improve error messages for illegalCapture

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/bug_report.yml

@@ -10,16 +10,6 @@ body:
       Please provide a minimal code example that reproduces the bug if possible.
       Reports with a reproducible example or detailed information will likely receive fixes faster.
 
-- type: textarea
-  id: nim-version
-  attributes:
-    label: Nim Version
-    description: |
-      Can be obtained from `nim -v` on the command line along with the OS/architecture.
-      For development versions, including the commit hash may help.
-  validations:
-    required: true
-
 - type: textarea
   id: description
   attributes:
@@ -29,6 +19,16 @@ body:
     placeholder: Bug reports with reproducible code or detailed information will be fixed faster.
   validations:
     required: true
+    
+- type: textarea
+  id: nim-version
+  attributes:
+    label: Nim Version
+    description: |
+      Can be obtained from `nim -v` on the command line along with the OS/architecture.
+      For development versions, make sure to include the commit hash.
+  validations:
+    required: true
 
 - type: textarea
   id: current-logs

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# To get started with Dependabot version updates, you'll need to specify which
-# package ecosystems to update and where the package manifests are located.
-# Please see the documentation for all configuration options:
-# https://docs.github.com/github/administering-a-repository/configuration-options-for-dependency-updates
-
-version: 2
-updates:
-  - package-ecosystem: "github-actions" # See documentation for possible values
-    directory: "/" # Location of package manifests
-    schedule:
-      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/bisects.yml

@@ -15,16 +15,9 @@ jobs:
     name: ${{ matrix.platform }}-bisects
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.platform }}
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v7
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Install OpenSSL (Windows)
-        if: |
-          runner.os == 'Windows'
-        run: choco install openssl.light --version=1.1.1.0  # OpenSSL 3.x removed SSL_library_init
-        shell: 'powershell'
-
-      # v2 wont work here, because uses "hardcoded" nim versions, action "dynamically" finds version with bug.
-      - uses: jiro4989/setup-nim-action@v1  
+      - uses: jiro4989/setup-nim-action@v1
         with:
           nim-version: 'devel'
 

.github/workflows/ci_docs.yml

@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ jobs:
         target: [linux, windows, osx]
         include:
           - target: linux
-            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            os: ubuntu-20.04
           - target: windows
-            os: windows-latest
+            os: windows-2019
           - target: osx
-            os: macos-15
+            os: macos-12
 
     name: ${{ matrix.target }}
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ jobs:
         if: |
           github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/devel' &&
           matrix.target == 'linux'
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-pages@v5
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-github-pages@v4
         with:
           build_dir: doc/html
         env:

.github/workflows/ci_gcc14.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+name: GCC 14
+on:
+  pull_request:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - 'devel'
+
+
+jobs:
+  build:
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        os: [ubuntu-24.04]
+        cpu: [amd64]
+    name: '${{ matrix.os }}'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 60 # refs bug #18178
+    steps:
+      - name: 'Checkout'
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 2
+
+      - name: 'Install node.js 20.x'
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: '20.x'
+
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (Linux amd64)'
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.cpu == 'amd64'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt update -qq
+          sudo apt remove needrestart
+          DEBIAN_FRONTEND='noninteractive' \
+            sudo apt install --no-install-recommends -yq \
+              libcurl4-openssl-dev libgc-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsfml-dev \
+              valgrind libc6-dbg libblas-dev xorg-dev
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (Linux amd64 gcc 14)'
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.cpu == 'amd64'
+        run: |
+          sudo add-apt-repository universe
+          sudo apt update -qq
+          sudo apt install -y gcc-14 g++-14 libpcre3 liblapack-dev
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-14 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-14
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (macOS)'
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+        run: brew install boehmgc make sfml gtk+3
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (Windows)'
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          . ci/funs.sh
+          nimInternalInstallDepsWindows
+          echo_run echo "${{ github.workspace }}/dist/mingw64/bin" >> "${GITHUB_PATH}"
+
+      - name: 'Add build binaries to PATH'
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo "${{ github.workspace }}/bin" >> "${GITHUB_PATH}"
+
+      - name: 'NIM_TESTAMENT_DISABLE_SSL'
+        shell: bash
+        run: echo "NIM_TESTAMENT_DISABLE_SSL=1" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: 'System information'
+        shell: bash
+        run: . ci/funs.sh && nimCiSystemInfo
+
+      - name: 'Build csourcesAny'
+        shell: bash
+        run: . ci/funs.sh && nimBuildCsourcesIfNeeded CC=gcc ucpu='${{ matrix.cpu }}'
+
+      - name: 'koch, Run CI'
+        shell: bash
+        run: . ci/funs.sh && nimInternalBuildKochAndRunCI

.github/workflows/ci_packages.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - 'devel'
-      - 'version-2-2'
       - 'version-2-0'
       - 'version-1-6'
       - 'version-1-2'
@@ -18,13 +17,9 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest]
-        batch: ["0_3", "1_3", "2_3"] # list of `index_num`
-        include:
-          - os: ubuntu-latest
-            cpu: amd64
-          - os: macos-latest
-            cpu: arm64
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04, macos-12]
+        cpu: [amd64]
+        batch: ["allowed_failures", "0_3", "1_3", "2_3"] # list of `index_num`
     name: '${{ matrix.os }} (batch: ${{ matrix.batch }})'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     timeout-minutes: 60 # refs bug #18178
@@ -33,27 +28,26 @@ jobs:
       NIM_TESTAMENT_BATCH: ${{ matrix.batch }}
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
-      - name: 'Install node.js'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+      - name: 'Install node.js 20.x'
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: '20.x'
 
       - name: 'Install dependencies (Linux amd64)'
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.cpu == 'amd64'
         run: |
-          sudo apt-get update -qq
+          sudo apt-fast update -qq
           DEBIAN_FRONTEND='noninteractive' \
-            sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -yq \
+            sudo apt-fast install --no-install-recommends -yq \
               libcurl4-openssl-dev libgc-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsfml-dev \
-              valgrind libc6-dbg libblas-dev liblapack-dev libpcre3 xorg-dev
+              valgrind libc6-dbg libblas-dev xorg-dev
       - name: 'Install dependencies (macOS)'
         if: runner.os == 'macOS'
         run: brew install boehmgc make sfml gtk+3
-        # XXX can't find boehm and gtk on macos 13
       - name: 'Install dependencies (Windows)'
         if: runner.os == 'Windows'
         shell: bash

.github/workflows/ci_publish.yml

@@ -11,20 +11,20 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-22.04]
+        os: [ubuntu-20.04]
         cpu: [amd64]
     name: '${{ matrix.os }}'
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     steps:
       - name: 'Checkout'
-        uses: actions/checkout@v7
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
         with:
           fetch-depth: 2
 
-      - name: 'Install node.js'
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
+      - name: 'Install node.js 20.x'
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
         with:
-          node-version: 24
+          node-version: '20.x'
 
       - name: 'Install dependencies (Linux amd64)'
         if: runner.os == 'Linux' && matrix.cpu == 'amd64'
@@ -34,6 +34,17 @@ jobs:
             sudo apt-fast install --no-install-recommends -yq \
               libcurl4-openssl-dev libgc-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsfml-dev \
               valgrind libc6-dbg libblas-dev xorg-dev
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (macOS)'
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+        run: brew install boehmgc make sfml gtk+3
+      - name: 'Install dependencies (Windows)'
+        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -e
+          . ci/funs.sh
+          nimInternalInstallDepsWindows
+          echo_run echo "${{ github.workspace }}/dist/mingw64/bin" >> "${GITHUB_PATH}"
 
       - name: 'Add build binaries to PATH'
         shell: bash
@@ -60,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
         run: nim c -r -d:release ci/action.nim
 
       - name: 'Comment'
-        uses: actions/github-script@v9
+        uses: actions/github-script@v7
         with:
           script: |
             const fs = require('fs');

.github/workflows/stale.yml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
   stale:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/stale@v10
+      - uses: actions/stale@v9
         with:
           days-before-pr-stale:    365
           days-before-pr-close:    30

.gitignore

@@ -68,7 +68,6 @@ testament.db
 /csources
 /csources_v1
 /csources_v2
-/csources_v3
 
 /dist/
 # /lib/fusion # fusion is now unbundled; `git status` should reveal if it's there so users can act on it
@@ -87,7 +86,6 @@ tweeter_test.db
 
 /tests/megatest.nim
 /tests/ic/*_temp.nim
-/tests/ic/*_mm/
 /tests/navigator/*_temp.nim
 
 

azure-pipelines.yml

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ jobs:
   strategy:
     matrix:
       Linux_amd64:
-        vmImage: 'ubuntu-24.04'
+        vmImage: 'ubuntu-20.04'
         CPU: amd64
       # regularly breaks, refs bug #17325
 #       Linux_i386:
@@ -28,24 +28,24 @@ jobs:
 #         # g++-multilib : Depends: gcc-multilib (>= 4:5.3.1-1ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
 #         vmImage: 'ubuntu-18.04'
 #         CPU: i386
-      OSX_arm64:
-        vmImage: 'macos-15'
-        CPU: arm64
-      OSX_arm64_cpp:
-        vmImage: 'macos-15'
-        CPU: arm64
+      OSX_amd64:
+        vmImage: 'macOS-12'
+        CPU: amd64
+      OSX_amd64_cpp:
+        vmImage: 'macOS-12'
+        CPU: amd64
         NIM_COMPILE_TO_CPP: true
       Windows_amd64_batch0_3:
-        vmImage: 'windows-2025'
+        vmImage: 'windows-2019'
         CPU: amd64
         # see also: `NIM_TEST_PACKAGES`
         NIM_TESTAMENT_BATCH: "0_3"
       Windows_amd64_batch1_3:
-        vmImage: 'windows-2025'
+        vmImage: 'windows-2019'
         CPU: amd64
         NIM_TESTAMENT_BATCH: "1_3"
       Windows_amd64_batch2_3:
-        vmImage: 'windows-2025'
+        vmImage: 'windows-2019'
         CPU: amd64
         NIM_TESTAMENT_BATCH: "2_3"
 
@@ -80,12 +80,10 @@ jobs:
     - bash: |
         set -e
         . ci/funs.sh
-        echo_run sudo add-apt-repository universe
-        echo_run sudo apt-get update -qq
+        echo_run sudo apt-fast update -qq
         DEBIAN_FRONTEND='noninteractive' \
-          echo_run sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends -yq \
-            gcc-14 g++-14 libpcre3 liblapack-dev libpcre3 liblapack-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libgc-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsfml-dev valgrind libc6-dbg
-        echo_run sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-14 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-14
+          echo_run sudo apt-fast install --no-install-recommends -yq \
+            libcurl4-openssl-dev libgc-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsfml-dev valgrind libc6-dbg
       displayName: 'Install dependencies (amd64 Linux)'
       condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['skipci'], 'false'), eq(variables['Agent.OS'], 'Linux'), eq(variables['CPU'], 'amd64'))
 
@@ -102,16 +100,15 @@ jobs:
         Pin-Priority: 1001
         EOF
 
-        # echo_run sudo apt-get update -qq
-        echo_run sudo apt-get update -qq || echo "failed, see bug #17343"
+        # echo_run sudo apt-fast update -qq
+        echo_run sudo apt-fast update -qq || echo "failed, see bug #17343"
         # `:i386` (e.g. in `libffi-dev:i386`) is needed otherwise you may get:
         # `could not load: libffi.so` during dynamic loading.
         DEBIAN_FRONTEND='noninteractive' \
-          echo_run sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends --allow-downgrades -yq \
+          echo_run sudo apt-fast install --no-install-recommends --allow-downgrades -yq \
             g++-multilib gcc-multilib libcurl4-openssl-dev:i386 libgc-dev:i386 \
             libsdl1.2-dev:i386 libsfml-dev:i386 libglib2.0-dev:i386 libffi-dev:i386
 
-
         cat << EOF > bin/gcc
         #!/bin/bash
 
@@ -133,7 +130,6 @@ jobs:
     - bash: brew install boehmgc make sfml
       displayName: 'Install dependencies (OSX)'
       condition: and(succeeded(), eq(variables['skipci'], 'false'), eq(variables['Agent.OS'], 'Darwin'))
-      # XXX can't find boehm on macos 13
 
     - bash: |
         set -e

build_all.bat

@@ -24,6 +24,6 @@ if not exist %nim_csources% (
   cd ..
   copy /y bin\nim.exe  %nim_csources%
 )
-bin\nim.exe c --noNimblePath --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off koch
-koch boot -d:release --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off
-koch tools --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off
+ bin\nim.exe c --noNimblePath --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off koch
+ koch boot -d:release --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off
+ koch tools --skipUserCfg --skipParentCfg --hints:off

changelog.md

@@ -1,155 +1,220 @@
-# v2.x.x - yyyy-mm-dd
+# v2.2.0 - yyyy-mm-dd
 
 
 ## Changes affecting backward compatibility
 
-- `-d:nimPreviewFloatRoundtrip` becomes the default. `system.addFloat` and `system.$` now can produce string representations of
-floating point numbers that are minimal in size and possess round-trip and correct
-rounding guarantees (via the
-[Dragonbox](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jk-jeon/dragonbox/master/other_files/Dragonbox.pdf) algorithm). Use `-d:nimLegacySprintf` to emulate old behaviors.
+- `-d:nimStrictDelete` becomes the default. An index error is produced when the index passed to `system.delete` is out of bounds. Use `-d:nimAuditDelete` to mimic the old behavior for backward compatibility.
+- The default user-agent in `std/httpclient` has been changed to `Nim-httpclient/<version>` instead of `Nim httpclient/<version>` which was incorrect according to the HTTP spec.
+- Methods now support implementations based on a VTable by using `--experimental:vtables`. Methods are then confined to the same module where their type has been defined.
+- With `-d:nimPreviewNonVarDestructor`, non-var destructors become the default.
+- A bug where tuple unpacking assignment with a longer tuple on the RHS than the LHS was allowed has been fixed, i.e. code like:
+  ```nim
+  var a, b: int
+  (a, b) = (1, 2, 3, 4)
+  ```
+  will no longer compile.
+- `internalNew` is removed from the `system` module, use `new` instead.
 
-- The `default` parameter of `tables.getOrDefault` has been renamed to `def` to
-  avoid conflicts with `system.default`, so named argument usage for this
-  parameter like `getOrDefault(..., default = ...)` will have to be changed.
+- `bindMethod` in `std/jsffi` is deprecated, don't use it with closures.
 
-- With `-d:nimPreviewCheckedClose`, the `close` function in the `std/syncio` module now raises an IO exception in case of an error.
+- JS backend now supports lambda lifting for closures. Use `--legacy:jsNoLambdaLifting` to emulate old behaviors.
 
-- Unknown warnings and hints now gives warnings `warnUnknownNotes` instead of
-errors.
+- JS backend now supports closure iterators.
 
-- With `-d:nimPreviewAsmSemSymbol`, backticked symbols are type checked in the `asm/emit` statements.
+- `owner` in `std/macros` is deprecated.
 
-- The bare `except:` now panics on `Defect`. Use `except Exception:` or `except Defect:` to catch `Defect`. `--legacy:noPanicOnExcept` is provided for a transition period.
+- Ambiguous type symbols in generic procs and templates now generate symchoice nodes.
+  Previously; in templates they would error immediately at the template definition,
+  and in generic procs a type symbol would arbitrarily be captured, losing the
+  information of the other symbols. This means that generic code can now give
+  errors for ambiguous type symbols, and macros operating on generic proc AST
+  may encounter symchoice nodes instead of the arbitrarily resolved type symbol nodes.
 
-- With `-d:nimPreviewCStringComparisons`, comparsions (`<`, `>`, `<=`, `>=`) between cstrings switch from reference semantics to value semantics like `==` and `!=`.
+- Partial generic instantiation of routines is no longer allowed. Previously
+  it compiled in niche situations due to bugs in the compiler.
 
-- `std/parsesql` has been moved to a nimble package, use `nimble` or `atlas` to install it.
+  ```nim
+  proc foo[T, U](x: T, y: U) = echo (x, y)
+  proc foo[T, U](x: var T, y: U) = echo "var ", (x, y)
 
-- With `-d:nimPreviewDuplicateModuleError`, importing two modules that share the same name becomes a compile-time error. This includes importing the same module more than once. Use `import foo as foo1` (or other aliases) to avoid collisions.
+  proc bar[T]() =
+    foo[float](1, "abc")
 
-- Adds the switch `--mangle:nim|cpp`, which selects `nim` or `cpp` style name mangling when used with `debuginfo` on, defaults to `cpp`.
+  bar[int]() # before: (1.0, "abc"), now: type mismatch, missing generic parameter
+  ```
 
-- The second parameter of `succ`, `pred`, `inc`, and `dec` in `system` now accepts `SomeInteger` (previously `Ordinal`).
+- `const` values now open a new scope for each constant, meaning symbols
+  declared in them can no longer be used outside or in the value of
+  other constants.
 
-- Bitshift operators (`shl`, `shr`, `ashr`) now apply bitmasking to the right operand in the C/C++/VM/JS backends.
+  ```nim
+  const foo = (var a = 1; a)
+  const bar = a # error
+  let baz = a # error
+  ```
+- The following POSIX wrappers have had their types changed from signed to
+  unsigned types on OSX and FreeBSD/OpenBSD to correct codegen errors:
+  - `Gid` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
+  - `Uid` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
+  - `Dev` (was `int32`, is now `uint32` on FreeBSD)
+  - `Nlink` (was `int16`, is now `uint32` on OpenBSD and `uint16` on OSX/other BSD)
+  - `sin6_flowinfo` and `sin6_scope_id` fields of `Sockaddr_in6`
+    (were `int32`, are now `uint32`)
+  - `n_net` field of `Tnetent` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
 
-- Adds a new warning `--warning:ImplicitRangeConversion` that detects downsizing implicit conversions to range types (e.g., `int -> range[0..255]` or `range[1..256] -> range[0..255]`) that could cause runtime panics. Safe conversions like `range[0..255] -> range[0..65535]` and explicit casts do not trigger warnings. `int` to `Natural` and `Positive` conversions do not trigger warnings, which can be enabled with `--warning:systemRangeConversion`.
-
-- Procedure compatibility also checks the backend representation of the
-parameter and result types, not just their source-level shape. Use
-`--legacy:procParamTypeBackendAliases` to restore the older behavior.
 
 ## Standard library additions and changes
 
-[//]: # "Additions:"
-
-- Added `system.readRawDataStable`, a companion to `readRawData` that returns a
-  raw `ptr UncheckedArray[char]` into a string's character data which stays valid
-  across moves and copies of the string value. It is available under every string
-  implementation (refc, ARC/ORC and `--strings:sso`) with the same signature, so
-  code can pin an interior buffer pointer today and be ready for `--strings:sso`
-  without `when declared` guards. Under `--strings:sso` it promotes a small inline
-  string to its heap representation first; under the other implementations the data
-  is already heap-resident, so it is equivalent to `readRawData`.
-
-- `setutils.symmetricDifference` along with its operator version
-  `` setutils.`-+-` `` and in-place version `setutils.toggle` have been added
-  to more efficiently calculate the symmetric difference of bitsets.
-- `strutils.multiReplace` overload for character set replacements in a single pass.
-	Useful for string sanitation. Follows existing multiReplace semantics.
-
-- `std/files` adds:
-  - Exports `CopyFlag` enum and `FilePermission` type for fine-grained control of file operations
-  - New file operation procs with `Path` support:
-    - `getFilePermissions`, `setFilePermissions` for managing permissions
-    - `tryRemoveFile` for file deletion
-    - `copyFile` with configurable buffer size and symlink handling
-    - `copyFileWithPermissions` to preserve file attributes
-    - `copyFileToDir` for copying files into directories
-
-- `std/dirs` adds:
-  - New directory operation procs with `Path` support:
-    - `copyDir` with special file handling options
-    - `copyDirWithPermissions` to recursively preserve attributes
-
-- `system.setLenUninit` now supports refc, JS and VM backends.
-- `system.setLenUninit` for the `string` type. Allows setting length without initializing new memory on growth.
-
-- `std/parseopt` now supports multiple parser modes via a `CliMode` enum.
-  Modes include `Nim` (default, fully compatible) and two new experimental modes:
-  `Lax` and `Gnu` for different option parsing behaviors.
-
-- `std/symlinks.expandSymlink` now supports Windows symlinks and junctions with
-  POSIX-like single-hop `readlink` semantics.
-- `std/nre2` is added to replace deprecated NRE.
-
-- `system.typeof` adds a new parameter `modifierMode` to specify how type modifiers are handled.
-
 [//]: # "Changes:"
 
-- `std/math` The `^` symbol now supports floating-point as exponent in addition to the Natural type.
-- `min`, `max`, and `sequtils`' `minIndex`, `maxIndex` and `minmax` for `openArray`s now accept a comparison function.
-- `system.substr` implementation now uses `copymem` (wrapped C `memcpy`) for copying data, if available at compilation.
-- `system.newStringUninit` is now considered free of side-effects allowing it to be used with `--experimental:strictFuncs`.
-- `std/re` and `std/nre` are deprecated as PCRE library is obsolete.
-  Use https://github.com/nitely/nim-regex or `std/nre2`.
-  See: https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/23668.
-- `std/pegs` now correctly lexes UTF-8 bytes inside bare identifier-style
-  terminals, so case-insensitive matching of non-ASCII terms (e.g. ``\i café``)
-  works without single-quoting.
-- `std/uri`: The `?` operator now appends query parameters to an existing query
-  string instead of replacing it. Fixes [#19782](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/19782).
+- Changed `std/osfiles.copyFile` to allow specifying `bufferSize` instead of a hard-coded one.
+- Changed `std/osfiles.copyFile` to use `POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL` hints for kernel-level aggressive sequential read-aheads.
+- `std/htmlparser` has been moved to a nimble package, use `nimble` or `atlas` to install it.
+
+[//]: # "Additions:"
+
+- Added `newStringUninit` to the `system` module, which creates a new string of length `len` like `newString` but with uninitialized content.
+- Added `setLenUninit` to the `system` module, which doesn't initialize
+slots when enlarging a sequence.
+- Added `hasDefaultValue` to `std/typetraits` to check if a type has a valid default value.
+- Added `rangeBase` to `std/typetraits` to obtain the base type of a range type or
+  convert a value with a range type to its base type.
+- Added Viewport API for the JavaScript targets in the `dom` module.
+- Added `toSinglyLinkedRing` and `toDoublyLinkedRing` to `std/lists` to convert from `openArray`s.
+- ORC: To be enabled via `nimOrcStats` there is a new API called `GC_orcStats` that can be used to query how many
+  objects the cyclic collector did free. If the number is zero that is a strong indicator that you can use `--mm:arc`
+  instead of `--mm:orc`.
+- A `$` template is provided for `Path` in `std/paths`.
+- `std/hashes.hash(x:string)` changed to produce a 64-bit string `Hash` (based
+on Google's Farm Hash) which is also often faster than the present one.  Define
+`nimStringHash2` to get the old values back.  `--jsbigint=off` mode always only
+produces the old values.  This may impact your automated tests if they depend
+on hash order in some obvious or indirect way.  Using `sorted` or `OrderedTable`
+is often an easy workaround.
+
+[//]: # "Deprecations:"
+
+- Deprecates `system.newSeqUninitialized`, which is replaced by `newSeqUninit`.
+
+[//]: # "Removals:"
+
 
 ## Language changes
 
-- An experimental option `--experimental:typeBoundOps` has been added that
-  implements the RFC https://github.com/nim-lang/RFCs/issues/380.
-  This makes the behavior of interfaces like `hash`, `$`, `==` etc. more
-  reliable for nominal types across indirect/restricted imports.
+- `noInit` can be used in types and fields to disable member initializers in the C++ backend.
+- C++ custom constructors initializers see https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual_experimental.html#constructor-initializer
+- `member` can be used to attach a procedure to a C++ type.
+- C++ `constructor` now reuses `result` instead creating `this`.
+
+- Tuple unpacking changes:
+  - Tuple unpacking assignment now supports using underscores to discard values.
+    ```nim
+    var a, c: int
+    (a, _, c) = (1, 2, 3)
+    ```
+  - Tuple unpacking variable declarations now support type annotations, but
+    only for the entire tuple.
+    ```nim
+    let (a, b): (int, int) = (1, 2)
+    let (a, (b, c)): (byte, (float, cstring)) = (1, (2, "abc"))
+    ```
+
+- The experimental option `--experimental:openSym` has been added to allow
+  captured symbols in generic routine and template bodies respectively to be
+  replaced by symbols injected locally by templates/macros at instantiation
+  time. `bind` may be used to keep the captured symbols over the injected ones
+  regardless of enabling the option, but other methods like renaming the
+  captured symbols should be used instead so that the code is not affected by
+  context changes.
+
+  Since this change may affect runtime behavior, the experimental switch
+  `openSym` needs to be enabled; and a warning is given in the case where an
+  injected symbol would replace a captured symbol not bound by `bind` and
+  the experimental switch isn't enabled.
 
   ```nim
-  # objs.nim
-  import std/hashes
+  const value = "captured"
+  template foo(x: int, body: untyped): untyped =
+    let value {.inject.} = "injected"
+    body
 
-  type
-    Obj* = object
-      x*, y*: int
-      z*: string # to be ignored for equality
+  proc old[T](): string =
+    foo(123):
+      return value # warning: a new `value` has been injected, use `bind` or turn on `experimental:openSym`
+  echo old[int]() # "captured"
 
-  proc `==`*(a, b: Obj): bool =
-    a.x == b.x and a.y == b.y
+  template oldTempl(): string =
+    block:
+      foo(123):
+        value # warning: a new `value` has been injected, use `bind` or turn on `experimental:openSym`
+  echo oldTempl() # "captured"
 
-  proc hash*(a: Obj): Hash =
-    $!(hash(a.x) &! hash(a.y))
+  {.experimental: "openSym".}
+
+  proc bar[T](): string =
+    foo(123):
+      return value
+  assert bar[int]() == "injected" # previously it would be "captured"
+
+  proc baz[T](): string =
+    bind value
+    foo(123):
+      return value
+  assert baz[int]() == "captured"
+
+  template barTempl(): string =
+    block:
+      foo(123):
+        value
+  assert barTempl() == "injected" # previously it would be "captured"
+
+  template bazTempl(): string =
+    bind value
+    block:
+      foo(123):
+        value
+  assert bazTempl() == "captured"
   ```
 
+  This option also generates a new node kind `nnkOpenSym` which contains
+  exactly 1 `nnkSym` node. In the future this might be merged with a slightly
+  modified `nnkOpenSymChoice` node but macros that want to support the
+  experimental feature should still handle `nnkOpenSym`, as the node kind would
+  simply not be generated as opposed to being removed.
+
+  Another experimental switch `genericsOpenSym` exists that enables this behavior
+  at instantiation time, meaning templates etc can enable it specifically when
+  they are being called. However this does not generate `nnkOpenSym` nodes
+  (unless the other switch is enabled) and so doesn't reflect the regular
+  behavior of the switch.
+
   ```nim
-  # main.nim
-  {.experimental: "typeBoundOps".}
-  from objs import Obj # objs.hash, objs.`==` not imported
-  import std/tables
+  const value = "captured"
+  template foo(x: int, body: untyped): untyped =
+    let value {.inject.} = "injected"
+    {.push experimental: "genericsOpenSym".}
+    body
+    {.pop.}
 
-  var t: Table[Obj, int]
-  t[Obj(x: 3, y: 4, z: "debug")] = 34
-  echo t[Obj(x: 3, y: 4, z: "ignored")] # 34
+  proc bar[T](): string =
+    foo(123):
+      return value
+  echo bar[int]() # "injected"
+
+  template barTempl(): string =
+    block:
+      var res: string
+      foo(123):
+        res = value
+      res
+  assert barTempl() == "injected"
   ```
 
-  See the [experimental manual](https://nim-lang.github.io/Nim/manual_experimental.html#typeminusbound-overloads)
-  for more information.
-
 ## Compiler changes
 
-- Fixed a bug where `sizeof(T)` inside a `typedesc` template called from a generic type's
-  `when` clause would error with "'sizeof' requires '.importc' types to be '.completeStruct'".
-  The issue was that `hasValuelessStatics` in `semtypinst.nim` didn't recognize
-  `tyTypeDesc(tyGenericParam)` as an unresolved generic parameter.
+- `--nimcache` using a relative path as the argument in a config file is now relative to the config file instead of the current directory.
 
 ## Tool changes
 
-- Added `--raw` flag when generating JSON docs to not render markup.
-- Added `--stdinfile` flag to name of the file used when running program from stdin (defaults to `stdinfile.nim`)
-- Added `--styleCheck:warning` flag to treat style check violations as warnings.
+- koch now allows bootstrapping with `-d:nimHasLibFFI`, replacing the older option of building the compiler directly w/ the `libffi` nimble package in tow.
 
-## Documentation changes
-
-- Added documentation for the `completeStruct` pragma in the manual.

changelogs/changelog_0_18_1.md

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
   - [``joyent_http_parser``](https://github.com/nim-lang/joyent_http_parser)
 
 - Proc [toCountTable](https://nim-lang.org/docs/tables.html#toCountTable,openArray[A])
-  now produces a `CountTable` with values corresponding to the number of occurrences
+  now produces a `CountTable` with values correspoding to the number of occurrences
   of the key in the input. It used to produce a table with all values set to `1`.
 
   Counting occurrences in a sequence used to be:
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ for i in a..b:
 
 - Fixed "ReraiseError when using try/except within finally block"
   ([#5871](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/5871))
-- Fixed "Range type inference leads to counter-intuitive behaviour"
+- Fixed "Range type inference leads to counter-intuitive behvaiour"
   ([#5854](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/5854))
 - Fixed "JSON % operator can fail in extern procs with dynamic types"
   ([#6385](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/6385))
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ for i in a..b:
   ([#6589](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/6589))
 - Fixed "Generated c code calls function twice"
   ([#6292](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/6292))
-- Fixed "Range type inference leads to counter-intuitive behaviour"
+- Fixed "Range type inference leads to counter-intuitive behvaiour"
   ([#5854](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/5854))
 - Fixed "New backward indexing is too limited"
   ([#6631](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/6631))

changelogs/changelog_1_0_0.md

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 
 - We removed `unicode.Rune16` without any deprecation period as the name
   was wrong (see the [RFC](https://github.com/nim-lang/RFCs/issues/151) for details)
-  and we didn't find any usage of it in the wild. If you still need it, add this
+  and we didn't find any usages of it in the wild. If you still need it, add this
   piece of code to your project:
 ```nim
 type

changelogs/changelog_1_0_2.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 * Fixed "Assertion error when running `nim check` on compiler/nim.nim" [#12281](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12281)
 * Fixed "Compiler crash with empty array and generic instantiation with int as parameter" [#12264](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12264)
 * Fixed "Regression in JS backend codegen "Error: request to generate code for .compileTime proc"" [#12240](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12240)
-* Fix how `relativePath` handles case sensitivity
+* Fix how `relativePath` handle case sensitiviy
 * Fixed "SIGSEGV in compiler when using generic types and seqs" [#12336](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12336)
 * Fixed "[1.0.0] weird interaction between `import os` and casting integer to char on macosx trigger bad codegen" [#12291](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12291)
 * VM: no special casing for big endian machines
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@
 * threadpool: fix link in docs (#12258)
 * Fix spellings (#12277)
 * fix #12278, don't expose internal PCRE documentation
-* Fixed "Documentation of quitprocs is wrong" [#12279](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12279)
+* Fixed "Documentation of quitprocs is wrong" [#12279(https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12279)
 * Fix typo in docs
 * Fix reference to parseSpec proc in readme
 * [doc/tut1] removed discard discussion in comments

changelogs/changelog_1_2_0.md

@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ echo f
 - The Nim compiler now supports a new pragma called ``.localPassc`` to
   pass specific compiler options to the C(++) backend for the C(++) file
   that was produced from the current Nim module.
-- The compiler now infers "sink parameters". To disable this for a specific routine,
+- The compiler now inferes "sink parameters". To disable this for a specific routine,
   annotate it with `.nosinks`. To disable it for a section of code, use
   `{.push sinkInference: off.}`...`{.pop.}`.
 - The compiler now supports a new switch `--panics:on` that turns runtime
@@ -261,7 +261,7 @@ echo f
   ([#12812](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12812))
 - Fixed "Produce static/const initializations for variables when possible"
   ([#12216](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12216))
-- Fixed "Assigning discriminator field leads to internal assert with --gc:destructors"
+- Fixed "Assigning descriminator field leads to internal assert with --gc:destructors"
   ([#12821](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12821))
 - Fixed "nimsuggest `use` command does not return all instances of symbol"
   ([#12832](https://github.com/nim-lang/Nim/issues/12832))

changelogs/changelog_2_0_0.md

@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ The definition of `"strictFuncs"` was changed.
 The old definition was roughly: "A store to a ref/ptr deref is forbidden unless it's coming from a `var T` parameter".
 The new definition is: "A store to a ref/ptr deref is forbidden."
 
-This new definition is much easier to understand, the price is some expressiveness. The following code used to be
+This new definition is much easier to understand, the price is some expressitivity. The following code used to be
 accepted:
 
 ```nim

changelogs/changelog_2_2_0.md

@@ -1,248 +1,12 @@
-# v2.2.0 - 2024-10-02
-
+# v2.2.0 - 2023-mm-dd
 
 ## Changes affecting backward compatibility
 
-- `-d:nimStrictDelete` becomes the default. An index error is produced when the index passed to `system.delete` is out of bounds. Use `-d:nimAuditDelete` to mimic the old behavior for backward compatibility.
-
-- The default user-agent in `std/httpclient` has been changed to `Nim-httpclient/<version>` instead of `Nim httpclient/<version>` which was incorrect according to the HTTP spec.
-
-- Methods now support implementations based on a VTable by using `--experimental:vtables`. Methods are then confined to the same module where their type has been defined.
-
-- With `-d:nimPreviewNonVarDestructor`, non-var destructors become the default.
-
-- A bug where tuple unpacking assignment with a longer tuple on the RHS than the LHS was allowed has been fixed, i.e. code like:
-  ```nim
-  var a, b: int
-  (a, b) = (1, 2, 3, 4)
-  ```
-  will no longer compile.
-
-- `internalNew` is removed from the `system` module, use `new` instead.
-
-- `bindMethod` in `std/jsffi` is deprecated, don't use it with closures.
-
-- The JS backend now supports lambda lifting for closures. Use `--legacy:jsNoLambdaLifting` to emulate old behaviors.
-
-- The JS backend now supports closure iterators.
-
-- `owner` in `std/macros` is deprecated.
-
-- Ambiguous type symbols in generic procs and templates now generate symchoice nodes.
-  Previously; in templates they would error immediately at the template definition,
-  and in generic procs a type symbol would arbitrarily be captured, losing the
-  information of the other symbols. This means that generic code can now give
-  errors for ambiguous type symbols, and macros operating on generic proc AST
-  may encounter symchoice nodes instead of the arbitrarily resolved type symbol nodes.
-
-- Partial generic instantiation of routines is no longer allowed. Previously
-  it compiled in niche situations due to bugs in the compiler.
-
-  ```nim
-  proc foo[T, U](x: T, y: U) = echo (x, y)
-  proc foo[T, U](x: var T, y: U) = echo "var ", (x, y)
-
-  proc bar[T]() =
-    foo[float](1, "abc")
-
-  bar[int]() # before: (1.0, "abc"), now: type mismatch, missing generic parameter
-  ```
-
-- `const` values now open a new scope for each constant, meaning symbols
-  declared in them can no longer be used outside or in the value of
-  other constants.
-
-  ```nim
-  const foo = (var a = 1; a)
-  const bar = a # error
-  let baz = a # error
-  ```
-
-- The following POSIX wrappers have had their types changed from signed to
-  unsigned types on OSX and FreeBSD/OpenBSD to correct codegen errors:
-  - `Gid` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
-  - `Uid` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
-  - `Dev` (was `int32`, is now `uint32` on FreeBSD)
-  - `Nlink` (was `int16`, is now `uint32` on OpenBSD and `uint16` on OSX/other BSD)
-  - `sin6_flowinfo` and `sin6_scope_id` fields of `Sockaddr_in6`
-    (were `int32`, are now `uint32`)
-  - `n_net` field of `Tnetent` (was `int32`, is now `uint32`)
-
-- The `Atomic[T]` type on C++ now uses C11 primitives by default instead of
-  `std::atomic`. To use `std::atomic` instead, `-d:nimUseCppAtomics` can be defined.
-
-
-
-
-
-
 ## Standard library additions and changes
 
-[//]: # "Changes:"
-
-- Changed `std/osfiles.copyFile` to allow specifying `bufferSize` instead of a hard-coded one.
-- Changed `std/osfiles.copyFile` to use `POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL` hints for kernel-level aggressive sequential read-aheads.
-- `std/htmlparser` has been moved to a nimble package, use `nimble` or `atlas` to install it.
-- Changed `std/os.copyDir` and `copyDirWithPermissions` to allow skipping special "file" objects like FIFOs, device files, etc on Unix by specifying a `skipSpecial` parameter.
-
-[//]: # "Additions:"
-
-- Added `newStringUninit` to the `system` module, which creates a new string of length `len` like `newString` but with uninitialized content.
-- Added `setLenUninit` to the `system` module, which doesn't initialize
-slots when enlarging a sequence.
-- Added `hasDefaultValue` to `std/typetraits` to check if a type has a valid default value.
-- Added `rangeBase` to `std/typetraits` to obtain the base type of a range type or
-  convert a value with a range type to its base type.
-- Added Viewport API for the JavaScript targets in the `dom` module.
-- Added `toSinglyLinkedRing` and `toDoublyLinkedRing` to `std/lists` to convert from `openArray`s.
-- ORC: To be enabled via `nimOrcStats` there is a new API called `GC_orcStats` that can be used to query how many
-  objects the cyclic collector did free. If the number is zero that is a strong indicator that you can use `--mm:arc`
-  instead of `--mm:orc`.
-- A `$` template is provided for `Path` in `std/paths`.
-- `std/hashes.hash(x:string)` changed to produce a 64-bit string `Hash` (based
-on Google's Farm Hash) which is also often faster than the present one.  Define
-`nimStringHash2` to get the old values back.  `--jsbigint=off` mode always only
-produces the old values.  This may impact your automated tests if they depend
-on hash order in some obvious or indirect way.  Using `sorted` or `OrderedTable`
-is often an easy workaround.
-
-[//]: # "Deprecations:"
-
-- Deprecates `system.newSeqUninitialized`, which is replaced by `newSeqUninit`.
-
-[//]: # "Removals:"
-
-
-
-
-
-
 ## Language changes
 
-- `noInit` can be used in types and fields to disable member initializers in the C++ backend.
-
-- C++ custom constructors initializers see https://nim-lang.org/docs/manual_experimental.html#constructor-initializer
-
-- `member` can be used to attach a procedure to a C++ type.
-
-- Inside a C++ constructor, `result` can be used to access the created object rather than `this`.
-
-- Tuple unpacking changes:
-  - Tuple unpacking assignment now supports using underscores to discard values.
-    ```nim
-    var a, c: int
-    (a, _, c) = (1, 2, 3)
-    ```
-  - Tuple unpacking variable declarations now support type annotations, but
-    only for the entire tuple.
-    ```nim
-    let (a, b): (int, int) = (1, 2)
-    let (a, (b, c)): (byte, (float, cstring)) = (1, (2, "abc"))
-    ```
-
-- The experimental option `--experimental:openSym` has been added to allow
-  captured symbols in generic routine and template bodies respectively to be
-  replaced by symbols injected locally by templates/macros at instantiation
-  time. `bind` may be used to keep the captured symbols over the injected ones
-  regardless of enabling the option, but other methods like renaming the
-  captured symbols should be used instead so that the code is not affected by
-  context changes.
-
-  Since this change may affect runtime behavior, the experimental switch
-  `openSym` needs to be enabled; and a warning is given in the case where an
-  injected symbol would replace a captured symbol not bound by `bind` and
-  the experimental switch isn't enabled.
-
-  ```nim
-  const value = "captured"
-  template foo(x: int, body: untyped): untyped =
-    let value {.inject.} = "injected"
-    body
-
-  proc old[T](): string =
-    foo(123):
-      return value # warning: a new `value` has been injected, use `bind` or turn on `experimental:openSym`
-  echo old[int]() # "captured"
-
-  template oldTempl(): string =
-    block:
-      foo(123):
-        value # warning: a new `value` has been injected, use `bind` or turn on `experimental:openSym`
-  echo oldTempl() # "captured"
-
-  {.experimental: "openSym".}
-
-  proc bar[T](): string =
-    foo(123):
-      return value
-  assert bar[int]() == "injected" # previously it would be "captured"
-
-  proc baz[T](): string =
-    bind value
-    foo(123):
-      return value
-  assert baz[int]() == "captured"
-
-  template barTempl(): string =
-    block:
-      foo(123):
-        value
-  assert barTempl() == "injected" # previously it would be "captured"
-
-  template bazTempl(): string =
-    bind value
-    block:
-      foo(123):
-        value
-  assert bazTempl() == "captured"
-  ```
-
-  This option also generates a new node kind `nnkOpenSym` which contains
-  exactly 1 `nnkSym` node. In the future this might be merged with a slightly
-  modified `nnkOpenSymChoice` node but macros that want to support the
-  experimental feature should still handle `nnkOpenSym`, as the node kind would
-  simply not be generated as opposed to being removed.
-
-  Another experimental switch `genericsOpenSym` exists that enables this behavior
-  at instantiation time, meaning templates etc can enable it specifically when
-  they are being called. However this does not generate `nnkOpenSym` nodes
-  (unless the other switch is enabled) and so doesn't reflect the regular
-  behavior of the switch.
-
-  ```nim
-  const value = "captured"
-  template foo(x: int, body: untyped): untyped =
-    let value {.inject.} = "injected"
-    {.push experimental: "genericsOpenSym".}
-    body
-    {.pop.}
-
-  proc bar[T](): string =
-    foo(123):
-      return value
-  echo bar[int]() # "injected"
-
-  template barTempl(): string =
-    block:
-      var res: string
-      foo(123):
-        res = value
-      res
-  assert barTempl() == "injected"
-  ```
-
-
-
-
-
 ## Compiler changes
 
-- `--nimcache` using a relative path as the argument in a config file is now relative to the config file instead of the current directory.
-
-
-
-
-
 ## Tool changes
 
-- koch now allows bootstrapping with `-d:nimHasLibFFI`, replacing the older option of building the compiler directly w/ the `libffi` nimble package.

changelogs/changelog_X_XX_X.md

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# v2.xx.x - yyyy-mm-dd
+# v1.xx.x - yyyy-mm-dd
 
 This is an example file.
 The changes should go to changelog.md!

compiler/astalgo.nim

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ template mdbg*: bool {.deprecated.} =
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 proc lookupInRecord*(n: PNode, field: PIdent): PSym
+proc mustRehash*(length, counter: int): bool
+proc nextTry*(h, maxHash: Hash): Hash {.inline.}
 
 # ------------- table[int, int] ---------------------------------------------
 const
@@ -214,6 +216,10 @@ proc getNamedParamFromList*(list: PNode, ident: PIdent): PSym =
 proc hashNode(p: RootRef): Hash =
   result = hash(cast[pointer](p))
 
+proc mustRehash(length, counter: int): bool =
+  assert(length > counter)
+  result = (length * 2 < counter * 3) or (length - counter < 4)
+
 import std/tables
 
 const backrefStyle = "\e[90m"
@@ -478,6 +484,12 @@ proc debug(n: PNode; conf: ConfigRef) =
   this.value(n)
   echo($this.res)
 
+proc nextTry(h, maxHash: Hash): Hash {.inline.} =
+  result = ((5 * h) + 1) and maxHash
+  # For any initial h in range(maxHash), repeating that maxHash times
+  # generates each int in range(maxHash) exactly once (see any text on
+  # random-number generation for proof).
+
 proc objectSetContains*(t: TObjectSet, obj: RootRef): bool =
   # returns true whether n is in t
   var h: Hash = hashNode(obj) and high(t.data) # start with real hash value
@@ -525,6 +537,95 @@ proc objectSetContainsOrIncl*(t: var TObjectSet, obj: RootRef): bool =
   inc(t.counter)
   result = false
 
+proc strTableContains*(t: TStrTable, n: PSym): bool =
+  var h: Hash = n.name.h and high(t.data) # start with real hash value
+  while t.data[h] != nil:
+    if (t.data[h] == n):
+      return true
+    h = nextTry(h, high(t.data))
+  result = false
+
+proc strTableRawInsert(data: var seq[PSym], n: PSym) =
+  var h: Hash = n.name.h and high(data)
+  while data[h] != nil:
+    if data[h] == n:
+      # allowed for 'export' feature:
+      #InternalError(n.info, "StrTableRawInsert: " & n.name.s)
+      return
+    h = nextTry(h, high(data))
+  assert(data[h] == nil)
+  data[h] = n
+
+proc symTabReplaceRaw(data: var seq[PSym], prevSym: PSym, newSym: PSym) =
+  assert prevSym.name.h == newSym.name.h
+  var h: Hash = prevSym.name.h and high(data)
+  while data[h] != nil:
+    if data[h] == prevSym:
+      data[h] = newSym
+      return
+    h = nextTry(h, high(data))
+  assert false
+
+proc symTabReplace*(t: var TStrTable, prevSym: PSym, newSym: PSym) =
+  symTabReplaceRaw(t.data, prevSym, newSym)
+
+proc strTableEnlarge(t: var TStrTable) =
+  var n: seq[PSym]
+  newSeq(n, t.data.len * GrowthFactor)
+  for i in 0..high(t.data):
+    if t.data[i] != nil: strTableRawInsert(n, t.data[i])
+  swap(t.data, n)
+
+proc strTableAdd*(t: var TStrTable, n: PSym) =
+  if mustRehash(t.data.len, t.counter): strTableEnlarge(t)
+  strTableRawInsert(t.data, n)
+  inc(t.counter)
+
+proc strTableInclReportConflict*(t: var TStrTable, n: PSym;
+                                 onConflictKeepOld = false): PSym =
+  # if `t` has a conflicting symbol (same identifier as `n`), return it
+  # otherwise return `nil`. Incl `n` to `t` unless `onConflictKeepOld = true`
+  # and a conflict was found.
+  assert n.name != nil
+  var h: Hash = n.name.h and high(t.data)
+  var replaceSlot = -1
+  while true:
+    var it = t.data[h]
+    if it == nil: break
+    # Semantic checking can happen multiple times thanks to templates
+    # and overloading: (var x=@[]; x).mapIt(it).
+    # So it is possible the very same sym is added multiple
+    # times to the symbol table which we allow here with the 'it == n' check.
+    if it.name.id == n.name.id:
+      if it == n: return nil
+      replaceSlot = h
+    h = nextTry(h, high(t.data))
+  if replaceSlot >= 0:
+    result = t.data[replaceSlot] # found it
+    if not onConflictKeepOld:
+      t.data[replaceSlot] = n # overwrite it with newer definition!
+    return result # but return the old one
+  elif mustRehash(t.data.len, t.counter):
+    strTableEnlarge(t)
+    strTableRawInsert(t.data, n)
+  else:
+    assert(t.data[h] == nil)
+    t.data[h] = n
+  inc(t.counter)
+  result = nil
+
+proc strTableIncl*(t: var TStrTable, n: PSym;
+                   onConflictKeepOld = false): bool {.discardable.} =
+  result = strTableInclReportConflict(t, n, onConflictKeepOld) != nil
+
+proc strTableGet*(t: TStrTable, name: PIdent): PSym =
+  var h: Hash = name.h and high(t.data)
+  while true:
+    result = t.data[h]
+    if result == nil: break
+    if result.name.id == name.id: break
+    h = nextTry(h, high(t.data))
+
 
 type
   TIdentIter* = object # iterator over all syms with same identifier
@@ -612,70 +713,6 @@ iterator items*(tab: TStrTable): PSym =
     yield s
     s = nextIter(it, tab)
 
-proc isNil(x: ItemId): bool {.inline.} =
-  x.module == 0 and x.item == 0
-
-proc hasEmptySlot[T](data: TIdPairSeq[T]): bool =
-  for h in 0..high(data):
-    if isNil(data[h].key):
-      return true
-  result = false
-
-proc idTableRawGet[T](t: TIdTable[T], key: int): int =
-  var h: Hash
-  h = key and high(t.data)    # start with real hash value
-  while not isNil(t.data[h].key):
-    if toId(t.data[h].key) == key:
-      return h
-    h = nextTry(h, high(t.data))
-  result = - 1
-
-proc getOrDefault*[T](t: TIdTable[T], key: ItemId): T =
-  var index = idTableRawGet(t, toId(key))
-  if index >= 0: result = t.data[index].val
-  else: result = default(T)
-
-template idTableGet*[T](t: TIdTable[T], key: PType | PSym): T =
-  getOrDefault(t, key.itemId)
-
-proc idTableRawInsert[T](data: var TIdPairSeq[T], key: ItemId, val: T) =
-  var h: Hash
-  let keyId = toId(key)
-  h = keyId and high(data)
-  while not isNil(data[h].key):
-    assert(toId(data[h].key) != keyId)
-    h = nextTry(h, high(data))
-  assert(isNil(data[h].key))
-  data[h].key = key
-  data[h].val = val
-
-proc `[]=`*[T](t: var TIdTable[T], key: ItemId, val: T) =
-  var
-    index: int
-    n: TIdPairSeq[T]
-  index = idTableRawGet(t, toId(key))
-  if index >= 0:
-    assert(not isNil(t.data[index].key))
-    t.data[index].val = val
-  else:
-    if mustRehash(t.data.len, t.counter):
-      newSeq(n, t.data.len * GrowthFactor)
-      for i in 0..high(t.data):
-        if not isNil(t.data[i].key):
-          idTableRawInsert(n, t.data[i].key, t.data[i].val)
-      assert(hasEmptySlot(n))
-      swap(t.data, n)
-    idTableRawInsert(t.data, key, val)
-    inc(t.counter)
-
-template idTablePut*[T](t: var TIdTable[T], key: PType | PSym, val: T) =
-  t[key.itemId] = val
-
-iterator idTablePairs*[T](t: TIdTable[T]): tuple[key: ItemId, val: T] =
-  for i in 0..high(t.data):
-    if not isNil(t.data[i].key):
-      yield (t.data[i].key, t.data[i].val)
-
 proc initIITable(x: var TIITable) =
   x.counter = 0
   newSeq(x.data, StartSize)

compiler/astyaml.nim

@@ -43,13 +43,13 @@ proc flagsToStr[T](flags: set[T]): string =
 proc lineInfoToStr*(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo): string =
   result = "["
   result.addYamlString(toFilename(conf, info))
-  result.addf ", $1, $2]", toLinenumber(info), toColumn(info)
+  result.addf ", $1, $2]", [toLinenumber(info), toColumn(info)]
 
-proc treeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent, maxRecDepth: int)
-proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent, maxRecDepth: int)
-proc typeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PType; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent, maxRecDepth: int)
+proc treeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; marker: var IntSet; indent, maxRecDepth: int)
+proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet; indent, maxRecDepth: int)
+proc typeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PType; marker: var IntSet; indent, maxRecDepth: int)
 
-proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent: int; maxRecDepth: int) =
+proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet; indent: int; maxRecDepth: int) =
   if n == nil:
     res.add("null")
   elif containsOrIncl(marker, n.id):
@@ -57,12 +57,10 @@ proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet;
   else:
     let istr = spaces(indent * 4)
 
-    if nl:
-      res.addf("\n$1", istr)
     res.addf("kind: $1", [makeYamlString($n.kind)])
     res.addf("\n$1name: $2", [istr, makeYamlString(n.name.s)])
     res.addf("\n$1typ: ", [istr])
-    res.typeToYamlAux(conf, n.typ, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+    res.typeToYamlAux(conf, n.typ, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
     if conf != nil:
       # if we don't pass the config, we probably don't care about the line info
       res.addf("\n$1info: $2", [istr, lineInfoToStr(conf, n.info)])
@@ -70,7 +68,7 @@ proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet;
       res.addf("\n$1flags: $2", [istr, flagsToStr(n.flags)])
     res.addf("\n$1magic: $2", [istr, makeYamlString($n.magic)])
     res.addf("\n$1ast: ", [istr])
-    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.ast, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.ast, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
     res.addf("\n$1options: $2", [istr, flagsToStr(n.options)])
     res.addf("\n$1position: $2", [istr, $n.position])
     res.addf("\n$1k: $2", [istr, makeYamlString($n.loc.k)])
@@ -78,57 +76,53 @@ proc symToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; marker: var IntSet;
     if card(n.loc.flags) > 0:
       res.addf("\n$1flags: $2", [istr, makeYamlString($n.loc.flags)])
     res.addf("\n$1snippet: $2", [istr, n.loc.snippet])
-    res.addf("\n$1lode: ", [istr])
-    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.loc.lode, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+    res.addf("\n$1lode: $2", [istr])
+    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.loc.lode, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
 
-proc typeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PType; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent: int; maxRecDepth: int) =
+proc typeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PType; marker: var IntSet; indent: int; maxRecDepth: int) =
   if n == nil:
     res.add("null")
   elif containsOrIncl(marker, n.id):
     res.addf "\"$1 @$2\"" % [$n.kind, strutils.toHex(cast[uint](n), sizeof(n) * 2)]
   else:
     let istr = spaces(indent * 4)
-    if nl:
-      res.addf("\n$1", istr)
     res.addf("kind: $2", [istr, makeYamlString($n.kind)])
-    res.addf("\n$1sym: ", istr)
-    res.symToYamlAux(conf, n.sym, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
-    res.addf("\n$1n: ", istr)
-    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.n, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+    res.addf("\n$1sym: ")
+    res.symToYamlAux(conf, n.sym, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+    res.addf("\n$1n: ")
+    res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n.n, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
     if card(n.flags) > 0:
       res.addf("\n$1flags: $2", [istr, flagsToStr(n.flags)])
     res.addf("\n$1callconv: $2", [istr, makeYamlString($n.callConv)])
     res.addf("\n$1size: $2", [istr, $(n.size)])
     res.addf("\n$1align: $2", [istr, $(n.align)])
     if n.hasElementType:
-      res.addf("\n$1sons:", istr)
+      res.addf("\n$1sons:")
       for a in n.kids:
-        res.addf("\n$1  - ", istr)
-        res.typeToYamlAux(conf, a, marker, false, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+        res.addf("\n  - ")
+        res.typeToYamlAux(conf, a, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
 
-proc treeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; marker: var IntSet; nl: bool, indent: int;
+proc treeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; marker: var IntSet; indent: int;
                    maxRecDepth: int) =
   if n == nil:
     res.add("null")
   else:
     var istr = spaces(indent * 4)
-    if nl:
-      res.addf("\n$1", istr)
     res.addf("kind: $1" % [makeYamlString($n.kind)])
 
     if maxRecDepth != 0:
       if conf != nil:
         res.addf("\n$1info: $2", [istr, lineInfoToStr(conf, n.info)])
       case n.kind
-      of nkCharLit .. nkUInt64Lit:
+      of nkCharLit .. nkInt64Lit:
         res.addf("\n$1intVal: $2", [istr, $(n.intVal)])
-      of nkFloatLit .. nkFloat128Lit:
+      of nkFloatLit, nkFloat32Lit, nkFloat64Lit:
         res.addf("\n$1floatVal: $2", [istr, n.floatVal.toStrMaxPrecision])
       of nkStrLit .. nkTripleStrLit:
         res.addf("\n$1strVal: $2", [istr, makeYamlString(n.strVal)])
       of nkSym:
         res.addf("\n$1sym: ", [istr])
-        res.symToYamlAux(conf, n.sym, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth)
+        res.symToYamlAux(conf, n.sym, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth)
       of nkIdent:
         if n.ident != nil:
           res.addf("\n$1ident: $2", [istr, makeYamlString(n.ident.s)])
@@ -139,22 +133,22 @@ proc treeToYamlAux(res: var string; conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; marker: var IntSe
           res.addf("\n$1sons: ", [istr])
           for i in 0 ..< n.len:
             res.addf("\n$1  - ", [istr])
-            res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n[i], marker, false, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
+            res.treeToYamlAux(conf, n[i], marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth - 1)
       if n.typ != nil:
         res.addf("\n$1typ: ", [istr])
-        res.typeToYamlAux(conf, n.typ, marker, true, indent + 1, maxRecDepth)
+        res.typeToYamlAux(conf, n.typ, marker, indent + 1, maxRecDepth)
 
 proc treeToYaml*(conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; indent: int = 0; maxRecDepth: int = -1): string =
   var marker = initIntSet()
   result = newStringOfCap(1024)
-  result.treeToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, false, indent, maxRecDepth)
+  result.treeToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, indent, maxRecDepth)
 
 proc typeToYaml*(conf: ConfigRef; n: PType; indent: int = 0; maxRecDepth: int = -1): string =
   var marker = initIntSet()
   result = newStringOfCap(1024)
-  result.typeToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, false, indent, maxRecDepth)
+  result.typeToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, indent, maxRecDepth)
 
 proc symToYaml*(conf: ConfigRef; n: PSym; indent: int = 0; maxRecDepth: int = -1): string =
   var marker = initIntSet()
   result = newStringOfCap(1024)
-  result.symToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, false, indent, maxRecDepth)
+  result.symToYamlAux(conf, n, marker, indent, maxRecDepth)

compiler/btrees.nim

@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ proc copyHalf[Key, Val](h, result: Node[Key, Val]) =
       result.links[j] = h.links[Mhalf + j]
   else:
     for j in 0..<Mhalf:
-      when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc) or defined(gcYrc):
+      when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc):
         result.vals[j] = move h.vals[Mhalf + j]
       else:
         shallowCopy(result.vals[j], h.vals[Mhalf + j])
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ proc insert[Key, Val](h: Node[Key, Val], key: Key, val: Val): Node[Key, Val] =
       if less(key, h.keys[j]): break
       inc j
     for i in countdown(h.entries, j+1):
-      when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc) or defined(gcYrc):
+      when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc):
         h.vals[i] = move h.vals[i-1]
       else:
         shallowCopy(h.vals[i], h.vals[i-1])

compiler/cbuilder.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+type
+  Snippet = string
+  Builder = string
+
+template newBuilder(s: string): Builder =
+  s
+
+proc addField(obj: var Builder; name, typ: Snippet) =
+  obj.add('\t')
+  obj.add(typ)
+  obj.add(" ")
+  obj.add(name)
+  obj.add(";\n")
+
+proc addField(obj: var Builder; field: PSym; name, typ: Snippet; isFlexArray: bool; initializer: Snippet) =
+  obj.add('\t')
+  if field.alignment > 0:
+    obj.add("NIM_ALIGN(")
+    obj.addInt(field.alignment)
+    obj.add(") ")
+  obj.add(typ)
+  if sfNoalias in field.flags:
+    obj.add(" NIM_NOALIAS")
+  obj.add(" ")
+  obj.add(name)
+  if isFlexArray:
+    obj.add("[SEQ_DECL_SIZE]")
+  if field.bitsize != 0:
+    obj.add(":")
+    obj.addInt(field.bitsize)
+  if initializer.len != 0:
+    obj.add(initializer)
+  obj.add(";\n")
+
+proc structOrUnion(t: PType): Snippet =
+  let t = t.skipTypes({tyAlias, tySink})
+  if tfUnion in t.flags: "union"
+  else: "struct"
+
+proc ptrType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
+  t & "*"
+
+template addStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; typ: PType; name: string; baseType: string; body: typed) =
+  if tfPacked in typ.flags:
+    if hasAttribute in CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
+      obj.add(structOrUnion(typ))
+      obj.add(" __attribute__((__packed__))")
+    else:
+      obj.add("#pragma pack(push, 1)\n")
+      obj.add(structOrUnion(typ))
+  else:
+    obj.add(structOrUnion(typ))
+  obj.add(" ")
+  obj.add(name)
+  type BaseClassKind = enum
+    bcNone, bcCppInherit, bcSupField, bcNoneRtti, bcNoneTinyRtti
+  var baseKind = bcNone
+  if typ.kind == tyObject:
+    if typ.baseClass == nil:
+      if lacksMTypeField(typ):
+        baseKind = bcNone
+      elif optTinyRtti in m.config.globalOptions:
+        baseKind = bcNoneTinyRtti
+      else:
+        baseKind = bcNoneRtti
+    elif m.compileToCpp:
+      baseKind = bcCppInherit
+    else:
+      baseKind = bcSupField
+  if baseKind == bcCppInherit:
+    obj.add(" : public ")
+    obj.add(baseType)
+  obj.add(" ")
+  obj.add("{\n")
+  let currLen = obj.len
+  case baseKind
+  of bcNone:
+    # rest of the options add a field or don't need it due to inheritance,
+    # we need to add the dummy field for uncheckedarray ahead of time
+    # so that it remains trailing
+    if typ.itemId notin m.g.graph.memberProcsPerType and
+        typ.n != nil and typ.n.len == 1 and typ.n[0].kind == nkSym and
+        typ.n[0].sym.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind == tyUncheckedArray:
+      # only consists of flexible array field, add *initial* dummy field
+      obj.addField(name = "dummy", typ = "char")
+  of bcCppInherit: discard
+  of bcNoneRtti:
+    obj.addField(name = "m_type", typ = ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "TNimType")))
+  of bcNoneTinyRtti:
+    obj.addField(name = "m_type", typ = ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "TNimTypeV2")))
+  of bcSupField:
+    obj.addField(name = "Sup", typ = baseType)
+  body
+  if baseKind == bcNone and currLen == obj.len and typ.itemId notin m.g.graph.memberProcsPerType:
+    # no fields were added, add dummy field
+    obj.addField(name = "dummy", typ = "char")
+  obj.add("};\n")
+  if tfPacked in typ.flags and hasAttribute notin CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
+    result.add("#pragma pack(pop)\n")
+
+template addFieldWithStructType(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; parentTyp: PType; fieldName: string, body: typed) =
+  ## adds a field with a `struct { ... }` type, building it according to `body`
+  obj.add('\t')
+  if tfPacked in parentTyp.flags:
+    if hasAttribute in CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
+      obj.add("struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {\n")
+    else:
+      obj.add("#pragma pack(push, 1)\nstruct {")
+  else:
+    obj.add("struct {\n")
+  body
+  obj.add("} ")
+  obj.add(fieldName)
+  obj.add(";\n")
+  if tfPacked in parentTyp.flags and hasAttribute notin CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
+    result.add("#pragma pack(pop)\n")
+
+template addAnonUnion(obj: var Builder; body: typed) =
+  obj.add "union{\n"
+  body
+  obj.add("};\n")

compiler/cbuilderbase.nim

@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-import ropes, int128
-
-type
-  Snippet* = string
-  Builder* = object
-    buf*: string
-    indents*: int
-
-template newBuilder*(s: string): Builder =
-  Builder(buf: s)
-
-proc extract*(builder: Builder): Snippet =
-  builder.buf
-
-proc add*(builder: var Builder, s: string) =
-  builder.buf.add(s)
-
-proc add*(builder: var Builder, s: char) =
-  builder.buf.add(s)
-
-proc addNewline*(builder: var Builder) =
-  builder.add('\n')
-  for i in 0 ..< builder.indents:
-    builder.add('\t')
-
-proc addLineEnd*(builder: var Builder, s: string) =
-  builder.add(s)
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-proc addLineEndIndent*(builder: var Builder, s: string) =
-  inc builder.indents
-  builder.add(s)
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-proc addDedent*(builder: var Builder, s: string) =
-  if builder.buf.len > 0 and builder.buf[^1] == '\t':
-    builder.buf.setLen(builder.buf.len - 1)
-  builder.add(s)
-  dec builder.indents
-
-proc addLineEndDedent*(builder: var Builder, s: string) =
-  builder.addDedent(s)
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-proc addLineComment*(builder: var Builder, comment: string) =
-  # probably no-op on nifc
-  builder.add("// ")
-  builder.add(comment)
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-proc addIntValue*(builder: var Builder, val: int) =
-  builder.buf.addInt(val)
-
-proc addIntValue*(builder: var Builder, val: int64) =
-  builder.buf.addInt(val)
-
-proc addIntValue*(builder: var Builder, val: uint64) =
-  builder.buf.addInt(val)
-
-proc addIntValue*(builder: var Builder, val: Int128) =
-  builder.buf.addInt128(val)
-
-template cIntValue*(val: int): Snippet = $val
-template cIntValue*(val: int64): Snippet = $val
-template cIntValue*(val: uint64): Snippet = $val
-template cIntValue*(val: Int128): Snippet = $val
-
-template cUintValue*(val: uint): Snippet = $val & "U"
-
-import std/formatfloat
-
-proc addFloatValue*(builder: var Builder, val: float) =
-  builder.buf.addFloat(val)
-
-template cFloatValue*(val: float): Snippet = $val
-
-proc addInt64Literal*(result: var Builder; i: BiggestInt) =
-  if i > low(int64):
-    result.add "IL64($1)" % [rope(i)]
-  else:
-    result.add "(IL64(-9223372036854775807) - IL64(1))"
-
-proc addUint64Literal*(result: var Builder; i: uint64) =
-  result.add rope($i & "ULL")
-
-proc addIntLiteral*(result: var Builder; i: BiggestInt) =
-  if i > low(int32) and i <= high(int32):
-    result.addIntValue(i)
-  elif i == low(int32):
-    # Nim has the same bug for the same reasons :-)
-    result.add "(-2147483647 -1)"
-  elif i > low(int64):
-    result.add "IL64($1)" % [rope(i)]
-  else:
-    result.add "(IL64(-9223372036854775807) - IL64(1))"
-
-proc addIntLiteral*(result: var Builder; i: Int128) =
-  addIntLiteral(result, toInt64(i))
-
-proc cInt64Literal*(i: BiggestInt): Snippet =
-  if i > low(int64):
-    result = "IL64($1)" % [rope(i)]
-  else:
-    result = "(IL64(-9223372036854775807) - IL64(1))"
-
-proc cUint64Literal*(i: uint64): Snippet =
-  result = $i & "ULL"
-
-proc cIntLiteral*(i: BiggestInt): Snippet =
-  if i > low(int32) and i <= high(int32):
-    result = rope(i)
-  elif i == low(int32):
-    # Nim has the same bug for the same reasons :-)
-    result = "(-2147483647 -1)"
-  elif i > low(int64):
-    result = "IL64($1)" % [rope(i)]
-  else:
-    result = "(IL64(-9223372036854775807) - IL64(1))"
-
-proc cIntLiteral*(i: Int128): Snippet =
-  result = cIntLiteral(toInt64(i))
-
-const
-  NimInt* = "NI"
-  NimInt8* = "NI8"
-  NimInt16* = "NI16"
-  NimInt32* = "NI32"
-  NimInt64* = "NI64"
-  CInt* = "int"
-  NimUint* = "NU"
-  NimUint8* = "NU8"
-  NimUint16* = "NU16"
-  NimUint32* = "NU32"
-  NimUint64* = "NU64"
-  NimFloat* = "NF"
-  NimFloat32* = "NF32"
-  NimFloat64* = "NF64"
-  NimFloat128* = "NF128" # not actually defined
-  NimNan* = "NAN"
-  NimInf* = "INF"
-  NimBool* = "NIM_BOOL"
-  NimTrue* = "NIM_TRUE"
-  NimFalse* = "NIM_FALSE"
-  NimChar* = "NIM_CHAR"
-  CChar* = "char"
-  NimCstring* = "NCSTRING"
-  NimNil* = "NIM_NIL"
-  CNil* = "NULL"
-  NimStrlitFlag* = "NIM_STRLIT_FLAG"
-  CVoid* = "void"
-  CPointer* = "void*"
-  CConstPointer* = "NIM_CONST void*"
-
-proc cIntType*(bits: BiggestInt): Snippet =
-  "NI" & $bits
-
-proc cUintType*(bits: BiggestInt): Snippet =
-  "NU" & $bits
-
-type
-  IfBuilderState* = enum
-    WaitingIf, WaitingElseIf, InBlock
-  IfBuilder* = object
-    state*: IfBuilderState

