NTYPES; tidx++) {
-				free(status_prompt_hlist[tidx]);
-				status_prompt_hlist[tidx] = NULL;
-				status_prompt_hsize[tidx] = 0;
-			}
+			for (t = 0; t < PROMPT_NTYPES; t++)
+				prompt_history_clear(t);
 		} else {
-			type = status_prompt_type(typestr);
+			type = prompt_type(typestr);
 			if (type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "invalid type: %s", typestr);
 				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 			}
-			free(status_prompt_hlist[type]);
-			status_prompt_hlist[type] = NULL;
-			status_prompt_hsize[type] = 0;
+			prompt_history_clear(type);
 		}
-
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (typestr == NULL) {
-		for (tidx = 0; tidx < PROMPT_NTYPES; tidx++) {
-			cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n",
-			    status_prompt_type_string(tidx));
-			for (hidx = 0; hidx < status_prompt_hsize[tidx];
-			    hidx++) {
-				cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", hidx + 1,
-				    status_prompt_hlist[tidx][hidx]);
+		for (t = 0; t < PROMPT_NTYPES; t++) {
+			typestr = prompt_type_string(t);
+			cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n", typestr);
+			for (h = 0; h < prompt_history_size(t); h++) {
+				v = prompt_history_get(t, h);
+				cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", h + 1, v);
 			}
 			cmdq_print(item, "%s", "");
 		}
 	} else {
-		type = status_prompt_type(typestr);
+		type = prompt_type(typestr);
 		if (type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid type: %s", typestr);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n",
-		    status_prompt_type_string(type));
-		for (hidx = 0; hidx < status_prompt_hsize[type]; hidx++) {
-			cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", hidx + 1,
-			    status_prompt_hlist[type][hidx]);
+		cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n", prompt_type_string(type));
+		for (h = 0; h < prompt_history_size(type); h++) {
+			v = prompt_history_get(type, h);
+			cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", h + 1, v);
 		}
 		cmdq_print(item, "%s", "");
 	}

cmd-source-file.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-source-file.c,v 1.63 2026/08/18 08:05:05 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -50,6 +50,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_source_file_entry = {
 
 struct cmd_source_file_data {
 	struct cmdq_item	 *item;
+	struct client		 *client;
 	int			  flags;
 
 	struct cmdq_item	 *after;
@@ -60,10 +61,24 @@ struct cmd_source_file_data {
 	u_int			  nfiles;
 };
 
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_source_file_complete_cb(struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
+static void
+cmd_source_file_free_data(struct cmd_source_file_data *cdata)
 {
-	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	u_int	i;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < cdata->nfiles; i++)
+		free(cdata->files[i]);
+	free(cdata->files);
+	if (cdata->client != NULL)
+		server_client_unref(cdata->client);
+	free(cdata);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_source_file_complete_cb(struct cmdq_item *item, void *data)
+{
+	struct cmd_source_file_data	*cdata = data;
+	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 
 	if (c == NULL) {
 		cmd_source_file_depth--;
@@ -74,36 +89,36 @@ cmd_source_file_complete_cb(struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
 	}
 
 	cfg_print_causes(item);
+	cmd_source_file_free_data(cdata);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
 static void
-cmd_source_file_complete(struct client *c, struct cmd_source_file_data *cdata)
+cmd_source_file_complete(struct cmd_source_file_data *cdata)
 {
+	struct client		*c = cdata->client;
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
-	u_int			 i;
 
-	if (cfg_finished) {
+	if (!cfg_finished) {
+		cmd_source_file_free_data(cdata);
+		return;
+	}
+
 	if (cdata->retval == CMD_RETURN_ERROR &&
 	    c != NULL &&
 	    c->session == NULL)
 		c->retval = 1;
-		new_item = cmdq_get_callback(cmd_source_file_complete_cb, NULL);
+	new_item = cmdq_get_callback(cmd_source_file_complete_cb, cdata);
 	cmdq_insert_after(cdata->after, new_item);
-	}
-
-	for (i = 0; i < cdata->nfiles; i++)
-		free(cdata->files[i]);
-	free(cdata->files);
-	free(cdata);
 }
 
 static void
-cmd_source_file_done(struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
-    int closed, struct evbuffer *buffer, void *data)
+cmd_source_file_done(__unused struct client *oc, const char *path,
+    int error, int closed, struct evbuffer *buffer, void *data)
 {
 	struct cmd_source_file_data	*cdata = data;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item;
+	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 	void				*bdata = EVBUFFER_DATA(buffer);
 	size_t				 bsize = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer);
 	u_int				 n;
@@ -116,7 +131,7 @@ cmd_source_file_done(struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 	if (error != 0)
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", strerror(error), path);
 	else if (bsize != 0) {
-		if (load_cfg_from_buffer(bdata, bsize, path, c, cdata->after,
+		if (load_cfg_from_buffer(bdata, bsize, path, cdata->after,
 		    target, cdata->flags, &new_item) < 0)
 			cdata->retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 		else if (new_item != NULL)
@@ -127,7 +142,7 @@ cmd_source_file_done(struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 	if (n < cdata->nfiles)
 		file_read(c, cdata->files[n], cmd_source_file_done, cdata);
 	else {
-		cmd_source_file_complete(c, cdata);
+		cmd_source_file_complete(cdata);
 		cmdq_continue(item);
 	}
 }
@@ -187,6 +202,9 @@ cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	cdata->item = item;
+	cdata->client = c;
+	if (c != NULL)
+		c->references++;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 		cdata->flags |= CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
@@ -249,7 +267,7 @@ cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		file_read(c, cdata->files[0], cmd_source_file_done, cdata);
 		retval = CMD_RETURN_WAIT;
 	} else
-		cmd_source_file_complete(c, cdata);
+		cmd_source_file_complete(cdata);
 
 	free(cwd);
 	return (retval);

cmd-split-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.150 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,22 +27,44 @@
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
- * Split a window (add a new pane).
+ * Create a new pane.
  */
 
 #define SPLIT_WINDOW_TEMPLATE "#{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}"
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *,
-			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *,
+			    struct mouse_event *);
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry = {
+	.name = "new-pane",
+	.alias = "newp",
+
+	.args = { "AbB:Cc:de:EfF:hIkl:KLMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-AbCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
+		 "[-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+		 "[-F format] [-l size] [-m message] [-p percentage] "
+		 "[-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
+		 "[-R inactive-border-style] [-T title] [-x width] [-y height] "
+		 "[-X x-position] [-Y y-position] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
+		 "[shell-command [argument ...]]",
+
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = 0,
+	.exec = cmd_split_window_exec
+};
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_split_window_entry = {
 	.name = "split-window",
 	.alias = "splitw",
 
-	.args = { "bc:de:fF:hIl:p:Pt:vZ", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdefhIPvZ] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
-		 "[-F format] [-l size] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
-		 " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
+	.args = { "bB:c:de:EfF:hIkl:m:p:PR:s:S:t:T:vWZ", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdefhIklPvWZ] [-B border-lines] [-c start-directory] "
+		 "[-e environment] [-F format] [-l size] [-m message] "
+		 "[-p percentage] [-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
+		 "[-R inactive-border-style] [-T title] "
+	         CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -61,65 +83,105 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *new_wp;
-	enum layout_type	 type;
-	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *new_wp = NULL;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = NULL;
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
-	int			 size, flags, input;
-	const char		*template;
-	char			*cause = NULL, *cp;
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	int			 input, empty, is_floating, flags = 0;
+	int			 restore_zoom = 0;
+	const char		*template, *style, *value;
+	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *title;
+	const struct options_table_entry *oe;
 	struct args_value	*av;
-	u_int			 count = args_count(args), curval = 0;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines;
+	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
 
-	type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
-	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
-		type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
+	if (window_active_pane_is_over_zoom(w))
+		restore_zoom = 1;
 
-	/* If the 'p' flag is dropped then this bit can be moved into 'l'. */
-	if (args_has(args, 'l') || args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		if (args_has(args, 'f')) {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				curval = w->sy;
-			else
-				curval = w->sx;
-		} else {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				curval = wp->sy;
-			else
-				curval = wp->sx;
-		}
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_new_pane_entry)
+		is_floating = !args_has(args, 'L');
+	else {
+		if (!window_pane_is_visible(wp))
+			restore_zoom = 0;
+		if (!restore_zoom)
+			window_unzoom(w, 1);
+		is_floating = window_pane_is_floating(wp);
+		flags |= SPAWN_SPLIT;
 	}
 
-	size = -1;
-	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
-		size = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'l', 0, INT_MAX, curval,
-		    item, &cause);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		size = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'p', 0, 100, item,
-		    &cause);
-		if (cause == NULL)
-			size = curval * size / 100;
-	}
-	if (cause != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
-		free(cause);
+	if (args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		if (!is_floating) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "modal pane must be floating");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
+		if (w->modal != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "window already has a modal pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
 
-	window_push_zoom(wp->window, 1, args_has(args, 'Z'));
-	input = (args_has(args, 'I') && count == 0);
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') && is_floating) {
+		if (event == NULL || !event->m.valid || tc == NULL)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
-	flags = 0;
+	if (is_floating)
+		flags |= SPAWN_FLOATING;
+	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_HORIZONTAL;
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_BEFORE;
 	if (args_has(args, 'f'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_FULLSIZE;
+	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
+	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_ZOOM;
+	if (args_has(args, 'O'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_MODAL|SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM;
+	if (is_floating && args_has(args, 'A'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM;
+	if ((w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) && (flags & SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM))
+		restore_zoom = 1;
+
+	input = args_has(args, 'I');
 	if (input || (count == 1 && *args_string(args, 0) == '\0'))
+		empty = 1;
+	else
+		empty = args_has(args, 'E');
+	if (empty &&
+	    count != 0 &&
+	    (count != 1 || *args_string(args, 0) != '\0')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "command cannot be given for empty pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (empty)
 		flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 
-	lc = layout_split_pane(wp, type, size, flags);
-	if (lc == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "no space for new pane");
+	if ((value = args_get(args, 'B')) == NULL)
+		lines = window_get_pane_lines(w);
+	else {
+		oe = options_search("pane-border-lines");
+		lines = options_find_choice(oe, value, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "pane-border-lines %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) {
+		lc = layout_get_floating_cell(item, args, lines, w, wp, flags,
+		    &cause);
+	} else
+		lc = layout_get_tiled_cell(item, args, w, wp, flags, &cause);
+	if (cause != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
+		if (restore_zoom)
+			window_pop_zoom(w);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -141,43 +203,103 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	sc.idx = -1;
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
-
 	sc.flags = flags;
-	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
-		sc.flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
-	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
-		sc.flags |= SPAWN_ZOOM;
 
 	if ((new_wp = spawn_pane(&sc, &cause)) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: %s", cause);
 		free(cause);
-		if (sc.argv != NULL)
-			cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-		environ_free(sc.environ);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		/*
+		 * spawn_pane has already torn the half-built pane down (its
+		 * fork-failure path removes the pane and destroys the layout
+		 * cell), so new_wp is NULL and there is nothing for fail to do.
+		 */
+		goto fail;
 	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'K') && args_has(args, 'O'))
+		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CAPTUREALLKEYS;
+	if (args_has(args, 'C') && args_has(args, 'O'))
+		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CLOSEONCLICK;
+
+	style = args_get(args, 's');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad style: %s", style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-active-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style);
+		new_wp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|
+		    PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+	}
+	style = args_get(args, 'S');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options,
+		    "pane-active-border-style", 0, "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad active border style: %s", style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+	}
+	style = args_get(args, 'R');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "pane-border-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad inactive border style: %s",
+			    style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
+		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "pane-border-lines", lines);
+	if (args_has(args, 'k') || args_has(args, 'm')) {
+		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 3);
+		if (args_has(args, 'm')) {
+			options_set_string(new_wp->options,
+			    "remain-on-exit-format", 0, "%s",
+			    args_get(args, 'm'));
+		}
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
+		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
+		screen_set_title(&new_wp->base, title, 0);
+		ep = event_payload_create();
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, new_wp, 0);
+		event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", new_wp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", new_wp->window);
+		event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_title", "%s", title);
+		events_fire("pane-title-changed", ep);
+		free(title);
+	}
+
 	if (input) {
 		switch (window_pane_start_input(new_wp, item, &cause)) {
 		case -1:
-			server_client_remove_pane(new_wp);
-			layout_close_pane(new_wp);
-			window_remove_pane(wp->window, new_wp);
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
-			if (sc.argv != NULL)
-				cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-			environ_free(sc.environ);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		case 1:
 			input = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+	if (~flags & SPAWN_DETACHED)
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, new_wp, 0);
+
+	if (restore_zoom) {
 		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
 		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
-	server_status_session(s);
+	} else if ((~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) && !args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
+		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
+	}
+	server_redraw_session(s);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') && is_floating) {
+		tc->tty.mouse_last_pane = new_wp->id;
+		tc->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_split_window_mouse_resize;
+		cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(tc, &event->m);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'P')) {
 		if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
@@ -195,5 +317,106 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
 	if (input)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'W')) {
+		/*
+		 * With -W, block this command queue item until the pane's
+		 * command exits; window_pane_wait_finish will be called to
+		 * continue it.
+		 */
+		new_wp->wait_item = item;
+		return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	/*
+	 * If the pane was spawned before we failed, tear it down here; this
+	 * also destroys its layout cell. spawn_pane's own failure path has
+	 * already done this, so new_wp is NULL in that case.
+	 */
+	if (new_wp != NULL) {
+		server_client_remove_pane(new_wp);
+		if (!is_floating)
+			layout_close_pane(new_wp);
+		window_remove_pane(wp->window, new_wp);
+	}
+	if (restore_zoom || (~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING))
+		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
+	environ_free(sc.environ);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines;
+	u_int			 sx, sy;
+	int			 x, y, xoff, yoff, border;
+
+	if (c->tty.mouse_last_pane == -1)
+		return;
+	wp = window_pane_find_by_id(c->tty.mouse_last_pane);
+	if (wp == NULL || !window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wp->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	x = m->x + m->ox;
+	y = m->y + m->oy;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	lines = window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp);
+	border = (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE);
+
+	if (x >= (int)c->tty.mouse_drag_x) {
+		xoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_x + border;
+		sx = x - c->tty.mouse_drag_x + 1;
+	} else {
+		sx = c->tty.mouse_drag_x - x + 1;
+		xoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_x - sx + 1;
+		if (border)
+			xoff++;
+	}
+	if (y >= (int)c->tty.mouse_drag_y) {
+		yoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_y + border;
+		sy = y - c->tty.mouse_drag_y + 1;
+	} else {
+		sy = c->tty.mouse_drag_y - y + 1;
+		yoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_y - sy + 1;
+		if (border)
+			yoff++;
+	}
+
+	if (border) {
+		if (sx <= 2)
+			sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		else
+			sx -= 2;
+		if (sy <= 2)
+			sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		else
+			sy -= 2;
+	}
+	if (sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+		sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+	if (sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+		sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+
+	layout_set_size(lc, sx, sy, xoff, yoff);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+	server_redraw_window_borders(w);
 }

cmd-swap-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-swap-pane.c,v 1.55 2026/07/15 13:02:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_swap_pane_exec
 };
 
