mirrors/Nim
1
0
Fork 0
mirror of https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim.git synced 2025-12-29 01:14:41 +00:00
Code Issues Packages Projects Releases Wiki Activity

Promote "echo" syntax without parenthesis

Browse Source
This commit is contained in:
Adam Stankiewicz
2016-01-26 09:40:44 +01:00
parent 4246f660ea
commit cd574d1976
7 changed files with 93 additions and 93 deletions
Download Patch File Download Diff File Expand all files Collapse all files

10
doc/manual/exceptions.txt
View File

@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@ Example:
try:
var a = readLine(f)
var b = readLine(f)
echo("sum: " & $(parseInt(a) + parseInt(b)))
echo "sum: " & $(parseInt(a + parseInt(b)))
except OverflowError:
echo("overflow!")
echo "overflow!"
except ValueError:
echo("could not convert string to integer")
echo "could not convert string to integer"
except IOError:
echo("IO error!")
echo "IO error!"
except:
echo("Unknown exception!")
echo "Unknown exception!"
finally:
close(f)

2
doc/manual/modules.txt
View File

@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ modules don't need to import a module's dependencies:
# B.MyObject has been imported implicitly here:
var x: MyObject
echo($x)
echo $x
Note on paths
-----------

10
doc/manual/procs.txt
View File

@@ -129,9 +129,9 @@ to supply any type of first argument for procedures:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("abc".len) # is the same as echo(len("abc"))
echo("abc".toUpper())
echo({'a', 'b', 'c'}.card)
echo "abc".len # is the same as echo len "abc"
echo "abc".toUpper()
echo {'a', 'b', 'c'}.card
stdout.writeLine("Hallo") # the same as writeLine(stdout, "Hallo")
Another way to look at the method call syntax is that it provides the missing
@@ -486,7 +486,7 @@ state are automatically saved between calls. Example:
inc(i)
for ch in items("hello world"): # `ch` is an iteration variable
echo(ch)
echo ch
The compiler generates code as if the programmer would have written this:
@@ -494,7 +494,7 @@ The compiler generates code as if the programmer would have written this:
var i = 0
while i < len(a):
var ch = a[i]
echo(ch)
echo ch
inc(i)
If the iterator yields a tuple, there can be as many iteration variables

32
doc/manual/stmts.txt
View File

@@ -234,11 +234,11 @@ Example:
var name = readLine(stdin)
if name == "Andreas":
echo("What a nice name!")
echo "What a nice name!"
elif name == "":
echo("Don't you have a name?")
echo "Don't you have a name?"
else:
echo("Boring name...")
echo "Boring name..."
The ``if`` statement is a simple way to make a branch in the control flow:
The expression after the keyword ``if`` is evaluated, if it is true
@@ -269,17 +269,17 @@ Example:
case readline(stdin)
of "delete-everything", "restart-computer":
echo("permission denied")
of "go-for-a-walk": echo("please yourself")
else: echo("unknown command")
echo "permission denied"
of "go-for-a-walk": echo "please yourself"
else: echo "unknown command"
# indentation of the branches is also allowed; and so is an optional colon
# after the selecting expression:
case readline(stdin):
of "delete-everything", "restart-computer":
echo("permission denied")
of "go-for-a-walk": echo("please yourself")
else: echo("unknown command")
echo "permission denied"
of "go-for-a-walk": echo "please yourself"
else: echo "unknown command"
The ``case`` statement is similar to the if statement, but it represents
@@ -326,13 +326,13 @@ Example:
.. code-block:: nim
when sizeof(int) == 2:
echo("running on a 16 bit system!")
echo "running on a 16 bit system!"
elif sizeof(int) == 4:
echo("running on a 32 bit system!")
echo "running on a 32 bit system!"
elif sizeof(int) == 8:
echo("running on a 64 bit system!")
echo "running on a 64 bit system!"
else:
echo("cannot happen!")
echo "cannot happen!"
The ``when`` statement is almost identical to the ``if`` statement with some
exceptions:
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ Example:
if a[j][i] == 7:
found = true
break myblock # leave the block, in this case both for-loops
echo(found)
echo found
The block statement is a means to group statements to a (named) ``block``.
Inside the block, the ``break`` statement is allowed to leave the block
@@ -462,10 +462,10 @@ While statement
Example:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("Please tell me your password: \n")
echo "Please tell me your password: \n"
var pw = readLine(stdin)
while pw != "12345":
echo("Wrong password! Next try: \n")
echo "Wrong password! Next try: \n"
pw = readLine(stdin)