compiler/cbuilderdecls.nim

@@ -1,668 +0,0 @@
-type VarKind = enum
-  Local
-  Global
-  Threadvar
-  Const
-  AlwaysConst ## const even on C++
-
-proc addVarHeader(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind) =
-  ## adds modifiers for given var kind:
-  ## Local has no modifier
-  ## Global has `static` modifier
-  ## Const has `static NIM_CONST` modifier
-  ## AlwaysConst has `static const` modifier (NIM_CONST is no-op on C++)
-  ## Threadvar is unimplemented
-  case kind
-  of Local: discard
-  of Global:
-    builder.add("static ")
-  of Const:
-    builder.add("static NIM_CONST ")
-  of AlwaysConst:
-    builder.add("static const ")
-  of Threadvar:
-    doAssert false, "unimplemented"
-
-proc addVar(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string, typ: Snippet, initializer: Snippet = "") =
-  ## adds a variable declaration to the builder
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  builder.add(typ)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    builder.add(" = ")
-    builder.add(initializer)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addVarWithType(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string, body: typed) =
-  ## adds a variable declaration to the builder, with the `body` building the type
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  body
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addVarWithInitializer(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string,
-                               typ: Snippet, initializerBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a variable declaration to the builder, with
-  ## `initializerBody` building the initializer. initializer must be provided
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  builder.add(typ)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(" = ")
-  initializerBody
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addVarWithTypeAndInitializer(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string,
-                                      typeBody, initializerBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a variable declaration to the builder, with `typeBody` building the type, and
-  ## `initializerBody` building the initializer. initializer must be provided
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  typeBody
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(" = ")
-  initializerBody
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addArrayVar(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string, elementType: Snippet, len: int, initializer: Snippet = "") =
-  ## adds an array variable declaration to the builder
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  builder.add(elementType)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add("[")
-  builder.addIntValue(len)
-  builder.add("]")
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    builder.add(" = ")
-    builder.add(initializer)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addArrayVarWithInitializer(builder: var Builder, kind: VarKind = Local, name: string, elementType: Snippet, len: int, body: typed) =
-  ## adds an array variable declaration to the builder with the initializer built according to `body`
-  builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  builder.add(elementType)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add("[")
-  builder.addIntValue(len)
-  builder.add("] = ")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addTypedef(builder: var Builder, name: string, typeBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a typedef declaration to the builder with name `name` and type as
-  ## built in `typeBody`
-  builder.add("typedef ")
-  typeBody
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addProcTypedef(builder: var Builder, callConv: TCallingConvention, name: string, rettype, params: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("typedef ")
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[callConv])
-  builder.add("_PTR(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addArrayTypedef(builder: var Builder, name: string, len: BiggestInt, typeBody: typed) =
-  ## adds an array typedef declaration to the builder with name `name`,
-  ## length `len`, and element type as built in `typeBody`
-  builder.add("typedef ")
-  typeBody
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add("[")
-  builder.addIntValue(len)
-  builder.addLineEnd("];")
-
-type
-  StructInitializerKind = enum
-    siOrderedStruct ## struct constructor, but without named fields on C
-    siNamedStruct ## struct constructor, with named fields i.e. C99 designated initializer
-    siArray ## array constructor
-    siWrapper ## wrapper for a single field, generates it verbatim
-
-  StructInitializer = object
-    ## context for building struct initializers, i.e. `{ field1, field2 }`
-    kind: StructInitializerKind
-      ## if true, fields will not be named, instead values are placed in order
-    needsComma: bool
-
-proc initStructInitializer(builder: var Builder, kind: StructInitializerKind): StructInitializer =
-  ## starts building a struct initializer, i.e. braced initializer list
-  result = StructInitializer(kind: kind, needsComma: false)
-  if kind != siWrapper:
-    builder.add("{")
-
-template addField(builder: var Builder, constr: var StructInitializer, name: string, valueBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a field to a struct initializer, with the value built in `valueBody`
-  if constr.needsComma:
-    assert constr.kind != siWrapper, "wrapper constructor cannot have multiple fields"
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    constr.needsComma = true
-  case constr.kind
-  of siArray, siWrapper:
-    # no name, can just add value
-    valueBody
-  of siOrderedStruct:
-    # positional init - name not used in output (empty allowed for anonymous unions)
-    valueBody
-  of siNamedStruct:
-    # designated init - empty name for anonymous unions (skips .name = prefix)
-    if name.len != 0:
-      builder.add(".")
-      builder.add(name)
-      builder.add(" = ")
-    valueBody
-
-proc finishStructInitializer(builder: var Builder, constr: StructInitializer) =
-  ## finishes building a struct initializer
-  if constr.kind != siWrapper:
-    builder.add("}")
-
-template addStructInitializer(builder: var Builder, constr: out StructInitializer, kind: StructInitializerKind, body: typed) =
-  ## builds a struct initializer, i.e. `{ field1, field2 }`
-  ## a `var StructInitializer` must be declared and passed as a parameter so
-  ## that it can be used with `addField`
-  constr = builder.initStructInitializer(kind)
-  body
-  builder.finishStructInitializer(constr)
-
-proc addField(obj: var Builder; name, typ: Snippet; isFlexArray: bool = false; initializer: Snippet = "") =
-  ## adds a field inside a struct/union type
-  obj.add('\t')
-  obj.add(typ)
-  obj.add(" ")
-  obj.add(name)
-  if isFlexArray:
-    obj.add("[SEQ_DECL_SIZE]")
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    obj.add(initializer)
-  obj.add(";\n")
-
-proc addArrayField(obj: var Builder; name, elementType: Snippet; len: int; initializer: Snippet = "") =
-  ## adds an array field inside a struct/union type
-  obj.add('\t')
-  obj.add(elementType)
-  obj.add(" ")
-  obj.add(name)
-  obj.add("[")
-  obj.addIntValue(len)
-  obj.add("]")
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    obj.add(initializer)
-  obj.add(";\n")
-
-proc addField(obj: var Builder; field: PSym; name, typ: Snippet; isFlexArray: bool = false; initializer: Snippet = "") =
-  ## adds an field inside a struct/union type, based on an `skField` symbol
-  obj.add('\t')
-  if field.alignment > 0:
-    obj.add("NIM_ALIGN(")
-    obj.addIntValue(field.alignment)
-    obj.add(") ")
-  obj.add(typ)
-  if sfNoalias in field.flags:
-    obj.add(" NIM_NOALIAS")
-  obj.add(" ")
-  obj.add(name)
-  if isFlexArray:
-    obj.add("[SEQ_DECL_SIZE]")
-  if field.bitsize != 0:
-    obj.add(":")
-    obj.addIntValue(field.bitsize)
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    obj.add(initializer)
-  obj.add(";\n")
-
-proc addProcField(obj: var Builder, callConv: TCallingConvention, name: string, rettype, params: Snippet) =
-  obj.add(CallingConvToStr[callConv])
-  obj.add("_PTR(")
-  obj.add(rettype)
-  obj.add(", ")
-  obj.add(name)
-  obj.add(")")
-  obj.add(params)
-  obj.add(";\n")
-
-type
-  BaseClassKind = enum
-    ## denotes how and whether or not the base class/RTTI should be stored
-    bcNone, bcCppInherit, bcSupField, bcNoneRtti, bcNoneTinyRtti
-  StructBuilderInfo = object
-    ## context for building `struct` types
-    baseKind: BaseClassKind
-    named: bool
-    preFieldsLen: int
-
-proc structOrUnion(t: PType): Snippet =
-  let t = t.skipTypes({tyAlias, tySink})
-  if tfUnion in t.flags: "union"
-  else: "struct"
-
-proc startSimpleStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; name: string; baseType: Snippet): StructBuilderInfo =
-  result = StructBuilderInfo(baseKind: bcNone, named: name.len != 0)
-  obj.add("struct")
-  if result.named:
-    obj.add(" ")
-    obj.add(name)
-  if baseType.len != 0:
-    if m.compileToCpp:
-      result.baseKind = bcCppInherit
-    else:
-      result.baseKind = bcSupField
-  if result.baseKind == bcCppInherit:
-    obj.add(" : public ")
-    obj.add(baseType)
-  obj.add(" ")
-  obj.add("{\n")
-  result.preFieldsLen = obj.buf.len
-  if result.baseKind == bcSupField:
-    obj.addField(name = "Sup", typ = baseType)
-
-proc finishSimpleStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; info: StructBuilderInfo) =
-  if info.baseKind == bcNone and info.preFieldsLen == obj.buf.len:
-    # no fields were added, add dummy field
-    obj.addField(name = "dummy", typ = CChar)
-  if info.named:
-    obj.add("};\n")
-  else:
-    obj.add("}")
-
-template addSimpleStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; name: string; baseType: Snippet; body: typed) =
-  ## builds a struct type not based on a Nim type with fields according to `body`,
-  ## `name` can be empty to build as a type expression and not a statement
-  let info = startSimpleStruct(obj, m, name, baseType)
-  body
-  finishSimpleStruct(obj, m, info)
-
-proc startStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; t: PType; name: string; baseType: Snippet): StructBuilderInfo =
-  result = StructBuilderInfo(baseKind: bcNone, named: name.len != 0)
-  if tfPacked in t.flags:
-    if hasAttribute in CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      obj.add(structOrUnion(t))
-      obj.add(" __attribute__((__packed__))")
-    else:
-      obj.add("#pragma pack(push, 1)\n")
-      obj.add(structOrUnion(t))
-  else:
-    obj.add(structOrUnion(t))
-  if result.named:
-    obj.add(" ")
-    obj.add(name)
-  if t.kind == tyObject:
-    if t.baseClass == nil:
-      if lacksMTypeField(t):
-        result.baseKind = bcNone
-      elif optTinyRtti in m.config.globalOptions:
-        result.baseKind = bcNoneTinyRtti
-      else:
-        result.baseKind = bcNoneRtti
-    elif m.compileToCpp:
-      result.baseKind = bcCppInherit
-    else:
-      result.baseKind = bcSupField
-  elif baseType.len != 0:
-    if m.compileToCpp:
-      result.baseKind = bcCppInherit
-    else:
-      result.baseKind = bcSupField
-  if result.baseKind == bcCppInherit:
-    obj.add(" : public ")
-    obj.add(baseType)
-  obj.add(" ")
-  obj.add("{\n")
-  result.preFieldsLen = obj.buf.len
-  case result.baseKind
-  of bcNone:
-    # rest of the options add a field or don't need it due to inheritance,
-    # we need to add the dummy field for uncheckedarray ahead of time
-    # so that it remains trailing
-    if t.itemId notin m.g.graph.memberProcsPerType and
-        t.n != nil and t.n.len == 1 and t.n[0].kind == nkSym and
-        t.n[0].sym.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind == tyUncheckedArray:
-      # only consists of flexible array field, add *initial* dummy field
-      obj.addField(name = "dummy", typ = CChar)
-  of bcCppInherit: discard
-  of bcNoneRtti:
-    obj.addField(name = "m_type", typ = ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "TNimType")))
-  of bcNoneTinyRtti:
-    obj.addField(name = "m_type", typ = ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "TNimTypeV2")))
-  of bcSupField:
-    obj.addField(name = "Sup", typ = baseType)
-
-proc finishStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; t: PType; info: StructBuilderInfo) =
-  if info.baseKind == bcNone and info.preFieldsLen == obj.buf.len and
-      t.itemId notin m.g.graph.memberProcsPerType:
-    # no fields were added, add dummy field
-    obj.addField(name = "dummy", typ = CChar)
-  if info.named:
-    obj.add("};\n")
-  else:
-    obj.add("}")
-  if tfPacked in t.flags and hasAttribute notin CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-    obj.add("#pragma pack(pop)\n")
-
-template addStruct(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; typ: PType; name: string; baseType: Snippet; body: typed) =
-  ## builds a struct type directly based on `typ` with fields according to `body`,
-  ## `name` can be empty to build as a type expression and not a statement
-  let info = startStruct(obj, m, typ, name, baseType)
-  body
-  finishStruct(obj, m, typ, info)
-
-template addFieldWithStructType(obj: var Builder; m: BModule; parentTyp: PType; fieldName: string, body: typed) =
-  ## adds a field with a `struct { ... }` type, building the fields according to `body`
-  obj.add('\t')
-  if tfPacked in parentTyp.flags:
-    if hasAttribute in CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      obj.add("struct __attribute__((__packed__)) {\n")
-    else:
-      obj.add("#pragma pack(push, 1)\nstruct {")
-  else:
-    obj.add("struct {\n")
-  body
-  obj.add("} ")
-  obj.add(fieldName)
-  obj.add(";\n")
-  if tfPacked in parentTyp.flags and hasAttribute notin CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-    obj.add("#pragma pack(pop)\n")
-
-template addAnonUnion(obj: var Builder; body: typed) =
-  ## adds an anonymous union i.e. `union { ... };` with fields according to `body`
-  obj.add "union{\n"
-  body
-  obj.add("};\n")
-
-template addUnionType(obj: var Builder; body: typed) =
-  ## adds a union type i.e. `union { ... }` with fields according to `body`
-  obj.add "union{\n"
-  body
-  obj.add("}")
-
-type DeclVisibility = enum
-  None
-  Extern
-  ExternC
-  ImportLib
-  ExportLib
-  ExportLibVar
-  Private
-  StaticProc
-
-proc addVisibilityPrefix(builder: var Builder, visibility: DeclVisibility) =
-  # internal proc
-  case visibility
-  of None: discard
-  of Extern:
-    builder.add("extern ")
-  of ExternC:
-    builder.add("NIM_EXTERNC ")
-  of ImportLib:
-    builder.add("N_LIB_IMPORT ")
-  of ExportLib:
-    builder.add("N_LIB_EXPORT ")
-  of ExportLibVar:
-    builder.add("N_LIB_EXPORT_VAR ")
-  of Private:
-    builder.add("N_LIB_PRIVATE ")
-  of StaticProc:
-    builder.add("static ")
-
-template addDeclWithVisibility(builder: var Builder, visibility: DeclVisibility, declBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a declaration as in `declBody` with the given visibility
-  builder.addVisibilityPrefix(visibility)
-  declBody
-
-type ProcParamBuilder = object
-  needsComma: bool
-
-proc initProcParamBuilder(builder: var Builder): ProcParamBuilder =
-  result = ProcParamBuilder(needsComma: false)
-  builder.add("(")
-
-proc finishProcParamBuilder(builder: var Builder, params: ProcParamBuilder) =
-  if params.needsComma:
-    builder.add(")")
-  else:
-    builder.add("void)")
-
-template cgDeclFrmt*(s: PSym): string =
-  s.constraint.strVal
-
-proc addParam(builder: var Builder, params: var ProcParamBuilder, name: string, typ: Snippet) =
-  if params.needsComma:
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    params.needsComma = true
-  builder.add(typ)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-
-proc addParam(builder: var Builder, params: var ProcParamBuilder, param: PSym, typ: Snippet) =
-  if params.needsComma:
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    params.needsComma = true
-  var modifiedTyp = typ
-  if sfNoalias in param.flags:
-    modifiedTyp.add(" NIM_NOALIAS")
-  if sfCodegenDecl notin param.flags:
-    builder.add(modifiedTyp)
-    builder.add(" ")
-    builder.add(param.loc.snippet)
-  else:
-    builder.add runtimeFormat(param.cgDeclFrmt, [modifiedTyp, param.loc.snippet])
-
-proc addUnnamedParam(builder: var Builder, params: var ProcParamBuilder, typ: Snippet) =
-  if params.needsComma:
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    params.needsComma = true
-  builder.add(typ)
-
-proc addProcTypedParam(builder: var Builder, paramBuilder: var ProcParamBuilder, callConv: TCallingConvention, name: string, rettype, params: Snippet) =
-  if paramBuilder.needsComma:
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    paramBuilder.needsComma = true
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[callConv])
-  builder.add("_PTR(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-
-proc addVarargsParam(builder: var Builder, params: var ProcParamBuilder) =
-  # does not exist in NIFC, needs to be proc pragma
-  if params.needsComma:
-    builder.add(", ")
-  else:
-    params.needsComma = true
-  builder.add("...")
-
-template addProcParams(builder: var Builder, params: out ProcParamBuilder, body: typed) =
-  params = initProcParamBuilder(builder)
-  body
-  finishProcParamBuilder(builder, params)
-
-type SimpleProcParam = tuple
-  name, typ: string
-
-proc cProcParams(params: varargs[SimpleProcParam]): Snippet =
-  if params.len == 0: return "(void)"
-  result = "("
-  for i in 0 ..< params.len:
-    if i != 0: result.add(", ")
-    result.add(params[i].typ)
-    if params[i].name.len != 0:
-      result.add(" ")
-      result.add(params[i].name)
-  result.add(")")
-
-template addProcHeaderWithParams(builder: var Builder, callConv: TCallingConvention,
-                                 name: string, rettype: Snippet, paramBuilder: typed) =
-  # on nifc should build something like (proc name params type pragmas
-  # with no body given
-  # or enforce this with secondary builder object
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[callConv])
-  builder.add("(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  paramBuilder
-
-proc addProcHeader(builder: var Builder, callConv: TCallingConvention,
-                   name: string, rettype, params: Snippet) =
-  # on nifc should build something like (proc name params type pragmas
-  # with no body given
-  # or enforce this with secondary builder object
-  addProcHeaderWithParams(builder, callConv, name, rettype):
-    builder.add(params)
-
-proc addProcHeader(builder: var Builder, name: string, rettype, params: Snippet, isConstructor = false) =
-  # no callconv
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(" ")
-  if isConstructor:
-    builder.add("__attribute__((constructor)) ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(params)
-
-proc addProcHeader(builder: var Builder, m: BModule, prc: PSym, name: string, params, rettype: Snippet, addAttributes: bool) =
-  # on nifc should build something like (proc name params type pragmas
-  # with no body given
-  # or enforce this with secondary builder object
-  let noreturn = isNoReturn(m, prc)
-  if sfPure in prc.flags and hasDeclspec in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-    builder.add("__declspec(naked) ")
-  if noreturn and hasDeclspec in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-    builder.add("__declspec(noreturn) ")
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[prc.typ.callConv])
-  builder.add("(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-  if addAttributes:
-    if sfPure in prc.flags and hasAttribute in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add(" __attribute__((naked))")
-    if noreturn and hasAttribute in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add(" __attribute__((noreturn))")
-
-proc finishProcHeaderAsProto(builder: var Builder) =
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template finishProcHeaderWithBody(builder: var Builder, body: typed) =
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(" {")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-  builder.addNewline
-
-proc addProcVar(builder: var Builder, m: BModule, prc: PSym, name: string, params, rettype: Snippet,
-                isStatic = false, ignoreAttributes = false) =
-  # on nifc, builds full variable
-  if isStatic:
-    builder.add("static ")
-  let noreturn = isNoReturn(m, prc)
-  if not ignoreAttributes:
-    if sfPure in prc.flags and hasDeclspec in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add("__declspec(naked) ")
-    if noreturn and hasDeclspec in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add("__declspec(noreturn) ")
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[prc.typ.callConv])
-  builder.add("_PTR(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-  if not ignoreAttributes:
-    if sfPure in prc.flags and hasAttribute in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add(" __attribute__((naked))")
-    if noreturn and hasAttribute in extccomp.CC[m.config.cCompiler].props:
-      builder.add(" __attribute__((noreturn))")
-  # ensure we are just adding a variable:
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addProcVar(builder: var Builder, callConv: TCallingConvention,
-                name: string, params, rettype: Snippet,
-                isStatic = false, isVolatile = false) =
-  # on nifc, builds full variable
-  if isStatic:
-    builder.add("static ")
-  builder.add(CallingConvToStr[callConv])
-  builder.add("_PTR(")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  if isVolatile:
-    builder.add("volatile ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-  # ensure we are just adding a variable:
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addProcVar(builder: var Builder,
-                name: string, params, rettype: Snippet,
-                isStatic = false, isVolatile = false) =
-  # no callconv
-  if isStatic:
-    builder.add("static ")
-  builder.add(rettype)
-  builder.add(" (*")
-  if isVolatile:
-    builder.add("volatile ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.add(")")
-  builder.add(params)
-  # ensure we are just adding a variable:
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-type VarInitializerKind = enum
-  Assignment, CppConstructor
-
-proc addVar(builder: var Builder, m: BModule, s: PSym, name: string, typ: Snippet, kind = Local, visibility: DeclVisibility = None, initializer: Snippet = "", initializerKind: VarInitializerKind = Assignment) =
-  if sfCodegenDecl in s.flags:
-    builder.add(runtimeFormat(s.cgDeclFrmt, [typ, name]))
-    if initializer.len != 0:
-      if initializerKind == Assignment:
-        builder.add(" = ")
-      builder.add(initializer)
-    builder.addLineEnd(";")
-    return
-  if s.kind in {skLet, skVar, skField, skForVar} and s.alignment > 0:
-    builder.add("NIM_ALIGN(" & $s.alignment & ") ")
-  builder.addVisibilityPrefix(visibility)
-  if kind == Threadvar:
-    if optThreads in m.config.globalOptions:
-      let sym = s.typ.sym
-      if sym != nil and sfCppNonPod in sym.flags:
-        builder.add("NIM_THREAD_LOCAL ")
-      else: builder.add("NIM_THREADVAR ")
-  else:
-    builder.addVarHeader(kind)
-  builder.add(typ)
-  if sfRegister in s.flags: builder.add(" register")
-  if sfVolatile in s.flags: builder.add(" volatile")
-  if sfNoalias in s.flags: builder.add(" NIM_NOALIAS")
-  builder.add(" ")
-  builder.add(name)
-  if initializer.len != 0:
-    if initializerKind == Assignment:
-      builder.add(" = ")
-    builder.add(initializer)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addInclude(builder: var Builder, value: Snippet) =
-  builder.addLineEnd("#include " & value)

compiler/cbuilderexprs.nim

@@ -1,259 +0,0 @@
-proc constType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
-  # needs manipulation of `t` in nifc
-  "NIM_CONST " & t
-
-proc constPtrType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
-  t & "* NIM_CONST"
-
-proc ptrConstType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "NIM_CONST " & t & "*"
-
-proc ptrType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
-  t & "*"
-
-proc cppRefType(t: Snippet): Snippet =
-  t & "&"
-
-const
-  CallingConvToStr: array[TCallingConvention, string] = ["N_NIMCALL",
-    "N_STDCALL", "N_CDECL", "N_SAFECALL",
-    "N_SYSCALL", # this is probably not correct for all platforms,
-                 # but one can #define it to what one wants
-    "N_INLINE", "N_NOINLINE", "N_FASTCALL", "N_THISCALL", "N_CLOSURE", "N_NOCONV",
-    "N_NOCONV" #ccMember is N_NOCONV
-    ]
-
-proc procPtrTypeUnnamed(rettype, params: Snippet): Snippet =
-  rettype & "(*)" & params
-
-proc procPtrTypeUnnamedNimCall(rettype, params: Snippet): Snippet =
-  rettype & "(N_RAW_NIMCALL*)" & params
-
-proc procPtrTypeUnnamed(callConv: TCallingConvention, rettype, params: Snippet): Snippet =
-  CallingConvToStr[callConv] & "_PTR(" & rettype & ", )" & params
-
-type CppCaptureKind = enum None, ByReference, ByCopy
-
-template addCppLambda(builder: var Builder, captures: CppCaptureKind, params: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("[")
-  case captures
-  of None: discard
-  of ByReference: builder.add("&")
-  of ByCopy: builder.add("=")
-  builder.add("] ")
-  builder.add(params)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(" {")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-proc cCast(typ, value: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "((" & typ & ") " & value & ")"
-
-proc wrapPar(value: Snippet): Snippet =
-  # used for expression group, no-op on sexp
-  "(" & value & ")"
-
-proc removeSinglePar(value: Snippet): Snippet =
-  # removes a single paren layer expected to exist, to silence Wparentheses-equality
-  assert value[0] == '(' and value[^1] == ')'
-  value[1..^2]
-
-template addCast(builder: var Builder, typ: Snippet, valueBody: typed) =
-  ## adds a cast to `typ` with value built by `valueBody`
-  builder.add "(("
-  builder.add typ
-  builder.add ") "
-  valueBody
-  builder.add ")"
-
-proc cAddr(value: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "(&" & value & ")"
-
-proc cLabelAddr(value: TLabel): Snippet =
-  "&&" & value
-
-proc cDeref(value: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "(*" & value & ")"
-
-proc subscript(a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  a & "[" & b & "]"
-
-proc dotField(a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  a & "." & b
-
-proc derefField(a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  a & "->" & b
-
-type CallBuilder = object
-  needsComma: bool
-
-proc initCallBuilder(builder: var Builder, callee: Snippet): CallBuilder =
-  result = CallBuilder(needsComma: false)
-  builder.add(callee)
-  builder.add("(")
-
-const cArgumentSeparator = ", "
-
-proc addArgumentSeparator(builder: var Builder) =
-  # no-op on NIFC
-  # used by "single argument" builders
-  builder.add(cArgumentSeparator)
-
-template addArgument(builder: var Builder, call: var CallBuilder, valueBody: typed) =
-  if call.needsComma:
-    builder.addArgumentSeparator()
-  else:
-    call.needsComma = true
-  valueBody
-
-proc finishCallBuilder(builder: var Builder, call: CallBuilder) =
-  builder.add(")")
-
-template addCall(builder: var Builder, call: out CallBuilder, callee: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  call = initCallBuilder(builder, callee)
-  body
-  finishCallBuilder(builder, call)
-
-proc addCall(builder: var Builder, callee: Snippet, args: varargs[Snippet]) =
-  builder.add(callee)
-  builder.add("(")
-  if args.len != 0:
-    builder.add(args[0])
-    for i in 1 ..< args.len:
-      builder.add(", ")
-      builder.add(args[i])
-  builder.add(")")
-
-proc cCall(callee: Snippet, args: varargs[Snippet]): Snippet =
-  result = callee
-  result.add("(")
-  if args.len != 0:
-    result.add(args[0])
-    for i in 1 ..< args.len:
-      result.add(", ")
-      result.add(args[i])
-  result.add(")")
-
-proc addSizeof(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("sizeof(")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.add(")")
-
-proc addAlignof(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("NIM_ALIGNOF(")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.add(")")
-
-proc addOffsetof(builder: var Builder, val, member: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("offsetof(")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.add(", ")
-  builder.add(member)
-  builder.add(")")
-
-template cSizeof(val: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "sizeof(" & val & ")"
-
-template cAlignof(val: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "NIM_ALIGNOF(" & val & ")"
-
-template cOffsetof(val, member: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "offsetof(" & val & ", " & member & ")"
-
-type TypedBinaryOp = enum
-  Add, Sub, Mul, Div, Mod
-  Shr, Shl, BitAnd, BitOr, BitXor
-
-const typedBinaryOperators: array[TypedBinaryOp, string] = [
-  Add: "+",
-  Sub: "-",
-  Mul: "*",
-  Div: "/",
-  Mod: "%",
-  Shr: ">>",
-  Shl: "<<",
-  BitAnd: "&",
-  BitOr: "|",
-  BitXor: "^"
-]
-
-type TypedUnaryOp = enum
-  Neg, BitNot
-
-const typedUnaryOperators: array[TypedUnaryOp, string] = [
-  Neg: "-",
-  BitNot: "~",
-]
-
-type UntypedBinaryOp = enum
-  LessEqual, LessThan, GreaterEqual, GreaterThan, Equal, NotEqual
-  And, Or
-
-const untypedBinaryOperators: array[UntypedBinaryOp, string] = [
-  LessEqual: "<=",
-  LessThan: "<",
-  GreaterEqual: ">=",
-  GreaterThan: ">",
-  Equal: "==",
-  NotEqual: "!=",
-  And: "&&",
-  Or: "||"
-]
-
-type UntypedUnaryOp = enum
-  Not
-
-const untypedUnaryOperators: array[UntypedUnaryOp, string] = [
-  Not: "!"
-]
-
-proc addOp(builder: var Builder, binOp: TypedBinaryOp, t: Snippet, a, b: Snippet) =
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(typedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(b)
-  builder.add(')')
-
-proc addOp(builder: var Builder, unOp: TypedUnaryOp, t: Snippet, a: Snippet) =
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(typedUnaryOperators[unOp])
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add("))")
-
-proc addOp(builder: var Builder, binOp: UntypedBinaryOp, a, b: Snippet) =
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(untypedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(b)
-  builder.add(')')
-
-proc addOp(builder: var Builder, unOp: UntypedUnaryOp, a: Snippet) =
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(untypedUnaryOperators[unOp])
-  builder.add('(')
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add("))")
-
-template cOp(binOp: TypedBinaryOp, t: Snippet, a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  '(' & a & ' ' & typedBinaryOperators[binOp] & ' ' & b & ')'
-
-template cOp(binOp: TypedUnaryOp, t: Snippet, a: Snippet): Snippet =
-  '(' & typedUnaryOperators[binOp] & '(' & a & "))"
-
-template cOp(binOp: UntypedBinaryOp, a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  '(' & a & ' ' & untypedBinaryOperators[binOp] & ' ' & b & ')'
-
-template cOp(binOp: UntypedUnaryOp, a: Snippet): Snippet =
-  '(' & untypedUnaryOperators[binOp] & '(' & a & "))"
-
-template cIfExpr(cond, a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  # XXX used for `min` and `max`, maybe add nifc primitives for these
-  "(" & cond & " ? " & a & " : " & b & ")"
-
-template cUnlikely(val: Snippet): Snippet =
-  "NIM_UNLIKELY(" & val & ")"

compiler/cbuilderstmts.nim

@@ -1,329 +0,0 @@
-template addAssignmentWithValue(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, valueBody: typed) =
-  builder.add(lhs)
-  builder.add(" = ")
-  valueBody
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addFieldAssignmentWithValue(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, name: string, valueBody: typed) =
-  builder.add(lhs)
-  builder.add("." & name & " = ")
-  valueBody
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs, rhs: Snippet) =
-  builder.addAssignmentWithValue(lhs):
-    builder.add(rhs)
-
-template addFieldAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, name: string, rhs: Snippet) =
-  builder.addFieldAssignmentWithValue(lhs, name):
-    builder.add(rhs)
-
-template addMutualFieldAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs, rhs: Snippet, name: string) =
-  builder.addFieldAssignmentWithValue(lhs, name):
-    builder.add(rhs)
-    builder.add("." & name)
-
-template addAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, rhs: int | int64 | uint64 | Int128) =
-  builder.addAssignmentWithValue(lhs):
-    builder.addIntValue(rhs)
-
-template addFieldAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, name: string, rhs: int | int64 | uint64 | Int128) =
-  builder.addFieldAssignmentWithValue(lhs, name):
-    builder.addIntValue(rhs)
-
-template addDerefFieldAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, name: string, rhs: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(lhs)
-  builder.add("->" & name & " = ")
-  builder.add(rhs)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addSubscriptAssignment(builder: var Builder, lhs: Snippet, index: Snippet, rhs: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(lhs)
-  builder.add("[" & index & "] = ")
-  builder.add(rhs)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-template addStmt(builder: var Builder, stmtBody: typed) =
-  ## makes an expression built by `stmtBody` into a statement
-  stmtBody
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addCallStmt(builder: var Builder, callee: Snippet, args: varargs[Snippet]) =
-  builder.addStmt():
-    builder.addCall(callee, args)
-
-# XXX blocks need indent tracker in `Builder` object
-
-template addSingleIfStmt(builder: var Builder, cond: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("if (")
-  builder.add(cond)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-template addSingleIfStmtWithCond(builder: var Builder, condBody: typed, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("if (")
-  condBody
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-proc initIfStmt(builder: var Builder): IfBuilder =
-  IfBuilder(state: WaitingIf)
-
-proc finishIfStmt(builder: var Builder, stmt: IfBuilder) =
-  assert stmt.state != InBlock
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-template addIfStmt(builder: var Builder, stmt: out IfBuilder, body: typed) =
-  stmt = initIfStmt(builder)
-  body
-  finishIfStmt(builder, stmt)
-
-proc initElifBranch(builder: var Builder, stmt: var IfBuilder, cond: Snippet) =
-  case stmt.state
-  of WaitingIf:
-    builder.add("if (")
-  of WaitingElseIf:
-    builder.add(" else if (")
-  else: assert false, $stmt.state
-  builder.add(cond)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-  stmt.state = InBlock
-
-proc initElseBranch(builder: var Builder, stmt: var IfBuilder) =
-  assert stmt.state == WaitingElseIf, $stmt.state
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(" else {")
-  stmt.state = InBlock
-
-proc finishBranch(builder: var Builder, stmt: var IfBuilder) =
-  builder.addDedent("}")
-  stmt.state = WaitingElseIf
-
-template addElifBranch(builder: var Builder, stmt: var IfBuilder, cond: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  initElifBranch(builder, stmt, cond)
-  body
-  finishBranch(builder, stmt)
-
-template addElseBranch(builder: var Builder, stmt: var IfBuilder, body: typed) =
-  initElseBranch(builder, stmt)
-  body
-  finishBranch(builder, stmt)
-
-proc initForRange(builder: var Builder, i, start, bound: Snippet, inclusive: bool = false) =
-  builder.add("for (")
-  builder.add(i)
-  builder.add(" = ")
-  builder.add(start)
-  builder.add("; ")
-  builder.add(i)
-  if inclusive:
-    builder.add(" <= ")
-  else:
-    builder.add(" < ")
-  builder.add(bound)
-  builder.add("; ")
-  builder.add(i)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent("++) {")
-
-proc initForStep(builder: var Builder, i, start, bound, step: Snippet, inclusive: bool = false) =
-  builder.add("for (")
-  builder.add(i)
-  builder.add(" = ")
-  builder.add(start)
-  builder.add("; ")
-  builder.add(i)
-  if inclusive:
-    builder.add(" <= ")
-  else:
-    builder.add(" < ")
-  builder.add(bound)
-  builder.add("; ")
-  builder.add(i)
-  builder.add(" += ")
-  builder.add(step)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-
-proc finishFor(builder: var Builder) {.inline.} =
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-template addForRangeExclusive(builder: var Builder, i, start, bound: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  initForRange(builder, i, start, bound, false)
-  body
-  finishFor(builder)
-
-template addForRangeInclusive(builder: var Builder, i, start, bound: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  initForRange(builder, i, start, bound, true)
-  body
-  finishFor(builder)
-
-template addSwitchStmt(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("switch (")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEnd(") {") # no indent
-  body
-  builder.addLineEnd("}")
-
-template addSingleSwitchCase(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("case ")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(":")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("")
-
-type
-  SwitchCaseState = enum
-    None, Of, Else, Finished
-  SwitchCaseBuilder = object
-    state: SwitchCaseState
-
-proc addCase(builder: var Builder, info: var SwitchCaseBuilder, val: Snippet) =
-  if info.state != Of:
-    assert info.state == None
-    info.state = Of
-  builder.add("case ")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(":")
-
-proc addCaseRange(builder: var Builder, info: var SwitchCaseBuilder, first, last: Snippet) =
-  if info.state != Of:
-    assert info.state == None
-    info.state = Of
-  builder.add("case ")
-  builder.add(first)
-  builder.add(" ... ")
-  builder.add(last)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(":")
-
-proc addCaseElse(builder: var Builder, info: var SwitchCaseBuilder) =
-  assert info.state == None
-  info.state = Else
-  builder.addLineEndIndent("default:")
-
-template addSwitchCase(builder: var Builder, info: out SwitchCaseBuilder, caseBody, body: typed) =
-  info = SwitchCaseBuilder(state: None)
-  caseBody
-  info.state = Finished
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("")
-
-template addSwitchElse(builder: var Builder, body: typed) =
-  builder.addLineEndIndent("default:")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("")
-
-proc addBreak(builder: var Builder) =
-  builder.addLineEnd("break;")
-
-type ScopeBuilder = object
-  inside: bool
-
-proc initScope(builder: var Builder): ScopeBuilder =
-  builder.addLineEndIndent("{")
-  result = ScopeBuilder(inside: true)
-
-proc finishScope(builder: var Builder, scope: var ScopeBuilder) =
-  assert scope.inside, "scope not inited"
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-  scope.inside = false
-
-template addScope(builder: var Builder, body: typed) =
-  builder.addLineEndIndent("{")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-type WhileBuilder = object
-  inside: bool
-
-proc initWhileStmt(builder: var Builder, cond: Snippet): WhileBuilder =
-  builder.add("while (")
-  builder.add(cond)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-  result = WhileBuilder(inside: true)
-
-proc finishWhileStmt(builder: var Builder, stmt: var WhileBuilder) =
-  assert stmt.inside, "while stmt not inited"
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-  stmt.inside = false
-
-template addWhileStmt(builder: var Builder, cond: Snippet, body: typed) =
-  builder.add("while (")
-  builder.add(cond)
-  builder.addLineEndIndent(") {")
-  body
-  builder.addLineEndDedent("}")
-
-proc addLabel(builder: var Builder, name: TLabel) =
-  builder.add(name)
-  builder.addLineEnd(": ;")
-
-proc addReturn(builder: var Builder) =
-  builder.addLineEnd("return;")
-
-proc addReturn(builder: var Builder, value: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("return ")
-  builder.add(value)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addGoto(builder: var Builder, label: TLabel) =
-  builder.add("goto ")
-  builder.add(label)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addComputedGoto(builder: var Builder, value: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("goto *")
-  builder.add(value)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addIncr(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEnd("++;")
-
-proc addDecr(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEnd("--;")
-
-proc addInPlaceOp(builder: var Builder, binOp: TypedBinaryOp, t: Snippet, a, b: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(typedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  builder.add("= ")
-  builder.add(b)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc addInPlaceOp(builder: var Builder, binOp: UntypedBinaryOp, a, b: Snippet) =
-  builder.add(a)
-  builder.add(' ')
-  builder.add(untypedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  builder.add("= ")
-  builder.add(b)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")
-
-proc cInPlaceOp(binOp: TypedBinaryOp, t: Snippet, a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  result = ""
-  result.add(a)
-  result.add(' ')
-  result.add(typedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  result.add("= ")
-  result.add(b)
-  result.add(";\n")
-
-proc cInPlaceOp(binOp: UntypedBinaryOp, a, b: Snippet): Snippet =
-  result = ""
-  result.add(a)
-  result.add(' ')
-  result.add(untypedBinaryOperators[binOp])
-  result.add("= ")
-  result.add(b)
-  result.add(";\n")
-
-template addCPragma(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.addNewline()
-  builder.add("#pragma ")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addNewline()
-
-proc addDiscard(builder: var Builder, val: Snippet) =
-  builder.add("(void)")
-  builder.add(val)
-  builder.addLineEnd(";")

compiler/ccgcalls.nim

@@ -84,21 +84,20 @@ proc cleanupTemp(p: BProc; returnType: PType, tmp: TLoc): bool =
     let dtor = getAttachedOp(p.module.g.graph, returnType, attachedDestructor)
     var op = initLocExpr(p, newSymNode(dtor))
     var callee = rdLoc(op)
-    let destroyArg =
-      if dtor.typ.firstParamType.kind == tyVar:
-        cAddr(rdLoc(tmp))
+    let destroy = if dtor.typ.firstParamType.kind == tyVar:
+        callee & "(&" & rdLoc(tmp) & ")"
       else:
-        rdLoc(tmp)
-    let destroy = cCall(callee, destroyArg)
+        callee & "(" & rdLoc(tmp) & ")"
     raiseExitCleanup(p, destroy)
     result = true
   else:
     result = false
 
 proc fixupCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc,
-               result: var Builder, call: var CallBuilder) =
+               callee, params: Rope) =
   let canRaise = p.config.exc == excGoto and canRaiseDisp(p, ri[0])
   genLineDir(p, ri)
+  var pl = callee & "(" & params
   # getUniqueType() is too expensive here:
   var typ = skipTypes(ri[0].typ, abstractInst)
   if typ.returnType != nil:
@@ -107,6 +106,7 @@ proc fixupCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc,
       # perhaps generate no temp if the call doesn't have side effects
       flags.incl needTempForOpenArray
     if isInvalidReturnType(p.config, typ):
+      if params.len != 0: pl.add(", ")
       # beware of 'result = p(result)'. We may need to allocate a temporary:
       if d.k in {locTemp, locNone} or not preventNrvo(p, d.lode, le, ri):
         # Great, we can use 'd':
@@ -114,39 +114,33 @@ proc fixupCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc,
         elif d.k notin {locTemp} and not hasNoInit(ri):
           # reset before pass as 'result' var:
           discard "resetLoc(p, d)"
-        let rad = addrLoc(p.config, d)
-        result.addArgument(call):
-          result.add(rad)
-        result.finishCallBuilder(call)
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-          p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(result))
+        pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, d))
+        pl.add(");\n")
+        line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
       else:
         var tmp: TLoc = getTemp(p, typ.returnType, needsInit=true)
-        let ratmp = addrLoc(p.config, tmp)
-        result.addArgument(call):
-          result.add(ratmp)
-        result.finishCallBuilder(call)
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-          p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(result))
+        pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, tmp))
+        pl.add(");\n")
+        line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
         genAssignment(p, d, tmp, {}) # no need for deep copying
       if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
     else:
-      result.finishCallBuilder(call)
+      pl.add(")")
       if p.module.compileToCpp:
         if lfSingleUse in d.flags:
           # do not generate spurious temporaries for C++! For C we're better off
           # with them to prevent undefined behaviour and because the codegen
           # is free to emit expressions multiple times!
           d.k = locCall
-          d.snippet = extract(result)
+          d.snippet = pl
           excl d.flags, lfSingleUse
         else:
-          if d.k == locNone and p.splitDecls == 0 and p.config.exc != excGoto:
-            d = getTempCpp(p, typ.returnType, extract(result))
+          if d.k == locNone and p.splitDecls == 0:
+            d = getTempCpp(p, typ.returnType, pl)
           else:
             if d.k == locNone: d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
             var list = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-            list.snippet = extract(result)
+            list.snippet = pl
             genAssignment(p, d, list, {needAssignCall}) # no need for deep copying
             if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
 
@@ -157,7 +151,7 @@ proc fixupCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc,
           d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
         assert(d.t != nil)        # generate an assignment to d:
         var list = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-        list.snippet = extract(result)
+        list.snippet = pl
         genAssignment(p, d, list, flags+{needAssignCall}) # no need for deep copying
         if canRaise:
           if not (useTemp and cleanupTemp(p, typ.returnType, d)):
@@ -165,16 +159,15 @@ proc fixupCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc,
       else:
         var tmp: TLoc = getTemp(p, typ.returnType, needsInit=true)
         var list = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-        list.snippet = extract(result)
+        list.snippet = pl
         genAssignment(p, tmp, list, flags+{needAssignCall}) # no need for deep copying
         if canRaise:
           if not cleanupTemp(p, typ.returnType, tmp):
             raiseExit(p)
         genAssignment(p, d, tmp, {})
   else:
-    finishCallBuilder(result, call)
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-      p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(result))
+    pl.add(");\n")
+    line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
     if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
 
 proc genBoundsCheck(p: BProc; arr, a, b: TLoc; arrTyp: PType)
@@ -206,58 +199,49 @@ proc genOpenArraySlice(p: BProc; q: PNode; formalType, destType: PType; prepareF
   if optBoundsCheck in p.options:
     genBoundsCheck(p, a, b, c, ty)
   if prepareForMutation:
-    let bra = byRefLoc(p, a)
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimPrepareStrMutationV2"),
-      bra)
+    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#nimPrepareStrMutationV2($1);$n", [byRefLoc(p, a)])
   let dest = getTypeDesc(p.module, destType)
-  let ra = rdLoc(a)
-  let rb = rdLoc(b)
-  let rc = rdLoc(c)
-  let lengthExpr = cOp(Add, NimInt, cOp(Sub, NimInt, rc, rb), cIntValue(1))
+  let lengthExpr = "($1)-($2)+1" % [rdLoc(c), rdLoc(b)]
   case ty.kind
   of tyArray:
     let first = toInt64(firstOrd(p.config, ty))
     if first == 0:
-      result = (cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt, ra, rb)), lengthExpr)
+      result = ("($3*)(($1)+($2))" % [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dest],
+                lengthExpr)
     else:
-      let lit = cIntLiteral(first)
-      result = (cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt, ra, cOp(Sub, NimInt, rb, lit))), lengthExpr)
+      var lit = newRopeAppender()
+      intLiteral(first, lit)
+      result = ("($4*)($1)+(($2)-($3))" %
+        [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), lit, dest],
+        lengthExpr)
   of tyOpenArray, tyVarargs:
-    let data = if reifiedOpenArray(q[1]): dotField(ra, "Field0") else: ra
-    result = (cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt, data, rb)), lengthExpr)
+    if reifiedOpenArray(q[1]):
+      result = ("($3*)($1.Field0)+($2)" % [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dest],
+                lengthExpr)
+    else:
+      result = ("($3*)($1)+($2)" % [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dest],
+                lengthExpr)
   of tyUncheckedArray, tyCstring:
-    result = (cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt, ra, rb)), lengthExpr)
+    result = ("($3*)($1)+($2)" % [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dest],
+              lengthExpr)
   of tyString, tySequence:
     let atyp = skipTypes(a.t, abstractInst)
     if formalType.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind in {tyVar} and atyp.kind == tyString and
-        optSeqDestructors in p.config.globalOptions and not p.config.usesSso():
-      let bra = byRefLoc(p, a)
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimPrepareStrMutationV2"),
-        bra)
-    if p.config.usesSso() and
-        skipTypes(a.t, abstractVar + abstractInst).kind == tyString:
-      let strPtr = if atyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module): ra
-                   else: addrLoc(p.config, a)
-      result = (
-        cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt,
-          cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrData"), strPtr), rb)),
-        lengthExpr)
+        optSeqDestructors in p.config.globalOptions:
+      linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#nimPrepareStrMutationV2($1);$n", [byRefLoc(p, a)])
+    if atyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module):
+      result = ("(($5) ? (($4*)(*$1)$3+($2)) : NIM_NIL)" %
+                  [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dataField(p), dest, dataFieldAccessor(p, "*" & rdLoc(a))],
+                lengthExpr)
     else:
-      var val: Snippet
-      if atyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module):
-        val = cDeref(ra)
-      else:
-        val = ra
-      result = (
-        cIfExpr(dataFieldAccessor(p, val),
-          cCast(ptrType(dest), cOp(Add, NimInt, dataField(p, val), rb)),
-          NimNil),
-        lengthExpr)
+      result = ("(($5) ? (($4*)$1$3+($2)) : NIM_NIL)" %
+                  [rdLoc(a), rdLoc(b), dataField(p), dest, dataFieldAccessor(p, rdLoc(a))],
+                lengthExpr)
   else:
     result = ("", "")
     internalError(p.config, "openArrayLoc: " & typeToString(a.t))
 
-proc openArrayLoc(p: BProc, formalType: PType, n: PNode; result: var Builder) =
+proc openArrayLoc(p: BProc, formalType: PType, n: PNode; result: var Rope) =
   var q = skipConv(n)
   var skipped = false
   while q.kind == nkStmtListExpr and q.len > 0:
@@ -272,82 +256,42 @@ proc openArrayLoc(p: BProc, formalType: PType, n: PNode; result: var Builder) =
           genStmts(p, q[i])
         q = q.lastSon
     let (x, y) = genOpenArraySlice(p, q, formalType, n.typ.elementType)
-    result.add(x)
-    result.addArgumentSeparator()
-    result.add(y)
+    result.add x & ", " & y
   else:
     var a = initLocExpr(p, if n.kind == nkHiddenStdConv: n[1] else: n)
     case skipTypes(a.t, abstractVar+{tyStatic}).kind
     of tyOpenArray, tyVarargs:
-      let ra = rdLoc(a)
       if reifiedOpenArray(n):
         if a.t.kind in {tyVar, tyLent}:
-          result.add(derefField(ra, "Field0"))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(derefField(ra, "Field1"))
+          result.add "$1->Field0, $1->Field1" % [rdLoc(a)]
         else:
-          result.add(dotField(ra, "Field0"))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(dotField(ra, "Field1"))
+          result.add "$1.Field0, $1.Field1" % [rdLoc(a)]
       else:
-        result.add(ra)
-        result.addArgumentSeparator()
-        result.add(ra & "Len_0")
+        result.add "$1, $1Len_0" % [rdLoc(a)]
     of tyString, tySequence:
       let ntyp = skipTypes(n.typ, abstractInst)
       if formalType.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind in {tyVar} and ntyp.kind == tyString and
-          optSeqDestructors in p.config.globalOptions and not p.config.usesSso():
-        let bra = byRefLoc(p, a)
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimPrepareStrMutationV2"),
-          bra)
-      if p.config.usesSso() and
-          skipTypes(n.typ, abstractVar + abstractInst).kind == tyString:
-        if ntyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module):
-          let ra = a.rdLoc
-          result.add(cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrData"), ra))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrLen"), cDeref(ra)))
-        else:
-          result.add(cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrData"), addrLoc(p.config, a)))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(lenExpr(p, a))
-      elif ntyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module):
-        let ra = a.rdLoc
-        var t = TLoc(snippet: cDeref(ra))
-        let lt = lenExpr(p, t)
-        result.add(cIfExpr(dataFieldAccessor(p, t.snippet), dataField(p, t.snippet), NimNil))
-        result.addArgumentSeparator()
-        result.add(lt)
+          optSeqDestructors in p.config.globalOptions:
+        linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "#nimPrepareStrMutationV2($1);$n", [byRefLoc(p, a)])
+      if ntyp.kind in {tyVar} and not compileToCpp(p.module):
+        var t = TLoc(snippet: "(*$1)" % [a.rdLoc])
+        result.add "($4) ? ((*$1)$3) : NIM_NIL, $2" %
+                     [a.rdLoc, lenExpr(p, t), dataField(p),
+                      dataFieldAccessor(p, "*" & a.rdLoc)]
       else:
-        let ra = a.rdLoc
-        let la = lenExpr(p, a)
-        result.add(cIfExpr(dataFieldAccessor(p, ra), dataField(p, ra), NimNil))
-        result.addArgumentSeparator()
-        result.add(la)
+        result.add "($4) ? ($1$3) : NIM_NIL, $2" %
+                     [a.rdLoc, lenExpr(p, a), dataField(p), dataFieldAccessor(p, a.rdLoc)]
     of tyArray:
-      let ra = rdLoc(a)
-      result.add(ra)
-      result.addArgumentSeparator()
-      result.addIntValue(lengthOrd(p.config, a.t))
+      result.add "$1, $2" % [rdLoc(a), rope(lengthOrd(p.config, a.t))]
     of tyPtr, tyRef:
       case elementType(a.t).kind
       of tyString, tySequence:
-        let ra = a.rdLoc
-        var t = TLoc(snippet: cDeref(ra))
-        let lt = lenExpr(p, t)
-        if p.config.usesSso():
-          result.add(cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrData"), ra))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimStrLen"), t.snippet))
-        else:
-          result.add(cIfExpr(dataFieldAccessor(p, t.snippet), dataField(p, t.snippet), NimNil))
-          result.addArgumentSeparator()
-          result.add(lt)
+        var t = TLoc(snippet: "(*$1)" % [a.rdLoc])
+        result.add "($4) ? ((*$1)$3) : NIM_NIL, $2" %
+                     [a.rdLoc, lenExpr(p, t), dataField(p),
+                      dataFieldAccessor(p, "*" & a.rdLoc)]
       of tyArray:
-        let ra = rdLoc(a)
-        result.add(ra)
-        result.addArgumentSeparator()
-        result.addIntValue(lengthOrd(p.config, elementType(a.t)))
+        result.add "$1, $2" % [rdLoc(a), rope(lengthOrd(p.config, elementType(a.t)))]
       else:
         internalError(p.config, "openArrayLoc: " & typeToString(a.t))
     else: internalError(p.config, "openArrayLoc: " & typeToString(a.t))
@@ -356,24 +300,22 @@ proc withTmpIfNeeded(p: BProc, a: TLoc, needsTmp: bool): TLoc =
   # Bug https://github.com/status-im/nimbus-eth2/issues/1549
   # Aliasing is preferred over stack overflows.
   # Also don't regress for non ARC-builds, too risky.
-  if needsTmp and a.lode.typ != nil and p.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcYrc} and
+  if needsTmp and a.lode.typ != nil and p.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc} and
       getSize(p.config, a.lode.typ) < 1024:
     result = getTemp(p, a.lode.typ, needsInit=false)
     genAssignment(p, result, a, {})
   else:
     result = a
 
-proc expressionsNeedsTmp(p: BProc, a: TLoc): TLoc =
+proc literalsNeedsTmp(p: BProc, a: TLoc): TLoc =
   result = getTemp(p, a.lode.typ, needsInit=false)
   genAssignment(p, result, a, {})
 
-proc genArgStringToCString(p: BProc, n: PNode; result: var Builder; needsTmp: bool) {.inline.} =
+proc genArgStringToCString(p: BProc, n: PNode; result: var Rope; needsTmp: bool) {.inline.} =
   var a = initLocExpr(p, n[0])
-  let tmp = withTmpIfNeeded(p, a, needsTmp)
-  let ra = if p.config.usesSso(): byRefLoc(p, tmp) else: tmp.rdLoc
-  result.addCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimToCStringConv"), ra)
+  appcg(p.module, result, "#nimToCStringConv($1)", [withTmpIfNeeded(p, a, needsTmp).rdLoc])
 
-proc genArg(p: BProc, n: PNode, param: PSym; call: PNode; result: var Builder; needsTmp = false) =
+proc genArg(p: BProc, n: PNode, param: PSym; call: PNode; result: var Rope; needsTmp = false) =
   var a: TLoc
   if n.kind == nkStringToCString:
     genArgStringToCString(p, n, result, needsTmp)
@@ -384,7 +326,7 @@ proc genArg(p: BProc, n: PNode, param: PSym; call: PNode; result: var Builder; n
     (optByRef notin param.options or not p.module.compileToCpp):
     a = initLocExpr(p, n)
     if n.kind in {nkCharLit..nkNilLit}:
-      addAddrLoc(p.config, expressionsNeedsTmp(p, a), result)
+      addAddrLoc(p.config, literalsNeedsTmp(p, a), result)
     else:
       addAddrLoc(p.config, withTmpIfNeeded(p, a, needsTmp), result)
   elif p.module.compileToCpp and param.typ.kind in {tyVar} and
@@ -394,8 +336,8 @@ proc genArg(p: BProc, n: PNode, param: PSym; call: PNode; result: var Builder; n
     # variable. Thus, we create a temporary pointer variable instead.
     let needsIndirect = mapType(p.config, n[0].typ, mapTypeChooser(n[0]) == skParam) != ctArray
     if needsIndirect:
-      n.typ = n.typ.exactReplica(p.module.idgen)
-      n.typ.incl tfVarIsPtr
+      n.typ = n.typ.exactReplica
+      n.typ.flags.incl tfVarIsPtr
     a = initLocExprSingleUse(p, n)
     a = withTmpIfNeeded(p, a, needsTmp)
     if needsIndirect: a.flags.incl lfIndirect
@@ -414,11 +356,12 @@ proc genArg(p: BProc, n: PNode, param: PSym; call: PNode; result: var Builder; n
     if param.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyPtr, tyRef, tySink}:
       let typ = skipTypes(param.typ, abstractPtrs)
       if not sameBackendTypePickyAliases(typ, n.typ.skipTypes(abstractPtrs)):
-        a.snippet = cCast(getTypeDesc(p.module, param.typ), rdCharLoc(a))
+        a.snippet = "(($1) ($2))" %
+          [getTypeDesc(p.module, param.typ), rdCharLoc(a)]
     addRdLoc(withTmpIfNeeded(p, a, needsTmp), result)
   #assert result != nil
 
-proc genArgNoParam(p: BProc, n: PNode; result: var Builder; needsTmp = false) =
+proc genArgNoParam(p: BProc, n: PNode; result: var Rope; needsTmp = false) =
   var a: TLoc
   if n.kind == nkStringToCString:
     genArgStringToCString(p, n, result, needsTmp)
@@ -444,6 +387,35 @@ proc skipTrivialIndirections(n: PNode): PNode =
       result = result[1]
     else: break
 
+proc getPotentialWrites(n: PNode; mutate: bool; result: var seq[PNode]) =
+  case n.kind:
+  of nkLiterals, nkIdent, nkFormalParams: discard
+  of nkSym:
+    if mutate: result.add n
+  of nkAsgn, nkFastAsgn, nkSinkAsgn:
+    getPotentialWrites(n[0], true, result)
+    getPotentialWrites(n[1], mutate, result)
+  of nkAddr, nkHiddenAddr:
+    getPotentialWrites(n[0], true, result)
+  of nkBracketExpr, nkDotExpr, nkCheckedFieldExpr:
+    getPotentialWrites(n[0], mutate, result)
+  of nkCallKinds:
+    case n.getMagic:
+    of mIncl, mExcl, mInc, mDec, mAppendStrCh, mAppendStrStr, mAppendSeqElem,
+        mAddr, mNew, mNewFinalize, mWasMoved, mDestroy:
+      getPotentialWrites(n[1], true, result)
+      for i in 2..<n.len:
+        getPotentialWrites(n[i], mutate, result)
+    of mSwap:
+      for i in 1..<n.len:
+        getPotentialWrites(n[i], true, result)
+    else:
+      for i in 1..<n.len:
+        getPotentialWrites(n[i], mutate, result)
+  else:
+    for s in n:
+      getPotentialWrites(s, mutate, result)
+
 proc getPotentialReads(n: PNode; result: var seq[PNode]) =
   case n.kind:
   of nkLiterals, nkIdent, nkFormalParams: discard
@@ -452,7 +424,7 @@ proc getPotentialReads(n: PNode; result: var seq[PNode]) =
     for s in n:
       getPotentialReads(s, result)
 
-proc genParams(p: BProc, ri: PNode, typ: PType; result: var Builder, argBuilder: var CallBuilder) =
+proc genParams(p: BProc, ri: PNode, typ: PType; result: var Rope) =
   # We must generate temporaries in cases like #14396
   # to keep the strict Left-To-Right evaluation
   var needTmp = newSeq[bool](ri.len - 1)
@@ -474,22 +446,21 @@ proc genParams(p: BProc, ri: PNode, typ: PType; result: var Builder, argBuilder:
         # Optimization: don't use a temp, if we would only take the address anyway
         needTmp[i - 1] = false
 
+  var oldLen = result.len
   for i in 1..<ri.len:
     if i < typ.n.len:
       assert(typ.n[i].kind == nkSym)
       let paramType = typ.n[i]
       if not paramType.typ.isCompileTimeOnly:
-        var arg = newBuilder("")
-        genArg(p, ri[i], paramType.sym, ri, arg, needTmp[i-1])
-        if arg.buf.len != 0:
-          result.addArgument(argBuilder):
-            result.add(extract(arg))
+        if oldLen != result.len:
+          result.add(", ")
+          oldLen = result.len
+        genArg(p, ri[i], paramType.sym, ri, result, needTmp[i-1])
     else:
-      var arg = newBuilder("")
-      genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], arg, needTmp[i-1])
-      if arg.buf.len != 0:
-        result.addArgument(argBuilder):
-          result.add(extract(arg))
+      if oldLen != result.len:
+        result.add(", ")
+        oldLen = result.len
+      genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], result, needTmp[i-1])
 
 proc addActualSuffixForHCR(res: var Rope, module: PSym, sym: PSym) =
   if sym.flags * {sfImportc, sfNonReloadable} == {} and sym.loc.k == locProc and
@@ -503,39 +474,21 @@ proc genPrefixCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
   var typ = skipTypes(ri[0].typ, abstractInstOwned)
   assert(typ.kind == tyProc)
 
+  var params = newRopeAppender()
+  genParams(p, ri, typ, params)
+
   var callee = rdLoc(op)
   if p.hcrOn and ri[0].kind == nkSym:
     callee.addActualSuffixForHCR(p.module.module, ri[0].sym)
-
-  var res = newBuilder("")
-  var call = initCallBuilder(res, callee)
-  genParams(p, ri, typ, res, call)
-  fixupCall(p, le, ri, d, res, call)
+  fixupCall(p, le, ri, d, callee, params)
 
 proc genClosureCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
 
-  template callProc(rp, params, pTyp: Snippet): Snippet =
-    let e = dotField(rp, "ClE_0")
-    let p = dotField(rp, "ClP_0")
-    let eCall =
-      # note `params` here is actually multiple params
-      if params.len == 0:
-        cCall(p, e)
-      else:
-        cCall(p, params, e)
-    cIfExpr(e,
-      eCall,
-      cCall(cCast(pTyp, p), params))
+  proc addComma(r: Rope): Rope =
+    if r.len == 0: r else: r & ", "
 
-  template callIter(rp, params: Snippet): Snippet =
-    # we know the env exists
-    let e = dotField(rp, "ClE_0")
-    let p = dotField(rp, "ClP_0")
-    # note `params` here is actually multiple params
-    if params.len == 0:
-      cCall(p, e)
-    else:
-      cCall(p, params, e)
+  const PatProc = "$1.ClE_0? $1.ClP_0($3$1.ClE_0):(($4)($1.ClP_0))($2)"
+  const PatIter = "$1.ClP_0($3$1.ClE_0)" # we know the env exists
 
   var op = initLocExpr(p, ri[0])
 
@@ -543,23 +496,20 @@ proc genClosureCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
   var typ = skipTypes(ri[0].typ, abstractInstOwned)
   assert(typ.kind == tyProc)
 
-  var params = newBuilder("")
-  var argBuilder = default(CallBuilder) # not initCallBuilder, we just want the params
-  genParams(p, ri, typ, params, argBuilder)
+  var pl = newRopeAppender()
+  genParams(p, ri, typ, pl)
 
   template genCallPattern {.dirty.} =
-    let rp = rdLoc(op)
-    let pars = extract(params)
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-      if tfIterator in typ.flags:
-        p.s(cpsStmts).add(callIter(rp, pars))
-      else:
-        p.s(cpsStmts).add(callProc(rp, pars, rawProc))
+    if tfIterator in typ.flags:
+      lineF(p, cpsStmts, PatIter & ";$n", [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc])
+    else:
+      lineF(p, cpsStmts, PatProc & ";$n", [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc])
 
   let rawProc = getClosureType(p.module, typ, clHalf)
   let canRaise = p.config.exc == excGoto and canRaiseDisp(p, ri[0])
   if typ.returnType != nil:
     if isInvalidReturnType(p.config, typ):
+      if ri.len > 1: pl.add(", ")
       # beware of 'result = p(result)'. We may need to allocate a temporary:
       if d.k in {locTemp, locNone} or not preventNrvo(p, d.lode, le, ri):
         # Great, we can use 'd':
@@ -568,14 +518,12 @@ proc genClosureCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
         elif d.k notin {locTemp} and not hasNoInit(ri):
           # reset before pass as 'result' var:
           discard "resetLoc(p, d)"
-        params.addArgument(argBuilder):
-          params.add(addrLoc(p.config, d))
+        pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, d))
         genCallPattern()
         if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
       else:
         var tmp: TLoc = getTemp(p, typ.returnType, needsInit=true)
-        params.addArgument(argBuilder):
-          params.add(addrLoc(p.config, tmp))
+        pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, tmp))
         genCallPattern()
         if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
         genAssignment(p, d, tmp, {}) # no need for deep copying
@@ -583,24 +531,20 @@ proc genClosureCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
       if d.k == locNone: d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
       assert(d.t != nil)        # generate an assignment to d:
       var list: TLoc = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-      let rp = rdLoc(op)
-      let pars = extract(params)
       if tfIterator in typ.flags:
-        list.snippet = callIter(rp, pars)
+        list.snippet = PatIter % [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc]
       else:
-        list.snippet = callProc(rp, pars, rawProc)
+        list.snippet = PatProc % [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc]
       genAssignment(p, d, list, {}) # no need for deep copying
       if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
     else:
       var tmp: TLoc = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
       assert(d.t != nil)        # generate an assignment to d:
       var list: TLoc = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-      let rp = rdLoc(op)
-      let pars = extract(params)
       if tfIterator in typ.flags:
-        list.snippet = callIter(rp, pars)
+        list.snippet = PatIter % [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc]
       else:
-        list.snippet = callProc(rp, pars, rawProc)
+        list.snippet = PatProc % [rdLoc(op), pl, pl.addComma, rawProc]
       genAssignment(p, tmp, list, {})
       if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
       genAssignment(p, d, tmp, {})
@@ -608,8 +552,8 @@ proc genClosureCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
     genCallPattern()
     if canRaise: raiseExit(p)
 
-proc genOtherArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Builder;
-                 argBuilder: var CallBuilder) =
+proc genOtherArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Rope;
+                 argsCounter: var int) =
   if i < typ.n.len:
     # 'var T' is 'T&' in C++. This means we ignore the request of
     # any nkHiddenAddr when it's a 'var T'.
@@ -618,17 +562,20 @@ proc genOtherArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Builder;
     if paramType.typ.isCompileTimeOnly:
       discard
     elif paramType.typ.kind in {tyVar} and ri[i].kind == nkHiddenAddr:
-      result.addArgument(argBuilder):
-        genArgNoParam(p, ri[i][0], result)
+      if argsCounter > 0: result.add ", "
+      genArgNoParam(p, ri[i][0], result)
+      inc argsCounter
     else:
-      result.addArgument(argBuilder):
-        genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], result) #, typ.n[i].sym)
+      if argsCounter > 0: result.add ", "
+      genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], result) #, typ.n[i].sym)
+      inc argsCounter
   else:
     if tfVarargs notin typ.flags:
       localError(p.config, ri.info, "wrong argument count")
     else:
-      result.addArgument(argBuilder):
-        genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], result)
+      if argsCounter > 0: result.add ", "
+      genArgNoParam(p, ri[i], result)
+      inc argsCounter
 
 discard """
 Dot call syntax in C++
@@ -685,7 +632,7 @@ proc skipAddrDeref(node: PNode): PNode =
   else:
     result = node
 
-proc genThisArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Builder) =
+proc genThisArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Rope) =
   # for better or worse c2nim translates the 'this' argument to a 'var T'.
   # However manual wrappers may also use 'ptr T'. In any case we support both
   # for convenience.
@@ -720,15 +667,15 @@ proc genThisArg(p: BProc; ri: PNode; i: int; typ: PType; result: var Builder) =
     genArgNoParam(p, ri, result) #, typ.n[i].sym)
     result.add(".")
 
-proc genPatternCall(p: BProc; ri: PNode; pat: string; typ: PType; result: var Builder) =
+proc genPatternCall(p: BProc; ri: PNode; pat: string; typ: PType; result: var Rope) =
   var i = 0
   var j = 1
   while i < pat.len:
     case pat[i]
     of '@':
-      var callBuilder = default(CallBuilder) # not init call builder
+      var argsCounter = 0
       for k in j..<ri.len:
-        genOtherArg(p, ri, k, typ, result, callBuilder)
+        genOtherArg(p, ri, k, typ, result, argsCounter)
       inc i
     of '#':
       if i+1 < pat.len and pat[i+1] in {'+', '@'}:
@@ -738,11 +685,11 @@ proc genPatternCall(p: BProc; ri: PNode; pat: string; typ: PType; result: var Bu
           if pat[i+1] == '+': genArgNoParam(p, ri[0], result)
           result.add("(")
           if 1 < ri.len:
-            var callBuilder: CallBuilder = default(CallBuilder)
-            genOtherArg(p, ri, 1, typ, result, callBuilder)
+            var argsCounterB = 0
+            genOtherArg(p, ri, 1, typ, result, argsCounterB)
           for k in j+1..<ri.len:
-            var callBuilder: CallBuilder = default(CallBuilder)
-            genOtherArg(p, ri, k, typ, result, callBuilder)
+            var argsCounterB = 0
+            genOtherArg(p, ri, k, typ, result, argsCounterB)
           result.add(")")
         else:
           localError(p.config, ri.info, "call expression expected for C++ pattern")
@@ -756,15 +703,15 @@ proc genPatternCall(p: BProc; ri: PNode; pat: string; typ: PType; result: var Bu
         genArgNoParam(p, arg, result)
         #result.add debugTree(arg, 0, 10)
       else:
-        var callBuilder = default(CallBuilder) # not init call builder
-        genOtherArg(p, ri, j, typ, result, callBuilder)
+        var argsCounter = 0
+        genOtherArg(p, ri, j, typ, result, argsCounter)
       inc j
       inc i
     of '\'':
       var idx, stars: int = 0
       if scanCppGenericSlot(pat, i, idx, stars):
         var t = resolveStarsInCppType(typ, idx, stars)
-        if t == nil: result.add(CVoid)
+        if t == nil: result.add("void")
         else: result.add(getTypeDesc(p.module, t))
     else:
       let start = i
@@ -783,7 +730,7 @@ proc genInfixCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
   let pat = $ri[0].sym.loc.snippet
   internalAssert p.config, pat.len > 0
   if pat.contains({'#', '(', '@', '\''}):
-    var pl = newBuilder("")
+    var pl = newRopeAppender()
     genPatternCall(p, ri, pat, typ, pl)
     # simpler version of 'fixupCall' that works with the pl+params combination:
     var typ = skipTypes(ri[0].typ, abstractInst)
@@ -793,32 +740,32 @@ proc genInfixCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
         # with them to prevent undefined behaviour and because the codegen
         # is free to emit expressions multiple times!
         d.k = locCall
-        d.snippet = extract(pl)
+        d.snippet = pl
         excl d.flags, lfSingleUse
       else:
         if d.k == locNone: d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
         assert(d.t != nil)        # generate an assignment to d:
         var list: TLoc = initLoc(locCall, d.lode, OnUnknown)
-        list.snippet = extract(pl)
+        list.snippet = pl
         genAssignment(p, d, list, {}) # no need for deep copying
     else:
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-        p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(pl))
+      pl.add(";\n")
+      line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
   else:
-    var pl = newBuilder("")
+    var pl = newRopeAppender()
+    var argsCounter = 0
     if 1 < ri.len:
       genThisArg(p, ri, 1, typ, pl)
     pl.add(op.snippet)
-    var res = newBuilder("")
-    var call = initCallBuilder(res, extract(pl))
+    var params = newRopeAppender()
     for i in 2..<ri.len:
-      genOtherArg(p, ri, i, typ, res, call)
-    fixupCall(p, le, ri, d, res, call)
+      genOtherArg(p, ri, i, typ, params, argsCounter)
+    fixupCall(p, le, ri, d, pl, params)
 
 proc genNamedParamCall(p: BProc, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
   # generates a crappy ObjC call
   var op = initLocExpr(p, ri[0])
-  var pl = newBuilder("[")
+  var pl = "["
   # getUniqueType() is too expensive here:
   var typ = skipTypes(ri[0].typ, abstractInst)
   assert(typ.kind == tyProc)
@@ -860,27 +807,24 @@ proc genNamedParamCall(p: BProc, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
         if d.k == locNone: d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType, needsInit=true)
         pl.add("Result: ")
         pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, d))
-        pl.add("]")
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-          p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(pl))
+        pl.add("];\n")
+        line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
       else:
         var tmp: TLoc = getTemp(p, typ.returnType, needsInit=true)
         pl.add(addrLoc(p.config, tmp))
-        pl.add("]")
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-          p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(pl))
+        pl.add("];\n")
+        line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
         genAssignment(p, d, tmp, {}) # no need for deep copying
     else:
       pl.add("]")
       if d.k == locNone: d = getTemp(p, typ.returnType)
       assert(d.t != nil)        # generate an assignment to d:
       var list: TLoc = initLoc(locCall, ri, OnUnknown)
-      list.snippet = extract(pl)
+      list.snippet = pl
       genAssignment(p, d, list, {}) # no need for deep copying
   else:
-    pl.add("]")
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addStmt():
-      p.s(cpsStmts).add(extract(pl))
+    pl.add("];\n")
+    line(p, cpsStmts, pl)
 
 proc notYetAlive(n: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
   let r = getRoot(n)
@@ -909,16 +853,6 @@ proc isInactiveDestructorCall(p: BProc, e: PNode): bool =
 proc genAsgnCall(p: BProc, le, ri: PNode, d: var TLoc) =
   if p.withinBlockLeaveActions > 0 and isInactiveDestructorCall(p, ri):
     return
-  when defined(icDbgHash):
-    if ri[0].typ == nil:
-      echo "NILCALLEE kind=", ri[0].kind,
-        " sym=", (if ri[0].kind == nkSym: ri[0].sym.name.s else: "-"),
-        " symKind=", (if ri[0].kind == nkSym: $ri[0].sym.kind else: "-"),
-        " flags=", (if ri[0].kind == nkSym: $ri[0].sym.flags else: "-"),
-        " lazy=", nfLazyType in ri[0].flags,
-        " inProc=", (if p.prc != nil: p.prc.name.s else: "NIL"),
-        " module=", p.module.module.name.s
-      raiseAssert "nil callee type, see NILCALLEE above"
   if ri[0].typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink, tyOwned}).callConv == ccClosure:
     genClosureCall(p, le, ri, d)
   elif ri[0].kind == nkSym and sfInfixCall in ri[0].sym.flags:

compiler/ccgliterals.nim

@@ -16,17 +16,16 @@
 ## implementation.
 
 template detectVersion(field, corename) =
-  if m.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc, gcHooks}:
-    result = 2
-  else:
-    result = 1
+  if m.g.field == 0:
+    let core = getCompilerProc(m.g.graph, corename)
+    if core == nil or core.kind != skConst:
+      m.g.field = 1
+    else:
+      m.g.field = toInt(ast.getInt(core.astdef))
+  result = m.g.field
 
 proc detectStrVersion(m: BModule): int =
-  if m.g.config.usesSso() and
-      m.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc, gcHooks}:
-    result = 3
-  else:
-    detectVersion(strVersion, "nimStrVersion")
+  detectVersion(strVersion, "nimStrVersion")
 
 proc detectSeqVersion(m: BModule): int =
   detectVersion(seqVersion, "nimSeqVersion")
@@ -37,84 +36,52 @@ proc genStringLiteralDataOnlyV1(m: BModule, s: string; result: var Rope) =
   cgsym(m, "TGenericSeq")
   let tmp = getTempName(m)
   result.add tmp
-  var res = newBuilder("")
-  res.addVarWithTypeAndInitializer(AlwaysConst, name = tmp):
-    res.addSimpleStruct(m, name = "", baseType = ""):
-      res.addField(name = "Sup", typ = "TGenericSeq")
-      res.addArrayField(name = "data", elementType = NimChar, len = s.len + 1)
-  do:
-    var strInit: StructInitializer
-    res.addStructInitializer(strInit, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-      res.addField(strInit, name = "Sup"):
-        var seqInit: StructInitializer
-        res.addStructInitializer(seqInit, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-          res.addField(seqInit, name = "len"):
-            res.addIntValue(s.len)
-          res.addField(seqInit, name = "reserved"):
-            res.add(cCast(NimInt, cOp(BitOr, NimUint, cCast(NimUint, cIntValue(s.len)), NimStrlitFlag)))
-      res.addField(strInit, name = "data"):
-        res.add(makeCString(s))
-  m.s[cfsStrData].add(extract(res))
+  m.s[cfsStrData].addf("STRING_LITERAL($1, $2, $3);$n",
+       [tmp, makeCString(s), rope(s.len)])
 
-proc genStringLiteralV1(m: BModule; n: PNode; result: var Builder) =
+proc genStringLiteralV1(m: BModule; n: PNode; result: var Rope) =
   if s.isNil:
-    result.add(cCast(ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "NimStringDesc")), NimNil))
+    appcg(m, result, "((#NimStringDesc*) NIM_NIL)", [])
   else:
     let id = nodeTableTestOrSet(m.dataCache, n, m.labels)
-    var name: string = ""
     if id == m.labels:
       # string literal not found in the cache:
-      genStringLiteralDataOnlyV1(m, n.strVal, name)
+      appcg(m, result, "((#NimStringDesc*) &", [])
+      genStringLiteralDataOnlyV1(m, n.strVal, result)
+      result.add ")"
     else:
-      name = m.tmpBase & $id
-    result.add(cCast(ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "NimStringDesc")), cAddr(name)))
+      appcg(m, result, "((#NimStringDesc*) &$1$2)",
+                      [m.tmpBase, id])
 
 # ------ Version 2: destructor based strings and seqs -----------------------
 
 proc genStringLiteralDataOnlyV2(m: BModule, s: string; result: Rope; isConst: bool) =
-  var res = newBuilder("")
-  res.addVarWithTypeAndInitializer(
-      if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-      name = result):
-    res.addSimpleStruct(m, name = "", baseType = ""):
-      res.addField(name = "cap", typ = NimInt)
-      res.addArrayField(name = "data", elementType = NimChar, len = s.len + 1)
-  do:
-    var structInit: StructInitializer
-    res.addStructInitializer(structInit, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-      res.addField(structInit, name = "cap"):
-        res.add(cOp(BitOr, NimInt, cIntValue(s.len), NimStrlitFlag))
-      res.addField(structInit, name = "data"):
-        res.add(makeCString(s))
-  m.s[cfsStrData].add(extract(res))
+  m.s[cfsStrData].addf("static $4 struct {$n" &
+       "  NI cap; NIM_CHAR data[$2+1];$n" &
+       "} $1 = { $2 | NIM_STRLIT_FLAG, $3 };$n",
+       [result, rope(s.len), makeCString(s),
+       rope(if isConst: "const" else: "")])
 
-proc genStringLiteralV2(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Builder) =
+proc genStringLiteralV2(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Rope) =
   let id = nodeTableTestOrSet(m.dataCache, n, m.labels)
-  var litName: string
   if id == m.labels:
+    let pureLit = getTempName(m)
+    genStringLiteralDataOnlyV2(m, n.strVal, pureLit, isConst)
+    let tmp = getTempName(m)
+    result.add tmp
     cgsym(m, "NimStrPayload")
     cgsym(m, "NimStringV2")
     # string literal not found in the cache:
-    litName = getTempName(m)
-    genStringLiteralDataOnlyV2(m, n.strVal, litName, isConst)
+    m.s[cfsStrData].addf("static $4 NimStringV2 $1 = {$2, (NimStrPayload*)&$3};$n",
+          [tmp, rope(n.strVal.len), pureLit, rope(if isConst: "const" else: "")])
   else:
-    litName = m.tmpBase & $id
-  let tmp = getTempName(m)
-  result.add tmp
-  var res = newBuilder("")
-  res.addVarWithInitializer(
-      if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-      name = tmp,
-      typ = "NimStringV2"):
-    var strInit: StructInitializer
-    res.addStructInitializer(strInit, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-      res.addField(strInit, name = "len"):
-        res.addIntValue(n.strVal.len)
-      res.addField(strInit, name = "p"):
-        res.add(cCast(ptrType("NimStrPayload"), cAddr(litName)))
-  m.s[cfsStrData].add(extract(res))
+    let tmp = getTempName(m)
+    result.add tmp
+    m.s[cfsStrData].addf("static $4 NimStringV2 $1 = {$2, (NimStrPayload*)&$3};$n",
+          [tmp, rope(n.strVal.len), m.tmpBase & rope(id),
+          rope(if isConst: "const" else: "")])
 
-proc genStringLiteralV2Const(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Builder) =
+proc genStringLiteralV2Const(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Rope) =
   let id = nodeTableTestOrSet(m.dataCache, n, m.labels)
   var pureLit: Rope
   if id == m.labels:
@@ -125,198 +92,7 @@ proc genStringLiteralV2Const(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Bu
     genStringLiteralDataOnlyV2(m, n.strVal, pureLit, isConst)
   else:
     pureLit = m.tmpBase & rope(id)
-  var strInit: StructInitializer
-  result.addStructInitializer(strInit, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-    result.addField(strInit, name = "len"):
-      result.addIntValue(n.strVal.len)
-    result.addField(strInit, name = "p"):
-      result.add(cCast(ptrType("NimStrPayload"), cAddr(pureLit)))
-
-proc ssoCharLit(ch: char): string =
-  ## Return a C char literal for ch, with proper escaping.
-  const hexDigits = "0123456789abcdef"
-  result = "'"
-  case ch
-  of '\'': result.add("\\'")
-  of '\\': result.add("\\\\")
-  of '\0': result.add("\\0")
-  of '\n': result.add("\\n")
-  of '\r': result.add("\\r")
-  of '\t': result.add("\\t")
-  elif ch.ord < 32 or ch.ord == 127:
-    result.add("\\x")
-    result.add(hexDigits[ch.ord shr 4])
-    result.add(hexDigits[ch.ord and 0xf])
-  else:
-    result.add(ch)
-  result.add('\'')
-
-proc ssoBytesLit(m: BModule; s: string; slen: int): string =
-  ## Compute the `bytes` field value for the new SmallString layout.
-  ## byte 0 = slen, bytes 1-7 = inline chars 0-6 (zero-padded).
-  ## On LE: slen in bits 0-7, char[i] in bits (i+1)*8..(i+1)*8+7.
-  ## On BE: slen in bits 56-63, char[i] in bits (6-i)*8..(6-i)*8+7.
-  const AlwaysAvail = 7
-  var val: uint64
-  if CPU[m.g.config.target.targetCPU].endian == littleEndian:
-    val = uint64(slen)
-    for i in 0..<min(s.len, AlwaysAvail):
-      val = val or (uint64(s[i]) shl (uint(i + 1) * 8))
-  else:
-    val = uint64(slen) shl 56
-    for i in 0..<min(s.len, AlwaysAvail):
-      val = val or (uint64(s[i]) shl (uint(AlwaysAvail - 1 - i) * 8))
-  # Cast to NU (C name for Nim's uint, = NU64 on 64-bit). NU64 = uint64_t.
-  result = cCast("NU", $val & "ULL")
-
-proc ssoMoreLit(m: BModule; s: string): string =
-  ## For medium string literals (AlwaysAvail < len <= PayloadSize), encode
-  ## chars[AlwaysAvail..ptrSize-1] in the 'more' pointer field bit-pattern.
-  ## The last pointer byte is always '\0' (null terminator), guaranteed by
-  ## PayloadSize = AlwaysAvail + ptrSize - 1.  slen <= PayloadSize guards
-  ## prevent any code from dereferencing this as an actual pointer.
-  const AlwaysAvail = 7
-  let ptrSize = m.g.config.target.ptrSize
-  var val: uint64 = 0
-  for i in 0..<ptrSize:
-    let ch: uint64 = if AlwaysAvail + i < s.len: uint64(s[AlwaysAvail + i]) else: 0
-    if CPU[m.g.config.target.targetCPU].endian == littleEndian:
-      val = val or (ch shl (uint(i) * 8))
-    else:
-      val = val or (ch shl (uint(ptrSize - 1 - i) * 8))
-  result = cCast(ptrType("LongString"), "(uintptr_t)" & $val)
-
-proc genStringLiteralV3Const(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Builder) =
-  # Inline SmallString struct initializer for use inside const aggregate types.
-  # Layout: {bytes: NimUint, more: ptr LongString}
-  # bytes = slen (low byte) | char[0]<<8 | char[1]<<16 | ... | char[6]<<56
-  const AlwaysAvail = 7
-  let s = n.strVal
-
-  cgsym(m, "SmallString")
-  cgsym(m, "LongString")
-
-  let payloadSize = AlwaysAvail + m.g.config.target.ptrSize - 1
-  var si: StructInitializer
-  result.addStructInitializer(si, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-    if s.len <= AlwaysAvail:
-      result.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-        result.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, s.len))
-      result.addField(si, name = "more"):
-        result.add(NimNil)
-    elif s.len <= payloadSize:
-      # Medium string: bytes holds slen + chars 0-6; more holds chars 7..PayloadSize-1.
-      result.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-        result.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, s.len))
-      result.addField(si, name = "more"):
-        result.add(ssoMoreLit(m, s))
-    else:
-      # Emit the LongString block into cfsStrData and reference it inline.
-      let dataName = getTempName(m)
-      var res = newBuilder("")
-      res.addVarWithTypeAndInitializer(
-          if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-          name = dataName):
-        res.addSimpleStruct(m, name = "", baseType = ""):
-          res.addField(name = "rc", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addField(name = "fullLen", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addField(name = "capImpl", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addArrayField(name = "data", elementType = NimChar, len = s.len + 1)
-      do:
-        var di: StructInitializer
-        res.addStructInitializer(di, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-          res.addField(di, name = "fullLen"):
-            res.addIntValue(s.len)
-          res.addField(di, name = "rc"):
-            res.addIntValue(1)
-          res.addField(di, name = "capImpl"):
-            res.addIntValue(0)  # static, never freed
-          res.addField(di, name = "data"):
-            res.add(makeCString(s))
-      m.s[cfsStrData].add(extract(res))
-      # slen = StaticSlen (254): marks this as a static (never-freed) long string.
-      result.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-        result.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, 254))
-      result.addField(si, name = "more"):
-        result.add(cCast(ptrType("LongString"), cAddr(dataName)))
-
-# ------ Version 3: SmallString (SSO) strings --------------------------------
-
-proc genStringLiteralV3(m: BModule; n: PNode; isConst: bool; result: var Builder) =
-  # SmallString literal. Always generate a fresh SmallString variable (like v2
-  # always generates a fresh outer NimStringV2). For long strings, cache the
-  # LongString payload to avoid duplicates within a module.
-  const AlwaysAvail = 7  # must match strs_v3.nim
-  let s = n.strVal
-  let tmp = getTempName(m)
-  result.add tmp
-
-  cgsym(m, "SmallString")
-  cgsym(m, "LongString")
-
-  let payloadSize = AlwaysAvail + m.g.config.target.ptrSize - 1
-  var res = newBuilder("")
-  if s.len <= AlwaysAvail:
-    # Short: bytes holds slen + all chars (zero-padded), more = NULL.
-    res.addVarWithInitializer(
-        if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-        name = tmp, typ = "SmallString"):
-      var si: StructInitializer
-      res.addStructInitializer(si, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-        res.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-          res.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, s.len))
-        res.addField(si, name = "more"):
-          res.add(NimNil)
-  elif s.len <= payloadSize:
-    # Medium: bytes holds slen + chars 0-6; more holds chars 7..PayloadSize-1 as raw bits.
-    res.addVarWithInitializer(
-        if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-        name = tmp, typ = "SmallString"):
-      var si: StructInitializer
-      res.addStructInitializer(si, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-        res.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-          res.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, s.len))
-        res.addField(si, name = "more"):
-          res.add(ssoMoreLit(m, s))
-  else:
-    # Long: cache the LongString block to emit it only once per module per string.
-    # Always generate a fresh SmallString pointing at the (possibly cached) block.
-    let id = nodeTableTestOrSet(m.dataCache, n, m.labels)
-    var dataName: string
-    if id == m.labels:
-      dataName = getTempName(m)
-      res.addVarWithTypeAndInitializer(
-          if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-          name = dataName):
-        res.addSimpleStruct(m, name = "", baseType = ""):
-          res.addField(name = "rc", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addField(name = "fullLen", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addField(name = "capImpl", typ = NimInt)
-          res.addArrayField(name = "data", elementType = NimChar, len = s.len + 1)
-      do:
-        var di: StructInitializer
-        res.addStructInitializer(di, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-          res.addField(di, name = "fullLen"):
-            res.addIntValue(s.len)
-          res.addField(di, name = "rc"):
-            res.addIntValue(1)
-          res.addField(di, name = "capImpl"):
-            res.addIntValue(0)  # bit 0 = 0: static, never freed
-          res.addField(di, name = "data"):
-            res.add(makeCString(s))
-    else:
-      dataName = m.tmpBase & $id
-    # slen = StaticSlen (254): marks this as a static (never-freed) long string.
-    res.addVarWithInitializer(
-        if isConst: AlwaysConst else: Global,
-        name = tmp, typ = "SmallString"):
-      var si: StructInitializer
-      res.addStructInitializer(si, kind = siOrderedStruct):
-        res.addField(si, name = "bytes"):
-          res.add(ssoBytesLit(m, s, 254))
-        res.addField(si, name = "more"):
-          res.add(cCast(ptrType("LongString"), cAddr(dataName)))
-  m.s[cfsStrData].add(extract(res))
+  result.addf "{$1, (NimStrPayload*)&$2}", [rope(n.strVal.len), pureLit]
 