+static struct window_pane *
+cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	while (wp != NULL && !layout_cell_is_tiled(wp->layout_cell))
+		wp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry);
+	return (wp);
+}
+
+static struct window_pane *
+cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	while (wp != NULL && !layout_cell_is_tiled(wp->layout_cell))
+		wp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes, entry);
+	return (wp);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -52,25 +68,47 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*tmp_wp, *src_wp, *dst_wp;
 	struct layout_cell	*src_lc, *dst_lc;
 	u_int			 sx, sy, xoff, yoff;
+	int			 src_idx, dst_idx;
 
 	dst_w = target->wl->window;
 	dst_wp = target->wp;
+	dst_idx = target->wl->idx;
 	src_w = source->wl->window;
 	src_wp = source->wp;
+	src_idx = source->wl->idx;
+
+	if (src_wp == src_w->modal || dst_wp == dst_w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (window_push_zoom(dst_w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
 		server_redraw_window(dst_w);
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'D')) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "cannot swap down on floating pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 		src_w = dst_w;
 		src_wp = TAILQ_NEXT(dst_wp, entry);
-		if (src_wp == NULL)
+		src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		if (src_wp == NULL) {
 			src_wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&dst_w->panes);
+			src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		}
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'U')) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "cannot swap up on floating pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 		src_w = dst_w;
 		src_wp = TAILQ_PREV(dst_wp, window_panes, entry);
-		if (src_wp == NULL)
+		src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		if (src_wp == NULL) {
 			src_wp = TAILQ_LAST(&dst_w->panes, window_panes);
+			src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (src_w != dst_w && window_push_zoom(src_w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
@@ -92,6 +130,16 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	else
 		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->panes, tmp_wp, src_wp, entry);
 
+	tmp_wp = TAILQ_PREV(dst_wp, window_panes, zentry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&dst_w->z_index, dst_wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_REPLACE(&src_w->z_index, src_wp, dst_wp, zentry);
+	if (tmp_wp == src_wp)
+		tmp_wp = dst_wp;
+	if (tmp_wp == NULL)
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&dst_w->z_index, src_wp, zentry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->z_index, tmp_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+
 	src_lc = src_wp->layout_cell;
 	dst_lc = dst_wp->layout_cell;
 	src_lc->wp = dst_wp;
@@ -133,14 +181,20 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		colour_palette_from_option(&src_wp->palette, src_wp->options);
 		colour_palette_from_option(&dst_wp->palette, dst_wp->options);
 		layout_fix_panes(src_w, NULL);
+		redraw_invalidate_scene(src_w);
 		server_redraw_window(src_w);
 	}
 	layout_fix_panes(dst_w, NULL);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(dst_w);
 	server_redraw_window(dst_w);
 
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
+	if (src_w != dst_w) {
+		window_fire_pane_moved(src_wp, src_w, src_idx, dst_w, dst_idx);
+		window_fire_pane_moved(dst_wp, dst_w, dst_idx, src_w, src_idx);
+	}
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
 	if (src_w != dst_w)
-		notify_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
 
 out:
 	if (window_pop_zoom(src_w))

cmd-swap-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-swap-window.c,v 1.30 2026/07/27 08:03:01 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_window_entry = {
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
-	.flags = 0,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_swap_window_exec
 };
 

cmd-switch-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-switch-client.c,v 1.75 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
@@ -34,9 +35,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_client_entry = {
 	.name = "switch-client",
 	.alias = "switchc",
 
-	.args = { "lc:EFnpt:rT:Z", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.args = { "c:EFlnO:pt:rT:Z", 0, 0, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-ElnprZ] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] "
-		 "[-T key-table]",
+		 "[-T key-table] [-O order]",
 
 	/* -t is special */
 
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	 target;
 	const char		*tflag = args_get(args, 't');
 	enum cmd_find_type	 type;
-	int			 flags;
+	int			 flags, visible, Zflag = args_has(args, 'Z');
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
@@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	const char		*tablename;
 	struct key_table	*table;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
+	uid_t			 uid;
 
 	if (tflag != NULL &&
 	    (tflag[strcspn(tflag, ":.%")] != '\0' || strcmp(tflag, "=") == 0)) {
@@ -76,6 +80,13 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	wp = target.wp;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'r')) {
+		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+			uid = proc_get_peer_uid(c->peer);
+			if (uid != getuid()) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		}
 		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY)
 			tc->flags &= ~(CLIENT_READONLY|CLIENT_IGNORESIZE);
 		else
@@ -95,13 +106,22 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'n')) {
-		if ((s = session_next_session(tc->session)) == NULL) {
+		s = session_next_session(tc->session, &sort_crit);
+		if (s == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "can't find next session");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		if ((s = session_previous_session(tc->session)) == NULL) {
+		s = session_previous_session(tc->session, &sort_crit);
+		if (s == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "can't find previous session");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
@@ -119,11 +139,15 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		if (wl != NULL && wp != NULL && wp != wl->window->active) {
 			w = wl->window;
-			if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
+			if (w->modal != NULL && wp != w->modal)
+				visible = 1;
+			else
+				visible = window_pane_is_visible(wp);
+			if (!visible && window_push_zoom(w, 0, Zflag))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 			window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
 			window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
-			if (window_pop_zoom(w))
+			if (!visible && window_pop_zoom(w))
 				server_redraw_window(w);
 		}
 		if (wl != NULL) {

cmd-unbind-key.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-unbind-key.c,v 1.34 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-wait-for.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-wait-for.c,v 1.23 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_wait_for_entry = {
 	.name = "wait-for",
 	.alias = "wait",
 
-	.args = { "LSU", 1, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-L|-S|-U] channel",
+	.args = { "EF:LSUlvw:", 1, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-ELSUlv] [-F format] [-w waiter] name",
 
 	.flags = 0,
 	.exec = cmd_wait_for_exec
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ struct wait_item {
 	TAILQ_ENTRY(wait_item)	 entry;
 };
 
+struct wait_event_item {
+	struct cmdq_item		*item;
+	struct events_sink		*sink;
+	char				*name;
+	char				*filter;
+	int				 verbose;
+	TAILQ_ENTRY(wait_event_item)	 entry;
+};
+static TAILQ_HEAD(, wait_event_item) wait_event_items =
+    TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(wait_event_items);
+
 struct wait_channel {
 	const char	       *name;
 	int			locked;
@@ -76,9 +87,28 @@ static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_lock(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
 			    struct wait_channel *);
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_unlock(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
 			    struct wait_channel *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
+			    struct args *);
+static void		cmd_wait_for_event_cb(const char *,
+			    struct event_payload *, void *);
+static void		cmd_wait_for_event_free(struct wait_event_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event_list(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    const char *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event_wake(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    const char *, struct args *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_list(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct wait_channel *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_wake(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
+			    struct args *, struct wait_channel *);
 
 static struct wait_channel	*cmd_wait_for_add(const char *);
 static void			 cmd_wait_for_remove(struct wait_channel *);
+static void			 cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(
+				    struct wait_channel *);
+static const char		*cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(
+				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static const char		*cmd_wait_for_client_name(
+				    struct wait_event_item *);
 
 static struct wait_channel *
 cmd_wait_for_add(const char *name)
@@ -117,16 +147,53 @@ cmd_wait_for_remove(struct wait_channel *wc)
 	free(wc);
 }
 
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	if (wc->locked || wc->woken)
+		return;
+	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wc->waiters) || !TAILQ_EMPTY(&wc->lockers))
+		return;
+
+	log_debug("remove empty wait channel %s", wc->name);
+
+	RB_REMOVE(wait_channels, &wait_channels, wc);
+
+	free((void *)wc->name);
+	free(wc);
+}
+
+static const char *
+cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+
+	if (c == NULL || c->name == NULL)
+		return ("");
+	return (c->name);
+}
+
+static const char *
+cmd_wait_for_client_name(struct wait_event_item *wei)
+{
+	return (cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wei->item));
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_wait_for_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const char		*name = args_string(args, 0);
-	struct wait_channel	*wc, find;
+	struct wait_channel	*wc, find = { .name = name };
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event(item, name, args));
 
-	find.name = name;
 	wc = RB_FIND(wait_channels, &wait_channels, &find);
-
+	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_list(item, wc));
+	if (args_has(args, 'w'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_wake(item, name, args, wc));
 	if (args_has(args, 'S'))
 		return (cmd_wait_for_signal(item, name, wc));
 	if (args_has(args, 'L'))
@@ -136,6 +203,179 @@ cmd_wait_for_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (cmd_wait_for_wait(item, name, wc));
 }
 
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_print(struct wait_event_item *wei, struct event_payload *ep)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+	const char			*key;
+	char				*value;
+
+	epi = event_payload_first(ep);
+	while (epi != NULL) {
+		key = event_payload_item_name(epi);
+		if (*key != '_') {
+			value = event_payload_item_print(epi);
+			cmdq_print(wei->item, "%s=%s", key, value);
+			free(value);
+		}
+		epi = event_payload_next(epi);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    void *item_data)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei = item_data;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (wei->verbose)
+		cmd_wait_for_event_print(wei, ep);
+
+	if (wei->filter != NULL) {
+		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(wei->item), wei->item,
+		    FORMAT_NONE, FORMAT_NOJOBS);
+		event_payload_add_formats(ep, ft, NULL);
+		expanded = format_expand(ft, wei->filter);
+		flag = format_true(expanded);
+		free(expanded);
+		format_free(ft);
+
+		if (!flag)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+	cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+	cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_free(struct wait_event_item *wei)
+{
+	events_remove_sink(wei->sink);
+	free(wei->name);
+	free(wei->filter);
+	free(wei);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name, struct args *args)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'F');
+
+	if (!hooks_valid_event_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid event: %s", name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event_list(item, name));
+	if (args_has(args, 'w'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event_wake(item, name, args));
+
+	if (cmdq_get_client(item) == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "not able to wait");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	wei = xcalloc(1, sizeof *wei);
+	wei->item = item;
+	wei->name = xstrdup(name);
+	wei->filter = (filter != NULL ? xstrdup(filter) : NULL);
+	wei->verbose = args_has(args, 'v');
+	wei->sink = events_add_sink(name, cmd_wait_for_event_cb, wei);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event_list(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei;
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wei, &wait_event_items, entry) {
+		if (strcmp(wei->name, name) == 0)
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_client_name(wei));
+	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event_wake(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
+    struct args *args)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei, *wei1;
+	const char		*client_name = args_get(args, 'w');
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wei, &wait_event_items, entry, wei1) {
+		if (strcmp(wei->name, name) != 0)
+			continue;
+		if (strcmp(cmd_wait_for_client_name(wei), client_name) != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+		cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+		cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
+
+	cmdq_error(item, "waiter %s not found", client_name);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_list(struct cmdq_item *item, struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	struct wait_item	*wi;
+
+	if (wc == NULL)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wi, &wc->waiters, entry)
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item));
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wi, &wc->lockers, entry)
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item));
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_wake(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
+    struct args *args, struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	struct wait_item	*wi, *wi1;
+	const char		*client_name = args_get(args, 'w');
+
+	if (wc != NULL) {
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->waiters, entry, wi1) {
+			name = cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item);
+			if (strcmp(name, client_name) != 0)
+				continue;
+			cmdq_continue(wi->item);
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->waiters, wi, entry);
+			free(wi);
+			cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(wc);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->lockers, entry, wi1) {
+			name = cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item);
+			if (strcmp(name, client_name) != 0)
+				continue;
+			cmdq_continue(wi->item);
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->lockers, wi, entry);
+			free(wi);
+			cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(wc);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_wait_for_signal(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
     struct wait_channel *wc)
@@ -245,6 +485,13 @@ cmd_wait_for_flush(void)
 {
 	struct wait_channel	*wc, *wc1;
 	struct wait_item	*wi, *wi1;
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei, *wei1;
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wei, &wait_event_items, entry, wei1) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+		cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+		cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+	}
 
 	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(wc, wait_channels, &wait_channels, wc1) {
 		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->waiters, entry, wi1) {

cmd.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd.c,v 1.189 2026/07/17 08:29:34 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_lock_server_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_lock_session_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_window_entry;
+extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_session_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_next_layout_entry;
@@ -114,6 +115,7 @@ extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_suspend_client_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_client_entry;
+extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_mode_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_unbind_key_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_unlink_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_wait_for_entry;
@@ -163,6 +165,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 	&cmd_lock_session_entry,
 	&cmd_move_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_move_window_entry,
+	&cmd_new_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_new_session_entry,
 	&cmd_new_window_entry,
 	&cmd_next_layout_entry,
@@ -206,6 +209,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 	&cmd_swap_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_swap_window_entry,
 	&cmd_switch_client_entry,
+	&cmd_switch_mode_entry,
 	&cmd_unbind_key_entry,
 	&cmd_unlink_window_entry,
 	&cmd_wait_for_entry,
@@ -216,18 +220,11 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 struct cmd {
 	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
 	struct args		 *args;
-	u_int			  group;
 
 	char			 *file;
 	u_int			  line;
 	int			  parse_flags;
-
-	TAILQ_ENTRY(cmd)	  qentry;
 };
-TAILQ_HEAD(cmds, cmd);
-
-/* Next group number for new command list. */
-static u_int cmd_list_next_group = 1;
 
