fixes #11797; fix C type hashes for imported aliases (#26150)

Fixes #11797.

Imported scalar and pointer aliases inherit their external C spelling,
but
receive a different Nim symbol. Signature hashing previously used that
symbol
identity, so aliases that emit exactly the same C type could produce
different
  backend names for tuples, sequences, and other generic types.

  For example, `cint` and `type CIntAlias = cint` both emit `int`, but
`seq[cint]` and `seq[CIntAlias]` could be emitted as incompatible C
structs.
The Nim type checker nevertheless permits assignments and calls between
them,
  causing the generated C or C++ compilation to fail.

This changes the backend hash to use the external type spelling when
available.
A symbol-based fallback remains for imported types without a resolved
spelling.

The change deliberately does not collapse imported types into their
underlying
Nim builtin. Types such as `pid_t`, imported pointers with qualifiers,
and
  platform typedefs may require distinct backend representations.

  ## NIF and incremental compilation

This does not change NIF serialization, NIF type keys, or the IC cache
format.
The bug is in backend type-name generation. An IC regression test is
included
to ensure that the corrected backend identity is preserved when
compilation
  passes through the NIF pipeline.

  ## Tests

  The regressions cover:

- tuple and sequence assignments between an imported type and its alias
  - cross-module sequence parameters and mutation
  - C and C++ backends
  - NIF-backed incremental compilation

  Existing C-type tests were also run under C/C++, refc, and ARC.

  ## Remaining scope

This does not solve the broader question of compatibility between
imported and
  builtin types that have different backend identities, such as
  `seq[cdouble]` and `seq[float]`. That remains tracked by #19374.

(cherry picked from commit 33ee586913)

compiler/sighashes.nim

@@ -143,7 +143,11 @@ proc hashType(c: var MD5Context, t: PType; flags: set[ConsiderFlag]; conf: Confi
     # backend spelling instead of collapsing into the generic Nim builtin:
     c &= char(t.kind)
     if t.sym != nil and {sfImportc, sfExportc} * t.sym.flags != {}:
-      c.hashSym(t.sym)
+      # Aliases inherit the external name, but have a different symbol.
+      if t.sym.loc.snippet != "":
+        c &= t.sym.loc.snippet
+      else:
+        c.hashSym(t.sym)
   of tyObject, tyEnum:
     if t.typeInst != nil:
       # prevent against infinite recursions here, see bug #8883:

tests/ccgbugs/mseq_importc_alias.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+proc resizeCints*(s: var seq[cint], n: int) =
+  s.setLen(n)
+
+proc cintLen*(s: seq[cint]): int =
+  result = s.len

tests/ccgbugs/tseq_importc_alias_crossmod.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+discard """
+  action: run
+  targets: "c cpp"
+"""
+
+import mseq_importc_alias
+
+type CIntAlias = cint
+
+var fds: seq[CIntAlias]
+doAssert cintLen(@[1.cint, 2.cint]) == 2
+doAssert cintLen(fds) == 0
+resizeCints(fds, 3)
+fds[1] = CIntAlias(7)
+doAssert cintLen(fds) == 3

tests/ccgbugs/tseq_importc_alias_mangle.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+discard """
+  action: run
+  targets: "c cpp"
+"""
+
+type CIntAlias = cint
+
+var x: (cint,) = (1.cint,)
+var y: (CIntAlias,) = x
+x = y
+doAssert x[0] == 1.cint
+
+var a: seq[cint]
+var b: seq[CIntAlias]
+a.add 1.cint
+a.add 2.cint
+b = a
+a = b
+doAssert a[0] == 1.cint
+doAssert b[1] == CIntAlias(2)

tests/ic/timportcalias.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+import ../ccgbugs/mseq_importc_alias
+
+type CIntAlias = cint
+
+var values: seq[CIntAlias]
+resizeCints(values, 2)
+doAssert cintLen(values) == 2