 # ------ Version selector ---------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -328,18 +104,15 @@ proc genStringLiteralDataOnly(m: BModule; s: string; info: TLineInfo;
     let tmp = getTempName(m)
     genStringLiteralDataOnlyV2(m, s, tmp, isConst)
     result.add tmp
-  of 3:
-    localError(m.config, info, "genStringLiteralDataOnly not supported for SmallString (nimsso)")
   else:
     localError(m.config, info, "cannot determine how to produce code for string literal")
 
-proc genNilStringLiteral(m: BModule; info: TLineInfo; result: var Builder) =
-  result.add(cCast(ptrType(cgsymValue(m, "NimStringDesc")), NimNil))
+proc genNilStringLiteral(m: BModule; info: TLineInfo; result: var Rope) =
+  appcg(m, result, "((#NimStringDesc*) NIM_NIL)", [])
 
-proc genStringLiteral(m: BModule; n: PNode; result: var Builder) =
+proc genStringLiteral(m: BModule; n: PNode; result: var Rope) =
   case detectStrVersion(m)
   of 0, 1: genStringLiteralV1(m, n, result)
   of 2: genStringLiteralV2(m, n, isConst = true, result)
-  of 3: genStringLiteralV3(m, n, isConst = true, result)
   else:
     localError(m.config, n.info, "cannot determine how to produce code for string literal")

compiler/ccgreset.nim

@@ -27,28 +27,25 @@ proc specializeResetN(p: BProc, accessor: Rope, n: PNode;
     if disc.loc.snippet == "": fillObjectFields(p.module, typ)
     if disc.loc.t == nil:
       internalError(p.config, n.info, "specializeResetN()")
-    let discField = dotField(accessor, disc.loc.snippet)
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addSwitchStmt(discField):
-      for i in 1..<n.len:
-        let branch = n[i]
-        assert branch.kind in {nkOfBranch, nkElse}
-        var caseBuilder: SwitchCaseBuilder
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addSwitchCase(caseBuilder):
-          if branch.kind == nkOfBranch:
-            genCaseRange(p, branch, caseBuilder)
-          else:
-            p.s(cpsStmts).addCaseElse(caseBuilder)
-        do:
-          specializeResetN(p, accessor, lastSon(branch), typ)
-          p.s(cpsStmts).addBreak()
-    specializeResetT(p, discField, disc.loc.t)
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "switch ($1.$2) {$n", [accessor, disc.loc.snippet])
+    for i in 1..<n.len:
+      let branch = n[i]
+      assert branch.kind in {nkOfBranch, nkElse}
+      if branch.kind == nkOfBranch:
+        genCaseRange(p, branch)
+      else:
+        lineF(p, cpsStmts, "default:$n", [])
+      specializeResetN(p, accessor, lastSon(branch), typ)
+      lineF(p, cpsStmts, "break;$n", [])
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "} $n", [])
+    specializeResetT(p, "$1.$2" % [accessor, disc.loc.snippet], disc.loc.t)
   of nkSym:
     let field = n.sym
     if field.typ.kind == tyVoid: return
     if field.loc.snippet == "": fillObjectFields(p.module, typ)
     if field.loc.t == nil:
       internalError(p.config, n.info, "specializeResetN()")
-    specializeResetT(p, dotField(accessor, field.loc.snippet), field.loc.t)
+    specializeResetT(p, "$1.$2" % [accessor, field.loc.snippet], field.loc.t)
   else: internalError(p.config, n.info, "specializeResetN()")
 
 proc specializeResetT(p: BProc, accessor: Rope, typ: PType) =
@@ -61,51 +58,40 @@ proc specializeResetT(p: BProc, accessor: Rope, typ: PType) =
   of tyArray:
     let arraySize = lengthOrd(p.config, typ.indexType)
     var i: TLoc = getTemp(p, getSysType(p.module.g.graph, unknownLineInfo, tyInt))
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addForRangeExclusive(i.snippet, cIntValue(0), cIntValue(arraySize)):
-      specializeResetT(p, subscript(accessor, i.snippet), typ.elementType)
+    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "for ($1 = 0; $1 < $2; $1++) {$n",
+            [i.snippet, arraySize])
+    specializeResetT(p, ropecg(p.module, "$1[$2]", [accessor, i.snippet]), typ.elementType)
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "}$n", [])
   of tyObject:
     var x = typ.baseClass
     if x != nil: x = x.skipTypes(skipPtrs)
     specializeResetT(p, accessor.parentObj(p.module), x)
-    if typ.n != nil:
-      if typ.sym != nil and sfImportc in typ.sym.flags:
-        # imported C struct, nimZeroMem
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimZeroMem"),
-          cCast(ptrType(CPointer), cAddr(accessor)),
-          cSizeof(getTypeDesc(p.module, typ)))
-      else:
-        specializeResetN(p, accessor, typ.n, typ)
+    if typ.n != nil: specializeResetN(p, accessor, typ.n, typ)
   of tyTuple:
     let typ = getUniqueType(typ)
     for i, a in typ.ikids:
-      specializeResetT(p, dotField(accessor, "Field" & $i), a)
+      specializeResetT(p, ropecg(p.module, "$1.Field$2", [accessor, i]), a)
 
   of tyString, tyRef, tySequence:
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "unsureAsgnRef"),
-      cCast(ptrType(CPointer), cAddr(accessor)),
-      NimNil)
+    lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "#unsureAsgnRef((void**)&$1, NIM_NIL);$n", [accessor])
 
   of tyProc:
     if typ.callConv == ccClosure:
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "unsureAsgnRef"),
-        cCast(ptrType(CPointer), cAddr(dotField(accessor, "ClE_0"))),
-        NimNil)
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addFieldAssignment(accessor, "ClP_0", NimNil)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "#unsureAsgnRef((void**)&$1.ClE_0, NIM_NIL);$n", [accessor])
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "$1.ClP_0 = NIM_NIL;$n", [accessor])
     else:
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addAssignment(accessor, NimNil)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = NIM_NIL;$n", [accessor])
   of tyChar, tyBool, tyEnum, tyRange, tyInt..tyUInt64:
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addAssignment(accessor, cIntValue(0))
+    lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = 0;$n", [accessor])
   of tyCstring, tyPointer, tyPtr, tyVar, tyLent:
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addAssignment(accessor, NimNil)
+    lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = NIM_NIL;$n", [accessor])
   of tySet:
     case mapSetType(p.config, typ)
     of ctArray:
-      let t = getTypeDesc(p.module, typ)
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimZeroMem"),
-        accessor,
-        cSizeof(t))
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "#nimZeroMem($1, sizeof($2));$n",
+          [accessor, getTypeDesc(p.module, typ)])
     of ctInt8, ctInt16, ctInt32, ctInt64:
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addAssignment(accessor, cIntValue(0))
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "$1 = 0;$n", [accessor])
     else:
       raiseAssert "unexpected set type kind"
   of tyNone, tyEmpty, tyNil, tyUntyped, tyTyped, tyGenericInvocation,

compiler/ccgthreadvars.nim

@@ -19,12 +19,9 @@ proc accessThreadLocalVar(p: BProc, s: PSym) =
   if emulatedThreadVars(p.config) and threadVarAccessed notin p.flags:
     p.flags.incl threadVarAccessed
     incl p.module.flags, usesThreadVars
-    p.procSec(cpsLocals).addVar(kind = Local,
-      name = "NimTV_",
-      typ = ptrType("NimThreadVars"))
-    p.procSec(cpsInit).addAssignment("NimTV_",
-      cCast(ptrType("NimThreadVars"),
-        cCall(cgsymValue(p.module, "GetThreadLocalVars"))))
+    p.procSec(cpsLocals).addf("\tNimThreadVars* NimTV_;$n", [])
+    p.procSec(cpsInit).add(
+      ropecg(p.module, "\tNimTV_ = (NimThreadVars*) #GetThreadLocalVars();$n", []))
 
 proc declareThreadVar(m: BModule, s: PSym, isExtern: bool) =
   if emulatedThreadVars(m.config):
@@ -33,51 +30,30 @@ proc declareThreadVar(m: BModule, s: PSym, isExtern: bool) =
     # allocator for it :-(
     if not containsOrIncl(m.g.nimtvDeclared, s.id):
       m.g.nimtvDeps.add(s.loc.t)
-      m.g.nimtv.addField(name = s.loc.snippet, typ = getTypeDesc(m, s.loc.t))
+      m.g.nimtv.addf("$1 $2;$n", [getTypeDesc(m, s.loc.t), s.loc.snippet])
   else:
-    let vis =
-      if isExtern: Extern
-      elif lfExportLib in s.loc.flags: ExportLibVar
-      else: Private
-    if m.config.cmd == cmdNifC and vis == Private and not isExtern:
-      # A `{.threadvar.}`/`{.global.}` thread-local declared inside a routine is
-      # emitted by every module that emit-everywhere's its enclosing routine
-      # (e.g. libp2p's `var keys {.global.}: HashSet`), so its content-addressed
-      # name collides at link. Same fix as a plain global (genGlobalVarDecl):
-      # `extern` declaration + a droppable `'d'` definition unit the merge stage
-      # assigns one owner. The thread-local storage class rides on both.
-      let cname = stripCnifMarks(s.loc.snippet)
-      let td = getTypeDesc(m, s.loc.t)
-      # `extern` declaration via the full `addVar` overload — it knows the
-      # thread-local storage class (`NIM_THREADVAR`); the simple `addVar`'s
-      # `addVarHeader` does not implement `Threadvar`.
-      m.s[cfsVars].addVar(m, s, name = s.loc.snippet, typ = td,
-                          kind = Threadvar, visibility = Extern)
-      m.s[cfsVars].add(cnifDefDirective(cname, "d", icNifName(m, s)))
-      m.s[cfsVars].addVar(m, s,
-        name = s.loc.snippet, typ = td, kind = Threadvar, visibility = vis)
-      m.s[cfsVars].add(cnifEndDefs())
-    else:
-      m.s[cfsVars].addVar(m, s,
-        name = s.loc.snippet,
-        typ = getTypeDesc(m, s.loc.t),
-        kind = Threadvar,
-        visibility = vis)
+    if isExtern: m.s[cfsVars].add("extern ")
+    elif lfExportLib in s.loc.flags: m.s[cfsVars].add("N_LIB_EXPORT_VAR ")
+    else: m.s[cfsVars].add("N_LIB_PRIVATE ")
+    if optThreads in m.config.globalOptions:
+      let sym = s.typ.sym
+      if sym != nil and sfCppNonPod in sym.flags:
+        m.s[cfsVars].add("NIM_THREAD_LOCAL ")
+      else: m.s[cfsVars].add("NIM_THREADVAR ")
+    m.s[cfsVars].add(getTypeDesc(m, s.loc.t))
+    m.s[cfsVars].addf(" $1;$n", [s.loc.snippet])
 
 proc generateThreadLocalStorage(m: BModule) =
-  if m.g.nimtv.buf.len != 0 and (usesThreadVars in m.flags or sfMainModule in m.module.flags):
+  if m.g.nimtv != "" and (usesThreadVars in m.flags or sfMainModule in m.module.flags):
     for t in items(m.g.nimtvDeps): discard getTypeDesc(m, t)
     finishTypeDescriptions(m)
-    m.s[cfsSeqTypes].addTypedef(name = "NimThreadVars"):
-      m.s[cfsSeqTypes].addSimpleStruct(m, name = "", baseType = ""):
-        m.s[cfsSeqTypes].add(extract(m.g.nimtv))
+    m.s[cfsSeqTypes].addf("typedef struct {$1} NimThreadVars;$n", [m.g.nimtv])
 
 proc generateThreadVarsSize(m: BModule) =
-  if m.g.nimtv.buf.len != 0:
+  if m.g.nimtv != "":
     let externc = if m.config.backend == backendCpp or
-                       sfCompileToCpp in m.module.flags: ExternC
-                  else: None
-    m.s[cfsProcs].addDeclWithVisibility(externc):
-      m.s[cfsProcs].addProcHeader("NimThreadVarsSize", NimInt, cProcParams())
-      m.s[cfsProcs].finishProcHeaderWithBody():
-        m.s[cfsProcs].addReturn(cCast(NimInt, cSizeof("NimThreadVars")))
+                       sfCompileToCpp in m.module.flags: "extern \"C\" "
+                  else: ""
+    m.s[cfsProcs].addf(
+      "$#NI NimThreadVarsSize(){return (NI)sizeof(NimThreadVars);}$n",
+      [externc.rope])

compiler/ccgtrav.nim

@@ -16,16 +16,13 @@ type
     p: BProc
     visitorFrmt: string
 
+const
+  visitorFrmt = "#nimGCvisit((void*)$1, $2);$n"
 
 proc genTraverseProc(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, typ: PType)
-proc genCaseRange(p: BProc, branch: PNode, info: var SwitchCaseBuilder)
+proc genCaseRange(p: BProc, branch: PNode)
 proc getTemp(p: BProc, t: PType, needsInit=false): TLoc
 
-proc visit(p: BProc, data, visitor: Snippet) =
-  p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimGCvisit"),
-    cCast(CPointer, data),
-    visitor)
-
 proc genTraverseProc(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, n: PNode;
                      typ: PType) =
   if n == nil: return
@@ -40,32 +37,29 @@ proc genTraverseProc(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, n: PNode;
     if disc.loc.snippet == "": fillObjectFields(c.p.module, typ)
     if disc.loc.t == nil:
       internalError(c.p.config, n.info, "genTraverseProc()")
-    let discField = dotField(accessor, disc.loc.snippet)
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addSwitchStmt(discField):
-      for i in 1..<n.len:
-        let branch = n[i]
-        assert branch.kind in {nkOfBranch, nkElse}
-        var caseBuilder: SwitchCaseBuilder
-        p.s(cpsStmts).addSwitchCase(caseBuilder):
-          if branch.kind == nkOfBranch:
-            genCaseRange(c.p, branch, caseBuilder)
-          else:
-            p.s(cpsStmts).addCaseElse(caseBuilder)
-        do:
-          genTraverseProc(c, accessor, lastSon(branch), typ)
-          p.s(cpsStmts).addBreak()
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "switch ($1.$2) {$n", [accessor, disc.loc.snippet])
+    for i in 1..<n.len:
+      let branch = n[i]
+      assert branch.kind in {nkOfBranch, nkElse}
+      if branch.kind == nkOfBranch:
+        genCaseRange(c.p, branch)
+      else:
+        lineF(p, cpsStmts, "default:$n", [])
+      genTraverseProc(c, accessor, lastSon(branch), typ)
+      lineF(p, cpsStmts, "break;$n", [])
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "} $n", [])
   of nkSym:
     let field = n.sym
     if field.typ.kind == tyVoid: return
     if field.loc.snippet == "": fillObjectFields(c.p.module, typ)
     if field.loc.t == nil:
       internalError(c.p.config, n.info, "genTraverseProc()")
-    genTraverseProc(c, dotField(accessor, field.loc.snippet), field.loc.t)
+    genTraverseProc(c, "$1.$2" % [accessor, field.loc.snippet], field.loc.t)
   else: internalError(c.p.config, n.info, "genTraverseProc()")
 
 proc parentObj(accessor: Rope; m: BModule): Rope {.inline.} =
   if not m.compileToCpp:
-    result = dotField(accessor, "Sup")
+    result = "$1.Sup" % [accessor]
   else:
     result = accessor
 
@@ -82,14 +76,16 @@ proc genTraverseProc(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, typ: PType) =
     let arraySize = lengthOrd(c.p.config, typ.indexType)
     var i: TLoc = getTemp(p, getSysType(c.p.module.g.graph, unknownLineInfo, tyInt))
     var oldCode = p.s(cpsStmts)
-    var oldLen, newLen: int
-    p.s(cpsStmts).addForRangeExclusive(i.snippet, cIntValue(0), cIntValue(arraySize)):
-      oldLen = p.s(cpsStmts).buf.len
-      genTraverseProc(c, subscript(accessor, i.snippet), typ.elementType)
-      newLen = p.s(cpsStmts).buf.len
-    if oldLen == newLen:
+    freeze oldCode
+    linefmt(p, cpsStmts, "for ($1 = 0; $1 < $2; $1++) {$n",
+            [i.snippet, arraySize])
+    let oldLen = p.s(cpsStmts).len
+    genTraverseProc(c, ropecg(c.p.module, "$1[$2]", [accessor, i.snippet]), typ.elementType)
+    if p.s(cpsStmts).len == oldLen:
       # do not emit dummy long loops for faster debug builds:
       p.s(cpsStmts) = oldCode
+    else:
+      lineF(p, cpsStmts, "}$n", [])
   of tyObject:
     var x = typ.baseClass
     if x != nil: x = x.skipTypes(skipPtrs)
@@ -98,25 +94,23 @@ proc genTraverseProc(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, typ: PType) =
   of tyTuple:
     let typ = getUniqueType(typ)
     for i, a in typ.ikids:
-      genTraverseProc(c, dotField(accessor, "Field" & $i), a)
+      genTraverseProc(c, ropecg(c.p.module, "$1.Field$2", [accessor, i]), a)
   of tyRef:
-    visit(p, accessor, c.visitorFrmt)
+    lineCg(p, cpsStmts, visitorFrmt, [accessor, c.visitorFrmt])
   of tySequence:
     if optSeqDestructors notin c.p.module.config.globalOptions:
-      visit(p, accessor, c.visitorFrmt)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, visitorFrmt, [accessor, c.visitorFrmt])
     elif containsGarbageCollectedRef(typ.elementType):
       # destructor based seqs are themselves not traced but their data is, if
       # they contain a GC'ed type:
-      p.s(cpsStmts).addCallStmt(cgsymValue(p.module, "nimGCvisitSeq"),
-        cCast(CPointer, accessor),
-        c.visitorFrmt)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, "#nimGCvisitSeq((void*)$1, $2);$n", [accessor, c.visitorFrmt])
       #genTraverseProcSeq(c, accessor, typ)
   of tyString:
     if tfHasAsgn notin typ.flags:
-      visit(p, accessor, c.visitorFrmt)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, visitorFrmt, [accessor, c.visitorFrmt])
   of tyProc:
     if typ.callConv == ccClosure:
-      visit(p, dotField(accessor, "ClE_0"), c.visitorFrmt)
+      lineCg(p, cpsStmts, visitorFrmt, [ropecg(c.p.module, "$1.ClE_0", [accessor]), c.visitorFrmt])
   else:
     discard
 
@@ -125,17 +119,18 @@ proc genTraverseProcSeq(c: TTraversalClosure, accessor: Rope, typ: PType) =
   assert typ.kind == tySequence
   var i = getTemp(p, getSysType(c.p.module.g.graph, unknownLineInfo, tyInt))
   var oldCode = p.s(cpsStmts)
-  var oldLen, newLen: int
+  freeze oldCode
   var a = TLoc(snippet: accessor)
-  let le = lenExpr(c.p, a)
 
-  p.s(cpsStmts).addForRangeExclusive(i.snippet, cIntValue(0), le):
-    oldLen = p.s(cpsStmts).buf.len
-    genTraverseProc(c, subscript(dataField(c.p, accessor), i.snippet), typ.elementType)
-    newLen = p.s(cpsStmts).buf.len
-  if newLen == oldLen:
+  lineF(p, cpsStmts, "for ($1 = 0; $1 < $2; $1++) {$n",
+      [i.snippet, lenExpr(c.p, a)])
+  let oldLen = p.s(cpsStmts).len
+  genTraverseProc(c, "$1$3[$2]" % [accessor, i.snippet, dataField(c.p)], typ.elementType)
+  if p.s(cpsStmts).len == oldLen:
     # do not emit dummy long loops for faster debug builds:
     p.s(cpsStmts) = oldCode
+  else:
+    lineF(p, cpsStmts, "}$n", [])
 
 proc genTraverseProc(m: BModule, origTyp: PType; sig: SigHash): Rope =
   var p = newProc(nil, m)
@@ -144,10 +139,11 @@ proc genTraverseProc(m: BModule, origTyp: PType; sig: SigHash): Rope =
     hcrOn = m.hcrOn
     typ = origTyp.skipTypes(abstractInstOwned)
     markerName = if hcrOn: result & "_actual" else: result
+    header = "static N_NIMCALL(void, $1)(void* p, NI op)" % [markerName]
     t = getTypeDesc(m, typ)
 
-  p.s(cpsLocals).addVar(kind = Local, name = "a", typ = t)
-  p.s(cpsInit).addAssignment("a", cCast(t, "p"))
+  lineF(p, cpsLocals, "$1 a;$n", [t])
+  lineF(p, cpsInit, "a = ($1)p;$n", [t])
 
   var c = TTraversalClosure(p: p,
     visitorFrmt: "op" # "#nimGCvisit((void*)$1, op);$n"
@@ -161,40 +157,18 @@ proc genTraverseProc(m: BModule, origTyp: PType; sig: SigHash): Rope =
       # C's arrays are broken beyond repair:
       genTraverseProc(c, "a".rope, typ.elementType)
     else:
-      genTraverseProc(c, cDeref("a"), typ.elementType)
+      genTraverseProc(c, "(*a)".rope, typ.elementType)
 
-  var headerBuilder = newBuilder("")
-  headerBuilder.addProcHeaderWithParams(ccNimCall, markerName, CVoid):
-    var paramBuilder: ProcParamBuilder
-    headerBuilder.addProcParams(paramBuilder):
-      headerBuilder.addParam(paramBuilder, name = "p", typ = CPointer)
-      headerBuilder.addParam(paramBuilder, name = "op", typ = NimInt)
-  let header = extract(headerBuilder)
+  let generatedProc = "$1 {$n$2$3$4}\n" %
+        [header, p.s(cpsLocals), p.s(cpsInit), p.s(cpsStmts)]
 
-  m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addDeclWithVisibility(StaticProc):
-    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].add(header)
-    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].finishProcHeaderAsProto()
-  m.s[cfsProcs].addDeclWithVisibility(StaticProc):
-    m.s[cfsProcs].add(header)
-    m.s[cfsProcs].finishProcHeaderWithBody():
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsLocals)))
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsInit)))
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsStmts)))
+  m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addf("$1;\n", [header])
+  m.s[cfsProcs].add(generatedProc)
 
   if hcrOn:
-    var desc = newBuilder("")
-    var unnamedParamBuilder: ProcParamBuilder
-    desc.addProcParams(unnamedParamBuilder):
-      desc.addUnnamedParam(unnamedParamBuilder, CPointer)
-      desc.addUnnamedParam(unnamedParamBuilder, NimInt)
-    let unnamedParams = extract(desc)
-    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addProcVar(ccNimCall, result, unnamedParams, CVoid)
-    m.s[cfsDynLibInit].addAssignmentWithValue(result):
-      m.s[cfsDynLibInit].addCast(procPtrTypeUnnamed(ccNimCall, CVoid, unnamedParams)):
-        m.s[cfsDynLibInit].addCall("hcrRegisterProc",
-          getModuleDllPath(m),
-          '"' & result & '"',
-          cCast(CPointer, markerName))
+    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addf("N_NIMCALL_PTR(void, $1)(void*, NI);\n", [result])
+    m.s[cfsDynLibInit].addf("\t$1 = (N_NIMCALL_PTR(void, )(void*, NI)) hcrRegisterProc($3, \"$1\", (void*)$2);\n",
+         [result, markerName, getModuleDllPath(m)])
 
 proc genTraverseProcForGlobal(m: BModule, s: PSym; info: TLineInfo): Rope =
   discard genTypeInfoV1(m, s.loc.t, info)
@@ -205,28 +179,17 @@ proc genTraverseProcForGlobal(m: BModule, s: PSym; info: TLineInfo): Rope =
 
   if sfThread in s.flags and emulatedThreadVars(m.config):
     accessThreadLocalVar(p, s)
-    sLoc = derefField("NimTV_", sLoc)
+    sLoc = "NimTV_->" & sLoc
 
   var c = TTraversalClosure(p: p,
-    visitorFrmt: cIntValue(0) # "#nimGCvisit((void*)$1, 0);$n"
+    visitorFrmt: "0" # "#nimGCvisit((void*)$1, 0);$n"
   )
 
+  let header = "static N_NIMCALL(void, $1)(void)" % [result]
   genTraverseProc(c, sLoc, s.loc.t)
 
-  var headerBuilder = newBuilder("")
-  headerBuilder.addProcHeaderWithParams(ccNimCall, result, CVoid):
-    var paramBuilder: ProcParamBuilder
-    headerBuilder.addProcParams(paramBuilder):
-      # (void)
-      discard
-  let header = extract(headerBuilder)
+  let generatedProc = "$1 {$n$2$3$4}$n" %
+        [header, p.s(cpsLocals), p.s(cpsInit), p.s(cpsStmts)]
 
-  m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addDeclWithVisibility(StaticProc):
-    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].add(header)
-    m.s[cfsProcHeaders].finishProcHeaderAsProto()
-  m.s[cfsProcs].addDeclWithVisibility(StaticProc):
-    m.s[cfsProcs].add(header)
-    m.s[cfsProcs].finishProcHeaderWithBody():
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsLocals)))
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsInit)))
-      m.s[cfsProcs].add(extract(p.s(cpsStmts)))
+  m.s[cfsProcHeaders].addf("$1;$n", [header])
+  m.s[cfsProcs].add(generatedProc)

compiler/ccgutils.nim

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 import
   ast, types, msgs, wordrecg,
-  platform, trees, options, cgendata, mangleutils, renderer, modulegraphs
+  platform, trees, options, cgendata, mangleutils
 
 import std/[hashes, strutils, formatfloat]
 
@@ -90,6 +90,9 @@ proc ccgIntroducedPtr*(conf: ConfigRef; s: PSym, retType: PType): bool =
     if s.typ.sym != nil and sfForward in s.typ.sym.flags:
       # forwarded objects are *always* passed by pointers for consistency!
       result = true
+    elif s.typ.kind == tySink and conf.selectedGC notin {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcHooks}:
+      # bug #23354:
+      result = false
     elif (optByRef in s.options) or (getSize(conf, pt) > conf.target.floatSize * 3):
       result = true           # requested anyway
     elif (tfFinal in pt.flags) and (pt[0] == nil):
@@ -112,43 +115,19 @@ proc encodeName*(name: string): string =
 
 proc makeUnique(m: BModule; s: PSym, name: string = ""): string =
   result = if name == "": s.name.s else: name
-  # keep backend-minted ids out of the `_u` namespace; their item counter
-  # restarts at 0 and would collide with loaded symbols' ids
-  if s.itemId.isBackendMinted:
-    result.add "_c"
-    if (s.disamb and HookDisambBit) != 0'i32:
-      # A backend-minted sym whose `disamb` is content-derived (setHookDisamb gave
-      # it HookDisambBit) — e.g. the `rttiDestroy` wrapper. Its `itemId.item` is a
-      # PER-PROCESS backend counter, so using it makes the C name diverge across
-      # the emit-everywhere processes: the type's RTTI table (emit-everywhere,
-      # merge-deduped) ends up referencing one process's `_c<item>` while the
-      # wrapper is defined with another's -> undefined at link (`rttiDestroy_c23`).
-      # The content-derived disamb is stable across processes, so use it.
-      result.add $s.disamb
-    else:
-      result.add $s.itemId.item
-  else:
-    result.add "_u"
-    # Mirror `mangleProcNameExt`: use the per-(module,name) `disamb`, NOT
-    # `itemId.item`. Under the per-module IC backend the same symbol is loaded
-    # from a NIF in many processes and `itemId.item` is a fresh, load-order
-    # dependent counter — so a method base would mangle to `_u1` in one module,
-    # `_u3` in another and clean at its owner, none of which link. `disamb` is
-    # assigned deterministically per (module, name) and is serialized, so every
-    # process that touches the symbol derives the identical C name.
-    result.add $s.disamb
-  # module suffix LAST (a strippable trailing token; see `mangleProcNameExt`)
   result.add "__"
   result.add m.g.graph.ifaces[s.itemId.module].uniqueName
+  result.add "_u"
+  result.add $s.itemId.item
 
-proc encodeSym*(m: BModule; s: PSym; makeUnique: bool = false; extra: string = ""): string =
+proc encodeSym*(m: BModule; s: PSym; makeUnique: bool = false): string =
   #Module::Type
-  var name = s.name.s & extra
+  var name = s.name.s
   if makeUnique:
     name = makeUnique(m, s, name)
   "N" & encodeName(s.skipGenericOwner.name.s) & encodeName(name) & "E"
 
-proc encodeType*(m: BModule; t: PType; staticLists: var string): string =
+proc encodeType*(m: BModule; t: PType): string =
   result = ""
   var kindName = ($t.kind)[2..^1]
   kindName[0] = toLower($kindName[0])[0]
@@ -159,10 +138,10 @@ proc encodeType*(m: BModule; t: PType; staticLists: var string): string =
     result = encodeName(t[0].sym.name.s)
     result.add "I"
     for i in 1..<t.len - 1:
-      result.add encodeType(m, t[i], staticLists)
+      result.add encodeType(m, t[i])
     result.add "E"
   of tySequence, tyOpenArray, tyArray, tyVarargs, tyTuple, tyProc, tySet, tyTypeDesc,
-    tyPtr, tyRef, tyVar, tyLent, tySink, tyUncheckedArray, tyOr, tyAnd, tyBuiltInTypeClass:
+    tyPtr, tyRef, tyVar, tyLent, tySink, tyStatic, tyUncheckedArray, tyOr, tyAnd, tyBuiltInTypeClass:
     result =
       case t.kind:
       of tySequence: encodeName("seq")
@@ -171,13 +150,8 @@ proc encodeType*(m: BModule; t: PType; staticLists: var string): string =
     for i in 0..<t.len:
       let s = t[i]
       if s.isNil: continue
-      result.add encodeType(m, s, staticLists)
+      result.add encodeType(m, s)
     result.add "E"
-  of tyStatic:
-    if t.n != nil:
-      staticLists.add "_s" & renderTree(t.n)
-    else:
-      raiseAssert "unreachable"
   of tyRange:
     var val = "range_"
     if t.n[0].typ.kind in {tyFloat..tyFloat128}:
@@ -190,7 +164,7 @@ proc encodeType*(m: BModule; t: PType; staticLists: var string): string =
   of tyString..tyUInt64, tyPointer, tyBool, tyChar, tyVoid, tyAnything, tyNil, tyEmpty:
     result = encodeName(kindName)
   of tyAlias, tyInferred, tyOwned:
-    result = encodeType(m, t.elementType, staticLists)
+    result = encodeType(m, t.elementType)
   else:
     assert false, "encodeType " & $t.kind
 

compiler/cgendata.nim

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 import
   ast, ropes, options,
-  lineinfos, pathutils, modulegraphs, cbuilderbase
+  ndi, lineinfos, pathutils, modulegraphs
 
 import std/[intsets, tables, sets]
 
@@ -43,12 +43,12 @@ type
     ctUInt, ctUInt8, ctUInt16, ctUInt32, ctUInt64,
     ctArray, ctPtrToArray, ctStruct, ctPtr, ctNimStr, ctNimSeq, ctProc,
     ctCString
-  TCFileSections* = array[TCFileSection, Builder] # represents a generated C file
+  TCFileSections* = array[TCFileSection, Rope] # represents a generated C file
   TCProcSection* = enum       # the sections a generated C proc consists of
     cpsLocals,                # section of local variables for C proc
     cpsInit,                  # section for init of variables for C proc
     cpsStmts                  # section of local statements for C proc
-  TCProcSections* = array[TCProcSection, Builder] # represents a generated C proc
+  TCProcSections* = array[TCProcSection, Rope] # represents a generated C proc
   BModule* = ref TCGen
   BProc* = ref TCProc
   TBlock* = object
@@ -75,13 +75,10 @@ type
     flags*: set[TCProcFlag]
     lastLineInfo*: TLineInfo  # to avoid generating excessive 'nimln' statements
     currLineInfo*: TLineInfo  # AST codegen will make this superfluous
-    nestedTryStmts*: seq[tuple[fin: PNode, inExcept: bool, isHidden: bool, label: Natural]]
+    nestedTryStmts*: seq[tuple[fin: PNode, inExcept: bool, label: Natural]]
                               # in how many nested try statements we are
                               # (the vars must be volatile then)
-                              # `inExcept` is true when we are in the except part of a try block.
-                              # `isHidden` is true for compiler-injected `nkHiddenTryStmt` wrappers
-                              # (e.g. ARC's destructor try/finally around `except T as e:` bodies);
-                              # finallyActions walks past such wrappers to reach the user's try.
+                              # bool is true when are in the except part of a try block
     finallySafePoints*: seq[Rope]  # For correctly cleaning up exceptions when
                                    # using return in finally statements
     labels*: Natural          # for generating unique labels in the C proc
@@ -118,11 +115,11 @@ type
                         # computing alive data on our own.
 
   BModuleList* = ref object of RootObj
-    mainModProcs*, mainModInit*, otherModsInit*, mainDatInit*: Builder
+    mainModProcs*, mainModInit*, otherModsInit*, mainDatInit*: Rope
     mapping*: Rope             # the generated mapping file (if requested)
-    mods*: seq[BModule]     # list of all compiled modules
+    modules*: seq[BModule]     # list of all compiled modules
     modulesClosed*: seq[BModule] # list of the same compiled modules, but in the order they were closed
-    forwardedProcs*: seq[PSym] # procs that did not yet have a body
+    forwardedProcs*: seq[PSym] # proc:s that did not yet have a body
     generatedHeader*: BModule
     typeInfoMarker*: TypeCacheWithOwner
     typeInfoMarkerV2*: TypeCacheWithOwner
@@ -130,7 +127,7 @@ type
     graph*: ModuleGraph
     strVersion*, seqVersion*: int # version of the string/seq implementation to use
 
-    nimtv*: Builder         # Nim thread vars; the struct body
+    nimtv*: Rope            # Nim thread vars; the struct body
     nimtvDeps*: seq[PType]  # type deps: every module needs whole struct
     nimtvDeclared*: IntSet  # so that every var/field exists only once
                             # in the struct
@@ -158,66 +155,45 @@ type
     forwTypeCache*: TypeCache # cache for forward declarations of types
     declaredThings*: IntSet   # things we have declared in this .c file
     declaredProtos*: IntSet   # prototypes we have declared in this .c file
-    emittedContentDefs*: HashSet[string]
-      # cmdNifC per-module backend: content-addressed C names (generic
-      # instances and synthesized hooks) whose body this TU already emitted.
-      # Distinct symbols (minted in different source modules) can share one
-      # `_i<disamb>` name; `declaredThings` keys on symbol id and lets the
-      # second one through, so we dedup the body by name here instead.
-    queue*: seq[PSym]         # queue of procs to generate
     alive*: IntSet            # symbol IDs of alive data as computed by `dce.nim`
     headerFiles*: seq[string] # needed headers to include
     typeInfoMarker*: TypeCache # needed for generating type information
     typeInfoMarkerV2*: TypeCache
     initProc*: BProc          # code for init procedure
     preInitProc*: BProc       # code executed before the init proc
-    hcrCreateTypeInfosProc*: Builder # type info globals are in here when HCR=on
+    hcrCreateTypeInfosProc*: Rope # type info globals are in here when HCR=on
     inHcrInitGuard*: bool     # We are currently within a HCR reloading guard.
-    hcrInitGuard*: IfBuilder
     typeStack*: TTypeSeq      # used for type generation
     dataCache*: TNodeTable
     typeNodes*, nimTypes*: int # used for type info generation
     typeNodesName*, nimTypesName*: Rope # used for type info generation
     labels*: Natural          # for generating unique module-scope names
-    extensionLoaders*: array['0'..'9', Builder] # special procs for the
+    extensionLoaders*: array['0'..'9', Rope] # special procs for the
                                              # OpenGL wrapper
     sigConflicts*: CountTable[SigHash]
-    icImplMods*: IntSet       # module ids whose routine BODIES this TU
-                              # embeds (redirected defs, shared instances,
-                              # hooks); recorded as the artifact's cdeps so
-                              # the reuse gate can check their impl cookies
-    icDataDefs*: seq[tuple[cname, nifname: string]]
-                              # C names of data definitions (consts, globals,
-                              # RTTI) this TU embeds plus their NIF symbol
-                              # names (empty for RTTI, which has no symbol);
-                              # recorded in the cnif artifact so a later run
-                              # can reuse the TU and re-demand definitions
-                              # that cached TUs still reference
     g*: BModuleList
+    ndi*: NdiFile
 
 template config*(m: BModule): ConfigRef = m.g.config
 template config*(p: BProc): ConfigRef = p.module.g.config
 template vccAndC*(p: BProc): bool = p.module.config.cCompiler == ccVcc and p.module.config.backend == backendC
 
-proc delayedCodegen*(m: BModule): bool {.inline.} =
-  useAliveDataFromDce in m.flags or m.config.globalOptions.contains(optCompress)
-
 proc includeHeader*(this: BModule; header: string) =
   if not this.headerFiles.contains header:
     this.headerFiles.add header
 
-proc s*(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection): var Builder {.inline.} =
+proc s*(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection): var Rope {.inline.} =
   # section in the current block
   result = p.blocks[^1].sections[s]
 
-proc procSec*(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection): var Builder {.inline.} =
+proc procSec*(p: BProc, s: TCProcSection): var Rope {.inline.} =
   # top level proc sections
   result = p.blocks[0].sections[s]
 
 proc initBlock*(): TBlock =
   result = TBlock()
   for i in low(result.sections)..high(result.sections):
-    result.sections[i] = newBuilder("")
+    result.sections[i] = newRopeAppender()
 
 proc newProc*(prc: PSym, module: BModule): BProc =
   result = BProc(

compiler/cgmeth.nim

@@ -123,8 +123,8 @@ proc attachDispatcher(s: PSym, dispatcher: PNode) =
 
 proc createDispatcher(s: PSym; g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
   var disp = copySym(s, idgen)
-  incl(disp, sfDispatcher)
-  excl(disp, sfExported)
+  incl(disp.flags, sfDispatcher)
+  excl(disp.flags, sfExported)
   let old = disp.typ
   disp.typ = copyType(disp.typ, idgen, disp.typ.owner)
   copyTypeProps(g, idgen.module, disp.typ, old)
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ proc createDispatcher(s: PSym; g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
   if disp.typ.callConv == ccInline: disp.typ.callConv = ccNimCall
   disp.ast = copyTree(s.ast)
   disp.ast[bodyPos] = newNodeI(nkEmpty, s.info)
-  disp.locImpl.snippet = ""
+  disp.loc.snippet = ""
   if s.typ.returnType != nil:
     if disp.ast.len > resultPos:
       disp.ast[resultPos].sym = copySym(s.ast[resultPos].sym, idgen)
@@ -160,17 +160,7 @@ proc fixupDispatcher(meth, disp: PSym; conf: ConfigRef) =
 proc methodDef*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; s: PSym) =
   var witness: PSym = nil
   if s.typ.firstParamType.owner.getModule != s.getModule and vtables in g.config.features and not
-      g.config.isDefined("nimInternalNonVtablesTesting") and sfFromGeneric notin s.flags:
-    # `sfFromGeneric` excepted: this is the same-module restriction for vtable
-    # slot placement, and it must be judged on the GENERIC method, not on an
-    # instance. The generic `method skip[T](x: Input[T])` never reaches here
-    # (`semMethodPrototype` registers generic methods via `addMethodToGeneric`,
-    # bypassing `methodDef`); only its instance `skip[string]` does, and that
-    # instance's first-param type `Input[string]` is owned by whichever module
-    # first instantiated it (`tparsecombnum`, which `import parsecomb`s and uses
-    # it), NOT by `Input[T]`'s defining module — so the comparison spuriously
-    # fails for a method that is perfectly legal at the generic level. (Concrete
-    # methods, `sfFromGeneric notin flags`, are still checked.)
+      g.config.isDefined("nimInternalNonVtablesTesting"):
     localError(g.config, s.info, errGenerated, "method `" & s.name.s &
           "` can be defined only in the same module with its type (" & s.typ.firstParamType.typeToString() & ")")
   if sfImportc in s.flags:
@@ -190,7 +180,6 @@ proc methodDef*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; s: PSym) =
            g.methods[i].methods[0] != s:
         # already exists due to forwarding definition?
         localError(g.config, s.info, "method is not a base")
-      logMethodDef(g, s)
       return
     of No: discard
     of Invalid:
@@ -202,7 +191,6 @@ proc methodDef*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; s: PSym) =
   else:
     g.bucketTable.inc(s.typ.firstParamType.skipTypes(skipPtrs).itemId)
   g.methods.add((methods: @[s], dispatcher: createDispatcher(s, g, idgen)))
-  logMethodDef(g, s)
   #echo "adding ", s.info
   if witness != nil:
     localError(g.config, s.info, "invalid declaration order; cannot attach '" & s.name.s &

compiler/cmdlinehelper.nim

@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ proc processCmdLineAndProjectPath*(self: NimProg, conf: ConfigRef) =
 proc loadConfigsAndProcessCmdLine*(self: NimProg, cache: IdentCache; conf: ConfigRef;
                                    graph: ModuleGraph): bool =
   if self.suggestMode:
-    conf.setCmd cmdCheck
-    conf.ideActive = true
+    conf.setCmd cmdIdeTools
   if conf.cmd == cmdNimscript:
     incl(conf.globalOptions, optWasNimscript)
   loadConfigs(DefaultConfig, cache, conf, graph.idgen) # load all config files

compiler/cnif.nim

@@ -1,726 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## The "cnif" artifact: the C code generator's output as a NIF file.
-##
-## This is deliberately *not* NIFC: the C text is kept verbatim (Nim's
-## C-level machinery — exception handling in particular — is more refined
-## than what NIFC models today; the gap can be closed incrementally later).
-## The only structure the artifact adds is the part dead code elimination
-## and generic-instance merging need:
-##
-## - raw C text as string literals
-## - every *global* entity's C name as a `Symbol` token
-## - every emitted proc definition as a `(cdef SymbolDef flags ...)` group
-##
-## The C generator marks names with control characters at the single place
-## a global's C name is minted (`fillBackendName`) and emits a definition
-## directive at the single place finished procs are appended; the marks then
-## ride through all of the snippet composition untouched. This module turns
-## the final marked module text into the `.c.nif` artifact and strips the
-## marks for the actual `.c` output. Rendering C from the artifact is a
-## plain token walk: string literals verbatim, symbols by name — which is
-## also where a later merge step redirects losing generic instances.
-##
-## Marker scheme (cannot collide: C string literals escape control chars,
-## and `\1`/`\31`/`\23` of cgen's postprocess directives are distinct):
-##   \2 name \3                       a global's C name
-##   \4 name \31 flags \31 nif \5     start of the definition of `name`;
-##                                    `nif` is the defining symbol's NIF name
-##                                    (empty for backend-minted symbols) so a
-##                                    later run can re-demand the definition
-##   \4 \5                            end of the definitions section
-
-import std / [tables, sets, os, assertions, syncio, algorithm]
-import "../dist/nimony/src/lib" / [nifbuilder, nifcoreparse]
-
-const
-  CnifSymStart* = '\2'
-  CnifSymEnd* = '\3'
-  CnifDefStart* = '\4'
-  CnifDefSep* = '\31'   # same separator char as cgen's postprocess directives
-  CnifDefEnd* = '\5'
-
-proc markCName*(name: string): string {.inline.} =
-  CnifSymStart & name & CnifSymEnd
-
-proc hasCnifMarks*(s: string): bool =
-  for c in s:
-    if c in {CnifSymStart, CnifSymEnd, CnifDefStart}: return true
-  false
-
-proc stripCnifMarks*(s: string): string =
-  ## Removes the symbol marks (keeping the names) and the definition
-  ## directives (entirely) so the result is plain C.
-  if not hasCnifMarks(s): return s
-  result = newStringOfCap(s.len)
-  var i = 0
-  while i < s.len:
-    case s[i]
-    of CnifSymStart, CnifSymEnd:
-      inc i
-    of CnifDefStart:
-      while i < s.len and s[i] != CnifDefEnd: inc i
-      inc i # skip CnifDefEnd
-    else:
-      result.add s[i]
-      inc i
-
-const
-  CnifVersion* = "4"
-    ## Artifact format version, stored in the meta head. Artifacts written
-    ## by an older compiler lack the NIF names and the cref group the
-    ## def-retention check needs (v2), the cdeps group the fine-grained
-    ## reuse gate needs (v3), or the type NIF names and cnif-marked extern
-    ## RTTI references the typeinfo flavor of the def-retention check
-    ## needs (v4); `readCnifHeads` reports them as invalid so their TUs
-    ## simply regenerate once.
-
-proc cnifDefDirective*(name, flags, nifName: string): string =
-  CnifDefStart & name & CnifDefSep & flags & CnifDefSep & nifName & CnifDefEnd
-
-proc cnifEndDefs*(): string =
-  CnifDefStart & CnifDefEnd
-
-proc writeCnifArtifact*(code: string; outfile: string;
-                        initRequired = false; datInitRequired = false;
-                        dataDefs: openArray[tuple[cname, nifname: string]] = [];
-                        semmedNif = ""; moduleBase = "";
-                        implDeps: openArray[string] = []) =
-  ## Splits the marked module text into the `.c.nif` artifact.
-  ## The artifact starts with a `(meta <flags> "semmedNif" "moduleBase"
-  ## "version")` head — whether the module has an init/datInit proc
-  ## ('i'/'d'), which semmed NIF it was generated from and the module's
-  ## mangled base name (what `registerModuleToMain` and the reuse decision
-  ## need when the TU is reused in a later run, possibly without the module
-  ## ever being loaded again) — a `(cdata (SymbolDef StrLit)*)` group naming
-  ## the data definitions (consts, globals, RTTI) the TU embeds together
-  ## with their NIF names, a `(cref Ident*)` group naming every C name
-  ## the TU references but does not define itself (what the def-retention
-  ## check consults when some *other* TU regenerates), and a
-  ## `(cdeps Ident*)` group naming the modules whose routine *bodies* this
-  ## TU embeds (redirected defs, shared instances, hooks): the fine-grained
-  ## reuse gate checks their `.impl.nif` cookies on top of the direct
-  ## imports' `.iface.nif` cookies.
-  # pre-pass: every marked name is a use, every definition directive (and
-  # every data def) is a definition; external references = uses - defs
-  var uses = initHashSet[string]()
-  var defs = initHashSet[string]()
-  block prePass:
-    var i = 0
-    while i < code.len:
-      case code[i]
-      of CnifSymStart:
-        inc i
-        var name = ""
-        while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifSymEnd:
-          name.add code[i]
-          inc i
-        inc i
-        uses.incl name
-      of CnifDefStart:
-        inc i
-        var payload = ""
-        while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifDefEnd:
-          payload.add code[i]
-          inc i
-        inc i
-        let sep = find(payload, CnifDefSep)
-        if sep > 0: defs.incl payload[0..<sep]
-        elif payload.len > 0: defs.incl payload
-      else:
-        inc i
-  for d in dataDefs: defs.incl d.cname
-  var crefs: seq[string] = @[]
-  for u in uses:
-    if u notin defs: crefs.add u
-  sort crefs
-
-  var b = nifbuilder.open(outfile)
-  b.withTree "stmts":
-    b.withTree "meta":
-      var metaFlags = ""
-      if initRequired: metaFlags.add 'i'
-      if datInitRequired: metaFlags.add 'd'
-      if metaFlags.len > 0: b.addIdent metaFlags
-      else: b.addEmpty
-      b.addStrLit semmedNif
-      b.addStrLit moduleBase
-      b.addStrLit CnifVersion
-    b.withTree "cdata":
-      for d in dataDefs:
-        b.addSymbolDef d.cname
-        b.addStrLit d.nifname
-    b.withTree "cref":
-      for r in crefs:
-        b.addIdent r
-    b.withTree "cdeps":
-      for s in implDeps:
-        b.addIdent s
-    var raw = ""
-    var inDef = false
-    template flushRaw() =
-      if raw.len > 0:
-        b.addStrLit raw
-        raw.setLen 0
-    var i = 0
-    while i < code.len:
-      case code[i]
-      of CnifSymStart:
-        flushRaw()
-        inc i
-        var name = ""
-        while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifSymEnd:
-          name.add code[i]
-          inc i
-        inc i # skip CnifSymEnd
-        b.addSymbol name, ""
-      of CnifDefStart:
-        flushRaw()
-        inc i
-        var payload = ""
-        while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifDefEnd:
-          payload.add code[i]
-          inc i
-        inc i # skip CnifDefEnd
-        if inDef:
-          b.endTree()
-          inDef = false
-        if payload.len > 0:
-          let sep = find(payload, CnifDefSep)
-          let name = if sep >= 0: payload[0..<sep] else: payload
-          var flags = if sep >= 0: payload[sep+1..^1] else: ""
-          var nifName = ""
-          let sep2 = find(flags, CnifDefSep)
-          if sep2 >= 0:
-            nifName = flags[sep2+1..^1]
-            flags = flags[0..<sep2]
-          b.addTree "cdef"
-          b.addSymbolDef name
-          if flags.len > 0: b.addIdent flags
-          else: b.addEmpty
-          b.addStrLit nifName
-          inDef = true
-      else:
-        raw.add code[i]
-        inc i
-    flushRaw()
-    if inDef:
-      b.endTree()
-  b.close()
-
-proc renderMarkedC*(code: string; live: HashSet[string]; dropped: var int): string =
-  ## Renders the final C text from the marked module text: symbol marks are
-  ## removed (keeping the names — a later merge step substitutes them here),
-  ## and definitions whose name is not in `live` are dropped entirely. Each
-  ## definition is self-delimiting (genProcAux emits an end directive right
-  ## after the proc's text), so text written by other emitters is never part
-  ## of a definition's span and survives unconditionally.
-  result = newStringOfCap(code.len)
-  var i = 0
-  while i < code.len:
-    case code[i]
-    of CnifSymStart, CnifSymEnd:
-      inc i
-    of CnifDefStart:
-      var payload = ""
-      inc i
-      while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifDefEnd:
-        payload.add code[i]
-        inc i
-      inc i # skip CnifDefEnd
-      if payload.len > 0:
-        let sep = find(payload, CnifDefSep)
-        let name = if sep >= 0: payload[0..<sep] else: payload
-        if name notin live:
-          inc dropped
-          # drop the definition's text: everything up to its end directive
-          while i < code.len and code[i] != CnifDefStart: inc i
-    else:
-      result.add code[i]
-      inc i
-
-# ---- Liveness over the artifact -------------------------------------------
-
-proc symOrIdentName(c: Cursor): string {.inline.} =
-  if c.kind == Ident: strVal(c) else: symName(c)
-
-type
-  CnifHeads* = object
-    ## The cheap-to-parse part of an artifact that a later run needs in
-    ## order to reuse the TU without regenerating it.
-    valid*: bool             ## file parsed, carries the meta head and has
-                             ## the current format version
-    initRequired*: bool
-    datInitRequired*: bool
-    semmedNif*: string       ## the semmed NIF this TU was generated from
-    moduleBase*: string      ## the module's mangled base name
-    cdefs*: seq[tuple[cname, nifname: string]] ## the proc definitions
-    cdata*: seq[tuple[cname, nifname: string]] ## the data definitions
-    crefs*: seq[string]      ## C names referenced but not defined here
-    cdeps*: seq[string]      ## module suffixes whose routine bodies this
-                             ## TU embeds (impl-cookie gated on reuse)
-
-proc readCnifHeads*(f: string): CnifHeads =
-  ## Reads `(meta ...)`, `(cdata ...)`, `(cref ...)` and the `(cdef ...)`
-  ## head names from an artifact. Artifacts written by an older compiler
-  ## (no meta head or a different format version) report `valid=false`.
-  result = CnifHeads()
-  if not fileExists(f): return
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-  let cdefTag = tags.registerTag("cdef")
-  let cdataTag = tags.registerTag("cdata")
-  let crefTag = tags.registerTag("cref")
-  let cdepsTag = tags.registerTag("cdeps")
-  let metaTag = tags.registerTag("meta")
-  var buf = parseFromFile(f, 1000, pool, tags)
-  var c = beginRead(buf)
-  if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-    endRead(c)
-    return
-  var version = ""
-  var sawMeta = false
-  c.loopInto:
-    if c.kind == TagLit:
-      if c.cursorTagId == metaTag:
-        sawMeta = true
-        var strIdx = 0
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == Ident:
-            for ch in strVal(c):
-              if ch == 'i': result.initRequired = true
-              elif ch == 'd': result.datInitRequired = true
-            inc c
-          elif c.kind == StrLit:
-            if strIdx == 0: result.semmedNif = strVal(c)
-            elif strIdx == 1: result.moduleBase = strVal(c)
-            elif strIdx == 2: version = strVal(c)
-            inc strIdx
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == cdataTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == SymbolDef:
-            result.cdata.add (symName(c), "")
-            inc c
-          elif c.kind == StrLit:
-            if result.cdata.len > 0:
-              result.cdata[^1].nifname = strVal(c)
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == crefTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind in {Ident, Symbol, SymbolDef}:
-            result.crefs.add symOrIdentName(c)
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == cdepsTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind in {Ident, Symbol, SymbolDef}:
-            result.cdeps.add symOrIdentName(c)
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == cdefTag:
-        # fixed head: SymbolDef, flags (Ident or empty), NIF name StrLit;
-        # everything after that is the definition's body text
-        var state = 0
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == SymbolDef:
-            result.cdefs.add (symName(c), "")
-            state = 1
-            inc c
-          elif state == 1: # the flags field
-            state = 2
-            skip c
-          elif state == 2: # the NIF name
-            if c.kind == StrLit and result.cdefs.len > 0:
-              result.cdefs[^1].nifname = strVal(c)
-            state = 3
-            skip c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      else:
-        skip c
-    else:
-      skip c
-  endRead(c)
-  result.valid = sawMeta and version == CnifVersion
-
-type
-  CnifLiveness* = object
-    defs*: int      ## proc definitions emitted across all modules
-    liveDefs*: int  ## of those, reachable from the roots
-    live*: HashSet[string] ## live C names
-    broken*: bool
-
-proc computeLiveFromCArtifacts*(files: openArray[string]): CnifLiveness =
-  ## dce1-style mark&sweep over the C-shaped artifacts: a `(cdef ...)`
-  ## group is a definition (flags 'x'/'c'/'m' — exportc, compilerproc,
-  ## method/dispatcher — make it a root), names at the top level (data,
-  ## globals, init code) are roots, names inside a group are its uses.
-  ## Because the artifact is *fully lowered* output, no conservative
-  ## modelling is needed: every call the C code contains is a token here.
-  ##
-  ## NB: mangled C names contain no dots, so NIF's text reader classifies
-  ## them as `Ident` rather than `Symbol`; the dialect therefore treats
-  ## Ident tokens as name uses. Inside a `(cdef ...)` the flags ident is
-  ## the one immediately following the SymbolDef; everything after is a use.
-  result = CnifLiveness(live: initHashSet[string]())
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-  let cdefTag = tags.registerTag("cdef")
-  let cdataTag = tags.registerTag("cdata")
-  let crefTag = tags.registerTag("cref")
-  let cdepsTag = tags.registerTag("cdeps")
-  let metaTag = tags.registerTag("meta")
-  var uses = initTable[string, HashSet[string]]()
-  var roots = initHashSet[string]()
-  var defs = initHashSet[string]()
-  for f in files:
-    if not fileExists(f):
-      result.broken = true
-      return
-    var buf = parseFromFile(f, 1000, pool, tags)
-    var c = beginRead(buf)
-    if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-      result.broken = true
-      endRead(c)
-      return
-    c.loopInto:
-      case c.kind
-      of Symbol, Ident:
-        roots.incl symOrIdentName(c)
-        inc c
-      of TagLit:
-        if c.cursorTagId == metaTag or c.cursorTagId == cdataTag or
-            c.cursorTagId == crefTag or c.cursorTagId == cdepsTag:
-          # bookkeeping for TU reuse, irrelevant for liveness
-          skip c
-        elif c.cursorTagId == cdefTag:
-          var owner = ""
-          var flagsSeen = false
-          c.loopInto:
-            case c.kind
-            of SymbolDef:
-              owner = symName(c)
-              defs.incl owner
-              flagsSeen = false
-              inc c
-            of Symbol, Ident:
-              let name = symOrIdentName(c)
-              if not flagsSeen:
-                # the flags field right after the SymbolDef
-                flagsSeen = true
-                for ch in name:
-                  # 'd' marks a data definition (const/RTTI): never DCE'd, so it
-                  # is a root whose body keeps its referenced procs live
-                  if ch in {'x', 'c', 'm', 'd'}:
-                    roots.incl owner
-                    break
-              else:
-                uses.mgetOrPut(owner, initHashSet[string]()).incl name
-              inc c
-            of DotToken:
-              flagsSeen = true # empty flags field
-              inc c
-            else:
-              skip c
-        else:
-          c.loopInto:
-            if c.kind in {Symbol, Ident}:
-              roots.incl symOrIdentName(c)
-              inc c
-            else:
-              skip c
-      else:
-        skip c
-    endRead(c)
-  # mark & sweep
-  var work = newSeqOfCap[string](roots.len)
-  for r in roots: work.add r
-  while work.len > 0:
-    let s = work.pop()
-    if not result.live.containsOrIncl(s):
-      if uses.hasKey(s):
-        for dep in uses[s]:
-          if dep notin result.live:
-            work.add dep
-  result.defs = defs.len
-  for d in defs:
-    if d in result.live: inc result.liveDefs
-
-# ---- The merge stage: liveness + owner assignment -------------------------
-
-type
-  MergeDecision* = object
-    ## What the per-module backend's `merge` stage computes from every
-    ## module's `.c.nif` and what its `emit` stage consumes to render the
-    ## final `.c` of one module.
-    live*: HashSet[string]        ## globally reachable C names (dead cdefs
-                                  ## are dropped from every module)
-    owners*: Table[string, string] ## for each `'u'`-flagged (unique,
-                                  ## externally-linked) definition, the single
-                                  ## artifact base name allowed to embed its
-                                  ## body; every other module prototypes it
-    broken*: bool                 ## an artifact was missing or unparsable —
-                                  ## the caller should fall back / regenerate
-    defs*, liveDefs*: int
-
-proc computeMergeDecision*(files: openArray[string]): MergeDecision =
-  ## One pass over every `.c.nif`: the same mark&sweep as
-  ## `computeLiveFromCArtifacts` plus, per definition, owner assignment.
-  ##
-  ## Each `cg` process emits the body of every definition it demands
-  ## (emit-everywhere), so the same externally-linked definition appears in
-  ## several artifacts. A `'u'` flag on the `(cdef ...)` marks those that need
-  ## exactly one owner, assigned here across processes: the owner is the
-  ## lexicographically smallest artifact that emits it — a pure function of the
-  ## claimant set, hence stable across rebuilds. Definitions without `'u'`
-  ## (inline procs, dispatchers) are `static`/main-only and emitted into every
-  ## using TU, so they get no owner entry and are never deduplicated.
-  result = MergeDecision(live: initHashSet[string](),
-                         owners: initTable[string, string]())
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-  let cdefTag = tags.registerTag("cdef")
-  let cdataTag = tags.registerTag("cdata")
-  let crefTag = tags.registerTag("cref")
-  let cdepsTag = tags.registerTag("cdeps")
-  let metaTag = tags.registerTag("meta")
-  var uses = initTable[string, HashSet[string]]()
-  var roots = initHashSet[string]()
-  var defs = initHashSet[string]()
-  for f in files:
-    if not fileExists(f):
-      result.broken = true
-      return
-    let owner = extractFilename(f)
-    var buf = parseFromFile(f, 1000, pool, tags)
-    var c = beginRead(buf)
-    if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-      result.broken = true
-      endRead(c)
-      return
-    c.loopInto:
-      case c.kind
-      of Symbol, Ident:
-        roots.incl symOrIdentName(c)
-        inc c
-      of TagLit:
-        if c.cursorTagId == metaTag or c.cursorTagId == cdataTag or
-            c.cursorTagId == crefTag or c.cursorTagId == cdepsTag:
-          skip c
-        elif c.cursorTagId == cdefTag:
-          var ownerName = ""
-          var flagsSeen = false
-          var needsOwner = false
-          c.loopInto:
-            case c.kind
-            of SymbolDef:
-              ownerName = symName(c)
-              defs.incl ownerName
-              flagsSeen = false
-              inc c
-            of Symbol, Ident:
-              let name = symOrIdentName(c)
-              if not flagsSeen:
-                flagsSeen = true
-                for ch in name:
-                  if ch in {'x', 'c', 'm'}: roots.incl ownerName
-                  # 'u' = unique proc (DCE'd), 'd' = data (never DCE'd, hence a
-                  # root); both need a single owner across the emit-everywhere
-                  # processes
-                  elif ch == 'u': needsOwner = true
-                  elif ch == 'd':
-                    needsOwner = true
-                    roots.incl ownerName
-              else:
-                uses.mgetOrPut(ownerName, initHashSet[string]()).incl name
-              inc c
-            of DotToken:
-              flagsSeen = true # empty flags field
-              inc c
-            else:
-              skip c
-          if needsOwner and ownerName.len > 0:
-            # smallest claimant wins; ties impossible (one entry per name)
-            let prev = result.owners.getOrDefault(ownerName, "")
-            if prev.len == 0 or owner < prev:
-              result.owners[ownerName] = owner
-        else:
-          c.loopInto:
-            if c.kind in {Symbol, Ident}:
-              roots.incl symOrIdentName(c)
-              inc c
-            else:
-              skip c
-      else:
-        skip c
-    endRead(c)
-  var work = newSeqOfCap[string](roots.len)
-  for r in roots: work.add r
-  while work.len > 0:
-    let s = work.pop()
-    if not result.live.containsOrIncl(s):
-      if uses.hasKey(s):
-        for dep in uses[s]:
-          if dep notin result.live:
-            work.add dep
-  result.defs = defs.len
-  for d in defs:
-    if d in result.live: inc result.liveDefs
-
-const MergeDecisionFile* = "ic.backend.merge.nif"
-  ## Fixed name of the merge stage's output in the nimcache, read by `emit`.
-
-proc writeMergeDecision*(outfile: string; d: MergeDecision) =
-  ## Serializes the merge decision: `(merge (live Symbol*) (owners (own
-  ## Symbol StrLit)*))`. C names are mangled (no dots) so they serialize as
-  ## symbols; owner artifact base names go in string literals.
-  var live: seq[string] = @[]
-  for n in d.live: live.add n
-  sort live
-  var keys: seq[string] = @[]
-  for k in d.owners.keys: keys.add k
-  sort keys
-  var b = nifbuilder.open(outfile)
-  b.withTree "merge":
-    b.withTree "live":
-      for n in live: b.addSymbol n, ""
-    b.withTree "owners":
-      for k in keys:
-        b.withTree "own":
-          b.addSymbol k, ""
-          b.addStrLit d.owners[k]
-  b.close()
-
-proc readMergeDecision*(f: string): MergeDecision =
-  ## Reads back a `writeMergeDecision` file; `broken=true` if absent/unparsable.
-  result = MergeDecision(live: initHashSet[string](),
-                         owners: initTable[string, string]())
-  if not fileExists(f):
-    result.broken = true
-    return
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let mergeTag = tags.registerTag("merge")
-  let liveTag = tags.registerTag("live")
-  let ownersTag = tags.registerTag("owners")
-  let ownTag = tags.registerTag("own")
-  var buf = parseFromFile(f, 1000, pool, tags)
-  var c = beginRead(buf)
-  if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != mergeTag:
-    result.broken = true
-    endRead(c)
-    return
-  c.loopInto:
-    if c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == liveTag:
-      c.loopInto:
-        if c.kind in {Symbol, Ident}:
-          result.live.incl symOrIdentName(c)
-          inc c
-        else:
-          skip c
-    elif c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == ownersTag:
-      c.loopInto:
-        if c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == ownTag:
-          var key = ""
-          c.loopInto:
-            if c.kind in {Symbol, Ident}:
-              key = symOrIdentName(c)
-              inc c
-            elif c.kind == StrLit:
-              if key.len > 0: result.owners[key] = strVal(c)
-              inc c
-            else:
-              skip c
-        else:
-          skip c
-    else:
-      skip c
-  endRead(c)
-
-proc renderCFromArtifact*(artifact: string; d: MergeDecision; ownerId: string;
-                          dropped: var int): string =
-  ## The per-module backend's `emit` stage: render one module's final `.c` from
-  ## its `.c.nif` and the merge decision. String literals are emitted verbatim,
-  ## symbols by name; a `(cdef ...)` body is dropped when the name is dead, or
-  ## when it is a `'u'` unique definition this module does not own. The body's
-  ## prototype lives in the surrounding raw text (cgen emits a forward
-  ## declaration for every *used* proc, independent of where the body lands), so
-  ## a dropped body still leaves a valid declaration — no synthesis needed. The
-  ## head groups (meta/cdata/cref/cdeps) carry no C text.
-  result = ""
-  if not fileExists(artifact): return
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-  let cdefTag = tags.registerTag("cdef")
-  var buf = parseFromFile(artifact, 1000, pool, tags)
-  var c = beginRead(buf)
-  if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-    endRead(c)
-    return
-  c.loopInto:
-    case c.kind
-    of StrLit:
-      result.add strVal(c)
-      inc c
-    of Symbol, Ident:
-      result.add symOrIdentName(c)
-      inc c
-    of TagLit:
-      if c.cursorTagId == cdefTag:
-        # fixed head: SymbolDef, flags (Ident or empty), nifname StrLit; the
-        # rest is the definition's body text. `state` counts past the head.
-        var name = ""
-        var isUnique = false
-        var isData = false
-        var keep = true
-        var state = 0
-        c.loopInto:
-          if state == 0 and c.kind == SymbolDef:
-            name = symName(c)
-            state = 1
-            inc c
-          elif state == 1: # the flags field (one token: Ident/Symbol or empty)
-            if c.kind in {Ident, Symbol}:
-              for ch in symOrIdentName(c):
-                if ch == 'u': isUnique = true
-                elif ch == 'd': isData = true
-            state = 2
-            inc c
-          elif state == 2: # the NIF name (one StrLit) — decide keep here
-            let owned = d.owners.getOrDefault(name, ownerId) == ownerId
-            keep =
-              if isData: owned                      # data: kept by its owner only
-              elif isUnique: (name in d.live) and owned
-              else: name in d.live                  # inline/dispatcher: per-TU
-            if not keep: inc dropped
-            state = 3
-            inc c
-          else: # body tokens
-            if keep:
-              if c.kind == StrLit: result.add strVal(c)
-              elif c.kind in {Symbol, Ident}: result.add symOrIdentName(c)
-            inc c
-      else:
-        # head groups (meta/cdata/cref/cdeps) carry no C text
-        skip c
-    else:
-      inc c
-  endRead(c)

compiler/commands.nim

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ bootSwitch(usedMarkAndSweep, defined(gcmarkandsweep), "--gc:markAndSweep")
 bootSwitch(usedGoGC, defined(gogc), "--gc:go")
 bootSwitch(usedNoGC, defined(nogc), "--gc:none")
 
-import std/[setutils, sets, os, strutils, parseutils, parseopt, sequtils, strtabs, enumutils]
+import std/[setutils, os, strutils, parseutils, parseopt, sequtils, strtabs, enumutils]
 import
   msgs, options, nversion, condsyms, extccomp, platform,
   wordrecg, nimblecmd, lineinfos, pathutils
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ const
   errInvalidCmdLineOption = "invalid command line option: '$1'"
   errOnOrOffExpectedButXFound = "'on' or 'off' expected, but '$1' found"
   errOnOffOrListExpectedButXFound = "'on', 'off' or 'list' expected, but '$1' found"
-  errOffHintsError = "'off', 'hint', 'warning', 'error' or 'usages' expected, but '$1' found"
+  errOffHintsError = "'off', 'hint', 'error' or 'usages' expected, but '$1' found"
 
 proc invalidCmdLineOption(conf: ConfigRef; pass: TCmdLinePass, switch: string, info: TLineInfo) =
   if switch == " ": localError(conf, info, errInvalidCmdLineOption % "-")
@@ -203,14 +203,13 @@ proc processSpecificNote*(arg: string, state: TSpecialWord, pass: TCmdLinePass,
   else: invalidCmdLineOption(conf, pass, orig, info)
 
   let isSomeHint = state in {wHint, wHintAsError}
-  let isSomeWarning = state in {wWarning, wWarningAsError}
   template findNote(noteMin, noteMax, name) =
     # unfortunately, hintUser and warningUser clash, otherwise implementation would simplify a bit
     let x = findStr(noteMin, noteMax, id, errUnknown)
     if x != errUnknown: notes = {TNoteKind(x)}
     else:
-      if isSomeHint or isSomeWarning:
-        message(conf, info, warnUnknownNotes, "unknown $#: $#" % [name, id])
+      if isSomeHint:
+        message(conf, info, hintUnknownHint, id)
       else:
         localError(conf, info, "unknown $#: $#" % [name, id])
   case id.normalize
@@ -245,12 +244,11 @@ proc processCompile(conf: ConfigRef; filename: string) =
   extccomp.addExternalFileToCompile(conf, found)
 
 const
-  errNoneBoehmRefcExpectedButXFound = "'arc', 'orc', 'yrc', 'atomicArc', 'markAndSweep', 'boehm', 'go', 'none', 'regions', or 'refc' expected, but '$1' found"
+  errNoneBoehmRefcExpectedButXFound = "'arc', 'orc', 'atomicArc', 'markAndSweep', 'boehm', 'go', 'none', 'regions', or 'refc' expected, but '$1' found"
   errNoneSpeedOrSizeExpectedButXFound = "'none', 'speed' or 'size' expected, but '$1' found"
   errGuiConsoleOrLibExpectedButXFound = "'gui', 'console', 'lib' or 'staticlib' expected, but '$1' found"
   errInvalidExceptionSystem = "'goto', 'setjmp', 'cpp' or 'quirky' expected, but '$1' found"
   errInvalidFeatureButXFound = Feature.toSeq.map(proc(val:Feature): string = "'$1'" % $val).join(", ") & " expected, but '$1' found"
-  errDefaultOrSsoExpectedButXFound = "'default' or 'sso' expected, but '$1' found"
 
 template warningOptionNoop(switch: string) =
   warningDeprecated(conf, info, "'$#' is deprecated, now a noop" % switch)
@@ -267,7 +265,6 @@ proc testCompileOptionArg*(conf: ConfigRef; switch, arg: string, info: TLineInfo
     of "markandsweep": result = conf.selectedGC == gcMarkAndSweep
     of "destructors", "arc": result = conf.selectedGC == gcArc
     of "orc": result = conf.selectedGC == gcOrc
-    of "yrc": result = conf.selectedGC == gcYrc
     of "hooks": result = conf.selectedGC == gcHooks
     of "go": result = conf.selectedGC == gcGo
     of "none": result = conf.selectedGC == gcNone
@@ -307,13 +304,6 @@ proc testCompileOptionArg*(conf: ConfigRef; switch, arg: string, info: TLineInfo
     else:
       result = false
       localError(conf, info, errInvalidExceptionSystem % arg)
-  of "strings":
-    case arg.normalize
-    of "default": result = conf.selectedStrings == stringDefault
-    of "sso": result = conf.selectedStrings == stringSso
-    else:
-      result = false
-      localError(conf, info, errDefaultOrSsoExpectedButXFound % arg)
   of "experimental":
     try:
       result = conf.features.contains parseEnum[Feature](arg)
@@ -373,7 +363,6 @@ proc testCompileOption*(conf: ConfigRef; switch: string, info: TLineInfo): bool
     result = false
   of "panics": result = contains(conf.globalOptions, optPanics)
   of "jsbigint64": result = contains(conf.globalOptions, optJsBigInt64)
-  of "mangle": result = contains(conf.globalOptions, optItaniumMangle)
   else:
     result = false
     invalidCmdLineOption(conf, passCmd1, switch, info)
@@ -469,7 +458,7 @@ template handleStdinOrCmdInput =
     conf.outDir = getNimcacheDir(conf)
 
 proc handleStdinInput*(conf: ConfigRef) =
-  conf.projectName = conf.stdinFile.string
+  conf.projectName = "stdinfile"
   conf.projectIsStdin = true
   handleStdinOrCmdInput()
 
@@ -483,7 +472,6 @@ proc parseCommand*(command: string): Command =
   of "cpp", "compiletocpp": cmdCompileToCpp
   of "objc", "compiletooc": cmdCompileToOC
   of "js", "compiletojs": cmdCompileToJS
-  of "nif": cmdCompileToNif
   of "r": cmdCrun
   of "m": cmdM
   of "run": cmdTcc
@@ -503,13 +491,10 @@ proc parseCommand*(command: string): Command =
   of "gendepend": cmdGendepend
   of "dump": cmdDump
   of "parse": cmdParse
+  of "rod": cmdRod
   of "secret": cmdInteractive
   of "nop", "help": cmdNop
   of "jsonscript": cmdJsonscript
-  of "nifc": cmdNifC  # generate C from NIF files
-  of "ic": cmdIc  # generate .build.nif for nifmake
-  of "icconfig": cmdIcConfig  # produce the precompiled config artifact
-  of "track": cmdTrack  # IDE goto-def / find-usages over `nim ic`'s NIF output
   else: cmdUnknown
 
 proc setCmd*(conf: ConfigRef, cmd: Command) =
@@ -521,12 +506,6 @@ proc setCmd*(conf: ConfigRef, cmd: Command) =
   of cmdCompileToCpp: conf.backend = backendCpp
   of cmdCompileToOC: conf.backend = backendObjc
   of cmdCompileToJS: conf.backend = backendJs
-  of cmdCompileToNif: conf.backend = backendNif
-  of cmdNifC:
-    conf.backend = backendC  # NIF to C compilation
-  of cmdM:
-    # cmdM requires optCompress for proper IC handling (include files, etc.)
-    conf.globalOptions.incl optCompress
   else: discard
 
 proc setCommandEarly*(conf: ConfigRef, command: string) =
@@ -581,7 +560,6 @@ proc unregisterArcOrc*(conf: ConfigRef) =
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcdestructors")
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcarc")
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcorc")
-  undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcyrc")
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcatomicarc")
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "nimSeqsV2")
   undefSymbol(conf.symbols, "nimV2")
@@ -615,10 +593,6 @@ proc processMemoryManagementOption(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass,
       conf.selectedGC = gcOrc
       defineSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcorc")
       registerArcOrc(pass, conf)
-    of "yrc":
-      conf.selectedGC = gcYrc
-      defineSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcyrc")
-      registerArcOrc(pass, conf)
     of "atomicarc":
       conf.selectedGC = gcAtomicArc
       defineSymbol(conf.symbols, "gcatomicarc")
@@ -655,18 +629,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
                     conf: ConfigRef) =
   var key = ""
   var val = ""
-  # Record config-file switches so the `nim ic` driver can serialise them into a
-  # precompiled-config artifact and have its per-module child processes replay
-  # them instead of re-parsing the `nim.cfg` chain (and re-running `config.nims`
-  # in the VM) on every invocation. Only `passPP` (config-file) switches are
-  # captured; command-line switches are forwarded by the build graph as usual.
-  # Path-search switches are skipped: their net effect already lives in the
-  # resolved `searchPaths` the driver forwards as `--path`, and replaying their
-  # raw (often relative-to-config-dir) arguments here would misresolve.
-  if pass == passPP and switch.normalize notin
-      ["path", "p", "nimblepath", "lazypath", "excludepath",
-       "nonimblepath", "clearnimblepath", "nimcache"]:
-    conf.icConfigSwitches.add (switch, arg)
   case switch.normalize
   of "eval":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
@@ -719,14 +681,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
     conf.outDir = processPath(conf, arg, info, notRelativeToProj=true)
   of "usenimcache":
     processOnOffSwitchG(conf, {optUseNimcache}, arg, pass, info)
-  of "ideimports":
-    # nimsuggest: where the import closure comes from. IC is opt-in.
-    #   nif|on               load unchanged imports from precompiled NIF (cmdM)
-    #   source|off (default) recompile the whole closure from source (cmdCheck)
-    case arg.normalize
-    of "nif", "on", "": conf.ideImportsFromNif = true
-    of "source", "off": conf.ideImportsFromNif = false
-    else: localError(conf, info, "'--ideImports' expects 'nif' or 'source', got: '$1'" % arg)
   of "docseesrcurl":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     conf.docSeeSrcUrl = arg
@@ -780,17 +734,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
     processMemoryManagementOption(switch, arg, pass, info, conf)
   of "mm":
     processMemoryManagementOption(switch, arg, pass, info, conf)
-  of "strings":
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      case arg.normalize
-      of "default":
-        conf.selectedStrings = stringDefault
-      of "sso":
-        conf.selectedStrings = stringSso
-        defineSymbol(conf.symbols, "nimsso")
-      else:
-        localError(conf, info, errDefaultOrSsoExpectedButXFound % arg)
   of "warnings", "w":
     if processOnOffSwitchOrList(conf, {optWarns}, arg, pass, info): listWarnings(conf)
   of "warning": processSpecificNote(arg, wWarning, pass, info, switch, conf)
@@ -816,18 +759,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
       conf.globalOptions.excl optCDebug
     else:
       localError(conf, info, "expected native|gdb|on|off but found " & arg)
-  of "mangle":
-    case arg.normalize
-    of "nim":
-      conf.globalOptions.excl optItaniumMangle
-    of "cpp":
-      conf.globalOptions.incl optItaniumMangle
-    else:
-      localError(conf, info, "expected nim|cpp but found " & arg)
-  of "compress":
-    conf.globalOptions.incl optCompress
-  of "genbif":
-    processOnOffSwitchG(conf, {optGenBif}, arg, pass, info)
   of "g": # alias for --debugger:native
     conf.globalOptions.incl optCDebug
     conf.options.incl optLineDir
@@ -947,65 +878,14 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
     else: localError(conf, info, errOnOrOffExpectedButXFound % arg)
   of "noimportdoc":
     processOnOffSwitchG(conf, {optNoImportdoc}, arg, pass, info)
-  of "ismainmodule":
-    # `nim m` (IC) only: marks the single module being checked as the program's
-    # real entry point so that `isMainModule` and `when isMainModule:` resolve
-    # correctly even though every module is compiled with `sfMainModule` set.
-    conf.isMainModule = switchOn(arg)
-  of "icgroup":
-    # `nim m` only: register a module that belongs to the current strongly-
-    # connected import group, so it is compiled from source (not loaded from a
-    # precompiled NIF) and gets its own NIF written. `deps.nim` emits one
-    # `--icGroup:<path>` per member of a dependency cycle. The argument is an
-    # absolute .nim path produced by the dependency scanner.
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      conf.icGroup.incl(canonicalizePath(conf, AbsoluteFile arg).string)
-  of "icproject":
-    # `nim m`/`nim nifc` only: the ORIGINAL project file (see options.icProject)
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      conf.icProject = canonicalizePath(conf, AbsoluteFile arg).string
-  of "icpreparsedconfig":
-    # `nim m`/`nim nifc` only: path of the precompiled-config artifact (see
-    # options.icPreparsedConfig). Read in `passCmd1`, before `loadConfigs`, so
-    # config loading can replay it instead of re-parsing the `nim.cfg` chain.
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    conf.icPreparsedConfig = arg
-  of "icconfigout":
-    # `nim icconfig` only: where to write the precompiled config artifact (see
-    # options.icConfigOut). The `nim ic` driver spawns the producer with this.
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    conf.icConfigOut = arg
-  of "icbackendstage":
-    # `nim nifc` only: per-module backend stage, one of cg|merge|emit (see
-    # options.icBackendStage). Empty (switch unused) keeps the whole-program
-    # backend. Emitted by `deps.nim`'s backend build file.
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      conf.icBackendStage = arg
-  of "icbackendmodule":
-    # `nim nifc` only: the NIF module suffix the cg/emit stage operates on (see
-    # options.icBackendModule).
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      conf.icBackendModule = arg
   of "import":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      let m = findModule(conf, arg, toFullPath(conf, info)).string
-      if m.len == 0:
-        localError(conf, info, "Cannot resolve filename: " & arg)
-      else:
-        conf.implicitImports.add(if arg.startsWith(stdPrefix): arg else: m)
+      conf.implicitImports.add findModule(conf, arg, toFullPath(conf, info)).string
   of "include":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
-      let m = findModule(conf, arg, toFullPath(conf, info)).string
-      if m.len == 0:
-        localError(conf, info, "Cannot resolve filename: " & arg)
-      else:
-        conf.implicitIncludes.add m
+      conf.implicitIncludes.add findModule(conf, arg, toFullPath(conf, info)).string
   of "listcmd":
     processOnOffSwitchG(conf, {optListCmd}, arg, pass, info)
   of "asm":
@@ -1037,14 +917,8 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     var value: int = 10_000_000
     discard parseSaturatedNatural(arg, value)
-    if value <= 0: localError(conf, info, "maxLoopIterationsVM must be a positive integer greater than zero")
+    if not value > 0: localError(conf, info, "maxLoopIterationsVM must be a positive integer greater than zero")
     conf.maxLoopIterationsVM = value
-  of "maxcalldepthvm":
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    var value: int = 2_000
-    discard parseSaturatedNatural(arg, value)
-    if value <= 0: localError(conf, info, "maxCallDepthVM must be a positive integer greater than zero")
-    conf.maxCallDepthVM = value
   of "errormax":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     # Note: `nim check` (etc) can overwrite this.
@@ -1054,10 +928,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
     var value: int = 0
     discard parseSaturatedNatural(arg, value)
     conf.errorMax = if value == 0: high(int) else: value
-  of "stdinfile":
-    expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    conf.stdinFile = if os.isAbsolute(arg): AbsoluteFile(arg)
-                     else: AbsoluteFile(getCurrentDir() / arg)
   of "verbosity":
     expectArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     let verbosity = parseInt(arg)
@@ -1091,8 +961,7 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
       # xxx maybe also ic, since not in help?
     if pass in {passCmd2, passPP}:
       case arg.normalize
-      of "on": conf.ic = true
-      of "legacy": conf.symbolFiles = v2Sf
+      of "on": conf.symbolFiles = v2Sf
       of "off": conf.symbolFiles = disabledSf
       of "writeonly": conf.symbolFiles = writeOnlySf
       of "readonly": conf.symbolFiles = readOnlySf
@@ -1200,9 +1069,6 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
   of "shownonexports":
     expectNoArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
     showNonExportedFields(conf)
-  of "raw":
-    expectNoArg(conf, switch, arg, pass, info)
-    docRawOutput(conf)
   of "exceptions":
     case arg.normalize
     of "cpp": conf.exc = excCpp
@@ -1234,10 +1100,9 @@ proc processSwitch*(switch, arg: string, pass: TCmdLinePass, info: TLineInfo;
       defineSymbol(conf.symbols, "nimSeqsV2")
   of "stylecheck":
     case arg.normalize
-    of "off": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions - {optStyleHint, optStyleError, optStyleWarning}
-    of "hint": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions + {optStyleHint} - {optStyleError, optStyleWarning}
-    of "warning": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions + {optStyleWarning} - {optStyleHint, optStyleError}
-    of "error": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions + {optStyleError} - {optStyleHint, optStyleWarning}
+    of "off": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions - {optStyleHint, optStyleError}
+    of "hint": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions + {optStyleHint} - {optStyleError}
+    of "error": conf.globalOptions = conf.globalOptions + {optStyleError}
     of "usages": conf.globalOptions.incl optStyleUsages
     else: localError(conf, info, errOffHintsError % arg)
   of "showallmismatches":
@@ -1327,16 +1192,8 @@ proc processArgument*(pass: TCmdLinePass; p: OptParser;
       # support UNIX style filenames everywhere for portable build scripts:
       if config.projectName.len == 0:
         config.projectName = unixToNativePath(p.key)
-      if config.cmd == cmdTrack:
-        # `nim track PROJ --def:...`: unlike a normal command (where everything
-        # after the project file is passed to the compiled program), `track`
-        # accepts its IDE-query switches AFTER the project — the natural,
-        # nimsuggest-like invocation form. So don't swallow the rest of the line
-        # into `arguments`; keep parsing the remaining tokens as switches.
-        result = false
-      else:
-        config.arguments = cmdLineRest(p)
-        result = true
+      config.arguments = cmdLineRest(p)
+      result = true
     else:
       result = false
   inc argsCount

compiler/concepts.nim

@@ -11,15 +11,15 @@
 ## for details. Note this is a first implementation and only the "Concept matching"
 ## section has been implemented.
 