 /* Log an argument vector. */
 void printflike(3, 4)
@@ -303,6 +300,8 @@ cmd_unpack_argv(char *buf, size_t len, int argc, char ***argv)
 
 	if (argc == 0)
 		return (0);
+	if (argc < 0 || argc > 1000)
+		return (-1);
 	*argv = xcalloc(argc, sizeof **argv);
 
 	buf[len - 1] = '\0';
@@ -396,13 +395,6 @@ cmd_get_args(struct cmd *cmd)
 	return (cmd->args);
 }
 
-/* Get group for command. */
-u_int
-cmd_get_group(struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	return (cmd->group);
-}
-
 /* Get file and line for command. */
 void
 cmd_get_source(struct cmd *cmd, const char **file, u_int *line)
@@ -552,23 +544,6 @@ cmd_free(struct cmd *cmd)
 	free(cmd);
 }
 
-/* Copy a command. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_copy(struct cmd *cmd, int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct cmd	*new_cmd;
-
-	new_cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new_cmd);
-	new_cmd->entry = cmd->entry;
-	new_cmd->args = args_copy(cmd->args, argc, argv);
-
-	if (cmd->file != NULL)
-		new_cmd->file = xstrdup(cmd->file);
-	new_cmd->line = cmd->line;
-
-	return (new_cmd);
-}
-
 /* Get a command as a string. */
 char *
 cmd_print(struct cmd *cmd)
@@ -585,175 +560,6 @@ cmd_print(struct cmd *cmd)
 	return (out);
 }
 
-/* Create a new command list. */
-struct cmd_list *
-cmd_list_new(void)
-{
-	struct cmd_list	*cmdlist;
-
-	cmdlist = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cmdlist);
-	cmdlist->references = 1;
-	cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-	cmdlist->list = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cmdlist->list);
-	TAILQ_INIT(cmdlist->list);
-	return (cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Append a command to a command list. */
-void
-cmd_list_append(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	cmd->group = cmdlist->group;
-	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(cmdlist->list, cmd, qentry);
-}
-
-/* Append all commands from one list to another.  */
-void
-cmd_list_append_all(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd_list *from)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, from->list, qentry)
-		cmd->group = cmdlist->group;
-	TAILQ_CONCAT(cmdlist->list, from->list, qentry);
-}
-
-/* Move all commands from one command list to another. */
-void
-cmd_list_move(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd_list *from)
-{
-	TAILQ_CONCAT(cmdlist->list, from->list, qentry);
-	cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-}
-
-/* Free a command list. */
-void
-cmd_list_free(struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd, *cmd1;
-
-	if (--cmdlist->references != 0)
-		return;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry, cmd1) {
-		TAILQ_REMOVE(cmdlist->list, cmd, qentry);
-		cmd_free(cmd);
-	}
-	free(cmdlist->list);
-	free(cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Copy a command list, expanding %s in arguments. */
-struct cmd_list *
-cmd_list_copy(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-	struct cmd_list	*new_cmdlist;
-	struct cmd	*new_cmd;
-	u_int		 group = cmdlist->group;
-	char		*s;
-
-	s = cmd_list_print(cmdlist, 0);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, s);
-	free(s);
-
-	new_cmdlist = cmd_list_new();
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (cmd->group != group) {
-			new_cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-			group = cmd->group;
-		}
-		new_cmd = cmd_copy(cmd, argc, argv);
-		cmd_list_append(new_cmdlist, new_cmd);
-	}
-
-	s = cmd_list_print(new_cmdlist, 0);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, s);
-	free(s);
-
-	return (new_cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Get a command list as a string. */
-char *
-cmd_list_print(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int escaped)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd, *next;
-	char		*buf, *this;
-	size_t		 len;
-
-	len = 1;
-	buf = xcalloc(1, len);
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		this = cmd_print(cmd);
-
-		len += strlen(this) + 6;
-		buf = xrealloc(buf, len);
-
-		strlcat(buf, this, len);
-
-		next = TAILQ_NEXT(cmd, qentry);
-		if (next != NULL) {
-			if (cmd->group != next->group) {
-				if (escaped)
-					strlcat(buf, " \\;\\; ", len);
-				else
-					strlcat(buf, " ;; ", len);
-			} else {
-				if (escaped)
-					strlcat(buf, " \\; ", len);
-				else
-					strlcat(buf, " ; ", len);
-			}
-		}
-
-		free(this);
-	}
-
-	return (buf);
-}
-
-/* Get first command in list. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_list_first(struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
-{
-	return (TAILQ_FIRST(cmdlist->list));
-}
-
-/* Get next command in list. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_list_next(struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	return (TAILQ_NEXT(cmd, qentry));
-}
-
-/* Do all of the commands in this command list have this flag? */
-int
-cmd_list_all_have(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flag)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (~cmd->entry->flags & flag)
-			return (0);
-	}
-	return (1);
-}
-
-/* Do any of the commands in this command list have this flag? */
-int
-cmd_list_any_have(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flag)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (cmd->entry->flags & flag)
-			return (1);
-	}
-	return (0);
-}
-
 /* Adjust current mouse position for a pane. */
 int
 cmd_mouse_at(struct window_pane *wp, struct mouse_event *m, u_int *xp,
@@ -773,9 +579,9 @@ cmd_mouse_at(struct window_pane *wp, struct mouse_event *m, u_int *xp,
 	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= m->statuslines)
 		y -= m->statuslines;
 
-	if (x < wp->xoff || x >= wp->xoff + wp->sx)
+	if ((int)x < wp->xoff || (int)x >= wp->xoff + (int)wp->sx)
 		return (-1);
-	if (y < wp->yoff || y >= wp->yoff + wp->sy)
+	if ((int)y < wp->yoff || (int)y >= wp->yoff + (int)wp->sy)
 		return (-1);
 
 	if (xp != NULL)
@@ -827,20 +633,27 @@ cmd_mouse_pane(struct mouse_event *m, struct session **sp,
 		if (!window_has_pane(wl->window, wp))
 			return (NULL);
 	}
+	if (wl->window->modal != NULL && wp != wl->window->modal)
+		return (NULL);
 
 	if (wlp != NULL)
 		*wlp = wl;
 	return (wp);
 }
 
-/* Replace the first %% or %idx in template by s. */
+/*
+ * Replace the first %% or any %idx in template by s. %% is intended for use in
+ * single quotes, so ' is escaped. %%% and %idx% are for double quotes, so a
+ * list of special characters is escaped. %idx is left unescaped.
+ */
 char *
 cmd_template_replace(const char *template, const char *s, int idx)
 {
 	char			 ch, *buf;
-	const char	*ptr, *cp, quote[] = "\"\\$;~";
-	int		 replaced, quoted;
-	size_t		 len;
+	const char		*ptr, *cp, dquote[] = "\"\\$;~";
+	int			 replaced;
+	size_t			 len, slen;
+	enum { NQ, SQ, DQ }	 quote;
 
 	if (strchr(template, '%') == NULL)
 		return (xstrdup(template));
@@ -854,30 +667,52 @@ cmd_template_replace(const char *template, const char *s, int idx)
 	while (*ptr != '\0') {
 		switch (ch = *ptr++) {
 		case '%':
-			if (*ptr < '1' || *ptr > '9' || *ptr - '0' != idx) {
+			if (*ptr >= '1' && *ptr <= '9' && *ptr - '0' == idx) {
+				ptr++;
+				quote = NQ;
+				if (*ptr == '%') {
+					quote = DQ;
+					ptr++;
+				}
+			} else {
 				if (*ptr != '%' || replaced)
 					break;
 				replaced = 1;
+				ptr++;
+				quote = SQ;
+				if (*ptr == '%') {
+					quote = DQ;
+					ptr++;
+				}
 			}
-			ptr++;
 
-			quoted = (*ptr == '%');
-			if (quoted)
-				ptr++;
-
-			buf = xrealloc(buf, len + (strlen(s) * 3) + 1);
+			slen = strlen(s);
+			if (slen >= SIZE_MAX / 4 ||
+			    len > SIZE_MAX - (slen * 4) - 1)
+				fatalx("argument too long");
+			buf = xrealloc(buf, len + (slen * 4) + 1);
 			for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
-				if (quoted && strchr(quote, *cp) != NULL)
+				if (quote == SQ && *cp == '\'') {
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					buf[len++] = '\\';
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (quote == DQ && strchr(dquote, *cp) != NULL)
 					buf[len++] = '\\';
 				buf[len++] = *cp;
 			}
 			buf[len] = '\0';
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (len > SIZE_MAX - 2)
+			fatalx("argument too long");
 		buf = xrealloc(buf, len + 2);
 		buf[len++] = ch;
 		buf[len] = '\0';
 	}
 
+	log_debug("%s: %s -> %s", __func__, template, buf);
 	return (buf);
 }

colour.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: colour.c,v 1.35 2026/07/06 14:29:10 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -26,6 +26,85 @@
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
+/* Theme colour slots and their server options. */
+static const struct {
+	const char	*name;
+	const char	*dark_option;
+	const char	*light_option;
+	int		 terminal_colour;
+} colour_theme_table[] = {
+	{ "themeblack",
+	  "dark-theme-black",
+	  "light-theme-black",
+	  0
+	},
+	{ "themewhite",
+	  "dark-theme-white",
+	  "light-theme-white",
+	  7
+	},
+	{ "themelightgrey",
+	  "dark-theme-light-grey",
+	  "light-theme-light-grey",
+	  7
+	},
+	{ "themedarkgrey",
+	  "dark-theme-dark-grey",
+	  "light-theme-dark-grey",
+	  0
+	},
+	{ "themegreen",
+	  "dark-theme-green",
+	  "light-theme-green",
+	  2
+	},
+	{ "themeyellow",
+	  "dark-theme-yellow",
+	  "light-theme-yellow",
+	  3
+	},
+	{ "themered",
+	  "dark-theme-red",
+	  "light-theme-red",
+	  1
+	},
+	{ "themeblue",
+	  "dark-theme-blue",
+	  "light-theme-blue",
+	  4
+	},
+	{ "themecyan",
+	  "dark-theme-cyan",
+	  "light-theme-cyan",
+	  6
+	},
+	{ "thememagenta",
+	  "dark-theme-magenta",
+	  "light-theme-magenta",
+	  5
+	}
+};
+
+/* Get theme colour option. */
+const char *
+colour_theme_option(u_int n, enum client_theme theme)
+{
+	if (n >= nitems(colour_theme_table))
+		return (NULL);
+	if (theme == THEME_LIGHT)
+		return (colour_theme_table[n].light_option);
+	return (colour_theme_table[n].dark_option);
+}
+
+/* Get theme terminal colour. */
+int
+colour_theme_terminal_colour(u_int n)
+{
+	if (n >= nitems(colour_theme_table))
+		return (8);
+	return (colour_theme_table[n].terminal_colour);
+}
+
 static int
 colour_dist_sq(int R, int G, int B, int r, int g, int b)
 {
@@ -120,6 +199,28 @@ colour_force_rgb(int c)
 	return (-1);
 }
 
+/* Dim colour by a percentage. */
+int
+colour_dim(int c, u_int dim)
+{
+	u_char	r, g, b;
+
+	if (dim == 0 || COLOUR_DEFAULT(c) || (c & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME))
+		return (c);
+	if (dim >= 100)
+		return (colour_join_rgb(0, 0, 0));
+
+	c = colour_force_rgb(c);
+	if (c == -1)
+		return (-1);
+	colour_split_rgb(c, &r, &g, &b);
+
+	r = (r * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	g = (g * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	b = (b * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	return (colour_join_rgb(r, g, b));
+}
+
 /* Convert colour to a string. */
 const char *
 colour_tostring(int c)
@@ -130,6 +231,13 @@ colour_tostring(int c)
 	if (c == -1)
 		return ("none");
 
+	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME) {
+		c &= 0xff;
+		if (c >= 0 && (u_int)c < nitems(colour_theme_table))
+			return (colour_theme_table[c].name);
+		return ("invalid");
+	}
+
 	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB) {
 		colour_split_rgb(c, &r, &g, &b);
 		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "#%02x%02x%02x", r, g, b);
@@ -182,6 +290,58 @@ colour_tostring(int c)
 	return ("invalid");
 }
 
+/* Convert colour to an SGR escape sequence. */
+const char *
+colour_toescape(struct client *c, int colour, int bg)
+{
+	static char	s[32];
+	u_char		r, g, b;
+	int		n, flags = (TERM_256COLOURS|TERM_RGBCOLOURS);
+	u_int		o = (bg ? 40 : 30);
+
+	if (c != NULL && (c->tty.flags & TTY_OPENED) && c->tty.term != NULL)
+		flags = c->tty.term->flags;
+
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME) {
+		n = colour & 0xff;
+		if (c != NULL && (u_int)n < COLOUR_THEME_COUNT)
+			colour = c->theme_colours[n];
+		else
+			colour = colour_theme_terminal_colour(n);
+	}
+
+	if (colour == 8 || colour == 9) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", o + 9);
+		return (s);
+	}
+
+	if ((~flags & TERM_RGBCOLOURS) & (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB)) {
+		colour_split_rgb(colour, &r, &g, &b);
+		colour = colour_find_rgb(r, g, b);
+	}
+	if ((~flags & TERM_256COLOURS) & (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_256))
+		colour = colour_256to16(colour);
+
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB) {
+		colour_split_rgb(colour, &r, &g, &b);
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%d;2;%u;%u;%um", o + 8, r, g, b);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_256) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%d;5;%um", o + 8, colour & 0xff);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour >= 0 && colour <= 7) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", colour + o);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour >= 90 && colour <= 97) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", colour + o - 30);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
 /* Convert background colour to theme. */
 enum client_theme
 colour_totheme(int c)
@@ -230,6 +390,7 @@ colour_fromstring(const char *s)
 	const char	*cp;
 	int		 n;
 	u_char		 r, g, b;
+	u_int		 i;
 
 	if (*s == '#' && strlen(s) == 7) {
 		for (cp = s + 1; isxdigit((u_char) *cp); cp++)
@@ -260,6 +421,11 @@ colour_fromstring(const char *s)
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "terminal") == 0)
 		return (9);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(colour_theme_table); i++) {
+		if (strcasecmp(s, colour_theme_table[i].name) == 0)
+			return (i|COLOUR_FLAG_THEME);
+	}
+
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "black") == 0 || strcmp(s, "0") == 0)
 		return (0);
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "red") == 0 || strcmp(s, "1") == 0)
@@ -1082,22 +1248,22 @@ colour_palette_free(struct colour_palette *p)
 
