Fix various problems (#37129 )

* Fix #37128 * Manually tested with various cases (issue, pr) X (close, reopen) * Fix #36792 * Fix the comment * Fix #36755 * Add a "sleep 3" * Follow up #36697 * Clarify the "attachment uploading" problem and function call --------- Signed-off-by: wxiaoguang <wxiaoguang@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: TheFox0x7 <thefox0x7@gmail.com>
Add support for RPM Errata (updateinfo.xml) (#37125 )
2026-04-08 08:38:48 +00:00 · 2026-04-08 01:17:05 +08:00 · 2026-04-08 00:39:53 +08:00 · 2026-04-07 09:16:22 +00:00 · 2026-04-07 15:42:56 +08:00 · 2026-04-07 02:11:52 +00:00
1405 changed files with 59946 additions and 25124 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
  "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
      "settings": {},
-      // same extensions as Gitpod, should match /.gitpod.yml
      "extensions": [
        "editorconfig.editorconfig",
        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@@ -43,7 +43,6 @@ modifies/internal:
          - ".editorconfig"
          - ".eslintrc.cjs"
          - ".golangci.yml"
-          - ".gitpod.yml"
          - ".markdownlint.yaml"
          - ".spectral.yaml"
          - "stylelint.config.*"
@@ -84,9 +83,9 @@ docs-update-needed:
 topic/code-linting:
  - changed-files:
      - any-glob-to-any-file:
-          - ".eslintrc.cjs"
          - ".golangci.yml"
          - ".markdownlint.yaml"
          - ".spectral.yaml"
          - ".yamllint.yaml"
+          - "eslint*.config.*"
          - "stylelint.config.*"
--- a/.github/workflows/cron-flake-updater.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cron-flake-updater.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+name: cron-flake-updater
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0' # runs weekly on Sunday at 00:00
+
+jobs:
+  nix-flake-update:
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      issues: write
+      pull-requests: write
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: DeterminateSystems/determinate-nix-action@v3
+      - uses: DeterminateSystems/update-flake-lock@main
+        with:
+          pr-title: "Update Nix flake"
+          pr-labels: |
+            dependencies
--- a/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
      json: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.json }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v4
        id: changes
        with:
          filters: |
@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ jobs:
              - "uv.lock"

            docker:
+              - ".github/workflows/pull-docker-dryrun.yml"
              - "Dockerfile"
              - "Dockerfile.rootless"
              - "docker/**"
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.0.0
      - run: uv python install 3.14
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.0.0
      - run: uv python install 3.14
      - run: make deps-py
      - run: make lint-yaml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-db-tests.yml
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ jobs:
          RACE_ENABLED: true
          TEST_TAGS: gogit
          TEST_LDAP: 1
-          USE_REPO_TEST_DIR: 1

  test-sqlite:
    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
@@ -90,7 +89,6 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata gogit sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
          RACE_ENABLED: true
          TEST_TAGS: gogit sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
-          USE_REPO_TEST_DIR: 1

  test-unit:
    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
@@ -206,7 +204,6 @@ jobs:
        env:
          TAGS: bindata
          RACE_ENABLED: true
-          USE_REPO_TEST_DIR: 1
          TEST_INDEXER_CODE_ES_URL: "http://elastic:changeme@elasticsearch:9200"

  test-mssql:
@@ -246,4 +243,3 @@ jobs:
        timeout-minutes: 50
        env:
          TAGS: bindata
-          USE_REPO_TEST_DIR: 1
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-docker-dryrun.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-docker-dryrun.yml
@@ -14,24 +14,27 @@ jobs:
      contents: read