-import ast, semdata, lookups, lineinfos, idents, msgs, renderer, types, layeredtable
+import ast, astalgo, semdata, lookups, lineinfos, idents, msgs, renderer, types
 
-import std/sets
+import std/intsets
 
 when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
   import std/assertions
 
 const
-  logBindings = when defined(debugConcepts): true else: false
+  logBindings = false
 
 ## Code dealing with Concept declarations
 ## --------------------------------------
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ proc declareSelf(c: PContext; info: TLineInfo) =
   let ow = getCurrOwner(c)
   let s = newSym(skType, getIdent(c.cache, "Self"), c.idgen, ow, info)
   s.typ = newType(tyTypeDesc, c.idgen, ow)
-  s.typ.incl {tfUnresolved, tfPacked}
+  s.typ.flags.incl {tfUnresolved, tfPacked}
   s.typ.add newType(tyEmpty, c.idgen, ow)
   addDecl(c, s, info)
 
@@ -70,281 +70,88 @@ proc semConceptDeclaration*(c: PContext; n: PNode): PNode =
 ## ----------------
 
 type
-  MatchFlags* = enum
-    mfDontBind  # Do not bind generic parameters
-    mfCheckGeneric  # formal <- formal comparison as opposed to formal <- operand
-
-  ConceptTypePair = tuple[conceptId, typeId: ItemId]
-    ## Pair of (concept type id, implementation type id) used for cycle detection
-
   MatchCon = object ## Context we pass around during concept matching.
-    bindings: LayeredIdTable
-    marker: HashSet[ConceptTypePair] ## Tracks (concept, type) pairs being checked to detect cycles.
+    inferred: seq[(PType, PType)] ## we need a seq here so that we can easily undo inferences \
+      ## that turned out to be wrong.
+    marker: IntSet ## Some protection against wild runaway recursions.
     potentialImplementation: PType ## the concrete type that might match the concept we try to match.
     magic: TMagic  ## mArrGet and mArrPut is wrong in system.nim and
                    ## cannot be fixed that easily.
                    ## Thus we special case it here.
-    concpt: PType  ## current concept being evaluated
-    flags: set[MatchFlags]
-
-  MatchKind = enum
-    mkNoMatch, mkSubset, mkSame
-
-const
-  asymmetricConceptParamMods = {tyVar, tySink, tyLent, tyOwned, tyAlias, tyInferred} # param modifiers that to not have to match implementation -> concept
-  bindableTypes = {tyGenericParam, tyOr, tyTypeDesc}
-
-proc conceptMatchNode(c: PContext; n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool
-
-proc matchType(c: PContext; fo, ao: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool
-
-proc matchReturnType(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool
-
-proc processConcept(c: PContext; concpt, invocation: PType, bindings: var LayeredIdTable; m: var MatchCon): bool
 
 proc existingBinding(m: MatchCon; key: PType): PType =
   ## checks if we bound the type variable 'key' already to some
   ## concrete type.
-  result = m.bindings.lookup(key)
-  if result == nil:
-    result = key
+  for i in 0..<m.inferred.len:
+    if m.inferred[i][0] == key: return m.inferred[i][1]
+  return nil
 
-const
-    ignorableForArgType = {tyVar, tySink, tyLent, tyOwned, tyAlias, tyInferred}
+proc conceptMatchNode(c: PContext; n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool
 
-proc unrollGenericParam(param: PType): PType =
-  result = param.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType)
-  while result.kind in {tyGenericParam, tyTypeDesc} and result.hasElementType and result.elementType.kind != tyNone:
-    result = result.elementType
-
-proc bindParam(c: PContext, m: var MatchCon; key, v: PType): bool {. discardable .} =
-  if v.kind == tyTypeDesc:
-    return false
-  var value = unrollGenericParam(v)
-  if value.kind == tyGenericParam:
-    value = existingBinding(m, value)
-    if value.kind == tyGenericParam:
-      if value.hasElementType:
-        value = value.elementType
-      else:
-        return true
-  if value.kind == tyStatic:
-    return false
-
-  if m.magic in {mArrPut, mArrGet} and value.kind in arrPutGetMagicApplies:
-    value = value.last
-  
-  let old = existingBinding(m, key)
-  if old != key:
-    # check previously bound value
-    if not matchType(c, old, value, m):
-      return false
-  elif key.hasElementType and not key.elementType.isNil and key.elementType.kind != tyNone:
-    # check constaint
-    if matchType(c, unrollGenericParam(key), value, m) == false:
-      return false
-  
-  when logBindings: echo "bind table adding '", key, "', ", value
-  assert value != nil
-  assert value.kind != tyVoid
-  m.bindings.put(key, value)
-  return true
-
-proc defSignatureType(n: PNode): PType = n[0].sym.typ
-
-proc conceptBody*(n: PType): PNode = n.n.lastSon
-
-proc acceptsAllTypes(t: PType): bool=
-  result = false
-  if t.kind == tyAnything:
-    result = true
-  elif t.kind == tyGenericParam:
-    if tfImplicitTypeParam in t.flags:
-      result = true
-    if not t.hasElementType or t.elementType.kind == tyNone:
-      result = true
-
-proc procDefSignature(s: PSym): PNode {. deprecated .} = 
-  var nc = s.ast.copyNode()
-  for i in 0 .. 5:
-    nc.add s.ast[i]
-  nc
-
-proc matchKids(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon, start=0): bool=
-  result = true
-  for i in start ..< f.kidsLen - ord(f.kind in {tyGenericInst, tyGenericInvocation}):
-    if not matchType(c, f[i], a[i], m): return false
-
-iterator traverseTyOr(t: PType): PType {. closure .}=
-  for i in t.kids:
-    case i.kind:
-    of tyGenericParam:
-      if i.hasElementType:
-        for s in traverseTyOr(i.elementType):
-          yield s
-      else:
-        yield i
-    else:
-      yield i
-
-proc matchConceptToImpl(c: PContext, f, potentialImpl: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
-  assert not(potentialImpl.reduceToBase.kind == tyConcept)
-  let concpt = f.reduceToBase
-
-  # Handle self-referential concepts: when a concept references itself in its body
-  # (e.g., `A = concept; proc test(x: Self, y: A)`), the inner type A has n=nil.
-  # We detect this by checking if the concept has the same symbol name as the
-  # one we're currently matching and has no body (n=nil).
-  if concpt.n.isNil:
-    if concpt.sym != nil and m.concpt.sym != nil and
-       concpt.sym == m.concpt.sym:
-      # Self-reference: check if potentialImpl matches what we're already checking
-      return potentialImpl.id == m.potentialImplementation.id
-    # Concept without body that's not a self-reference - cannot match
-    return false
-
-  # Cycle detection: track (concept, type) pairs to prevent infinite recursion.
-  # Returns true on cycle (coinductive semantics) to support co-dependent concepts.
-  let pair: ConceptTypePair = (concpt.itemId, potentialImpl.itemId)
-  if pair in m.marker:
-    return true
-  m.marker.incl pair
-
-  var efPot = potentialImpl
-  if potentialImpl.isSelf:
-    if m.concpt.n == concpt.n:
-      m.marker.excl pair
-      return true
-    efPot = m.potentialImplementation
-
-  var oldBindings = m.bindings
-  m.bindings = newTypeMapLayer(m.bindings)
-  let oldPotentialImplementation = m.potentialImplementation
-  m.potentialImplementation = efPot
-  let oldConcept = m.concpt
-  m.concpt = concpt
-
-  var invocation: PType = nil
-  if f.kind in {tyGenericInvocation, tyGenericInst}:
-    invocation = f
-  result = processConcept(c, concpt, invocation, oldBindings, m)
-  m.potentialImplementation = oldPotentialImplementation
-  m.concpt = oldConcept
-  m.bindings = oldBindings
-  m.marker.excl pair
-
-proc cmpConceptDefs(c: PContext, fn, an: PNode, m: var MatchCon): bool=
-  if fn.kind != an.kind:
-    return false
-  if fn[namePos].sym.name != an[namePos].sym.name:
-    return false
-  let
-    ft = fn.defSignatureType
-    at = an.defSignatureType
-  if ft.len != at.len:
-    return false
-  
-  for i in 1 ..< ft.n.len:
-    m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
-    
-    let aType = at.n[i].typ
-    let fType = ft.n[i].typ
-    
-    if aType.isSelf and fType.isSelf:
-      continue
-    
-    if not matchType(c, fType, aType, m):
-      m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
-      return false
-  result = true
-  if not matchReturnType(c, ft.returnType, at.returnType, m):
-    m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
-    result = false
-
-proc conceptsMatch(c: PContext, fc, ac: PType; m: var MatchCon): MatchKind =
-  # XXX: In the future this may need extra parameters to carry info for container types
-  if fc.n == ac.n:
-    # This will have to take generic parameters into account at some point
-    return mkSame
-  let
-    fn = fc.conceptBody
-    an = ac.conceptBody
-    sameLen = fc.len == ac.len
-  var match = false
-  for fdef in fn:
-    var cmpResult = false
-    for ia, ndef in an:
-      match = cmpConceptDefs(c, fdef, ndef, m)
-      if match:
-        break
-    if not match:
-      return mkNoMatch
-  return mkSubset
-
-proc isObjectSubtype(f, a: PType): bool =
-  var t = a
-  result = false
-  while t != nil:
-    t = t.baseClass
-    if t == nil:
-      break
-    t = t.skipTypes({tyPtr,tyRef})
-    if t == nil:
-      break
-    if t.kind != tyObject:
-      break
-    if sameObjectTypes(f, t):
-      result = true
-      break
-
-proc matchType(c: PContext; fo, ao: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
+proc matchType(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   ## The heart of the concept matching process. 'f' is the formal parameter of some
   ## routine inside the concept that we're looking for. 'a' is the formal parameter
   ## of a routine that might match.
-  
-  var
-    a = ao
-    f = fo
-  if a.isSelf:
-    if m.magic in {mArrPut, mArrGet}:
-      return false
-    a = m.potentialImplementation
-  if a.kind in bindableTypes:
-    a = existingBinding(m, ao)
-    if a == ao and a.kind == tyGenericParam and a.hasElementType and a.elementType.kind != tyNone:
-      a = a.elementType
-  
-  if f.isConcept:
-    if a.acceptsAllTypes:
-      return false
-    if a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType).isConcept:
-      # if f is a subset of a then any match to a will also match f. Not the other way around
-      return conceptsMatch(c, a.reduceToBase, f.reduceToBase, m) >= mkSubset
-    else:
-      return matchConceptToImpl(c, f, a, m)
-  
-  result = false
-
+  const
+    ignorableForArgType = {tyVar, tySink, tyLent, tyOwned, tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tyInferred}
   case f.kind
   of tyAlias:
     result = matchType(c, f.skipModifier, a, m)
   of tyTypeDesc:
     if isSelf(f):
-      let ua = a.skipTypes(asymmetricConceptParamMods)
-      if m.magic in {mArrPut, mArrGet}:
-        if m.potentialImplementation.reduceToBase.kind in arrPutGetMagicApplies:
-          bindParam(c, m, a, last m.potentialImplementation)
-          result = true
-      #elif ua.isConcept:
-      #  result = matchType(c, m.concpt, ua, m)
-      else:
-        result = matchType(c, a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType), m.potentialImplementation, m)
+      #let oldLen = m.inferred.len
+      result = matchType(c, a, m.potentialImplementation, m)
+      #echo "self is? ", result, " ", a.kind, " ", a, " ", m.potentialImplementation, " ", m.potentialImplementation.kind
+      #m.inferred.setLen oldLen
+      #echo "A for ", result, " to ", typeToString(a), " to ", typeToString(m.potentialImplementation)
     else:
-      if a.kind == tyTypeDesc:
-        if not(a.hasElementType) or a.elementType.kind == tyNone:
-          result = true
-        elif f.hasElementType:
+      if a.kind == tyTypeDesc and f.hasElementType == a.hasElementType:
+        if f.hasElementType:
           result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a.elementType, m)
+        else:
+          result = true # both lack it
+      else:
+        result = false
+
+  of tyGenericInvocation:
+    result = false
+    if a.kind == tyGenericInst and a.genericHead.kind == tyGenericBody:
+      if sameType(f.genericHead, a.genericHead) and f.kidsLen == a.kidsLen-1:
+        for i in FirstGenericParamAt ..< f.kidsLen:
+          if not matchType(c, f[i], a[i], m): return false
+        return true
+  of tyGenericParam:
+    let ak = a.skipTypes({tyVar, tySink, tyLent, tyOwned})
+    if ak.kind in {tyTypeDesc, tyStatic} and not isSelf(ak):
+      result = false
+    else:
+      let old = existingBinding(m, f)
+      if old == nil:
+        if f.hasElementType and f.elementType.kind != tyNone:
+          # also check the generic's constraints:
+          let oldLen = m.inferred.len
+          result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a, m)
+          m.inferred.setLen oldLen
+          if result:
+            when logBindings: echo "A adding ", f, " ", ak
+            m.inferred.add((f, ak))
+        elif m.magic == mArrGet and ak.kind in {tyArray, tyOpenArray, tySequence, tyVarargs, tyCstring, tyString}:
+          when logBindings: echo "B adding ", f, " ", lastSon ak
+          m.inferred.add((f, last ak))
+          result = true
+        else:
+          when logBindings: echo "C adding ", f, " ", ak
+          m.inferred.add((f, ak))
+          #echo "binding ", typeToString(ak), " to ", typeToString(f)
+          result = true
+      elif not m.marker.containsOrIncl(old.id):
+        result = matchType(c, old, ak, m)
+        if m.magic == mArrPut and ak.kind == tyGenericParam:
+          result = true
+      else:
+        result = false
+    #echo "B for ", result, " to ", typeToString(a), " to ", typeToString(m.potentialImplementation)
+
   of tyVar, tySink, tyLent, tyOwned:
     # modifiers in the concept must be there in the actual implementation
     # too but not vice versa.
@@ -352,136 +159,70 @@ proc matchType(c: PContext; fo, ao: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
       result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a.elementType, m)
     elif m.magic == mArrPut:
       result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a, m)
-  of tyEnum, tyObject, tyDistinct:
-    if a.kind in ignorableForArgType:
-      result = matchType(c, f, a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType), m)
     else:
-      if a.kind == tyGenericInst:
-        # tyOr does this to generic typeclasses
-        result = a.base.sym == f.sym
-      else:
-        result = sameType(f, a)
-      if not result and f.kind == tyObject and a.kind == tyObject:
-        result = isObjectSubtype(f, a)
+      result = false
+  of tyEnum, tyObject, tyDistinct:
+    result = sameType(f, a)
   of tyEmpty, tyString, tyCstring, tyPointer, tyNil, tyUntyped, tyTyped, tyVoid:
     result = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType).kind == f.kind
   of tyBool, tyChar, tyInt..tyUInt64:
     let ak = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType)
     result = ak.kind == f.kind or ak.kind == tyOrdinal or
-      (ak.kind == tyGenericParam and ak.hasElementType and ak.elementType.kind == tyOrdinal)
-  of tyArray, tyTuple, tyVarargs, tyOpenArray, tyRange, tySequence, tyRef, tyPtr:
-    if f.kind == tyArray and f.kidsLen == 3 and a.kind == tyArray:
-      # XXX: this is a work-around!
-      # system.nim creates these for the magic array typeclass
-      result = true
-    else:
-      let ak = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType - {f.kind})
-      if ak.kind == f.kind:
-        if f.base.kind == tyNone:
-          result = true
-        elif f.kidsLen == ak.kidsLen:
-          result = matchKids(c, f, ak, m)
-  of tyGenericInvocation, tyGenericInst:
+       (ak.kind == tyGenericParam and ak.hasElementType and ak.elementType.kind == tyOrdinal)
+  of tyConcept:
+    let oldLen = m.inferred.len
+    let oldPotentialImplementation = m.potentialImplementation
+    m.potentialImplementation = a
+    result = conceptMatchNode(c, f.n.lastSon, m)
+    m.potentialImplementation = oldPotentialImplementation
+    if not result:
+      m.inferred.setLen oldLen
+  of tyArray, tyTuple, tyVarargs, tyOpenArray, tyRange, tySequence, tyRef, tyPtr,
+     tyGenericInst:
+    # ^ XXX Rewrite this logic, it's more complex than it needs to be.
     result = false
-    let ea = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType)
-    if ea.kind in {tyGenericInst, tyGenericInvocation}:
-      var
-        k1 = f.kidsLen - ord(f.kind == tyGenericInst)
-        k2 = ea.kidsLen - ord(ea.kind == tyGenericInst)
-      if sameType(f.genericHead, ea.genericHead) and k1 == k2:
-        result = true
-        for i in 1 ..< k2:
-          if not matchType(c, f[i], ea[i], m):
-            result = false
-            break
-    elif f.kind == tyGenericInvocation:
-      # bind potential generic constraints into body
-      let body = f.base
-      for i in 1 ..< len(f):
-        bindParam(c,m,body[i-1], f[i])
-      result = matchType(c, body, a, m)
-    else: # tyGenericInst
-      result = matchType(c, f.last, a, m)
-  of tyOrdinal:
-    result = isOrdinalType(a, allowEnumWithHoles = false) or a.kind == tyGenericParam
-  of tyStatic:
-    var scomp = f.base
-    if scomp.kind == tyGenericParam:
-      if f.base.kidsLen > 0:
-        scomp = scomp.base
-    if a.kind == tyStatic:
-      result = matchType(c, scomp, a.base, m)
-    else:
-      result = matchType(c, scomp, a, m)
-  of tyGenericParam:
-    if a.acceptsAllTypes:
-      discard bindParam(c, m, f, a)
-      result = f.acceptsAllTypes
-    else:
-      result = bindParam(c, m, f, a)
-  of tyAnything:
-    result = true
-  of tyNot:
-    if a.kind == tyNot:
-      result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a.elementType, m)
-    else:
-      m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
-      result = not matchType(c, f.elementType, a, m)
-      m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
-  of tyAnd:
-    m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
-    result = true
-    for ff in traverseTyOr(f):
-      let r = matchType(c, ff, a, m)
-      if not r:
-        m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
-        result = false
-        break
-  of tyGenericBody:
-    var ak = a
-    if a.kind == tyGenericBody:
-      ak = last(a)
-    result = matchType(c, last(f), ak, m)
-  of tyCompositeTypeClass:
-    if a.kind == tyCompositeTypeClass:
-      result = matchKids(c, f, a, m)
-    else:
-      result = matchType(c, last(f), a, m)
-  of tyBuiltInTypeClass:
-    let target = f.genericHead.kind
-    result = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType).reduceToBase.kind == target
+    let ak = a.skipTypes(ignorableForArgType - {f.kind})
+    if ak.kind == f.kind and f.kidsLen == ak.kidsLen:
+      for i in 0..<ak.kidsLen:
+        if not matchType(c, f[i], ak[i], m): return false
+      return true
   of tyOr:
+    let oldLen = m.inferred.len
     if a.kind == tyOr:
+      # say the concept requires 'int|float|string' if the potentialImplementation
+      # says 'int|string' that is good enough.
       var covered = 0
-      for ff in traverseTyOr(f):
-        for aa in traverseTyOr(a):
-          m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
+      for ff in f.kids:
+        for aa in a.kids:
+          let oldLenB = m.inferred.len
           let r = matchType(c, ff, aa, m)
           if r:
             inc covered
             break
-          m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
+          m.inferred.setLen oldLenB
 
       result = covered >= a.kidsLen
+      if not result:
+        m.inferred.setLen oldLen
     else:
+      result = false
       for ff in f.kids:
-        m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
         result = matchType(c, ff, a, m)
         if result: break # and remember the binding!
-        m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
-  of tySet:
-    result = false
-    if a.kind == tySet:
+        m.inferred.setLen oldLen
+  of tyNot:
+    if a.kind == tyNot:
       result = matchType(c, f.elementType, a.elementType, m)
+    else:
+      let oldLen = m.inferred.len
+      result = not matchType(c, f.elementType, a, m)
+      m.inferred.setLen oldLen
+  of tyAnything:
+    result = true
+  of tyOrdinal:
+    result = isOrdinalType(a, allowEnumWithHoles = false) or a.kind == tyGenericParam
   else:
     result = false
-  if result and ao.kind == tyGenericParam:
-    let bf = if f.isSelf: m.potentialImplementation else: f
-    if bindParam(c, m, ao, bf):
-      when logBindings: echo " ^ reverse binding"
-
-proc checkConstraint(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
-  result = matchType(c, f, a, m) or matchType(c, a, f, m)
 
 proc matchReturnType(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   ## Like 'matchType' but with extra logic dealing with proc return types
@@ -491,38 +232,30 @@ proc matchReturnType(c: PContext; f, a: PType; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   elif a == nil:
     result = false
   else:
-    result = checkConstraint(c, f, a, m)
+    result = matchType(c, f, a, m)
 
 proc matchSym(c: PContext; candidate: PSym, n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   ## Checks if 'candidate' matches 'n' from the concept body. 'n' is a nkProcDef
   ## or similar.
 
   # watch out: only add bindings after a completely successful match.
-  m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
+  let oldLen = m.inferred.len
 
   let can = candidate.typ.n
-  let con = defSignatureType(n).n
+  let con = n[0].sym.typ.n
+
   if can.len < con.len:
     # too few arguments, cannot be a match:
     return false
-  
-  if can.len > con.len:
-    # too many arguments (not optional)
-    for i in con.len ..< can.len:
-      if can[i].sym.ast == nil:
-        return false
-  
-  when defined(debugConcepts):
-    echo "considering: ", renderTree(candidate.procDefSignature), " ", candidate.magic
-  
+
   let common = min(can.len, con.len)
   for i in 1 ..< common:
-    if not checkConstraint(c, con[i].typ, can[i].typ, m):
-      m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
+    if not matchType(c, con[i].typ, can[i].typ, m):
+      m.inferred.setLen oldLen
       return false
-  
-  if not matchReturnType(c, n.defSignatureType.returnType, candidate.typ.returnType, m):
-    m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
+
+  if not matchReturnType(c, n[0].sym.typ.returnType, candidate.typ.returnType, m):
+    m.inferred.setLen oldLen
     return false
 
   # all other parameters have to be optional parameters:
@@ -530,7 +263,7 @@ proc matchSym(c: PContext; candidate: PSym, n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool =
     assert can[i].kind == nkSym
     if can[i].sym.ast == nil:
       # has too many arguments one of which is not optional:
-      m.bindings.setToPreviousLayer()
+      m.inferred.setLen oldLen
       return false
 
   return true
@@ -538,14 +271,12 @@ proc matchSym(c: PContext; candidate: PSym, n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool =
 proc matchSyms(c: PContext, n: PNode; kinds: set[TSymKind]; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   ## Walk the current scope, extract candidates which the same name as 'n[namePos]',
   ## 'n' is the nkProcDef or similar from the concept that we try to match.
-  result = false
-  var candidates = searchScopes(c, n[namePos].sym.name, kinds)
-  searchImportsAll(c, n[namePos].sym.name, kinds, candidates)
+  let candidates = searchInScopesAllCandidatesFilterBy(c, n[namePos].sym.name, kinds)
   for candidate in candidates:
+    #echo "considering ", typeToString(candidate.typ), " ", candidate.magic
     m.magic = candidate.magic
-    if matchSym(c, candidate, n, m):
-      result = true
-      break
+    if matchSym(c, candidate, n, m): return true
+  result = false
 
 proc conceptMatchNode(c: PContext; n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool =
   ## Traverse the concept's AST ('n') and see if every declaration inside 'n'
@@ -578,48 +309,7 @@ proc conceptMatchNode(c: PContext; n: PNode; m: var MatchCon): bool =
     # error was reported earlier.
     result = false
 
-proc fixBindings(bindings: var LayeredIdTable; concpt: PType; invocation: PType; m: var MatchCon) =
-  # invocation != nil means we have a non-atomic concept:
-  if invocation != nil and invocation.kind == tyGenericInvocation:
-    assert concpt.sym.typ.kind == tyGenericBody
-    
-    for i in 0 .. concpt.sym.typ.len - 1:
-      let thisSym = concpt.sym.typ[i]
-      if lookup(bindings, thisSym) != nil:
-        # dont trust the bindings over existing ones
-        continue
-      let found = m.bindings.lookup(thisSym)
-      if found != nil:
-        when logBindings: echo "Invocation bind: ", thisSym, " ", found
-        bindings.put(thisSym, found)
-    
-    # bind even more generic parameters
-    let genBody = invocation.base
-    assert genBody.kind == tyGenericBody
-    for i in FirstGenericParamAt ..< invocation.kidsLen:
-      let bpram = genBody[i - 1]
-      if lookup(bindings, invocation[i]) != nil:
-        # dont trust the bindings over existing ones
-        continue
-      let boundV = lookup(bindings, bpram)
-      when logBindings: echo "generic body bind: '", invocation[i], "' '", boundV, "'"
-      if boundV != nil:
-        bindings.put(invocation[i], boundV)
-  bindings.put(concpt, m.potentialImplementation)
-
-proc processConcept(c: PContext; concpt, invocation: PType, bindings: var LayeredIdTable; m: var MatchCon): bool =
-  m.bindings = m.bindings.newTypeMapLayer()
-  if invocation != nil and invocation.kind == tyGenericInst:
-    let genericBody = invocation.base
-    for i in 1..<invocation.kidsLen-1:
-      # instGenericContainer can bind `tyVoid`
-      if invocation[i].kind != tyVoid:
-        bindParam(c, m, genericBody[i-1], invocation[i])
-  result = conceptMatchNode(c, concpt.conceptBody, m)
-  if result and mfDontBind notin m.flags:
-    fixBindings(bindings, concpt, invocation, m)
-
-proc conceptMatch*(c: PContext; concpt, arg: PType; bindings: var LayeredIdTable; invocation: PType, flags: set[MatchFlags] = {}): bool =
+proc conceptMatch*(c: PContext; concpt, arg: PType; bindings: var TypeMapping; invocation: PType): bool =
   ## Entry point from sigmatch. 'concpt' is the concept we try to match (here still a PType but
   ## we extract its AST via 'concpt.n.lastSon'). 'arg' is the type that might fulfill the
   ## concept's requirements. If so, we return true and fill the 'bindings' with pairs of
@@ -628,16 +318,26 @@ proc conceptMatch*(c: PContext; concpt, arg: PType; bindings: var LayeredIdTable
   ## `C[S, T]` parent type that we look for. We need this because we need to store bindings
   ## for 'S' and 'T' inside 'bindings' on a successful match. It is very important that
   ## we do not add any bindings at all on an unsuccessful match!
-  var m = MatchCon(bindings: bindings, potentialImplementation: arg, concpt: concpt, flags: flags, marker: initHashSet[ConceptTypePair]())
-  if arg.isConcept:
-    result = conceptsMatch(c, concpt.reduceToBase, arg.reduceToBase, m) >= mkSubset
-  elif arg.acceptsAllTypes:
-    # XXX: I think this is wrong, or at least partially wrong. Can still test ambiguous types
-    result = false
-  elif mfCheckGeneric in m.flags:
-    # prioritize concepts the least. Specifically if the arg is not a catch all as per above
-    result = true
-  else:
-    result = processConcept(c, concpt, invocation, bindings, m)
-
-  
+  var m = MatchCon(inferred: @[], potentialImplementation: arg)
+  result = conceptMatchNode(c, concpt.n.lastSon, m)
+  if result:
+    for (a, b) in m.inferred:
+      if b.kind == tyGenericParam:
+        var dest = b
+        while true:
+          dest = existingBinding(m, dest)
+          if dest == nil or dest.kind != tyGenericParam: break
+        if dest != nil:
+          bindings.idTablePut(a, dest)
+          when logBindings: echo "A bind ", a, " ", dest
+      else:
+        bindings.idTablePut(a, b)
+        when logBindings: echo "B bind ", a, " ", b
+    # we have a match, so bind 'arg' itself to 'concpt':
+    bindings.idTablePut(concpt, arg)
+    # invocation != nil means we have a non-atomic concept:
+    if invocation != nil and arg.kind == tyGenericInst and invocation.kidsLen == arg.kidsLen-1:
+      # bind even more generic parameters
+      assert invocation.kind == tyGenericInvocation
+      for i in FirstGenericParamAt ..< invocation.kidsLen:
+        bindings.idTablePut(invocation[i], arg[i])

compiler/condsyms.nim

@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ proc initDefines*(symbols: StringTableRef) =
   defineSymbol("nimHasEnsureMove")
   defineSymbol("nimHasNoReturnError")
 
-  defineSymbol("nimUseStrictDefs") # deadcode
+  defineSymbol("nimUseStrictDefs")
   defineSymbol("nimHasNolineTooLong")
 
   defineSymbol("nimHasCastExtendedVm")
@@ -169,11 +169,3 @@ proc initDefines*(symbols: StringTableRef) =
   defineSymbol("nimHasGenericsOpenSym2")
   defineSymbol("nimHasGenericsOpenSym3")
   defineSymbol("nimHasJsNoLambdaLifting")
-  defineSymbol("nimHasDefaultFloatRoundtrip")
-  defineSymbol("nimHasXorSet")
-
-  defineSymbol("nimHasSetLengthSeqUninitMagic")
-  defineSymbol("nimHasPreviewDuplicateModuleError")
-
-  defineSymbol("nimHasImplicitRangeConversion")
-

compiler/dfa.nim

@@ -439,8 +439,8 @@ proc gen(c: var Con; n: PNode) =
     genUse(c, n)
   of nkIfStmt, nkIfExpr: genIf(c, n)
   of nkWhenStmt:
-    # This is "when nimvm" node. Chose the second branch.
-    gen(c, n[1][0])
+    # This is "when nimvm" node. Chose the first branch.
+    gen(c, n[0][1])
   of nkCaseStmt: genCase(c, n)
   of nkWhileStmt: genWhile(c, n)
   of nkBlockExpr, nkBlockStmt: genBlock(c, n)
@@ -483,7 +483,7 @@ proc constructCfg*(s: PSym; body: PNode; root: PSym): ControlFlowGraph =
     gen(c, body)
     if root.kind == skResult:
       genImplicitReturn(c)
-  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc) or defined(gcYrc):
+  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc):
     result = c.code # will move
   else:
     shallowCopy(result, c.code)

compiler/docgen.nim

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import
   wordrecg, syntaxes, renderer, lexer,
   packages/docutils/[rst, rstidx, rstgen, dochelpers],
   trees, types,
-  typesrenderer, lineinfos,
+  typesrenderer, astalgo, lineinfos,
   pathutils, nimpaths, renderverbatim, packages
 import packages/docutils/rstast except FileIndex, TLineInfo
 
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ proc add(dest: var ItemPre, str: string) = dest.add ItemFragment(isRst: false, s
 
 proc addRstFileIndex(d: PDoc, fileIndex: lineinfos.FileIndex): rstast.FileIndex =
   let invalid = rstast.FileIndex(-1)
-  result = d.nimToRstFid.getOrDefault(fileIndex, invalid)
+  result = d.nimToRstFid.getOrDefault(fileIndex, default = invalid)
   if result == invalid:
     let fname = toFullPath(d.conf, fileIndex)
     result = addFilename(d.sharedState, fname)
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ proc cmpDecimalsIgnoreCase(a, b: string): int =
         limitB = iB
       while limitA < aLen and isDigit(a[limitA]): inc limitA
       while limitB < bLen and isDigit(b[limitB]): inc limitB
-      var pos = max(limitA-iA, limitB-iB)
+      var pos = max(limitA-iA, limitB-iA)
       while pos > 0:
         if limitA-pos < iA:  # digit in `a` is 0 effectively
           result = ord('0') - ord(b[limitB-pos])
@@ -433,9 +433,6 @@ proc getVarIdx(varnames: openArray[string], id: string): int =
 
 proc genComment(d: PDoc, n: PNode): PRstNode =
   if n.comment.len > 0:
-    if optDocRaw in d.conf.globalOptions:
-      return newRstLeaf(n.comment)
-
     d.sharedState.currFileIdx = addRstFileIndex(d, n.info)
     try:
       result = parseRst(n.comment,
@@ -540,11 +537,10 @@ proc nodeToHighlightedHtml(d: PDoc; n: PNode; result: var string;
       elif s != nil and s.kind in {skType, skVar, skLet, skConst} and
            sfExported in s.flags and s.owner != nil and
            belongsToProjectPackage(d.conf, s.owner) and d.target == outHtml:
-        let href = (if d.module == s.owner: ""
-            else: externalDep(d, s.owner).changeFileExt("html")
-          ) & "#" & literal
-        result.addf "<a href=\"$1\"><span class=\"Identifier\">$2</span></a>",
-            [href, escLit]
+        let external = externalDep(d, s.owner)
+        result.addf "<a href=\"$1#$2\"><span class=\"Identifier\">$3</span></a>",
+          [changeFileExt(external, "html"), literal,
+           escLit]
       else:
         dispA(d.conf, result, "<span class=\"Identifier\">$1</span>",
               "\\spanIdentifier{$1}", [escLit])
@@ -834,7 +830,7 @@ proc getName(n: PNode): string =
   of nkAccQuoted:
     result = "`"
     for i in 0..<n.len: result.add(getName(n[i]))
-    result.add('`')
+    result = "`"
   of nkOpenSymChoice, nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSym:
     result = getName(n[0])
   else:
@@ -1180,12 +1176,8 @@ proc genJsonItem(d: PDoc, n, nameNode: PNode, k: TSymKind, nonExports = false):
                    "col": %n.info.col}
   )
   if comm != nil:
-    if optDocRaw in d.conf.globalOptions:
-      result.json["description"] = %comm.text
-    else:
-      result.rst = comm
-      result.rstField = "description"
-
+    result.rst = comm
+    result.rstField = "description"
   if r.buf.len > 0:
     result.json["code"] = %r.buf
   if k in routineKinds:
@@ -1414,19 +1406,16 @@ proc generateDoc*(d: PDoc, n, orig: PNode, config: ConfigRef, docFlags: DocFlags
     for it in n: traceDeps(d, it)
   of nkExportStmt:
     for it in n:
-      if it.kind == nkSym:
-        if d.module != nil and d.module == it.sym.owner:  # in current module
-          # bug #23051; don't generate documentation for exported symbols again
-          if sfExported notin it.sym.flags:
-            generateDoc(d, it.sym.ast, orig, config, kForceExport)
-          # else it's to be handled in `of XxxSection` branch
+      # bug #23051; don't generate documentation for exported symbols again
+      if it.kind == nkSym and sfExported notin it.sym.flags:
+        if d.module != nil and d.module == it.sym.owner:
+          generateDoc(d, it.sym.ast, orig, config, kForceExport)
         elif it.sym.ast != nil:
-          # only export symbols in imported modules, not in current module
           exportSym(d, it.sym)
   of nkExportExceptStmt: discard "transformed into nkExportStmt by semExportExcept"
   of nkFromStmt, nkImportExceptStmt: traceDeps(d, n[0])
   of nkCallKinds:
-    var comm = default(ItemPre)
+    var comm: ItemPre = default(ItemPre)
     getAllRunnableExamples(d, n, comm)
     if comm.len != 0: d.modDescPre.add(comm)
   else: discard
@@ -1900,9 +1889,6 @@ proc commandJson*(cache: IdentCache, conf: ConfigRef) =
   else:
     #echo getOutFile(gProjectFull, JsonExt)
     let filename = getOutFile(conf, RelativeFile conf.projectName, JsonExt)
-    conf.outFile = filename.relativeTo(conf.outDir)
-    let dir = filename.splitFile.dir
-    createDir(dir)
     try:
       writeFile(filename, content)
     except IOError:
@@ -1923,10 +1909,8 @@ proc commandTags*(cache: IdentCache, conf: ConfigRef) =
   if optStdout in d.conf.globalOptions:
     write(stdout, content)
   else:
+    #echo getOutFile(gProjectFull, TagsExt)
     let filename = getOutFile(conf, RelativeFile conf.projectName, TagsExt)
-    conf.outFile = filename.relativeTo(conf.outDir)
-    let dir = filename.splitFile.dir
-    createDir(dir)
     try:
       writeFile(filename, content)
     except IOError:

compiler/enumtostr.nim

@@ -33,10 +33,6 @@ proc genEnumToStrProc*(t: PType; info: TLineInfo; g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGener
     caseStmt.add newTree(nkOfBranch, newIntTypeNode(field.position, t),
       newTree(nkStmtList, newTree(nkFastAsgn, newSymNode(res), newStrNode(val, info))))
     #newIntTypeNode(nkIntLit, field.position, t)
-  # safety branch for invalid data:
-  caseStmt.add newTree(nkElse,
-    newTree(nkStmtList, newTree(nkFastAsgn, newSymNode(res),
-      newStrNode("", info))))
 
   body.add(caseStmt)
 
@@ -47,8 +43,8 @@ proc genEnumToStrProc*(t: PType; info: TLineInfo; g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGener
   n[bodyPos] = body
   n[resultPos] = newSymNode(res)
   result.ast = n
-  incl result.flagsImpl, {sfFromGeneric, sfNeverRaises}
-  setHookDisamb(g, result, "$enumtostr", t)
+  incl result.flags, sfFromGeneric
+  incl result.flags, sfNeverRaises
 
 proc searchObjCaseImpl(obj: PNode; field: PSym): PNode =
   case obj.kind
@@ -110,4 +106,5 @@ proc genCaseObjDiscMapping*(t: PType; field: PSym; info: TLineInfo; g: ModuleGra
   n[bodyPos] = body
   n[resultPos] = newSymNode(res)
   result.ast = n
-  incl result.flagsImpl, {sfFromGeneric, sfNeverRaises}
+  incl result.flags, sfFromGeneric
+  incl result.flags, sfNeverRaises

compiler/evaltempl.nim

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ proc evalTemplateAux(templ, actual: PNode, c: var TemplCtx, result: PNode) =
         if x == nil:
           x = copySym(s, c.idgen)
           # sem'check needs to set the owner properly later, see bug #9476
-          setOwner(x, nil) # c.genSymOwner
+          x.owner = nil # c.genSymOwner
           #if x.kind == skParam and x.owner.kind == skModule:
           #  internalAssert c.config, false
           idTablePut(c.mapping, s, x)

compiler/extccomp.nim

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ type
 
 # Configuration settings for various compilers.
 # When adding new compilers, the cmake sources could be a good reference:
-# https://cmake.org/gitweb?p=cmake.git;a=tree;f=Modules/Platform;
+# http://cmake.org/gitweb?p=cmake.git;a=tree;f=Modules/Platform;
 
 template compiler(name, settings: untyped): untyped =
   proc name: TInfoCC {.compileTime.} = settings
@@ -162,11 +162,7 @@ compiler vcc:
     linkerExe: "cl",
     linkTmpl: "$builddll$vccplatform /Fe$exefile $objfiles $buildgui /nologo $options",
     includeCmd: " /I",
-    # HACK: we call `cl` so we have to pass `/link` for linker options,
-    # but users may still want to pass arguments to `cl` (see #14221)
-    # to deal with this, we add `/link` before each `/LIBPATH`,
-    # the linker ignores extra `/link`s since it's an unrecognized argument
-    linkDirCmd: " /link /LIBPATH:",
+    linkDirCmd: " /LIBPATH:",
     linkLibCmd: " $1.lib",
     debug: " /RTC1 /Z7 ",
     pic: "",
@@ -257,8 +253,8 @@ compiler tcc:
     linkerExe: "tcc",
     linkTmpl: "-o $exefile $options $buildgui $builddll $objfiles",
     includeCmd: " -I",
-    linkDirCmd: " -L",
-    linkLibCmd: " -l$1",
+    linkDirCmd: "", # XXX: not supported yet
+    linkLibCmd: "", # XXX: not supported yet
     debug: " -g ",
     pic: "",
     asmStmtFrmt: "asm($1);$n",
@@ -341,7 +337,7 @@ proc getConfigVar(conf: ConfigRef; c: TSystemCC, suffix: string): string =
   var fullSuffix = suffix
   case conf.backend
   of backendCpp, backendJs, backendObjc: fullSuffix = "." & $conf.backend & suffix
-  of backendC, backendNif: discard
+  of backendC: discard
   of backendInvalid:
     # during parsing of cfg files; we don't know the backend yet, no point in
     # guessing wrong thing
@@ -474,11 +470,6 @@ proc noAbsolutePaths(conf: ConfigRef): bool {.inline.} =
 proc cFileSpecificOptions(conf: ConfigRef; nimname, fullNimFile: string): string =
   result = conf.compileOptions
 
-  if (conf.cCompiler == ccGcc or conf.cCompiler == ccCLang) and
-       conf.selectedGC == gcRefc:
-    # bug #10625
-    addOpt(result, "-fno-omit-frame-pointer")
-
   for option in conf.compileOptionsCmd:
     if strutils.find(result, option, 0) < 0:
       addOpt(result, option)
@@ -786,7 +777,7 @@ proc getLinkCmd(conf: ConfigRef; output: AbsoluteFile,
     # https://blog.molecular-matters.com/2017/05/09/deleting-pdb-files-locked-by-visual-studio/
     # and a bit about the .pdb format in case that is ever needed:
     # https://github.com/crosire/blink
-    # https://www.debuginfo.com/articles/debuginfomatch.html#pdbfiles
+    # http://www.debuginfo.com/articles/debuginfomatch.html#pdbfiles
     if conf.hcrOn and isVSCompatible(conf):
       let t = now()
       let pdb = output.string & "." & format(t, "MMMM-yyyy-HH-mm-") & $t.nanosecond & ".pdb"
@@ -810,59 +801,6 @@ template tryExceptOSErrorMessage(conf: ConfigRef; errorPrefix: string = "", body
         (ose.msg & " " & $ose.errorCode))
     raise
 
-proc createMacAppBundle(conf: ConfigRef; exefile: AbsoluteFile) =
-  let (dir, name, _) = splitFile(exefile.string)
-  let appBundleName = name & ".app"
-  let appBundlePath = dir / appBundleName
-  let contentsPath = appBundlePath / "Contents"
-  let macosPath = contentsPath / "MacOS"
-
-  createDir(macosPath)
-
-  let bundleExePath = macosPath / name
-  copyFileWithPermissions(exefile.string, bundleExePath)
-
-  let infoPlistPath = contentsPath / "Info.plist"
-
-  proc xmlEscape(s: string): string =
-    result = newStringOfCap(s.len)
-    for c in items(s):
-      case c:
-      of '<': result.add("&lt;")
-      of '>': result.add("&gt;")
-      of '&': result.add("&amp;")
-      of '"': result.add("&quot;")
-      of '\'': result.add("&apos;")
-      else:
-        if ord(c) < 32:
-          result.add("&#" & $ord(c) & ';')
-        else:
-          result.add(c)
-
-  let escapedName = xmlEscape(name)
-  let infoPlistContent = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-<dict>
-  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
-  <string>$1</string>
-  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
-  <string>com.nim.$1</string>
-  <key>CFBundleName</key>
-  <string>$1</string>
-  <key>CFBundlePackageType</key>
-  <string>APPL</string>
-  <key>LSUIElement</key>
-  <string>1</string>
-</dict>
-</plist>""" % [escapedName]
-
-  writeFile(infoPlistPath, infoPlistContent)
-
-  removeFile(exefile.string)
-
-  rawMessage(conf, hintUserRaw, "Created Mac app bundle: " & appBundlePath)
-
 proc getExtraCmds(conf: ConfigRef; output: AbsoluteFile): seq[string] =
   result = @[]
   when defined(macosx):
@@ -1047,10 +985,6 @@ proc callCCompiler*(conf: ConfigRef) =
         preventLinkCmdMaxCmdLen(conf, linkCmd)
         for cmd in extraCmds:
           execExternalProgram(conf, cmd, hintExecuting)
-        # create Mac app bundle for GUI apps on macOS
-        when defined(macosx):
-          if conf.globalOptions * {optGenGuiApp, optGenDynLib, optGenStaticLib} == {optGenGuiApp}:
-            createMacAppBundle(conf, mainOutput)
   else:
     linkCmd = ""
   if optGenScript in conf.globalOptions:
@@ -1066,11 +1000,11 @@ proc jsonBuildInstructionsFile*(conf: ConfigRef): AbsoluteFile =
   # works out of the box with `hashMainCompilationParams`.
   result = getNimcacheDir(conf) / conf.outFile.changeFileExt("json")
 
-const cacheVersion = "D20240927T193831" # update when `BuildCache` spec changes
+const cacheVersion = "D20210525T193831" # update when `BuildCache` spec changes
 type BuildCache = object
   cacheVersion: string
   outputFile: string
-  outputLastModificationTime: string
+  outputChecksum: string
   compile: seq[(string, string)]
   link: seq[string]
   linkcmd: string
@@ -1114,8 +1048,7 @@ proc writeJsonBuildInstructions*(conf: ConfigRef; deps: StringTableRef) =
           bcache.depfiles.add (path, $secureHashFile(path))
 
     bcache.nimexe = hashNimExe()
-    if fileExists(bcache.outputFile):
-      bcache.outputLastModificationTime = $getLastModificationTime(bcache.outputFile)
+    bcache.outputChecksum = $secureHashFile(bcache.outputFile)
   conf.jsonBuildFile = conf.jsonBuildInstructionsFile
   conf.jsonBuildFile.string.writeFile(bcache.toJson.pretty)
 
@@ -1136,7 +1069,7 @@ proc changeDetectedViaJsonBuildInstructions*(conf: ConfigRef; jsonFile: Absolute
     # xxx optimize by returning false if stdin input was the same
   for (file, hash) in bcache.depfiles:
     if $secureHashFile(file) != hash: return true
-  if bcache.outputLastModificationTime != $getLastModificationTime(bcache.outputFile):
+  if bcache.outputChecksum != $secureHashFile(bcache.outputFile):
     return true
 
 proc runJsonBuildInstructions*(conf: ConfigRef; jsonFile: AbsoluteFile) =

compiler/guards.nim

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ proc isLocation(n: PNode): bool = not n.isValue
 
 proc isLet(n: PNode): bool =
   if n.kind == nkSym:
-    if n.sym.kind in {skLet, skConst, skTemp, skForVar}: # guard immutable variables
+    if n.sym.kind in {skLet, skTemp, skForVar}:
       result = true
     elif n.sym.kind == skParam and skipTypes(n.sym.typ,
                                              abstractInst).kind notin {tyVar}:
@@ -1165,12 +1165,8 @@ proc buildProperFieldCheck(access, check: PNode; o: Operators): PNode =
   if check[1].kind == nkCurly:
     result = copyTree(check)
     if access.kind == nkDotExpr:
-      # change the access to the discriminator field access
       var a = copyTree(access)
-      # set field name to discriminator field name
       a[1] = check[2]
-      # set discriminator field type: important for `neg`
-      a.typ = check[2].typ
       result[2] = a
       # 'access.kind != nkDotExpr' can happen for object constructors
       # which we don't check yet

compiler/hlo.nim

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 # This include implements the high level optimization pass.
 # included from sem.nim
 
-proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode, loopDetector: int): PNode
+proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode
 
 proc evalPattern(c: PContext, n, orig: PNode): PNode =
   internalAssert c.config, n.kind == nkCall and n[0].kind == nkSym
@@ -61,11 +61,10 @@ proc applyPatterns(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
         # activate this pattern again:
         c.patterns[i] = pattern
 
-proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode, loopDetector: int): PNode =
+proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
+  inc(c.hloLoopDetector)
   # simply stop and do not perform any further transformations:
-  if loopDetector > 300:
-    message(c.config, n.info, warnUser, "term rewrite macro instantiation too nested")
-    return n
+  if c.hloLoopDetector > 300: return n
   case n.kind
   of nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef, procDefs:
     # already processed (special cases in semstmts.nim)
@@ -81,7 +80,7 @@ proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode, loopDetector: int): PNode =
       # no optimization applied, try subtrees:
       for i in 0..<result.safeLen:
         let a = result[i]
-        let h = hlo(c, a, loopDetector)
+        let h = hlo(c, a)
         if h != a: result[i] = h
     else:
       # perform type checking, so that the replacement still fits:
@@ -91,15 +90,17 @@ proc hlo(c: PContext, n: PNode, loopDetector: int): PNode =
         result = fitNode(c, n.typ, result, n.info)
       # optimization has been applied so check again:
       result = commonOptimizations(c.graph, c.idgen, c.module, result)
-      result = hlo(c, result, loopDetector + 1)
+      result = hlo(c, result)
       result = commonOptimizations(c.graph, c.idgen, c.module, result)
 
 proc hloBody(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # fast exit:
   if c.patterns.len == 0 or optTrMacros notin c.config.options: return n
-  result = hlo(c, n, 0)
+  c.hloLoopDetector = 0
+  result = hlo(c, n)
 
 proc hloStmt(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   # fast exit:
   if c.patterns.len == 0 or optTrMacros notin c.config.options: return n
-  result = hlo(c, n, 0)
+  c.hloLoopDetector = 0
+  result = hlo(c, n)

compiler/ic/bitabs.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+## A BiTable is a table that can be seen as an optimized pair
+## of `(Table[LitId, Val], Table[Val, LitId])`.
+
+import std/hashes
+import rodfiles
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+type
+  LitId* = distinct uint32
+
+  BiTable*[T] = object
+    vals: seq[T] # indexed by LitId
+    keys: seq[LitId]  # indexed by hash(val)
+
+proc initBiTable*[T](): BiTable[T] = BiTable[T](vals: @[], keys: @[])
+
+proc nextTry(h, maxHash: Hash): Hash {.inline.} =
+  result = (h + 1) and maxHash
+
+template maxHash(t): untyped = high(t.keys)
+template isFilled(x: LitId): bool = x.uint32 > 0'u32
+
+proc `$`*(x: LitId): string {.borrow.}
+proc `<`*(x, y: LitId): bool {.borrow.}
+proc `<=`*(x, y: LitId): bool {.borrow.}
+proc `==`*(x, y: LitId): bool {.borrow.}
+proc hash*(x: LitId): Hash {.borrow.}
+
+
+proc len*[T](t: BiTable[T]): int = t.vals.len
+
+proc mustRehash(length, counter: int): bool {.inline.} =
+  assert(length > counter)
+  result = (length * 2 < counter * 3) or (length - counter < 4)
+
+const
+  idStart = 1
+
+template idToIdx(x: LitId): int = x.int - idStart
+
+proc hasLitId*[T](t: BiTable[T]; x: LitId): bool =
+  let idx = idToIdx(x)
+  result = idx >= 0 and idx < t.vals.len
+
+proc enlarge[T](t: var BiTable[T]) =
+  var n: seq[LitId]
+  newSeq(n, len(t.keys) * 2)
+  swap(t.keys, n)
+  for i in 0..high(n):
+    let eh = n[i]
+    if isFilled(eh):
+      var j = hash(t.vals[idToIdx eh]) and maxHash(t)
+      while isFilled(t.keys[j]):
+        j = nextTry(j, maxHash(t))
+      t.keys[j] = move n[i]
+
+proc getKeyId*[T](t: BiTable[T]; v: T): LitId =
+  let origH = hash(v)
+  var h = origH and maxHash(t)
+  if t.keys.len != 0:
+    while true:
+      let litId = t.keys[h]
+      if not isFilled(litId): break
+      if t.vals[idToIdx t.keys[h]] == v: return litId
+      h = nextTry(h, maxHash(t))
+  return LitId(0)
+
+proc getOrIncl*[T](t: var BiTable[T]; v: T): LitId =
+  let origH = hash(v)
+  var h = origH and maxHash(t)
+  if t.keys.len != 0:
+    while true:
+      let litId = t.keys[h]
+      if not isFilled(litId): break
+      if t.vals[idToIdx t.keys[h]] == v: return litId
+      h = nextTry(h, maxHash(t))
+    # not found, we need to insert it:
+    if mustRehash(t.keys.len, t.vals.len):
+      enlarge(t)
+      # recompute where to insert:
+      h = origH and maxHash(t)
+      while true:
+        let litId = t.keys[h]
+        if not isFilled(litId): break
+        h = nextTry(h, maxHash(t))
+  else:
+    setLen(t.keys, 16)
+    h = origH and maxHash(t)
+
+  result = LitId(t.vals.len + idStart)
+  t.keys[h] = result
+  t.vals.add v
+
+
+proc `[]`*[T](t: var BiTable[T]; litId: LitId): var T {.inline.} =
+  let idx = idToIdx litId
+  assert idx < t.vals.len
+  result = t.vals[idx]
+
+proc `[]`*[T](t: BiTable[T]; litId: LitId): lent T {.inline.} =
+  let idx = idToIdx litId
+  assert idx < t.vals.len
+  result = t.vals[idx]
+
+proc hash*[T](t: BiTable[T]): Hash =
+  ## as the keys are hashes of the values, we simply use them instead
+  var h: Hash = 0
+  for i, n in pairs t.keys:
+    h = h !& hash((i, n))
+  result = !$h
+
+proc store*[T](f: var RodFile; t: BiTable[T]) =
+  storeSeq(f, t.vals)
+  storeSeq(f, t.keys)
+
+proc load*[T](f: var RodFile; t: var BiTable[T]) =
+  loadSeq(f, t.vals)
+  loadSeq(f, t.keys)
+
+proc sizeOnDisc*(t: BiTable[string]): int =
+  result = 4
+  for x in t.vals:
+    result += x.len + 4
+  result += t.keys.len * sizeof(LitId)
+
+when isMainModule:
+
+  var t: BiTable[string]
+
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "hello")
+
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "hello")
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "hello3")
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "hello4")
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "helloasfasdfdsa")
+  echo getOrIncl(t, "hello")
+  echo getKeyId(t, "hello")
+  echo getKeyId(t, "none")
+
+  for i in 0 ..< 100_000:
+    discard t.getOrIncl($i & "___" & $i)
+
+  for i in 0 ..< 100_000:
+    assert t.getOrIncl($i & "___" & $i).idToIdx == i + 4
+  echo "begin"
+  echo t.vals.len
+
+  echo t.vals[0]
+  echo t.vals[1004]
+
+  echo "middle"
+
+  var tf: BiTable[float]
+
+  discard tf.getOrIncl(0.4)
+  discard tf.getOrIncl(16.4)
+  discard tf.getOrIncl(32.4)
+  echo getKeyId(tf, 32.4)
+
+  var f2 = open("testblah.bin", fmWrite)
+  echo store(f2, tf)
+  f2.close
+
+  var f1 = open("testblah.bin", fmRead)
+
+  var t2: BiTable[float]
+
+  echo f1.load(t2)
+  echo t2.vals.len
+
+  echo getKeyId(t2, 32.4)
+
+  echo "end"
+
+
+  f1.close

compiler/ic/cbackend.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2021 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## New entry point into our C/C++ code generator. Ideally
+## somebody would rewrite the old backend (which is 8000 lines of crufty Nim code)
+## to work on packed trees directly and produce the C code as an AST which can
+## then be rendered to text in a very simple manner. Unfortunately nobody wrote
+## this code. So instead we wrap the existing cgen.nim and its friends so that
+## we call directly into the existing code generation logic but avoiding the
+## naive, outdated `passes` design. Thus you will see some
+## `useAliveDataFromDce in flags` checks in the old code -- the old code is
+## also doing cross-module dependency tracking and DCE that we don't need
+## anymore. DCE is now done as prepass over the entire packed module graph.
+
+import std/[packedsets, algorithm, tables]
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+import ".."/[ast, options, lineinfos, modulegraphs, cgendata, cgen,
+  pathutils, extccomp, msgs, modulepaths]
+
+import packed_ast, ic, dce, rodfiles
+
+proc unpackTree(g: ModuleGraph; thisModule: int;
+                tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): PNode =
+  var decoder = initPackedDecoder(g.config, g.cache)
+  result = loadNodes(decoder, g.packed, thisModule, tree, n)
+
+proc setupBackendModule(g: ModuleGraph; m: var LoadedModule) =
+  if g.backend == nil:
+    g.backend = cgendata.newModuleList(g)
+  assert g.backend != nil
+  var bmod = cgen.newModule(BModuleList(g.backend), m.module, g.config)
+  bmod.idgen = idgenFromLoadedModule(m)
+
+proc generateCodeForModule(g: ModuleGraph; m: var LoadedModule; alive: var AliveSyms) =
+  var bmod = BModuleList(g.backend).modules[m.module.position]
+  assert bmod != nil
+  bmod.flags.incl useAliveDataFromDce
+  bmod.alive = move alive[m.module.position]
+
+  for p in allNodes(m.fromDisk.topLevel):
+    let n = unpackTree(g, m.module.position, m.fromDisk.topLevel, p)
+    cgen.genTopLevelStmt(bmod, n)
+
+  finalCodegenActions(g, bmod, newNodeI(nkStmtList, m.module.info))
+  for disp in getDispatchers(g):
+    genProcAux(bmod, disp)
+  m.fromDisk.backendFlags = cgen.whichInitProcs(bmod)
+
+proc replayTypeInfo(g: ModuleGraph; m: var LoadedModule; origin: FileIndex) =
+  for x in mitems(m.fromDisk.emittedTypeInfo):
+    #echo "found type ", x, " for file ", int(origin)
+    g.emittedTypeInfo[x] = origin
+
+proc addFileToLink(config: ConfigRef; m: PSym) =
+  let filename = AbsoluteFile toFullPath(config, m.position.FileIndex)
+  let ext =
+      if config.backend == backendCpp: ".nim.cpp"
+      elif config.backend == backendObjc: ".nim.m"
+      else: ".nim.c"
+  let cfile = changeFileExt(completeCfilePath(config,
+                            mangleModuleName(config, filename).AbsoluteFile), ext)
+  let objFile = completeCfilePath(config, toObjFile(config, cfile))
+  if fileExists(objFile):
+    var cf = Cfile(nimname: m.name.s, cname: cfile,
+                   obj: objFile,
+                   flags: {CfileFlag.Cached})
+    addFileToCompile(config, cf)
+
+when defined(debugDce):
+  import os, std/packedsets
+
+proc storeAliveSymsImpl(asymFile: AbsoluteFile; s: seq[int32]) =
+  var f = rodfiles.create(asymFile.string)
+  f.storeHeader()
+  f.storeSection aliveSymsSection
+  f.storeSeq(s)
+  close f
+
+template prepare {.dirty.} =
+  let asymFile = toRodFile(config, AbsoluteFile toFullPath(config, position.FileIndex), ".alivesyms")
+  var s = newSeqOfCap[int32](alive[position].len)
+  for a in items(alive[position]): s.add int32(a)
+  sort(s)
+
+proc storeAliveSyms(config: ConfigRef; position: int; alive: AliveSyms) =
+  prepare()
+  storeAliveSymsImpl(asymFile, s)
+
+proc aliveSymsChanged(config: ConfigRef; position: int; alive: AliveSyms): bool =
+  prepare()
+  var f2 = rodfiles.open(asymFile.string)
+  f2.loadHeader()
+  f2.loadSection aliveSymsSection
+  var oldData: seq[int32] = @[]
+  f2.loadSeq(oldData)
+  f2.close
+  if f2.err == ok and oldData == s:
+    result = false
+  else:
+    when defined(debugDce):
+      let oldAsSet = toPackedSet[int32](oldData)
+      let newAsSet = toPackedSet[int32](s)
+      echo "set of live symbols changed ", asymFile.changeFileExt("rod"), " ", position, " ", f2.err
+      echo "in old but not in new ", oldAsSet.difference(newAsSet), " number of entries in old ", oldAsSet.len
+      echo "in new but not in old ", newAsSet.difference(oldAsSet), " number of entries in new ", newAsSet.len
+      #if execShellCmd(getAppFilename() & " rod " & quoteShell(asymFile.changeFileExt("rod"))) != 0:
+      #  echo "command failed"
+    result = true
+    storeAliveSymsImpl(asymFile, s)
+
+proc genPackedModule(g: ModuleGraph, i: int; alive: var AliveSyms) =
+  # case statement here to enforce exhaustive checks.
+  case g.packed[i].status
+  of undefined:
+    discard "nothing to do"
+  of loading, stored:
+    assert false
+  of storing, outdated:
+    storeAliveSyms(g.config, g.packed[i].module.position, alive)
+    generateCodeForModule(g, g.packed[i], alive)
+    closeRodFile(g, g.packed[i].module)
+  of loaded:
+    if g.packed[i].loadedButAliveSetChanged:
+      generateCodeForModule(g, g.packed[i], alive)
+    else:
+      addFileToLink(g.config, g.packed[i].module)
+      replayTypeInfo(g, g.packed[i], FileIndex(i))
+
+      if g.backend == nil:
+        g.backend = cgendata.newModuleList(g)
+      registerInitProcs(BModuleList(g.backend), g.packed[i].module, g.packed[i].fromDisk.backendFlags)
+
+proc generateCode*(g: ModuleGraph) =
+  ## The single entry point, generate C(++) code for the entire
+  ## Nim program aka `ModuleGraph`.
+  resetForBackend(g)
+  var alive = computeAliveSyms(g.packed, g.config)
+
+  when false:
+    for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+      echo i, " is of status ", g.packed[i].status, " ", toFullPath(g.config, FileIndex(i))
+
+  # First pass: Setup all the backend modules for all the modules that have
+  # changed:
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    # case statement here to enforce exhaustive checks.
+    case g.packed[i].status
+    of undefined:
+      discard "nothing to do"
+    of loading, stored:
+      assert false
+    of storing, outdated:
+      setupBackendModule(g, g.packed[i])
+    of loaded:
+      # Even though this module didn't change, DCE might trigger a change.
+      # Consider this case: Module A uses symbol S from B and B does not use
+      # S itself. A is then edited not to use S either. Thus we have to
+      # recompile B in order to remove S from the final result.
+      if aliveSymsChanged(g.config, g.packed[i].module.position, alive):
+        g.packed[i].loadedButAliveSetChanged = true
+        setupBackendModule(g, g.packed[i])
+
+  # Second pass: Code generation.
+  let mainModuleIdx = g.config.projectMainIdx2.int
+  # We need to generate the main module last, because only then
+  # all init procs have been registered:
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    if i != mainModuleIdx:
+      genPackedModule(g, i, alive)
+  if mainModuleIdx >= 0:
+    genPackedModule(g, mainModuleIdx, alive)

compiler/ic/dce.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2021 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## Dead code elimination (=DCE) for IC.
+
+import std/[intsets, tables]
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+import ".." / [ast, options, lineinfos, types]
+
+import packed_ast, ic, bitabs
+
+type
+  AliveSyms* = seq[IntSet]
+  AliveContext* = object ## Purpose is to fill the 'alive' field.
+    stack: seq[(int, TOptions, NodePos)] ## A stack for marking symbols as alive.
+    decoder: PackedDecoder ## We need a PackedDecoder for module ID address translations.
+    thisModule: int  ## The module we're currently analysing for DCE.
+    alive: AliveSyms ## The final result of our computation.
+    options: TOptions
+    compilerProcs: Table[string, (int, int32)]
+
+proc isExportedToC(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; symId: int32): bool =
+  ## "Exported to C" procs are special (these are marked with '.exportc') because these
+  ## must not be optimized away!
+  let symPtr = unsafeAddr g[c.thisModule].fromDisk.syms[symId]
+  let flags = symPtr.flags
+  # due to a bug/limitation in the lambda lifting, unused inner procs
+  # are not transformed correctly; issue (#411). However, the whole purpose here
+  # is to eliminate unused procs. So there is no special logic required for this case.
+  if sfCompileTime notin flags:
+    if ({sfExportc, sfCompilerProc} * flags != {}) or
+        (symPtr.kind == skMethod):
+      result = true
+    else:
+      result = false
+      # XXX: This used to be a condition to:
+      #  (sfExportc in prc.flags and lfExportLib in prc.loc.flags) or
+    if sfCompilerProc in flags:
+      c.compilerProcs[g[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings[symPtr.name]] = (c.thisModule, symId)
+  else:
+    result = false
+
+template isNotGeneric(n: NodePos): bool = ithSon(tree, n, genericParamsPos).kind == nkEmpty
+
+proc followLater(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; module: int; item: int32) =
+  ## Marks a symbol 'item' as used and later in 'followNow' the symbol's body will
+  ## be analysed.
+  if not c.alive[module].containsOrIncl(item):
+    var body = g[module].fromDisk.syms[item].ast
+    if body != emptyNodeId:
+      let opt = g[module].fromDisk.syms[item].options
+      if g[module].fromDisk.syms[item].kind in routineKinds:
+        body = NodeId ithSon(g[module].fromDisk.bodies, NodePos body, bodyPos)
+      c.stack.add((module, opt, NodePos(body)))
+
+    when false:
+      let nid = g[module].fromDisk.syms[item].name
+      if nid != LitId(0):
+        let name = g[module].fromDisk.strings[nid]
+        if name in ["nimFrame", "callDepthLimitReached"]:
+          echo "I was called! ", name, " body exists: ", body != emptyNodeId, " ", module, " ", item
+
+proc requestCompilerProc(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; name: string) =
+  let (module, item) = c.compilerProcs[name]
+  followLater(c, g, module, item)
+
+proc loadTypeKind(t: PackedItemId; c: AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; toSkip: set[TTypeKind]): TTypeKind =
+  template kind(t: ItemId): TTypeKind = g[t.module].fromDisk.types[t.item].kind
+
+  var t2 = translateId(t, g, c.thisModule, c.decoder.config)
+  result = t2.kind
+  while result in toSkip:
+    t2 = translateId(g[t2.module].fromDisk.types[t2.item].types[^1], g, t2.module, c.decoder.config)
+    result = t2.kind
+
+proc rangeCheckAnalysis(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos) =
+  ## Replicates the logic of `ccgexprs.genRangeChck`.
+  ## XXX Refactor so that the duplicated logic is avoided. However, for now it's not clear
+  ## the approach has enough merit.
+  var dest = loadTypeKind(n.typ, c, g, abstractVar)
+  if optRangeCheck notin c.options or dest in {tyUInt..tyUInt64}:
+    discard "no need to generate a check because it was disabled"
+  else:
+    let n0t = loadTypeKind(n.firstSon.typ, c, g, {})
+    if n0t in {tyUInt, tyUInt64}:
+      c.requestCompilerProc(g, "raiseRangeErrorNoArgs")
+    else:
+      let raiser =
+        case loadTypeKind(n.typ, c, g, abstractVarRange)
+        of tyUInt..tyUInt64, tyChar: "raiseRangeErrorU"
+        of tyFloat..tyFloat128: "raiseRangeErrorF"
+        else: "raiseRangeErrorI"
+      c.requestCompilerProc(g, raiser)
+
+proc aliveCode(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph; tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos) =
+  ## Marks the symbols we encounter when we traverse the AST at `tree[n]` as alive, unless
+  ## it is purely in a declarative context (type section etc.).
+  case n.kind
+  of nkNone..pred(nkSym), succ(nkSym)..nkNilLit:
+    discard "ignore non-sym atoms"
+  of nkSym:
+    # This symbol is alive and everything its body references.
+    followLater(c, g, c.thisModule, tree[n].soperand)
+  of nkModuleRef:
+    let (n1, n2) = sons2(tree, n)
+    assert n1.kind == nkNone
+    assert n2.kind == nkNone
+    let m = n1.litId
+    let item = tree[n2].soperand
+    let otherModule = toFileIndexCached(c.decoder, g, c.thisModule, m).int
+    followLater(c, g, otherModule, item)
+  of nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef, nkTypeSection, nkTypeOfExpr,
+     nkCommentStmt, nkIncludeStmt,
+     nkImportStmt, nkImportExceptStmt, nkExportStmt, nkExportExceptStmt,
+     nkFromStmt, nkStaticStmt:
+    discard
+  of nkVarSection, nkLetSection, nkConstSection:
+    # XXX ignore the defining local variable name?
+    for son in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+      aliveCode(c, g, tree, son)
+  of nkChckRangeF, nkChckRange64, nkChckRange:
+    rangeCheckAnalysis(c, g, tree, n)
+  of nkProcDef, nkConverterDef, nkMethodDef, nkFuncDef, nkIteratorDef:
+    if n.firstSon.kind == nkSym and isNotGeneric(n):
+      let item = tree[n.firstSon].soperand
+      if isExportedToC(c, g, item):
+        # This symbol is alive and everything its body references.
+        followLater(c, g, c.thisModule, item)
+  else:
+    for son in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+      aliveCode(c, g, tree, son)
+
+proc followNow(c: var AliveContext; g: PackedModuleGraph) =
+  ## Mark all entries in the stack. Marking can add more entries
+  ## to the stack but eventually we have looked at every alive symbol.
+  while c.stack.len > 0:
+    let (modId, opt, ast) = c.stack.pop()
+    c.thisModule = modId
+    c.options = opt
+    aliveCode(c, g, g[modId].fromDisk.bodies, ast)
+
+proc computeAliveSyms*(g: PackedModuleGraph; conf: ConfigRef): AliveSyms =
+  ## Entry point for our DCE algorithm.
+  var c = AliveContext(stack: @[], decoder: PackedDecoder(config: conf),
+                       thisModule: -1, alive: newSeq[IntSet](g.len),
+                       options: conf.options)
+  for i in countdown(len(g)-1, 0):
+    if g[i].status != undefined:
+      c.thisModule = i
+      for p in allNodes(g[i].fromDisk.topLevel):
+        aliveCode(c, g, g[i].fromDisk.topLevel, p)
+
+  followNow(c, g)
+  result = move(c.alive)
+
+proc isAlive*(a: AliveSyms; module: int, item: int32): bool =
+  ## Backends use this to query if a symbol is `alive` which means
+  ## we need to produce (C/C++/etc) code for it.
+  result = a[module].contains(item)
+

compiler/ic/design.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+====================================
+  Incremental Recompilations
+====================================
+
+We split the Nim compiler into a frontend and a backend.
+The frontend produces a set of `.rod` files. Every `.nim` module
+produces its own `.rod` file.
+
+- The IR must be a faithful representation of the AST in memory.
+- The backend can do its own caching but doesn't have to. In the
+  current implementation the backend also caches its results.
+
+Advantage of the "set of files" vs the previous global database:
+- By construction, we either read from the `.rod` file or from the
+  `.nim` file, there can be no inconsistency. There can also be no
+  partial updates.
+- No dependency to external packages (SQLite). SQLite simply is too
+  slow and the old way of serialization was too slow too. We use a
+  format designed for Nim and expect to base further tools on this
+  file format.
+
+References to external modules must be (moduleId, symId) pairs.
+The symbol IDs are module specific. This way no global ID increment
+mechanism needs to be implemented that we could get wrong. ModuleIds
+are rod-file specific too.
+
+
+
+Global state
+------------
+
+There is no global state.
+
+Rod File Format
+---------------
+
+It's a simple binary file format. `rodfiles.nim` contains some details.
+
+
+Backend
+-------
+
+Nim programmers have to come to enjoy whole-program dead code elimination,
+by default. Since this is a "whole program" optimization, it does break
+modularity. However, thanks to the packed AST representation we can perform
+this global analysis without having to unpack anything. This is basically
+a mark&sweep GC algorithm:
+
+- Start with the top level statements. Every symbol that is referenced
+  from a top level statement is not "dead" and needs to be compiled by
+  the backend.
+- Every symbol referenced from a referenced symbol also has to be
+  compiled.
+
+Caching logic: Only if the set of alive symbols is different from the
+last run, the module has to be regenerated.