 /* Get a colour from a palette. */
 int
-colour_palette_get(struct colour_palette *p, int c)
+colour_palette_get(struct colour_palette *p, int n)
 {
 	if (p == NULL)
 		return (-1);
 
-	if (c >= 90 && c <= 97)
-		c = 8 + c - 90;
-	else if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
-		c &= ~COLOUR_FLAG_256;
-	else if (c >= 8)
+	if (n >= 90 && n <= 97)
+		n = 8 + n - 90;
+	else if (n & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		n &= ~COLOUR_FLAG_256;
+	else if (n >= 8)
 		return (-1);
 
-	if (p->palette != NULL && p->palette[c] != -1)
-		return (p->palette[c]);
-	if (p->default_palette != NULL && p->default_palette[c] != -1)
-		return (p->default_palette[c]);
+	if (p->palette != NULL && p->palette[n] != -1)
+		return (p->palette[n]);
+	if (p->default_palette != NULL && p->default_palette[n] != -1)
+		return (p->default_palette[n]);
 	return (-1);
 }
 
@@ -1107,14 +1273,13 @@ colour_palette_set(struct colour_palette *p, int n, int c)
 {
 	u_int	i;
 
-	if (p == NULL || n > 255)
+	if (p == NULL || n < 0 || n > 255)
 		return (0);
 
 	if (c == -1 && p->palette == NULL)
 		return (0);
 
-	if (c != -1 && p->palette == NULL) {
-		if (p->palette == NULL)
+	if (p->palette == NULL) {
 		p->palette = xcalloc(256, sizeof *p->palette);
 		for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
 			p->palette[i] = -1;
@@ -1129,7 +1294,8 @@ colour_palette_from_option(struct colour_palette *p, struct options *oo)
 {
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	u_int				 i, n;
+	union options_value		*ov;
+	u_int				 i;
 	int				 c;
 
 	if (p == NULL)
@@ -1147,12 +1313,11 @@ colour_palette_from_option(struct colour_palette *p, struct options *oo)
 		p->default_palette = xcalloc(256, sizeof *p->default_palette);
 	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
 		p->default_palette[i] = -1;
-	while (a != NULL) {
-		n = options_array_item_index(a);
-		if (n < 256) {
-			c = options_array_item_value(a)->number;
-			p->default_palette[n] = c;
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		ov = options_array_getv(o, "%u", i);
+		if (ov != NULL) {
+			c = ov->number;
+			p->default_palette[i] = c;
 		}
-		a = options_array_next(a);
 	}
 }

compat.h

@@ -388,7 +388,7 @@ int		 clock_gettime(int, struct timespec *);
 /* base64.c */
 #undef b64_ntop
 #undef b64_pton
-int		 b64_ntop(const char *, size_t, char *, size_t);
+int		 b64_ntop(const u_char *, size_t, char *, size_t);
 int		 b64_pton(const char *, u_char *, size_t);
 #endif
 
@@ -410,11 +410,6 @@ int		 asprintf(char **, const char *, ...);
 int		 vasprintf(char **, const char *, va_list);
 #endif
 
-#ifndef HAVE_FGETLN
-/* fgetln.c */
-char		*fgetln(FILE *, size_t *);
-#endif
-
 #ifndef HAVE_GETLINE
 /* getline.c */
 ssize_t		 getline(char **, size_t *, FILE *);
@@ -463,6 +458,9 @@ int		 utf8proc_wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
 #ifdef NEED_FUZZING
 /* tmux.c */
 #define main __weak main
+#define regcomp(preg, pattern, cflags) (0)
+#define regexec(preg, string, nmatch, pmatch, eflags) (REG_NOMATCH)
+#define regfree(preg) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
 /* getopt.c */

compat/base64.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: base64.c,v 1.8 2015/01/16 16:48:51 deraadt Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: base64.c,v 1.15 2021/10/25 14:41:09 jca Exp $	*/
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1996 by Internet Software Consortium.
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <arpa/nameser.h>
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <resolv.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "compat.h"
+
 static const char Base64[] =
 	"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
 static const char Pad64 = '=';
@@ -123,15 +123,12 @@ static const char Pad64 = '=';
    */
 
 int
-b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
-	u_char const *src;
-	size_t srclength;
-	char *target;
-	size_t targsize;
+b64_ntop(unsigned char const *src, size_t srclength, char *target,
+    size_t targsize)
 {
 	size_t datalength = 0;
-	u_char input[3];
-	u_char output[4];
+	unsigned char input[3];
+	unsigned char output[4];
 	int i;
 
 	while (2 < srclength) {
@@ -187,13 +184,10 @@ b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
  */
 
 int
-b64_pton(src, target, targsize)
-	char const *src;
-	u_char *target;
-	size_t targsize;
+b64_pton(char const *src, unsigned char *target, size_t targsize)
 {
 	int tarindex, state, ch;
-	u_char nextbyte;
+	unsigned char nextbyte;
 	char *pos;
 
 	state = 0;

compat/fgetln.c

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2015 Joerg Jung <jung@openbsd.org>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-/*
- * portable fgetln() version, NOT reentrant
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include "compat.h"
-
-char *
-fgetln(FILE *fp, size_t *len)
-{
-	static char *buf = NULL;
-	static size_t bufsz = 0;
-	size_t r = 0;
-	char *p;
-	int c, e;
-
-	if (!fp || !len) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!buf) {
-		if (!(buf = calloc(1, BUFSIZ)))
-			return NULL;
-		bufsz = BUFSIZ;
-	}
-	while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF) {
-		buf[r++] = c;
-		if (r == bufsz) {
-			if (!(p = reallocarray(buf, 2, bufsz))) {
-				e = errno;
-				free(buf);
-				errno = e;
-				buf = NULL, bufsz = 0;
-				return NULL;
-			}
-			buf = p, bufsz = 2 * bufsz;
-		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			break;
-	}
-	return (*len = r) ? buf : NULL;
-}

compat/getline.c

@@ -74,8 +74,14 @@ getdelim(char **buf, size_t *bufsiz, int delimiter, FILE *fp)
 		}
 		if (ptr + 2 >= eptr) {
 			char *nbuf;
-			size_t nbufsiz = *bufsiz * 2;
+			size_t nbufsiz;
 			ssize_t d = ptr - *buf;
+
+			if (*bufsiz > SIZE_MAX / 2) {
+				errno = EOVERFLOW;
+				return -1;
+			}
+			nbufsiz = *bufsiz * 2;
 			if ((nbuf = realloc(*buf, nbufsiz)) == NULL)
 				return -1;
 			*buf = nbuf;

compat/getopt_long.c

@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ static int
 getopt_internal(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options,
 	const struct option *long_options, int *idx, int flags)
 {
-	char *oli;				/* option letter list index */
+	const char *oli;			/* option letter list index */
 	int optchar, short_too;
 	static int posixly_correct = -1;
 

compat/getpeereid.c

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_SO_PEERCRED
 	struct ucred	uc;
-	int		len = sizeof uc;
+	socklen_t	len = sizeof uc;
 
 	if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &uc, &len) == -1)
 		return (-1);

compat/imsg-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: imsg-buffer.c,v 1.35 2025/06/04 09:06:56 claudio Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: imsg-buffer.c,v 1.36 2025/08/25 08:29:49 claudio Exp $	*/
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2023 Claudio Jeker <claudio@openbsd.org>
@@ -699,8 +699,6 @@ msgbuf_queuelen(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 void
 msgbuf_clear(struct msgbuf *msgbuf)
 {
-	struct ibuf	*buf;
-
 	/* write side */
 	ibufq_flush(&msgbuf->bufs);
 

compat/systemd.c

@@ -81,7 +81,8 @@ struct systemd_job_watch {
 };
 
 static int
-job_removed_handler(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata, sd_bus_error *ret_error)
+job_removed_handler(sd_bus_message *m, void *userdata,
+    __unused sd_bus_error *ret_error)
 {
 	struct systemd_job_watch *watch = userdata;
 	const char		 *path = NULL;
@@ -109,7 +110,7 @@ systemd_move_to_new_cgroup(char **cause)
 	sd_bus_message		*m = NULL, *reply = NULL;
 	sd_bus 			*bus = NULL;
 	sd_bus_slot		*slot = NULL;
-	char			*name, *desc, *slice;
+	char			*name, *desc, *slice, *unit;
 	sd_id128_t		 uuid;
 	int			 r;
 	uint64_t		 elapsed_usec;
@@ -241,6 +242,26 @@ systemd_move_to_new_cgroup(char **cause)
 		goto finish;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * Try locating systemd unit that started the server, and mark pane units
+	 * as dependent on it. Use "Before" to make sure systemd will not try to
+	 * kill them first.
+	 */
+	if (sd_pid_get_user_unit(parent_pid, &unit) == 0 ||
+	    sd_pid_get_unit(parent_pid, &unit) == 0) {
+		r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "Before", "as", 1, unit);
+		if (r >= 0) {
+			r = sd_bus_message_append(m, "(sv)", "PartOf", "as", 1,
+			    unit);
+		}
+		free(unit);
+		if (r < 0) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "failed to append to properties: %s",
+			    strerror(-r));
+			goto finish;
+		}
+	}
+
 	/* End properties array. */
 	r = sd_bus_message_close_container(m);
 	if (r < 0) {

configure.ac

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # configure.ac
 
-AC_INIT([tmux], 3.6)
+AC_INIT([tmux], next-3.8)
 AC_PREREQ([2.60])
 
 AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(etc)
@@ -64,6 +64,22 @@ AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 )
 AM_CONDITIONAL(IS_DEBUG, test "x$enable_debug" = xyes)
 
+# Is this --enable-optimizations?
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(
+	optimizations,
+	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-optimizations, enable optimization build flags),
+	,
+	enable_optimizations=yes
+)
+AM_CONDITIONAL(IS_OPTIMIZED, test "x$enable_optimizations" = xyes)
+
+# Is this --enable-asan?
+AC_ARG_ENABLE(
+	asan,
+	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-asan, enable ASAN build flags)
+)
+AM_CONDITIONAL(IS_ASAN, test "x$enable_asan" = xyes)
+
 # Is this a static build?
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 	static,
@@ -159,7 +175,6 @@ AC_REPLACE_FUNCS([ \
 	clock_gettime \
 	closefrom \
 	explicit_bzero \
-	fgetln \
 	freezero \
 	getdtablecount \
 	getdtablesize \
@@ -223,6 +238,7 @@ AC_LIBOBJ(getopt_long)
 
 # Look for libevent. Try libevent_core or libevent with pkg-config first then
 # look for the library.
+libevent_version=off
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 	LIBEVENT_CORE,
 	[libevent_core >= 2],
@@ -231,6 +247,8 @@ PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 		CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 		LIBS="$LIBEVENT_CORE_LIBS $LIBS"
 		found_libevent=yes
+		libevent_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion libevent_core 2>/dev/null`
+		test "x$libevent_version" = x && libevent_version=on
 	],
 	found_libevent=no
 )
@@ -243,6 +261,8 @@ if test x$found_libevent = xno; then
 			CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$LIBEVENT_LIBS $LIBS"
 			found_libevent=yes
+			libevent_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion libevent 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$libevent_version" = x && libevent_version=on
 		],
 		found_libevent=no
 	)
@@ -251,7 +271,8 @@ if test x$found_libevent = xno; then
 	AC_SEARCH_LIBS(
 		event_init,
 		[event_core event event-1.4],
-		found_libevent=yes,
+		[found_libevent=yes
+		libevent_version=on],
 		found_libevent=no
 	)
 fi
@@ -278,7 +299,22 @@ fi
 
 # Look for ncurses or curses. Try pkg-config first then directly for the
 # library.
+ncurses_version=off
 PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
+	LIBTINFOW,
+	tinfow,
+	[
+		AM_CPPFLAGS="$LIBTINFOW_CFLAGS $AM_CPPFLAGS"
+		CPPFLAGS="$LIBTINFOW_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
+		LIBS="$LIBTINFOW_LIBS $LIBS"
+		found_ncurses=yes
+		ncurses_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion tinfow 2>/dev/null`
+		test "x$ncurses_version" = x && ncurses_version=on
+	],
+	found_ncurses=no
+)
+if test "x$found_ncurses" = xno; then
+	PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 		LIBTINFO,
 		tinfo,
 		[
@@ -286,18 +322,8 @@ PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 			CPPFLAGS="$LIBTINFO_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$LIBTINFO_LIBS $LIBS"
 			found_ncurses=yes
-	],
-	found_ncurses=no
-)
-if test "x$found_ncurses" = xno; then
-	PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
-		LIBNCURSES,
-		ncurses,
-		[
-			AM_CPPFLAGS="$LIBNCURSES_CFLAGS $AM_CPPFLAGS"
-			CPPFLAGS="$LIBNCURSES_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
-			LIBS="$LIBNCURSES_LIBS $LIBS"
-			found_ncurses=yes
+			ncurses_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion tinfo 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$ncurses_version" = x && ncurses_version=on
 		],
 		found_ncurses=no
 	)
@@ -311,6 +337,23 @@ if test "x$found_ncurses" = xno; then
 			CPPFLAGS="$LIBNCURSESW_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$LIBNCURSESW_LIBS $LIBS"
 			found_ncurses=yes
+			ncurses_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion ncursesw 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$ncurses_version" = x && ncurses_version=on
+		],
+		found_ncurses=no
+	)
+fi
+if test "x$found_ncurses" = xno; then
+	PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
+		LIBNCURSES,
+		ncurses,
+		[
+			AM_CPPFLAGS="$LIBNCURSES_CFLAGS $AM_CPPFLAGS"
+			CPPFLAGS="$LIBNCURSES_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
+			LIBS="$LIBNCURSES_LIBS $LIBS"
+			found_ncurses=yes
+			ncurses_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion ncurses 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$ncurses_version" = x && ncurses_version=on
 		],
 		found_ncurses=no
 	)
@@ -318,8 +361,9 @@ fi
 if test "x$found_ncurses" = xno; then
 	AC_SEARCH_LIBS(
 		setupterm,
-		[tinfo terminfo ncurses ncursesw],
-		found_ncurses=yes,
+		[tinfow tinfo terminfo ncursesw ncurses],
+		[found_ncurses=yes
+		ncurses_version=on],
 		found_ncurses=no
 	)
 	if test "x$found_ncurses" = xyes; then
@@ -349,6 +393,7 @@ else
 		LIBS="$LIBS -lcurses"
 		CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DHAVE_CURSES_H"
 		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_CURSES_H)
+		ncurses_version=on
 	else
 		AC_MSG_ERROR("curses not found")
 	fi
@@ -359,6 +404,7 @@ AC_CHECK_FUNCS([ \
 ])
 