2
doc/manual/types.txt
View File

@@ -546,7 +546,7 @@ so that the builtin ``echo`` proc does what is expected:
.. code-block:: nim
proc echo*(x: varargs[expr, `$`]) {...}
echo(@[1, 2, 3])
echo @[1, 2, 3]
# prints "@[1, 2, 3]" and not "123"

124
doc/tut1.txt
View File

@@ -31,9 +31,9 @@ We start the tour with a modified "hello world" program:
.. code-block:: Nim
# This is a comment
echo("What's your name? ")
echo "What's your name? "
var name: string = readLine(stdin)
echo("Hi, ", name, "!")
echo "Hi, ", name, "!"
Save this code to the file "greetings.nim". Now compile and run it::
@@ -250,11 +250,11 @@ The if statement is one way to branch the control flow:
.. code-block:: nim
let name = readLine(stdin)
if name == "":
echo("Poor soul, you lost your name?")
echo "Poor soul, you lost your name?"
elif name == "name":
echo("Very funny, your name is name.")
echo "Very funny, your name is name."
else:
echo("Hi, ", name, "!")
echo "Hi, ", name, "!"
There can be zero or more ``elif`` parts, and the ``else`` part is optional.
The keyword ``elif`` is short for ``else if``, and is useful to avoid
@@ -272,13 +272,13 @@ a multi-branch:
let name = readLine(stdin)
case name
of "":
echo("Poor soul, you lost your name?")
echo "Poor soul, you lost your name?"
of "name":
echo("Very funny, your name is name.")
echo "Very funny, your name is name."
of "Dave", "Frank":
echo("Cool name!")
echo "Cool name!"
else:
echo("Hi, ", name, "!")
echo "Hi, ", name, "!"
As it can be seen, for an ``of`` branch a comma separated list of values is also
allowed.
@@ -291,11 +291,11 @@ For integers or other ordinal types value ranges are also possible:
# this statement will be explained later:
from strutils import parseInt
echo("A number please: ")
echo "A number please: "
let n = parseInt(readLine(stdin))
case n
of 0..2, 4..7: echo("The number is in the set: {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}")
of 3, 8: echo("The number is 3 or 8")
of 0..2, 4..7: echo "The number is in the set: {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}"
of 3, 8: echo "The number is 3 or 8"
However, the above code does not compile: the reason is that you have to cover
every value that ``n`` may contain, but the code only handles the values
@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ the compiler that for every other value nothing should be done:
.. code-block:: nim
...
case n
of 0..2, 4..7: echo("The number is in the set: {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}")
of 3, 8: echo("The number is 3 or 8")
of 0..2, 4..7: echo "The number is in the set: {0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7}"
of 3, 8: echo "The number is 3 or 8"
else: discard
The empty `discard statement`_ is a *do nothing* statement. The compiler knows
@@ -327,10 +327,10 @@ The while statement is a simple looping construct:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("What's your name? ")
echo "What's your name? "
var name = readLine(stdin)
while name == "":
echo("Please tell me your name: ")
echo "Please tell me your name: "
name = readLine(stdin)
# no ``var``, because we do not declare a new variable here
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ provides. The example uses the built-in `countup <system.html#countup>`_
iterator:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("Counting to ten: ")
echo "Counting to ten: "
for i in countup(1, 10):
echo($i)
echo $i
# --> Outputs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 on different lines
The built-in `$ <system.html#$>`_ operator turns an integer (``int``) and many
@@ -358,19 +358,19 @@ other types into a string. The variable ``i`` is implicitly declared by the