compiler/ic/iclineinfos.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2024 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+# For the line information we use 32 bits. They are used as follows:
+# Bit 0 (AsideBit): If we have inline line information or not. If not, the
+# remaining 31 bits are used as an index into a seq[(LitId, int, int)].
+#
+# We use 10 bits for the "file ID", this means a program can consist of as much
+# as 1024 different files. (If it uses more files than that, the overflow bit
+# would be set.)
+# This means we have 21 bits left to encode the (line, col) pair. We use 7 bits for the column
+# so 128 is the limit and 14 bits for the line number.
+# The packed representation supports files with up to 16384 lines.
+# Keep in mind that whenever any limit is reached the AsideBit is set and the real line
+# information is kept in a side channel.
+
+import std / assertions
+
+const
+  AsideBit = 1
+  FileBits = 10
+  LineBits = 14
+  ColBits = 7
+  FileMax = (1 shl FileBits) - 1
+  LineMax = (1 shl LineBits) - 1
+  ColMax = (1 shl ColBits) - 1
+
+static:
+  assert AsideBit + FileBits + LineBits + ColBits == 32
+
+import .. / ic / [bitabs, rodfiles] # for LitId
+
+type
+  PackedLineInfo* = distinct uint32
+
+  LineInfoManager* = object
+    aside: seq[(LitId, int32, int32)]
+
+const
+  NoLineInfo* = PackedLineInfo(0'u32)
+
+proc pack*(m: var LineInfoManager; file: LitId; line, col: int32): PackedLineInfo =
+  if file.uint32 <= FileMax.uint32 and line <= LineMax and col <= ColMax:
+    let col = if col < 0'i32: 0'u32 else: col.uint32
+    let line = if line < 0'i32: 0'u32 else: line.uint32
+    # use inline representation:
+    result = PackedLineInfo((file.uint32 shl 1'u32) or (line shl uint32(AsideBit + FileBits)) or
+      (col shl uint32(AsideBit + FileBits + LineBits)))
+  else:
+    result = PackedLineInfo((m.aside.len shl 1) or AsideBit)
+    m.aside.add (file, line, col)
+
+proc unpack*(m: LineInfoManager; i: PackedLineInfo): (LitId, int32, int32) =
+  let i = i.uint32
+  if (i and 1'u32) == 0'u32:
+    # inline representation:
+    result = (LitId((i shr 1'u32) and FileMax.uint32),
+      int32((i shr uint32(AsideBit + FileBits)) and LineMax.uint32),
+      int32((i shr uint32(AsideBit + FileBits + LineBits)) and ColMax.uint32))
+  else:
+    result = m.aside[int(i shr 1'u32)]
+
+proc getFileId*(m: LineInfoManager; i: PackedLineInfo): LitId =
+  result = unpack(m, i)[0]
+
+proc store*(r: var RodFile; m: LineInfoManager) = storeSeq(r, m.aside)
+proc load*(r: var RodFile; m: var LineInfoManager) = loadSeq(r, m.aside)
+
+when isMainModule:
+  var m = LineInfoManager(aside: @[])
+  for i in 0'i32..<16388'i32:
+    for col in 0'i32..<100'i32:
+      let packed = pack(m, LitId(1023), i, col)
+      let u = unpack(m, packed)
+      assert u[0] == LitId(1023)
+      assert u[1] == i
+      assert u[2] == col
+  echo m.aside.len

compiler/ic/integrity.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,155 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2021 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## Integrity checking for a set of .rod files.
+## The set must cover a complete Nim project.
+
+import std/[sets, tables]
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+import ".." / [ast, modulegraphs]
+import packed_ast, bitabs, ic
+
+type
+  CheckedContext = object
+    g: ModuleGraph
+    thisModule: int32
+    checkedSyms: HashSet[ItemId]
+    checkedTypes: HashSet[ItemId]
+
+proc checkType(c: var CheckedContext; typeId: PackedItemId)
+proc checkForeignSym(c: var CheckedContext; symId: PackedItemId)
+proc checkNode(c: var CheckedContext; tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos)
+
+proc checkTypeObj(c: var CheckedContext; typ: PackedType) =
+  for child in typ.types:
+    checkType(c, child)
+  if typ.n != emptyNodeId:
+    checkNode(c, c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.bodies, NodePos typ.n)
+  if typ.sym != nilItemId:
+    checkForeignSym(c, typ.sym)
+  if typ.owner != nilItemId:
+    checkForeignSym(c, typ.owner)
+  checkType(c, typ.typeInst)
+
+proc checkType(c: var CheckedContext; typeId: PackedItemId) =
+  if typeId == nilItemId: return
+  let itemId = translateId(typeId, c.g.packed, c.thisModule, c.g.config)
+  if not c.checkedTypes.containsOrIncl(itemId):
+    let oldThisModule = c.thisModule
+    c.thisModule = itemId.module
+    checkTypeObj c, c.g.packed[itemId.module].fromDisk.types[itemId.item]
+    c.thisModule = oldThisModule
+
+proc checkSym(c: var CheckedContext; s: PackedSym) =
+  if s.name != LitId(0):
+    assert c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings.hasLitId s.name
+  checkType c, s.typ
+  if s.ast != emptyNodeId:
+    checkNode(c, c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.bodies, NodePos s.ast)
+  if s.owner != nilItemId:
+    checkForeignSym(c, s.owner)
+
+proc checkLocalSym(c: var CheckedContext; item: int32) =
+  let itemId = ItemId(module: c.thisModule, item: item)
+  if not c.checkedSyms.containsOrIncl(itemId):
+    checkSym c, c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.syms[item]
+
+proc checkForeignSym(c: var CheckedContext; symId: PackedItemId) =
+  let itemId = translateId(symId, c.g.packed, c.thisModule, c.g.config)
+  if not c.checkedSyms.containsOrIncl(itemId):
+    let oldThisModule = c.thisModule
+    c.thisModule = itemId.module
+    checkSym c, c.g.packed[itemId.module].fromDisk.syms[itemId.item]
+    c.thisModule = oldThisModule
+
+proc checkNode(c: var CheckedContext; tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos) =
+  let t = findType(tree, n)
+  if t != nilItemId:
+    checkType(c, t)
+  case n.kind
+  of nkEmpty, nkNilLit, nkType, nkNilRodNode:
+    discard
+  of nkIdent:
+    assert c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings.hasLitId n.litId
+  of nkSym:
+    checkLocalSym(c, tree[n].soperand)
+  of directIntLit:
+    discard
+  of externIntLit, nkFloatLit..nkFloat128Lit:
+    assert c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.numbers.hasLitId n.litId
+  of nkStrLit..nkTripleStrLit:
+    assert c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings.hasLitId n.litId
+  of nkModuleRef:
+    let (n1, n2) = sons2(tree, n)
+    assert n1.kind == nkNone
+    assert n2.kind == nkNone
+    checkForeignSym(c, PackedItemId(module: n1.litId, item: tree[n2].soperand))
+  else:
+    for n0 in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+      checkNode(c, tree, n0)
+
+proc checkTree(c: var CheckedContext; t: PackedTree) =
+  for p in allNodes(t): checkNode(c, t, p)
+
+proc checkLocalSymIds(c: var CheckedContext; m: PackedModule; symIds: seq[int32]) =
+  for symId in symIds:
+    assert symId >= 0 and symId < m.syms.len, $symId & " " & $m.syms.len
+
+proc checkModule(c: var CheckedContext; m: PackedModule) =
+  # We check that:
+  # - Every symbol references existing types and symbols.
+  # - Every tree node references existing types and symbols.
+  for _, v in pairs(m.syms):
+    checkLocalSym c, v.id
+
+  checkTree c, m.toReplay
+  checkTree c, m.topLevel
+
+  for e in m.exports:
+    #assert e[1] >= 0 and e[1] < m.syms.len
+    assert e[0] == m.syms[e[1]].name
+
+  for e in m.compilerProcs:
+    #assert e[1] >= 0 and e[1] < m.syms.len
+    assert e[0] == m.syms[e[1]].name
+
+  checkLocalSymIds c, m, m.converters
+  checkLocalSymIds c, m, m.methods
+  checkLocalSymIds c, m, m.trmacros
+  checkLocalSymIds c, m, m.pureEnums
+  #[
+    To do: Check all these fields:
+
+    reexports*: seq[(LitId, PackedItemId)]
+    macroUsages*: seq[(PackedItemId, PackedLineInfo)]
+
+    typeInstCache*: seq[(PackedItemId, PackedItemId)]
+    procInstCache*: seq[PackedInstantiation]
+    attachedOps*: seq[(TTypeAttachedOp, PackedItemId, PackedItemId)]
+    methodsPerGenericType*: seq[(PackedItemId, int, PackedItemId)]
+    enumToStringProcs*: seq[(PackedItemId, PackedItemId)]
+    methodsPerType*: seq[(PackedItemId, PackedItemId)]
+    dispatchers*: seq[PackedItemId]
+  ]#
+
+proc checkIntegrity*(g: ModuleGraph) =
+  var c = CheckedContext(g: g)
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    # case statement here to enforce exhaustive checks.
+    case g.packed[i].status
+    of undefined:
+      discard "nothing to do"
+    of loading:
+      assert false, "cannot check integrity: Module still loading"
+    of stored, storing, outdated, loaded:
+      c.thisModule = int32 i
+      checkModule(c, g.packed[i].fromDisk)

compiler/ic/navigator.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,183 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2021 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## Supports the "nim check --ic:on --defusages:FILE,LINE,COL"
+## IDE-like features. It uses the set of .rod files to accomplish
+## its task. The set must cover a complete Nim project.
+
+import std/[sets, tables]
+
+from std/os import nil
+from std/private/miscdollars import toLocation
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+import ".." / [ast, modulegraphs, msgs, options]
+import iclineinfos
+import packed_ast, bitabs, ic
+
+type
+  UnpackedLineInfo = object
+    file: LitId
+    line, col: int
+  NavContext = object
+    g: ModuleGraph
+    thisModule: int32
+    trackPos: UnpackedLineInfo
+    alreadyEmitted: HashSet[string]
+    outputSep: char # for easier testing, use short filenames and spaces instead of tabs.
+
+proc isTracked(man: LineInfoManager; current: PackedLineInfo, trackPos: UnpackedLineInfo, tokenLen: int): bool =
+  let (currentFile, currentLine, currentCol) = man.unpack(current)
+  if currentFile == trackPos.file and currentLine == trackPos.line:
+    let col = trackPos.col
+    if col >= currentCol and col < currentCol+tokenLen:
+      result = true
+    else:
+      result = false
+  else:
+    result = false
+
+proc searchLocalSym(c: var NavContext; s: PackedSym; info: PackedLineInfo): bool =
+  result = s.name != LitId(0) and
+    isTracked(c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.man, info, c.trackPos, c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings[s.name].len)
+
+proc searchForeignSym(c: var NavContext; s: ItemId; info: PackedLineInfo): bool =
+  let name = c.g.packed[s.module].fromDisk.syms[s.item].name
+  result = name != LitId(0) and
+    isTracked(c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.man, info, c.trackPos, c.g.packed[s.module].fromDisk.strings[name].len)
+
+const
+  EmptyItemId = ItemId(module: -1'i32, item: -1'i32)
+
+proc search(c: var NavContext; tree: PackedTree): ItemId =
+  # We use the linear representation here directly:
+  for i in 0..<len(tree):
+    let i = NodePos(i)
+    case tree[i].kind
+    of nkSym:
+      let item = tree[i].soperand
+      if searchLocalSym(c, c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.syms[item], tree[i].info):
+        return ItemId(module: c.thisModule, item: item)
+    of nkModuleRef:
+      let (currentFile, currentLine, currentCol) = c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.man.unpack(tree[i].info)
+      if currentLine == c.trackPos.line and currentFile == c.trackPos.file:
+        let (n1, n2) = sons2(tree, i)
+        assert n1.kind == nkInt32Lit
+        assert n2.kind == nkInt32Lit
+        let pId = PackedItemId(module: n1.litId, item: tree[n2].soperand)
+        let itemId = translateId(pId, c.g.packed, c.thisModule, c.g.config)
+        if searchForeignSym(c, itemId, tree[i].info):
+          return itemId
+    else: discard
+  return EmptyItemId
+
+proc isDecl(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): bool =
+  # XXX This is not correct yet.
+  const declarativeNodes = procDefs + {nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef,
+    nkLetSection, nkVarSection, nkUsingStmt, nkConstSection, nkTypeSection,
+    nkIdentDefs, nkEnumTy, nkVarTuple}
+  result = n.int >= 0 and tree[n].kind in declarativeNodes
+
+proc usage(c: var NavContext; info: PackedLineInfo; isDecl: bool) =
+  let (fileId, line, col) = unpack(c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.man, info)
+  var m = ""
+  var file = c.g.packed[c.thisModule].fromDisk.strings[fileId]
+  if c.outputSep == ' ':
+    file = os.extractFilename file
+  toLocation(m, file, line, col + ColOffset)
+  if not c.alreadyEmitted.containsOrIncl(m):
+    msgWriteln c.g.config, (if isDecl: "def" else: "usage") & c.outputSep & m
+
+proc list(c: var NavContext; tree: PackedTree; sym: ItemId) =
+  for i in 0..<len(tree):
+    let i = NodePos(i)
+    case tree[i].kind
+    of nkSym:
+      let item = tree[i].soperand
+      if sym.item == item and sym.module == c.thisModule:
+        usage(c, tree[i].info, isDecl(tree, parent(i)))
+    of nkModuleRef:
+      let (n1, n2) = sons2(tree, i)
+      assert n1.kind == nkNone
+      assert n2.kind == nkNone
+      let pId = PackedItemId(module: n1.litId, item: tree[n2].soperand)
+      let itemId = translateId(pId, c.g.packed, c.thisModule, c.g.config)
+      if itemId.item == sym.item and sym.module == itemId.module:
+        usage(c, tree[i].info, isDecl(tree, parent(i)))
+    else: discard
+
+proc searchForIncludeFile(g: ModuleGraph; fullPath: string): int =
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    for k in 1..high(g.packed[i].fromDisk.includes):
+      # we start from 1 because the first "include" file is
+      # the module's filename.
+      if os.cmpPaths(g.packed[i].fromDisk.strings[g.packed[i].fromDisk.includes[k][0]], fullPath) == 0:
+        return i
+  return -1
+
+proc nav(g: ModuleGraph) =
+  # translate the track position to a packed position:
+  let unpacked = g.config.m.trackPos
+  var mid = unpacked.fileIndex.int
+
+  let fullPath = toFullPath(g.config, unpacked.fileIndex)
+
+  if g.packed[mid].status == undefined:
+    # check if 'mid' is an include file of some other module:
+    mid = searchForIncludeFile(g, fullPath)
+
+  if mid < 0:
+    localError(g.config, unpacked, "unknown file name: " & fullPath)
+    return
+
+  let fileId = g.packed[mid].fromDisk.strings.getKeyId(fullPath)
+
+  if fileId == LitId(0):
+    internalError(g.config, unpacked, "cannot find a valid file ID")
+    return
+
+  var c = NavContext(
+    g: g,
+    thisModule: int32 mid,
+    trackPos: UnpackedLineInfo(line: unpacked.line.int, col: unpacked.col.int, file: fileId),
+    outputSep: if isDefined(g.config, "nimIcNavigatorTests"): ' ' else: '\t'
+  )
+  var symId = search(c, g.packed[mid].fromDisk.topLevel)
+  if symId == EmptyItemId:
+    symId = search(c, g.packed[mid].fromDisk.bodies)
+
+  if symId == EmptyItemId:
+    localError(g.config, unpacked, "no symbol at this position")
+    return
+
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    # case statement here to enforce exhaustive checks.
+    case g.packed[i].status
+    of undefined:
+      discard "nothing to do"
+    of loading:
+      assert false, "cannot check integrity: Module still loading"
+    of stored, storing, outdated, loaded:
+      c.thisModule = int32 i
+      list(c, g.packed[i].fromDisk.topLevel, symId)
+      list(c, g.packed[i].fromDisk.bodies, symId)
+
+proc navDefinition*(g: ModuleGraph) = nav(g)
+proc navUsages*(g: ModuleGraph) = nav(g)
+proc navDefusages*(g: ModuleGraph) = nav(g)
+
+proc writeRodFiles*(g: ModuleGraph) =
+  for i in 0..<len(g.packed):
+    case g.packed[i].status
+    of undefined, loading, stored, loaded:
+      discard "nothing to do"
+    of storing, outdated:
+      closeRodFile(g, g.packed[i].module)

compiler/ic/packed_ast.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,367 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2020 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## Packed AST representation, mostly based on a seq of nodes.
+## For IC support. Far future: Rewrite the compiler passes to
+## use this representation directly in all the transformations,
+## it is superior.
+
+import std/[hashes, tables, strtabs]
+import bitabs, rodfiles
+import ".." / [ast, options]
+
+import iclineinfos
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/assertions
+
+type
+  SymId* = distinct int32
+  ModuleId* = distinct int32
+  NodePos* = distinct int
+
+  NodeId* = distinct int32
+
+  PackedItemId* = object
+    module*: LitId       # 0 if it's this module
+    item*: int32         # same as the in-memory representation
+
+const
+  nilItemId* = PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: 0.int32)
+
+const
+  emptyNodeId* = NodeId(-1)
+
+type
+  PackedLib* = object
+    kind*: TLibKind
+    generated*: bool
+    isOverridden*: bool
+    name*: LitId
+    path*: NodeId
+
+  PackedSym* = object
+    id*: int32
+    kind*: TSymKind
+    name*: LitId
+    typ*: PackedItemId
+    flags*: TSymFlags
+    magic*: TMagic
+    info*: PackedLineInfo
+    ast*: NodeId
+    owner*: PackedItemId
+    guard*: PackedItemId
+    bitsize*: int
+    alignment*: int # for alignment
+    options*: TOptions
+    position*: int
+    offset*: int32
+    disamb*: int32
+    externalName*: LitId # instead of TLoc
+    locFlags*: TLocFlags
+    annex*: PackedLib
+    when hasFFI:
+      cname*: LitId
+    constraint*: NodeId
+    instantiatedFrom*: PackedItemId
+
+  PackedType* = object
+    id*: int32
+    kind*: TTypeKind
+    callConv*: TCallingConvention
+    #nodekind*: TNodeKind
+    flags*: TTypeFlags
+    types*: seq[PackedItemId]
+    n*: NodeId
+    #nodeflags*: TNodeFlags
+    sym*: PackedItemId
+    owner*: PackedItemId
+    size*: BiggestInt
+    align*: int16
+    paddingAtEnd*: int16
+    # not serialized: loc*: TLoc because it is backend-specific
+    typeInst*: PackedItemId
+    nonUniqueId*: int32
+
+  PackedNode* = object     # 8 bytes
+    x: uint32
+    info*: PackedLineInfo
+
+  PackedTree* = object ## usually represents a full Nim module
+    nodes: seq[PackedNode]
+    withFlags: seq[(int32, TNodeFlags)]
+    withTypes: seq[(int32, PackedItemId)]
+
+  PackedInstantiation* = object
+    key*, sym*: PackedItemId
+    concreteTypes*: seq[PackedItemId]
+
+const
+  NodeKindBits = 8'u32
+  NodeKindMask = (1'u32 shl NodeKindBits) - 1'u32
+
+template kind*(n: PackedNode): TNodeKind = TNodeKind(n.x and NodeKindMask)
+template uoperand*(n: PackedNode): uint32 = (n.x shr NodeKindBits)
+template soperand*(n: PackedNode): int32 = int32(uoperand(n))
+
+template toX(k: TNodeKind; operand: uint32): uint32 =
+  uint32(k) or (operand shl NodeKindBits)
+
+template toX(k: TNodeKind; operand: LitId): uint32 =
+  uint32(k) or (operand.uint32 shl NodeKindBits)
+
+template typeId*(n: PackedNode): PackedItemId = n.typ
+
+proc `==`*(a, b: SymId): bool {.borrow.}
+proc hash*(a: SymId): Hash {.borrow.}
+
+proc `==`*(a, b: NodePos): bool {.borrow.}
+#proc `==`*(a, b: PackedItemId): bool {.borrow.}
+proc `==`*(a, b: NodeId): bool {.borrow.}
+
+proc newTreeFrom*(old: PackedTree): PackedTree =
+  result = PackedTree(nodes: @[])
+  when false: result.sh = old.sh
+
+proc addIdent*(tree: var PackedTree; s: LitId; info: PackedLineInfo) =
+  tree.nodes.add PackedNode(x: toX(nkIdent, uint32(s)), info: info)
+
+proc addSym*(tree: var PackedTree; s: int32; info: PackedLineInfo) =
+  tree.nodes.add PackedNode(x: toX(nkSym, cast[uint32](s)), info: info)
+
+proc addSymDef*(tree: var PackedTree; s: SymId; info: PackedLineInfo) =
+  tree.nodes.add PackedNode(x: toX(nkSym, cast[uint32](s)), info: info)
+
+proc isAtom*(tree: PackedTree; pos: int): bool {.inline.} = tree.nodes[pos].kind <= nkNilLit
+
+type
+  PatchPos = distinct int
+
+proc addNode*(t: var PackedTree; kind: TNodeKind; operand: int32;
+              typeId: PackedItemId = nilItemId; info: PackedLineInfo;
+              flags: TNodeFlags = {}) =
+  t.nodes.add PackedNode(x: toX(kind, cast[uint32](operand)), info: info)
+  if flags != {}:
+    t.withFlags.add (t.nodes.len.int32 - 1, flags)
+  if typeId != nilItemId:
+    t.withTypes.add (t.nodes.len.int32 - 1, typeId)
+
+proc prepare*(tree: var PackedTree; kind: TNodeKind; flags: TNodeFlags; typeId: PackedItemId; info: PackedLineInfo): PatchPos =
+  result = PatchPos tree.nodes.len
+  tree.addNode(kind = kind, flags = flags, operand = 0, info = info, typeId = typeId)
+
+proc prepare*(dest: var PackedTree; source: PackedTree; sourcePos: NodePos): PatchPos =
+  result = PatchPos dest.nodes.len
+  dest.nodes.add source.nodes[sourcePos.int]
+
+proc patch*(tree: var PackedTree; pos: PatchPos) =
+  let pos = pos.int
+  let k = tree.nodes[pos].kind
+  assert k > nkNilLit
+  let distance = int32(tree.nodes.len - pos)
+  assert distance > 0
+  tree.nodes[pos].x = toX(k, cast[uint32](distance))
+
+proc len*(tree: PackedTree): int {.inline.} = tree.nodes.len
+
+proc `[]`*(tree: PackedTree; i: NodePos): lent PackedNode {.inline.} =
+  tree.nodes[i.int]
+
+template rawSpan(n: PackedNode): int = int(uoperand(n))
+
+proc nextChild(tree: PackedTree; pos: var int) {.inline.} =
+  if tree.nodes[pos].kind > nkNilLit:
+    assert tree.nodes[pos].uoperand > 0
+    inc pos, tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan
+  else:
+    inc pos
+
+iterator sonsReadonly*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos =
+  var pos = n.int
+  assert tree.nodes[pos].kind > nkNilLit
+  let last = pos + tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan
+  inc pos
+  while pos < last:
+    yield NodePos pos
+    nextChild tree, pos
+
+iterator sons*(dest: var PackedTree; tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos =
+  let patchPos = prepare(dest, tree, n)
+  for x in sonsReadonly(tree, n): yield x
+  patch dest, patchPos
+
+iterator isons*(dest: var PackedTree; tree: PackedTree;
+                n: NodePos): (int, NodePos) =
+  var i = 0
+  for ch0 in sons(dest, tree, n):
+    yield (i, ch0)
+    inc i
+
+iterator sonsFrom1*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos =
+  var pos = n.int
+  assert tree.nodes[pos].kind > nkNilLit
+  let last = pos + tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan
+  inc pos
+  if pos < last:
+    nextChild tree, pos
+  while pos < last:
+    yield NodePos pos
+    nextChild tree, pos
+
+iterator sonsWithoutLast2*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos =
+  var count = 0
+  for child in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+    inc count
+  var pos = n.int
+  assert tree.nodes[pos].kind > nkNilLit
+  let last = pos + tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan
+  inc pos
+  while pos < last and count > 2:
+    yield NodePos pos
+    dec count
+    nextChild tree, pos
+
+proc parentImpl(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos =
+  # finding the parent of a node is rather easy:
+  var pos = n.int - 1
+  while pos >= 0 and (isAtom(tree, pos) or (pos + tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan - 1 < n.int)):
+    dec pos
+  #assert pos >= 0, "node has no parent"
+  result = NodePos(pos)
+
+template parent*(n: NodePos): NodePos = parentImpl(tree, n)
+
+proc hasXsons*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos; x: int): bool =
+  var count = 0
+  if tree.nodes[n.int].kind > nkNilLit:
+    for child in sonsReadonly(tree, n): inc count
+  result = count == x
+
+proc hasAtLeastXsons*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos; x: int): bool =
+  if tree.nodes[n.int].kind > nkNilLit:
+    var count = 0
+    for child in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+      inc count
+      if count >= x: return true
+  return false
+
+proc firstSon*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): NodePos {.inline.} =
+  NodePos(n.int+1)
+proc kind*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): TNodeKind {.inline.} =
+  tree.nodes[n.int].kind
+proc litId*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): LitId {.inline.} =
+  LitId tree.nodes[n.int].uoperand
+proc info*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): PackedLineInfo {.inline.} =
+  tree.nodes[n.int].info
+
+proc findType*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): PackedItemId =
+  for x in tree.withTypes:
+    if x[0] == int32(n): return x[1]
+    if x[0] > int32(n): return nilItemId
+  return nilItemId
+
+proc findFlags*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): TNodeFlags =
+  for x in tree.withFlags:
+    if x[0] == int32(n): return x[1]
+    if x[0] > int32(n): return {}
+  return {}
+
+template typ*(n: NodePos): PackedItemId =
+  tree.findType(n)
+template flags*(n: NodePos): TNodeFlags =
+  tree.findFlags(n)
+
+template uoperand*(n: NodePos): uint32 =
+  tree.nodes[n.int].uoperand
+
+proc span*(tree: PackedTree; pos: int): int {.inline.} =
+  if isAtom(tree, pos): 1 else: tree.nodes[pos].rawSpan
+
+proc sons2*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): (NodePos, NodePos) =
+  assert(not isAtom(tree, n.int))
+  let a = n.int+1
+  let b = a + span(tree, a)
+  result = (NodePos a, NodePos b)
+
+proc sons3*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos): (NodePos, NodePos, NodePos) =
+  assert(not isAtom(tree, n.int))
+  let a = n.int+1
+  let b = a + span(tree, a)
+  let c = b + span(tree, b)
+  result = (NodePos a, NodePos b, NodePos c)
+
+proc ithSon*(tree: PackedTree; n: NodePos; i: int): NodePos =
+  result = default(NodePos)
+  if tree.nodes[n.int].kind > nkNilLit:
+    var count = 0
+    for child in sonsReadonly(tree, n):
+      if count == i: return child
+      inc count
+  assert false, "node has no i-th child"
+
+when false:
+  proc `@`*(tree: PackedTree; lit: LitId): lent string {.inline.} =
+    tree.sh.strings[lit]
+
+template kind*(n: NodePos): TNodeKind = tree.nodes[n.int].kind
+template info*(n: NodePos): PackedLineInfo = tree.nodes[n.int].info
+template litId*(n: NodePos): LitId = LitId tree.nodes[n.int].uoperand
+
+template symId*(n: NodePos): SymId = SymId tree.nodes[n.int].soperand
+
+proc firstSon*(n: NodePos): NodePos {.inline.} = NodePos(n.int+1)
+
+const
+  externIntLit* = {nkCharLit,
+    nkIntLit,
+    nkInt8Lit,
+    nkInt16Lit,
+    nkInt32Lit,
+    nkInt64Lit,
+    nkUIntLit,
+    nkUInt8Lit,
+    nkUInt16Lit,
+    nkUInt32Lit,
+    nkUInt64Lit}
+
+  externSIntLit* = {nkIntLit, nkInt8Lit, nkInt16Lit, nkInt32Lit, nkInt64Lit}
+  externUIntLit* = {nkUIntLit, nkUInt8Lit, nkUInt16Lit, nkUInt32Lit, nkUInt64Lit}
+  directIntLit* = nkNone
+
+template copyInto*(dest, n, body) =
+  let patchPos = prepare(dest, tree, n)
+  body
+  patch dest, patchPos
+
+template copyIntoKind*(dest, kind, info, body) =
+  let patchPos = prepare(dest, kind, info)
+  body
+  patch dest, patchPos
+
+proc getNodeId*(tree: PackedTree): NodeId {.inline.} = NodeId tree.nodes.len
+
+iterator allNodes*(tree: PackedTree): NodePos =
+  var p = 0
+  while p < tree.len:
+    yield NodePos(p)
+    let s = span(tree, p)
+    inc p, s
+
+proc toPackedItemId*(item: int32): PackedItemId {.inline.} =
+  PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: item)
+
+proc load*(f: var RodFile; t: var PackedTree) =
+  loadSeq f, t.nodes
+  loadSeq f, t.withFlags
+  loadSeq f, t.withTypes
+
+proc store*(f: var RodFile; t: PackedTree) =
+  storeSeq f, t.nodes
+  storeSeq f, t.withFlags
+  storeSeq f, t.withTypes

compiler/ic/replayer.nim

@@ -19,11 +19,10 @@ import std/tables
 when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
   import std/assertions
 
-proc replayStateChanges*(module: PSym; g: ModuleGraph; list: PNode) =
-  ## `list` is an `nkStmtList` of `nkReplayAction` nodes (macro-cache puts/incs/
-  ## adds/incls and a few pragmas) recorded for `module`. Under the NIF backend a
-  ## loaded module's `ast` is never reconstructed, so the caller passes the replay
-  ## actions it parsed out of the module's NIF directly.
+import packed_ast, ic, bitabs
+
+proc replayStateChanges*(module: PSym; g: ModuleGraph) =
+  let list = module.ast
   assert list != nil
   assert list.kind == nkStmtList
   for n in list:
@@ -67,9 +66,8 @@ proc replayStateChanges*(module: PSym; g: ModuleGraph; list: PNode) =
           g.cacheTables[destKey] = initBTree[string, PNode]()
         if not contains(g.cacheTables[destKey], key):
           g.cacheTables[destKey].add(key, val)
-        # else: the same key was already replayed. Under IC the import closure is
-        # replayed (direct module + transitive deps), so the same registration can
-        # legitimately be reached twice; re-applying it is a no-op, not an error.
+        else:
+          internalError(g.config, n.info, "key already exists: " & key)
       of "incl":
         let destKey = n[1].strVal
         let val = n[2]
@@ -91,36 +89,83 @@ proc replayStateChanges*(module: PSym; g: ModuleGraph; list: PNode) =
       else:
         internalAssert g.config, false
 
-proc replayBackendActions*(g: ModuleGraph; module: PSym; list: PNode) =
-  ## Applies the backend-relevant replay actions (C compile/link directives)
-  ## found in a NIF-loaded module's top-level statement list. The `nifc`
-  ## backend loads modules without going through sem's `replayStateChanges`,
-  ## so e.g. math's `{.passL: "-lm".}` was lost and the final link failed
-  ## with undefined references. VM cache actions are deliberately NOT
-  ## replayed here — codegen does not run macros.
-  if list == nil: return
-  for n in list:
-    if n.kind == nkReplayAction and n.len >= 2 and
-        n[0].kind == nkStrLit and n[1].kind == nkStrLit:
-      case n[0].strVal
-      of "compile":
-        if n.len == 4 and n[2].kind == nkStrLit:
-          let cname = AbsoluteFile n[1].strVal
-          var cf = Cfile(nimname: splitFile(cname).name, cname: cname,
-                         obj: AbsoluteFile n[2].strVal,
-                         flags: {CfileFlag.External},
-                         customArgs: n[3].strVal)
-          extccomp.addExternalFileToCompile(g.config, cf)
-      of "link":
-        extccomp.addExternalFileToLink(g.config, AbsoluteFile n[1].strVal)
-      of "passl":
-        extccomp.addLinkOption(g.config, n[1].strVal)
-      of "passc":
-        extccomp.addCompileOption(g.config, n[1].strVal)
-      of "localpassc":
-        extccomp.addLocalCompileOption(g.config, n[1].strVal,
-          toFullPathConsiderDirty(g.config, module.info.fileIndex))
-      of "cppdefine":
-        options.cppDefine(g.config, n[1].strVal)
-      else:
-        discard
+proc replayBackendProcs*(g: ModuleGraph; module: int) =
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.attachedOps):
+    let key = translateId(it[0], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let op = it[1]
+    let tmp = translateId(it[2], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let symId = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it[2])
+    g.attachedOps[op][key] = LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.enumToStringProcs):
+    let key = translateId(it[0], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let tmp = translateId(it[1], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let symId = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it[1])
+    g.enumToStringProcs[key] = LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.methodsPerType):
+    let key = translateId(it[0], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let tmp = translateId(it[1], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let symId = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it[1])
+    g.methodsPerType.mgetOrPut(key, @[]).add LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.dispatchers):
+    let tmp = translateId(it, g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let symId = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it)
+    g.dispatchers.add LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+proc replayGenericCacheInformation*(g: ModuleGraph; module: int) =
+  ## We remember the generic instantiations a module performed
+  ## in order to to avoid the code bloat that generic code tends
+  ## to imply. This is cheaper than deduplication of identical
+  ## generic instantiations. However, deduplication is more
+  ## powerful and general and I hope to implement it soon too
+  ## (famous last words).
+  assert g.packed[module].status == loaded
+  for it in g.packed[module].fromDisk.typeInstCache:
+    let key = translateId(it[0], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    g.typeInstCache.mgetOrPut(key, @[]).add LazyType(id: FullId(module: module, packed: it[1]), typ: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.procInstCache):
+    let key = translateId(it.key, g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let sym = translateId(it.sym, g.packed, module, g.config)
+    var concreteTypes = newSeq[FullId](it.concreteTypes.len)
+    for i in 0..high(it.concreteTypes):
+      let tmp = translateId(it.concreteTypes[i], g.packed, module, g.config)
+      concreteTypes[i] = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it.concreteTypes[i])
+
+    g.procInstCache.mgetOrPut(key, @[]).add LazyInstantiation(
+      module: module, sym: FullId(module: sym.module, packed: it.sym),
+      concreteTypes: concreteTypes, inst: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.methodsPerGenericType):
+    let key = translateId(it[0], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let col = it[1]
+    let tmp = translateId(it[2], g.packed, module, g.config)
+    let symId = FullId(module: tmp.module, packed: it[2])
+    g.methodsPerGenericType.mgetOrPut(key, @[]).add (col, LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil))
+
+  replayBackendProcs(g, module)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.methods):
+    let sym = loadSymFromId(g.config, g.cache, g.packed, module,
+                            PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: it))
+    methodDef(g, g.idgen, sym)
+
+  when false:
+    # not used anymore:
+    for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.compilerProcs):
+      let symId = FullId(module: module, packed: PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: it[1]))
+      g.lazyCompilerprocs[g.packed[module].fromDisk.sh.strings[it[0]]] = symId
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.converters):
+    let symId = FullId(module: module, packed: PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: it))
+    g.ifaces[module].converters.add LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.trmacros):
+    let symId = FullId(module: module, packed: PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: it))
+    g.ifaces[module].patterns.add LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)
+
+  for it in mitems(g.packed[module].fromDisk.pureEnums):
+    let symId = FullId(module: module, packed: PackedItemId(module: LitId(0), item: it))
+    g.ifaces[module].pureEnums.add LazySym(id: symId, sym: nil)

compiler/ic/rodfiles.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,283 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2020 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## Low level binary format used by the compiler to store and load various AST
+## and related data.
+##
+## NB: this is incredibly low level and if you're interested in how the
+##     compiler works and less a storage format, you're probably looking for
+##     the `ic` or `packed_ast` modules to understand the logical format.
+
+from std/typetraits import supportsCopyMem
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/[syncio, assertions]
+
+import std / tables
+
+## Overview
+## ========
+## `RodFile` represents a Rod File (versioned binary format), and the
+## associated data for common interactions such as IO and error tracking
+## (`RodFileError`). The file format broken up into sections (`RodSection`)
+## and preceded by a header (see: `cookie`). The precise layout, section
+## ordering and data following the section are determined by the user. See
+## `ic.loadRodFile`.
+##
+## A basic but "wrong" example of the lifecycle:
+## ---------------------------------------------
+## 1. `create` or `open`        - create a new one or open an existing
+## 2. `storeHeader`             - header info
+## 3. `storePrim` or `storeSeq` - save your stuff
+## 4. `close`                   - and we're done
+##
+## Now read the bits below to understand what's missing.
+##
+## ### Issues with the Example
+## Missing Sections:
+## This is a low level API, so headers and sections need to be stored and
+## loaded by the user, see `storeHeader` & `loadHeader` and `storeSection` &
+## `loadSection`, respectively.
+##
+## No Error Handling:
+## The API is centered around IO and prone to error, each operation checks or
+## sets the `RodFile.err` field. A user of this API needs to handle these
+## appropriately.
+##
+## API Notes
+## =========
+##
+## Valid inputs for Rod files
+## --------------------------
+## ASTs, hopes, dreams, and anything as long as it and any children it may have
+## support `copyMem`. This means anything that is not a pointer and that does not contain a pointer. At a glance these are:
+## * string
+## * objects & tuples (fields are recursed)
+## * sequences AKA `seq[T]`
+##
+## Note on error handling style
+## ----------------------------
+## A flag based approach is used where operations no-op in case of a
+## preexisting error and set the flag if they encounter one.
+##
+## Misc
+## ----
+## * 'Prim' is short for 'primitive', as in a non-sequence type
+
+type
+  RodSection* = enum
+    versionSection
+    configSection
+    stringsSection
+    checkSumsSection
+    depsSection
+    numbersSection
+    exportsSection
+    hiddenSection
+    reexportsSection
+    compilerProcsSection
+    trmacrosSection
+    convertersSection
+    methodsSection
+    pureEnumsSection
+    toReplaySection
+    topLevelSection
+    bodiesSection
+    symsSection
+    typesSection
+    typeInstCacheSection
+    procInstCacheSection
+    attachedOpsSection
+    methodsPerGenericTypeSection
+    enumToStringProcsSection
+    methodsPerTypeSection
+    dispatchersSection
+    typeInfoSection  # required by the backend
+    backendFlagsSection
+    aliveSymsSection # beware, this is stored in a `.alivesyms` file.
+    sideChannelSection
+    namespaceSection
+    symnamesSection
+
+  RodFileError* = enum
+    ok, tooBig, cannotOpen, ioFailure, wrongHeader, wrongSection, configMismatch,
+    includeFileChanged
+
+  RodFile* = object
+    f*: File
+    currentSection*: RodSection # for error checking
+    err*: RodFileError # little experiment to see if this works
+                       # better than exceptions.
+
+const
+  RodVersion = 2
+  defaultCookie = [byte(0), byte('R'), byte('O'), byte('D'),
+            byte(sizeof(int)*8), byte(system.cpuEndian), byte(0), byte(RodVersion)]
+
+proc setError(f: var RodFile; err: RodFileError) {.inline.} =
+  f.err = err
+  #raise newException(IOError, "IO error")
+
+proc storePrim*(f: var RodFile; s: string) =
+  ## Stores a string.
+  ## The len is prefixed to allow for later retreival.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  if s.len >= high(int32):
+    setError f, tooBig
+    return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(s.len)
+  if writeBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    if s.len != 0:
+      if writeBuffer(f.f, unsafeAddr(s[0]), s.len) != s.len:
+        setError f, ioFailure
+
+proc storePrim*[T](f: var RodFile; x: T) =
+  ## Stores a non-sequence/string `T`.
+  ## If `T` doesn't support `copyMem` and is an object or tuple then the fields
+  ## are written -- the user from context will need to know which `T` to load.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  when supportsCopyMem(T):
+    if writeBuffer(f.f, unsafeAddr(x), sizeof(x)) != sizeof(x):
+      setError f, ioFailure
+  elif T is tuple:
+    for y in fields(x):
+      storePrim(f, y)
+  elif T is object:
+    for y in fields(x):
+      when y is seq:
+        storeSeq(f, y)
+      else:
+        storePrim(f, y)
+  else:
+    {.error: "unsupported type for 'storePrim'".}
+
+proc storeSeq*[T](f: var RodFile; s: seq[T]) =
+  ## Stores a sequence of `T`s, with the len as a prefix for later retrieval.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  if s.len >= high(int32):
+    setError f, tooBig
+    return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(s.len)
+  if writeBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    for i in 0..<s.len:
+      storePrim(f, s[i])
+
+proc storeOrderedTable*[K, T](f: var RodFile; s: OrderedTable[K, T]) =
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  if s.len >= high(int32):
+    setError f, tooBig
+    return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(s.len)
+  if writeBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    for _, v in s:
+      storePrim(f, v)
+
+proc loadPrim*(f: var RodFile; s: var string) =
+  ## Read a string, the length was stored as a prefix
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(0)
+  if readBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    s = newString(lenPrefix)
+    if lenPrefix > 0:
+      if readBuffer(f.f, unsafeAddr(s[0]), s.len) != s.len:
+        setError f, ioFailure
+
+proc loadPrim*[T](f: var RodFile; x: var T) =
+  ## Load a non-sequence/string `T`.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  when supportsCopyMem(T):
+    if readBuffer(f.f, unsafeAddr(x), sizeof(x)) != sizeof(x):
+      setError f, ioFailure
+  elif T is tuple:
+    for y in fields(x):
+      loadPrim(f, y)
+  elif T is object:
+    for y in fields(x):
+      when y is seq:
+        loadSeq(f, y)
+      else:
+        loadPrim(f, y)
+  else:
+    {.error: "unsupported type for 'loadPrim'".}
+
+proc loadSeq*[T](f: var RodFile; s: var seq[T]) =
+  ## `T` must be compatible with `copyMem`, see `loadPrim`
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(0)
+  if readBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    s = newSeq[T](lenPrefix)
+    for i in 0..<lenPrefix:
+      loadPrim(f, s[i])
+
+proc loadOrderedTable*[K, T](f: var RodFile; s: var OrderedTable[K, T]) =
+  ## `T` must be compatible with `copyMem`, see `loadPrim`
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  var lenPrefix = int32(0)
+  if readBuffer(f.f, addr lenPrefix, sizeof(lenPrefix)) != sizeof(lenPrefix):
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  else:
+    s = initOrderedTable[K, T](lenPrefix)
+    for i in 0..<lenPrefix:
+      var x = default T
+      loadPrim(f, x)
+      s[x.id] = x
+
+proc storeHeader*(f: var RodFile; cookie = defaultCookie) =
+  ## stores the header which is described by `cookie`.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  if f.f.writeBytes(cookie, 0, cookie.len) != cookie.len:
+    setError f, ioFailure
+
+proc loadHeader*(f: var RodFile; cookie = defaultCookie) =
+  ## Loads the header which is described by `cookie`.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  var thisCookie: array[cookie.len, byte] = default(array[cookie.len, byte])
+  if f.f.readBytes(thisCookie, 0, thisCookie.len) != thisCookie.len:
+    setError f, ioFailure
+  elif thisCookie != cookie:
+    setError f, wrongHeader
+
+proc storeSection*(f: var RodFile; s: RodSection) =
+  ## update `currentSection` and writes the bytes value of s.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  assert f.currentSection < s
+  f.currentSection = s
+  storePrim(f, s)
+
+proc loadSection*(f: var RodFile; expected: RodSection) =
+  ## read the bytes value of s, sets and error if the section is incorrect.
+  if f.err != ok: return
+  var s: RodSection = default(RodSection)
+  loadPrim(f, s)
+  if expected != s and f.err == ok:
+    setError f, wrongSection
+
+proc create*(filename: string): RodFile =
+  ## create the file and open it for writing
+  result = default(RodFile)
+  if not open(result.f, filename, fmWrite):
+    setError result, cannotOpen
+
+proc close*(f: var RodFile) = close(f.f)
+
+proc open*(filename: string): RodFile =
+  ## open the file for reading
+  result = default(RodFile)
+  if not open(result.f, filename, fmRead):
+    setError result, cannotOpen

compiler/icconfig.nim

@@ -1,292 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## Precompiled config for the incremental compiler (`nim ic`).
-##
-## `nim ic` builds the program by spawning one `nim m` child per module (or
-## strongly-connected import group) plus a final `nim nifc`. Each child is a
-## full Nim process, so each would normally re-read the whole `nim.cfg` chain
-## *and* re-run `config.nims` through the VM — work that is identical for every
-## child and, because of the VM run, far from free. With ~85 modules in the
-## compiler itself that config work is paid ~85 times during `koch bootic`.
-##
-## The fix mirrors Nimony's `.cfg.nif`: the driver parses config once, records
-## the net effect, and the children replay it. Every config-file switch funnels
-## through `processSwitch(..., passPP, ...)` (`nimconf.parseAssignment` and the
-## `switch()` callback in `scriptconfig`), so the recorded sequence of those
-## switches, replayed in order, reproduces an identical `ConfigRef` without any
-## file read or VM run. The one config side effect that does not go through
-## `processSwitch` is `cppDefine` (it mutates `conf.cppDefines` directly), so the
-## resolved set is serialised alongside.
-##
-## Path-search switches are deliberately excluded from the recording (see
-## `commands.processSwitch`): their resolved result already lives in
-## `conf.searchPaths`, which the driver forwards to every child as absolute
-## `--path` arguments; replaying their raw, config-dir-relative arguments here
-## would misresolve.
-
-import options, commands, lineinfos, pathutils, msgs
-import std/[algorithm, os, sets, osproc, times, streams, syncio]
-import "../dist/nimony/src/lib" / [nifbuilder, nifcoreparse]
-
-const
-  IcConfigVersion* = "2"
-    ## Artifact format version. Bump on any layout change here so a child built
-    ## by an older compiler rejects a stale artifact and falls back to normal
-    ## config loading instead of replaying a format it cannot parse.
-
-proc writeIcConfig*(conf: ConfigRef; outfile: string) =
-  ## Serialise the resolved config (the config-file switches recorded during
-  ## `loadConfigs`, the resolved `cppDefines`/`searchPaths`, the nimcache dir, and
-  ## the list of config *source* files for staleness detection) into `outfile`.
-  ## `OnlyIfChanged`: when the content is byte-identical to what is already on
-  ## disk the file is left untouched so its mtime does not advance — otherwise
-  ## every `nim ic` run would re-fire the whole nifmake graph (see `nifler`'s
-  ## `produceConfig`, whose model this mirrors).
-  var b = nifbuilder.open(outfile, writeMode = OnlyIfChanged)
-  b.withTree "stmts":
-    b.withTree "meta":
-      b.addStrLit IcConfigVersion
-    b.withTree "sources":
-      # Every config file read while loading (nim.cfg chain + config.nims), so a
-      # later run can decide via mtimes whether this artifact is still current
-      # (see `sourcesChanged`).
-      for f in conf.configFiles:
-        b.addStrLit f.string
-    b.withTree "nimcache":
-      # Resolved build nimcache. Recorded (unlike the path-search switches) so the
-      # driver, which replays this artifact instead of parsing `nim.cfg`, still
-      # learns a `--nimcache:` set inside `nim.cfg` and builds in the right place.
-      b.addStrLit conf.nimcacheDir.string
-    b.withTree "cppdefines":
-      # HashSet iteration order is unspecified; sort so the artifact is
-      # byte-stable across runs (nifmake keys rebuilds off content changes).
-      var defs: seq[string] = @[]
-      for d in conf.cppDefines: defs.add d
-      sort defs
-      for d in defs: b.addStrLit d
-    b.withTree "searchpaths":
-      # The resolved (absolute) search paths. Path-search *switches* are skipped
-      # below because their raw arguments are config-dir-relative; the net effect
-      # lives here instead, so a replayer with no `--path` command-line arguments
-      # (the `nim ic` driver itself) still resolves imports. `nim m`/`nim nifc`
-      # children also receive these as forwarded `--path` args; the dedup on
-      # replay makes the overlap harmless.
-      for p in conf.searchPaths:
-        b.addStrLit p.string
-    b.withTree "switches":
-      for sw in conf.icConfigSwitches:
-        b.addTree "sw"
-        b.addStrLit sw.switch
-        b.addStrLit sw.arg
-        b.endTree()
-  b.close()
-
-proc applyIcConfig*(conf: ConfigRef; infile: string): bool =
-  ## Replay the precompiled config into `conf`. Returns false (and applies
-  ## nothing meaningful) when the artifact is missing or written by a compiler
-  ## with an incompatible format version, so the caller can fall back to reading
-  ## the config files normally.
-  if not fileExists(infile): return false
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let
-    stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-    metaTag = tags.registerTag("meta")
-    sourcesTag = tags.registerTag("sources")
-    nimcacheTag = tags.registerTag("nimcache")
-    cppTag = tags.registerTag("cppdefines")
-    pathsTag = tags.registerTag("searchpaths")
-    switchesTag = tags.registerTag("switches")
-    swTag = tags.registerTag("sw")
-  var buf = parseFromFile(infile, 1000, pool, tags)
-  var c = beginRead(buf)
-  if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-    endRead(c)
-    return false
-  var version = ""
-  var sawMeta = false
-  let info = unknownLineInfo
-  c.loopInto:
-    if c.kind == TagLit:
-      if c.cursorTagId == metaTag:
-        sawMeta = true
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == StrLit:
-            version = strVal(c)
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == nimcacheTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == StrLit:
-            let nc = strVal(c)
-            # Only when nimcache was not already pinned on the command line: a
-            # `--nimcache:` argument the driver/child was launched with must win
-            # over whatever `nim.cfg` recorded into the artifact.
-            if nc.len > 0 and conf.nimcacheDir.isEmpty:
-              conf.nimcacheDir = AbsoluteDir(nc)
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == sourcesTag:
-        # Replay does not need the source list; it exists only for
-        # `sourcesChanged`. Skip the whole section.
-        skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == cppTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == StrLit:
-            cppDefine(conf, strVal(c))
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == pathsTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == StrLit:
-            # Append preserving the serialised order (which already reflects the
-            # driver's addPath insert-at-front sequence), deduping against any
-            # path a child already received via a forwarded `--path` argument.
-            let d = AbsoluteDir(strVal(c))
-            if not conf.searchPaths.contains(d): conf.searchPaths.add d
-            inc c
-          else:
-            skip c
-      elif c.cursorTagId == switchesTag:
-        c.loopInto:
-          if c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == swTag:
-            var sw = ""
-            var arg = ""
-            var idx = 0
-            c.loopInto:
-              if c.kind == StrLit:
-                if idx == 0: sw = strVal(c)
-                else: arg = strVal(c)
-                inc idx
-                inc c
-              else:
-                skip c
-            processSwitch(sw, arg, passPP, info, conf)
-          else:
-            skip c
-      else:
-        skip c
-    else:
-      skip c
-  endRead(c)
-  result = sawMeta and version == IcConfigVersion
-
-proc sourcesChanged*(configFile: string): bool =
-  ## True when the precompiled config at `configFile` is missing, malformed,
-  ## written by an incompatible version, or any recorded config *source* file is
-  ## newer than it (or has vanished) — i.e. the artifact must be regenerated.
-  ## Mirrors nifler's `sourcesChanged`: the source list lives inside the artifact
-  ## so this needs no out-of-band knowledge of which `nim.cfg`s were read.
-  if not fileExists(configFile): return true
-  let modtime = getLastModificationTime(configFile)
-  var pool = newPool()
-  var tags = newTagPool()
-  let
-    stmtsTag = tags.registerTag("stmts")
-    metaTag = tags.registerTag("meta")
-    sourcesTag = tags.registerTag("sources")
-  var buf = parseFromFile(configFile, 1000, pool, tags)
-  var c = beginRead(buf)
-  if c.kind != TagLit or c.cursorTagId != stmtsTag:
-    endRead(c)
-    return true
-  var version = ""
-  var depsChanged = false
-  c.loopInto:
-    if c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == metaTag:
-      c.loopInto:
-        if c.kind == StrLit:
-          version = strVal(c)
-          inc c
-        else:
-          skip c
-    elif c.kind == TagLit and c.cursorTagId == sourcesTag:
-      c.loopInto:
-        if c.kind == StrLit:
-          let dep = strVal(c)
-          if not fileExists(dep) or getLastModificationTime(dep) >= modtime:
-            depsChanged = true
-          inc c
-        else:
-          skip c
-    else:
-      skip c
-  endRead(c)
-  result = depsChanged or version != IcConfigVersion
-
-proc produceIcConfig*(conf: ConfigRef) =
-  ## The `cmdIcConfig` command. By the time it runs, the normal pipeline has
-  ## already fully parsed the `nim.cfg` chain and run `config.nims`, so the
-  ## resolved config is sitting in `conf`; just serialise it to `--o`.
-  let outPath = conf.icConfigOut
-  if outPath.len == 0:
-    rawMessage(conf, errGenerated, "icconfig: missing output path (--icConfigOut)")
-    return
-  createDir(parentDir(outPath))
-  writeIcConfig(conf, outPath)
-
-proc ensureIcConfig*(conf: ConfigRef) =
-  ## Driver-side (`cmdIc`). Make sure an up-to-date precompiled config exists,
-  ## (re)producing it in a *separate* process when missing or stale, then point
-  ## `conf.icPreparsedConfig` at it so the driver replays the very same config its
-  ## `nim m`/`nim nifc` children will — perfect speed (config parsed at most once,
-  ## skipped entirely when nothing changed) and consistency (one producer, every
-  ## process replays its output). The artifact lives in the nimcache derived from
-  ## the command line (pre-config-parse), which is the one the children are told;
-  ## a `--nimcache:` set inside `nim.cfg` is recovered from the artifact itself.
-  let cacheDir = getNimcacheDir(conf).string
-  # Start from a clean cache when the on-disk NIF format stamp is absent or stale
-  # (see `icFormatVersion`). This must happen HERE, before the config artifact is
-  # produced — `commandIc` performs the same check later, but by then the artifact
-  # would already live in the cache and the wipe would delete it.
-  createDir(cacheDir)
-  let versionFile = cacheDir / "ic.version"
-  let stamp = if fileExists(versionFile): readFile(versionFile) else: ""
-  if stamp != icFormatVersion:
-    removeDir(cacheDir)
-    createDir(cacheDir)
-    writeFile(versionFile, icFormatVersion)
-  let outPath = cacheDir / "ic_config.cfg.nif"
-  if not fileExists(outPath) or sourcesChanged(outPath):
-    createDir(cacheDir)
-    # Re-invoke ourselves as the config producer: reuse this process's command
-    # line, dropping the command argument (`ic`/`track`) in favour of `icconfig`
-    # and the explicit output path. Every switch must land BEFORE the project
-    # file, because anything after the project is swallowed into
-    # `config.arguments` by `cmdLineRest` (and a non-empty `arguments` without
-    # `--run` is a hard error). Callers may legitimately put switches after the
-    # project — `nim track PROJ --def:...` — so we re-order rather than replay
-    # verbatim: all `-`-prefixed switches first (in encounter order), then the
-    # non-switch project token(s). The producer re-reads `nim.cfg` itself.
-    var pargs = @["icconfig", "--icConfigOut:" & outPath]
-    var rest: seq[string] = @[]
-    var droppedCmd = false
-    for a in commandLineParams():
-      if a.len == 0: continue
-      if a[0] == '-':
-        pargs.add a
-      elif not droppedCmd:
-        droppedCmd = true  # drop the original command token (`ic`/`track`)
-      else:
-        rest.add a  # project file (and any further non-switch tokens) go last
-    for a in rest: pargs.add a
-    let p = startProcess(getAppFilename(), args = pargs,
-                         options = {poStdErrToStdOut})
-    let outp = p.outputStream.readAll()
-    let code = p.waitForExit()
-    p.close()
-    if code != 0 or not fileExists(outPath):
-      rawMessage(conf, errGenerated,
-        "failed to produce precompiled config (exit code " & $code & "):\n" & outp)
-      return
-  conf.icPreparsedConfig = outPath

compiler/icmodnames.nim

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## Nim's OWN module-suffix, replacing nimony's `gear2/modnames.moduleSuffix`.
-##
-## nimony's version hashes a path made RELATIVE to `getCurrentDir()` (or the
-## shortest search-path-relative form), so the produced suffix depends on the
-## current working directory AND the searchPath set. Under `nim ic` the
-## DISCOVERY pass (`deps.nim`, in the driver process) and the COMPILE pass
-## (`nifgen`/`typekeys`, in a child `nim m` process) can run with different CWDs
-## or `--path` sets, so the SAME file hashes to two different suffixes: e.g.
-## `std/staticos` became `sta5rk8sn1` at discovery but `sta4c0qxk` at compile, so
-## every importer waited forever for a `.s.bif` that was actually written under
-## the other name — a cold `nim ic` build (of anything pulling in `std/os`, whose
-## `oscommon` does `from std/staticos import PathComponent`) never converged.
-##
-## Hashing the CANONICAL ABSOLUTE path makes the suffix a pure function of the
-## file, identical across every process and call site. The base-name prefix +
-## base-36 `uhash` layout is kept byte-for-byte compatible with the old scheme so
-## nothing but the hashed string changes.
-
-import std/os
-import "../dist/nimony/src/lib" / tinyhashes
-
-const
-  PrefixLen = 3 # keep it short: the suffix ends up in every mangled C name
-  Base36 = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-
-proc moduleSuffix*(path: string; searchPaths: openArray[string]): string =
-  ## `searchPaths` is accepted for signature-compatibility with the replaced
-  ## `modnames.moduleSuffix` but is deliberately IGNORED — the suffix must not
-  ## depend on the search-path set or the CWD (see the module doc).
-  # Absolute inputs (the norm at every call site: `toFullPath`/`projectFull`)
-  # pass straight through `normalizedPath` with no `getCurrentDir` involvement;
-  # a stray relative path is made absolute against the CWD only as a fallback.
-  var f = path
-  if not isAbsolute(f):
-    try: f = absolutePath(f)
-    except CatchableError: discard
-  f = normalizedPath(f)
-  let m = splitFile(f).name
-  var id = uhash(f)
-  result = newStringOfCap(10)
-  for i in 0 ..< min(m.len, PrefixLen):
-    result.add m[i]
-  # base-36 of the hash, low digit first (order is irrelevant for identity).
-  while id > 0'u32:
-    result.add Base36[int(id mod 36'u32)]
-    id = id div 36'u32

compiler/icnifcore.nim

@@ -1,252 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## nifcore-based IC serialization helpers — Stage 1 of porting the IC backend
-## from the old `nifstreams`/`nifcursors` NIF stack to `nifcore` (see
-## `doc/ic_nifcore_port.md`).
-##
-## It hosts:
-## * the process-wide shared `Pool`/`TagPool` that stands in for the old global
-##   `nifstreams.pool`,
-## * `writeFileStable`, the content-stable file writer mirroring
-##   `nifcursors.writeFile(..., OnlyIfChanged)`,
-## * the first ported writer (`writeSemDeps`), used as the migration spike.
-##
-## No `nifstreams`/`nifcursors` types cross this module's boundary: callers pass
-## plain Nim values (config, ids, string lists), so it can coexist with the
-## still-old-API `ast2nif.nim` during the migration.
-
-import std / [syncio, algorithm]
-from std / os import removeFile, moveFile
-import options, pathutils, typekeys
-import "../dist/nimony/src/lib" / [nifcore, nifcoreparse, nifreader, bif]
-
-# One shared literals pool + tag pool for the whole process — the nifcore
-# analogue of the old global `nifstreams.pool`. A single shared pool keeps
-# string/symbol/file ids stable across every TokenBuf the IC backend builds,
-# preserving the old global-pool semantics during the migration. (Stage 6 may
-# move to fresh per-file pools for bif's fast path; see doc/ic_nifcore_port.md.)
-let icPool* = newPool()
-let icTags* = newTagPool()
-
-proc createIcBuf*(cap = 16): TokenBuf {.inline.} =
-  ## A `TokenBuf` bound to the shared IC pools.
-  createTokenBuf(cap, icPool, icTags)
-
-proc tagId*(s: string): TagId {.inline.} =
-  ## Intern a tag name in the shared tag pool.
-  icTags.registerTag(s)
-
-type
-  IcBuilder* = object
-    ## A thin nifcore `TokenBuf` builder whose surface is *primitive types only*
-    ## (strings/ints/floats). It lets the still-old-API `ast2nif.nim` drive a
-    ## nifcore buffer without any nifcore type crossing the module boundary —
-    ## the bridge that routes IC output onto the nifcore serializer (Stage 2).
-    buf*: TokenBuf
-
-proc newIcBuilder*(cap = 16): IcBuilder = IcBuilder(buf: createIcBuf(cap))
-
-proc openTag*(b: var IcBuilder; tag: string) {.inline.} = b.buf.openTag(tagId(tag))
-proc closeTag*(b: var IcBuilder) {.inline.} = b.buf.closeTag()
-proc addSymUse*(b: var IcBuilder; s: string) {.inline.} = b.buf.addSymUse(s)
-proc addSymDef*(b: var IcBuilder; s: string) {.inline.} = b.buf.addSymDef(s)
-proc addIdent*(b: var IcBuilder; s: string) {.inline.} = b.buf.addIdent(s)
-proc addStrLit*(b: var IcBuilder; s: string) {.inline.} = b.buf.addStrLit(s)
-proc addIntLit*(b: var IcBuilder; v: int64) {.inline.} = b.buf.addIntLit(v)
-proc addUIntLit*(b: var IcBuilder; v: uint64) {.inline.} = b.buf.addUIntLit(v)
-proc addFloatLit*(b: var IcBuilder; v: float64) {.inline.} = b.buf.addFloatLit(v)
-proc addCharLit*(b: var IcBuilder; c: char) {.inline.} = b.buf.addCharLit(c)
-proc addDotToken*(b: var IcBuilder) {.inline.} = b.buf.addDotToken()
-
-proc lineInfo*(b: var IcBuilder; file: string; line, col: int32; comment = "") =
-  ## Attach line info (+ optional `#comment#`) to the head just emitted. No-op
-  ## when `file` is empty (matches the old "emit only when info is valid").
-  ## Strings are interned in the shared pools; the file/comment ids reproduce
-  ## the old `pool.files`/`pool.strings` entries by string value.
-  if file.len == 0: return
-  let fid = icPool.filenames.getOrIncl(file)
-  let cid = if comment.len > 0: icPool.strings.getOrIncl(comment) else: StrId(0)
-  b.buf.appendLineInfo(fid, line, col, cid)
-
-proc writeFileStable*(b: var TokenBuf; path: string; onlyIfChanged = false) =
-  ## Serialize `b` to canonical module NIF text and write it. Mirrors
-  ## `nifcursors.writeFile`: the module suffix is derived from `path`
-  ## (`"." & extractModuleSuffix`), and `onlyIfChanged` skips the write when the
-  ## on-disk bytes already match — the content-stability nifmake's incremental
-  ## rebuild depends on.
-  let content = toModuleString(b, "." & extractModuleSuffix(path))
-  if onlyIfChanged:
-    let existing =
-      try: readFile(path)
-      except CatchableError: ""
-    if existing == content: return
-  writeFile(path, content)
-
-proc writeStable*(b: var IcBuilder; path: string; onlyIfChanged = false) {.inline.} =
-  writeFileStable(b.buf, path, onlyIfChanged)
-
-proc cursorPool*(c: Cursor): Pool {.inline.} = nifcore.pool(c)
-  ## The literals pool the cursor's buffer was built against. `ast2nif.nim`
-  ## imports `nifcore` with `except pool` (to keep nifstreams' global `pool`
-  ## var the writer uses), so the reader reaches a cursor's pool through here —
-  ## needed once `bif`-loaded buffers carry their OWN fresh pool rather than the
-  ## shared `icPool`.
-
-proc freshModuleCopy(b: var IcBuilder): TokenBuf =
-  ## Re-home `b.buf` into a PRIVATE, module-local pool via `addSubtree` (which
-  ## re-interns only the literals/tags this buffer actually uses). `b.buf` is bound
-  ## to the process-wide shared `icPool`/`icTags`; storing it directly would embed
-  ## the WHOLE shared pool (correct but huge — see `bif.storeToFile`). The copy's
-  ## fresh-pool reload reproduces ids verbatim (the bif fresh-pool INVARIANT).
-  result = createTokenBuf(b.buf.len, newPool(), newTagPool())
-  var c = b.buf.beginRead()
-  while c.hasMore:
-    addSubtree(result, c)
-    skip c
-
-proc storeBif*(b: var IcBuilder; path: string; dottedSuffix: string) =
-  ## Persist the buffer as a compact, self-contained binary NIF (`.bif`).
-  var fresh = freshModuleCopy(b)
-  bif.store(fresh, path, dottedSuffix)
-
-proc storeBifStable*(b: var IcBuilder; path: string; dottedSuffix: string) =
-  ## Content-stable `bif` write — the binary analogue of `writeFileStable`'s
-  ## `onlyIfChanged`: only replace `path` when the encoded bytes differ, so an
-  ## unchanged sidecar keeps its mtime and nifmake prunes the dependent rebuild
-  ## cascade. Used for the iface/impl cookies + dep sidecars whose byte-stability
-  ## gates incremental builds. (bif encoding is deterministic for a given buffer
-  ## under fresh pools, so equal content ⇒ equal bytes.)
-  var fresh = freshModuleCopy(b)
-  let tmp = path & ".tmp"
-  bif.store(fresh, tmp, dottedSuffix)
-  let newBytes = readFile(tmp)
-  let oldBytes =
-    try: readFile(path)
-    except CatchableError: ""
-  if newBytes == oldBytes:
-    removeFile(tmp)
-  else:
-    moveFile(tmp, path)
-
-# --- subtree splicing (shared pool, so a raw subtree copy is exact) ----------
-
-proc addAll*(dest: var IcBuilder; src: var IcBuilder) =
-  ## Append every top-level subtree of `src` into `dest` — the nifcore analogue
-  ## of the old `dest.add wholeBuffer` splice.
-  var c = src.buf.beginRead()
-  while c.hasMore:
-    addSubtree(dest.buf, c)
-    skip c
-
-proc addStmtsBody*(dest: var IcBuilder; src: var IcBuilder) =
-  ## Append the BODY of a `(stmts . . <body> )` builder into `dest`, dropping the
-  ## wrapper tag and its two leading dot slots (flags/type) — the nifcore
-  ## analogue of the old `for i in 3 ..< content.len-1: dest.add content[i]`.
-  var c = src.buf.beginRead()   # at (stmts
-  c.into:
-    skip c   # flags dot
-    skip c   # type dot
-    while c.hasMore:
-      addSubtree(dest.buf, c)
-      skip c
-
-# --- cookie input: a line-info-free logical token list of the module ---------
-# The cookie hashers (ast2nif) need a flat, ParRi-bearing, index-addressable
-# view of the serialized module. nifcore has no ParRi kind and variable-width
-# tokens, so we flatten the buffer here (in the clean nifcore world) into a
-# neutral `CookieTok` list — no nifcore type crosses into ast2nif.
-
-type
-  CookieKind* = enum
-    ckParLe, ckParRi, ckSym, ckSymDef, ckIdent, ckStr, ckInt, ckUInt, ckFloat, ckChar, ckDot
-  CookieTok* = object
-    kind*: CookieKind
-    tag*: string       # ckParLe
-    name*: string      # ckSym / ckSymDef
-    sym*: uint32       # ckSym / ckSymDef id (identity key)
-    str*: string       # ckIdent / ckStr
-    ival*: int64
-    uval*: uint64
-    fval*: float64
-    cval*: uint32
-
-proc flattenGo(c: var Cursor; b: TokenBuf; acc: var seq[CookieTok]) =
-  while c.hasMore:
-    case c.kind
-    of TagLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckParLe, tag: b.tags.tagName(c.cursorTagId))
-      c.into:
-        flattenGo(c, b, acc)
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckParRi)
-    of Symbol:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckSym, name: symName(c, b.pool), sym: uint32(symId(c, b.pool)))
-      skip c
-    of SymbolDef:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckSymDef, name: symName(c, b.pool), sym: uint32(symId(c, b.pool)))
-      skip c
-    of Ident:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckIdent, str: strVal(c, b.pool)); skip c
-    of StrLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckStr, str: strVal(c, b.pool)); skip c
-    of IntLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckInt, ival: intVal(c)); skip c
-    of UIntLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckUInt, uval: uintVal(c)); skip c
-    of FloatLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckFloat, fval: floatVal(c)); skip c
-    of CharLit:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckChar, cval: uint32(ord(charLit(c)))); skip c
-    of DotToken:
-      acc.add CookieTok(kind: ckDot); skip c
-    else:
-      skip c   # LineInfoLit / ExtendedSuffix ride on heads, never standalone
-
-proc flattenForCookie*(b: var IcBuilder): seq[CookieTok] =
-  ## Flatten the nifcore module buffer to the cookie hashers' flat token list.
-  result = newSeqOfCap[CookieTok](b.buf.len)
-  var cur = b.buf.beginRead()
-  flattenGo(cur, b.buf, result)
-
-proc collectBifStrLits*(path: string): seq[string] =
-  ## Read a small `(tag "s" "s" …)` bif sidecar (`semdeps`/`edges`) and return every
-  ## string literal it holds, in order — the binary analogue of the old nifstreams
-  ## scan that collected `StrLit`s. Keeps nifcore types out of `deps.nim`, which
-  ## only needs the recorded string list.
-  ##
-  ## Uses `loadFromFile` (a full read into owned memory) rather than the mmap-backed
-  ## `bif.load`, then CLOSES the handle. `bif.load` intentionally leaves the mapping
-  ## resident for the process lifetime; for the `nim ic` driver that reads these
-  ## sidecars while `nim m` children rewrite them, a lingering read mapping is a
-  ## Windows sharing violation: the child's `open(path, fmWrite)` fails with
-  ## `IOError: cannot open`. These sidecars are tiny, so the zero-copy mmap buys
-  ## nothing here anyway.
-  result = @[]
-  var f = open(path, fmRead)
-  var m = bif.loadFromFile(f)
-  close(f)
-  var c = m.buf.beginRead()
-  while c.hasMore:
-    if c.kind == StrLit: result.add strVal(c)
-    inc c
-
-proc writeSemDeps*(config: ConfigRef; thisModule: int32; importPaths: seq[string]) =
-  ## Stage 1 spike: the nifcore port of `ast2nif.writeSemDeps`. Serializes the
-  ## module's resolved direct imports as `(semdeps "path" ...)`. Byte-identical
-  ## to the old writer (verified), so `nim ic` build graphs are unaffected.
-  let selfSuffix = modname(thisModule, config)
-  var paths = importPaths
-  sort paths
-  var dest = newIcBuilder(4 + 2*paths.len)
-  dest.openTag "semdeps"
-  for p in paths:
-    dest.addStrLit p
-  dest.closeTag()
-  let path = toGeneratedFile(config, AbsoluteFile(selfSuffix), ".s.deps.bif").string
-  storeBifStable(dest, path, "." & extractModuleSuffix(path))

compiler/idetools.nim

@@ -1,279 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## NIF-based goto-definition / find-all-usages for `nim track`.
-##
-## This is the mainline-Nim port of nimony's `idetools.nim`. It answers a
-## `--def:FILE,LINE,COL` / `--usages:FILE,LINE,COL` query by *scanning the
-## `.s.bif` files* (binary NIF, see `dist/nimony/src/lib/bif.nim`) that the
-## preceding `nim ic` frontend (`nim track`) emitted into the nimcache directory
-## — NOT by re-running sem. NIF distinguishes a definition (`SymbolDef` token) from a use
-## (`Symbol` token) syntactically, so goto-def / find-uses become plain token
-## scans over type-checked NIF, which is more reliable than the classic PSym
-## engine because generics and macros are type-checked in the NIF too.
-##
-## Two passes (mirroring nimony's `usages`):
-##  1. Load the queried module's `.s.bif` and find the `Symbol`/`SymbolDef`
-##     token whose line info + identifier length contains `conf.m.trackPos`.
-##     That yields the mangled symbol NAME and whether it is global (>= 2 dots).
-##  2. `--usages`: emit every `Symbol` (use) token; `--def`: every `SymbolDef`.
-##     A global symbol is scanned across every module `.s.bif`; a local one only
-##     within the queried module.
-##
-## IMPORTANT porting note: `bif.load` mints FRESH per-file pools, so a `SymId`
-## from module A's buffer is meaningless in module B's. The cross-module match is
-## therefore by the mangled NAME string, never by `SymId` (nimony can compare ids
-## because it parses every text NIF into one shared global pool; we cannot).
-
-import std / [os, strutils, sets]
-import options, msgs, pathutils
-import lineinfos as astli
-import ast2nif   # toNifFilename
-from deps import includerSbifs   # deps-guided include-file lookup
-import "../dist/nimony/src/lib/nifcore"
-from "../dist/nimony/src/lib" / bif import load, BifModule, containsSym
-
-proc identLen(name: string): int =
-  ## Length of the displayed identifier: the run before the first `.` of a
-  ## mangled NIF name (`ident.disamb[.moduleSuffix]`). Bounds the column match.
-  let d = name.find('.')
-  result = if d < 0: name.len else: d
-
-proc isGlobalName(name: string): bool =
-  ## A global symbol carries `ident.disamb.moduleSuffix` (>= 2 dots); a local at
-  ## most `ident.disamb` (<= 1 dot). `moduleSuffix` is a dot-free hash, so a raw
-  ## dot count is equivalent to nifbuilder's suffix-compressed test for our use.
-  var dots = 0
-  for i in 1 ..< name.len:
-    if name[i] == '.': inc dots
-  result = dots >= 2
-
-proc posMatch(c: Cursor; conf: ConfigRef; target: TLineInfo; tokenLen: int): bool =
-  ## True when `target` (the queried position) falls within the identifier span
-  ## of the Symbol/SymbolDef token at `c`. Mirrors nimony's `lineInfoMatch`; the
-  ## filename is resolved through the loaded buffer's own pool (fresh per file),
-  ## then mapped to a `FileIndex` exactly like `ast2nif.oldLineInfo`.
-  let li = rawLineInfo(c)
-  if not li.isValid: return false
-  if li.line.int != target.line.int: return false
-  let f = fileInfoIdx(conf, AbsoluteFile lineInfoFile(c))
-  if f != target.fileIndex: return false
-  if target.col.int < li.col.int: return false
-  if target.col.int > li.col.int + tokenLen: return false
-  result = true
-
-const sep = '\t'
-
-proc formatSuggest(s: Suggest): string =
-  ## Reproduce `suggest.$Suggest` for the `ideDef`/`ideUse` sections without
-  ## importing `suggest` (which would create an import cycle). Layout:
-  ## `section⭾symkind⭾qualifiedPath⭾forth⭾filePath⭾line⭾column⭾⭾quality`.
-  ## symkind is always `skUnknown` here — the raw NIF scan has no PSym to give a
-  ## real kind (like nimony's `foundSymbol`, which leaves it empty).
-  result = $s.section
-  result.add sep
-  result.add "skUnknown"
-  result.add sep
-  if s.qualifiedPath.len != 0:
-    result.add s.qualifiedPath.join(".")
-  result.add sep
-  result.add s.forth
-  result.add sep
-  result.add s.filePath
-  result.add sep
-  result.add $s.line
-  result.add sep
-  result.add $s.column
-  result.add sep            # empty doc field (docgen is off outside nimsuggest)
-  if s.version == 0 or s.version == 3:
-    result.add sep
-    result.add $s.quality
-
-proc emit(conf: ConfigRef; c: Cursor; section: IdeCmd; name: string;
-          seen: var HashSet[string]) =
-  ## Report one hit as a nimsuggest-compatible result (routed through the
-  ## structured-output hook / `--stdout`). We only have the mangled name + line
-  ## info from the raw NIF, so symkind/type are left empty — like nimony's
-  ## `foundSymbol`. `seen` deduplicates: the same source location can back
-  ## several NIF `Symbol` tokens (e.g. a call argument re-emitted in a lowered
-  ## form), which must surface as one hit.
-  let li = rawLineInfo(c)
-  if not li.isValid: return
-  let key = $section.int & ":" & lineInfoFile(c) & ":" & $li.line.int & ":" & $li.col.int
-  if seen.containsOrIncl(key):
-    return  # already reported this location for this section
-  let s = Suggest(section: section,
-                  qualifiedPath: @[name[0 ..< identLen(name)]],
-                  filePath: lineInfoFile(c),
-                  line: li.line.int,
-                  column: li.col.int,
-                  tokenLen: identLen(name),
-                  forth: "",
-                  symkind: 0'u8,
-                  quality: 100,
-                  version: conf.suggestVersion)
-  if conf.suggestionResultHook != nil:
-    conf.suggestionResultHook(s)
-  else:
-    conf.suggestWriteln(formatSuggest(s))
-
-proc tokenSymId(c: Cursor): SymId {.inline.} =
-  ## SymId (in the cursor's own per-file pool) of a `Symbol`/`SymbolDef` token,
-  ## or `SymId(0)` for an inline-encoded one — which is never our search target:
-  ## a mangled name (`ident.disamb.suffix`) is always longer than
-  ## `StrInlineMaxLen`, so every occurrence of the symbol we look for is stored by
-  ## pool id, decoded here with a shift and no string materialization.
-  if isInlineLit(c): SymId(0) else: SymId(combinedPayload(c) shr 1)
-
-template symMatches(c: Cursor): bool =
-  ## True when the token at `c` is the searched symbol. The fast path is a pure
-  ## integer compare against `targetSym` (the symbol's id in THIS module's pool,
-  ## resolved once per file by the caller). `targetSym == 0` means the name is not
-  ## representable as a pool id (a rare <=3-byte local): fall back to a string
-  ## compare, correct for both inline and pooled encodings.
-  (if targetSym != SymId(0): tokenSymId(c) == targetSym else: symName(c) == targetName)
-
-proc scanUses(conf: ConfigRef; m: var BifModule; targetSym: SymId; targetName: string;
-              seen: var HashSet[string]) =
-  ## `--usages`: report every `Symbol` (use) occurrence with valid line info.
-  if m.buf.len == 0: return
-  var c = m.buf.beginRead()
-  while c.hasMore:
-    if c.kind == Symbol and symMatches(c) and rawLineInfo(c).isValid:
-      emit(conf, c, ideUse, targetName, seen)
-    inc c
-  c.endRead()
-
-proc scanDef(conf: ConfigRef; m: var BifModule; targetSym: SymId; targetName: string;
-             seen: var HashSet[string]) =
-  ## `--def`: report the declaration of the target symbol if this module owns it
-  ## (has its `SymbolDef`). The `SymbolDef` token itself carries no line info; the
-  ## declaration location lives on the *enclosing tag* (e.g. `(sd @file:line:col`,
-  ## like `bif.buildIndex`'s `mostRecentTagPos`). When that tag has no line info
-  ## either, fall back to the declaration-site `Symbol` occurrence — but only in
-  ## the owning module, so a plain user of the symbol is never reported as a def.
-  if m.buf.len == 0: return
-  var c = m.buf.beginRead()
-  var mostRecentTagPos = 0
-  var sawDef = false
-  var emitted = false
-  var fallbackPos = -1
-  while c.hasMore:
-    case c.kind
-    of TagLit:
-      mostRecentTagPos = cursorToPosition(m.buf, c)
-      inc c
-    of SymbolDef:
-      if symMatches(c):
-        sawDef = true
-        var tc = cursorAt(m.buf, mostRecentTagPos)
-        if rawLineInfo(tc).isValid:
-          emit(conf, tc, ideDef, targetName, seen)
-          emitted = true
-        tc.endRead()
-      inc c
-    of Symbol:
-      if fallbackPos < 0 and symMatches(c) and rawLineInfo(c).isValid:
-        fallbackPos = cursorToPosition(m.buf, c)
-      inc c
-    else:
-      inc c
-  c.endRead()
-  if sawDef and not emitted and fallbackPos >= 0:
-    var fc = cursorAt(m.buf, fallbackPos)
-    emit(conf, fc, ideDef, targetName, seen)
-    fc.endRead()
-
-proc scanBuf(conf: ConfigRef; m: var BifModule; section: IdeCmd;
-             targetSym: SymId; targetName: string; seen: var HashSet[string]) =
-  ## Emit hits for the target symbol in `m` per the query kind. `ideDus`
-  ## (`--defusages`) reports both the definition and every usage.
-  if section in {ideDef, ideDus}:
-    scanDef(conf, m, targetSym, targetName, seen)
-  if section in {ideUse, ideDus}:
-    scanUses(conf, m, targetSym, targetName, seen)
-
-proc findPos(conf: ConfigRef; m: var BifModule; target: TLineInfo;
-             foundName: var string): bool =
-  ## Scan `m` for the `Symbol`/`SymbolDef` token covering the queried position
-  ## `target` and set `foundName` to its mangled name. Returns true on a hit.
-  if m.buf.len == 0: return false
-  var c = m.buf.beginRead()
-  result = false
-  while c.hasMore:
-    let k = c.kind
-    if k == Symbol or k == SymbolDef:
-      let nm = symName(c)
-      if posMatch(c, conf, target, identLen(nm)):
-        foundName = nm
-        result = true
-        break
-    inc c
-  c.endRead()
-
-proc runIdeQuery*(conf: ConfigRef) =
-  ## Entry point: called from `main.nim` after `commandCheck` when a
-  ## `--def`/`--usages` query is active. Assumes the check just emitted the
-  ## project's `.s.bif` files into `getNimcacheDir(conf)`.
-  let section = conf.ideCmd
-  if section notin {ideDef, ideUse, ideDus}: return
-  let target = conf.m.trackPos
-  if target.fileIndex.int32 < 0: return
-
-  # Pass 1: position -> symbol. Try the queried file's own module bif first (the
-  # fast path when the position is inside a real module). An include file has no
-  # module bif of its own — its tokens live in the *including* module's bif with
-  # include-file line info — so when the direct lookup misses, consult the
-  # `.deps.nif` preludes (`includerSbifs`) to load only the module(s) that
-  # include the queried file (directly or transitively), never every bif in the
-  # nimcache. `ownerFile` is the bif that owns the hit.
-  let modFile = toNifFilename(conf, target.fileIndex)
-  var foundName = ""
-  var ownerFile = ""
-  if fileExists(modFile):
-    var qm = load(modFile)
-    if findPos(conf, qm, target, foundName):
-      ownerFile = modFile
-  if foundName.len == 0:
-    for cand in includerSbifs(conf, toFullPath(conf, target.fileIndex).AbsoluteFile):
-      if cand == modFile: continue
-      var m = load(cand)
-      if findPos(conf, m, target, foundName):
-        ownerFile = cand
-        break
-  if foundName.len == 0: return
-
-  # Pass 2: emit definition / usages. `seen` spans every module so a location is
-  # reported once even when scanned across the whole nimcache.
-  #
-  # Cross-file matching is by SymId, not by decoding every token's name. Two
-  # filters keep it cheap:
-  #   1. `bif.containsSym` — a sym-table-only probe that reads just the small
-  #      trailing pools, NOT the token block or any `BiTable`. A module that never
-  #      references the symbol is rejected here without a full `load` (no pools
-  #      built, no token block mapped) — so a query whose symbol lives in a few
-  #      modules no longer pays to load the whole nimcache.
-  #   2. For a module that does contain it, `bif.load` mints a fresh per-file pool,
-  #      so the name is resolved to THIS file's SymId once via `getKeyId`; the scan
-  #      then compares integer ids per token instead of materializing a string for
-  #      each (see `symMatches`).
-  var seen = initHashSet[string]()
-  if isGlobalName(foundName):
-    for f in walkFiles((getNimcacheDir(conf).string) / "*.s.bif"):
-      if not containsSym(f, foundName): continue
-      var m = load(f)
-      let tid = m.buf.pool.syms.getKeyId(foundName)
-      if tid != SymId(0):
-        scanBuf(conf, m, section, tid, foundName, seen)
-  else:
-    # Local symbol: its mangled name is not unique across modules, so restrict
-    # the scan to the module it lives in (the one that owns the queried position).
-    var qm = load(ownerFile)
-    let tid = qm.buf.pool.syms.getKeyId(foundName)
-    scanBuf(conf, qm, section, tid, foundName, seen)

compiler/importer.nim

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@
 ## This module implements the symbol importing mechanism.
 
