fix inTypeofContext leaking after compiles raises exception [backport:2.0] (#24152)

fixes #24150, refs #22022

An exception is raised in the `semExprWithType` call, which means `dec
c.inTypeofContext` is never called, but `compiles` allows compilation to
continue. This means `c.inTypeofContext` is left perpetually nonzero,
which prevents `compileTime` evaluation for the rest of the program.

To fix this, `defer:` is used for the `dec c.inTypeofContext` call, as
is done for
[`instCounter`](d51d88700b/compiler/seminst.nim (L374))
in other parts of the compiler.

(cherry picked from commit a1777200c1)

compiler/semmagic.nim

@@ -48,8 +48,8 @@ proc semTypeOf(c: PContext; n: PNode): PNode =
       m = mode.intVal
   result = newNodeI(nkTypeOfExpr, n.info)
   inc c.inTypeofContext
+  defer: dec c.inTypeofContext # compiles can raise an exception
   let typExpr = semExprWithType(c, n[1], if m == 1: {efInTypeof} else: {})
-  dec c.inTypeofContext
   result.add typExpr
   result.typ = makeTypeDesc(c, typExpr.typ)
 

compiler/semtypes.nim

@@ -1808,8 +1808,8 @@ proc semStaticType(c: PContext, childNode: PNode, prev: PType): PType =
 proc semTypeOf(c: PContext; n: PNode; prev: PType): PType =
   openScope(c)
   inc c.inTypeofContext
+  defer: dec c.inTypeofContext # compiles can raise an exception
   let t = semExprWithType(c, n, {efInTypeof})
-  dec c.inTypeofContext
   closeScope(c)
   fixupTypeOf(c, prev, t)
   result = t.typ
@@ -1824,8 +1824,8 @@ proc semTypeOf2(c: PContext; n: PNode; prev: PType): PType =
     else:
       m = mode.intVal
   inc c.inTypeofContext
+  defer: dec c.inTypeofContext # compiles can raise an exception
   let t = semExprWithType(c, n[1], if m == 1: {efInTypeof} else: {})
-  dec c.inTypeofContext
   closeScope(c)
   fixupTypeOf(c, prev, t)
   result = t.typ

tests/vm/tgenericcompiletimeproc.nim

@@ -27,3 +27,10 @@ block:
   proc p(x: int): int = x
 
   type Foo = typeof(p(fail(123)))
+
+block: # issue #24150, related regression
+  proc w(T: type): T {.compileTime.} = default(ptr T)[]
+  template y(v: auto): auto = typeof(v) is int
+  discard compiles(y(w int))
+  proc s(): int {.compileTime.} = discard
+  discard s()