 # Look for utempter.
+utempter_version=off
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 	utempter,
 	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-utempter, use utempter if it is installed)
@@ -375,17 +421,34 @@ if test "x$enable_utempter" = xyes; then
 	fi
 	if test "x$enable_utempter" = xyes; then
 		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_UTEMPTER)
+		utempter_version=on
 	else
 		AC_MSG_ERROR("utempter not found")
 	fi
 fi
 
 # Look for utf8proc.
+utf8proc_version=off
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 	utf8proc,
 	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-utf8proc, use utf8proc if it is installed)
 )
+try_utf8proc=no
+require_utf8proc=no
 if test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes; then
+	try_utf8proc=yes
+elif test "x$enable_utf8proc" = x; then
+	case "$host_os" in
+		*darwin*)
+			try_utf8proc=yes
+			require_utf8proc=yes
+			;;
+	esac
+fi
+if test "x$try_utf8proc" = xyes; then
+	SAVED_AM_CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS"
+	SAVED_OLD_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+	SAVED_LIBS="$LIBS"
 	PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 		LIBUTF8PROC,
 		libutf8proc,
@@ -393,7 +456,10 @@ if test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes; then
 			AM_CPPFLAGS="$LIBUTF8PROC_CFLAGS $AM_CPPFLAGS"
 			CPPFLAGS="$LIBUTF8PROC_CFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$LIBUTF8PROC_LIBS $LIBS"
-		]
+			utf8proc_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion libutf8proc 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$utf8proc_version" = x && utf8proc_version=on
+		],
+		[:]
 	)
 	AC_CHECK_HEADER(utf8proc.h, enable_utf8proc=yes, enable_utf8proc=no)
 	if test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes; then
@@ -406,13 +472,23 @@ if test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes; then
 	fi
 	if test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes; then
 		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_UTF8PROC)
+		test "x$utf8proc_version" = xoff && utf8proc_version=on
+	else
+		AM_CPPFLAGS="$SAVED_AM_CPPFLAGS"
+		CPPFLAGS="$SAVED_OLD_CPPFLAGS"
+		LIBS="$SAVED_LIBS"
+		utf8proc_version=off
+		if test "x$require_utf8proc" = xyes; then
+			enable_utf8proc=
 		else
 			AC_MSG_ERROR("utf8proc not found")
 		fi
+	fi
 fi
 AM_CONDITIONAL(HAVE_UTF8PROC, [test "x$enable_utf8proc" = xyes])
 
 # Check for systemd support.
+systemd_version=off
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 	systemd,
 	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-systemd, enable systemd integration)
@@ -426,6 +502,8 @@ if test x"$enable_systemd" = xyes; then
 			CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$SYSTEMD_LIBS $LIBS"
 			found_systemd=yes
+			systemd_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion libsystemd 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$systemd_version" = x && systemd_version=on
 		],
 		found_systemd=no
 	)
@@ -550,11 +628,34 @@ if test "x$found_malloc_trim" = xyes; then
 fi
 
 # Build against jemalloc if requested.
+jemalloc_version=off
 AC_ARG_ENABLE(
 	jemalloc,
 	AS_HELP_STRING(--enable-jemalloc, use jemalloc if it is installed)
 )
+try_jemalloc=no
+require_jemalloc=no
+if test "x$enable_asan" = xyes && test "x$enable_jemalloc" = xyes; then
+	AC_MSG_ERROR([--enable-asan and --enable-jemalloc cannot be used together])
+fi
 if test "x$enable_jemalloc" = xyes; then
+	try_jemalloc=yes
+elif test "x$enable_jemalloc" = x; then
+	case "$host_os" in
+		*darwin*)
+			if test "x$enable_asan" = xyes; then
+				enable_jemalloc=no
+			else
+				try_jemalloc=yes
+				require_jemalloc=yes
+			fi
+			;;
+	esac
+fi
+if test "x$try_jemalloc" = xyes; then
+	SAVED_AM_CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS"
+	SAVED_OLD_CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS"
+	SAVED_LIBS="$LIBS"
 	PKG_CHECK_MODULES(
 		JEMALLOC,
 		jemalloc,
@@ -562,9 +663,26 @@ if test "x$enable_jemalloc" = xyes; then
 			AM_CPPFLAGS="$JEMALLOC_CFLAGS $AM_CPPFLAGS"
 			CPPFLAGS="$AM_CPPFLAGS $SAVED_CPPFLAGS"
 			LIBS="$LIBS $JEMALLOC_LIBS"
+			jemalloc_version=`$PKG_CONFIG --modversion jemalloc 2>/dev/null`
+			test "x$jemalloc_version" = x && jemalloc_version=on
 		],
-		AC_MSG_ERROR("jemalloc not found")
+		enable_jemalloc=no
 	)
+	if test "x$enable_jemalloc" = xno; then
+		AM_CPPFLAGS="$SAVED_AM_CPPFLAGS"
+		CPPFLAGS="$SAVED_OLD_CPPFLAGS"
+		LIBS="$SAVED_LIBS"
+		jemalloc_version=off
+		if test "x$require_jemalloc" = xyes; then
+			enable_jemalloc=
+		else
+			AC_MSG_ERROR("jemalloc not found")
+		fi
+	else
+		enable_jemalloc=yes
+		AC_DEFINE(HAVE_JEMALLOC)
+		test "x$jemalloc_version" = xoff && jemalloc_version=on
+	fi
 fi
 
 # Check for CMSG_DATA. On some platforms like HP-UX this requires UNIX 95
@@ -911,6 +1029,20 @@ case "$host_os" in
 			AC_MSG_NOTICE([])
 			AC_MSG_ERROR([must give --enable-utf8proc or --disable-utf8proc])
 		fi
+		#
+		# macOS calloc(3) does not appear to always zero memory correctly,
+		# so complain and suggest using jemalloc instead.
+		#
+		if test "x$enable_jemalloc" = x; then
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([	   macOS calloc(3) appears not to correctly])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([	   zero allocations in some circumstances;])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([	   to avoid this, configuring with])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([	   --enable-jemalloc is recommended. To build])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([	   without anyway, use --disable-jemalloc])
+			AC_MSG_NOTICE([])
+			AC_MSG_ERROR([must give --enable-jemalloc or --disable-jemalloc])
+		fi
 		;;
 	*dragonfly*)
 		AC_MSG_RESULT(dragonfly)
@@ -998,6 +1130,31 @@ AC_MSG_CHECKING(lock-command)
 AC_MSG_RESULT($DEFAULT_LOCK_CMD)
 AC_SUBST(DEFAULT_LOCK_CMD)
 
+# Print a summary.
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([])
+if test "x$enable_asan" = xyes; then
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([ASAN: on])
+else
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([ASAN: off])
+fi
+if test "x$enable_sixel" = xyes; then
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([SIXEL: on])
+else
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([SIXEL: off])
+fi
+if test "x$enable_debug" = xyes; then
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([debug: on])
+else
+	AC_MSG_NOTICE([debug: off])
+fi
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([jemalloc: $jemalloc_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([libevent: $libevent_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([ncurses: $ncurses_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([systemd: $systemd_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([utempter: $utempter_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([utf8proc: $utf8proc_version])
+AC_MSG_NOTICE([])
+
 # Save our CFLAGS/CPPFLAGS/LDFLAGS for the Makefile and restore the old user
 # variables.
 AC_SUBST(AM_CPPFLAGS)

control-notify.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: control-notify.c,v 1.38 2026/08/03 13:38:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -23,137 +23,187 @@
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
+/* Should this client be sent events? */
 #define CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) \
-	((c) != NULL && ((c)->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
+	((c) != NULL && \
+	 ((c)->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) && \
+	 (~(c)->flags & CLIENT_EXIT) && \
+	 (c)->control_state != NULL)
 
-void
-control_notify_pane_mode_changed(int pane)
+/* Notify control clients that pane mode changed. */
+static void
+control_pane_mode_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	struct client		*c;
+	char			*value;
 
+	wp = event_payload_get_pane(ep, "pane");
+	if (wp != NULL) {
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 			if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 				continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%pane-mode-changed %%%u", pane);
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%pane-mode-changed %%%u",
+			    wp->id);
 		}
+		return;
+	}
+
+	value = event_payload_print(ep, "pane");
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
+		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
+			continue;
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%pane-mode-changed %s", value);
+	}
+	free(value);
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_window_layout_changed(struct window *w)
+/* Notify control clients that window layout changed. */
+static void
+control_window_layout_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
 	const char		*template;
 	char			*cp;
 
+	if (w == NULL)
+		return;
+
 	template = "%layout-change #{window_id} #{window_layout} "
 	    "#{window_visible_layout} #{window_raw_flags}";
 
+	/*
+	 * When the last pane in a window is closed it won't have a layout root
+	 * and we don't need to inform the client about the layout change
+	 * because the whole window will go away soon.
+	 */
+	wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->winlinks);
+	if (wl == NULL || w->layout_root == NULL)
+		return;
+	cp = format_single(NULL, template, NULL, NULL, wl, NULL);
+
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) || c->session == NULL)
 			continue;
 		s = c->session;
-
-		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&s->windows, w->id) == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		/*
-		 * When the last pane in a window is closed it won't have a
-		 * layout root and we don't need to inform the client about the
-		 * layout change because the whole window will go away soon.
-		 */
-		if (w->layout_root == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		wl = winlink_find_by_window(&s->windows, w);
-		if (wl != NULL) {
-			cp = format_single(NULL, template, c, NULL, wl, NULL);
-			control_write(c, "%s", cp);
+		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&s->windows, w->id) != NULL)
+			control_notify_write(c, "%s", cp);
+	}
 	free(cp);
-		}
-	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_window_pane_changed(struct window *w)
+/* Notify control clients that window pane changed. */
+static void
+control_window_pane_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client	*c;
+	struct window	*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
 
+	if (w == NULL || w->active == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
 
-		control_write(c, "%%window-pane-changed @%u %%%u", w->id,
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%window-pane-changed @%u %%%u", w->id,
 		    w->active->id);
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_window_unlinked(__unused struct session *s, struct window *w)
+/* Notify control clients that a window was unlinked. */
+static void
+control_window_unlinked_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*cs;
+	struct window		*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
 
+	if (w == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) || c->session == NULL)
 			continue;
 		cs = c->session;
 
 		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&cs->windows, w->id) != NULL)
-			control_write(c, "%%window-close @%u", w->id);
-		else
-			control_write(c, "%%unlinked-window-close @%u", w->id);
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%window-close @%u", w->id);
+		else {
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%unlinked-window-close @%u",
+			    w->id);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_window_linked(__unused struct session *s, struct window *w)
+/* Notify control clients that a window was linked. */
+static void
+control_window_linked_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*cs;
+	struct window		*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
 
+	if (w == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) || c->session == NULL)
 			continue;
 		cs = c->session;
 
 		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&cs->windows, w->id) != NULL)
-			control_write(c, "%%window-add @%u", w->id);
-		else
-			control_write(c, "%%unlinked-window-add @%u", w->id);
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%window-add @%u", w->id);
+		else {
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%unlinked-window-add @%u",
+			    w->id);
+		}
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_window_renamed(struct window *w)
+/* Notify control clients that a window was renamed. */
+static void
+control_window_renamed_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*cs;
+	struct window		*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
 
+	if (w == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) || c->session == NULL)
 			continue;
 		cs = c->session;
 
 		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&cs->windows, w->id) != NULL) {
-			control_write(c, "%%window-renamed @%u %s", w->id,
-			    w->name);
-		} else {
-			control_write(c, "%%unlinked-window-renamed @%u %s",
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%window-renamed @%u %s",
 			    w->id, w->name);
+		} else {
+			control_notify_write(c,
+			    "%%unlinked-window-renamed @%u %s", w->id, w->name);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_client_session_changed(struct client *cc)
+/* Notify control clients that a client changed session. */
+static void
+control_client_session_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	struct client		*cc = event_payload_get_client(ep, "client");
 	struct client		*c;
 	struct session		*s;
 
-	if (cc->session == NULL)
+	if (cc == NULL || cc->session == NULL)
 		return;
 	s = cc->session;
 
@@ -162,101 +212,163 @@ control_notify_client_session_changed(struct client *cc)
 			continue;
 
 		if (cc == c) {
-			control_write(c, "%%session-changed $%u %s", s->id,
-			    s->name);
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%session-changed $%u %s",
+			    s->id, s->name);
 		} else {
-			control_write(c, "%%client-session-changed %s $%u %s",
-			    cc->name, s->id, s->name);
+			control_notify_write(c,
+			    "%%client-session-changed %s $%u %s", cc->name,
+			    s->id, s->name);
 		}
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_client_detached(struct client *cc)
+/* Notify control clients that a client detached. */
+static void
+control_client_detached_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	struct client		*cc = event_payload_get_client(ep, "client");
 	struct client		*c;
 
+	if (cc == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
-		if (CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
-			control_write(c, "%%client-detached %s", cc->name);
+		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
+			continue;
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%client-detached %s", cc->name);
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_session_renamed(struct session *s)
+/* Notify control clients that a session was renamed. */
+static void
+control_session_renamed_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    __unused void *sink_data)
+{
+	struct session		*s = event_payload_get_session(ep, "session");
+	struct client		*c;
+
+	if (s == NULL)
+		return;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
+		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
+			continue;
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%session-renamed $%u %s", s->id,
+		    s->name);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Notify control clients that sessions changed. */
+static void
+control_session_created_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    __unused struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client	*c;
 
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%session-renamed $%u %s", s->id, s->name);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%sessions-changed");
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_session_created(__unused struct session *s)
+/* Notify control clients that sessions changed. */
+static void
+control_session_closed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    __unused struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
 	struct client	*c;
 
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%sessions-changed");
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%sessions-changed");
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_session_closed(__unused struct session *s)
+/* Notify control clients that the current window changed. */
+static void
+control_session_window_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	struct session	*s = event_payload_get_session(ep, "session");
 	struct client	*c;
 