 import
-  ast, msgs, options, idents, lookups,
+  ast, astalgo, msgs, options, idents, lookups,
   semdata, modulepaths, sigmatch, lineinfos,
   modulegraphs, wordrecg
-from std/strutils import `%`, startsWith, replace
+from std/strutils import `%`, startsWith
 from std/sequtils import addUnique
 import std/[sets, tables, intsets]
 
@@ -108,8 +108,8 @@ proc rawImportSymbol(c: PContext, s, origin: PSym; importSet: var IntSet) =
           else:
             importPureEnumField(c, e)
   else:
-    if s.kind == skConverter: addConverter(c, s)
-    if hasPattern(s): addPattern(c, s)
+    if s.kind == skConverter: addConverter(c, LazySym(sym: s))
+    if hasPattern(s): addPattern(c, LazySym(sym: s))
   if s.owner != origin:
     c.exportIndirections.incl((origin.id, s.id))
 
@@ -190,19 +190,22 @@ proc addImport(c: PContext; im: sink ImportedModule) =
 template addUnnamedIt(c: PContext, fromMod: PSym; filter: untyped) {.dirty.} =
   for it in mitems c.graph.ifaces[fromMod.position].converters:
     if filter:
-      if sfExported in it.flags:
+      loadPackedSym(c.graph, it)
+      if sfExported in it.sym.flags:
         addConverter(c, it)
   for it in mitems c.graph.ifaces[fromMod.position].patterns:
     if filter:
-      if sfExported in it.flags:
+      loadPackedSym(c.graph, it)
+      if sfExported in it.sym.flags:
         addPattern(c, it)
   for it in mitems c.graph.ifaces[fromMod.position].pureEnums:
     if filter:
-      importPureEnumFields(c, it, it.typ)
+      loadPackedSym(c.graph, it)
+      importPureEnumFields(c, it.sym, it.sym.typ)
 
 proc importAllSymbolsExcept(c: PContext, fromMod: PSym, exceptSet: IntSet) =
   c.addImport ImportedModule(m: fromMod, mode: importExcept, exceptSet: exceptSet)
-  addUnnamedIt(c, fromMod, it.name.id notin exceptSet)
+  addUnnamedIt(c, fromMod, it.sym.name.id notin exceptSet)
 
 proc importAllSymbols*(c: PContext, fromMod: PSym) =
   c.addImport ImportedModule(m: fromMod, mode: importAll)
@@ -228,7 +231,7 @@ proc importForwarded(c: PContext, n: PNode, exceptSet: IntSet; fromMod: PSym; im
     for i in 0..n.safeLen-1:
       importForwarded(c, n[i], exceptSet, fromMod, importSet)
 
-proc importModuleAs(c: PContext; n: PNode, realModule: PSym, importHidden, trackUnusedImport: bool): PSym =
+proc importModuleAs(c: PContext; n: PNode, realModule: PSym, importHidden: bool): PSym =
   result = realModule
   template createModuleAliasImpl(ident): untyped =
     createModuleAlias(realModule, c.idgen, ident, n.info, c.config.options)
@@ -242,12 +245,9 @@ proc importModuleAs(c: PContext; n: PNode, realModule: PSym, importHidden, track
     # avoids modifying `realModule`, see D20201209T194412 for `import {.all.}`
     result = createModuleAliasImpl(realModule.name)
   if importHidden:
-    ensureMutable result
-    result.optionsImpl.incl optImportHidden
-  let moduleIdent = if n.kind in {nkInfix, nkImportAs}: n[^1] else: n
-  result.info = moduleIdent.info
-  if trackUnusedImport:
-    c.unusedImports.add((result, result.info))
+    result.options.incl optImportHidden
+  let moduleIdent = if n.kind == nkInfix: n[^1] else: n
+  c.unusedImports.add((result, moduleIdent.info))
   c.importModuleMap[result.id] = realModule.id
   c.importModuleLookup.mgetOrPut(result.name.id, @[]).addUnique realModule.id
 
@@ -288,10 +288,10 @@ proc myImportModule(c: PContext, n: var PNode, importStmtResult: PNode): PSym =
                 toFullPath(c.config, c.graph.importStack[i+1])
       c.recursiveDep = err
 
-    let trackUnusedImport = warnUnusedImportX in c.config.notes
+    var realModule: PSym
     discard pushOptionEntry(c)
-    let realModule = c.graph.importModuleCallback(c.graph, c.module, f)
-    result = importModuleAs(c, n, realModule, transf.importHidden, trackUnusedImport)
+    realModule = c.graph.importModuleCallback(c.graph, c.module, f)
+    result = importModuleAs(c, n, realModule, transf.importHidden)
     popOptionEntry(c)
 
     #echo "set back to ", L
@@ -304,9 +304,9 @@ proc myImportModule(c: PContext, n: var PNode, importStmtResult: PNode): PSym =
       var prefix = ""
       if realModule.constraint != nil: prefix = realModule.constraint.strVal & "; "
       message(c.config, n.info, warnDeprecated, prefix & realModule.name.s & " is deprecated")
-    let moduleNameNorm = getModuleName(c.config, n).replace("\\", "/")
-    if belongsToStdlib(c.graph, result) and not startsWith(moduleNameNorm, stdPrefix) and
-        not startsWith(moduleNameNorm, "system/") and not startsWith(moduleNameNorm, "packages/"):
+    let moduleName = getModuleName(c.config, n)
+    if belongsToStdlib(c.graph, result) and not startsWith(moduleName, stdPrefix) and
+        not startsWith(moduleName, "system/") and not startsWith(moduleName, "packages/"):
       message(c.config, n.info, warnStdPrefix, realModule.name.s)
 
     proc suggestMod(n: PNode; s: PSym) =
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ proc impMod(c: PContext; it: PNode; importStmtResult: PNode) =
   let m = myImportModule(c, it, importStmtResult)
   if m != nil:
     # ``addDecl`` needs to be done before ``importAllSymbols``!
-    addDecl(c, m) # add symbol to symbol table of module
+    addDecl(c, m, it.info) # add symbol to symbol table of module
     importAllSymbols(c, m)
     #importForwarded(c, m.ast, emptySet, m)
     afterImport(c, m)
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ proc evalFrom*(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   var m = myImportModule(c, n[0], result)
   if m != nil:
     n[0] = newSymNode(m)
-    addDecl(c, m)               # add symbol to symbol table of module
+    addDecl(c, m, n.info)               # add symbol to symbol table of module
 
     var im = ImportedModule(m: m, mode: importSet, imported: initIntSet())
     for i in 1..<n.len:
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@ proc evalImportExcept*(c: PContext, n: PNode): PNode =
   var m = myImportModule(c, n[0], result)
   if m != nil:
     n[0] = newSymNode(m)
-    addDecl(c, m)               # add symbol to symbol table of module
+    addDecl(c, m, n.info)               # add symbol to symbol table of module
     importAllSymbolsExcept(c, m, readExceptSet(c, n))
     #importForwarded(c, m.ast, exceptSet, m)
     afterImport(c, m)

compiler/injectdestructors.nim

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ import std/[strtabs, tables, strutils, intsets]
 when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
   import std/assertions
 
-from trees import exprStructuralEquivalent, getRoot, whichPragma, getPotentialWrites
+from trees import exprStructuralEquivalent, getRoot, whichPragma
 
 type
   Con = object
@@ -69,14 +69,12 @@ proc hasDestructor(c: Con; t: PType): bool {.inline.} =
   result = ast.hasDestructor(t)
   when toDebug.len > 0:
     # for more effective debugging
-    if not result and c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc}:
+    if not result and c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc}:
       assert(not containsGarbageCollectedRef(t))
 
-proc getTemp(c: var Con; s: var Scope; typ: PType; info: TLineInfo; needsInit: bool): PNode =
+proc getTemp(c: var Con; s: var Scope; typ: PType; info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   let sym = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.graph.cache, ":tmpD"), c.idgen, c.owner, info)
   sym.typ = typ
-  if not needsInit:
-    sym.incl sfNoInit
   s.vars.add(sym)
   result = newSymNode(sym)
 
@@ -102,7 +100,6 @@ when false:
 proc isLastReadImpl(n: PNode; c: var Con; scope: var Scope): bool =
   let root = parampatterns.exprRoot(n, allowCalls=false)
   if root == nil: return false
-  elif sfSingleUsedTemp in root.flags: return true
 
   var s = addr(scope)
   while s != nil:
@@ -165,16 +162,13 @@ proc isLastReadImpl(n: PNode; c: var Con; scope: var Scope): bool =
   else:
     result = false
 
-template hasDestructorOrAsgn(c: var Con, typ: PType): bool =
-  # bug #23354; an object type could have a non-trivial assignements when it is passed to a sink parameter
-  hasDestructor(c, typ) or (c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc} and
-        typ.kind == tyObject and not isTrivial(getAttachedOp(c.graph, typ, attachedAsgn)))
-
 proc isLastRead(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope): bool =
-  if not hasDestructorOrAsgn(c, n.typ): return true
+  # bug #23354; an object type could have a non-trival assignements when it is passed to a sink parameter
+  if not hasDestructor(c, n.typ) and (n.typ.kind != tyObject or isTrival(getAttachedOp(c.graph, n.typ, attachedAsgn))): return true
 
   let m = skipConvDfa(n)
-  result = isLastReadImpl(n, c, s)
+  result = (m.kind == nkSym and sfSingleUsedTemp in m.sym.flags) or
+      isLastReadImpl(n, c, s)
 
 proc isFirstWrite(n: PNode; c: var Con): bool =
   let m = skipConvDfa(n)
@@ -191,11 +185,10 @@ proc isCursor(n: PNode): bool =
   else:
     false
 
-template isFullyUnpackedTuple(n: PNode): bool =
+template isUnpackedTuple(n: PNode): bool =
   ## we move out all elements of unpacked tuples,
   ## hence unpacked tuples themselves don't need to be destroyed
   ## except it's already a cursor
-  ## restricted to `skTemp`, tuple temps where not every field is unpacked should not use `skTemp`
   (n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.kind == skTemp and
    n.sym.typ.kind == tyTuple and sfCursor notin n.sym.flags)
 
@@ -204,8 +197,7 @@ proc checkForErrorPragma(c: Con; t: PType; ri: PNode; opname: string; inferredFr
   if inferredFromCopy:
     m.add ", which is inferred from unavailable '=copy'"
 
-  if (opname == "=" or opname == "=copy" or opname == "=dup") and
-       ri != nil:
+  if (opname == "=" or opname == "=copy" or opname == "=dup") and ri != nil:
     m.add "; requires a copy because it's not the last read of '"
     m.add renderTree(ri)
     m.add '\''
@@ -245,18 +237,6 @@ proc genOp(c: var Con; t: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp; dest, ri: PNode): PNode
     let canon = c.graph.canonTypes.getOrDefault(h)
     if canon != nil:
       op = getAttachedOp(c.graph, canon, kind)
-  if op == nil or op.ast.isGenericRoutine:
-    # IC: injectDestructorCalls is demand-driven and runs HERE (cg), not in the
-    # `lower` stage, so a structural, env-agnostic op the lower stage never had
-    # reason to serialize — most often a closure PROC type's `=destroy`/`=sink`
-    # (which act on the `(ClP_0, ClE_0)` tuple, NOT the concrete env) — must be
-    # lifted on demand, exactly as the lazy path's cg does. This is safe now:
-    # closure-env identity resolves via `attachedOps[itemId]`/env-erased typeKey,
-    # env objects load complete, and atomicRefOp's type-erased path covers any
-    # still-incomplete env (so the lift never walks a nil field).
-    excl t.flagsImpl, tfCheckedForDestructor
-    createTypeBoundOps(c.graph, nil, t, dest.info, c.idgen)
-    op = getAttachedOp(c.graph, t, kind)
   if op == nil:
     #echo dest.typ.id
     globalError(c.graph.config, dest.info, "internal error: '" & AttachedOpToStr[kind] &
@@ -267,12 +247,7 @@ proc genOp(c: var Con; t: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp; dest, ri: PNode): PNode
   dbg:
     if kind == attachedDestructor:
       echo "destructor is ", op.id, " ", op.ast
-  if sfError in op.flags:
-    if ri != nil:
-      checkForErrorPragma(c, t, ri, AttachedOpToStr[kind])
-    else:
-      # uses the lineinfos of `dest` is `ri` is not available
-      checkForErrorPragma(c, t, dest, AttachedOpToStr[kind])
+  if sfError in op.flags: checkForErrorPragma(c, t, ri, AttachedOpToStr[kind])
   c.genOp(op, dest)
 
 proc genDestroy(c: var Con; dest: PNode): PNode =
@@ -300,7 +275,7 @@ proc deepAliases(dest, ri: PNode): bool =
     return aliases(dest, ri) != no
 
 proc genSink(c: var Con; s: var Scope; dest, ri: PNode; flags: set[MoveOrCopyFlag] = {}): PNode =
-  if (c.inLoopCond == 0 and (isFullyUnpackedTuple(dest) or IsDecl in flags or
+  if (c.inLoopCond == 0 and (isUnpackedTuple(dest) or IsDecl in flags or
       (isAnalysableFieldAccess(dest, c.owner) and isFirstWrite(dest, c)))) or
       isNoInit(dest) or IsReturn in flags:
     # optimize sink call into a bitwise memcopy
@@ -316,7 +291,7 @@ proc genSink(c: var Con; s: var Scope; dest, ri: PNode; flags: set[MoveOrCopyFla
       if deepAliases(dest, ri):
         # consider: x = x + y, it is wrong to destroy the destination first!
         # tmp to support self assignments
-        let tmp = c.getTemp(s, dest.typ, dest.info, needsInit = false)
+        let tmp = c.getTemp(s, dest.typ, dest.info)
         result = newTree(nkStmtList, newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, dest), newTree(nkFastAsgn, dest, ri),
                          c.genDestroy(tmp))
       else:
@@ -342,15 +317,14 @@ proc isCriticalLink(dest: PNode): bool {.inline.} =
   ]#
   result = dest.kind != nkSym
 
-proc finishCopy(c: var Con; result, dest: PNode; flags: set[MoveOrCopyFlag]; isFromSink: bool) =
-  if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc} and IsExplicitSink notin flags:
-    # add cyclic flag, but not to sink calls, which IsExplicitSink generates
+proc finishCopy(c: var Con; result, dest: PNode; isFromSink: bool) =
+  if c.graph.config.selectedGC == gcOrc:
     let t = dest.typ.skipTypes(tyUserTypeClasses + {tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink, tyDistinct})
     if cyclicType(c.graph, t):
       result.add boolLit(c.graph, result.info, isFromSink or isCriticalLink(dest))
 
 proc genMarkCyclic(c: var Con; result, dest: PNode) =
-  if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc}:
+  if c.graph.config.selectedGC == gcOrc:
     let t = dest.typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink, tyDistinct})
     if cyclicType(c.graph, t):
       if t.kind == tyRef:
@@ -385,7 +359,7 @@ proc genDiscriminantAsgn(c: var Con; s: var Scope; n: PNode): PNode =
   # but fields within active case branch might need destruction
 
   # tmp to support self assignments
-  let tmp = c.getTemp(s, n[1].typ, n.info, needsInit = false)
+  let tmp = c.getTemp(s, n[1].typ, n.info)
 
   result = newTree(nkStmtList)
   result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, p(n[1], c, s, consumed))
@@ -425,7 +399,7 @@ proc genWasMoved(c: var Con, n: PNode): PNode =
     result = genOp(c, op, n)
   else:
     result = newNodeI(nkCall, n.info)
-    result.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.graph, c.idgen, "wasMoved", mWasMoved)))
+    result.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.graph, c.idgen, "`=wasMoved`", mWasMoved)))
     result.add copyTree(n) #mWasMoved does not take the address
     #if n.kind != nkSym:
     #  message(c.graph.config, n.info, warnUser, "wasMoved(" & $n & ")")
@@ -471,50 +445,49 @@ proc isCapturedVar(n: PNode): bool =
   else: result = false
 
 proc passCopyToSink(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope): PNode =
+  result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, n.info, n.typ)
   let nTyp = n.typ.skipTypes(tyUserTypeClasses)
-  if not hasDestructorOrAsgn(c, nTyp):
-    # Non-managed (plain-old-data) type: no ownership transfer is needed.
-    # Return the expression directly — no temp required.
-    if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc}:
+  let tmp = c.getTemp(s, nTyp, n.info)
+  if hasDestructor(c, nTyp):
+    let typ = nTyp.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
+    let op = getAttachedOp(c.graph, typ, attachedDup)
+    if op != nil and tfHasOwned notin typ.flags:
+      if sfError in op.flags:
+        c.checkForErrorPragma(nTyp, n, "=dup")
+      else:
+        let copyOp = getAttachedOp(c.graph, typ, attachedAsgn)
+        if copyOp != nil and sfError in copyOp.flags and
+           sfOverridden notin op.flags:
+          c.checkForErrorPragma(nTyp, n, "=dup", inferredFromCopy = true)
+
+      let src = p(n, c, s, normal)
+      var newCall = newTreeIT(nkCall, src.info, src.typ,
+            newSymNode(op),
+            src)
+      c.finishCopy(newCall, n, isFromSink = true)
+      result.add newTreeI(nkFastAsgn,
+          src.info, tmp,
+          newCall
+      )
+    else:
+      result.add c.genWasMoved(tmp)
+      var m = c.genCopy(tmp, n, {})
+      m.add p(n, c, s, normal)
+      c.finishCopy(m, n, isFromSink = true)
+      result.add m
+    if isLValue(n) and not isCapturedVar(n) and nTyp.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind != tyRef and c.inSpawn == 0:
+      message(c.graph.config, n.info, hintPerformance,
+        ("passing '$1' to a sink parameter introduces an implicit copy; " &
+        "if possible, rearrange your program's control flow to prevent it") % $n)
+    if c.inEnsureMove > 0:
+      localError(c.graph.config, n.info, errFailedMove,
+        ("cannot move '$1', passing '$1' to a sink parameter introduces an implicit copy") % $n)
+  else:
+    if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc}:
       assert(not containsManagedMemory(nTyp))
     if nTyp.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}:
       localError(c.graph.config, n.info, "cannot create an implicit openArray copy to be passed to a sink parameter")
-    return p(n, c, s, normal)
-  result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, n.info, n.typ)
-  let tmp = c.getTemp(s, nTyp, n.info, needsInit = false)
-  let typ = nTyp.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
-  let op = getAttachedOp(c.graph, typ, attachedDup)
-  if op != nil and tfHasOwned notin typ.flags:
-    if sfError in op.flags:
-      c.checkForErrorPragma(nTyp, n, "=dup")
-    else:
-      let copyOp = getAttachedOp(c.graph, typ, attachedAsgn)
-      if copyOp != nil and sfError in copyOp.flags and
-         sfOverridden notin op.flags:
-        c.checkForErrorPragma(nTyp, n, "=dup", inferredFromCopy = true)
-
-    let src = p(n, c, s, normal)
-    var newCall = newTreeIT(nkCall, src.info, src.typ,
-          newSymNode(op),
-          src)
-    c.finishCopy(newCall, n, {}, isFromSink = true)
-    result.add newTreeI(nkFastAsgn,
-        src.info, tmp,
-        newCall
-    )
-  else:
-    result.add c.genWasMoved(tmp)
-    var m = c.genCopy(tmp, n, {})
-    m.add p(n, c, s, normal)
-    c.finishCopy(m, n, {}, isFromSink = true)
-    result.add m
-  if isLValue(n) and not isCapturedVar(n) and nTyp.skipTypes(abstractInst).kind != tyRef and c.inSpawn == 0:
-    message(c.graph.config, n.info, hintPerformance,
-      ("passing '$1' to a sink parameter introduces an implicit copy; " &
-      "if possible, rearrange your program's control flow to prevent it") % $n)
-  if c.inEnsureMove > 0:
-    localError(c.graph.config, n.info, errFailedMove,
-      ("cannot move '$1', passing '$1' to a sink parameter introduces an implicit copy") % $n)
+    result.add newTree(nkAsgn, tmp, p(n, c, s, normal))
   # Since we know somebody will take over the produced copy, there is
   # no need to destroy it.
   result.add tmp
@@ -545,7 +518,7 @@ proc ensureDestruction(arg, orig: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope): PNode =
     # produce temp creation for (fn, env). But we need to move 'env'?
     # This was already done in the sink parameter handling logic.
     result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, arg.info, arg.typ)
-    let tmp = c.getTemp(s, arg.typ, arg.info, true)
+    let tmp = c.getTemp(s, arg.typ, arg.info)
     result.add c.genSink(s, tmp, arg, {IsDecl})
     result.add tmp
     s.final.add c.genDestroy(tmp)
@@ -585,7 +558,7 @@ proc cycleCheck(n: PNode; c: var Con) =
 proc pVarTopLevel(v: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; res: PNode) =
   # move the variable declaration to the top of the frame:
   s.vars.add v.sym
-  if isFullyUnpackedTuple(v):
+  if isUnpackedTuple(v):
     if c.inLoop > 0:
       # unpacked tuple needs reset at every loop iteration
       res.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, v, genDefaultCall(v.typ, c, v.info))
@@ -624,7 +597,7 @@ template processScopeExpr(c: var Con; s: var Scope; ret: PNode, processCall: unt
   # There is a possibility to do this check: s.wasMoved.len > 0 or s.final.len > 0
   # later and use it to eliminate the temporary when theres no need for it, but its
   # tricky because you would have to intercept moveOrCopy at a certain point
-  let tmp = c.getTemp(s.parent[], ret.typ, ret.info, needsInit = true)
+  let tmp = c.getTemp(s.parent[], ret.typ, ret.info)
   tmp.sym.flags = tmpFlags
   let cpy = if hasDestructor(c, ret.typ) and
                 ret.typ.kind notin {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs}:
@@ -785,10 +758,10 @@ proc pRaiseStmt(n: PNode, c: var Con; s: var Scope): PNode =
       result = copyNode(n)
       result.add call
     else:
-      let tmp = c.getTemp(s, n[0].typ, n.info, needsInit = true)
+      let tmp = c.getTemp(s, n[0].typ, n.info)
       var m = c.genCopyNoCheck(tmp, n[0], attachedAsgn)
       m.add p(n[0], c, s, normal)
-      c.finishCopy(m, n[0], {}, isFromSink = false)
+      c.finishCopy(m, n[0], isFromSink = false)
       result = newTree(nkStmtList, c.genWasMoved(tmp), m)
       var toDisarm = n[0]
       if toDisarm.kind == nkStmtListExpr: toDisarm = toDisarm.lastSon
@@ -815,23 +788,6 @@ proc hasCustomDestructor(c: Con, t: PType): bool =
     obj = skipTypes(obj.baseClass, abstractPtrs)
     result = result or isCustomDestructor(c, obj)
 
-const
-  exprBranchKinds = {nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockExpr, nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt,
-                     nkTryStmt, nkPragmaBlock}
-
-proc distributeAsgn(asgnKind: TNodeKind; dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope): PNode =
-  ## Distributes an assignment ``dest = ri`` into the leaf expressions of
-  ## ``ri`` when ``ri`` is an expression-based control flow construct. This
-  ## avoids creating pointless intermediate temporaries (bug #25850). The
-  ## descent is recursive so that nestings like ``block: ...; if c: a else: b``
-  ## assign directly to ``dest`` instead of going through a temp per branch.
-  if ri.kind in exprBranchKinds:
-    template process(child, s): untyped =
-      distributeAsgn(asgnKind, dest, child, c, s)
-    handleNestedTempl(ri, process, willProduceStmt = true)
-  else:
-    result = newTree(asgnKind, dest, p(ri, c, s, consumed))
-
 proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSingleUsedTemp}; inReturn = false): PNode =
   if n.kind in {nkStmtList, nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockStmt, nkBlockExpr, nkIfStmt,
                 nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt, nkWhen, nkWhileStmt, nkParForStmt, nkTryStmt, nkPragmaBlock}:
@@ -845,7 +801,15 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
       result = passCopyToSink(n, c, s)
     elif n.kind in {nkBracket, nkObjConstr, nkTupleConstr, nkClosure, nkNilLit} +
          nkCallKinds + nkLiterals:
-      result = p(n, c, s, consumed)
+      if n.kind in nkCallKinds and n[0].kind == nkSym:
+        if n[0].sym.magic == mEnsureMove:
+          inc c.inEnsureMove
+          result = p(n[1], c, s, sinkArg)
+          dec c.inEnsureMove
+        else:
+          result = p(n, c, s, consumed)
+      else:
+        result = p(n, c, s, consumed)
     elif ((n.kind == nkSym and isSinkParam(n.sym)) or isAnalysableFieldAccess(n, c.owner)) and
         isLastRead(n, c, s) and not (n.kind == nkSym and isCursor(n)):
       # Sinked params can be consumed only once. We need to reset the memory
@@ -921,6 +885,12 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
       if mode == normal and (isRefConstr or hasCustomDestructor(c, t)):
         result = ensureDestruction(result, n, c, s)
     of nkCallKinds:
+      if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic == mEnsureMove:
+        inc c.inEnsureMove
+        result = p(n[1], c, s, sinkArg)
+        dec c.inEnsureMove
+        return
+
       let inSpawn = c.inSpawn
       if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic == mSpawn:
         c.inSpawn.inc
@@ -938,19 +908,13 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
           isDangerous = true
 
       result = shallowCopy(n)
-
-      if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic == mEnsureMove:
-        inc c.inEnsureMove
-        result[1] = p(n[1], c, s, sinkArg)
-        dec c.inEnsureMove
-      else:
-        for i in 1..<n.len:
-          if i < L and isCompileTimeOnly(parameters[i]):
-            result[i] = n[i]
-          elif i < L and (isSinkTypeForParam(parameters[i]) or inSpawn > 0):
-            result[i] = p(n[i], c, s, sinkArg)
-          else:
-            result[i] = p(n[i], c, s, normal)
+      for i in 1..<n.len:
+        if i < L and isCompileTimeOnly(parameters[i]):
+          result[i] = n[i]
+        elif i < L and (isSinkTypeForParam(parameters[i]) or inSpawn > 0):
+          result[i] = p(n[i], c, s, sinkArg)
+        else:
+          result[i] = p(n[i], c, s, normal)
 
       when false:
         if isDangerous:
@@ -958,7 +922,7 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
 
       if n[0].kind == nkSym and n[0].sym.magic in {mNew, mNewFinalize}:
         result[0] = copyTree(n[0])
-        if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcHooks, gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcYrc}:
+        if c.graph.config.selectedGC in {gcHooks, gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc}:
           let destroyOld = c.genDestroy(result[1])
           result = newTree(nkStmtList, destroyOld, result)
       else:
@@ -978,9 +942,6 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
     of nkVarSection, nkLetSection:
       # transform; var x = y to  var x; x op y  where op is a move or copy
       result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
-
-      let isInProc = c.owner.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skIterator, skConverter}
-
       for it in n:
         var ri = it[^1]
         if it.kind == nkVarTuple and hasDestructor(c, ri.typ):
@@ -996,15 +957,7 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
               s.locals.add v.sym
               pVarTopLevel(v, c, s, result)
             if ri.kind != nkEmpty:
-              let isGlobalPragma = v.kind == nkSym and
-                      {sfPure, sfGlobal} <= v.sym.flags and
-                      isInProc
-
-              if isGlobalPragma:
-                c.graph.procGlobals.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, v, ri)
-              else:
-                let value = moveOrCopy(v, ri, c, s, if v.kind == nkSym: {IsDecl} else: {})
-                result.add value
+              result.add moveOrCopy(v, ri, c, s, if v.kind == nkSym: {IsDecl} else: {})
             elif ri.kind == nkEmpty and c.inLoop > 0:
               let skipInit = v.kind == nkDotExpr and # Closure var
                              sfNoInit in v[1].sym.flags
@@ -1033,11 +986,6 @@ proc p(n: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope; mode: ProcessMode; tmpFlags = {sfSing
         result = moveOrCopy(p(n[0], c, s, mode), n[1], c, s, flags)
       elif isDiscriminantField(n[0]):
         result = c.genDiscriminantAsgn(s, n)
-      elif n[1].kind in exprBranchKinds:
-        # Distribute the assignment into each branch to avoid
-        # creating pointless temporaries for expression-based control flow.
-        let dest = p(n[0], c, s, mode)
-        result = distributeAsgn(n.kind, dest, n[1], c, s)
       else:
         result = copyNode(n)
         result.add p(n[0], c, s, mode)
@@ -1181,25 +1129,6 @@ proc genFieldAccessSideEffects(c: var Con; s: var Scope; dest, ri: PNode; flags:
   var snk = c.genSink(s, dest, newAccess, flags)
   result = newTree(nkStmtList, v, snk, c.genWasMoved(newAccess))
 
-proc ownsData(c: var Con; s: var Scope; orig: PNode; flags: set[MoveOrCopyFlag]): PNode =
-  var n = orig
-  while true:
-    case n.kind
-    of nkDotExpr, nkCheckedFieldExpr, nkBracketExpr:
-      n = n[0]
-    else:
-      break
-  if n.kind in nkCallKinds and n.typ != nil and hasDestructor(c, n.typ):
-    result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, orig.info, orig.typ)
-    let tmp = c.getTemp(s, n.typ, n.info, needsInit = true)
-    tmp.sym.flagsImpl.incl sfSingleUsedTemp
-    result.add newTree(nkFastAsgn, tmp, copyTree(n))
-    s.final.add c.genDestroy(tmp)
-    n[] = tmp[]
-    result.add copyTree(orig)
-  else:
-    result = nil
-
 proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopyFlag] = {}): PNode =
   var ri = ri
   var isEnsureMove = 0
@@ -1226,7 +1155,7 @@ proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopy
     of nkCallKinds:
       result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, consumed), flags)
     of nkBracketExpr:
-      if isFullyUnpackedTuple(ri[0]):
+      if isUnpackedTuple(ri[0]):
         # unpacking of tuple: take over the elements
         result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, consumed), flags)
       elif isAnalysableFieldAccess(ri, c.owner) and isLastRead(ri, c, s):
@@ -1244,7 +1173,7 @@ proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopy
         result = c.genCopy(dest, ri, flags)
         dec c.inEnsureMove, isEnsureMove
         result.add p(ri, c, s, consumed)
-        c.finishCopy(result, dest, flags, isFromSink = false)
+        c.finishCopy(result, dest, isFromSink = false)
     of nkBracket:
       # array constructor
       if ri.len > 0 and isDangerousSeq(ri.typ):
@@ -1252,7 +1181,7 @@ proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopy
         result = c.genCopy(dest, ri, flags)
         dec c.inEnsureMove, isEnsureMove
         result.add p(ri, c, s, consumed)
-        c.finishCopy(result, dest, flags, isFromSink = false)
+        c.finishCopy(result, dest, isFromSink = false)
       else:
         result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, consumed), flags)
     of nkObjConstr, nkTupleConstr, nkClosure, nkCharLit..nkNilLit:
@@ -1273,24 +1202,17 @@ proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopy
         result = c.genCopy(dest, ri, flags)
         dec c.inEnsureMove, isEnsureMove
         result.add p(ri, c, s, consumed)
-        c.finishCopy(result, dest, flags, isFromSink = false)
+        c.finishCopy(result, dest, isFromSink = false)
     of nkHiddenSubConv, nkHiddenStdConv, nkConv, nkObjDownConv, nkObjUpConv, nkCast:
-      if IsExplicitSink in flags:
-        result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, consumed), flags)
-      else:
-        result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, sinkArg), flags)
-    of nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockExpr, nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt, nkTryStmt, nkPragmaBlock:
+      result = c.genSink(s, dest, p(ri, c, s, sinkArg), flags)
+    of nkStmtListExpr, nkBlockExpr, nkIfExpr, nkCaseStmt, nkTryStmt:
       template process(child, s): untyped = moveOrCopy(dest, child, c, s, flags)
       # We know the result will be a stmt so we use that fact to optimize
       handleNestedTempl(ri, process, willProduceStmt = true)
     of nkRaiseStmt:
       result = pRaiseStmt(ri, c, s)
     else:
-      let isOwnsData = ownsData(c, s, ri2, flags)
-
-      if isOwnsData != nil:
-        result = moveOrCopy(dest, isOwnsData, c, s, flags)
-      elif isAnalysableFieldAccess(ri, c.owner) and isLastRead(ri, c, s) and
+      if isAnalysableFieldAccess(ri, c.owner) and isLastRead(ri, c, s) and
           canBeMoved(c, dest.typ):
         # Rule 3: `=sink`(x, z); wasMoved(z)
         let snk = c.genSink(s, dest, ri, flags)
@@ -1300,7 +1222,7 @@ proc moveOrCopy(dest, ri: PNode; c: var Con; s: var Scope, flags: set[MoveOrCopy
         result = c.genCopy(dest, ri, flags)
         dec c.inEnsureMove, isEnsureMove
         result.add p(ri, c, s, consumed)
-        c.finishCopy(result, dest, flags, isFromSink = false)
+        c.finishCopy(result, dest, isFromSink = false)
 
 when false:
   proc computeUninit(c: var Con) =
@@ -1329,55 +1251,6 @@ when false:
       for i in 0..<n.safeLen:
         injectDefaultCalls(n[i], c)
 
-proc replaceSinkParam(n: PNode, mapping: Table[int, PSym]): PNode =
-  case n.kind
-  of nkSym:
-    if n.sym.id in mapping:
-      result = newSymNode(mapping[n.sym.id])
-    else:
-      result = n
-  of nkVarSection, nkLetSection:
-    result = copyNode(n)
-    newSons(result, n.len)
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      result[i] = copyNode(n[i])
-      for j in 0..<n[i].len-1:
-        result[i].add n[i][j]
-      result[i].add replaceSinkParam(n[i][^1], mapping)
-  of {nkNone..nkNilLit}-{nkSym}, nkTypeSection, nkProcDef, nkConverterDef,
-      nkMethodDef, nkIteratorDef, nkMacroDef, nkTemplateDef, nkLambda, nkDo,
-      nkFuncDef, nkConstSection, nkConstDef, nkIncludeStmt, nkImportStmt,
-      nkExportStmt, nkPragma, nkCommentStmt, nkBreakState,
-      nkTypeOfExpr, nkMixinStmt, nkBindStmt:
-    result = n
-  else:
-    result = copyNode(n)
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      result.add replaceSinkParam(n[i], mapping)
-
-proc addSinkCopy(c: var Con; s: var Scope; sinkParams: seq[PSym]; n: PNode): PNode =
-  result = newNodeI(nkStmtList, n.info)
-  var mapping = initTable[int, PSym]()
-
-  var mutated = newSeq[PNode]()
-  getPotentialWrites(n, false, mutated)
-  var mutatedSet = initIntSet()
-  for m in mutated:
-    mutatedSet.incl m.sym.id
-  for param in sinkParams:
-    if param.id in mutatedSet:
-      let newSym = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.graph.cache, "sinkCopy"), c.idgen, param.owner, n.info)
-      newSym.flagsImpl.incl sfFromGeneric
-      newSym.typ = param.typ.elementType
-      mapping[param.id] = newSym
-      let v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, n.info)
-      v.addVar(newSymNode(newSym), newSymNode(param))
-      result.add v
-  if mapping.len > 0:
-    result.add replaceSinkParam(n, mapping)
-  else:
-    result = n
-
 proc injectDestructorCalls*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym; n: PNode): PNode =
   when toDebug.len > 0:
     shouldDebug = toDebug == owner.name.s or toDebug == "always"
@@ -1391,24 +1264,15 @@ proc injectDestructorCalls*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym; n:
   var scope = Scope(body: n)
   let body = p(n, c, scope, normal)
 
-  var sinkParams = newSeq[PSym]()
-
   if owner.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skIterator, skConverter}:
     let params = owner.typ.n
     for i in 1..<params.len:
       let t = params[i].sym.typ
-      if isSinkTypeForParam(t):
-        let baseType = t.skipTypes({tySink})
-        if baseType.kind in {tyString, tySequence, tyArray, tyTuple, tyObject}:
-          sinkParams.add params[i].sym
-        if hasDestructor(c, baseType):
-          scope.final.add c.genDestroy(params[i])
+      if isSinkTypeForParam(t) and hasDestructor(c, t.skipTypes({tySink})):
+        scope.final.add c.genDestroy(params[i])
   #if optNimV2 in c.graph.config.globalOptions:
   #  injectDefaultCalls(n, c)
   result = optimize processScope(c, scope, body)
-  if sinkParams.len > 0:
-    result = addSinkCopy(c, scope, sinkParams, result)
-
   dbg:
     echo ">---------transformed-to--------->"
     echo renderTree(result, {renderIds})

compiler/inliner.nim

@@ -1,122 +0,0 @@
-
-proc copySymdef(n: PNode; locals: var Table[int, PSym]; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PNode =
-  case n.kind
-  of nkEmpty..pred(nkSym), succ(nkSym)..nkNilLit:
-    result = n
-  of nkSym:
-    let oldSym = n.sym
-    let newSym = copySym(oldSym, idgen)
-    setOwner(newSym, owner)
-    locals[oldSym.id] = newSym
-    result = newSymNode(newSym, oldSym.info)
-  else:
-    result = shallowCopy(n)
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      result[i] = copySymdef(n[i], locals, idgen, owner)
-
-proc copyInlineProcBody(n: PNode; locals: var Table[int, PSym]; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PNode =
-  case n.kind
-  of nkEmpty..pred(nkSym), succ(nkSym)..nkNilLit:
-    result = n
-  of nkSym:
-    let sym = locals.getOrDefault(n.sym.id)
-    if sym != nil:
-      result = newSymNode(sym, n.info)
-    else:
-      result = n
-  of nkLetSection, nkVarSection:
-    result = shallowCopy(n)
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      let it = n[i]
-      if it.kind == nkCommentStmt:
-        result[i] = it
-      elif it.kind in {nkIdentDefs, nkConstDef}:
-        result[i] = shallowCopy(it)
-        for j in 0..<it.len-2:
-          result[i][j] = copySymdef(it[j], locals, idgen, owner)
-        for j in it.len-2..<it.len:
-          result[i][j] = copyInlineProcBody(it[j], locals, idgen, owner)
-      else:
-        assert it.kind == nkVarTuple
-        result[i] = shallowCopy(it)
-        for j in 0..<it.len-2:
-          assert it[j].kind == nkSym
-          let oldSym = it[j].sym
-          let newSym = copySym(oldSym, idgen)
-          setOwner(newSym, owner)
-          locals[oldSym.id] = newSym
-          result[i][j] = newSymNode(newSym, oldSym.info)
-        for j in it.len-2..<it.len:
-          result[i][j] = copyInlineProcBody(it[j], locals, idgen, owner)
-
-  of nkForStmt, nkParForStmt:
-    result = shallowCopy(n)
-    for i in 0..<n.len-2:
-      assert n[i].kind == nkSym
-      let oldSym = n[i].sym
-      let newSym = copySym(oldSym, idgen)
-      setOwner(newSym, owner)
-      locals[oldSym.id] = newSym
-      result[i] = newSymNode(newSym, oldSym.info)
-    result[n.len-2] = copyInlineProcBody(n[n.len-2], locals, idgen, owner)
-    result[n.len-1] = copyInlineProcBody(n[n.len-1], locals, idgen, owner)
-  of routineDefs, nkTypeSection, nkTypeOfExpr, nkMixinStmt, nkBindStmt, nkConstSection:
-    result = n
-  else:
-    result = shallowCopy(n)
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      result[i] = copyInlineProcBody(n[i], locals, idgen, owner)
-
-proc copyParams(n: PNode; locals: var Table[int, PSym]; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PNode =
-  result = shallowCopy(n)
-  result[0] = n[0] # return type
-  for i in 1..<n.len:
-    let it = n[i]
-    assert it.kind == nkIdentDefs
-    result[i] = shallowCopy(it)
-    for j in 0..<it.len-2:
-      assert it[j].kind == nkSym
-      let oldSym = it[j].sym
-      let newSym = copySym(oldSym, idgen)
-      setOwner(newSym, owner)
-      locals[oldSym.id] = newSym
-      result[i][j] = newSymNode(newSym, oldSym.info)
-      owner.typ.addParam newSym
-    for j in it.len-2..<it.len:
-      result[i][j] = copyInlineProcBody(it[j], locals, idgen, owner)
-
-proc copyInlineProc(prc: PSym; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
-  result = copySym(prc, idgen)
-  var locals = initTable[int, PSym]()
-
-  var a = shallowCopy(prc.ast)
-  if resultPos < prc.ast.len and prc.ast[resultPos].kind == nkSym:
-    let oldRes = prc.ast[resultPos].sym
-    let newRes = copySym(oldRes, idgen)
-    setOwner(newRes, result)
-    locals[oldRes.id] = newRes
-    a[resultPos] = newSymNode(newRes, oldRes.info)
-
-  result.typ = copyType(prc.typ, idgen, result)
-  result.typ.n = newNodeI(prc.typ.n.kind, prc.typ.n.info)
-  if prc.typ.n.len > 0:
-    result.typ.n.add copyNode(prc.typ.n[0])
-    for i in 1..<prc.typ.n.len:
-      let it = prc.typ.n[i]
-      assert it.kind == nkSym
-      let oldSym = it.sym
-      let newSym = copySym(oldSym, idgen)
-      setOwner(newSym, result)
-      locals[oldSym.id] = newSym
-      result.typ.addParam newSym
-
-  for i in 0..<prc.ast.len:
-    if i == paramsPos:
-      a[i] = copyTree(prc.ast[i])
-    elif i == resultPos and prc.ast[i].kind == nkSym:
-      discard "handled above"
-    else:
-      a[i] = copyInlineProcBody(prc.ast[i], locals, idgen, result)
-  result.ast = a
-
-  #echo "Produced: ", renderTree(result.ast, {renderIds})

compiler/installer.ini

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Name: "Nim"
 Version: "$version"
 Platforms: """
   windows: i386;amd64
-  linux: i386;hppa;ia64;alpha;amd64;powerpc64;arm;sparc;sparc64;s390x;m68k;mips;mipsel;mips64;mips64el;powerpc;powerpc64el;arm64;riscv32;riscv64;loongarch64
+  linux: i386;hppa;ia64;alpha;amd64;powerpc64;arm;sparc;sparc64;m68k;mips;mipsel;mips64;mips64el;powerpc;powerpc64el;arm64;riscv32;riscv64;loongarch64
   macosx: i386;amd64;powerpc64;arm64
   solaris: i386;amd64;sparc;sparc64
   freebsd: i386;amd64;powerpc64;arm;arm64;riscv64;sparc64;mips;mipsel;mips64;mips64el;powerpc;powerpc64el
@@ -80,7 +80,6 @@ Files: "lib"
 Files: "examples"
 Files: "dist/nimble"
 Files: "dist/checksums"
-Files: "dist/nimony"
 
 Files: "tests"
 

compiler/int128.nim

@@ -460,9 +460,7 @@ proc addInt128*(result: var string; value: Int128) =
     var i = initialSize
     var j = high(result)
     while i < j:
-      let tmp = result[i]
-      result[i] = result[j]
-      result[j] = tmp
+      swap(result[i], result[j])
       i += 1
       j -= 1
 

compiler/isolation_check.nim

@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ proc containsVariable(n: PNode): bool =
 proc checkIsolate*(n: PNode): bool =
   if types.containsTyRef(n.typ):
     # XXX Maybe require that 'n.typ' is acyclic. This is not much
-    # worse than the already existing inheritance and closure restrictions.
+    # worse than the already exisiting inheritance and closure restrictions.
     case n.kind
     of nkCharLit..nkNilLit:
       result = true

compiler/itemids.nim

@@ -1,98 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2026 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## `ItemId` is the identity of a symbol or type: a `(module, item)` pair.
-##
-## The fields are private on purpose: the module half reserves bit 30 as the
-## "backend minted" marker, so all construction and inspection has to go
-## through this module's API and the marker bit can never leak into module
-## indexing or arithmetic.
-##
-## Three id spaces coexist per module:
-## - Semantic-phase and NIF-loader ids: `itemId(module, item)` with `item > 0`.
-## - Backend-minted ids (IC codegen, `nim nifc`: transf labels and temps,
-##   lifted hooks): `backendItemId` sets `BackendModuleBit`, so these can
-##   never compare equal to a loader id even though both counters mint the
-##   same small `item` range in one process. They never cross a process
-##   boundary and must never be written to a NIF file.
-## - Derived env/tuple-field ids (`lowerings.addField`): the source local's
-##   id with `item` negated. `derivedFieldId` preserves the backend marker,
-##   keeping the derivation collision-free for both id spaces above.
-
-import std/hashes
-
-when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
-  import std/assertions
-
-const
-  BackendModuleBit = 0x4000_0000'i32
-    # Bit 30 of the module field. Bit 31 stays clear so marked module values
-    # remain non-negative and cannot be mistaken for the special negative
-    # module ids like `PackageModuleId`.
-  PackageModuleId* = -3'i32
-
-type
-  ItemId* = object
-    moduleBits: int32
-    itemBits: int32
-
-proc itemId*(module, item: int32): ItemId {.inline.} =
-  assert module < 0 or (module and BackendModuleBit) == 0
-  ItemId(moduleBits: module, itemBits: item)
-
-proc backendItemId*(module, item: int32): ItemId {.inline.} =
-  ## An id minted during IC codegen; distinct from every `itemId` of the
-  ## same module so that the loader's stub counter and the backend's counter
-  ## cannot collide in id-keyed tables.
-  assert module >= 0 and (module and BackendModuleBit) == 0
-  ItemId(moduleBits: module or BackendModuleBit, itemBits: item)
-
-proc module*(x: ItemId): int32 {.inline.} =
-  if x.moduleBits >= 0: x.moduleBits and not BackendModuleBit
-  else: x.moduleBits
-
-proc item*(x: ItemId): int32 {.inline.} = x.itemBits
-
-proc isBackendMinted*(x: ItemId): bool {.inline.} =
-  x.moduleBits >= 0 and (x.moduleBits and BackendModuleBit) != 0
-
-proc derivedFieldId*(source: ItemId): ItemId {.inline.} =
-  ## The id of the env/tuple field that `lowerings.addField` derives for a
-  ## captured local: `item` negated, module bits (including the backend
-  ## marker) preserved.
-  ItemId(moduleBits: source.moduleBits, itemBits: -abs(source.itemBits))
-
-proc matchesDerivedFieldId*(field, source: ItemId): bool {.inline.} =
-  ## Does `field` carry the id `derivedFieldId` would derive for `source`?
-  ## `source` may itself already be the derived field id.
-  field.moduleBits == source.moduleBits and
-    field.itemBits == -abs(source.itemBits)
-
-proc `==`*(a, b: ItemId): bool {.inline.} =
-  # raw bit comparison: a backend-minted id never equals a loader id
-  a.itemBits == b.itemBits and a.moduleBits == b.moduleBits
-
-proc hash*(x: ItemId): Hash =
-  var h: Hash = hash(x.moduleBits)
-  h = h !& hash(x.itemBits)
-  result = !$h
-
-proc `$`*(x: ItemId): string =
-  result = "(module: " & $x.module & ", item: " & $x.itemBits
-  if x.isBackendMinted: result.add ", backend"
-  result.add ")"
-
-const
-  moduleShift = when defined(cpu32): 20 else: 24
-
-proc toId*(a: ItemId): int {.inline.} =
-  ## Packs an ItemId into a single int. Uses the raw module bits so the
-  ## backend marker keeps the two id spaces disjoint (bit 30 shifts to
-  ## bit 54; like the module/item split itself this needs a 64-bit int).
-  (a.moduleBits.int shl moduleShift) + a.itemBits.int

compiler/jsgen.nim

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ import
   ropes, wordrecg, renderer,
   cgmeth, lowerings, sighashes, modulegraphs, lineinfos,
   transf, injectdestructors, sourcemap, astmsgs, pushpoppragmas,
-  mangleutils, varpartitions
+  mangleutils
 
 import pipelineutils
 
@@ -277,8 +277,7 @@ proc mangleName(m: BModule, s: PSym): Rope =
       else:
         result.add("_")
         result.add(rope(s.id))
-    ensureMutable s
-    s.locImpl.snippet = result
+    s.loc.snippet = result
 
 proc escapeJSString(s: string): string =
   result = newStringOfCap(s.len + s.len shr 2)
@@ -729,47 +728,44 @@ proc arithAux(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes, op: TMagic) =
   of mShrI:
     let typ = n[1].typ.skipTypes(abstractVarRange)
     if typ.kind == tyInt64 and optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
-      applyFormat("BigInt.asIntN(64, BigInt.asUintN(64, $1) >> (BigInt($2) & 63n))")
+      applyFormat("BigInt.asIntN(64, BigInt.asUintN(64, $1) >> BigInt($2))")
     elif typ.kind == tyUInt64 and optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
-      applyFormat("($1 >> (BigInt($2) & 63n))")
+      applyFormat("($1 >> BigInt($2))")
     else:
-      let bitmask = typ.size * 8 - 1
       if typ.kind in {tyInt..tyInt32}:
         let trimmerU = unsignedTrimmer(typ.size)
         let trimmerS = signedTrimmer(typ.size)
-        r.res = "((($1 $2) >>> ($3 & $5)) $4)" % [xLoc, trimmerU, yLoc, trimmerS, $bitmask]
+        r.res = "((($1 $2) >>> $3) $4)" % [xLoc, trimmerU, yLoc, trimmerS]
       else:
-        r.res = "($1 >>> ($2 & $3))" % [xLoc, yLoc, $bitmask]
+        applyFormat("($1 >>> $2)")
   of mShlI:
     let typ = n[1].typ.skipTypes(abstractVarRange)
     if typ.size == 8:
       if typ.kind == tyInt64 and optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
-        applyFormat("BigInt.asIntN(64, $1 << (BigInt($2) & 63n))")
+        applyFormat("BigInt.asIntN(64, $1 << BigInt($2))")
       elif typ.kind == tyUInt64 and optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
-        applyFormat("BigInt.asUintN(64, $1 << (BigInt($2) & 63n))")
+        applyFormat("BigInt.asUintN(64, $1 << BigInt($2))")
       else:
-        applyFormat("($1 * Math.pow(2, ($2 & 63)))")
+        applyFormat("($1 * Math.pow(2, $2))")
     else:
-      let bitmask = typ.size * 8 - 1
       if typ.kind in {tyUInt..tyUInt32}:
         let trimmer = unsignedTrimmer(typ.size)
-        r.res = "(($1 << ($2 & $4)) $3)" % [xLoc, yLoc, trimmer, $bitmask]
+        r.res = "(($1 << $2) $3)" % [xLoc, yLoc, trimmer]
       else:
         let trimmer = signedTrimmer(typ.size)
-        r.res = "(($1 << ($2 & $4)) $3)" % [xLoc, yLoc, trimmer, $bitmask]
+        r.res = "(($1 << $2) $3)" % [xLoc, yLoc, trimmer]
   of mAshrI:
     let typ = n[1].typ.skipTypes(abstractVarRange)
     if typ.size == 8:
       if optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
-        applyFormat("($1 >> (BigInt($2) & 63n))")
+        applyFormat("($1 >> BigInt($2))")
       else:
-        applyFormat("Math.floor($1 / Math.pow(2, ($2 & 63)))")
+        applyFormat("Math.floor($1 / Math.pow(2, $2))")
     else:
-      let bitmask = typ.size * 8 - 1
       if typ.kind in {tyUInt..tyUInt32}:
-        r.res = "($1 >>> ($2 & $3)))" % [xLoc, yLoc, $bitmask]
+        applyFormat("($1 >>> $2)")
       else:
-        r.res = "($1 >> ($2 & $3))" % [xLoc, yLoc, $bitmask]
+        applyFormat("($1 >> $2)")
   of mBitandI: bitwiseExpr("&")
   of mBitorI: bitwiseExpr("|")
   of mBitxorI: bitwiseExpr("^")
@@ -1006,8 +1002,7 @@ proc genTry(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
       # If some branch requires a local alias introduce it here. This is needed
       # since JS cannot do ``catch x as y``.
       if excAlias != nil:
-        ensureMutable excAlias.sym
-        excAlias.sym.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, excAlias.sym)
+        excAlias.sym.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, excAlias.sym)
         lineF(p, "var $1 = lastJSError;$n", excAlias.sym.loc.snippet)
       gen(p, n[i][^1], a)
       moveInto(p, a, r)
@@ -1140,8 +1135,7 @@ proc genBlock(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
     # named block?
     if (n[0].kind != nkSym): internalError(p.config, n.info, "genBlock")
     var sym = n[0].sym
-    ensureMutable sym
-    sym.locImpl.k = locOther
+    sym.loc.k = locOther
     sym.position = idx+1
   let labl = p.unique
   lineF(p, "Label$1: {$n", [labl.rope])
@@ -1240,8 +1234,7 @@ proc generateHeader(p: PProc, prc: PSym): Rope =
       # to keep it simple
       let env = prc.ast[paramsPos].lastSon
       assert env.kind == nkSym, "env is missing"
-      ensureMutable env.sym
-      env.sym.locImpl.snippet = "this"
+      env.sym.loc.snippet = "this"
 
   for i in 1..<typ.n.len:
     assert(typ.n[i].kind == nkSym)
@@ -1298,16 +1291,14 @@ proc genAsgnAux(p: PProc, x, y: PNode, noCopyNeeded: bool) =
     xtyp = etySeq
   case xtyp
   of etySeq:
-    if x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent} or (needsNoCopy(p, y) and needsNoCopy(p, x)) or noCopyNeeded or
-        (x.kind == nkSym and sfCursor in x.sym.flags):
+    if x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent} or (needsNoCopy(p, y) and needsNoCopy(p, x)) or noCopyNeeded:
       lineF(p, "$1 = $2;$n", [a.rdLoc, b.rdLoc])
     else:
       useMagic(p, "nimCopy")
       lineF(p, "$1 = nimCopy(null, $2, $3);$n",
                [a.rdLoc, b.res, genTypeInfo(p, y.typ)])
   of etyObject:
-    if x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} or (needsNoCopy(p, y) and needsNoCopy(p, x)) or noCopyNeeded or
-        (x.kind == nkSym and sfCursor in x.sym.flags):
+    if x.typ.kind in {tyVar, tyLent, tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} or (needsNoCopy(p, y) and needsNoCopy(p, x)) or noCopyNeeded:
       lineF(p, "$1 = $2;$n", [a.rdLoc, b.rdLoc])
     else:
       useMagic(p, "nimCopy")
@@ -1380,15 +1371,12 @@ proc genFieldAddr(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
   r.typ = etyBaseIndex
   let b = if n.kind == nkHiddenAddr: n[0] else: n
   gen(p, b[0], a)
-  if skipTypes(b[0].typ, abstractVarRange + tyTypeClasses).kind == tyTuple:
-    # ref #25227 about `+ tyTypeClasses`
+  if skipTypes(b[0].typ, abstractVarRange).kind == tyTuple:
     r.res = makeJSString("Field" & $getFieldPosition(p, b[1]))
   else:
     if b[1].kind != nkSym: internalError(p.config, b[1].info, "genFieldAddr")
     var f = b[1].sym
-    if f.loc.snippet == "": 
-      ensureMutable f
-      f.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
+    if f.loc.snippet == "": f.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
     r.res = makeJSString($f.loc.snippet)
   internalAssert p.config, a.typ != etyBaseIndex
   r.address = a.res
@@ -1416,9 +1404,7 @@ proc genFieldAccess(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
   else:
     if n[1].kind != nkSym: internalError(p.config, n[1].info, "genFieldAccess")
     var f = n[1].sym
-    if f.loc.snippet == "": 
-      ensureMutable f
-      f.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
+    if f.loc.snippet == "": f.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
     r.res = "$1.$2" % [r.res, f.loc.snippet]
     mkTemp(1)
   r.kind = resExpr
@@ -1439,15 +1425,11 @@ proc genCheckedFieldOp(p: PProc, n: PNode, addrTyp: PType, r: var TCompRes) =
   # Field symbol
   var field = accessExpr[1].sym
   internalAssert p.config, field.kind == skField
-  if field.loc.snippet == "": 
-    ensureMutable field
-    field.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, field)
+  if field.loc.snippet == "": field.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, field)
   # Discriminant symbol
   let disc = checkExpr[2].sym
   internalAssert p.config, disc.kind == skField
-  if disc.loc.snippet == "": 
-    ensureMutable disc
-    disc.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, disc)
+  if disc.loc.snippet == "": disc.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, disc)
 
   var setx: TCompRes = default(TCompRes)
   gen(p, checkExpr[1], setx)
@@ -1546,7 +1528,7 @@ proc genSymAddr(p: PProc, n: PNode, typ: PType, r: var TCompRes) =
     r.res = s.loc.snippet
     r.address = ""
     r.typ = etyNone
-  of skVar, skLet, skResult, skTemp, skForVar:
+  of skVar, skLet, skResult:
     r.kind = resExpr
     let jsType = mapType(p):
       if typ.isNil:
@@ -1603,12 +1585,15 @@ proc genAddr(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
         else: internalError(p.config, n[0].info, "expr(nkBracketExpr, " & $kindOfIndexedExpr & ')')
     of nkObjDownConv:
       gen(p, n[0], r)
-    of nkHiddenDeref, nkDerefExpr:
-      if n.kind in {nkAddr, nkHiddenAddr}:
-        # addr ( deref ( x )) --> x
-        gen(p, n[0][0], r)
-      else:
-        gen(p, n[0], r)
+    of nkHiddenDeref:
+      gen(p, n[0], r)
+    of nkDerefExpr:
+      var x = n[0]
+      if n.kind == nkHiddenAddr:
+        x = n[0][0]
+        if n.typ.skipTypes(abstractVar).kind != tyOpenArray:
+          x.typ = n.typ
+      gen(p, x, r)
     of nkHiddenAddr:
       gen(p, n[0], r)
     of nkConv:
@@ -1859,9 +1844,7 @@ proc genPatternCall(p: PProc; n: PNode; pat: string; typ: PType;
 proc genInfixCall(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
   # don't call '$' here for efficiency:
   let f = n[0].sym
-  if f.loc.snippet == "": 
-    ensureMutable f
-    f.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
+  if f.loc.snippet == "": f.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
   if sfInfixCall in f.flags:
     let pat = $n[0].sym.loc.snippet
     internalAssert p.config, pat.len > 0
@@ -2020,12 +2003,8 @@ proc createVar(p: PProc, typ: PType, indirect: bool): Rope =
     if indirect: result = "[$1]" % [result]
   of tyTuple:
     result = rope("{")
-    var first = true
     for i in 0..<t.len:
-      # Do not produce code for void types
-      if isEmptyType(t[i]): continue
-      if not first: result.add(", ")
-      first = false
+      if i > 0: result.add(", ")
       result.addf("Field$1: $2", [i.rope,
             createVar(p, t[i], false)])
     result.add("}")
@@ -2094,8 +2073,7 @@ proc genVarInit(p: PProc, v: PSym, n: PNode) =
     gen(p, n, a)
     case mapType(p, v.typ)
     of etyObject, etySeq:
-      if v.typ.kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} or needsNoCopy(p, n) or
-          sfCursor in v.flags:
+      if v.typ.kind in {tyOpenArray, tyVarargs} or needsNoCopy(p, n):
         s = a.res
       else:
         useMagic(p, "nimCopy")
@@ -2358,8 +2336,8 @@ proc genMagic(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
       r.res = "if (null != $1) { if (null == $2) $2 = $3; else $2 += $3; }" %
         [b, lhs.rdLoc, tmp]
     else:
-      useMagic(p, "nimAddStrStr")
-      r.res = "nimAddStrStr($1, $2);" % [lhs.rdLoc, rhs.rdLoc]
+      let (a, tmp) = maybeMakeTemp(p, n[1], lhs)
+      r.res = "$1.push.apply($3, $2);" % [a, rhs.rdLoc, tmp]
     r.kind = resExpr
   of mAppendSeqElem:
     var x, y: TCompRes = default(TCompRes)
@@ -2463,7 +2441,7 @@ proc genMagic(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
     binaryExpr(p, n, r, "mnewString",
       """if ($1.length < $2) { for (var i = $3.length; i < $4; ++i) $3.push(0); }
          else {$3.length = $4; }""")
-  of mSetLengthSeq, mSetLengthSeqUninit:
+  of mSetLengthSeq:
     var x, y: TCompRes = default(TCompRes)
     gen(p, n[1], x)
     gen(p, n[2], y)
@@ -2480,7 +2458,6 @@ proc genMagic(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
   of mMulSet: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "SetMul", "SetMul($1, $2)")
   of mPlusSet: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "SetPlus", "SetPlus($1, $2)")
   of mMinusSet: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "SetMinus", "SetMinus($1, $2)")
-  of mXorSet: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "SetXor", "SetXor($1, $2)")
   of mIncl: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "", "$1[$2] = true")
   of mExcl: binaryExpr(p, n, r, "", "delete $1[$2]")
   of mInSet:
@@ -2602,9 +2579,7 @@ proc genObjConstr(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
     let val = it[1]
     gen(p, val, a)
     var f = it[0].sym
-    if f.loc.snippet == "": 
-      ensureMutable f
-      f.locImpl.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
+    if f.loc.snippet == "": f.loc.snippet = mangleName(p.module, f)
     fieldIDs.incl(lookupFieldAgain(n.typ.skipTypes({tyDistinct}), f).id)
 
     let typ = val.typ.skipTypes(abstractInst)
@@ -2801,11 +2776,6 @@ proc genProc(oldProc: PProc, prc: PSym): Rope =
   var transformedBody = transformBody(p.module.graph, p.module.idgen, prc, {})
   if sfInjectDestructors in prc.flags:
     transformedBody = injectDestructorCalls(p.module.graph, p.module.idgen, prc, transformedBody)
-  else:
-    # JS has a GC, so the destructor pass is off; but the cursor (alias) analysis
-    # is independent of ownership and always memory-safe on a traced target.
-    # Running it lets last-use `var b = a` aliases skip the deep `nimCopy`.
-    computeCursors(prc, transformedBody, p.module.graph)
 
   p.nested: genStmt(p, transformedBody)
 
@@ -2911,8 +2881,6 @@ proc genCast(p: PProc, n: PNode, r: var TCompRes) =
   elif dest.kind in tyFloat..tyFloat64:
     if src.kind in {tyInt64, tyUInt64} and optJsBigInt64 in p.config.globalOptions:
       r.res = "Number($1)" % [r.res]
-  elif dest.kind == tyChar and (fromInt or fromUint):
-    r.res = "($1 & 255)" % [r.res]
   elif (src.kind == tyPtr and mapType(p, src) == etyObject) and dest.kind == tyPointer:
     r.address = r.res
     r.res = "null"

compiler/jstypes.nim

@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ proc genEnumInfo(p: PProc, typ: PType, name: Rope) =
          [name, genTypeInfo(p, typ.baseClass)])
 
 proc genTypeInfo(p: PProc, typ: PType): Rope =
-  let t = typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyDistinct, tyAlias, tySink, tyOwned} + tyUserTypeClasses)
+  let t = typ.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyDistinct, tyAlias, tySink, tyOwned})
   result = "NTI$1" % [rope(t.id)]
   if containsOrIncl(p.g.typeInfoGenerated, t.id): return
   case t.kind

compiler/lambdalifting.nim

@@ -150,8 +150,7 @@ template isIterator*(owner: PSym): bool =
 
 proc createEnvObj(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym; info: TLineInfo): PType =
   result = createObj(g, idgen, owner, info, final=false)
-  result.incl tfFinal
-  if owner.isIterator:
+  if owner.isIterator or not isDefined(g.config, "nimOptIters"):
     rawAddField(result, createStateField(g, owner, idgen))
 
 proc getClosureIterResult*(g: ModuleGraph; iter: PSym; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
@@ -161,24 +160,12 @@ proc getClosureIterResult*(g: ModuleGraph; iter: PSym; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym
     # XXX a bit hacky:
     result = newSym(skResult, getIdent(g.cache, ":result"), idgen, iter, iter.info, {})
     result.typ = iter.typ.returnType
-    incl(result.flagsImpl, sfUsed)
+    incl(result.flags, sfUsed)
     iter.ast.add newSymNode(result)
 
-proc closureParams(routine: PSym): PNode =
-  ## The formal parameters node lambda lifting reads and extends. In a
-  ## from-source compilation `routine.ast[paramsPos]` and `routine.typ.n` are the
-  ## very same node (see the `typ.n.len` based position math below). Under IC the
-  ## loaded proc AST omits the parameters (they are kept only in `typ.n`), so
-  ## restore the shared node here.
-  result = routine.ast[paramsPos]
-  if (result == nil or result.kind == nkEmpty) and routine.typ != nil and
-      routine.typ.n != nil and routine.ast.len > paramsPos:
-    result = routine.typ.n
-    routine.ast[paramsPos] = result
-
-proc addHiddenParam*(routine: PSym, param: PSym) =
+proc addHiddenParam(routine: PSym, param: PSym) =
   assert param.kind == skParam
-  var params = closureParams(routine)
+  var params = routine.ast[paramsPos]
   # -1 is correct here as param.position is 0 based but we have at position 0
   # some nkEffect node:
   param.position = routine.typ.n.len-1
@@ -188,9 +175,7 @@ proc addHiddenParam*(routine: PSym, param: PSym) =
   #echo "produced environment: ", param.id, " for ", routine.id
 
 proc getEnvParam*(routine: PSym): PSym =
-  if routine.ast.isNil: return nil
-  let params = closureParams(routine)
-  if params == nil or params.len == 0: return nil
+  let params = routine.ast[paramsPos]
   let hidden = lastSon(params)
   if hidden.kind == nkSym and hidden.sym.kind == skParam and hidden.sym.name.s == paramName:
     result = hidden.sym
@@ -213,7 +198,7 @@ proc interestingVar(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
 proc illegalCapture(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
   result = classifyViewType(s.typ) != noView or s.kind == skResult
 
-proc isInnerProc*(s: PSym): bool =
+proc isInnerProc(s: PSym): bool =
   if s.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skMethod, skConverter, skIterator} and s.magic == mNone:
     result = s.skipGenericOwner.kind in routineKinds
   else:
@@ -229,10 +214,6 @@ proc newAsgnStmt(le, ri: PNode, info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   result[0] = le
   result[1] = ri
 
-proc markInjectDestructors(s: PSym) {.inline.} =
-  backendEnsureMutable s
-  s.flagsImpl.incl sfInjectDestructors
-
 proc makeClosure*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; prc: PSym; env: PNode; info: TLineInfo): PNode =
   result = newNodeIT(nkClosure, info, prc.typ)
   result.add(newSymNode(prc))
@@ -245,7 +226,14 @@ proc makeClosure*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; prc: PSym; env: PNode; inf
   #if isClosureIterator(result.typ):
   createTypeBoundOps(g, nil, result.typ, info, idgen)
   if tfHasAsgn in result.typ.flags or optSeqDestructors in g.config.globalOptions:
-    markInjectDestructors(prc)
+    prc.flags.incl sfInjectDestructors
+
+proc interestingIterVar(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
+  # unused with -d:nimOptIters
+  # XXX optimization: Only lift the variable if it lives across
+  # yield/return boundaries! This can potentially speed up
+  # closure iterators quite a bit.
+  result = s.kind in {skResult, skVar, skLet, skTemp, skForVar} and sfGlobal notin s.flags
 
 template liftingHarmful(conf: ConfigRef; owner: PSym): bool =
   ## lambda lifting can be harmful for JS-like code generators.
@@ -257,7 +245,7 @@ proc createTypeBoundOpsLL(g: ModuleGraph; refType: PType; info: TLineInfo; idgen
     createTypeBoundOps(g, nil, refType.elementType, info, idgen)
     createTypeBoundOps(g, nil, refType, info, idgen)
     if tfHasAsgn in refType.flags or optSeqDestructors in g.config.globalOptions:
-      markInjectDestructors(owner)
+      owner.flags.incl sfInjectDestructors
 
 proc genCreateEnv(env: PNode): PNode =
   var c = newNodeIT(nkObjConstr, env.info, env.typ)
@@ -293,6 +281,16 @@ proc liftIterSym*(g: ModuleGraph; n: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PN
   createTypeBoundOpsLL(g, env.typ, n.info, idgen, owner)
   result.add makeClosure(g, idgen, iter, env, n.info)
 
+proc freshVarForClosureIter*(g: ModuleGraph; s: PSym; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PNode =
+  # unused with -d:nimOptIters
+  let envParam = getHiddenParam(g, owner)
+  let obj = envParam.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr})
+  let field = addField(obj, s, g.cache, idgen)
+
+  var access = newSymNode(envParam)
+  assert obj.kind == tyObject
+  result = rawIndirectAccess(access, field, s.info)
+
 # ------------------ new stuff -------------------------------------------
 
 proc markAsClosure(g: ModuleGraph; owner: PSym; n: PNode) =
@@ -307,27 +305,7 @@ proc markAsClosure(g: ModuleGraph; owner: PSym; n: PNode) =
   elif not (owner.typ.isClosure or owner.isNimcall and not owner.isExplicitCallConv or isEnv):
     localError(g.config, n.info, "illegal capture '$1' because '$2' has the calling convention: <$3>" %
       [s.name.s, owner.name.s, $owner.typ.callConv])
-  unsealForTransform(owner.typ)
-  incl(owner.typ, tfCapturesEnv)
-  # A closure proc type that captures an env owns a REF to it: copying the closure
-  # value must incref the env and destroying it must decref. That is exactly what
-  # `tfHasAsgn` signals to `injectDestructorCalls` (so a closure assignment becomes
-  # `=copy`, not a raw field store).
-  #
-  # Set it HERE (closure-type creation) so the flag is DETERMINISTIC and serializes
-  # with the type — but ONLY under `nim ic`. The per-module `lower` stage is a
-  # separate process that lowers routines in index order; if a consumer (e.g.
-  # `workNimAsyncContinue`) was lowered before the closure type's ops were lifted,
-  # its env store emitted a RAW assign with no incref → freed env → async
-  # "yielded `nil`". A normal single-process `nim c` build does NOT need this —
-  # `createTypeBoundOps` sets the flag lazily, in lift order, before it matters
-  # (the old `liftdestructors ~1498` "XXX Breaks IC!" side effect) — and setting it
-  # eagerly there REGRESSES codegen: a `=destroy` hook gets generated against the
-  # bare `void(*)(void)` proc representation but is then called with closure structs
-  # (`eqdestroy__u2__stdZtypedthreads` type mismatch — broke megatest). So gate on
-  # `cmdNifC`; normal builds keep the lazy (devel) behavior.
-  if g.config.cmd == cmdNifC:
-    incl(owner.typ, tfHasAsgn)
+  incl(owner.typ.flags, tfCapturesEnv)
   if not isEnv:
     owner.typ.callConv = ccClosure
 
@@ -361,7 +339,7 @@ proc getEnvTypeForOwner(c: var DetectionPass; owner: PSym;
   result = c.ownerToType.getOrDefault(owner.id)
   if result.isNil:
     let env = getEnvParam(owner)
-    if env.isNil or not owner.isIterator:
+    if env.isNil or not owner.isIterator or not isDefined(c.graph.config, "nimOptIters"):
       result = newType(tyRef, c.idgen, owner)
       let obj = createEnvObj(c.graph, c.idgen, owner, info)
       rawAddSon(result, obj)
@@ -373,7 +351,7 @@ proc asOwnedRef(c: var DetectionPass; t: PType): PType =
   if optOwnedRefs in c.graph.config.globalOptions:
     assert t.kind == tyRef
     result = newType(tyOwned, c.idgen, t.owner)
-    result.incl tfHasOwned
+    result.flags.incl tfHasOwned
     result.rawAddSon t
   else:
     result = t
@@ -445,37 +423,19 @@ Consider:
 proc isTypeOf(n: PNode): bool =
   n.kind == nkSym and n.sym.magic in {mTypeOf, mType}
 