  container:
-    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.docker == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.actions == 'true'
+    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.docker == 'true'
    needs: files-changed
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
      - name: Build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
          push: false
-          tags: gitea/gitea:linux-amd64
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful
      - name: Build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          push: false
+          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
          file: Dockerfile.rootless
-          tags: gitea/gitea:linux-amd64
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootless
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+name: e2e-tests
+
+on:
+  pull_request:
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  files-changed:
+    uses: ./.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+
+  test-e2e:
+    if: needs.files-changed.outputs.backend == 'true' || needs.files-changed.outputs.frontend == 'true'
+    needs: files-changed
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        with:
+          go-version-file: go.mod
+          check-latest: true
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        with:
+          node-version: 24
+          cache: pnpm
+          cache-dependency-path: pnpm-lock.yaml
+      - run: make deps-frontend
+      - run: make frontend
+      - run: make deps-backend
+      - run: make gitea-e2e
+      - run: make playwright
+      - run: make test-e2e
+        timeout-minutes: 10
+        env:
+          FORCE_COLOR: 1
+          GITEA_TEST_E2E_DEBUG: 1
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}-nightly" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
      - name: Get cleaned branch name
        id: clean_name
        run: |
          REF_NAME=$(echo "${{ github.ref }}" | sed -e 's/refs\/heads\///' -e 's/refs\/tags\///' -e 's/release\/v//')
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}-nightly" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
            type=raw,value=${{ steps.clean_name.outputs.branch }}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -102,26 +102,28 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
          push: true
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful,mode=max
      - name: build rootless docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -129,3 +131,5 @@ jobs:
          file: Dockerfile.rootless
          tags: ${{ steps.meta_rootless.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta_rootless.outputs.annotations }}
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootless
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootless,mode=max
--- a/.github/workflows/release-tag-rc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-tag-rc.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -112,18 +112,18 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
      - name: build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
--- a/.github/workflows/release-tag-version.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-tag-version.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -124,18 +124,18 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
+        uses: docker/login-action@v4
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
      - name: build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ cpu.out
 *.log.*.gz

 /gitea
+/gitea-e2e
 /gitea-vet
 /debug
 /integrations.test
@@ -67,13 +68,9 @@ cpu.out
 /indexers
 /log
 /public/assets/img/avatar
+/tests/e2e-output
 /tests/integration/gitea-integration-*
 /tests/integration/indexers-*
-/tests/e2e/gitea-e2e-*
-/tests/e2e/indexers-*
-/tests/e2e/reports
-/tests/e2e/test-artifacts
-/tests/e2e/test-snapshots
 /tests/*.ini
 /tests/**/*.git/**/*.sample
 /node_modules
@@ -82,6 +79,7 @@ cpu.out
 /yarn-error.log
 /npm-debug.log*
 /.pnpm-store
+/public/assets/.vite
 /public/assets/js
 /public/assets/css
 /public/assets/fonts
@@ -89,10 +87,7 @@ cpu.out
 /vendor
 /VERSION
 /.air
-/.go-licenses

-# Files and folders that were previously generated
-/public/assets/img/webpack

 # Snapcraft
 /gitea_a*.txt
@@ -121,8 +116,6 @@ prime/
 /.goosehints
 /.windsurfrules
 /.github/copilot-instructions.md
-/AGENT.md
-/CLAUDE.md
 /llms.txt