+	/*
+	 * A deferred session-window-changed notification can fire after the
+	 * session has been destroyed (which sets curw to NULL) but is kept
+	 * alive by the notification's reference. Skip the notification.
+	 */
+	if (s == NULL || s->curw == NULL)
+		return;
+
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%sessions-changed");
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%session-window-changed $%u @%u",
+		    s->id, s->curw->window->id);
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_session_window_changed(struct session *s)
+/* Notify control clients that a paste buffer changed. */
+static void
+control_paste_buffer_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	const char	*pbname = event_payload_get_string(ep, "paste_buffer");
 	struct client	*c;
 
+	if (pbname == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%session-window-changed $%u @%u", s->id,
-		    s->curw->window->id);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%paste-buffer-changed %s", pbname);
 	}
 }
 
-void
-control_notify_paste_buffer_changed(const char *name)
+/* Notify control clients that a paste buffer was deleted. */
+static void
+control_paste_buffer_deleted_cb(__unused const char *name,
+    struct event_payload *ep, __unused void *sink_data)
 {
+	const char	*pbname = event_payload_get_string(ep, "paste_buffer");
 	struct client	*c;
 
+	if (pbname == NULL)
+		return;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
 			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%paste-buffer-changed %s", name);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%paste-buffer-deleted %s", pbname);
 	}
 }
 
+/* Build control event sinks. */
 void
-control_notify_paste_buffer_deleted(const char *name)
+control_build_events(void)
 {
-	struct client	*c;
+	/* Control event sink callbacks. */
+	static struct {
+		const char	*name;
+		events_cb	 cb;
+	} events[] = {
+		{ "pane-mode-changed", control_pane_mode_changed_cb },
+		{ "window-layout-changed", control_window_layout_changed_cb },
+		{ "window-pane-changed", control_window_pane_changed_cb },
+		{ "window-unlinked", control_window_unlinked_cb },
+		{ "window-linked", control_window_linked_cb },
+		{ "window-renamed", control_window_renamed_cb },
+		{ "client-session-changed", control_client_session_changed_cb },
+		{ "client-detached", control_client_detached_cb },
+		{ "session-renamed", control_session_renamed_cb },
+		{ "session-created", control_session_created_cb },
+		{ "session-closed", control_session_closed_cb },
+		{ "session-window-changed", control_session_window_changed_cb },
+		{ "paste-buffer-changed", control_paste_buffer_changed_cb },
+		{ "paste-buffer-deleted", control_paste_buffer_deleted_cb }
+	};
+	u_int	i;
 
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
-		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c))
-			continue;
-
-		control_write(c, "%%paste-buffer-deleted %s", name);
-	}
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(events); i++)
+		events_add_sink(events[i].name, events[i].cb, NULL);
 }

control.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: control.c,v 1.66 2026/08/18 07:43:44 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -19,6 +19,9 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <event.h>
+#include <poll.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <time.h>
@@ -50,6 +53,17 @@ struct control_block {
 	TAILQ_ENTRY(control_block)	 all_entry;
 };
 
+/*
+ * A notification line deferred because it was generated while a command's
+ * %begin/%end guard block was open. Notifications must never appear inside a
+ * guard block, so they are held here and flushed once the block closes.
+ */
+struct control_line {
+	char				*line;
+
+	TAILQ_ENTRY(control_line)	 entry;
+};
+
 /* Control client pane. */
 struct control_pane {
 	u_int				 pane;
@@ -75,45 +89,20 @@ struct control_pane {
 };
 RB_HEAD(control_panes, control_pane);
 
-/* Subscription pane. */
-struct control_sub_pane {
-	u_int				 pane;
-	u_int				 idx;
-	char				*last;
-
-	RB_ENTRY(control_sub_pane)	 entry;
-};
-RB_HEAD(control_sub_panes, control_sub_pane);
-
-/* Subscription window. */
-struct control_sub_window {
+/* Control client window size. */
+struct control_window {
 	u_int				 window;
-	u_int				 idx;
-	char				*last;
+	u_int				 sx;
+	u_int				 sy;
 
-	RB_ENTRY(control_sub_window)	 entry;
+	RB_ENTRY(control_window)	 entry;
 };
-RB_HEAD(control_sub_windows, control_sub_window);
-
-/* Control client subscription. */
-struct control_sub {
-	char				*name;
-	char				*format;
-
-	enum control_sub_type		 type;
-	u_int				 id;
-
-	char				*last;
-	struct control_sub_panes	 panes;
-	struct control_sub_windows	 windows;
-
-	RB_ENTRY(control_sub)		 entry;
-};
-RB_HEAD(control_subs, control_sub);
+RB_HEAD(control_windows, control_window);
 
 /* Control client state. */
 struct control_state {
 	struct control_panes		 panes;
+	struct control_windows		 windows;
 
 	TAILQ_HEAD(, control_pane)	 pending_list;
 	u_int				 pending_count;
@@ -123,8 +112,14 @@ struct control_state {
 	struct bufferevent		*read_event;
 	struct bufferevent		*write_event;
 
-	struct control_subs		 subs;
-	struct event			 subs_timer;
+	struct monitor_set		*subs;
+
+	/*
+	 * Depth of open %begin/%end guard blocks and notifications deferred
+	 * until the outermost block closes.
+	 */
+	int				 guard_depth;
+	TAILQ_HEAD(, control_line)	 deferred;
 };
 
 /* Low and high watermarks. */
@@ -154,72 +149,17 @@ control_pane_cmp(struct control_pane *cp1, struct control_pane *cp2)
 }
 RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_panes, control_pane, entry, control_pane_cmp);
 
-/* Compare client subs. */
+/* Compare control windows. */
 static int
-control_sub_cmp(struct control_sub *csub1, struct control_sub *csub2)
+control_window_cmp(struct control_window *cw1, struct control_window *cw2)
 {
-	return (strcmp(csub1->name, csub2->name));
-}
-RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_subs, control_sub, entry, control_sub_cmp);
-
-/* Compare client subscription panes. */
-static int
-control_sub_pane_cmp(struct control_sub_pane *csp1,
-    struct control_sub_pane *csp2)
-{
-	if (csp1->pane < csp2->pane)
+	if (cw1->window < cw2->window)
 		return (-1);
-	if (csp1->pane > csp2->pane)
-		return (1);
-	if (csp1->idx < csp2->idx)
-		return (-1);
-	if (csp1->idx > csp2->idx)
+	if (cw1->window > cw2->window)
 		return (1);
 	return (0);
 }
-RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_sub_panes, control_sub_pane, entry,
-    control_sub_pane_cmp);
-
-/* Compare client subscription windows. */
-static int
-control_sub_window_cmp(struct control_sub_window *csw1,
-    struct control_sub_window *csw2)
-{
-	if (csw1->window < csw2->window)
-		return (-1);
-	if (csw1->window > csw2->window)
-		return (1);
-	if (csw1->idx < csw2->idx)
-		return (-1);
-	if (csw1->idx > csw2->idx)
-		return (1);
-	return (0);
-}
-RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_sub_windows, control_sub_window, entry,
-    control_sub_window_cmp);
-
-/* Free a subscription. */
-static void
-control_free_sub(struct control_state *cs, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct control_sub_pane		*csp, *csp1;
-	struct control_sub_window	*csw, *csw1;
-
-	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(csp, control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, csp1) {
-		RB_REMOVE(control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, csp);
-		free(csp);
-	}
-	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(csw, control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, csw1) {
-		RB_REMOVE(control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, csw);
-		free(csw);
-	}
-	free(csub->last);
-
-	RB_REMOVE(control_subs, &cs->subs, csub);
-	free(csub->name);
-	free(csub->format);
-	free(csub);
-}
+RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_windows, control_window, entry, control_window_cmp);
 
 /* Free a block. */
 static void
@@ -262,6 +202,66 @@ control_add_pane(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 	return (cp);
 }
 
+/* Get window for this client. */
+static struct control_window *
+control_get_window(struct client *c, u_int window)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_window	 cw = { .window = window };
+
+	if (cs == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (RB_FIND(control_windows, &cs->windows, &cw));
+}
+
+/* Set window size for this client. */
+void
+control_set_window_size(struct client *c, u_int window, u_int sx, u_int sy)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_window	*cw;
+
+	if (cs == NULL)
+		return;
+	cw = control_get_window(c, window);
+	if (cw == NULL) {
+		cw = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cw);
+		cw->window = window;
+		RB_INSERT(control_windows, &cs->windows, cw);
+	}
+	cw->sx = sx;
+	cw->sy = sy;
+}
+
+/* Get window size for this client. */
+int
+control_get_window_size(struct client *c, u_int window, u_int *sx, u_int *sy)
+{
+	struct control_window	*cw;
+
+	if ((cw = control_get_window(c, window)) == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	*sx = cw->sx;
+	*sy = cw->sy;
+	return (1);
+}
+
+/* Clear window size for this client. */
+void
+control_clear_window_size(struct client *c, u_int window)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_window	*cw;
+
+	if (cs == NULL)
+		return;
+	cw = control_get_window(c, window);
+	if (cw != NULL) {
+		RB_REMOVE(control_windows, &cs->windows, cw);
+		free(cw);
+	}
+}
+
 /* Discard output for a pane. */
 static void
 control_discard_pane(struct client *c, struct control_pane *cp)
@@ -298,6 +298,7 @@ control_reset_offsets(struct client *c)
 	struct control_pane	*cp, *cp1;
 
 	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(cp, control_panes, &cs->panes, cp1) {
+		control_discard_pane(c, cp);
 		RB_REMOVE(control_panes, &cs->panes, cp);
 		free(cp);
 	}
@@ -352,6 +353,9 @@ control_set_pane_off(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 	struct control_pane	*cp;
 
 	cp = control_add_pane(c, wp);
+	control_discard_pane(c, cp);
+	memcpy(&cp->offset, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->offset);
+	memcpy(&cp->queued, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->queued);
 	cp->flags |= CONTROL_PANE_OFF;
 }
 
@@ -366,7 +370,7 @@ control_continue_pane(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 		cp->flags &= ~CONTROL_PANE_PAUSED;
 		memcpy(&cp->offset, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->offset);
 		memcpy(&cp->queued, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->queued);
-		control_write(c, "%%continue %%%u", wp->id);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%continue %%%u", wp->id);
 	}
 }
 
@@ -380,52 +384,139 @@ control_pause_pane(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 	if (~cp->flags & CONTROL_PANE_PAUSED) {
 		cp->flags |= CONTROL_PANE_PAUSED;
 		control_discard_pane(c, cp);
-		control_write(c, "%%pause %%%u", wp->id);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%pause %%%u", wp->id);
 	}
 }
 
-/* Write a line. */
-static void printflike(2, 0)
-control_vwrite(struct client *c, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+/*
+ * Reset a pane after its buffer has been replaced: drop any output still
+ * queued from the old buffer and start again from the pane's own offset.
+ */
+void
+control_reset_pane(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 {
-	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	char			*s;
+	struct control_pane	*cp;
 
-	xvasprintf(&s, fmt, ap);
-	log_debug("%s: %s: writing line: %s", __func__, c->name, s);
-
-	bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, s, strlen(s));
-	bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, "\n", 1);
-
-	bufferevent_enable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
-	free(s);
+	if (c->control_state == NULL)
+		return;
+	cp = control_get_pane(c, wp);
+	if (cp == NULL)
+		return;
+	control_discard_pane(c, cp);
+	memcpy(&cp->offset, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->offset);
+	memcpy(&cp->queued, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->queued);
 }
 
-/* Write a line. */
-void
-control_write(struct client *c, const char *fmt, ...)
+/* Write an already-formatted line, queueing it behind %output if needed. */
+static void
+control_write_line(struct client *c, char *line)
 {
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	struct control_block	*cb;
-	va_list			 ap;
-
-	va_start(ap, fmt);
 
 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&cs->all_blocks)) {
-		control_vwrite(c, fmt, ap);
-		va_end(ap);
+		log_debug("%s: %s: writing line: %s", __func__, c->name, line);
+		bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, line, strlen(line));
+		bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, "\n", 1);
+		bufferevent_enable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
+		free(line);
 		return;
 	}
 
 	cb = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cb);
-	xvasprintf(&cb->line, fmt, ap);
+	cb->line = line;
 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cs->all_blocks, cb, all_entry);
 	cb->t = get_timer();
 
 	log_debug("%s: %s: storing line: %s", __func__, c->name, cb->line);
 	bufferevent_enable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
+}
 
+/* Flush notifications that were deferred while a guard block was open. */
+static void
+control_flush_deferred(struct client *c)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_line	*cl, *cl1;
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cl, &cs->deferred, entry, cl1) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&cs->deferred, cl, entry);
+		control_write_line(c, cl->line);
+		free(cl);
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a line of command output or error text. This is a sink for arbitrary
+ * user-controlled text (command output, capture-pane, error messages), so it
+ * must never try to interpret the content: guard tracking is done only in
+ * control_write_guard.
+ */
+void
+control_write(struct client *c, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	va_list	 ap;
+	char	*line;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	xvasprintf(&line, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
+
+	control_write_line(c, line);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a %begin, %end or %error guard around a command's output. This is the
+ * only place guard lines are produced, so the block depth is maintained here;
+ * when the outermost block closes any deferred notifications are flushed after
+ * it. "guard" is always one of the fixed strings from cmdq_guard, never user
+ * text.
+ */
+void
+control_write_guard(struct client *c, const char *guard, long t, u_int number,
+    int flags)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	char			*line;
+
+	if (strcmp(guard, "begin") == 0)
+		cs->guard_depth++;
+
+	xasprintf(&line, "%%%s %ld %u %d", guard, t, number, flags);
+	control_write_line(c, line);
+
+	if (strcmp(guard, "begin") != 0 && cs->guard_depth > 0 &&
+	    --cs->guard_depth == 0)
+		control_flush_deferred(c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a notification line. Notifications must never appear inside a command's
+ * %begin/%end guard block, so if one is open the line is deferred until it
+ * closes.
+ */
+void
+control_notify_write(struct client *c, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_line	*cl;
+	va_list			 ap;
+	char			*line;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	xvasprintf(&line, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	if (cs->guard_depth == 0) {
+		control_write_line(c, line);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	log_debug("%s: %s: deferring notification: %s", __func__, c->name,
+	    line);
+	cl = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cl);
+	cl->line = line;
+	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cs->deferred, cl, entry);
 }
 