-proc isEnvTypeForRoutine(envTyp: PType; routine: PSym): bool =
-  ## True if `envTyp` is (maybe wrapped) env object type owned by `routine`, as
-  ## created by `getEnvTypeForOwner` / `createEnvObj`.
-  let obj = envTyp.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr})
-  result = obj.kind == tyObject and obj.owner.id == routine.id
-
 proc addClosureParam(c: var DetectionPass; fn: PSym; info: TLineInfo) =
   var cp = getEnvParam(fn)
   let owner = if fn.kind == skIterator: fn else: fn.skipGenericOwner
   let t = c.getEnvTypeForOwner(owner, info)
   if cp == nil:
     cp = newSym(skParam, getIdent(c.graph.cache, paramName), c.idgen, fn, fn.info)
-    incl(cp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
+    incl(cp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
     cp.typ = t
     addHiddenParam(fn, cp)
   elif cp.typ != t and fn.kind != skIterator:
-    # Nested `liftLambdas` uses a fresh `DetectionPass`, so `getEnvTypeForOwner`
-    # can allocate another PType for the same logical env; the hidden param from
-    # the inner pass is authoritative (bug #21242).
-    if isEnvTypeForRoutine(cp.typ, owner) and isEnvTypeForRoutine(t, owner):
-      c.ownerToType[owner.id] = cp.typ
-    else:
-      localError(c.graph.config, fn.info, "internal error: inconsistent environment type")
+    localError(c.graph.config, fn.info, "internal error: inconsistent environment type")
   #echo "adding closure to ", fn.name.s
 
-proc iterEnvHasUpField(g: ModuleGraph, iter: PSym): bool =
-  let cp = getEnvParam(iter)
-  doAssert(cp != nil, "Env param not present in iter")
-  let upField = lookupInRecord(cp.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}).n, getIdent(g.cache, upName))
-  upField != nil
-
 proc detectCapturedVars(n: PNode; owner: PSym; c: var DetectionPass) =
   case n.kind
   of nkSym:
@@ -494,12 +454,23 @@ proc detectCapturedVars(n: PNode; owner: PSym; c: var DetectionPass) =
         let body = transformBody(c.graph, c.idgen, s, {useCache})
         detectCapturedVars(body, s, c)
     let ow = s.skipGenericOwner
-    let innerClosure = innerProc and s.typ.callConv == ccClosure and (not s.isIterator or iterEnvHasUpField(c.graph, s))
+    let innerClosure = innerProc and s.typ.callConv == ccClosure and not s.isIterator
     let interested = interestingVar(s)
     if ow == owner:
       if owner.isIterator:
         c.somethingToDo = true
         addClosureParam(c, owner, n.info)
+        if not isDefined(c.graph.config, "nimOptIters") and interestingIterVar(s):
+          if not c.capturedVars.contains(s.id):
+            if not c.inTypeOf: c.capturedVars.incl(s.id)
+            let obj = getHiddenParam(c.graph, owner).typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr})
+            #let obj = c.getEnvTypeForOwner(s.owner).skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr})
+
+            if s.name.id == getIdent(c.graph.cache, ":state").id:
+              obj.n[0].sym.flags.incl sfNoInit
+              obj.n[0].sym.itemId = ItemId(module: s.itemId.module, item: -s.itemId.item)
+            else:
+              discard addField(obj, s, c.graph.cache, c.idgen)
     # direct or indirect dependency:
     elif innerClosure or interested:
       discard """
@@ -673,7 +644,7 @@ proc rawClosureCreation(owner: PSym;
         if owner.kind != skMacro:
           createTypeBoundOps(d.graph, nil, fieldAccess.typ, env.info, d.idgen)
         if tfHasAsgn in fieldAccess.typ.flags or optSeqDestructors in d.graph.config.globalOptions:
-          markInjectDestructors(owner)
+          owner.flags.incl sfInjectDestructors
 
   let upField = lookupInRecord(env.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}).n, getIdent(d.graph.cache, upName))
   if upField != nil:
@@ -699,27 +670,16 @@ proc finishClosureCreation(owner: PSym; d: var DetectionPass; c: LiftingPass;
     res.add newAsgnStmt(unowned, nilLit, info)
     createTypeBoundOpsLL(d.graph, unowned.typ, info, d.idgen, owner)
 
-proc getUpForIter(g: ModuleGraph; owner, iterOwner: PSym, expectedUpTyp: PType): PNode =
-  var p = getHiddenParam(g, owner)
-  var res = p.newSymNode
-  while res.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}) != expectedUpTyp:
-    let upField = lookupInRecord(p.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}).n, getIdent(g.cache, upName))
-    if upField == nil:
-      return nil
-    p = upField
-    res = rawIndirectAccess(res, upField, p.info)
-  res
-
-proc closureCreationForIter(owner: PSym, iter: PNode;
+proc closureCreationForIter(iter: PNode;
                             d: var DetectionPass; c: var LiftingPass): PNode =
   result = newNodeIT(nkStmtListExpr, iter.info, iter.sym.typ)
-  let iterOwner = iter.sym.skipGenericOwner
-  var v = newSym(skVar, getIdent(d.graph.cache, envName), d.idgen, iterOwner, iter.info)
-  incl(v.flagsImpl, sfShadowed)
+  let owner = iter.sym.skipGenericOwner
+  var v = newSym(skVar, getIdent(d.graph.cache, envName), d.idgen, owner, iter.info)
+  incl(v.flags, sfShadowed)
   v.typ = asOwnedRef(d, getHiddenParam(d.graph, iter.sym).typ)
   var vnode: PNode
-  if iterOwner.isIterator:
-    let it = getHiddenParam(d.graph, iterOwner)
+  if owner.isIterator:
+    let it = getHiddenParam(d.graph, owner)
     addUniqueField(it.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}), v, d.graph.cache, d.idgen)
     vnode = indirectAccess(newSymNode(it), v, v.info)
   else:
@@ -728,14 +688,12 @@ proc closureCreationForIter(owner: PSym, iter: PNode;
     addVar(vs, vnode)
     result.add(vs)
   result.add genCreateEnv(vnode)
-  createTypeBoundOpsLL(d.graph, vnode.typ, iter.info, d.idgen, iterOwner)
+  createTypeBoundOpsLL(d.graph, vnode.typ, iter.info, d.idgen, owner)
 
   let upField = lookupInRecord(v.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}).n, getIdent(d.graph.cache, upName))
   if upField != nil:
-    let expectedUpTyp = upField.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr})
-    let u = if iterOwner == owner: setupEnvVar(iterOwner, d, c, iter.info)
-            else: getUpForIter(d.graph, owner, iterOwner, expectedUpTyp)
-    if u != nil and u.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}) == expectedUpTyp:
+    let u = setupEnvVar(owner, d, c, iter.info)
+    if u.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}) == upField.typ.skipTypes({tyOwned, tyRef, tyPtr}):
       result.add(newAsgnStmt(rawIndirectAccess(vnode, upField, iter.info),
                  u, iter.info))
     else:
@@ -769,7 +727,7 @@ proc symToClosure(n: PNode; owner: PSym; d: var DetectionPass;
     let available = getHiddenParam(d.graph, owner)
     result = makeClosure(d.graph, d.idgen, s, available.newSymNode, n.info)
   elif s.isIterator:
-    result = closureCreationForIter(owner, n, d, c)
+    result = closureCreationForIter(n, d, c)
   elif s.skipGenericOwner == owner:
     # direct dependency, so use the outer's env variable:
     result = makeClosure(d.graph, d.idgen, s, setupEnvVar(owner, d, c, n.info), n.info)
@@ -816,6 +774,8 @@ proc liftCapturedVars(n: PNode; owner: PSym; d: var DetectionPass;
     elif s.id in d.capturedVars:
       if s.owner != owner:
         result = accessViaEnvParam(d.graph, n, owner)
+      elif owner.isIterator and not isDefined(d.graph.config, "nimOptIters") and interestingIterVar(s):
+        result = accessViaEnvParam(d.graph, n, owner)
       else:
         result = accessViaEnvVar(n, owner, d, c)
   of nkEmpty..pred(nkSym), succ(nkSym)..nkNilLit, nkComesFrom,
@@ -933,7 +893,7 @@ proc liftLambdas*(g: ModuleGraph; fn: PSym, body: PNode; tooEarly: var bool;
     # ignore forward declaration:
     result = body
     tooEarly = true
-    if fn.isIterator:
+    if fn.isIterator and isDefined(g.config, "nimOptIters"):
       var d = initDetectionPass(g, fn, idgen)
       addClosureParam(d, fn, body.info)
   else:
@@ -1024,20 +984,6 @@ proc liftForLoop*(g: ModuleGraph; body: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym):
       for i in 0..<op.len-1:
         result.add op[i]
 
-  elif op.kind != nkSym: # might have side effects
-    # bug #25046
-    # create a temp for the closure
-    # var :closureTemp
-    # :closureTemp = ...
-    let tempSym = newSym(skLet, getIdent(g.cache, ":closureTemp"), idgen, owner, body.info)
-    tempSym.typ = call[0].typ
-    let temp = newSymNode(tempSym)
-    var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, body.info)
-    addVar(v, temp)
-    result.add(v)
-    result.add newAsgnStmt(temp, call[0], body.info)
-    call[0] = temp
-
   var loopBody = newNodeI(nkStmtList, body.info, 3)
   var whileLoop = newNodeI(nkWhileStmt, body.info, 2)
   whileLoop[0] = newIntTypeNode(1, getSysType(g, body.info, tyBool))

compiler/layeredtable.nim

@@ -1,90 +0,0 @@
-import ast, astalgo
-
-type
-  LayeredIdTableObj* {.acyclic.} = object
-    ## stack of type binding contexts implemented as a linked list
-    topLayer*: TypeMapping
-      ## the mappings on the current layer
-    nextLayer*: ref LayeredIdTableObj
-      ## the parent type binding context, possibly `nil`
-    previousLen*: int
-      ## total length of the bindings up to the parent layer,
-      ## used to track if new bindings were added
-
-const useRef = not defined(gcDestructors)
-  # implementation detail, only arc/orc doesn't cause issues when
-  # using LayeredIdTable as an object and not a ref
-
-when useRef:
-  type LayeredIdTable* = ref LayeredIdTableObj
-else:
-  type LayeredIdTable* = LayeredIdTableObj
-
-proc initLayeredTypeMap*(pt: sink TypeMapping = initTypeMapping()): LayeredIdTable =
-  result = LayeredIdTable(topLayer: pt, nextLayer: nil)
-
-proc shallowCopy*(pt: LayeredIdTable): LayeredIdTable {.inline.} =
-  ## copies only the type bindings of the current layer, but not any parent layers,
-  ## useful for write-only bindings
-  result = LayeredIdTable(topLayer: pt.topLayer, nextLayer: pt.nextLayer, previousLen: pt.previousLen)
-  #copyIdTable(result.topLayer, pt.topLayer)
-
-proc currentLen*(pt: LayeredIdTable): int =
-  ## the sum of the cached total binding count of the parents and
-  ## the current binding count, just used to track if bindings were added
-  pt.previousLen + pt.topLayer.counter
-
-proc newTypeMapLayer*(pt: LayeredIdTable): LayeredIdTable =
-  result = LayeredIdTable(topLayer: initTypeMapping(), previousLen: pt.currentLen)
-  when useRef:
-    result.nextLayer = pt
-  else:
-    new(result.nextLayer)
-    result.nextLayer[] = pt
-
-proc setToPreviousLayer*(pt: var LayeredIdTable) {.inline.} =
-  when useRef:
-    pt = pt.nextLayer
-  else:
-    # Must read nextLayer into a temp before destroying pt:
-    # `pt = pt.nextLayer[]` would call eqcopy(&pt, &(*pt.nextLayer)) which
-    # decrements pt.nextLayer's rc (freeing it) before reading pt.nextLayer.nextLayer.
-    let tmp = pt.nextLayer[]
-    pt = tmp
-
-iterator pairs*(pt: LayeredIdTable): (ItemId, PType) =
-  var tm = pt
-  while true:
-    for (k, v) in idTablePairs(tm.topLayer):
-      yield (k, v)
-    if tm.nextLayer == nil:
-      break
-    tm.setToPreviousLayer
-
-proc lookup(typeMap: ref LayeredIdTableObj, key: ItemId): PType =
-  result = nil
-  var tm = typeMap
-  while tm != nil:
-    result = getOrDefault(tm.topLayer, key)
-    if result != nil: return
-    tm = tm.nextLayer
-
-template lookup*(typeMap: ref LayeredIdTableObj, key: PType): PType =
-  ## recursively looks up binding of `key` in all parent layers
-  lookup(typeMap, key.itemId)
-
-when not useRef:
-  proc lookup(typeMap: LayeredIdTableObj, key: ItemId): PType {.inline.} =
-    result = getOrDefault(typeMap.topLayer, key)
-    if result == nil and typeMap.nextLayer != nil:
-      result = lookup(typeMap.nextLayer, key)
-
-  template lookup*(typeMap: LayeredIdTableObj, key: PType): PType =
-    lookup(typeMap, key.itemId)
-
-proc put(typeMap: var LayeredIdTable, key: ItemId, value: PType) {.inline.} =
-  typeMap.topLayer[key] = value
-
-template put*(typeMap: var LayeredIdTable, key, value: PType) =
-  ## binds `key` to `value` only in current layer
-  put(typeMap, key.itemId, value)

compiler/lexer.nim

@@ -316,28 +316,6 @@ proc getNumber(L: var Lexer, result: var Token) =
     L.bufpos = msgPos
     lexMessage(L, msgKind, msg % t.literal)
 
-  proc checkBitWidth(L: var Lexer, base: NumericalBase, tokType: TokType, 
-                     numDigits: int, startpos: int) =
-    # Check bit width for non-base-10 literals
-    # Warn if the digit count exceeds what can fit in the target type
-    let bitsPerDigit = case base
-      of base2: 1
-      of base8: 3
-      of base16: 4
-      else: raiseAssert "unreachable"
-    let bitWidth = case tokType
-      of tkInt8Lit, tkUInt8Lit: 8
-      of tkInt16Lit, tkUInt16Lit: 16
-      of tkInt32Lit, tkUInt32Lit: 32
-      of tkInt64Lit, tkUIntLit, tkIntLit, tkUInt64Lit: 64
-      else: raiseAssert "unreachable"
-    # Maximum digits = ceil(bitWidth / bitsPerDigit) = (bitWidth + bitsPerDigit - 1) div bitsPerDigit
-    let maxDigits = (bitWidth + bitsPerDigit - 1) div bitsPerDigit
-    if numDigits > maxDigits:
-      lexMessageLitNum(L,
-        "number has " & $numDigits & " digits but type only supports " &
-        $maxDigits & " digits: '$1'", startpos, warnLongLiterals)
-
   var
     xi: BiggestInt
     isBase10 = true
@@ -513,11 +491,6 @@ proc getNumber(L: var Lexer, result: var Token) =
           setNumber result.fNumber, (cast[ptr float64](addr(xi)))[]
         else: internalError(L.config, getLineInfo(L), "getNumber")
 
-        # Check bit width for non-base-10 literals
-        # Warn if the digit count exceeds what can fit in the target type
-        if result.base != base10 and result.tokType in {tkIntLit..tkUInt64Lit} and numDigits > 0:
-          checkBitWidth(L, result.base, result.tokType, numDigits, startpos)
-
         # Bounds checks. Non decimal literals are allowed to overflow the range of
         # the datatype as long as their pattern don't overflow _bitwise_, hence
         # below checks of signed sizes against uint*.high is deliberate:
@@ -923,7 +896,7 @@ proc getSymbol(L: var Lexer, tok: var Token) =
     tok.tokType = tkSymbol
   else:
     tok.tokType = TokType(tok.ident.id + ord(tkSymbol))
-    if suspicious and {optStyleHint, optStyleError, optStyleWarning} * L.config.globalOptions != {}:
+    if suspicious and {optStyleHint, optStyleError} * L.config.globalOptions != {}:
       lintReport(L.config, getLineInfo(L), tok.ident.s.normalize, tok.ident.s)
   L.bufpos = pos
 
@@ -1349,7 +1322,7 @@ proc rawGetTok*(L: var Lexer, tok: var Token) =
           lexMessage(L, errGenerated, "invalid token: no whitespace between number and identifier")
     of '-':
       if L.buf[L.bufpos+1] in {'0'..'9'} and
-          (L.bufpos == 0 or L.buf[L.bufpos-1] in UnaryMinusWhitelist):
+          (L.bufpos-1 == 0 or L.buf[L.bufpos-1] in UnaryMinusWhitelist):
         # x)-23 # binary minus
         # ,-23  # unary minus
         # \n-78 # unary minus? Yes.

compiler/liftdestructors.nim

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ template asink*(t: PType): PSym = getAttachedOp(c.g, t, attachedSink)
 
 proc fillBody(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode)
 proc produceSym(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; typ: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp;
-              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym
+              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator; isDistinct = false): PSym
 
 proc createTypeBoundOps*(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; orig: PType; info: TLineInfo;
                          idgen: IdGenerator)
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ proc defaultOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     call.typ = t
     body.add newAsgnStmt(x, call)
   elif c.kind == attachedWasMoved:
-    body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+    body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc genAddr(c: var TLiftCtx; x: PNode): PNode =
   if x.kind == nkHiddenDeref:
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ proc destructorCall(c: var TLiftCtx; op: PSym; x: PNode): PNode =
   if sfNeverRaises notin op.flags:
     c.canRaise = true
   if c.addMemReset:
-    result = newTree(nkStmtList, destroy, genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved,  "wasMoved", x))
+    result = newTree(nkStmtList, destroy, genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved,  "`=wasMoved`", x))
   else:
     result = destroy
 
@@ -163,12 +163,12 @@ proc fillBodyObj(c: var TLiftCtx; n, body, x, y: PNode; enforceDefaultOp: bool,
     if c.filterDiscriminator != nil: return
     let f = n.sym
     let b = if c.kind == attachedTrace: y else: y.dotField(f)
-    if (sfCursor in f.flags and c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcHooks}) or
+    if (sfCursor in f.flags and c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcHooks}) or
         enforceDefaultOp:
       defaultOp(c, f.typ, body, x.dotField(f), b)
     else:
       if enforceWasMoved:
-        body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x.dotField(f))
+        body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x.dotField(f))
       fillBody(c, f.typ, body, x.dotField(f), b)
   of nkNilLit: discard
   of nkRecCase:
@@ -218,38 +218,23 @@ proc fillBodyObj(c: var TLiftCtx; n, body, x, y: PNode; enforceDefaultOp: bool,
       fillBodyObj(c, n[0], body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp = false)
     c.filterDiscriminator = oldfilterDiscriminator
   of nkRecList:
-    # destroys in reverse order #24719
-    if c.kind == attachedDestructor:
-      for i in countdown(n.len-1, 0):
-        fillBodyObj(c, n[i], body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp, enforceWasMoved)
-    else:
-      for t in items(n): fillBodyObj(c, t, body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp, enforceWasMoved)
+    for t in items(n): fillBodyObj(c, t, body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp, enforceWasMoved)
   else:
     illFormedAstLocal(n, c.g.config)
 
 proc fillBodyObjTImpl(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType, body, x, y: PNode) =
-  template fillBase =
-    if t.baseClass != nil:
-      let dest = newNodeIT(nkHiddenSubConv, c.info, t.baseClass)
-      dest.add newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)
-      dest.add x
-      var src = y
-      if c.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedDeepCopy, attachedSink}:
-        src = newNodeIT(nkHiddenSubConv, c.info, t.baseClass)
-        src.add newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)
-        src.add y
+  if t.baseClass != nil:
+    let dest = newNodeIT(nkHiddenSubConv, c.info, t.baseClass)
+    dest.add newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)
+    dest.add x
+    var src = y
+    if c.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedDeepCopy, attachedSink}:
+      src = newNodeIT(nkHiddenSubConv, c.info, t.baseClass)
+      src.add newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)
+      src.add y
 
-      fillBody(c, skipTypes(t.baseClass, abstractPtrs), body, dest, src)
-  template fillFields =
-    fillBodyObj(c, t.n, body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp = false)
-
-  if c.kind == attachedDestructor:
-    # destroys in reverse order #24719
-    fillFields()
-    fillBase()
-  else:
-    fillBase()
-    fillFields()
+    fillBody(c, skipTypes(t.baseClass, abstractPtrs), body, dest, src)
+  fillBodyObj(c, t.n, body, x, y, enforceDefaultOp = false)
 
 proc fillBodyObjT(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType, body, x, y: PNode) =
   var hasCase = isCaseObj(t.n)
@@ -284,7 +269,7 @@ proc fillBodyObjT(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType, body, x, y: PNode) =
       body.add genIf(c, cond, newTreeI(nkReturnStmt, c.info, newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)))
     var temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.g.cache, lowerings.genPrefix), c.idgen, c.fn, c.info)
     temp.typ = x.typ
-    incl(temp, sfFromGeneric)
+    incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
     var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, c.info)
     let blob = newSymNode(temp)
     v.addVar(blob, x)
@@ -292,8 +277,7 @@ proc fillBodyObjT(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType, body, x, y: PNode) =
     #body.add newAsgnStmt(blob, x)
 
     var wasMovedCall = newNodeI(nkCall, c.info)
-    wasMovedCall.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.g, c.idgen, "wasMoved", mWasMoved)))
-
+    wasMovedCall.add(newSymNode(createMagic(c.g, c.idgen, "`=wasMoved`", mWasMoved)))
     wasMovedCall.add x # mWasMoved does not take the address
     body.add wasMovedCall
 
@@ -380,10 +364,6 @@ proc requiresDestructor(c: TLiftCtx; t: PType): bool {.inline.} =
 proc instantiateGeneric(c: var TLiftCtx; op: PSym; t, typeInst: PType): PSym =
   if c.c != nil and typeInst != nil:
     result = c.c.instTypeBoundOp(c.c, op, typeInst, c.info, attachedAsgn, 1)
-  elif typeInst != nil and getAttachedOp(c.g, typeInst, c.kind) != nil:
-    # c.c == nil in lambdalifting
-    # hooks are already insted
-    result = getAttachedOp(c.g, typeInst, c.kind)
   else:
     localError(c.g.config, c.info,
       "cannot generate destructor for generic type: " & typeToString(t))
@@ -397,8 +377,7 @@ proc considerAsgnOrSink(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode;
     if op != nil and op != c.fn and
         (sfOverridden in op.flags or destructorOverridden):
       if sfError in op.flags:
-        ensureMutable c.fn
-        incl c.fn.flagsImpl, sfError
+        incl c.fn.flags, sfError
       #else:
       #  markUsed(c.g.config, c.info, op, c.g.usageSym)
       onUse(c.info, op)
@@ -424,8 +403,7 @@ proc considerAsgnOrSink(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode;
       if op == nil:
         op = produceSym(c.g, c.c, t, c.kind, c.info, c.idgen)
     if sfError in op.flags:
-      ensureMutable c.fn
-      incl c.fn.flagsImpl, sfError
+      incl c.fn.flags, sfError
     #else:
     #  markUsed(c.g.config, c.info, op, c.g.usageSym)
     onUse(c.info, op)
@@ -541,7 +519,7 @@ proc considerUserDefinedOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode): bool =
 proc declareCounter(c: var TLiftCtx; body: PNode; first: BiggestInt): PNode =
   var temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.g.cache, lowerings.genPrefix), c.idgen, c.fn, c.info)
   temp.typ = getSysType(c.g, body.info, tyInt)
-  incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
+  incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
 
   var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, c.info)
   result = newSymNode(temp)
@@ -551,29 +529,13 @@ proc declareCounter(c: var TLiftCtx; body: PNode; first: BiggestInt): PNode =
 proc declareTempOf(c: var TLiftCtx; body: PNode; value: PNode): PNode =
   var temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(c.g.cache, lowerings.genPrefix), c.idgen, c.fn, c.info)
   temp.typ = value.typ
-  incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
+  incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
 
   var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, c.info)
   result = newSymNode(temp)
   v.addVar(result, value)
   body.add v
 
-proc considerInferDupFromCopy(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode): bool =
-  ## For `=dup`, if no explicit hook exists, try to infer from `=copy` hook
-  ## to maintain backward compatibility. Returns true if inference was applied.
-  if c.kind == attachedDup:
-    var op2 = getAttachedOp(c.g, t, attachedAsgn)
-    if op2 != nil and sfOverridden in op2.flags:
-      #markUsed(c.g.config, c.info, op, c.g.usageSym)
-      onUse(c.info, op2)
-      body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
-      body.add newHookCall(c, op2, x, y)
-      result = true
-    else:
-      result = false
-  else:
-    result = false
-
 proc addIncStmt(c: var TLiftCtx; body, i: PNode) =
   let incCall = genBuiltin(c, mInc, "inc", i)
   incCall.add lowerings.newIntLit(c.g, c.info, 1)
@@ -592,12 +554,10 @@ proc setLenStrCall(c: var TLiftCtx; x, y: PNode): PNode =
   result = genBuiltin(c, mSetLengthStr, "setLen", x) # genAddr(g, x))
   result.add lenCall
 
-proc setLenSeqCall(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; x, y: PNode; noinit = false): PNode =
+proc setLenSeqCall(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; x, y: PNode): PNode =
   let lenCall = genBuiltin(c, mLengthSeq, "len", y)
   lenCall.typ = getSysType(c.g, x.info, tyInt)
-  let name = if noinit: "setLenUninit" else: "setLen"
-  let magic = if noinit: mSetLengthSeqUninit else: mSetLengthSeq
-  var op = getSysMagic(c.g, x.info, name, magic)
+  var op = getSysMagic(c.g, x.info, "setLen", mSetLengthSeq)
   op = instantiateGeneric(c, op, t, t)
   result = newTree(nkCall, newSymNode(op, x.info), x, lenCall)
 
@@ -622,35 +582,11 @@ proc checkSelfAssignment(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   cond.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyBool)
   body.add genIf(c, cond, newTreeI(nkReturnStmt, c.info, newNodeI(nkEmpty, c.info)))
 
-proc genBulkCopySeq(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
-  ## Generates a call to nimCopySeqPayload for bulk memcpy of seq data.
-  let elemType = t.elementType
-  let sym = magicsys.getCompilerProc(c.g, "nimCopySeqPayload")
-  if sym == nil:
-    localError(c.g.config, c.info, "system module needs: nimCopySeqPayload")
-    return
-  var sizeOf = genBuiltin(c, mSizeOf, "sizeof", newNodeIT(nkType, c.info, elemType))
-  sizeOf.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyInt)
-  var alignOf = genBuiltin(c, mAlignOf, "alignof", newNodeIT(nkType, c.info, elemType))
-  alignOf.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyInt)
-  let call = newNodeI(nkCall, c.info)
-  call.add newSymNode(sym)
-  call.add newTreeIT(nkAddr, c.info, makePtrType(c.fn, x.typ, c.idgen), x)
-  call.add newTreeIT(nkAddr, c.info, makePtrType(c.fn, y.typ, c.idgen), y)
-  call.add sizeOf
-  call.add alignOf
-  call.typ = sym.typ.returnType
-  body.add call
-
 proc fillSeqOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   case c.kind
   of attachedDup:
-    let bulkCopy = supportsCopyMem(t.elementType)
-    body.add setLenSeqCall(c, t, x, y, noinit = bulkCopy)
-    if bulkCopy:
-      genBulkCopySeq(c, t, body, x, y)
-    else:
-      forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
+    body.add setLenSeqCall(c, t, x, y)
+    forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
   of attachedAsgn, attachedDeepCopy:
     # we generate:
     # if x.p == y.p:
@@ -659,14 +595,9 @@ proc fillSeqOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     # var i = 0
     # while i < y.len: dest[i] = y[i]; inc(i)
     # This is usually more efficient than a destroy/create pair.
-    # For trivially copyable types, use bulk copyMem instead of element loop.
     checkSelfAssignment(c, t, body, x, y)
-    let bulkCopy = supportsCopyMem(t.elementType)
-    body.add setLenSeqCall(c, t, x, y, noinit = bulkCopy)
-    if bulkCopy:
-      genBulkCopySeq(c, t, body, x, y)
-    else:
-      forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
+    body.add setLenSeqCall(c, t, x, y)
+    forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
   of attachedSink:
     let moveCall = genBuiltin(c, mMove, "move", x)
     moveCall.add y
@@ -681,7 +612,7 @@ proc fillSeqOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     if canFormAcycle(c.g, t.elemType):
       # follow all elements:
       forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc useSeqOrStrOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   createTypeBoundOps(c.g, c.c, t, body.info, c.idgen)
@@ -711,11 +642,6 @@ proc useSeqOrStrOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       doAssert t.asink != nil
       body.add newHookCall(c, t.asink, x, y)
   of attachedDestructor:
-    when defined(icDbg):
-      if t.destructor == nil:
-        echo "MISSING destructor: ", typeToString(t), " kind=", t.kind,
-          " itemId=", t.itemId, " uniqueId=", t.uniqueId, " state=", t.state,
-          " owner=", (if t.owner != nil: t.owner.name.s else: "nil")
     doAssert t.destructor != nil
     body.add destructorCall(c, t.destructor, x)
   of attachedTrace:
@@ -724,7 +650,7 @@ proc useSeqOrStrOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       if op == nil:
         return # protect from recursion
       body.add newHookCall(c, op, x, y)
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
   of attachedDup:
     # XXX: replace these with assertions.
     let op = getAttachedOp(c.g, t, c.kind)
@@ -737,23 +663,16 @@ proc fillStrOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   of attachedAsgn, attachedDeepCopy, attachedDup:
     body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimAsgnStrV2", c.info, genAddr(c, x), y)
   of attachedSink:
-    if c.g.config.usesSso():
-      # SmallString: destroy old dst, then bit-copy src (no rc increment — this is a move).
-      # No .p aliasing check needed; rc-based destroy handles COW sharing correctly.
-      doAssert t.destructor != nil
-      body.add destructorCall(c, t.destructor, x)
-      body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
-    else:
-      let moveCall = genBuiltin(c, mMove, "move", x)
-      moveCall.add y
-      doAssert t.destructor != nil
-      moveCall.add destructorCall(c, t.destructor, x)
-      body.add moveCall
+    let moveCall = genBuiltin(c, mMove, "move", x)
+    moveCall.add y
+    doAssert t.destructor != nil
+    moveCall.add destructorCall(c, t.destructor, x)
+    body.add moveCall
   of attachedDestructor:
     body.add genBuiltin(c, mDestroy, "destroy", x)
   of attachedTrace:
     discard "strings are atomic and have no inner elements that are to trace"
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc cyclicType*(g: ModuleGraph, t: PType): bool =
   case t.kind
@@ -780,56 +699,25 @@ proc atomicRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     dest[] = source
     decRef tmp
 
-  For YRC the write barrier is more complicated still and must be:
-
-    let tmp = dest
-    # assignment must come first so that the collector sees the most-recent graph:
-    atomic: dest[] = source
-    # Then teach the cycle collector about the changes edge (these use locks, see yrc.nim):
-    incRef source
-    decRef tmp
-
-  This is implemented as a single runtime call (nimAsgnYrc / nimSinkYrc).
   ]#
   var actions = newNodeI(nkStmtList, c.info)
   let elemType = t.elementType
 
   createTypeBoundOps(c.g, c.c, elemType, c.info, c.idgen)
+  let isCyclic = c.g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc and types.canFormAcycle(c.g, elemType)
 
-  # YRC uses dedicated runtime procs for the entire write barrier:
-  if c.g.config.selectedGC == gcYrc:
-    let desc =
-      if isFinal(elemType):
-        let ti = genBuiltin(c, mGetTypeInfoV2, "getTypeInfoV2", newNodeIT(nkType, x.info, elemType))
-        ti.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
-        ti
-      else:
-        newNodeIT(nkNilLit, c.info, getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer))
-    case c.kind
-    of attachedAsgn, attachedDup:
-      body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimAsgnYrc", c.info, genAddr(c, x), y, desc)
-      return
-    of attachedSink:
-      body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimSinkYrc", c.info, genAddr(c, x), y, desc)
-      return
-    else: discard # fall through for destructor, trace, wasMoved
-
-  let isCyclic = c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc} and types.canFormAcycle(c.g, elemType)
-
-  let isInheritableAcyclicRef = c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc} and
+  let isInheritableAcyclicRef = c.g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc and
                       (not isPureObject(elemType)) and
                       tfAcyclic in skipTypes(elemType, abstractInst+{tyOwned}-{tyTypeDesc}).flags
   # dynamic Acyclic refs need to use dyn decRef
 
-  let useStatic = isFinal(elemType)
-
   let tmp =
     if isCyclic and c.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDup}:
       declareTempOf(c, body, x)
     else:
       x
 
-  if useStatic:
+  if isFinal(elemType):
     addDestructorCall(c, elemType, actions, genDeref(tmp, nkDerefExpr))
     var alignOf = genBuiltin(c, mAlignOf, "alignof", newNodeIT(nkType, c.info, elemType))
     alignOf.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyInt)
@@ -840,7 +728,7 @@ proc atomicRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
 
   var cond: PNode
   if isCyclic:
-    if useStatic:
+    if isFinal(elemType):
       let typInfo = genBuiltin(c, mGetTypeInfoV2, "getTypeInfoV2", newNodeIT(nkType, x.info, elemType))
       typInfo.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
       cond = callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimDecRefIsLastCyclicStatic", c.info, tmp, typInfo)
@@ -875,7 +763,7 @@ proc atomicRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
   of attachedTrace:
     if isCyclic:
-      if useStatic:
+      if isFinal(elemType):
         let typInfo = genBuiltin(c, mGetTypeInfoV2, "getTypeInfoV2", newNodeIT(nkType, x.info, elemType))
         typInfo.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
         body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimTraceRef", c.info, genAddrOf(x, c.idgen), typInfo, y)
@@ -883,7 +771,7 @@ proc atomicRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
         # If the ref is polymorphic we have to account for this
         body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimTraceRefDyn", c.info, genAddrOf(x, c.idgen), y)
       #echo "can follow ", elemType, " static ", isFinal(elemType)
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
   of attachedDup:
     if isCyclic:
       body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
@@ -900,26 +788,7 @@ proc atomicClosureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   let xenv = genBuiltin(c, mAccessEnv, "accessEnv", x)
   xenv.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
 
-  # Closures are (fnPtr, env) pairs. nimAsgnYrc/nimSinkYrc handle the env pointer
-  # (atomic store + buffered inc/dec). We also need newAsgnStmt to copy the fnPtr.
-  if c.g.config.selectedGC == gcYrc:
-    let nilDesc = newNodeIT(nkNilLit, c.info, getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer))
-    let yenv = genBuiltin(c, mAccessEnv, "accessEnv", y)
-    yenv.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
-    case c.kind
-    of attachedAsgn, attachedDup:
-      # nimAsgnYrc: save old env, atomic store new env, inc new env, dec old env
-      body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimAsgnYrc", c.info, genAddr(c, xenv), yenv, nilDesc)
-      # Raw struct copy to also update the function pointer (env write is redundant but benign)
-      body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
-      return
-    of attachedSink:
-      body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimSinkYrc", c.info, genAddr(c, xenv), yenv, nilDesc)
-      body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
-      return
-    else: discard # fall through for destructor, trace, wasMoved
-
-  let isCyclic = c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc}
+  let isCyclic = c.g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc
   let tmp =
     if isCyclic and c.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDup}:
       declareTempOf(c, body, xenv)
@@ -952,6 +821,7 @@ proc atomicClosureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       body.add genIf(c, cond, actions)
     else:
       body.add genIf(c, yenv, callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimIncRef", c.info, yenv))
+
       body.add genIf(c, cond, actions)
       body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
   of attachedDup:
@@ -968,7 +838,7 @@ proc atomicClosureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
   of attachedTrace:
     body.add callCodegenProc(c.g, "nimTraceRefDyn", c.info, genAddrOf(xenv, c.idgen), y)
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc weakrefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   case c.kind
@@ -996,7 +866,7 @@ proc weakrefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       body.sons.insert(des, 0)
   of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
   of attachedTrace: discard
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc ownedRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   var actions = newNodeI(nkStmtList, c.info)
@@ -1024,7 +894,7 @@ proc ownedRefOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     body.add genIf(c, x, actions)
   of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
   of attachedTrace: discard
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc closureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   if c.kind == attachedDeepCopy:
@@ -1036,7 +906,7 @@ proc closureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     call[1] = y
     body.add newAsgnStmt(x, call)
   elif (optOwnedRefs in c.g.config.globalOptions and
-      optRefCheck in c.g.config.options) or c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc, gcYrc}:
+      optRefCheck in c.g.config.options) or c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcAtomicArc, gcOrc}:
     let xx = genBuiltin(c, mAccessEnv, "accessEnv", x)
     xx.typ = getSysType(c.g, c.info, tyPointer)
     case c.kind
@@ -1064,7 +934,7 @@ proc closureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
         body.sons.insert(des, 0)
     of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
     of attachedTrace: discard
-    of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+    of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc ownedClosureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   let xx = genBuiltin(c, mAccessEnv, "accessEnv", x)
@@ -1082,25 +952,16 @@ proc ownedClosureOp(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
     body.add genIf(c, xx, actions)
   of attachedDeepCopy: assert(false, "cannot happen")
   of attachedTrace: discard
-  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+  of attachedWasMoved: body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
 
 proc fillBody(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   case t.kind
   of tyNone, tyEmpty, tyVoid: discard
-  of tyUncheckedArray:
-    # An UncheckedArray has no known length, so it cannot be copied, moved or
-    # destroyed as a value: it only ever lives behind a pointer and its bytes
-    # are managed manually (element ops for seqs/strings go through the
-    # seq/string hooks, which know the length). Emitting `x = y` for it (as the
-    # pointer-like group below does) produces an assignment of an unsized array,
-    # which the C backend cannot lower (genAssignment: tyUncheckedArray). So all
-    # value hooks for it are no-ops.
-    discard
   of tyPointer, tySet, tyBool, tyChar, tyEnum, tyInt..tyUInt64, tyCstring,
-      tyPtr, tyVar, tyLent:
+      tyPtr, tyUncheckedArray, tyVar, tyLent:
     defaultOp(c, t, body, x, y)
   of tyRef:
-    if c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc}:
+    if c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc}:
       atomicRefOp(c, t, body, x, y)
     elif (optOwnedRefs in c.g.config.globalOptions and
         optRefCheck in c.g.config.options):
@@ -1109,7 +970,7 @@ proc fillBody(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       defaultOp(c, t, body, x, y)
   of tyProc:
     if t.callConv == ccClosure:
-      if c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc}:
+      if c.g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc}:
         atomicClosureOp(c, t, body, x, y)
       else:
         closureOp(c, t, body, x, y)
@@ -1141,13 +1002,9 @@ proc fillBody(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
       # 'selectedGC' here to determine if we have the new runtime.
       discard considerUserDefinedOp(c, t, body, x, y)
     elif tfHasAsgn in t.flags:
-      # seqs with elements using custom hooks in refc
       if c.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDeepCopy}:
         body.add newSeqCall(c, x, y)
-      if c.kind == attachedWasMoved:
-        body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
-      else:
-        forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
+      forallElements(c, t, body, x, y)
     else:
       defaultOp(c, t, body, x, y)
   of tyString:
@@ -1164,18 +1021,23 @@ proc fillBody(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
         of {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDup}:
           body.add newAsgnStmt(x, y)
         of attachedWasMoved:
-          body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "wasMoved", x)
+          body.add genBuiltin(c, mWasMoved, "`=wasMoved`", x)
         else:
           fillBodyObjT(c, t, body, x, y)
-      elif tfUnion in t.flags: # bug #25236
-        defaultOp(c, t, body, x, y)
       else:
-        if not considerInferDupFromCopy(c, t, body, x, y):
+        if c.kind == attachedDup:
+          var op2 = getAttachedOp(c.g, t, attachedAsgn)
+          if op2 != nil and sfOverridden in op2.flags:
+            #markUsed(c.g.config, c.info, op, c.g.usageSym)
+            onUse(c.info, op2)
+            body.add newHookCall(c, t.assignment, x, y)
+          else:
+            fillBodyObjT(c, t, body, x, y)
+        else:
           fillBodyObjT(c, t, body, x, y)
   of tyDistinct:
     if not considerUserDefinedOp(c, t, body, x, y):
-      if not considerInferDupFromCopy(c, t, body, x, y):
-        fillBody(c, t.elementType, body, x, y)
+      fillBody(c, t.elementType, body, x, y)
   of tyTuple:
     fillBodyTup(c, t, body, x, y)
   of tyVarargs, tyOpenArray:
@@ -1201,7 +1063,9 @@ proc produceSymDistinctType(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; typ: PType;
   assert typ.kind == tyDistinct
   let baseType = typ.elementType
   if getAttachedOp(g, baseType, kind) == nil:
-    discard produceSym(g, c, baseType, kind, info, idgen)
+    # TODO: fixme `isDistinct` is a fix for #23552; remove it after
+    # `-d:nimPreviewNonVarDestructor` becomes the default
+    discard produceSym(g, c, baseType, kind, info, idgen, isDistinct = true)
   result = getAttachedOp(g, baseType, kind)
   setAttachedOp(g, idgen.module, typ, kind, result)
 
@@ -1222,7 +1086,7 @@ proc symDupPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttache
 
   result.typ.addParam src
 
-  if g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc} and
+  if g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc and
     cyclicType(g, typ.skipTypes(abstractInst)):
     let cycleParam = newSym(skParam, getIdent(g.cache, "cyclic"),
                             idgen, result, info)
@@ -1236,11 +1100,11 @@ proc symDupPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttache
   n[bodyPos] = newNodeI(nkStmtList, info)
   n[resultPos] = newSymNode(res)
   result.ast = n
-  incl result.flagsImpl, {sfFromGeneric, sfGeneratedOp}
-  setHookDisamb(g, result, AttachedOpToStr[kind], typ)
+  incl result.flags, sfFromGeneric
+  incl result.flags, sfGeneratedOp
 
 proc symPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttachedOp;
-              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator; isDiscriminant = false): PSym =
+              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator; isDiscriminant = false; isDistinct = false): PSym =
   if kind == attachedDup:
     return symDupPrototype(g, typ, owner, kind, info, idgen)
 
@@ -1250,8 +1114,8 @@ proc symPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttachedOp
   let src = newSym(skParam, getIdent(g.cache, if kind == attachedTrace: "env" else: "src"),
                    idgen, result, info)
 
-  if kind == attachedDestructor and g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcAtomicArc} and
-     ((g.config.isDefined("nimPreviewNonVarDestructor") and not isDiscriminant) or (typ.kind in {tyRef, tyString, tySequence})):
+  if kind == attachedDestructor and g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcAtomicArc} and
+     ((g.config.isDefined("nimPreviewNonVarDestructor") and not isDiscriminant) or (typ.kind in {tyRef, tyString, tySequence} and not isDistinct)):
     dest.typ = typ
   else:
     dest.typ = makeVarType(typ.owner, typ, idgen)
@@ -1266,7 +1130,7 @@ proc symPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttachedOp
   if kind notin {attachedDestructor, attachedWasMoved}:
     result.typ.addParam src
 
-  if kind == attachedAsgn and g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc} and
+  if kind == attachedAsgn and g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc and
       cyclicType(g, typ.skipTypes(abstractInst)):
     let cycleParam = newSym(skParam, getIdent(g.cache, "cyclic"),
                             idgen, result, info)
@@ -1279,15 +1143,11 @@ proc symPrototype(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; owner: PSym; kind: TTypeAttachedOp
   n[paramsPos] = result.typ.n
   n[bodyPos] = newNodeI(nkStmtList, info)
   result.ast = n
-  incl result.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric
-  incl result.flagsImpl, sfGeneratedOp
+  incl result.flags, sfFromGeneric
+  incl result.flags, sfGeneratedOp
   if kind == attachedWasMoved:
-    incl result.flagsImpl, sfNoSideEffect
-    incl result.typ, tfNoSideEffect
-  if not isDiscriminant:
-    # discriminant destructors derive their body from the enclosing object
-    # AND the selected field; their key is set at the call site
-    setHookDisamb(g, result, AttachedOpToStr[kind], typ)
+    incl result.flags, sfNoSideEffect
+    incl result.typ.flags, tfNoSideEffect
 
 proc genTypeFieldCopy(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   let xx = genBuiltin(c, mAccessTypeField, "accessTypeField", x)
@@ -1297,23 +1157,13 @@ proc genTypeFieldCopy(c: var TLiftCtx; t: PType; body, x, y: PNode) =
   body.add newAsgnStmt(xx, yy)
 
 proc produceSym(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; typ: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp;
-              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
+              info: TLineInfo; idgen: IdGenerator; isDistinct = false): PSym =
   if typ.kind == tyDistinct:
-    # For =dup, if the distinct type has a user-defined =copy, don't delegate
-    # to the base type. Instead fall through to the normal produceSym logic
-    # so that fillBody -> considerInferDupFromCopy can synthesize =dup from =copy.
-    if kind == attachedDup:
-      let copyOp = getAttachedOp(g, typ, attachedAsgn)
-      if copyOp != nil and sfOverridden in copyOp.flags:
-        discard "fall through to normal produceSym logic"
-      else:
-        return produceSymDistinctType(g, c, typ, kind, info, idgen)
-    else:
-      return produceSymDistinctType(g, c, typ, kind, info, idgen)
+    return produceSymDistinctType(g, c, typ, kind, info, idgen)
 
   result = getAttachedOp(g, typ, kind)
   if result == nil:
-    result = symPrototype(g, typ, typ.owner, kind, info, idgen)
+    result = symPrototype(g, typ, typ.owner, kind, info, idgen, isDistinct = isDistinct)
 
   var a = TLiftCtx(info: info, g: g, kind: kind, c: c, asgnForType: typ, idgen: idgen,
                    fn: result)
@@ -1330,48 +1180,33 @@ proc produceSym(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; typ: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp;
 
   if kind == attachedSink and destructorOverridden(g, typ):
     ## compiler can use a combination of `=destroy` and memCopy for sink op
-    ensureMutable dest
-    dest.flagsImpl.incl sfCursor
+    dest.flags.incl sfCursor
     let op = getAttachedOp(g, typ, attachedDestructor)
     result.ast[bodyPos].add newOpCall(a, op, if op.typ.firstParamType.kind == tyVar: d[0] else: d)
     result.ast[bodyPos].add newAsgnStmt(d, src)
   else:
     var tk: TTypeKind
-    var skipped: PType = nil
-    if g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcYrc, gcHooks, gcAtomicArc}:
-      skipped = skipTypes(typ, {tyOrdinal, tyRange, tyInferred, tyGenericInst, tyStatic, tyAlias, tySink})
-      tk = skipped.kind
+    if g.config.selectedGC in {gcArc, gcOrc, gcHooks, gcAtomicArc}:
+      tk = skipTypes(typ, {tyOrdinal, tyRange, tyInferred, tyGenericInst, tyStatic, tyAlias, tySink}).kind
     else:
       tk = tyNone # no special casing for strings and seqs
     case tk
     of tySequence:
-      let needsYrcLock = g.config.selectedGC == gcYrc and
-         kind in {attachedDestructor, attachedSink, attachedAsgn, attachedDeepCopy, attachedDup} and
-         types.canFormAcycle(g, skipped.elementType)
-      # YRC: topology-changing seq ops must hold the mutator (read) lock
-      if needsYrcLock:
-        result.ast[bodyPos].add callCodegenProc(g, "acquireMutatorLock", info)
       fillSeqOp(a, typ, result.ast[bodyPos], d, src)
-      if needsYrcLock:
-        result.ast[bodyPos].add callCodegenProc(g, "releaseMutatorLock", info)
     of tyString:
       fillStrOp(a, typ, result.ast[bodyPos], d, src)
     else:
       fillBody(a, typ, result.ast[bodyPos], d, src)
-      if tk == tyObject and a.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDeepCopy, attachedDup} and not isObjLackingTypeField(skipped):
+      if tk == tyObject and a.kind in {attachedAsgn, attachedSink, attachedDeepCopy, attachedDup} and not lacksMTypeField(typ):
         # bug #19205: Do not forget to also copy the hidden type field:
         genTypeFieldCopy(a, typ, result.ast[bodyPos], d, src)
 
   if not a.canRaise:
-    ensureMutable result
-    incl result.flagsImpl, sfNeverRaises
+    incl result.flags, sfNeverRaises
     result.ast[pragmasPos] = newNodeI(nkPragma, info)
     result.ast[pragmasPos].add newTree(nkExprColonExpr,
         newIdentNode(g.cache.getIdent("raises"),  info), newNodeI(nkBracket, info))
 
-  if kind == attachedDestructor:
-    ensureMutable result
-    incl result.optionsImpl, optQuirky
   completePartialOp(g, idgen.module, typ, kind, result)
 
 
@@ -1380,7 +1215,6 @@ proc produceDestructorForDiscriminator*(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; field: PSym,
   assert(typ.skipTypes({tyAlias, tyGenericInst}).kind == tyObject)
   # discrimantor assignments needs pointers to destroy fields; alas, we cannot use non-var destructor here
   result = symPrototype(g, field.typ, typ.owner, attachedDestructor, info, idgen, isDiscriminant = true)
-  setHookDisamb(g, result, "=destroy¦" & field.name.s & "¦" & $field.position, typ)
   var a = TLiftCtx(info: info, g: g, kind: attachedDestructor, asgnForType: typ, idgen: idgen,
                    fn: result)
   a.asgnForType = typ
@@ -1397,9 +1231,7 @@ proc produceDestructorForDiscriminator*(g: ModuleGraph; typ: PType; field: PSym,
   result.ast[bodyPos].add v
   let placeHolder = newNodeIT(nkSym, info, getSysType(g, info, tyPointer))
   fillBody(a, typ, result.ast[bodyPos], d, placeHolder)
-  if not a.canRaise:
-    ensureMutable result
-    incl result.flagsImpl, sfNeverRaises
+  if not a.canRaise: incl result.flags, sfNeverRaises
 
 
 template liftTypeBoundOps*(c: PContext; typ: PType; info: TLineInfo) =
@@ -1434,7 +1266,7 @@ proc inst(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; t: PType; kind: TTypeAttachedOp; idgen: I
     else:
       localError(g.config, info, "unresolved generic parameter")
 
-proc isTrivial*(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
+proc isTrival*(s: PSym): bool {.inline.} =
   s == nil or (s.ast != nil and s.ast[bodyPos].len == 0)
 
 proc createTypeBoundOps(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; orig: PType; info: TLineInfo;
@@ -1443,13 +1275,7 @@ proc createTypeBoundOps(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; orig: PType; info: TLineInf
   ## to ensure we lift assignment, destructors and moves properly.
   ## The later 'injectdestructors' pass depends on it.
   if orig == nil or {tfCheckedForDestructor, tfHasMeta} * orig.flags != {}: return
-  # IC: review this solution again later
-  incl orig.flagsImpl, tfCheckedForDestructor
-  # for user defined generic destructors:
-  let origRoot = genericRoot(orig)
-  if origRoot != nil:
-    # IC: review this solution again later
-    incl origRoot.flagsImpl, tfGenericHasDestructor
+  incl orig.flags, tfCheckedForDestructor
 
   let skipped = orig.skipTypes({tyGenericInst, tyAlias, tySink})
   if isEmptyContainer(skipped) or skipped.kind == tyStatic: return
@@ -1469,13 +1295,13 @@ proc createTypeBoundOps(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; orig: PType; info: TLineInf
 
   # we do not generate '=trace' procs if we
   # have the cycle detection disabled, saves code size.
-  let lastAttached = if g.config.selectedGC in {gcOrc, gcYrc}: attachedTrace
+  let lastAttached = if g.config.selectedGC == gcOrc: attachedTrace
                      else: attachedSink
 
   # bug #15122: We need to produce all prototypes before entering the
   # mind boggling recursion. Hacks like these imply we should rewrite
   # this module.
-  var generics = default(array[attachedWasMoved..attachedTrace, bool])
+  var generics: array[attachedWasMoved..attachedTrace, bool] = default(array[attachedWasMoved..attachedTrace, bool])
   for k in attachedWasMoved..lastAttached:
     generics[k] = getAttachedOp(g, canon, k) != nil
     if not generics[k]:
@@ -1491,9 +1317,8 @@ proc createTypeBoundOps(g: ModuleGraph; c: PContext; orig: PType; info: TLineInf
     if canon != orig:
       setAttachedOp(g, idgen.module, orig, k, getAttachedOp(g, canon, k))
 
-  if not isTrivial(getAttachedOp(g, orig, attachedDestructor)):
-    #or not isTrivial(orig.assignment) or
-    # not isTrivial(orig.sink):
-    # IC: review this solution again later
-    orig.flagsImpl.incl tfHasAsgn
+  if not isTrival(getAttachedOp(g, orig, attachedDestructor)):
+    #or not isTrival(orig.assignment) or
+    # not isTrival(orig.sink):
+    orig.flags.incl tfHasAsgn
     # ^ XXX Breaks IC!

compiler/lineinfos.nim

@@ -93,14 +93,9 @@ type
     warnBareExcept = "BareExcept",
     warnImplicitDefaultValue = "ImplicitDefaultValue",
     warnIgnoredSymbolInjection = "IgnoredSymbolInjection",
-    warnStdPrefix = "StdPrefix",
-    warnUnknownNotes = "UnknownNotes",
-    warnLongLiterals = "LongLiterals",
+    warnStdPrefix = "StdPrefix"
     warnUser = "User",
     warnGlobalVarConstructorTemporary = "GlobalVarConstructorTemporary",
-    warnImplicitRangeConversion = "ImplicitRangeConversion",
-    warnSystemRangeConversion = "SystemRangeConversion",
-    warnInvalidCmpOp = "InvalidCmpOp",
     # hints
     hintSuccess = "Success", hintSuccessX = "SuccessX",
     hintCC = "CC",
@@ -114,9 +109,9 @@ type
     hintSource = "Source", hintPerformance = "Performance", hintStackTrace = "StackTrace",
     hintGCStats = "GCStats", hintGlobalVar = "GlobalVar", hintExpandMacro = "ExpandMacro",
     hintUser = "User", hintUserRaw = "UserRaw", hintExtendedContext = "ExtendedContext",
-    hintUnknownRaises = "UnknownRaises",
     hintMsgOrigin = "MsgOrigin", # since 1.3.5
     hintDeclaredLoc = "DeclaredLoc", # since 1.5.1
+    hintUnknownHint = "UnknownHint"
 
 const
   MsgKindToStr*: array[TMsgKind, string] = [
@@ -205,13 +200,8 @@ const
     warnImplicitDefaultValue: "$1",
     warnIgnoredSymbolInjection: "$1",
     warnStdPrefix: "$1 needs the 'std' prefix",
-    warnUnknownNotes: "$1",
-    warnLongLiterals: "$1",
     warnUser: "$1",
     warnGlobalVarConstructorTemporary: "global variable '$1' initialization requires a temporary variable",
-    warnImplicitRangeConversion: "implicit range conversion $1",
-    warnSystemRangeConversion: "implicit range conversion $1",
-    warnInvalidCmpOp: "$1",
     hintSuccess: "operation successful: $#",
     # keep in sync with `testament.isSuccess`
     hintSuccessX: "$build\n$loc lines; ${sec}s; $mem; proj: $project; out: $output",
@@ -245,9 +235,9 @@ const
     hintUser: "$1",
     hintUserRaw: "$1",
     hintExtendedContext: "$1",
-    hintUnknownRaises: "$1 is a forward declaration without explicit .raises, assuming it can raise anything",
     hintMsgOrigin: "$1",
-    hintDeclaredLoc: "$1"
+    hintDeclaredLoc: "$1",
+    hintUnknownHint: "unknown hint: $1"
   ]
 
 const
@@ -266,9 +256,9 @@ type
 
 proc computeNotesVerbosity(): array[0..3, TNoteKinds] =
   result = default(array[0..3, TNoteKinds])
-  result[3] = {low(TNoteKind)..high(TNoteKind)} - {warnObservableStores, warnResultUsed, warnAnyEnumConv, warnBareExcept, warnStdPrefix, warnSystemRangeConversion}
+  result[3] = {low(TNoteKind)..high(TNoteKind)} - {warnObservableStores, warnResultUsed, warnAnyEnumConv, warnBareExcept, warnStdPrefix}
   result[2] = result[3] - {hintStackTrace, hintExtendedContext, hintDeclaredLoc, hintProcessingStmt}
-  result[1] = result[2] - {warnImplicitRangeConversion, warnProveField, warnProveIndex,
+  result[1] = result[2] - {warnProveField, warnProveIndex,
     warnGcUnsafe, hintPath, hintDependency, hintCodeBegin, hintCodeEnd,
     hintSource, hintGlobalVar, hintGCStats, hintMsgOrigin, hintPerformance}
   result[0] = result[1] - {hintSuccessX, hintSuccess, hintConf,
@@ -278,13 +268,8 @@ const
   NotesVerbosity* = computeNotesVerbosity()
   errXMustBeCompileTime* = "'$1' can only be used in compile-time context"
   errArgsNeedRunOption* = "arguments can only be given if the '--run' option is selected"
-  errFloatToString* = "cannot convert '$1' to '$2'"
 
 type
-  FileInfoKind* = enum
-    fikSource,      ## A real source file path
-    fikNifModule    ## A NIF module suffix (not a real path)
-
   TFileInfo* = object
     fullPath*: AbsoluteFile    # This is a canonical full filesystem path
     projPath*: RelativeFile    # This is relative to the project's root
@@ -303,7 +288,6 @@ type
                                # for 'nimsuggest'
     hash*: string              # the checksum of the file
     dirty*: bool               # for 'nimpretty' like tooling
-    kind*: FileInfoKind        # distinguishes real files from NIF suffixes
     when defined(nimpretty):
       fullContent*: string
   FileIndex* = distinct int32

compiler/linter.nim

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import std/strutils
 from std/sugar import dup
 
-import options, ast, msgs, idents, lineinfos, wordrecg, astmsgs, semdata, packages, modulegraphs
+import options, ast, msgs, idents, lineinfos, wordrecg, astmsgs, semdata, packages
 export packages
 
 const
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ proc nep1CheckDefImpl(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo; s: PSym; k: TSymKind) =
 template styleCheckDef*(ctx: PContext; info: TLineInfo; sym: PSym; k: TSymKind) =
   ## Check symbol definitions adhere to NEP1 style rules.
   if optStyleCheck in ctx.config.options and # ignore if styleChecks are off
-     {optStyleHint, optStyleError, optStyleWarning} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # check only if hint/error/warning is enabled
+     {optStyleHint, optStyleError} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # check only if hint/error is enabled
      hintName in ctx.config.notes and # ignore if name checks are not requested
-     ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackageMaybeNil(getModule(ctx.graph, info.fileIndex)) and # ignore foreign packages
+     ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackage(sym) and # ignore foreign packages
      optStyleUsages notin ctx.config.globalOptions and # ignore if requested to only check name usage
      sym.kind != skResult and # ignore `result`
      sym.kind != skTemp and # ignore temporary variables created by the compiler
@@ -136,9 +136,9 @@ proc styleCheckUseImpl(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo; s: PSym) =
 
 template styleCheckUse*(ctx: PContext; info: TLineInfo; sym: PSym) =
   ## Check symbol uses match their definition's style.
-  if {optStyleHint, optStyleError, optStyleWarning} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # ignore if styleChecks are off
+  if {optStyleHint, optStyleError} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # ignore if styleChecks are off
      hintName in ctx.config.notes and # ignore if name checks are not requested
-     ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackageMaybeNil(getModule(ctx.graph, info.fileIndex)) and # ignore foreign packages
+     ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackage(sym) and # ignore foreign packages
      sym.kind != skTemp and # ignore temporary variables created by the compiler
      sym.name.s[0] in Letters and # ignore operators TODO: what about unicode symbols???
      sfAnon notin sym.flags: # ignore temporary variables created by the compiler
@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ proc checkPragmaUseImpl(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo; w: TSpecialWord; pragm
 template checkPragmaUse*(ctx: PContext; info: TLineInfo; w: TSpecialWord; pragmaName: string, sym: PSym) =
   ## Check builtin pragma uses match their definition's style.
   ## Note: This only applies to builtin pragmas, not user pragmas.
-  if {optStyleHint, optStyleError, optStyleWarning} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # ignore if styleChecks are off
+  if {optStyleHint, optStyleError} * ctx.config.globalOptions != {} and # ignore if styleChecks are off
      hintName in ctx.config.notes and # ignore if name checks are not requested
-     ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackageMaybeNil(getModule(ctx.graph, info.fileIndex)): # ignore foreign packages
+     (sym != nil and ctx.config.belongsToProjectPackage(sym)): # ignore foreign packages
     checkPragmaUseImpl(ctx.config, info, w, pragmaName)

compiler/llstream.nim

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 
 import
   pathutils
-import std/strutils
+
 when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
   import std/syncio
 
@@ -86,47 +86,6 @@ const
   LineContinuationOprs = {'+', '-', '*', '/', '\\', '<', '>', '!', '?', '^',
                           '|', '%', '&', '$', '@', '~', ','}
   AdditionalLineContinuationOprs = {'#', ':', '='}
-  LineContinuationTokens = [
-    "let", "var", "const", "type",  # section
-    "object", "tuple",
-    # from ./layouter.oprSet
-    "div", "mod", "shl", "shr", "in", "notin", "is",
-    "isnot", "not", "of", "as", "from", "..", "and", "or", "xor", 
-  ]  # must be all `nimIdentNormalized`-ed
-
-proc eqIdent(a, bNormalized: string): bool =
-  a.nimIdentNormalize == bNormalized
-
-proc endsWithIdent(s, subs: string): bool =
-  let le = subs.len
-  if le > s.len: return false
-  s[^le .. ^1].eqIdent subs
-
-proc continuesWithIdent(s, subs: string, start: int): bool =
-  s.substr(start, start+subs.high).eqIdent subs
-
-proc endsWithIdent(s, subs: string, endIdx: var int): bool =
-  endIdx.dec subs.len
-  result = s.continuesWithIdent(subs, endIdx+1)
-
-proc containsObjectOf(x: string): bool =
-  const sep = ' '
-  var idx = x.rfind(sep)
-  if idx == -1: return
-  template eatWord(word) =  
-    while x[idx] == sep: idx.dec
-    result = x.endsWithIdent(word, idx)
-    if not result: return
-  eatWord "of"
-  eatWord "object"
-  result = true
-
-proc endsWithLineContinuationToken(x: string): bool =
-  result = false
-  for tok in LineContinuationTokens:
-    if x.endsWithIdent(tok):
-      return true
-  result = x.containsObjectOf
 
 proc endsWithOpr*(x: string): bool =
   result = x.endsWith(LineContinuationOprs)
@@ -134,9 +93,7 @@ proc endsWithOpr*(x: string): bool =
 proc continueLine(line: string, inTripleString: bool): bool {.inline.} =
   result = inTripleString or line.len > 0 and (
         line[0] == ' ' or
-        line.endsWith(LineContinuationOprs+AdditionalLineContinuationOprs) or
-        line.endsWithLineContinuationToken()
-      )
+        line.endsWith(LineContinuationOprs+AdditionalLineContinuationOprs))
 
 proc countTriples(s: string): int =
   result = 0
@@ -152,10 +109,7 @@ proc llReadFromStdin(s: PLLStream, buf: pointer, bufLen: int): int =
   s.rd = 0
   var line = newStringOfCap(120)
   var triples = 0
-  while true:
-    if not readLineFromStdin(if s.s.len == 0: ">>> " else: "... ", line):
-      # now readLineFromStdin meets EOF (ctrl-D/Z) or ctrl-C
-      quit()
+  while readLineFromStdin(if s.s.len == 0: ">>> " else: "... ", line):
     s.s.add(line)
     s.s.add("\n")
     inc triples, countTriples(line)
@@ -163,7 +117,7 @@ proc llReadFromStdin(s: PLLStream, buf: pointer, bufLen: int): int =
   inc(s.lineOffset)
   result = min(bufLen, s.s.len - s.rd)
   if result > 0:
-    copyMem(buf, readRawData(s.s, s.rd), result)
+    copyMem(buf, addr(s.s[s.rd]), result)
     inc(s.rd, result)
 
 proc llStreamRead*(s: PLLStream, buf: pointer, bufLen: int): int =
@@ -173,7 +127,7 @@ proc llStreamRead*(s: PLLStream, buf: pointer, bufLen: int): int =
   of llsString:
     result = min(bufLen, s.s.len - s.rd)
     if result > 0:
-      copyMem(buf, readRawData(s.s, s.rd), result)
+      copyMem(buf, addr(s.s[0 + s.rd]), result)
       inc(s.rd, result)
   of llsFile:
     result = readBuffer(s.f, buf, bufLen)

compiler/lookups.nim

@@ -58,11 +58,13 @@ proc considerQuotedIdent*(c: PContext; n: PNode, origin: PNode = nil): PIdent =
         of nkLiterals - nkFloatLiterals: id.add(x.renderTree)
         else: handleError(n, origin)
       result = getIdent(c.cache, id)
-  of nkOpenSymChoice, nkClosedSymChoice, nkOpenSym:
+  of nkOpenSymChoice, nkClosedSymChoice:
     if n[0].kind == nkSym:
       result = n[0].sym.name
     else:
       handleError(n, origin)
+  of nkOpenSym:
+    result = considerQuotedIdent(c, n[0], origin)
   else:
     handleError(n, origin)
 
@@ -75,13 +77,10 @@ proc addUniqueSym*(scope: PScope, s: PSym): PSym =
 proc openScope*(c: PContext): PScope {.discardable.} =
   result = PScope(parent: c.currentScope,
                   symbols: initStrTable(),
-                  depthLevel: c.scopeDepth + 1,
-                  optionStackLen: c.optionStack.len)
+                  depthLevel: c.scopeDepth + 1)
   c.currentScope = result
 
 proc rawCloseScope*(c: PContext) =
-  if c.currentScope.optionStackLen >= 1:
-    c.optionStack.setLen(c.currentScope.optionStackLen)
   c.currentScope = c.currentScope.parent
 
 proc closeScope*(c: PContext) =
@@ -222,14 +221,7 @@ proc debugScopes*(c: PContext; limit=0, max = int.high) {.deprecated.} =
     if i == limit: return
     inc i
 
-proc searchImportsAll*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds, holding: var seq[PSym]) =
-  var marked = initIntSet()
-  for im in c.imports.mitems:
-    for s in symbols(im, marked, s, c.graph):
-      if s.kind in filter:
-        holding.add s
-
-proc searchScopes*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
+proc searchInScopesAllCandidatesFilterBy*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
   result = @[]
   for scope in allScopes(c.currentScope):
     var ti: TIdentIter = default(TIdentIter)
@@ -239,12 +231,14 @@ proc searchScopes*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
         result.add candidate
       candidate = nextIdentIter(ti, scope.symbols)
 
-proc searchScopesAll*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
-  result = searchScopes(c,s,filter)
   if result.len == 0:
-    searchImportsAll(c, s, filter, result)
+    var marked = initIntSet()
+    for im in c.imports.mitems:
+      for s in symbols(im, marked, s, c.graph):
+        if s.kind in filter:
+          result.add s
 
-proc selectFromScopesElseAll*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
+proc searchInScopesFilterBy*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PSym] =
   result = @[]
   block outer:
     for scope in allScopes(c.currentScope):
@@ -258,7 +252,11 @@ proc selectFromScopesElseAll*(c: PContext, s: PIdent, filter: TSymKinds): seq[PS
         candidate = nextIdentIter(ti, scope.symbols)
 
   if result.len == 0:
-    searchImportsAll(c, s, filter, result)
+    var marked = initIntSet()
+    for im in c.imports.mitems:
+      for s in symbols(im, marked, s, c.graph):
+        if s.kind in filter:
+          result.add s
 
 proc cmpScopes*(ctx: PContext, s: PSym): int =
   # Do not return a negative number
@@ -311,7 +309,7 @@ proc errorSym*(c: PContext, ident: PIdent, info: TLineInfo): PSym =
   ## creates an error symbol to avoid cascading errors (for IDE support)
   result = newSym(skError, ident, c.idgen, getCurrOwner(c), info, {})
   result.typ = errorType(c)
-  incl(result.flagsImpl, sfDiscardable)
+  incl(result.flags, sfDiscardable)
   # pretend it's from the top level scope to prevent cascading errors:
   if c.config.cmd != cmdInteractive and c.compilesContextId == 0:
     c.moduleScope.addSym(result)
@@ -378,9 +376,6 @@ proc wrongRedefinition*(c: PContext; info: TLineInfo, s: string;
                         conflictsWith: TLineInfo, note = errGenerated) =
   ## Emit a redefinition error if in non-interactive mode
   if c.config.cmd != cmdInteractive:
-    when defined(icDbgRefc):
-      echo "[icRedef] ", s
-      echo getStackTrace()
     localError(c.config, info, note,
       "redefinition of '$1'; previous declaration here: $2" %
       [s, c.config $ conflictsWith])
@@ -391,7 +386,7 @@ proc addDeclAt*(c: PContext; scope: PScope, sym: PSym, info: TLineInfo) =
   if sym.name.id == ord(wUnderscore): return
   let conflict = scope.addUniqueSym(sym)
   if conflict != nil:
-    if sym.kind == skModule and conflict.kind == skModule and not c.config.isDefined("nimPreviewDuplicateModuleError"):
+    if sym.kind == skModule and conflict.kind == skModule:
       # e.g.: import foo; import foo
       # xxx we could refine this by issuing a different hint for the case
       # where a duplicate import happens inside an include.
@@ -415,6 +410,8 @@ proc addDecl*(c: PContext, sym: PSym) {.inline.} =
 proc addPrelimDecl*(c: PContext, sym: PSym) =
   discard c.currentScope.addUniqueSym(sym)
 
+from ic / ic import addHidden
+
 proc addInterfaceDeclAux(c: PContext, sym: PSym) =
   ## adds symbol to the module for either private or public access.
   if sfExported in sym.flags:
@@ -423,6 +420,8 @@ proc addInterfaceDeclAux(c: PContext, sym: PSym) =
     else: internalError(c.config, sym.info, "addInterfaceDeclAux")
   elif sym.kind in ExportableSymKinds and c.module != nil and isTopLevelInsideDeclaration(c, sym):
     strTableAdd(semtabAll(c.graph, c.module), sym)
+    if c.config.symbolFiles != disabledSf:
+      addHidden(c.encoder, c.packedRepr, sym)
 
 proc addInterfaceDeclAt*(c: PContext, scope: PScope, sym: PSym) =
   ## adds a symbol on the scope and the interface if appropriate
@@ -462,15 +461,6 @@ proc openShadowScope*(c: PContext) =
                           symbols: initStrTable(),
                           depthLevel: c.scopeDepth)
 
-proc rememberShadowDefs*(c: PContext) =
-  ## bug #25693: a template/macro operand's local definitions are sem-checked in
-  ## a shadow scope that is then discarded. Record those definitions so that a
-  ## later re-emission (e.g. a captured `typed` fragment expanded more than once)
-  ## can be detected as a redefinition rather than silently miscompiled.
-  for s in c.currentScope.symbols:
-    if s.kind in {skVar, skLet, skForVar} and {sfGenSym, sfWasGenSym} * s.flags == {}:
-      c.shadowDiscardedDefs.incl s.id
-
 proc closeShadowScope*(c: PContext) =
   ## closes the shadow scope, but doesn't merge any of the symbols
   ## Does not check for unused symbols or missing forward decls since a macro
@@ -654,7 +644,7 @@ const allExceptModule = {low(TSymKind)..high(TSymKind)} - {skModule, skPackage}
 
 proc lookUpCandidates*(c: PContext, ident: PIdent, filter: set[TSymKind],
                        includePureEnum = false): seq[PSym] =
-  result = selectFromScopesElseAll(c, ident, filter)
+  result = searchInScopesFilterBy(c, ident, filter)
   if skEnumField in filter and (result.len == 0 or includePureEnum):
     result.add allPureEnumFields(c, ident)
 
@@ -735,7 +725,7 @@ proc qualifiedLookUp*(c: PContext, n: PNode, flags: set[TLookupFlag]): PSym =
 proc initOverloadIter*(o: var TOverloadIter, c: PContext, n: PNode): PSym =
   if n.kind == nkOpenSym:
     # maybe the logic in semexprs should be mirrored here instead
-    # for now it only seems this is called for `pickSym` in `getTypeIdent`
+    # for now it only seems this is called for `pickSym` in `getTypeIdent` 
     return initOverloadIter(o, c, n[0])
   o.importIdx = -1
   o.marked = initIntSet()

compiler/lowerings.nim

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ proc lowerTupleUnpacking*(g: ModuleGraph; n: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: P
     var temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(g.cache, genPrefix), idgen,
                   owner, value.info, g.config.options)
     temp.typ = skipTypes(value.typ, abstractInst)
-    incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
+    incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
     tempAsNode = newSymNode(temp)
 
   var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, value.info)
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ proc evalOnce*(g: ModuleGraph; value: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): P
   var temp = newSym(skTemp, getIdent(g.cache, genPrefix), idgen,
                     owner, value.info, g.config.options)
   temp.typ = skipTypes(value.typ, abstractInst)
-  incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
+  incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
 
   var v = newNodeI(nkLetSection, value.info)
   let tempAsNode = newSymNode(temp)
@@ -127,8 +127,8 @@ proc lowerSwap*(g: ModuleGraph; n: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym): PNod
   # note: cannot use 'skTemp' here cause we really need the copy for the VM :-(
   var temp = newSym(skVar, getIdent(g.cache, genPrefix), idgen, owner, n.info, owner.options)
   temp.typ = n[1].typ
-  incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfFromGeneric)
-  incl(temp.flagsImpl, sfGenSym)
+  incl(temp.flags, sfFromGeneric)
+  incl(temp.flags, sfGenSym)
 
   var v = newNodeI(nkVarSection, n.info)
   let tempAsNode = newSymNode(temp)
@@ -147,13 +147,13 @@ proc createObj*(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; owner: PSym, info: TLineInfo
   result = newType(tyObject, idgen, owner)
   if final:
     rawAddSon(result, nil)
-    incl result, tfFinal
+    incl result.flags, tfFinal
   else:
     rawAddSon(result, getCompilerProc(g, "RootObj").typ)
   result.n = newNodeI(nkRecList, info)
   let s = newSym(skType, getIdent(g.cache, "Env_" & toFilename(g.config, info) & "_" & $owner.name.s),
                   idgen, owner, info, owner.options)
-  incl s.flagsImpl, sfAnon
+  incl s.flags, sfAnon
   s.typ = result
   result.sym = s
 
@@ -207,70 +207,15 @@ proc lookupInRecord(n: PNode, id: ItemId): PSym =
         if result != nil: return
       else: discard
   of nkSym:
-    if matchesDerivedFieldId(n.sym.itemId, id): result = n.sym
-  else: discard
-
-proc lookupCapturedField(n: PNode, s: PSym): PSym =
-  ## Find an env field that `addField` would have produced for the captured
-  ## local `s`. Used as a fallback when the derived-itemId match fails because
-  ## `s` is a macro-generated gensym whose process-local id diverges from the
-  ## loaded env field's (see `addField`). `addField` always names a field
-  ## `s.name & $field.position`, so that pair uniquely identifies the field for a
-  ## local of this name without relying on the (unstable) item id.
-  result = nil
-  case n.kind
-  of nkRecList:
-    for i in 0..<n.len:
-      result = lookupCapturedField(n[i], s)
-      if result != nil: return
-  of nkRecCase:
-    if n[0].kind != nkSym: return
-    result = lookupCapturedField(n[0], s)
-    if result != nil: return
-    for i in 1..<n.len:
-      case n[i].kind
-      of nkOfBranch, nkElse:
-        result = lookupCapturedField(lastSon(n[i]), s)
-        if result != nil: return
-      else: discard
-  of nkSym:
-    if n.sym.kind == skField and n.sym.name.s == s.name.s & $n.sym.position:
-      result = n.sym
+    if n.sym.itemId.module == id.module and n.sym.itemId.item == -abs(id.item): result = n.sym
   else: discard
 
 proc addField*(obj: PType; s: PSym; cache: IdentCache; idgen: IdGenerator): PSym =
-  # Idempotent w.r.t. the captured symbol (mirrors `addUniqueField`): re-lifting
-  # a LOADED routine re-derives its transformed body (never serialized under IC)
-  # and re-captures the same locals, but the env object loaded from the NIF
-  # already carries their fields. Re-adding would duplicate the field and, worse,
-  # mutate a Sealed loaded type via `propagateToOwner` (the `t.state != Sealed`
-  # crash). Return the existing field instead.
-  let existing = lookupInRecord(obj.n, s.itemId)
-  if existing != nil:
-    return existing
-  # Re-lifting a LOADED routine during a VM transform (its transformed body is
-  # re-derived per process, never serialized) re-captures the same locals, but
-  # for a macro-generated gensym (e.g. libp2p `p2pProtocolBackendImpl`'s
-  # `msgVar`) its process-local id diverges from the one baked into the loaded
-  # env field, so the id match above misses. Reuse the existing same-named field
-  # rather than appending a divergent duplicate, which keeps the re-derived
-  # closure consistent (else a stale `:env` access reaches `cannotEval`).
-  # Confined to a loaded (Sealed) env: in a freshly built env ids are consistent,
-  # and two distinct same-named captures legitimately get distinct fields there.
-  if obj.state == Sealed:
-    let byName = lookupCapturedField(obj.n, s)
-    if byName != nil:
-      return byName
-  # Genuinely new field. Under IC the env may be a loaded Sealed type whose
-  # transform-time mutation is process-local (the body is discarded after the
-  # macro runs), so downgrade it to mutable instead of crashing on
-  # `t.state != Sealed` (mirrors `markAsClosure`).
-  unsealForTransform(obj)
   # because of 'gensym' support, we have to mangle the name with its ID.
   # This is hacky but the clean solution is much more complex than it looks.
   var field = newSym(skField, getIdent(cache, s.name.s & $obj.n.len),
                      idgen, s.owner, s.info, s.options)
-  field.itemId = derivedFieldId(s.itemId)
+  field.itemId = ItemId(module: s.itemId.module, item: -s.itemId.item)
   let t = skipIntLit(s.typ, idgen)
   field.typ = t
   if s.kind in {skLet, skVar, skField, skForVar}:
@@ -290,7 +235,7 @@ proc addUniqueField*(obj: PType; s: PSym; cache: IdentCache; idgen: IdGenerator)
   if result == nil:
     var field = newSym(skField, getIdent(cache, s.name.s & $obj.n.len), idgen,
                        s.owner, s.info, s.options)
-    field.itemId = derivedFieldId(s.itemId)
+    field.itemId = ItemId(module: s.itemId.module, item: -s.itemId.item)
     let t = skipIntLit(s.typ, idgen)
     field.typ = t
     assert t.kind != tyTyped
@@ -361,16 +306,6 @@ proc getFieldFromObj*(t: PType; v: PSym): PSym =
     assert t.kind == tyObject
     result = lookupInRecord(t.n, v.itemId)
     if result != nil: break
-    # A LOADED (Sealed) env object carries fields baked by the producer process;
-    # re-lifting a NIF-loaded routine in a consumer (e.g. a macro VM-evaluating an
-    # imported `p2pProtocolBackendImpl`) re-captures the same local under a
-    # divergent process-local id, so the derived-itemId match misses. Fall back to
-    # the name+position identity `addField` uses — SYMMETRIC with `addField`'s
-    # Sealed by-name reuse — so the access resolves the field `addField` produced
-    # instead of failing with `not part of closure object type`.
-    if t.state == Sealed:
-      result = lookupCapturedField(t.n, v)
-      if result != nil: break
     t = t.baseClass
     if t == nil: break
     t = t.skipTypes(skipPtrs)

compiler/magicsys.nim

@@ -10,8 +10,8 @@
 # Built-in types and compilerprocs are registered here.
 