 # Ignore worktrees when working on multiple branches
--- a/.gitpod.yml
+++ b/.gitpod.yml
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-tasks:
-  - name: Setup
-    init: |
-      cp -r contrib/ide/vscode .vscode
-      make deps
-      make build
-    command: |
-      gp sync-done setup
-      exit 0
-  - name: Run backend
-    command: |
-      gp sync-await setup
-
-      # Get the URL and extract the domain
-      url=$(gp url 3000)
-      domain=$(echo $url | awk -F[/:] '{print $4}')
-
-      if [ -f custom/conf/app.ini ]; then
-        sed -i "s|^ROOT_URL =.*|ROOT_URL = ${url}/|" custom/conf/app.ini
-        sed -i "s|^DOMAIN =.*|DOMAIN = ${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
-        sed -i "s|^SSH_DOMAIN =.*|SSH_DOMAIN = ${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
-        sed -i "s|^NO_REPLY_ADDRESS =.*|SSH_DOMAIN = noreply.${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
-      else
-        mkdir -p custom/conf/
-        echo -e "[server]\nROOT_URL = ${url}/" > custom/conf/app.ini
-        echo -e "\n[database]\nDB_TYPE = sqlite3\nPATH = $GITPOD_REPO_ROOT/data/gitea.db" >> custom/conf/app.ini
-      fi
-      export TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
-      make watch-backend
-  - name: Run frontend
-    command: |
-      gp sync-await setup
-      make watch-frontend
-    openMode: split-right
-
-vscode:
-  extensions:
-    - editorconfig.editorconfig
-    - dbaeumer.vscode-eslint
-    - golang.go
-    - stylelint.vscode-stylelint
-    - DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint
-    - Vue.volar
-    - ms-azuretools.vscode-docker
-    - vitest.explorer
-    - cweijan.vscode-database-client2
-    - GitHub.vscode-pull-request-github
-
-ports:
-  - name: Gitea
-    port: 3000
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ linters:
    - mirror
    - modernize
    - nakedret
+    - nilnil
    - nolintlint
    - perfsprint
    - revive
@@ -50,8 +51,6 @@ linters:
              desc: do not use the go-chi cache package, use gitea's cache system
            - pkg: github.com/pkg/errors
              desc: use builtin errors package instead
-            - pkg: github.com/go-ap/errors
-              desc: use builtin errors package instead
    nolintlint:
      allow-unused: false
      require-explanation: true
@@ -66,35 +65,24 @@ linters:
    revive:
      severity: error
      rules:
-        - name: atomic
-        - name: bare-return
        - name: blank-imports
        - name: constant-logical-expr
        - name: context-as-argument
        - name: context-keys-type
        - name: dot-imports
-        - name: duplicated-imports
        - name: empty-lines
-        - name: error-naming
        - name: error-return
        - name: error-strings
-        - name: errorf
        - name: exported
        - name: identical-branches
        - name: if-return
        - name: increment-decrement
-        - name: indent-error-flow
        - name: modifies-value-receiver
        - name: package-comments
-        - name: range
-        - name: receiver-naming
        - name: redefines-builtin-id
-        - name: string-of-int
        - name: superfluous-else
        - name: time-naming
-        - name: unconditional-recursion
        - name: unexported-return
-        - name: unreachable-code
        - name: var-declaration
        - name: var-naming
          arguments:
@@ -132,16 +120,12 @@ linters:
      - linters:
          - dupl
          - errcheck
-          - gocyclo
-          - gosec
          - staticcheck
          - unparam
        path: _test\.go
      - linters:
          - dupl
          - errcheck
-          - gocyclo
-          - gosec
        path: models/migrations/v
      - linters:
          - forbidigo
@@ -153,12 +137,8 @@ linters:
          - gocritic
        text: (?i)`ID' should not be capitalized
      - linters:
-          - deadcode
          - unused
        text: (?i)swagger
-      - linters:
-          - staticcheck
-        text: (?i)argument x is overwritten before first use
      - linters:
          - gocritic
        text: '(?i)commentFormatting: put a space between `//` and comment text'
--- a/.yamllint.yaml
+++ b/.yamllint.yaml
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ rules:
  comments-indentation:
    level: error

-  document-start:
-    level: error
-    present: false
+  document-start: disable

  document-end:
    present: false
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+- Use `make help` to find available development targets
+- Run `make fmt` to format `.go` files, and run `make lint-go` to lint them
+- Run `make lint-js` to lint `.ts` files
+- Run `make tidy` after any `go.mod` changes
+- Add the current year into the copyright header of new `.go` files
+- Ensure no trailing whitespace in edited files
+- Never force-push, amend, or squash unless asked. Use new commits and normal push for pull request updates
+- Preserve existing code comments, do not remove or rewrite comments that are still relevant
+- In TypeScript, use `!` (non-null assertion) instead of `?.`/`??` when a value is known to always exist
+- Include authorship attribution in issue and pull request comments
+- Add `Co-Authored-By` lines to all commits, indicating name and model used
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,53 @@ This changelog goes through the changes that have been made in each release
 without substantial changes to our git log; to see the highlights of what has
 been added to each release, please refer to the [blog](https://blog.gitea.com).