 /* Check age for this pane. */
@@ -452,7 +543,7 @@ control_check_age(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp,
 			return (0);
 		cp->flags |= CONTROL_PANE_PAUSED;
 		control_discard_pane(c, cp);
-		control_write(c, "%%pause %%%u", wp->id);
+		control_notify_write(c, "%%pause %%%u", wp->id);
 	} else {
 		if (age < CONTROL_MAXIMUM_AGE)
 			return (0);
@@ -475,7 +566,7 @@ control_write_output(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 	if (winlink_find_by_window(&c->session->windows, wp->window) == NULL)
 		return;
 
-	if (c->flags & CONTROL_IGNORE_FLAGS) {
+	if (c->flags & (CONTROL_IGNORE_FLAGS|CLIENT_EXIT)) {
 		cp = control_get_pane(c, wp);
 		if (cp != NULL)
 			goto ignore;
@@ -550,8 +641,9 @@ control_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	struct evbuffer		*buffer = cs->read_event->input;
 	char			*line, *error;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
-	enum cmd_parse_status	 status;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		line = evbuffer_readln(buffer, NULL, EVBUFFER_EOL_LF);
@@ -565,9 +657,14 @@ control_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 		}
 
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, CMDQ_STATE_CONTROL);
-		status = cmd_parse_and_append(line, NULL, c, state, &error);
-		if (status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR)
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(line, NULL, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL)
 			cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_callback(control_error, error));
+		else {
+			new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
+			cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
+		}
 		cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 		free(line);
@@ -585,6 +682,53 @@ control_all_done(struct client *c)
 	return (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(cs->write_event->output) == 0);
 }
 
+/*
+ * Wait for the terminal to send an empty line or close, used by a control
+ * client after printing %exit so a wrapping terminal (such as iTerm2) can
+ * finish reading.
+ */
+void
+control_wait_exit(int fd)
+{
+	struct pollfd	 pfd;
+	struct evbuffer	*evb;
+	char		*line;
+	int		 n;
+
+	evb = evbuffer_new();
+	if (evb == NULL)
+		fatalx("out of memory");
+
+	for (;;) {
+		line = evbuffer_readln(evb, NULL, EVBUFFER_EOL_LF);
+		if (line != NULL) {
+			if (*line == '\0') { /* empty line, stop */
+				free(line);
+				break;
+			}
+			free(line);
+			continue; /* drain buffered lines first */
+		}
+
+		memset(&pfd, 0, sizeof pfd);
+		pfd.fd = fd;
+		pfd.events = POLLIN;
+		if (poll(&pfd, 1, INFTIM) == -1) {
+			if (errno == EINTR)
+				continue;
+			break;
+		}
+
+		n = evbuffer_read(evb, fd, -1);
+		if (n == 0)
+			break;
+		if (n == -1 && errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	evbuffer_free(evb);
+}
+
 /* Flush all blocks until output. */
 static void
 control_flush_all_blocks(struct client *c)
@@ -610,7 +754,7 @@ control_append_data(struct client *c, struct control_pane *cp, uint64_t age,
     struct evbuffer *message, struct window_pane *wp, size_t size)
 {
 	u_char	*new_data;
-	size_t	 new_size;
+	size_t	 new_size, start;
 	u_int	 i;
 
 	if (message == NULL) {
@@ -629,10 +773,16 @@ control_append_data(struct client *c, struct control_pane *cp, uint64_t age,
 	if (new_size < size)
 		fatalx("not enough data: %zu < %zu", new_size, size);
 	for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-		if (new_data[i] < ' ' || new_data[i] == '\\')
+		if (new_data[i] < ' ' || new_data[i] == '\\') {
 			evbuffer_add_printf(message, "\\%03o", new_data[i]);
-		else
-			evbuffer_add_printf(message, "%c", new_data[i]);
+		} else {
+			start = i;
+			while (i + 1 < size &&
+			    new_data[i + 1] >= ' ' &&
+			    new_data[i + 1] != '\\')
+				i++;
+			evbuffer_add(message, new_data + start, i - start + 1);
+		}
 	}
 	window_pane_update_used_data(wp, &cp->offset, size);
 	return (message);
@@ -754,6 +904,33 @@ control_write_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 		bufferevent_disable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
 }
 
+/* Write a subscription change. */
+static void
+control_sub_change(struct monitor_change *change, __unused void *data)
+{
+	struct client		*c = change->c;
+	struct session		*s = change->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl = change->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = change->wp;
+	struct window		*w;
+
+	if (wp != NULL) {
+		w = wp->window;
+		control_notify_write(c,
+		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u %%%u : %s",
+		    change->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, wp->id, change->value);
+	} else if (wl != NULL) {
+		w = wl->window;
+		control_notify_write(c,
+		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u - : %s",
+		    change->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, change->value);
+	} else {
+		control_notify_write(c,
+		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u - - - : %s",
+		    change->name, s->id, change->value);
+	}
+}
+
 /* Initialize for control mode. */
 void
 control_start(struct client *c)
@@ -769,9 +946,11 @@ control_start(struct client *c)
 
 	cs = c->control_state = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cs);
 	RB_INIT(&cs->panes);
+	RB_INIT(&cs->windows);
 	TAILQ_INIT(&cs->pending_list);
 	TAILQ_INIT(&cs->all_blocks);
-	RB_INIT(&cs->subs);
+	TAILQ_INIT(&cs->deferred);
+	cs->subs = monitor_create_client(c, control_sub_change, NULL);
 
 	cs->read_event = bufferevent_new(c->fd, control_read_callback,
 	    control_write_callback, control_error_callback, c);
@@ -814,292 +993,63 @@ control_discard(struct client *c)
 	bufferevent_disable(cs->read_event, EV_READ);
 }
 
+/* Discard all tmux-owned queued control blocks and stop writing. */
+void
+control_discard_all(struct client *c)
+{
+	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
+	struct control_block	*cb, *cb1;
+
+	control_discard(c);
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cb, &cs->all_blocks, all_entry, cb1)
+		control_free_block(cs, cb);
+	bufferevent_disable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
+}
+
 /* Stop control mode. */
 void
 control_stop(struct client *c)
 {
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	struct control_block	*cb, *cb1;
-	struct control_sub	*csub, *csub1;
+	struct control_window	*cw, *cw1;
+	struct control_line	*cl, *cl1;
+
+	if (cs == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	monitor_destroy(cs->subs);
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cl, &cs->deferred, entry, cl1) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&cs->deferred, cl, entry);
+		free(cl->line);
+		free(cl);
+	}
 
 	if (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROLCONTROL)
 		bufferevent_free(cs->write_event);
 	bufferevent_free(cs->read_event);
 
-	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(csub, control_subs, &cs->subs, csub1)
-		control_free_sub(cs, csub);
-	if (evtimer_initialized(&cs->subs_timer))
-		evtimer_del(&cs->subs_timer);
-
+	control_reset_offsets(c);
+	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(cw, control_windows, &cs->windows, cw1) {
+		RB_REMOVE(control_windows, &cs->windows, cw);
+		free(cw);
+	}
 	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cb, &cs->all_blocks, all_entry, cb1)
 		control_free_block(cs, cb);
-	control_reset_offsets(c);
 
+	c->control_state = NULL;
 	free(cs);
 }
 
-/* Check session subscription. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_session(struct client *c, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct session		*s = c->session;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	char			*value;
-
-	ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, NULL, NULL);
-	value = format_expand(ft, csub->format);
-	format_free(ft);
-
-	if (csub->last != NULL && strcmp(value, csub->last) == 0) {
-		free(value);
-		return;
-	}
-	control_write(c,
-	    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u - - - : %s",
-	    csub->name, s->id, value);
-	free(csub->last);
-	csub->last = value;
-}
-
-/* Check pane subscription. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_pane(struct client *c, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct session		*s = c->session;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	struct window		*w;
-	struct winlink		*wl;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	char			*value;
-	struct control_sub_pane	*csp, find;
-
-	wp = window_pane_find_by_id(csub->id);
-	if (wp == NULL || wp->fd == -1)
-		return;
-	w = wp->window;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &w->winlinks, wentry) {
-		if (wl->session != s)
-			continue;
-
-		ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, wl, wp);
-		value = format_expand(ft, csub->format);
-		format_free(ft);
-
-		find.pane = wp->id;
-		find.idx = wl->idx;
-
-		csp = RB_FIND(control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, &find);
-		if (csp == NULL) {
-			csp = xcalloc(1, sizeof *csp);
-			csp->pane = wp->id;
-			csp->idx = wl->idx;
-			RB_INSERT(control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, csp);
-		}
-
-		if (csp->last != NULL && strcmp(value, csp->last) == 0) {
-			free(value);
-			continue;
-		}
-		control_write(c,
-		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u %%%u : %s",
-		    csub->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, wp->id, value);
-		free(csp->last);
-		csp->last = value;
-	}
-}
-
-/* Check all panes subscription. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_all_panes(struct client *c, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct session		*s = c->session;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	struct window		*w;
-	struct winlink		*wl;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	char			*value;
-	struct control_sub_pane	*csp, find;
-
-	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-		w = wl->window;
-		TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
-			ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, wl, wp);
-			value = format_expand(ft, csub->format);
-			format_free(ft);
-
-			find.pane = wp->id;
-			find.idx = wl->idx;
-
-			csp = RB_FIND(control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, &find);
-			if (csp == NULL) {
-				csp = xcalloc(1, sizeof *csp);
-				csp->pane = wp->id;
-				csp->idx = wl->idx;
-				RB_INSERT(control_sub_panes, &csub->panes, csp);
-			}
-
-			if (csp->last != NULL &&
-			    strcmp(value, csp->last) == 0) {
-				free(value);
-				continue;
-			}
-			control_write(c,
-			    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u %%%u : %s",
-			    csub->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, wp->id, value);
-			free(csp->last);
-			csp->last = value;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-/* Check window subscription. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_window(struct client *c, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct session			*s = c->session;
-	struct window			*w;
-	struct winlink			*wl;
-	struct format_tree		*ft;
-	char				*value;
-	struct control_sub_window	*csw, find;
-
-	w = window_find_by_id(csub->id);
-	if (w == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wl, &w->winlinks, wentry) {
-		if (wl->session != s)
-			continue;
-
-		ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, wl, NULL);
-		value = format_expand(ft, csub->format);
-		format_free(ft);
-
-		find.window = w->id;
-		find.idx = wl->idx;
-
-		csw = RB_FIND(control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, &find);
-		if (csw == NULL) {
-			csw = xcalloc(1, sizeof *csw);
-			csw->window = w->id;
-			csw->idx = wl->idx;
-			RB_INSERT(control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, csw);
-		}
-
-		if (csw->last != NULL && strcmp(value, csw->last) == 0) {
-			free(value);
-			continue;
-		}
-		control_write(c,
-		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u - : %s",
-		    csub->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, value);
-		free(csw->last);
-		csw->last = value;
-	}
-}
-
-/* Check all windows subscription. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_all_windows(struct client *c, struct control_sub *csub)
-{
-	struct session			*s = c->session;
-	struct window			*w;
-	struct winlink			*wl;
-	struct format_tree		*ft;
-	char				*value;
-	struct control_sub_window	*csw, find;
-
-	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-		w = wl->window;
-
-		ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, wl, NULL);
-		value = format_expand(ft, csub->format);
-		format_free(ft);
-
-		find.window = w->id;
-		find.idx = wl->idx;
-
-		csw = RB_FIND(control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, &find);
-		if (csw == NULL) {
-			csw = xcalloc(1, sizeof *csw);
-			csw->window = w->id;
-			csw->idx = wl->idx;
-			RB_INSERT(control_sub_windows, &csub->windows, csw);
-		}
-
-		if (csw->last != NULL && strcmp(value, csw->last) == 0) {
-			free(value);
-			continue;
-		}
-		control_write(c,
-		    "%%subscription-changed %s $%u @%u %u - : %s",
-		    csub->name, s->id, w->id, wl->idx, value);
-		free(csw->last);
-		csw->last = value;
-	}
-}
-
-/* Check subscriptions timer. */
-static void
-control_check_subs_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void *data)
-{
-	struct client		*c = data;
-	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	struct control_sub	*csub, *csub1;
-	struct timeval		 tv = { .tv_sec = 1 };
-
-	log_debug("%s: timer fired", __func__);
-	evtimer_add(&cs->subs_timer, &tv);
-
-	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(csub, control_subs, &cs->subs, csub1) {
-		switch (csub->type) {
-		case CONTROL_SUB_SESSION:
-			control_check_subs_session(c, csub);
-			break;
-		case CONTROL_SUB_PANE:
-			control_check_subs_pane(c, csub);
-			break;
-		case CONTROL_SUB_ALL_PANES:
-			control_check_subs_all_panes(c, csub);
-			break;
-		case CONTROL_SUB_WINDOW:
-			control_check_subs_window(c, csub);
-			break;
-		case CONTROL_SUB_ALL_WINDOWS:
-			control_check_subs_all_windows(c, csub);
-			break;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 /* Add a subscription. */
 void
-control_add_sub(struct client *c, const char *name, enum control_sub_type type,
+control_add_sub(struct client *c, const char *name, enum monitor_type type,
     int id, const char *format)
 {
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	struct control_sub	*csub, find;
-	struct timeval		 tv = { .tv_sec = 1 };
 
-	find.name = (char *)name;
-	if ((csub = RB_FIND(control_subs, &cs->subs, &find)) != NULL)
-		control_free_sub(cs, csub);
-
-	csub = xcalloc(1, sizeof *csub);
-	csub->name = xstrdup(name);
-	csub->type = type;
-	csub->id = id;
-	csub->format = xstrdup(format);
-	RB_INSERT(control_subs, &cs->subs, csub);
-
-	RB_INIT(&csub->panes);
-	RB_INIT(&csub->windows);
-
-	if (!evtimer_initialized(&cs->subs_timer))
-		evtimer_set(&cs->subs_timer, control_check_subs_timer, c);
-	if (!evtimer_pending(&cs->subs_timer, NULL))
-		evtimer_add(&cs->subs_timer, &tv);
+	monitor_add(cs->subs, name, type, id, format, MONITOR_NOTIFY_INITIAL);
 }
 
 /* Remove a subscription. */
@@ -1107,11 +1057,6 @@ void
 control_remove_sub(struct client *c, const char *name)
 {
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	struct control_sub	*csub, find;
 