 import
-  ast, msgs, platform, idents,
-  modulegraphs, lineinfos, types
+  ast, astalgo, msgs, platform, idents,
+  modulegraphs, lineinfos
 
 export createMagic
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ proc getNimScriptSymbol*(g: ModuleGraph; name: string): PSym =
 proc resetNimScriptSymbols*(g: ModuleGraph) = g.exposed = initStrTable()
 
 proc getMagicEqSymForType*(g: ModuleGraph; t: PType; info: TLineInfo): PSym =
-  case t.skipTypes(abstractRange).kind
+  case t.kind
   of tyInt,  tyInt8, tyInt16, tyInt32, tyInt64,
      tyUInt, tyUInt8, tyUInt16, tyUInt32, tyUInt64:
     result = getSysMagic(g, info, "==", mEqI)
@@ -166,4 +166,4 @@ proc makeAddr*(n: PNode; idgen: IdGenerator): PNode =
     result = n
   else:
     result = newTree(nkHiddenAddr, n)
-    result.typ = makePtrType(n.typ.skipTypes({tySink}), idgen)
+    result.typ = makePtrType(n.typ, idgen)

compiler/main.nim

@@ -26,15 +26,11 @@ import
 when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
   import std/[syncio, assertions]
 
+import ic / [cbackend, integrity, navigator, ic]
+
 import ../dist/checksums/src/checksums/sha1
 
 import pipelines
-from icconfig import produceIcConfig
-
-when not defined(nimKochBootstrap):
-  import nifbackend
-  import deps
-  import idetools
 
 when not defined(leanCompiler):
   import docgen
@@ -99,6 +95,14 @@ proc commandCheck(graph: ModuleGraph) =
   setPipeLinePass(graph, SemPass)
   compilePipelineProject(graph)
 
+  if conf.symbolFiles != disabledSf:
+    case conf.ideCmd
+    of ideDef: navDefinition(graph)
+    of ideUse: navUsages(graph)
+    of ideDus: navDefusages(graph)
+    else: discard
+    writeRodFiles(graph)
+
 when not defined(leanCompiler):
   proc commandDoc2(graph: ModuleGraph; ext: string) =
     handleDocOutputOptions graph.config
@@ -113,38 +117,6 @@ when not defined(leanCompiler):
     else: raiseAssert $ext
     compilePipelineProject(graph)
 
-proc commandCompileToNif(graph: ModuleGraph) =
-  let conf = graph.config
-  extccomp.initVars(conf)
-  if conf.symbolFiles == disabledSf:
-    if {optRun, optForceFullMake} * conf.globalOptions == {optRun} or isDefined(conf, "nimBetterRun"):
-      if not changeDetectedViaJsonBuildInstructions(conf, conf.jsonBuildInstructionsFile):
-        # nothing changed
-        graph.config.notes = graph.config.mainPackageNotes
-        return
-
-  if not extccomp.ccHasSaneOverflow(conf):
-    conf.symbols.defineSymbol("nimEmulateOverflowChecks")
-
-  setPipeLinePass(graph, NifgenPass)
-  compilePipelineProject(graph)
-
-proc commandNifC(graph: ModuleGraph) =
-  ## Generate C code from precompiled NIF files.
-  ## This is the new IC approach: compile modules to NIF first with `nim m`,
-  ## then generate C code from the entry.nif file with whole-program DCE.
-  when not defined(nimKochBootstrap):
-    let conf = graph.config
-    extccomp.initVars(conf)
-
-    if not extccomp.ccHasSaneOverflow(conf):
-      conf.symbols.defineSymbol("nimEmulateOverflowChecks")
-
-    # Use the NIF backend to generate C code
-    nifbackend.generateCode(graph, conf.projectMainIdx)
-  else:
-    rawMessage(graph.config, errGenerated, "NIF backend not available during bootstrap build")
-
 proc commandCompileToC(graph: ModuleGraph) =
   let conf = graph.config
   extccomp.initVars(conf)
@@ -165,7 +137,15 @@ proc commandCompileToC(graph: ModuleGraph) =
   compilePipelineProject(graph)
   if graph.config.errorCounter > 0:
     return # issue #9933
-  cgenWriteModules(graph.backend, conf)
+  if conf.symbolFiles == disabledSf:
+    cgenWriteModules(graph.backend, conf)
+  else:
+    if isDefined(conf, "nimIcIntegrityChecks"):
+      checkIntegrity(graph)
+    generateCode(graph)
+    # graph.backend can be nil under IC when nothing changed at all:
+    if graph.backend != nil:
+      cgenWriteModules(graph.backend, conf)
   if conf.cmd != cmdTcc and graph.backend != nil:
     extccomp.callCCompiler(conf)
     # for now we do not support writing out a .json file with the build instructions when HCR is on
@@ -204,7 +184,7 @@ proc commandInteractive(graph: ModuleGraph) =
     discard graph.compilePipelineModule(fileInfoIdx(graph.config, graph.config.projectFull), {})
   else:
     var m = graph.makeStdinModule()
-    incl(m, sfMainModule)
+    incl(m.flags, sfMainModule)
     var idgen = IdGenerator(module: m.itemId.module, symId: m.itemId.item, typeId: 0)
     let s = llStreamOpenStdIn(onPrompt = proc() = flushDot(graph.config))
     discard processPipelineModule(graph, m, idgen, s)
@@ -225,6 +205,10 @@ proc commandScan(cache: IdentCache, config: ConfigRef) =
   else:
     rawMessage(config, errGenerated, "cannot open file: " & f.string)
 
+proc commandView(graph: ModuleGraph) =
+  let f = toAbsolute(mainCommandArg(graph.config), AbsoluteDir getCurrentDir()).addFileExt(RodExt)
+  rodViewer(f, graph.config, graph.cache)
+
 const
   PrintRopeCacheStats = false
 
@@ -273,7 +257,7 @@ proc mainCommand*(graph: ModuleGraph) =
       if conf.exc == excNone: conf.exc = excSetjmp
     of backendCpp:
       if conf.exc == excNone: conf.exc = excCpp
-    of backendObjc, backendNif: discard
+    of backendObjc: discard
     of backendJs:
       if conf.hcrOn:
         # XXX: At the moment, system.nim cannot be compiled in JS mode
@@ -291,7 +275,6 @@ proc mainCommand*(graph: ModuleGraph) =
     of backendCpp: commandCompileToC(graph)
     of backendObjc: commandCompileToC(graph)
     of backendJs: commandCompileToJS(graph)
-    of backendNif: commandCompileToNif(graph)
     of backendInvalid: raiseAssert "unreachable"
 
   template docLikeCmd(body) =
@@ -322,6 +305,8 @@ proc mainCommand*(graph: ModuleGraph) =
   case conf.cmd
   of cmdBackends:
     compileToBackend()
+    when BenchIC:
+      echoTimes graph.packed
   of cmdTcc:
     when hasTinyCBackend:
       extccomp.setCC(conf, "tcc", unknownLineInfo)
@@ -417,55 +402,17 @@ proc mainCommand*(graph: ModuleGraph) =
       for it in conf.searchPaths: msgWriteln(conf, it.string)
   of cmdCheck:
     commandCheck(graph)
-  of cmdTrack:
-    # `nim track --def:/--usages:/--track:` — IDE goto-definition / find-usages.
-    # Runs `nim ic`'s incremental frontend (nifler + per-module `nim m`, so only
-    # changed modules recompile and each writes a faithful, VM-executed `.s.bif`
-    # — covering stdlib too), then scans those NIF files (idetools.runIdeQuery).
-    # Shares the `nim ic` nimcache dir, so a prior `nim ic` build is reused.
-    setUseIc(true)
-    wantMainModule(conf)
-    setOutFile(conf)
-    when not defined(nimKochBootstrap):
-      commandIc(conf, frontendOnly = true)
-      runIdeQuery(conf)
-    else:
-      rawMessage(conf, errGenerated, "nim track not available in bootstrap build")
   of cmdM:
-    # cmdM uses NIF files, not ROD files
-    graph.config.symbolFiles = disabledSf
-    setUseIc(true)
-    # vtable dispatch needs a whole-program vtable layout, which the
-    # per-module compilation model cannot provide (yet); methods dispatch
-    # through the classic if-chain dispatchers instead
-    excl conf.features, Feature.vtables
+    graph.config.symbolFiles = v2Sf
+    setUseIc(graph.config.symbolFiles != disabledSf)
     commandCheck(graph)
-  of cmdNifC:
-    setUseIc(true)
-    excl conf.features, Feature.vtables
-    # Generate C code from NIF files
-    wantMainModule(conf)
-    setOutFile(conf)
-    commandNifC(graph)
-  of cmdIc:
-    # Generate .build.nif for nifmake
-    setUseIc(true)
-    wantMainModule(conf)
-    # Resolve the output binary path (honoring `--out`) up front, like cmdNifC:
-    # the backend build file derives the link target from `conf.absOutFile`.
-    setOutFile(conf)
-    when not defined(nimKochBootstrap):
-      commandIc(conf)
-    else:
-      rawMessage(conf, errGenerated, "nim deps not available in bootstrap build")
-  of cmdIcConfig:
-    # Produce the precompiled config artifact for `nim ic` (config already
-    # parsed by the normal pipeline); a separate process spawned by the driver.
-    wantMainModule(conf)
-    produceIcConfig(conf)
   of cmdParse:
     wantMainModule(conf)
     discard parseFile(conf.projectMainIdx, cache, conf)
+  of cmdRod:
+    wantMainModule(conf)
+    commandView(graph)
+    #msgWriteln(conf, "Beware: Indentation tokens depend on the parser's state!")
   of cmdInteractive: commandInteractive(graph)
   of cmdNimscript:
     if conf.projectIsCmd or conf.projectIsStdin: discard
@@ -476,17 +423,10 @@ proc mainCommand*(graph: ModuleGraph) =
   of cmdJsonscript:
     setOutFile(graph.config)
     commandJsonScript(graph)
-  of cmdUnknown, cmdNone:
+  of cmdUnknown, cmdNone, cmdIdeTools:
     rawMessage(conf, errGenerated, "invalid command: " & conf.command)
 
-  if conf.errorCounter == 0 and conf.cmd notin {cmdTcc, cmdDump, cmdNop, cmdM} and
-      not (conf.cmd == cmdNifC and conf.icBackendStage.len > 0):
-    # The IC build runs hundreds of internal per-module child processes — the
-    # frontend `nim m` (cmdM) and the per-module backend stages (cg/emit/merge/
-    # link). Each would print a `[SuccessX]` summary that is pure noise (and
-    # misleading: `out: unknownOutput`, or `out: <the whole compiler>` for a
-    # step that only wrote one `.c.nif`/`.c`). The driving `nim ic` (and koch)
-    # reports the real result.
+  if conf.errorCounter == 0 and conf.cmd notin {cmdTcc, cmdDump, cmdNop}:
     if optProfileVM in conf.globalOptions:
       echo conf.dump(conf.vmProfileData)
     genSuccessX(conf)

compiler/mangleutils.nim

@@ -53,39 +53,7 @@ proc mangleParamExt*(s: PSym): string =
   result.addInt s.position
 
 proc mangleProcNameExt*(graph: ModuleGraph, s: PSym): string =
-  # The disambiguator comes first and the module suffix LAST, so the suffix is
-  # a strippable trailing token: content-addressed cross-module merging chops
-  # everything from the final `__` to recover a mint-site-independent name.
-  if s.itemId.isBackendMinted:
-    # A symbol minted during IC codegen (`idGeneratorForBackend`): its idgen
-    # starts with an EMPTY per-name disamb table, so its `disamb` restarts at 0
-    # and collides with same-named sem-time symbols loaded from NIFs (two
-    # `=destroy` hooks both mangling to `_u2` → "conflicting types for ..." in
-    # the generated C). Most such symbols never cross a process boundary (nifc
-    # lifts, emits and compiles them in one run), so the per-module-unique
-    # item id is a safe and deterministic discriminator; the `_c` marker keeps
-    # the namespace disjoint from `_u<disamb>`.
-    result = "_c"
-    if (s.disamb and HookDisambBit) != 0'i32:
-      # EXCEPTION: a backend-minted sym whose `disamb` is content-derived
-      # (setHookDisamb gave it HookDisambBit) — e.g. the `rttiDestroy` wrapper —
-      # DOES cross process boundaries: its C name is baked into the type's RTTI
-      # table, which is emit-everywhere and merge-deduped, so one process's
-      # `_c<item>` (a per-process backend counter) ends up referenced while the
-      # wrapper is defined with another's → undefined at link (`rttiDestroy_c23`).
-      # The content-derived disamb is stable across processes; use it.
-      result.addInt s.disamb
-    else:
-      result.addInt s.itemId.item
-  else:
-    result = "_u"
-    # Use `disamb` rather than `itemId.item`: under incremental compilation a
-    # symbol loaded from a NIF file gets a fresh, load-order-dependent `itemId.item`
-    # (from the per-module symbol counter), which is neither stable across the
-    # processes that compile vs. use a module nor guaranteed distinct from another
-    # loaded symbol's. `disamb` is assigned deterministically per (module, name)
-    # and, together with the already-prepended mangled name, yields a unique and
-    # stable C identifier.
-    result.addInt s.disamb
-  result.add "__"
+  result = "__"
   result.add graph.ifaces[s.itemId.module].uniqueName
+  result.add "_u"
+  result.addInt s.itemId.item # s.disamb #

compiler/modulepaths.nim

@@ -79,10 +79,6 @@ proc checkModuleName*(conf: ConfigRef; n: PNode; doLocalError=true): FileIndex =
   else:
     result = fileInfoIdx(conf, fullPath)
 
-type
-  SelectedBase = enum
-    FromProject, FromSearchPath, FromNimblePath
-
 proc mangleModuleName*(conf: ConfigRef; path: AbsoluteFile): string =
   ## Mangle a relative module path to avoid path and symbol collisions.
   ##
@@ -91,29 +87,9 @@ proc mangleModuleName*(conf: ConfigRef; path: AbsoluteFile): string =
   ##
   ## Example:
   ## `foo-#head/../bar` becomes `@foo-@hhead@s..@sbar`
-  var best = relativeTo(path, conf.projectPath).string
-  var selectedBase = FromProject
-  for x in conf.searchPaths:
-    let other = relativeTo(path, x).string
-    if other.len < best.len:
-      best = other
-      selectedBase = FromSearchPath
-  for x in conf.nimblePaths:
-    let other = relativeTo(path, x).string
-    if other.len < best.len:
-      best = other
-      selectedBase = FromNimblePath
-  let prefix =
-    case selectedBase
-    of FromProject: "@m"
-    of FromSearchPath: "@p"
-    of FromNimblePath: "@n"
-
-  # Note: We encode ".." specially as "@d" to avoid issues with changeFileExt
-  # which would misinterpret ".." as "name.ext" and strip the second part.
-  prefix & best.multiReplace(
-    {"..": "@d", $os.DirSep: "@s", $os.AltSep: "@s", "#": "@h", "@": "@@", ":": "@c"})
+  "@m" & relativeTo(path, conf.projectPath).string.multiReplace(
+    {$os.DirSep: "@s", $os.AltSep: "@s", "#": "@h", "@": "@@", ":": "@c"})
 
 proc demangleModuleName*(path: string): string =
   ## Demangle a relative module path.
-  result = path.multiReplace({"@@": "@", "@d": "..", "@h": "#", "@s": "/", "@m": "", "@p": "", "@n": "", "@c": ":"})
+  result = path.multiReplace({"@@": "@", "@h": "#", "@s": "/", "@m": "", "@c": ":"})

compiler/modules.nim

@@ -25,16 +25,16 @@ template getModuleIdent(graph: ModuleGraph, filename: AbsoluteFile): PIdent =
 
 proc partialInitModule*(result: PSym; graph: ModuleGraph; fileIdx: FileIndex; filename: AbsoluteFile) =
   let packSym = getPackage(graph, fileIdx)
-  setOwner(result, packSym)
+  result.owner = packSym
   result.position = int fileIdx
 
 proc newModule*(graph: ModuleGraph; fileIdx: FileIndex): PSym =
   let filename = AbsoluteFile toFullPath(graph.config, fileIdx)
   # We cannot call ``newSym`` here, because we have to circumvent the ID
   # mechanism, which we do in order to assign each module a persistent ID.
-  result = PSym(kindImpl: skModule, itemId: itemId(int32(fileIdx), 0'i32),
+  result = PSym(kind: skModule, itemId: ItemId(module: int32(fileIdx), item: 0'i32),
                 name: getModuleIdent(graph, filename),
-                infoImpl: newLineInfo(fileIdx, 1, 1))
+                info: newLineInfo(fileIdx, 1, 1))
   if not isNimIdentifier(result.name.s):
     rawMessage(graph.config, errGenerated, "invalid module name: '" & result.name.s &
               "'; a module name must be a valid Nim identifier.")

compiler/msgs.nim

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ proc toLowerAscii(a: var string) {.inline.} =
 
 proc flushDot*(conf: ConfigRef) =
   ## safe to call multiple times
+  # xxx one edge case not yet handled is when `printf` is called at CT with `compiletimeFFI`.
   let stdOrr = if optStdout in conf.globalOptions: stdout else: stderr
   let stdOrrKind = toStdOrrKind(stdOrr)
   if stdOrrKind in conf.lastMsgWasDot:
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ proc makeCString*(s: string): Rope =
   result = newStringOfCap(int(s.len.toFloat * 1.1) + 1)
   result.add("\"")
   for i in 0..<s.len:
-    # line wrapping of string literals in cgen'd code was a bad idea, e.g. causes: bug #16265
+    # line wrapping of string litterals in cgen'd code was a bad idea, e.g. causes: bug #16265
     # It also makes reading c sources or grepping harder, for zero benefit.
     # const MaxLineLength = 64
     # if (i + 1) mod MaxLineLength == 0:
@@ -59,12 +60,12 @@ proc makeCString*(s: string): Rope =
     toCChar(s[i], result)
   result.add('\"')
 
-proc newFileInfo(fullPath: AbsoluteFile, projPath: RelativeFile; kind = fikSource): TFileInfo =
+proc newFileInfo(fullPath: AbsoluteFile, projPath: RelativeFile): TFileInfo =
   result = TFileInfo(fullPath: fullPath, projPath: projPath,
                     shortName: fullPath.extractFilename,
                     quotedFullName: fullPath.string.makeCString,
-                    lines: @[],
-                    kind: kind)
+                    lines: @[]
+  )
   result.quotedName = result.shortName.makeCString
   when defined(nimpretty):
     if not result.fullPath.isEmpty:
@@ -125,42 +126,12 @@ proc fileInfoIdx*(conf: ConfigRef; filename: AbsoluteFile): FileIndex =
   var dummy: bool = false
   result = fileInfoIdx(conf, filename, dummy)
 
-proc expandOrPseudo(filename: string): AbsoluteFile =
-  # `expandFilename` raises OSError when the path does not exist on disk. That is
-  # fine for a real source path, but a macro can legitimately set a node's
-  # line-info file to a name that has no file behind it — e.g. the `???` sentinel
-  # produced by `toFilename` for a NIF-loaded node whose `fileIndex` is unknown
-  # (FileIndex(-1)). Falling back to the raw name lets the `AbsoluteFile` overload
-  # register it as a pseudo-path (like `command line`/`stdin`) instead of crashing
-  # the whole `nim m` child with an unhandled OSError.
-  try:
-    result = AbsoluteFile expandFilename(filename)
-  except OSError:
-    result = AbsoluteFile filename
-
 proc fileInfoIdx*(conf: ConfigRef; filename: RelativeFile; isKnownFile: var bool): FileIndex =
-  fileInfoIdx(conf, expandOrPseudo(filename.string), isKnownFile)
+  fileInfoIdx(conf, AbsoluteFile expandFilename(filename.string), isKnownFile)
 
 proc fileInfoIdx*(conf: ConfigRef; filename: RelativeFile): FileIndex =
   var dummy: bool = false
-  fileInfoIdx(conf, expandOrPseudo(filename.string), dummy)
-
-proc registerNifSuffix*(conf: ConfigRef; suffix: string; isKnownFile: var bool): FileIndex =
-  result = conf.m.filenameToIndexTbl.getOrDefault(suffix, InvalidFileIdx)
-  if result == InvalidFileIdx:
-    isKnownFile = false
-    result = conf.m.fileInfos.len.FileIndex
-    conf.m.fileInfos.add(newFileInfo(AbsoluteFile suffix, RelativeFile suffix, fikNifModule))
-    conf.m.filenameToIndexTbl[suffix] = result
-  else:
-    isKnownFile = true
-
-proc fileInfoKind*(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex): FileInfoKind =
-  ## Returns the kind of a FileIndex (source file or NIF module suffix).
-  if fileIdx.int >= 0 and fileIdx.int < conf.m.fileInfos.len:
-    result = conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int].kind
-  else:
-    result = fikSource  # Default to source for unknown indices
+  fileInfoIdx(conf, AbsoluteFile expandFilename(filename.string), dummy)
 
 proc newLineInfo*(fileInfoIdx: FileIndex, line, col: int): TLineInfo =
   result = TLineInfo(fileIndex: fileInfoIdx)
@@ -253,7 +224,7 @@ proc setDirtyFile*(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex; filename: AbsoluteFile)
 
 proc setHash*(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex; hash: string) =
   assert fileIdx.int32 >= 0
-  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc) or defined(gcYrc):
+  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc):
     conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int32].hash = hash
   else:
     shallowCopy(conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int32].hash, hash)
@@ -261,7 +232,7 @@ proc setHash*(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex; hash: string) =
 
 proc getHash*(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex): string =
   assert fileIdx.int32 >= 0
-  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc) or defined(gcYrc):
+  when defined(gcArc) or defined(gcOrc) or defined(gcAtomicArc):
     result = conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int32].hash
   else:
     shallowCopy(result, conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int32].hash)
@@ -351,7 +322,7 @@ proc msgWriteln*(conf: ConfigRef; s: string, flags: MsgFlags = {}) =
 
   ## This is used for 'nim dump' etc. where we don't have nimsuggest
   ## support.
-  #if conf.ideActive and optCDebug notin gGlobalOptions: return
+  #if conf.cmd == cmdIdeTools and optCDebug notin gGlobalOptions: return
   let sep = if msgNoUnitSep notin flags: conf.unitSep else: ""
   if not isNil(conf.writelnHook) and msgSkipHook notin flags:
     conf.writelnHook(s & sep)
@@ -457,8 +428,8 @@ To create a stacktrace, rerun compilation with './koch temp $1 <file>', see $2 f
 
 proc handleError(conf: ConfigRef; msg: TMsgKind, eh: TErrorHandling, s: string, ignoreMsg: bool) =
   if msg in fatalMsgs:
-    if conf.ideActive: log(s)
-    if not conf.ideActive or msg != errFatal:
+    if conf.cmd == cmdIdeTools: log(s)
+    if conf.cmd != cmdIdeTools or msg != errFatal:
       quit(conf, msg)
   if msg >= errMin and msg <= errMax or
       (msg in warnMin..hintMax and msg in conf.warningAsErrors and not ignoreMsg):
@@ -472,7 +443,7 @@ proc handleError(conf: ConfigRef; msg: TMsgKind, eh: TErrorHandling, s: string,
           raiseRecoverableError(s)
         else:
           quit(conf, msg)
-    elif eh == doAbort and not conf.ideActive:
+    elif eh == doAbort and conf.cmd != cmdIdeTools:
       quit(conf, msg)
     elif eh == doRaise:
       raiseRecoverableError(s)
@@ -503,7 +474,7 @@ proc writeContext(conf: ConfigRef; lastinfo: TLineInfo) =
     info = context.info
 
 proc ignoreMsgBecauseOfIdeTools(conf: ConfigRef; msg: TMsgKind): bool =
-  msg >= errGenerated and conf.ideActive and optIdeDebug notin conf.globalOptions
+  msg >= errGenerated and conf.cmd == cmdIdeTools and optIdeDebug notin conf.globalOptions
 
 proc addSourceLine(conf: ConfigRef; fileIdx: FileIndex, line: string) =
   conf.m.fileInfos[fileIdx.int32].lines.add line
@@ -524,9 +495,6 @@ proc sourceLine*(conf: ConfigRef; i: TLineInfo): string =
   ## 1-based index (matches editor line numbers); 1st line is for i.line = 1
   ## last valid line is `numLines` inclusive
   if i.fileIndex.int32 < 0: return ""
-  # line 0 means "unknown": nodes synthesized from an IC-loaded template or
-  # macro body carry no source position.
-  if i.line.int < 1: return ""
   let num = numLines(conf, i.fileIndex)
   # can happen if the error points to EOF:
   if i.line.int > num: return ""
@@ -661,7 +629,7 @@ proc warningDeprecated*(conf: ConfigRef, info: TLineInfo = gCmdLineInfo, msg = "
   message(conf, info, warnDeprecated, msg)
 
 proc internalErrorImpl(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo, errMsg: string, info2: InstantiationInfo) =
-  if (conf.ideActive or conf.cmd == cmdCheck) and conf.structuredErrorHook.isNil: return
+  if conf.cmd in {cmdIdeTools, cmdCheck} and conf.structuredErrorHook.isNil: return
   writeContext(conf, info)
   liMessage(conf, info, errInternal, errMsg, doAbort, info2)
 
@@ -680,9 +648,7 @@ template internalAssert*(conf: ConfigRef, e: bool) =
 
 template lintReport*(conf: ConfigRef; info: TLineInfo, beau, got: string, extraMsg = "") =
   let m = "'$1' should be: '$2'$3" % [got, beau, extraMsg]
-  let msg = if optStyleError in conf.globalOptions: errGenerated
-            elif optStyleWarning in conf.globalOptions: warnUser
-            else: hintName
+  let msg = if optStyleError in conf.globalOptions: errGenerated else: hintName
   liMessage(conf, info, msg, m, doNothing, instLoc())
 
 proc quotedFilename*(conf: ConfigRef; fi: FileIndex): Rope =

compiler/ndi.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#
+#
+#           The Nim Compiler
+#        (c) Copyright 2017 Andreas Rumpf
+#
+#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
+#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
+#
+
+## This module implements the generation of ``.ndi`` files for better debugging
+## support of Nim code. "ndi" stands for "Nim debug info".
+
+import ast, msgs, ropes, options, pathutils
+
+when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
+  import std/[syncio, assertions]
+
+type
+  NdiFile* = object
+    enabled: bool
+    f: File
+    buf: string
+    filename: AbsoluteFile
+    syms: seq[PSym]
+
+proc doWrite(f: var NdiFile; s: PSym; conf: ConfigRef) =
+  f.buf.setLen 0
+  f.buf.addInt s.info.line.int
+  f.buf.add "\t"
+  f.buf.addInt s.info.col.int
+  f.f.write(s.name.s, "\t")
+  f.f.writeRope(s.loc.snippet)
+  f.f.writeLine("\t", toFullPath(conf, s.info), "\t", f.buf)
+
+template writeMangledName*(f: NdiFile; s: PSym; conf: ConfigRef) =
+  if f.enabled: f.syms.add s
+
+proc open*(f: var NdiFile; filename: AbsoluteFile; conf: ConfigRef) =
+  f.enabled = not filename.isEmpty
+  if f.enabled:
+    f.filename = filename
+    f.buf = newStringOfCap(20)
+
+proc close*(f: var NdiFile, conf: ConfigRef) =
+  if f.enabled:
+    f.f = open(f.filename.string, fmWrite, 8000)
+    doAssert f.f != nil, f.filename.string
+    for s in f.syms:
+      doWrite(f, s, conf)
+    close(f.f)
+    f.syms.reset
+    f.filename.reset

compiler/nifbackend.nim

@@ -1,884 +0,0 @@
-#
-#
-#           The Nim Compiler
-#        (c) Copyright 2025 Andreas Rumpf
-#
-#    See the file "copying.txt", included in this
-#    distribution, for details about the copyright.
-#
-
-## NIF-based C/C++ code generator backend.
-##
-## This module implements C code generation from precompiled NIF files.
-## It traverses the module dependency graph starting from the main module
-## and generates C code for all reachable modules.
-##
-## Usage:
-##   1. Compile modules to NIF: nim m mymodule.nim
-##   2. Generate C from NIF: nim nifc myproject.nim
-
-import std/[intsets, tables, sets, os, algorithm, syncio, times, strutils]
-
-when defined(nimPreviewSlimSystem):
-  import std/assertions
-
-import ast, options, lineinfos, modulegraphs, cgendata, cgen,
-  pathutils, extccomp, msgs, modulepaths, idents, types, ast2nif, typekeys,
-  cnif, icmodnames
-from cgmeth import generateIfMethodDispatchers
-from transf import transformBody
-from injectdestructors import injectDestructorCalls
-import ic / replayer
-
-proc systemNifSuffix(conf: ConfigRef): string =
-  ## The system module's NIF suffix, derived from `system.nim`'s path EXACTLY as
-  ## the frontend derives it (deps.nim's `toPair` on `libpath/system.nim`), so the
-  ## backend loads the very `.s.bif` the frontend wrote. It must NOT be a constant:
-  ## `moduleSuffix` (icmodnames) now hashes the absolute path, so the system suffix
-  ## is install-dependent (was hardcoded `sysma2dyk`, valid only for the old
-  ## relative-path scheme where `system.nim` always relativized to `system.nim`).
-  moduleSuffix((conf.libpath / RelativeFile"system.nim").string,
-               cast[seq[string]](conf.searchPaths))
-
-proc loadModuleDependencies(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex;
-                            nifFiles: var seq[string];
-                            depFlags: set[LoadFlag] = {LoadFullAst}): seq[PrecompiledModule] =
-  ## Traverse the module dependency graph using a stack.
-  ## Returns all modules that need code generation, in dependency order.
-  ##
-  ## The main module is always loaded with its full AST (it is the codegen
-  ## target). `depFlags` governs the rest: the whole-program backend needs every
-  ## module's full AST (it generates code for all of them), but a per-module
-  ## stage codegens only one target, so it loads the others interface-only
-  ## (`depFlags = {}`) — the interface, hooks, methods and the `(replay ...)`
-  ## directives are loaded regardless of `LoadFullAst`, and demanded bodies are
-  ## fetched lazily from the kept-open stream, so the per-module proc-body ASTs
-  ## (the bulk of the memory) are never materialized for non-targets.
-  # The main module is loaded by its SOURCE FileIndex, but its serialized
-  # symbols carry the module's NIF suffix. Pre-alias the suffix to the source
-  # index so that `registerNifSuffix` does not allocate a second FileIndex for
-  # the same module, which would split its codegen across two C translation
-  # units (top-level globals in one, procs in the other → undeclared symbols).
-  g.config.m.filenameToIndexTbl[cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, mainFileIdx)] = mainFileIdx
-  let mainModule = moduleFromNifFile(g, mainFileIdx, {LoadFullAst})
-  nifFiles.add toNifFilename(g.config, mainFileIdx)
-
-  var stack: seq[ModuleSuffix] = @[]
-  result = @[]
-
-  if mainModule.module != nil:
-    incl mainModule.module.flagsImpl, sfMainModule
-    for dep in mainModule.deps:
-      stack.add dep
-
-  var visited = initHashSet[string]()
-
-  while stack.len > 0:
-    let suffix = stack.pop()
-
-    if not visited.containsOrIncl(suffix.string):
-      var isKnownFile = false
-      let fileIdx = g.config.registerNifSuffix(suffix.string, isKnownFile)
-      let precomp = moduleFromNifFile(g, fileIdx, depFlags)
-      if precomp.module != nil:
-        result.add precomp
-        nifFiles.add toNifFilename(g.config, fileIdx)
-        for dep in precomp.deps:
-          if not visited.contains(dep.string):
-            stack.add dep
-      else:
-        assert false, "Recompiling module is not implemented."
-
-  if mainModule.module != nil:
-    result.add mainModule
-
-proc setupNifBackendModule(g: ModuleGraph; module: PSym): BModule =
-  ## Set up a BModule for code generation from a NIF module.
-  if g.backend == nil:
-    g.backend = cgendata.newModuleList(g)
-  result = cgen.newModule(BModuleList(g.backend), module, g.config, idGeneratorForBackend(module))
-
-proc isMetaIter(t: PType, closure: RootRef): bool =
-  # openArray/varargs hooks are sem bookkeeping: no real flow ever demands
-  # them, and generating one pollutes the TU's type cache with a struct
-  # descriptor for what must remain a (ptr, len) parameter expansion
-  t.kind in tyMetaTypes + {tyTyped, tyUntyped, tyNone, tyVarargs, tyOpenArray}
-
-proc finishModule(g: ModuleGraph; bmod: BModule) =
-  # Finalize the module (this adds it to modulesClosed)
-  # Create an empty stmt list as the init body - genInitCode in writeModule will set it up properly
-  let initStmt = newNode(nkStmtList)
-  finalCodegenActions(g, bmod, initStmt)
-
-  # NB: the method dispatchers are emitted in `emitMethodDispatchers`,
-  # between the module loop and this finish loop: their bodies demand the
-  # method definitions, which can in turn demand definitions from modules
-  # the backend never loaded — and a TU demand-created during the LAST
-  # finishModule call would miss `modulesClosed` and never be written.
-
-proc emitMethodDispatchers(g: ModuleGraph) =
-  ## Synthesizes the method dispatcher bodies from the replayed dispatch
-  ## buckets (`registerLoadedMethod`) and emits their definitions into the
-  ## main TU. Main is regenerated on every run, so a dispatcher — whose
-  ## body enumerates the whole program's method set — can never go stale
-  ## inside a cached TU; cross-TU callers prototype it (see genProcLvl3).
-  let bl = BModuleList(g.backend)
-  var mainMod: BModule = nil
-  for m in bl.mods:
-    if m != nil and m.module != nil and sfMainModule in m.module.flags:
-      mainMod = m
-      break
-  if mainMod == nil: return
-  generateIfMethodDispatchers(g, mainMod.idgen)
-  for disp in getDispatchers(g):
-    if not containsOrIncl(mainMod.declaredThings, disp.id):
-      genProcLvl3(mainMod, disp)
-
-proc signatureHasMetaType(t: PType; depth: int = 0): bool =
-  ## Whether a routine signature mentions a compile-time/meta element type
-  ## (`typed`/`untyped` — e.g. `echo`'s `varargs[typed]` — typedesc, static,
-  ## generic param). Such routines are expanded at their call sites and never
-  ## emitted standalone, so the per-module owned-routine seeding must skip them
-  ## (`getTypeDescAux(tyTyped)` otherwise). `tfHasMeta` alone misses the varargs
-  ## element case, hence the explicit scan.
-  result = false
-  if t == nil or depth > 8: return false
-  if t.kind == tyGenericBody:
-    # The uninstantiated template carried as a `tyGenericInst`'s first child
-    # always mentions its `tyGenericParam` placeholders, but the instance
-    # itself is fully concrete (e.g. `var CountTable[SigHash]`). Descending
-    # here would wrongly flag every routine with a generic-instance parameter
-    # as meta and drop it from the owned-routine seeding -> undefined symbols
-    # at link (its only definer never emits it).
-    return false
-  if t.kind == tyStatic:
-    # A RESOLVED static value (the `256` in `MDigest[256]`, the `N` in
-    # `HashList[T, N]`, …) is carried as a `tyStatic` node inside the otherwise
-    # fully-concrete `tyGenericInst`, but it is NOT meta: the routine is a normal
-    # runtime routine the owner must emit. Only an UNRESOLVED `static T` parameter
-    # (no bound value, `t.n == nil`) is meta. Without this, every routine whose
-    # signature touches a `static`-parameterized generic instance (the bulk of
-    # the SSZ/`MDigest` API) is dropped from the owned-routine seeding and ends up
-    # an undefined reference at link (mirrors the tyGenericBody case above).
-    return t.n == nil
-  if t.kind in {tyTyped, tyUntyped, tyTypeDesc, tyGenericParam,
-                tyAnything, tyFromExpr, tyError}:
-    return true
-  for k in t.kids:
-    if signatureHasMetaType(k, depth + 1): return true
-
-proc ownsRuntimeRoutine(s: PSym; modPos: int): bool =
-  ## A concrete, non-generic, runtime routine with a real body, OWNED by the
-  ## module at `modPos`. Shared by the `cg` stage's owned-routine seeding (so a
-  ## routine called only from other modules is still emitted by somebody) and
-  ## the `lower` stage's owned-routine enumeration, so both stages see exactly
-  ## the same set. The exclusions:
-  ## - nested/closure procs (owner is a proc, not a module): emitted via their
-  ##   enclosing routine's lambda-lifting, never standalone;
-  ## - generic instances (`sfFromGeneric`): emitted by demand, deduped by merge;
-  ## - `importc`/`compileTime`/`error`/forward sentinels and meta signatures:
-  ##   not real codegen targets.
-  ## - method DISPATCHERS (`sfDispatcher`): their bodies are (re)synthesized into
-  ##   the main TU by `emitMethodDispatchers`/`generateIfMethodDispatchers`, never
-  ##   per module. A dispatcher is a `copySym` clone of the method that shares the
-  ##   method's body sub-tree (incl. its closure iterator); transforming it here
-  ##   would lambda-lift that SHARED iterator a SECOND time under a different owner
-  ##   identity, baking a conflicting `up` field → "up references do not agree"
-  ##   (the divergence is impossible in non-IC, where the dispatcher body is empty
-  ##   at lift time). So a dispatcher is never an owned runtime routine.
-  ## A `{.closure.}` iterator IS a standalone runtime routine (unlike an inline
-  ## iterator, which is expanded at each call site) and must be emitted by its
-  ## owner — else a cross-module `for` over it links to nothing.
-  ##
-  ## Generic INSTANCES (`sfFromGeneric`) are NEVER an owned runtime routine — not
-  ## in `cg` and not in the `lower` stage. They are demanded by the backend's
-  ## emit-everywhere path and deduped by `merge` (content C name); the frontend
-  ## materialises them through the `(offer)` mechanism. The `lower` stage must
-  ## not transform an instance: a not-fully-concrete instance (a closure factory
-  ## over a `static` param, or a `$`/`=` op instance whose body resolves only at
-  ## its further-specialised use sites) still carries unresolved overload choices
-  ## and crashes `transformBody` (empty-`namePos` lambda, nil-typed const-fold).
-  s.itemId.module == modPos and
-  (s.kind in {skProc, skFunc, skConverter, skMethod} or
-   (s.kind == skIterator and s.typ != nil and s.typ.callConv == ccClosure)) and
-  s.skipGenericOwner != nil and s.skipGenericOwner.kind == skModule and
-  s.magic == mNone and
-  sfFromGeneric notin s.flags and
-  sfDispatcher notin s.flags and
-  {sfForward, sfImportc, sfCompileTime, sfError} * s.flags == {} and
-  s.typ != nil and not signatureHasMetaType(s.typ) and
-  s.ast != nil and s.ast.safeLen > bodyPos and
-  s.ast[genericParamsPos].kind == nkEmpty
-  # NOTE: an `nkEmpty` body is NOT a disqualifier. A concrete, owned, non-
-  # forward/-importc/-magic routine whose body folds to nothing is still a real
-  # definition the owner must emit (`void f(void){}`), exactly as whole-program
-  # cgen does — else a cross-module caller links to nothing. This bites e.g.
-  # Nimbus' `extras.incInternalErrors`, a plain `proc` whose sole statement is a
-  # metrics-counter `.inc()` that the `metrics` library expands to a no-op when
-  # the importing tool (ncli) builds with `-u:metrics`; the body is then a bare
-  # `nkEmpty`, but `state_transition_epoch` still calls it. Forward declarations
-  # (the other empty-body case) carry `sfForward` and are excluded above.
-
-proc generateCodeForModule(g: ModuleGraph; precomp: PrecompiledModule) =
-  ## Generate C code for a single module.
-  let moduleId = precomp.module.position
-  var bmod = BModuleList(g.backend).mods[moduleId]
-  if bmod == nil:
-    bmod = setupNifBackendModule(g, precomp.module)
-
-  # Apply the module's recorded C compile/link directives (passl/passc/...)
-  # before generating code: the link step needs them (e.g. math's -lm).
-  replayBackendActions(g, precomp.module, precomp.topLevel)
-
-  # Generate code for the module's top-level statements
-  if precomp.topLevel != nil:
-    cgen.genTopLevelStmt(bmod, precomp.topLevel)
-
-  # Per-module backend: emit the bodies of the routines this module OWNS, not
-  # only the ones its top-level happens to demand. Procs are serialized as lazy
-  # `(sd ...)` defs (never as `nkProcDef` statements), so `genTopLevelStmt` never
-  # reaches them; a routine called only from *other* modules would otherwise be
-  # emitted by nobody, because every module now merely prototypes its foreign
-  # callees instead of funnelling their bodies (see `cgen.emitsBodyInThisModule`).
-  # The merge stage's DCE drops whatever turns out globally dead.
-  if g.config.cmd == cmdNifC and g.config.icBackendStage == "cg":
-    let modPos = precomp.module.position
-    for s in moduleSymbolStubs(ast.program, FileIndex modPos):
-      if ownsRuntimeRoutine(s, modPos):
-        requestProcDef(bmod, s)
-
-proc loadBackendModules(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex):
-    tuple[modules: seq[PrecompiledModule], precompSys: PrecompiledModule,
-          nifFiles: seq[string]] =
-  ## Shared by the per-module `cg` and `emit` stages: load system + the main
-  ## module's whole import closure and set up a `BModule` for each, so every
-  ## type/symbol resolves and `getCFile` yields the same path both stages use.
-  ## The main module is loaded by its source index (its NIF suffix is aliased to
-  ## it in `loadModuleDependencies`), so it gets exactly one `BModule`.
-  ##
-  ## Only the main module — the codegen target of the stages that use this — is
-  ## loaded with its full AST; every other module is loaded interface-only so
-  ## the whole program's proc bodies are not materialized into this process (that
-  ## was ~1.8 GB for the compiler's main `cg`). The `link` stage codegens nothing
-  ## and only needs each module's `(replay ...)` directives, which load anyway.
-  resetForBackend(g)
-  var isKnownFile = false
-  let systemFileIdx = registerNifSuffix(g.config, systemNifSuffix(g.config), isKnownFile)
-  g.config.m.systemFileIdx = systemFileIdx
-  var precompSys = moduleFromNifFile(g, systemFileIdx, {AlwaysLoadInterface})
-  g.systemModule = precompSys.module
-  if precompSys.module != nil:
-    # The precompiled-load path does not restore `sfSystemModule` (mirror of the
-    # `sfMainModule` re-add above). `registerReusedModuleToMain` keys on it to put
-    # the system module's init right after its datInit AND to emit
-    # `initStackBottomWith` into `mainDatInit` — so that the main thread's stack
-    # bottom is set before any module's init runs. Without the flag the system
-    # init is mis-routed into the regular `otherModsInit` bucket and
-    # `initStackBottomWith` is never registered, so a GC cycle during a module's
-    # init (under refc) scans the stack with a nil bottom and crashes.
-    incl precompSys.module.flagsImpl, sfSystemModule
-  var nifFiles: seq[string] = @[toNifFilename(g.config, systemFileIdx)]
-  var modules = loadModuleDependencies(g, mainFileIdx, nifFiles, depFlags = {})
-  # loadModuleDependencies traverses the project's import closure and stops at
-  # system. The whole-program backend then demand-loads system's own closure
-  # (locks, allocators, threads, …) during codegen; the per-module backend
-  # instead makes every one of those a first-class cg/emit target, so load that
-  # closure here too — otherwise `findTargetModule` cannot resolve their suffix.
-  block:
-    var visited = initHashSet[string]()
-    visited.incl systemNifSuffix(g.config)
-    for m in modules:
-      visited.incl cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex m.module.position)
-    var stack: seq[ModuleSuffix] = @[]
-    if precompSys.module != nil:
-      for dep in precompSys.deps: stack.add dep
-    while stack.len > 0:
-      let suffix = stack.pop()
-      if not visited.containsOrIncl(suffix.string):
-        var isKnown = false
-        let fileIdx = registerNifSuffix(g.config, suffix.string, isKnown)
-        let precomp = moduleFromNifFile(g, fileIdx, {})
-        if precomp.module != nil:
-          modules.add precomp
-          nifFiles.add toNifFilename(g.config, fileIdx)
-          for dep in precomp.deps: stack.add dep
-  flushMethodReplays(g)
-  for m in modules:
-    discard setupNifBackendModule(g, m.module)
-  if precompSys.module != nil:
-    discard setupNifBackendModule(g, precompSys.module)
-  result = (modules, precompSys, nifFiles)
-
-proc loadDepClosure(g: ModuleGraph; targetSuffix: string):
-    tuple[modules: seq[PrecompiledModule], precompSys: PrecompiledModule,
-          target: PrecompiledModule] =
-  ## Per-module `cg`/`emit` for a NON-main target: load system + the target
-  ## module + the target's transitive import closure ONLY — not the whole
-  ## program. This is the "process the one file it is passed" model (à la
-  ## Nimony's `hexer c file.nif`): the foreign symbols the target's codegen
-  ## demands are loaded lazily by `ast2nif.moduleId`, which opens any referenced
-  ## module's NIF index on first touch, so a body in a not-loaded module still
-  ## resolves. The closure is loaded as full `BModule`s only so that the
-  ## incidental `g.mods[pos]` accesses during codegen resolve; system's own
-  ## internal closure (allocators, locks, …) is included because a target's
-  ## emit-everywhere codegen can demand those without importing them directly.
-  ##
-  ## The whole program is no longer loaded in this process, which is what bounds
-  ## per-process memory under nifmake's parallel fan-out (the main module's `cg`,
-  ## which still loads everything for NimMain's init list and the method
-  ## dispatchers, runs essentially alone since every other `.c.nif` precedes it).
-  resetForBackend(g)
-  var isKnownFile = false
-  let systemFileIdx = registerNifSuffix(g.config, systemNifSuffix(g.config), isKnownFile)
-  g.config.m.systemFileIdx = systemFileIdx
-  let precompSys = moduleFromNifFile(g, systemFileIdx, {AlwaysLoadInterface})
-  g.systemModule = precompSys.module
-
-  var modules: seq[PrecompiledModule] = @[]
-  var visited = initHashSet[string]()
-  visited.incl systemNifSuffix(g.config)
-
-  # Only the target is codegen'd, so only it needs its full AST; the closure is
-  # loaded interface-only (demanded bodies come lazily from the kept-open
-  # streams), which is what keeps a per-module process light under parallel fan-out.
-  var isKnown = false
-  let targetIdx = registerNifSuffix(g.config, targetSuffix, isKnown)
-  let target = moduleFromNifFile(g, targetIdx, {LoadFullAst})
-  visited.incl targetSuffix
-
-  var stack: seq[ModuleSuffix] = @[]
-  if target.module != nil:
-    modules.add target
-    for dep in target.deps: stack.add dep
-  if precompSys.module != nil:
-    for dep in precompSys.deps: stack.add dep
-  while stack.len > 0:
-    let suffix = stack.pop()
-    if not visited.containsOrIncl(suffix.string):
-      var isKnown2 = false
-      let fileIdx = registerNifSuffix(g.config, suffix.string, isKnown2)
-      let precomp = moduleFromNifFile(g, fileIdx, {})
-      if precomp.module != nil:
-        modules.add precomp
-        for dep in precomp.deps: stack.add dep
-  flushMethodReplays(g)
-  for m in modules:
-    discard setupNifBackendModule(g, m.module)
-  if precompSys.module != nil:
-    discard setupNifBackendModule(g, precompSys.module)
-  result = (modules, precompSys, target)
-
-proc findTargetModule(g: ModuleGraph; modules: seq[PrecompiledModule];
-                      precompSys: PrecompiledModule; suffix: string): PrecompiledModule =
-  ## The loaded module whose NIF suffix is `suffix` (the `--icBackendModule`
-  ## value), or a nil module if none matches.
-  result = PrecompiledModule(module: nil)
-  for m in modules:
-    if cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex m.module.position) == suffix:
-      return m
-  if precompSys.module != nil and
-      cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex precompSys.module.position) == suffix:
-    return precompSys
-
-proc setNestedClosureBodies(g: ModuleGraph; idgen: IdGenerator; n: PNode;
-                            owner: PSym; seen: var IntSet) =
-  ## A closure routine nested in `owner` (the `:anonymous` proc lambda-lifting
-  ## minted, plus any deeper nesting) gets its captured-var→env rewrite produced
-  ## as part of the OWNER's `transformBody`. The nested proc is a module-indexed
-  ## sym whose `.s.nif` sdef carries its PRE-lift body, so without help the whole
-  ## module re-serializer would write that pre-lift body and cg would lose the
-  ## capture mapping (it accesses `x` directly instead of `ClE_0->x0`). Walk the
-  ## owner's transformed body and cache each nested closure's transformed body on
-  ## its sym so `writeSymDef` serializes the lifted body into the routine's
-  ## 2-way-body slot.
-  if n == nil: return
-  if n.kind == nkSym:
-    let s = n.sym
-    if s != nil and s.kind in routineKinds and s != owner and
-        s.skipGenericOwner != nil and s.skipGenericOwner.kind != skModule and
-        not seen.containsOrIncl(s.id):
-      # Covers ALL nested routines, not only ccClosure ones. A NIMCALL nested proc
-      # the async transform mints (e.g. workNimAsyncContinue) already has its
-      # lifted body set by the OWNER's transformBody, but it is NOT in the owned
-      # loop (owner is a proc, not the module). Without injecting it HERE it is
-      # serialized transform-only; cg loads it (wasLoaded) and skips injection, so
-      # a closure-env store stays a raw field assign with no incref -> the env is
-      # freed before the async callback runs -> "yielded nil". `seen` (shared
-      # across the owned loop) injects each routine exactly once.
-      if s.ast != nil and getBody(g, s).kind != nkEmpty:
-        # Only ccClosure routines are safe to `transformBody` standalone here; a
-        # nimcall nested proc already has its lifted body from the owner's lift,
-        # and transforming an arbitrary nested routine with no cached body crashes
-        # (not in a standalone-transformable state).
-        let weTransformed = s.transformedBody == nil and
-                            s.typ != nil and s.typ.callConv == ccClosure
-        if weTransformed:
-          s.transformedBody = transformBody(g, idgen, s, {})
-        if s.transformedBody != nil:
-          # Inject destructors so cg loads a fully-lowered body and never rebuilds
-          # (mirrors non-IC, which injects every nested proc separately). The
-          # importer `n2` skField collision this used to trigger is fixed at the
-          # NIF-naming layer (toNifSymName gives derived env fields a unique
-          # disamb), so injecting ccClosure nested procs here is safe.
-          if sfInjectDestructors in s.flags:
-            s.transformedBody = injectDestructorCalls(g, idgen, s, s.transformedBody)
-          setNestedClosureBodies(g, idgen, s.transformedBody, s, seen)
-  else:
-    for i in 0 ..< n.safeLen:
-      setNestedClosureBodies(g, idgen, n[i], owner, seen)
-
-proc reownFromTwin(n: PNode; twin, s: PSym) =
-  ## Re-own to `s` every entity the frontend attributed to `s`'s forward-decl
-  ## `twin` (found via the result's owner). lambda-lifting compares owners by
-  ## reference, so a twin-owned `result` is rejected as `illegalCapture`
-  ## ("'result' ... cannot be captured") and, once that is fixed, twin-owned
-  ## locals go missing from `s`'s env ("environment misses: ..."). Both are
-  ## pervasive on chronos `{.async.}` methods. Re-owning to `s` matches the
-  ## single-sym non-IC case. `twin` is ONE specific sym, so only THIS routine's
-  ## result-twin-owned entities match — re-owning entities of OTHER same-name
-  ## twins proved too blunt (it disrupts env construction and reintroduces the
-  ## very capture errors it should fix). `n.sym != s` guards self-ownership.
-  if n == nil: return
-  if n.kind == nkSym and n.sym != nil and n.sym != s and n.sym.owner == twin:
-    setOwner(n.sym, s)
-  for i in 0 ..< n.safeLen:
-    reownFromTwin(n[i], twin, s)
-
-proc generateLowerStage(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex) =
-  ## Per-module backend lowering (`--icBackendStage:lower --icBackendModule:<suffix>`):
-  ## enumerate the routines this module OWNS and write them to `<module>.t.nif`.
-  ## Eventually this transforms each owned routine once, in the owner's id space,
-  ## so `cg` reads the result instead of re-deriving it (re-derivation per
-  ## parallel `cg` process is the root of the closure-`:env` identity drift).
-  ## Runs per module in parallel on the shallow backend dep-graph — NOT folded
-  ## into the dense, mostly-serial sem stage.
-  ##
-  ## gate `newSymNode`'s lazy-type marking to the backend (see astdef) — the
-  ## transform builds sym nodes off not-yet-typed stubs, exactly as the `cg`
-  ## stage does.
-  nifcBackendActive = true
-  let mainSuffix = cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, mainFileIdx)
-  let targetIsMain = g.config.icBackendModule.len == 0 or
-                     g.config.icBackendModule == mainSuffix
-  var modules: seq[PrecompiledModule]
-  var precompSys: PrecompiledModule
-  var target: PrecompiledModule
-  if targetIsMain:
-    var nifFiles: seq[string]
-    (modules, precompSys, nifFiles) = loadBackendModules(g, mainFileIdx)
-    if modules.len == 0:
-      rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-        "Cannot load NIF file for main module: " & toFullPath(g.config, mainFileIdx))
-      return
-    target = findTargetModule(g, modules, precompSys, g.config.icBackendModule)
-  else:
-    (modules, precompSys, target) = loadDepClosure(g, g.config.icBackendModule)
-  if target.module == nil:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module lowering: module not found for suffix: " & g.config.icBackendModule)
-    return
-  let modPos = target.module.position
-  let tb = BModuleList(g.backend).mods[modPos]
-  if tb == nil:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module lowering: no backend module for suffix: " & g.config.icBackendModule)
-    return
-  # Transform every owned routine ONCE in this single process's id space and
-  # re-serialize the ENTIRE module as a proper indexed NIF (`writeLoweredModule`)
-  # with the transformed bodies baked into the routine `(sd)` entries. `cg` loads
-  # it through the normal module loader, so nested procs (incl. async state
-  # machines) arrive as real defs with their lifted bodies — no re-derivation.
-  # This single-writer-per-owner is what keeps closure-`:env` identity stable
-  # across the parallel `cg` processes (re-derivation per process was the root of
-  # the `:env` identity drift). `transformBody` with flags {} mirrors the cg call
-  # (cgen.nim); `injectDestructorCalls` is NOT run here — it stays in `cg` on the
-  # loaded body.
-  #
-  # `transformBody`/lambda-lifting LIFTS the closure env's type-bound ops
-  # (`=destroy` etc.) into `g.opsLog`; snapshot its length so we serialize exactly
-  # the ops THIS stage created (not those loaded from `.s.nif`).
-  let opsLogStart = g.opsLog.len
-  # Shared across the owned loop so a nested routine reachable from more than one
-  # owner is transformed + destructor-injected EXACTLY once (double injection
-  # would emit two `=destroy`/`=copy` runs).
-  var seenNested = initIntSet()
-  for s in moduleSymbolStubs(ast.program, FileIndex modPos):
-    if ownsRuntimeRoutine(s, modPos):
-      # REUSE path (`icReuseSemLowering` ON): a routine already transformed during
-      # sem (CT eval / macro / VM transform) carries its lowered body in the
-      # `.s.nif` slot (loaded into `transformedBody`) — don't re-transform it.
-      # Default OFF: the slot is never loaded (see loadSymFromCursor), so
-      # `transformedBody` is nil here and we always re-derive below. See
-      # doc/ic_backend_simplify.md §6a/§6b.
-      if icReuseSemLowering(g.config) and s.transformedBody != nil: continue
-      # A routine serialized as a forward-decl + impl pair (writeSymDef's
-      # "separate forward declaration and implementation") loads as TWO syms; the
-      # impl `s` we transform here can carry body entities (`result`, locals,
-      # nested routines) owned by its fwd-decl TWIN, not by `s`. lambda-lifting
-      # compares owners by reference → `illegalCapture` rejects a twin-owned
-      # `result` and the lifting pass can't find twin-owned locals in `s`'s env.
-      # Pervasive on chronos `{.async.}` methods. Re-own them to `s`, matching the
-      # single-sym non-IC case. Backend-only, so frontend effect/exception
-      # inference is untouched.
-      if s.ast != nil and s.ast.len > resultPos and
-          s.ast[resultPos].kind == nkSym and s.ast[resultPos].sym.owner != s:
-        reownFromTwin(s.ast, s.ast[resultPos].sym.owner, s)
-      # Retain the transformed body on the sym so `writeSymDef` serializes it in
-      # the routine's `(sd)` 2-way-body slot.
-      s.transformedBody = transformBody(g, tb.idgen, s, {})
-      # Run the destructor injection HERE so the `.t.bif` body is FULLY lowered:
-      # `injectDestructorCalls` is demand-driven (it decides where destructors go
-      # by move analysis) and LIFTS the type-bound ops it needs (e.g. a nested
-      # closure env's `=destroy`) into `g.opsLog` — which the `hooks` collection
-      # below then serializes. Done in `cg` instead, those ops were lifted per-cg
-      # process, owned by nobody, and emitted as a prototype-only → undefined at
-      # link (the `eqdestroy__c<n>` gap). cg must NOT re-inject a loaded body
-      # (see genProcLvl3's `wasLoaded` gate) so this stays the single injection.
-      if sfInjectDestructors in s.flags:
-        s.transformedBody = injectDestructorCalls(g, tb.idgen, s, s.transformedBody)
-      # Cache the lifted+injected body on nested ccClosure routines too, so a
-      # module-indexed nested closure serializes its lifted (capture-rewritten,
-      # destructor-injected) body.
-      setNestedClosureBodies(g, tb.idgen, s.transformedBody, s, seenNested)
-  # Collect the hooks this stage lifted, and transform each hook ROUTINE's body
-  # too (it is itself lowered into NIFC). The hooks' `(sd)` + transformed body go
-  # into the `.t.nif`; `cg` re-attaches them so `injectDestructorCalls` resolves
-  # the loaded env's `=destroy`. Iterate to a fixpoint: a hook body can lift
-  # further hooks (a field's `=destroy`).
-  var hooks: seq[LogEntry] = @[]
-  var i = opsLogStart
-  while i < g.opsLog.len:
-    let e = g.opsLog[i]
-    if e.kind == HookEntry and e.sym != nil and e.sym.kind in routineKinds and
-        e.sym.transformedBody == nil:
-      hooks.add e
-      # Transform the hook routine's body and cache it on the sym so `writeSymDef`
-      # serializes it in the hook's `(sd)` transformed-body slot (`transformBody
-      # {}` returns the body but does not cache it). Inject the hook's own
-      # destructors here too (it can destroy fields/temporaries) so cg loads a
-      # fully-lowered hook and never re-injects.
-      e.sym.transformedBody = transformBody(g, tb.idgen, e.sym, {})
-      if sfInjectDestructors in e.sym.flags:
-        e.sym.transformedBody = injectDestructorCalls(g, tb.idgen, e.sym, e.sym.transformedBody)
-    inc i
-  # Re-serialize the whole module to its suffix-based `.t.nif` (the path
-  # `toNifFilename` resolves for the cg/emit stages). `writeLoweredModule` seals
-  # routines itself.
-  let suffix = cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex modPos)
-  let wholeArtifact = toGeneratedFile(g.config, AbsoluteFile(suffix), ".t.bif").string
-  writeLoweredModule(ast.program, g.config, target, hooks, wholeArtifact)
-  if isDefined(g.config, "icDceCheck"):
-    stderr.writeLine "[icLower] " & extractFilename(wholeArtifact) & " " &
-      $hooks.len & " hooks"
-
-proc visitDep(suffix: string;
-              suffixToMod: Table[string, PrecompiledModule];
-              visited: var HashSet[string]; bl: BModuleList;
-              ordered: var seq[BModule]) =
-  ## Post-order DFS over a module's import closure used to reconstruct the
-  ## dependency (init) order: a dependency's init must be registered before its
-  ## importer's. Appends each reachable non-main module's `BModule` to `ordered`.
-  if visited.containsOrIncl(suffix): return
-  let pm = suffixToMod.getOrDefault(suffix)
-  if pm.module == nil: return
-  for dep in pm.deps: # dependencies first (post-order)
-    visitDep(dep.string, suffixToMod, visited, bl, ordered)
-  if sfMainModule notin pm.module.flags:
-    let bm = bl.mods[pm.module.position]
-    if bm != nil: ordered.add bm
-
-proc generateCgStage(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex) =
-  ## Per-module backend codegen (`--icBackendStage:cg --icBackendModule:<suffix>`):
-  ## generate C for the single module named by `icBackendModule` and write only
-  ## its `.c.nif` artifact (no merge, no `.c` render, no cc/link — those are
-  ## separate nifmake rules).
-  ##
-  ## `findPendingModule` routes every demand into the target (emit-everywhere).
-  ##
-  ## A NON-main target loads only its own import closure (`loadDepClosure`); the
-  ## whole program is no longer pulled into every parallel `cg` process. The main
-  ## module still loads everything (`loadBackendModules`) because NimMain's init
-  ## list and the method dispatchers are whole-program; its `cg` runs essentially
-  ## alone (every other `.c.nif` precedes it), so it does not contend for memory.
-  # gate `newSymNode`'s lazy-type marking to this stage only (see astdef)
-  nifcBackendActive = true
-  let mainSuffix = cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, mainFileIdx)
-  let targetIsMain = g.config.icBackendModule.len == 0 or
-                     g.config.icBackendModule == mainSuffix
-  var modules: seq[PrecompiledModule]
-  var precompSys: PrecompiledModule
-  var target: PrecompiledModule
-  if targetIsMain:
-    var nifFiles: seq[string]
-    (modules, precompSys, nifFiles) = loadBackendModules(g, mainFileIdx)
-    if modules.len == 0:
-      rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-        "Cannot load NIF file for main module: " & toFullPath(g.config, mainFileIdx))
-      return
-    # No whole-program DCE here: each module emits the routines it owns and the
-    # MERGE stage recomputes the one program-wide live set across all `.c.nif`s.
-    # Running a whole-program liveness pass over all ~260 NIFs in the main `cg`
-    # would cost ~900 MB for a result the merge stage throws away.
-    target = findTargetModule(g, modules, precompSys, g.config.icBackendModule)
-  else:
-    # No whole-program load, hence no whole-program DCE: the target emits its
-    # full demanded closure and the merge stage drops what is globally dead.
-    (modules, precompSys, target) = loadDepClosure(g, g.config.icBackendModule)
-  if target.module == nil:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module codegen: module not found for suffix: " & g.config.icBackendModule)
-    return
-
-  # The `lower` stage already wrote each module's transformed bodies + lifted
-  # hooks into its `.t.nif`, which the loaders above read directly (toNifFilename
-  # resolves the `.t.nif`); transformed bodies arrive via loadSymFromCursor and
-  # lifted hooks via moduleFromNifFile's registerLoadedHooks. Nothing to apply.
-  generateCodeForModule(g, target)
-  let bl = BModuleList(g.backend)
-  # The main module also owns the whole-program method dispatchers + NimMain.
-  if sfMainModule in target.module.flags:
-    emitMethodDispatchers(g)
-    # NimMain (generated when the main module is finished) must call every other
-    # module's init/datInit. Those translation units are produced by their own
-    # `cg` processes, so the calls are registered here from each `.c.nif` meta
-    # head — which is why the main module's `cg` runs last, after every other
-    # `.c.nif` exists. Modules without init code (no `.c.nif`) register nothing.
-    #
-    # The registration order IS the runtime init order, and it must be the
-    # DEPENDENCY (post-order) order: an imported module's init has to run before
-    # its importer's. The whole-program backend gets this for free — it iterates
-    # `modulesClosed`, built in module-FINISH order (a post-order DFS over
-    # imports). Iterating `bl.mods` by position is WRONG: an importer gets a
-    # LOWER position than the modules it imports (its file is registered before
-    # its `import` statements are processed), so position order runs importers
-    # before their dependencies. That left chronicles' `topics_registry` — whose
-    # init sets `mainThreadId` — running AFTER a module that calls `registerTopic`
-    # from its own init, tripping the `getThreadId() == mainThreadId` assert at
-    # startup. So reconstruct the post-order DFS over the import closure here.
-    #
-    # NOTE: this is deliberately a SEPARATE traversal rather than reusing the
-    # module LOAD order — the per-module backend's C emit is sensitive to load
-    # order (it determines the main TU's header composition), so the loader must
-    # keep its existing order and the init order is derived independently here.
-    var suffixToMod = initTable[string, PrecompiledModule]()
-    for pm in modules:
-      if pm.module != nil:
-        suffixToMod[cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex pm.module.position)] = pm
-    if precompSys.module != nil:
-      suffixToMod[cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex precompSys.module.position)] = precompSys
-    var visited = initHashSet[string]()
-    var ordered: seq[BModule] = @[]
-    # System (and its include/import closure) must initialize FIRST: its init
-    # runs `initGC()` (top-level code in `threadimpl`, included into system),
-    # and every other module's init may allocate — an allocation before the GC
-    # heap is set up triggers a collection over an uninitialized region and
-    # crashes (e.g. nim-metrics' `newRegistry` in its init). System is the
-    # IMPLICIT universal import and appears in no module's explicit `deps`, so a
-    # DFS rooted at main never reaches it; seed the traversal from system first.
-    if precompSys.module != nil:
-      visitDep(cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex precompSys.module.position),
-               suffixToMod, visited, bl, ordered)
-    # Then order the whole import closure rooted at the main module; main itself
-    # is excluded above (its init body becomes NimMain).
-    for pm in modules:
-      if pm.module != nil and sfMainModule in pm.module.flags:
-        visitDep(cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex pm.module.position),
-                 suffixToMod, visited, bl, ordered)
-    # Defensive: any loaded module not reachable from main's import closure
-    # (demand-loaded system internals) keeps its init registered, appended last
-    # — nothing imports it, so its relative order does not matter.
-    for m in bl.mods:
-      if m != nil and sfMainModule notin m.module.flags:
-        let suffix = cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, FileIndex m.module.position)
-        if not visited.containsOrIncl(suffix):
-          ordered.add m
-    for m in ordered:
-      let heads = readCnifHeads(getCFile(m).string & ".nif")
-      registerReusedModuleToMain(bl, m, heads.initRequired, heads.datInitRequired)
-  let tb = bl.mods[target.module.position]
-  if tb != nil:
-    finishModule(g, tb)
-
-  # Writes only the target's `.c.nif` (every other loaded module's TU is empty,
-  # so `cgenWriteModules` emits no artifact for it). cc/link are NOT run here.
-  cgenWriteModules(g.backend, g.config)
-
-  # Always leave a `.c.nif` for the target, even when the module has no code
-  # (a leaf library whose procs all emit into their users): the per-module
-  # nifmake graph declares one `.c.nif` output per `cg` rule, so a missing one
-  # would re-fire the rule forever. An empty artifact renders to an empty `.c`.
-  if tb != nil:
-    let artifact = getCFile(tb).string & ".nif"
-    if not fileExists(artifact):
-      writeCnifArtifact("", artifact,
-        semmedNif = toNifFilename(g.config, FileIndex target.module.position),
-        moduleBase = $getSomeNameForModule(tb))
-
-proc generateMergeStage(g: ModuleGraph) =
-  ## Per-module backend merge (`--icBackendStage:merge`): a pure artifact
-  ## operation, no module graph loaded. Reads every `.c.nif` the `cg` stages
-  ## wrote, computes the global live set and — for each `'u'`-flagged unique
-  ## definition that several `cg` processes emitted (emit-everywhere) — the one
-  ## artifact allowed to embed its body, and writes the decision the `emit`
-  ## stages consume — the cross-process replacement for what used to be
-  ## in-process first-claimant/DCE coordination.
-  let nimcache = getNimcacheDir(g.config).string
-  var files: seq[string] = @[]
-  for artifact in walkFiles(nimcache / "*.c.nif"):
-    files.add artifact
-  sort files
-  let decision = computeMergeDecision(files)
-  if decision.broken:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module backend merge: a .c.nif artifact is missing or unparsable")
-    return
-  writeMergeDecision(nimcache / MergeDecisionFile, decision)
-  if isDefined(g.config, "icDceCheck"):
-    stderr.writeLine "[icMerge] artifacts: " & $files.len &
-      " live: " & $decision.live.len & " defs: " & $decision.defs &
-      " liveDefs: " & $decision.liveDefs & " owned: " & $decision.owners.len
-
-proc generateEmitStage(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex) =
-  ## Per-module backend emit (`--icBackendStage:emit --icBackendModule:<suffix>`):
-  ## render the target module's final `.c` from its `.c.nif` and the merge
-  ## decision. Loads the target the same way `cg` does so `getCFile` returns the
-  ## identical path `cg` wrote to (the main module's source-vs-suffix aliasing in
-  ## particular); no codegen runs. A non-main target loads only its own closure
-  ## (`loadDepClosure`) so emit, like `cg`, stays bounded under parallel fan-out.
-  let mainSuffix = cachedModuleSuffix(g.config, mainFileIdx)
-  let targetIsMain = g.config.icBackendModule.len == 0 or
-                     g.config.icBackendModule == mainSuffix
-  # emit renders a module's final `.c` PURELY from its own `.c.nif` and the merge
-  # decision (see `renderCFromArtifact` — text filtering, no AST is touched). It
-  # used to load the target's whole transitive import closure as BModules solely
-  # to reach `getCFile(bmod)` for the output path. Under the fire-all-every-edit
-  # merge barrier (every `emit` re-fires whenever `merge` bumps the decision's
-  # mtime — deliberate insurance so a decision change re-renders all `.c`
-  # consistently) that per-process `loadDepClosure` was the bulk of a warm
-  # rebuild's cost: 240 processes each re-parsing a module closure only to filter
-  # a handful of `.c.nif`s whose bytes are usually unchanged. Derive the `.c`
-  # path directly instead — the SAME pure computation `deps.nim.backendCFile`
-  # uses to DECLARE this stage's output (`getCFile` == that formula) — so an emit
-  # process loads nothing and the fire-all costs process-startup, not a graph load.
-  let cfilename =
-    if targetIsMain: AbsoluteFile toFullPath(g.config, mainFileIdx)
-    else: AbsoluteFile g.config.icBackendModule
-  let cfile = changeFileExt(completeCfilePath(g.config,
-    mangleModuleName(g.config, cfilename).AbsoluteFile), ".nim.c").string
-  let artifact = cfile & ".nif"
-  if not fileExists(artifact):
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module emit: missing .c.nif artifact for suffix: " & g.config.icBackendModule)
-    return
-  let decision = readMergeDecision(getNimcacheDir(g.config).string / MergeDecisionFile)
-  if decision.broken:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "per-module emit: missing or unparsable merge decision " & MergeDecisionFile)
-    return
-  var dropped = 0
-  let code = renderCFromArtifact(artifact, decision, extractFilename(artifact), dropped)
-  # Write the `.c` content-stably. `merge` re-runs on any edit and bumps the
-  # decision file's mtime, so nifmake re-fires every `emit` (the filter is cheap);
-  # but the FILTERED output is usually byte-identical for modules unaffected by
-  # the edit. Rewriting it unconditionally would bump every `.c`'s mtime and make
-  # `callCCompiler` recompile every `.o`. Writing only on a real change preserves
-  # the mtime, so the C compiler recompiles exactly the modules whose `.c` changed
-  # — the same DCE model as Nimony's. Safe here (unlike a content-stable merge
-  # decision): a `.c` is a per-module LEAF consumed only by the C compiler's own
-  # up-to-date check, not a shared prerequisite in nifmake's mtime ordering.
-  if not fileExists(cfile) or readFile(cfile) != code:
-    writeFile(cfile, code)
-  if isDefined(g.config, "icDceCheck"):
-    stderr.writeLine "[icEmit] " & extractFilename(cfile) & " dropped " &
-      $dropped & " bodies (" & $code.len & " bytes)"
-
-proc generateLinkStage(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex) =
-  ## Per-module backend link (`--icBackendStage:link`): the `emit` stages have
-  ## written every module's `.c`; register them and run the C compiler + linker
-  ## once via `extccomp.callCCompiler` (which parallelizes the per-file cc and
-  ## skips up-to-date objects itself). No codegen runs — the graph is loaded only
-  ## so `getCFile` yields each module's emitted `.c` path.
-  let (modules, precompSys, _) = loadBackendModules(g, mainFileIdx)
-  if modules.len == 0:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "Cannot load NIF file for main module: " & toFullPath(g.config, mainFileIdx))
-    return
-  # The per-module `cg` processes each collect their module's C compile/link
-  # directives (`{.passL: "-lm".}` etc.) via `replayBackendActions`, but those
-  # live in the cg process and never reach this separate link process. Re-collect
-  # every loaded module's directives here so the final `callCCompiler` sees them
-  # (without this, math's `-lm` is lost → undefined `floor`/`pow`/… at link).
-  for m in modules:
-    replayBackendActions(g, m.module, m.topLevel)
-  if precompSys.module != nil:
-    replayBackendActions(g, precompSys.module, precompSys.topLevel)
-  let bl = BModuleList(g.backend)
-  var addedCFiles = initHashSet[string]()
-  for m in bl.mods:
-    if m != nil:
-      let cfile = getCFile(m)
-      # Only modules that are their own cg/emit target produced a `.c`; the rest
-      # (extra members of system's closure that no build rule targets) had their
-      # code emit-everywhere'd into the targets, so they have no file to compile.
-      if not fileExists(cfile.string): continue
-      addedCFiles.incl extractFilename(cfile.string)
-      var cf = Cfile(nimname: m.module.name.s, cname: cfile,
-                     obj: completeCfilePath(g.config, toObjFile(g.config, cfile)),
-                     flags: {})
-      # `addExternalFileToCompile` (not `addFileToCompile`) gates each `.c` on its
-      # SHA1 footprint: an unchanged `.c` keeps its `.o` and is flagged Cached, so
-      # `callCCompiler` skips its compile but still links the existing object. This
-      # is what makes a localized edit recompile only the handful of `.c`s the
-      # `emit` stage actually rewrote, instead of every object every time — the
-      # final piece of per-module backend incrementality after the merge barrier.
-      addExternalFileToCompile(g.config, cf)
-  # deps.nim's static scanner can keep a CONDITIONALLY-imported module as a build
-  # node (e.g. `net`'s `when defineSsl: import openssl`, or a `when defined(os)`
-  # import) that the NIF-`deps` walk above never reaches because the condition is
-  # off. Such a node still emitted a `.c`, and it can OWN a live generic instance
-  # that a REACHABLE module reuses (openssl owns `toHex[uint8]`, reused by
-  # `strutils.escape`) — so its body must be at link or that reference is
-  # undefined. Link every emitted `.c` the merge decision says OWNS a LIVE symbol;
-  # a node that owns nothing live (a Windows-only winsock node on Linux) is
-  # correctly skipped.
-  block:
-    let nimcache = getNimcacheDir(g.config).string
-    let decision = readMergeDecision(nimcache / MergeDecisionFile)
-    if not decision.broken:
-      var liveOwners = initHashSet[string]()
-      for cname, owner in decision.owners:
-        if owner.endsWith(".c.nif") and cname in decision.live:
-          liveOwners.incl owner
-      for owner in liveOwners:
-        let cbase = owner[0 ..< owner.len - ".nif".len]  # "@m….nim.c.nif" -> ".c"
-        if addedCFiles.containsOrIncl(cbase): continue
-        let cfile = AbsoluteFile(nimcache / cbase)
-        if not fileExists(cfile.string): continue
-        var cf = Cfile(nimname: cbase, cname: cfile,
-                       obj: completeCfilePath(g.config, toObjFile(g.config, cfile)),
-                       flags: {})
-        addExternalFileToCompile(g.config, cf)
-  if g.config.cmd != cmdTcc:
-    extccomp.callCCompiler(g.config)
-
-proc generateCode*(g: ModuleGraph; mainFileIdx: FileIndex) =
-  ## Main entry point for NIF-based C code generation.
-  ## Traverses the module dependency graph and generates C code.
-  if g.config.icBackendStage == "lower":
-    generateLowerStage(g, mainFileIdx)
-    return
-  elif g.config.icBackendStage == "cg":
-    generateCgStage(g, mainFileIdx)
-    return
-  elif g.config.icBackendStage == "merge":
-    generateMergeStage(g)
-    return
-  elif g.config.icBackendStage == "emit":
-    generateEmitStage(g, mainFileIdx)
-    return
-  elif g.config.icBackendStage == "link":
-    generateLinkStage(g, mainFileIdx)
-    return
-  else:
-    rawMessage(g.config, errGenerated,
-      "the per-module NIF backend requires --icBackendStage:lower|cg|merge|emit|link")