+## [1.25.5](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5) - 2026-03-10
+
+* SECURITY
+  * Toolchain Update to Go 1.25.6 (#36480) (#36487)
+  * Adjust the toolchain version (#36537) (#36542)
+  * Update toolchain to 1.25.8 for v1.25 (#36888)
+  * Prevent redirect bypasses via backslash-encoded paths (#36660) (#36716)
+  * Fix get release draft permission check (#36659) (#36715)
+  * Fix a bug user could change another user's primary email (#36586) (#36607)
+  * Fix OAuth2 authorization code expiry and reuse handling (#36797) (#36851)
+  * Add validation constraints for repository creation fields (#36671) (#36757)
+  * Fix bug to check whether user can update pull request branch or rebase branch (#36465) (#36838)
+  * Add migration http transport for push/sync mirror lfs (#36665) (#36691)
+  * Fix track time list permission check (#36662) (#36744)
+  * Fix track time issue id (#36664) (#36689)
+  * Fix path resolving (#36734) (#36746)
+  * Fix dump release asset bug (#36799) (#36839)
+  * Fix org permission API visibility checks for hidden members and private orgs (#36798) (#36841)
+  * Fix forwarded proto handling for public URL detection (#36810) (#36836)
+  * Add a git grep search timeout (#36809) (#36835)
+  * Fix oauth2 s256 (#36462) (#36477)
+* ENHANCEMENTS
+  * Make `security-check` informational only (#36681) (#36852)
+  * Upgrade to github.com/cloudflare/circl 1.6.3, svgo 4.0.1, markdownlint-cli 0.48.0 (#36840)
+  * Add some validation on values provided to USER_DISABLED_FEATURES and EXTERNAL_USER_DISABLED_FEATURES (#36688) (#36692)
+  * Upgrade gogit to 5.16.5 (#36687)
+  * Add wrap to runner label list (#36565) (#36574)
+  * Add dnf5 command for Fedora in RPM package instructions (#36527) (#36572)
+  * Allow scroll propagation outside code editor (#36502) (#36510)
+* BUGFIXES
+  * Fix non-admins unable to automerge PRs from forks (#36833) (#36843)
+  * Fix bug when pushing mirror with wiki (#36795) (#36807)
+  * Fix artifacts v4 backend upload problems (#36805) (#36834)
+  * Fix CRAN package version validation to allow more than 4 version components (#36813) (#36821)
+  * Fix force push time-line commit comments of pull request (#36653) (#36717)
+  * Fix SVG height calculation in diff viewer (#36748) (#36750)
+  * Fix push time bug (#36693) (#36713)
+  * Fix bug the protected branch rule name is conflicted with renamed branch name (#36650) (#36661)
+  * Fix bug when do LFS GC (#36500) (#36608)
+  * Fix focus lost bugs in the Monaco editor (#36609)
+  * Reprocess htmx content after loading more files (#36568) (#36577)
+  * Fix assignee sidebar links and empty placeholder (#36559) (#36563)
+  * Fix issues filter dropdown showing empty label scope section (#36535) (#36544)
+  * Fix various mermaid bugs (#36547) (#36552)
+  * Fix data race when uploading container blobs concurrently (#36524) (#36526)
+  * Correct spacing between username and bot label (#36473) (#36484)
+
 ## [1.25.4](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.4) - 2026-01-15

 * SECURITY
--- a/CLAUDE.md
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+@AGENTS.md
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@

 - [Contribution Guidelines](#contribution-guidelines)
  - [Introduction](#introduction)
+  - [AI Contribution Policy](#ai-contribution-policy)
  - [Issues](#issues)
    - [How to report issues](#how-to-report-issues)
    - [Types of issues](#types-of-issues)
@@ -67,6 +68,21 @@ Sensitive security-related issues should be reported to [security@gitea.io](mail

 For configuring IDEs for Gitea development, see the [contributed IDE configurations](contrib/ide/).

+## AI Contribution Policy
+
+Contributions made with the assistance of AI tools are welcome, but contributors must use them responsibly and disclose that use clearly.
+
+1. Review AI-generated code closely before marking a pull request ready for review.
+2. Manually test the changes and add appropriate automated tests where feasible.
+3. Only use AI to assist in contributions that you understand well enough to explain, defend, and revise yourself during review.
+4. Disclose AI-assisted content clearly.
+5. Do not use AI to reply to questions about your issue or pull request. The questions are for you, not an AI model.
+6. AI may be used to help draft issues and pull requests, but contributors remain responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and intent of what they submit.
+
+Maintainers reserve the right to close pull requests and issues that do not disclose AI assistance, that appear to be low-quality AI-generated content, or where the contributor cannot explain or defend the proposed changes themselves.
+
+We welcome new contributors, but cannot sustain the effort of supporting contributors who primarily defer to AI rather than engaging substantively with the review process.
+
 ## Issues