Each value is ``echo``-ed. This code does the same:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("Counting to 10: ")
echo "Counting to 10: "
var i = 1
while i <= 10:
echo($i)
echo $i
inc(i) # increment i by 1
# --> Outputs 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 on different lines
Counting down can be achieved as easily (but is less often needed):
.. code-block:: nim
echo("Counting down from 10 to 1: ")
echo "Counting down from 10 to 1: "
for i in countdown(10, 1):
echo($i)
echo $i
# --> Outputs 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 on different lines
Since counting up occurs so often in programs, Nim also has a `..
@@ -390,7 +390,7 @@ outside the loop:
.. code-block:: nim
while false:
var x = "hi"
echo(x) # does not work
echo x # does not work
A while (for) statement introduces an implicit block. Identifiers
are only visible within the block they have been declared. The ``block``
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ statement can be used to open a new block explicitly:
.. code-block:: nim
block myblock:
var x = "hi"
echo(x) # does not work either
echo x # does not work either
The block's *label* (``myblock`` in the example) is optional.
@@ -412,18 +412,18 @@ innermost construct, unless a label of a block is given:
.. code-block:: nim
block myblock:
echo("entering block")
echo "entering block"
while true:
echo("looping")
echo "looping"
break # leaves the loop, but not the block
echo("still in block")
echo "still in block"
block myblock2:
echo("entering block")
echo "entering block"
while true:
echo("looping")
echo "looping"
break myblock2 # leaves the block (and the loop)
echo("still in block")
echo "still in block"
Continue statement
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ the next iteration immediately:
while true:
let x = readLine(stdin)
if x == "": continue
echo(x)
echo x
When statement
@@ -446,13 +446,13 @@ Example:
.. code-block:: nim
when system.hostOS == "windows":
echo("running on Windows!")
echo "running on Windows!"
elif system.hostOS == "linux":
echo("running on Linux!")
echo "running on Linux!"
elif system.hostOS == "macosx":
echo("running on Mac OS X!")
echo "running on Mac OS X!"
else:
echo("unknown operating system")
echo "unknown operating system"
The ``when`` statement is almost identical to the ``if`` statement with some
differences:
@@ -533,17 +533,17 @@ procedures are defined with the ``proc`` keyword:
.. code-block:: nim
proc yes(question: string): bool =
echo(question, " (y/n)")
echo question, " (y/n)"
while true:
case readLine(stdin)
of "y", "Y", "yes", "Yes": return true
of "n", "N", "no", "No": return false
else: echo("Please be clear: yes or no")
else: echo "Please be clear: yes or no"
if yes("Should I delete all your important files?"):
echo("I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that.")
echo "I'm sorry Dave, I'm afraid I can't do that."
else:
echo("I think you know what the problem is just as well as I do.")
echo "I think you know what the problem is just as well as I do."
This example shows a procedure named ``yes`` that asks the user a ``question``
and returns true if they answered "yes" (or something similar) and returns
@@ -611,8 +611,8 @@ caller, a ``var`` parameter can be used:
var
x, y: int
divmod(8, 5, x, y) # modifies x and y
echo(x)
echo(y)
echo x
echo y
In the example, ``res`` and ``remainder`` are `var parameters`.
Var parameters can be modified by the procedure and the changes are
@@ -701,8 +701,8 @@ Nim provides the ability to overload procedures similar to C++:
if x: result = "true"
else: result = "false"
echo(toString(13)) # calls the toString(x: int) proc
echo(toString(true)) # calls the toString(x: bool) proc
echo toString(13) # calls the toString(x: int) proc