-	find.name = (char *)name;
-	if ((csub = RB_FIND(control_subs, &cs->subs, &find)) != NULL)
-		control_free_sub(cs, csub);
-	if (RB_EMPTY(&cs->subs))
-		evtimer_del(&cs->subs_timer);
+	monitor_remove(cs->subs, name);
 }

environ.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: environ.c,v 1.31 2026/06/13 20:07:30 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -57,6 +57,9 @@ environ_free(struct environ *env)
 {
 	struct environ_entry	*envent, *envent1;
 
+	if (env == NULL)
+		return;
+
 	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(envent, environ, env, envent1) {
 		RB_REMOVE(environ, env, envent);
 		free(envent->name);
@@ -149,7 +152,8 @@ environ_clear(struct environ *env, const char *name)
 void
 environ_put(struct environ *env, const char *var, int flags)
 {
-	char	*name, *value;
+	char		*name;
+	const char	*value;
 
 	value = strchr(var, '=');
 	if (value == NULL)
@@ -263,11 +267,6 @@ environ_for_session(struct session *s, int no_TERM)
 		environ_set(env, "TERM_PROGRAM", 0, "%s", "tmux");
 		environ_set(env, "TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION", 0, "%s", getversion());
 		environ_set(env, "COLORTERM", 0, "truecolor");
-	} else {
-		environ_unset(env, "TERM");
-		environ_unset(env, "TERM_PROGRAM");
-		environ_unset(env, "TERM_PROGRAM_VERSION");
-		environ_unset(env, "COLORTERM");
 	}
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD

events-payload.c

@@ -0,0 +1,672 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: events-payload.c,v 1.1 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <event.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+
+/* Event payload item. */
+struct event_payload_item {
+	char					*name;
+	enum event_payload_type			 type;
+
+	union {
+		char				*string;
+		time_t				 time;
+		int				 number;
+		u_int				 unsigned_number;
+		struct client			*client;
+		struct session			*session;
+		struct window			*window;
+		struct window_pane		*pane;
+		struct {
+			void			*ptr;
+			event_payload_free_cb	 free_cb;
+			event_payload_print_cb	 print_cb;
+		} pointer;
+	};
+
+	RB_ENTRY(event_payload_item)	 entry;
+};
+
+RB_HEAD(event_payload_tree, event_payload_item);
+
+struct event_payload {
+	struct event_payload_tree	 items;
+	struct cmd_find_state		 target;
+};
+
+static int
+event_payload_cmp(struct event_payload_item *epi1,
+    struct event_payload_item *epi2)
+{
+	return (strcmp(epi1->name, epi2->name));
+}
+RB_GENERATE_STATIC(event_payload_tree, event_payload_item, entry,
+    event_payload_cmp);
+
+/* Find an item. */
+static struct event_payload_item *
+event_payload_find(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	find = { .name = (char *)name };
+
+	return (RB_FIND(event_payload_tree, &ep->items, &find));
+}
+
+/* Free the target in a payload. */
+static void
+event_payload_free_target(struct event_payload *ep)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = &ep->target;
+
+	if (target->s != NULL)
+		session_remove_ref(target->s, __func__);
+	if (target->w != NULL)
+		window_remove_ref(target->w, __func__);
+	if (target->wp != NULL)
+		window_pane_remove_ref(target->wp, __func__);
+
+	cmd_find_clear_state(target, 0);
+}
+
+/* Free the value in an item. */
+static void
+event_payload_free_value(struct event_payload_item *epi)
+{
+	switch (epi->type) {
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_STRING:
+		free(epi->string);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_CLIENT:
+		server_client_unref(epi->client);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_SESSION:
+		session_remove_ref(epi->session, __func__);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_WINDOW:
+		window_remove_ref(epi->window, __func__);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_PANE:
+		window_pane_remove_ref(epi->pane, __func__);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_POINTER:
+		if (epi->pointer.free_cb != NULL)
+			epi->pointer.free_cb(epi->pointer.ptr);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_INT:
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_UINT:
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_TIME:
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Set an item. */
+static void
+event_payload_set_item(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    struct event_payload_item *new)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*old;
+
+	new->name = xstrdup(name);
+	old = RB_INSERT(event_payload_tree, &ep->items, new);
+	if (old != NULL) {
+		RB_REMOVE(event_payload_tree, &ep->items, old);
+		event_payload_free_value(old);
+		free(old->name);
+		free(old);
+		RB_INSERT(event_payload_tree, &ep->items, new);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Create an event payload. */
+struct event_payload *
+event_payload_create(void)
+{
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+
+	ep = xcalloc(1, sizeof *ep);
+	RB_INIT(&ep->items);
+	cmd_find_clear_state(&ep->target, 0);
+	return (ep);
+}
+
+/* Free an event payload. */
+void
+event_payload_free(struct event_payload *ep)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi, *epi1;
+
+	if (ep != NULL) {
+		RB_FOREACH_SAFE(epi, event_payload_tree, &ep->items, epi1) {
+			RB_REMOVE(event_payload_tree, &ep->items, epi);
+			event_payload_free_value(epi);
+			free(epi->name);
+			free(epi);
+		}
+		event_payload_free_target(ep);
+		free(ep);
+	}
+}
+
+/* Set the target. */
+void
+event_payload_set_target(struct event_payload *ep, struct cmd_find_state *fs)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = &ep->target;
+
+	event_payload_free_target(ep);
+
+	if (fs->s != NULL) {
+		session_add_ref(fs->s, __func__);
+		target->s = fs->s;
+	}
+	if (fs->wl != NULL) {
+		target->idx = fs->wl->idx;
+		if (target->s == NULL) {
+			session_add_ref(fs->wl->session, __func__);
+			target->s = fs->wl->session;
+		}
+	} else
+		target->idx = -1;
+	if (fs->w != NULL) {
+		window_add_ref(fs->w, __func__);
+		target->w = fs->w;
+	} else if (fs->wl != NULL) {
+		window_add_ref(fs->wl->window, __func__);
+		target->w = fs->wl->window;
+	}
+	if (fs->wp != NULL) {
+		window_pane_add_ref(fs->wp, __func__);
+		target->wp = fs->wp;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Get the target. */
+int
+event_payload_get_target(struct event_payload *ep, struct cmd_find_state *fs)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*t = &ep->target;
+	struct winlink		*wl = NULL;
+	int			 flags = fs->flags;
+
+	if (t->idx != -1 &&
+	    t->s != NULL &&
+	    t->w != NULL &&
+	    session_alive(t->s)) {
+		wl = winlink_find_by_index(&t->s->windows, t->idx);
+		if (wl != NULL && wl->window != t->w)
+			wl = NULL;
+	}
+
+	cmd_find_clear_state(fs, flags);
+	fs->s = t->s;
+	fs->w = t->w;
+	fs->wp = t->wp;
+	fs->wl = wl;
+	fs->idx = (wl != NULL ? wl->idx : -1);
+	if (cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+		return (1);
+
+	if (wl != NULL &&
+	    t->wp != NULL &&
+	    window_has_pane(wl->window, t->wp)) {
+		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(fs, wl, t->wp, flags);
+		if (cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+			return (1);
+	}
+
+	if (t->wp != NULL &&
+	    cmd_find_from_pane(fs, t->wp, flags) == 0 &&
+	    cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+		return (1);
+
+	if (wl != NULL) {
+		cmd_find_from_winlink(fs, wl, flags);
+		if (cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+			return (1);
+	}
+
+	if (t->s != NULL &&
+	    t->w != NULL &&
+	    session_alive(t->s) &&
+	    cmd_find_from_session_window(fs, t->s, t->w, flags) == 0 &&
+	    cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+		return (1);
+
+	if (t->s != NULL && session_alive(t->s)) {
+		cmd_find_from_session(fs, t->s, flags);
+		if (cmd_find_valid_state(fs))
+			return (1);
+	}
+
+	if (cmd_find_from_nothing(fs, flags) == 0)
+		return (1);
+
+	cmd_find_clear_state(fs, flags);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Set a string item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_string(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+	va_list				 ap;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_STRING;
+	xvasprintf(&epi->string, fmt, ap);
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+
+	va_end(ap);
+}
+
+/* Set a time item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_time(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    time_t value)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_TIME;
+	epi->time = value;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a number item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_int(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name, int value)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_INT;
+	epi->number = value;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set an unsigned number item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_uint(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name, u_int value)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_UINT;
+	epi->unsigned_number = value;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a client item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_client(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    struct client *c)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	c->references++;
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_CLIENT;
+	epi->client = c;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a session item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_session(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    struct session *s)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	session_add_ref(s, __func__);
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_SESSION;
+	epi->session = s;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a window item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_window(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    struct window *w)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	window_add_ref(w, __func__);
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_WINDOW;
+	epi->window = w;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a pane item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_pane(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	window_pane_add_ref(wp, __func__);
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_PANE;
+	epi->pane = wp;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Set a pointer item. */
+void
+event_payload_set_pointer(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name,
+    void *ptr, event_payload_free_cb free_cb, event_payload_print_cb print_cb)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = xcalloc(1, sizeof *epi);
+	epi->type = EVENT_PAYLOAD_POINTER;
+	epi->pointer.ptr = ptr;
+	epi->pointer.free_cb = free_cb;
+	epi->pointer.print_cb = print_cb;
+	event_payload_set_item(ep, name, epi);
+}
+
+/* Get a string item. */
+const char *
+event_payload_get_string(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_STRING)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->string);
+}
+
+/* Print a payload item. */
+static void
+event_payload_add_item(struct event_payload_item *epi, struct evbuffer *evb)
+{
+	switch (epi->type) {
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_STRING:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%s", epi->string);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_TIME:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%lld", (long long)epi->time);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_INT:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%d", epi->number);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_UINT:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%u", epi->unsigned_number);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_CLIENT:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%s", epi->client->name);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_SESSION:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "$%u", epi->session->id);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_WINDOW:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "@%u", epi->window->id);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_PANE:
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%%%u", epi->pane->id);
+		break;
+	case EVENT_PAYLOAD_POINTER:
+		if (epi->pointer.print_cb != NULL)
+			epi->pointer.print_cb(epi->pointer.ptr, evb);
+		else
+			evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%p", epi->pointer.ptr);
+		break;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Print a payload item. */
+char *
+event_payload_item_print(struct event_payload_item *epi)
+{
+	struct evbuffer			*evb;
+	char				*value = NULL;
+	size_t				 size;
+
+	evb = evbuffer_new();
+	if (evb == NULL)
+		fatalx("out of memory");
+	event_payload_add_item(epi, evb);
+	if ((size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb)) != 0)
+		value = xmemdup(EVBUFFER_DATA(evb), size);
+	else
+		value = xstrdup("");
+	evbuffer_free(evb);
+	return (value);
+}
+
+/* Print an item value. */
+char *
+event_payload_print(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (event_payload_item_print(epi));
+}
+
+/* Add payload items as formats. */
+void
+event_payload_add_formats(struct event_payload *ep, struct format_tree *ft,
+    const char *prefix)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+	char				*name, *value;
+	const char			*key;
+
+	if (prefix == NULL)
+		prefix = "";
+
+	RB_FOREACH(epi, event_payload_tree, &ep->items) {
+		key = epi->name;
+		if (*key == '_')
+			continue;
+
+		value = event_payload_item_print(epi);
+		xasprintf(&name, "%s%s", prefix, key);
+		format_add(ft, name, "%s", value);
+		free(name);
+		free(value);
+
+		if (epi->type == EVENT_PAYLOAD_SESSION) {
+			xasprintf(&name, "%s%s_name", prefix, key);
+			format_add(ft, name, "%s", epi->session->name);
+			free(name);
+		} else if (epi->type == EVENT_PAYLOAD_WINDOW) {
+			xasprintf(&name, "%s%s_name", prefix, key);
+			format_add(ft, name, "%s", epi->window->name);
+			free(name);
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/* Get the first payload item. */
+struct event_payload_item *
+event_payload_first(struct event_payload *ep)
+{
+	return (RB_MIN(event_payload_tree, &ep->items));
+}
+
+/* Get the next payload item. */
+struct event_payload_item *
+event_payload_next(struct event_payload_item *epi)
+{
+	return (RB_NEXT(event_payload_tree, , epi));
+}
+
+/* Get a payload item name. */
+const char *
+event_payload_item_name(struct event_payload_item *epi)
+{
+	return (epi->name);
+}
+
+/* Get a payload item type. */
+enum event_payload_type
+event_payload_item_type(struct event_payload_item *epi)
+{
+	return (epi->type);
+}
+
+/* Log a payload. */
+void
+event_payload_log(struct event_payload *ep, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+	struct evbuffer			*evb;
+	va_list				 ap;
+	char				*prefix;
+
+	va_start(ap, fmt);
+	xvasprintf(&prefix, fmt, ap);
+	va_end(ap);
+
+	evb = evbuffer_new();
+	if (evb == NULL)
+		fatalx("out of memory");
+	if (ep != NULL) {
+		RB_FOREACH(epi, event_payload_tree, &ep->items) {
+			if (EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb) != 0)
+				evbuffer_add_printf(evb, ", ");
+			evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%s=", epi->name);
+			event_payload_add_item(epi, evb);
+		}
+	}
+	log_debug("%s%.*s", prefix, (int)EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb),
+	    (char *)EVBUFFER_DATA(evb));
+	evbuffer_free(evb);
+	free(prefix);
+}
+
+/* Get a time item. */
+time_t
+event_payload_get_time(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_TIME)
+		return (0);
+	return (epi->time);
+}
+
+/* Get a number item. */
+int
+event_payload_get_int(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name, int *value)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_INT)
+		return (-1);
+	*value = epi->number;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Get an unsigned number item. */
+int
+event_payload_get_uint(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name, u_int *value)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_UINT)
+		return (-1);
+	*value = epi->unsigned_number;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Get a client item. */
+struct client *
+event_payload_get_client(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_CLIENT)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->client);
+}
+
+/* Get a session item. */
+struct session *
+event_payload_get_session(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_SESSION)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->session);
+}
+
+/* Get a window item. */
+struct window *
+event_payload_get_window(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_WINDOW)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->window);
+}
+
+/* Get a pane item. */
+struct window_pane *
+event_payload_get_pane(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_PANE)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->pane);
+}
+
+/* Get a pointer item. */
+void *
+event_payload_get_pointer(struct event_payload *ep, const char *name)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+
+	epi = event_payload_find(ep, name);
+	if (epi == NULL || epi->type != EVENT_PAYLOAD_POINTER)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (epi->pointer.ptr);
+}