 ### How to report issues
@@ -178,12 +194,20 @@ Here's how to run the test suite:
 | :------------------------------------------ | :------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------- |
 |``make test[\#SpecificTestName]``            |  run unit test(s)                                        |                                             |
 |``make test-sqlite[\#SpecificTestName]``     |  run [integration](tests/integration) test(s) for SQLite | [More details](tests/integration/README.md) |
-|``make test-e2e-sqlite[\#SpecificTestName]`` |  run [end-to-end](tests/e2e) test(s) for SQLite          | [More details](tests/e2e/README.md)         |
+|``make test-e2e``                            |  run [end-to-end](tests/e2e) test(s) using Playwright    |                                             |
+
+- E2E test environment variables
+
+| Variable                          | Description                                                 |
+| :-------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------- |
+| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_DEBUG``          | When set, show Gitea server output                          |
+| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_FLAGS``          | Additional flags passed to Playwright, for example ``--ui`` |
+| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_TIMEOUT_FACTOR`` | Timeout multiplier (default: 3 on CI, 1 locally)            |

 ## Translation

 All translation work happens on [Crowdin](https://translate.gitea.com).
-The only translation that is maintained in this repository is [the English translation](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini).
+The only translation that is maintained in this repository is [the English translation](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/options/locale/locale_en-US.json).
 It is synced regularly with Crowdin. \
 Other locales on main branch **should not** be updated manually as they will be overwritten with each sync. \
 Once a language has reached a **satisfactory percentage** of translated keys (~25%), it will be synced back into this repo and included in the next released version.
--- a/33
+++ b/33
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-# Build stage
-FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.25-alpine3.22 AS build-env
+# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with nodejs ecosystem
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS frontend-build
+RUN apk --no-cache add build-base git nodejs pnpm
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml .npmrc ./
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
+RUN make frontend

-ARG GOPROXY=direct
+# Build backend for each target platform
+FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS build-env

 ARG GITEA_VERSION
 ARG TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
@@ -12,22 +19,20 @@ ARG CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS
 # Build deps
 RUN apk --no-cache add \
    build-base \
-    git \
-    nodejs \
-    pnpm
+    git

 WORKDIR ${GOPATH}/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
-# Use COPY but not "mount" because some directories like "node_modules" contain platform-depended contents and these directories need to be ignored.
-# ".git" directory will be mounted later separately for getting version data.
-# TODO: in the future, maybe we can pre-build the frontend assets on one platform and share them for different platforms, the benefit is that it won't be affected by webpack plugin compatibility problems, then the working directory can be fully mounted and the COPY is not needed.
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
+# Use COPY instead of bind mount as read-only one breaks makefile state tracking and read-write one needs binary to be moved as it's discarded.
+# ".git" directory is mounted separately later only for version data extraction.
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
+COPY --from=frontend-build /src/public/assets public/assets

 # Build gitea, .git mount is required for version data
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
-    --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
-    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
    --mount=type=bind,source=".git/",target=".git/" \
-    make
+    make backend

 COPY docker/root /tmp/local

@@ -39,7 +44,7 @@ RUN chmod 755 /tmp/local/usr/bin/entrypoint \
              /tmp/local/etc/s6/.s6-svscan/* \
              /go/src/code.gitea.io/gitea/gitea

-FROM docker.io/library/alpine:3.22 AS gitea
+FROM docker.io/library/alpine:3.23 AS gitea

 EXPOSE 22 3000

--- a/Dockerfile.rootless
+++ b/Dockerfile.rootless
@@ -1,8 +1,15 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-# Build stage
-FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.25-alpine3.22 AS build-env
+# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with nodejs ecosystem
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS frontend-build
+RUN apk --no-cache add build-base git nodejs pnpm
+WORKDIR /src
+COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml .npmrc ./
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
+RUN make frontend

-ARG GOPROXY=direct
+# Build backend for each target platform
+FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS build-env

 ARG GITEA_VERSION
 ARG TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
@@ -12,20 +19,19 @@ ARG CGO_EXTRA_CFLAGS
 # Build deps
 RUN apk --no-cache add \
    build-base \
-    git \
-    nodejs \
-    pnpm
+    git

 WORKDIR ${GOPATH}/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
+COPY go.mod go.sum ./
+RUN go mod download
 # See the comments in Dockerfile
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
+COPY --from=frontend-build /src/public/assets public/assets

 # Build gitea, .git mount is required for version data
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
-    --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
-    --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store \
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
    --mount=type=bind,source=".git/",target=".git/" \
-    make
+    make backend

 COPY docker/rootless /tmp/local

@@ -33,7 +39,7 @@ COPY docker/rootless /tmp/local
 RUN chmod 755 /tmp/local/usr/local/bin/* \
              /go/src/code.gitea.io/gitea/gitea