echo toString(true) # calls the toString(x: bool) proc
(Note that ``toString`` is usually the `$ <system.html#$>`_ operator in
Nim.) The compiler chooses the most appropriate proc for the ``toString``
@@ -743,7 +743,7 @@ The "``" notation can also be used to call an operator just like any other
procedure:
.. code-block:: nim
if `==`( `+`(3, 4), 7): echo("True")
if `==`( `+`(3, 4), 7): echo "True"
Forward declarations
@@ -790,9 +790,9 @@ Iterators
Let's return to the boring counting example:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("Counting to ten: ")
echo "Counting to ten: "
for i in countup(1, 10):
echo($i)
echo $i
Can a `countup <system.html#countup>`_ proc be written that supports this
loop? Lets try:
@@ -1000,15 +1000,15 @@ there is a difference between the ``$`` and ``repr`` outputs:
myString = "nim"
myInteger = 42
myFloat = 3.14
echo($myBool, ":", repr(myBool))
echo $myBool, ":", repr(myBool)
# --> true:true
echo($myCharacter, ":", repr(myCharacter))
echo $myCharacter, ":", repr(myCharacter)
# --> n:'n'
echo($myString, ":", repr(myString))
echo $myString, ":", repr(myString)
# --> nim:0x10fa8c050"nim"
echo($myInteger, ":", repr(myInteger))
echo $myInteger, ":", repr(myInteger)
# --> 42:42
echo($myFloat, ":", repr(myFloat))
echo $myFloat, ":", repr(myFloat)
# --> 3.1400000000000001e+00:3.1400000000000001e+00
@@ -1040,7 +1040,7 @@ at runtime by 0, the second by 1 and so on. Example:
north, east, south, west
var x = south # `x` is of type `Direction`; its value is `south`
echo($x) # writes "south" to `stdout`
echo $x # writes "south" to `stdout`
All comparison operators can be used with enumeration types.
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ Arrays can be constructed via ``[]``:
x: IntArray
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
for i in low(x)..high(x):
echo(x[i])
echo x[i]
The notation ``x[i]`` is used to access the i-th element of ``x``.
Array access is always bounds checked (at compile-time or at runtime). These
@@ -1208,7 +1208,7 @@ to specify a range from zero to the specified index minus one:
x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
y = x
for i in low(x)..high(x):
echo(x[i], y[i])
echo x[i], y[i]
Sequences
@@ -1254,13 +1254,13 @@ value. Here the ``for`` statement is looping over the results from the
.. code-block:: nim
for i in @[3, 4, 5]:
echo($i)
echo $i
# --> 3
# --> 4
# --> 5
for i, value in @[3, 4, 5]:
echo("index: ", $i, ", value:", $value)
echo "index: ", $i, ", value:", $value
# --> index: 0, value:3
# --> index: 1, value:4
# --> index: 2, value:5
@@ -1386,16 +1386,16 @@ integer.
# the same, but less readable:
person = ("Peter", 30)
echo(person.name) # "Peter"
echo(person.age) # 30
echo person.name # "Peter"
echo person.age # 30
echo(person[0]) # "Peter"
echo(person[1]) # 30
echo person[0] # "Peter"
echo person[1] # 30
# You don't need to declare tuples in a separate type section.
var building: tuple[street: string, number: int]
building = ("Rue del Percebe", 13)
echo(building.street)
echo building.street
# The following line does not compile, they are different tuples!
#person = building
@@ -1503,7 +1503,7 @@ techniques.
Example:
.. code-block:: nim
proc echoItem(x: int) = echo(x)
proc echoItem(x: int) = echo x
proc forEach(action: proc (x: int)) =
const

6
doc/tut2.txt
View File

@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ for any type:
.. code-block:: nim
echo("abc".len) # is the same as echo(len("abc"))
echo("abc".toUpper())
echo({'a', 'b', 'c'}.card)
echo "abc".len # is the same as echo len("abc")
echo "abc".toUpper()
echo {'a', 'b', 'c'}.card
stdout.writeLine("Hallo") # the same as writeLine(stdout, "Hallo")
(Another way to look at the method call syntax is that it provides the missing