-FROM docker.io/library/alpine:3.22 AS gitea-rootless
+FROM docker.io/library/alpine:3.23 AS gitea-rootless

 EXPOSE 2222 3000

--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -64,3 +64,4 @@ metiftikci <metiftikci@hotmail.com> (@metiftikci)
 Christopher Homberger <christopher.homberger@web.de> (@ChristopherHX)
 Tobias Balle-Petersen <tobiasbp@gmail.com> (@tobiasbp)
 TheFox <thefox0x7@gmail.com> (@TheFox0x7)
+Nicolas <bircni@icloud.com> (@bircni)
--- a/228
+++ b/228
@@ -1,22 +1,5 @@
-ifeq ($(USE_REPO_TEST_DIR),1)
-
-# This rule replaces the whole Makefile when we're trying to use /tmp repository temporary files
-location = $(CURDIR)/$(word $(words $(MAKEFILE_LIST)),$(MAKEFILE_LIST))
-self := $(location)
-
-%:
-	@tmpdir=`mktemp --tmpdir -d` ; \
-	echo Using temporary directory $$tmpdir for test repositories ; \
-	USE_REPO_TEST_DIR= $(MAKE) -f $(self) --no-print-directory REPO_TEST_DIR=$$tmpdir/ $@ ; \
-	STATUS=$$? ; rm -r "$$tmpdir" ; exit $$STATUS
-
-else
-
-# This is the "normal" part of the Makefile
-
 DIST := dist
 DIST_DIRS := $(DIST)/binaries $(DIST)/release
-IMPORT := code.gitea.io/gitea

 # By default use go's 1.25 experimental json v2 library when building
 # TODO: remove when no longer experimental
@@ -32,14 +15,13 @@ XGO_VERSION := go-1.25.x
 AIR_PACKAGE ?= github.com/air-verse/air@v1
 EDITORCONFIG_CHECKER_PACKAGE ?= github.com/editorconfig-checker/editorconfig-checker/v3/cmd/editorconfig-checker@v3
 GOFUMPT_PACKAGE ?= mvdan.cc/gofumpt@v0.9.2
-GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.8.0
+GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.11.4
 GXZ_PACKAGE ?= github.com/ulikunitz/xz/cmd/gxz@v0.5.15
-MISSPELL_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/misspell/cmd/misspell@v0.7.0
+MISSPELL_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/misspell/cmd/misspell@v0.8.0
 SWAGGER_PACKAGE ?= github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/cmd/swagger@v0.33.1
 XGO_PACKAGE ?= src.techknowlogick.com/xgo@latest
-GO_LICENSES_PACKAGE ?= github.com/google/go-licenses@v1
 GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE ?= golang.org/x/vuln/cmd/govulncheck@v1
-ACTIONLINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/rhysd/actionlint/cmd/actionlint@v1.7.10
+ACTIONLINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/rhysd/actionlint/cmd/actionlint@v1.7.11

 DOCKER_IMAGE ?= gitea/gitea
 DOCKER_TAG ?= latest
@@ -71,9 +53,11 @@ endif
 ifeq ($(IS_WINDOWS),yes)
 	GOFLAGS := -v -buildmode=exe
 	EXECUTABLE ?= gitea.exe
+	EXECUTABLE_E2E ?= gitea-e2e.exe
 else
 	GOFLAGS := -v
 	EXECUTABLE ?= gitea
+	EXECUTABLE_E2E ?= gitea-e2e
 endif

 ifeq ($(shell sed --version 2>/dev/null | grep -q GNU && echo gnu),gnu)
@@ -84,7 +68,6 @@ endif

 EXTRA_GOFLAGS ?=

-MAKE_VERSION := $(shell "$(MAKE)" -v | cat | head -n 1)
 MAKE_EVIDENCE_DIR := .make_evidence

 GOTESTFLAGS ?=
@@ -98,15 +81,6 @@ STORED_VERSION_FILE := VERSION
 GITHUB_REF_TYPE ?= branch
 GITHUB_REF_NAME ?= $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)

-# Enable typescript support in Node.js before 22.18
-# TODO: Remove this once we can raise the minimum Node.js version to 22.18 (alpine >= 3.23)
-NODE_VERSION := $(shell printf "%03d%03d%03d" $(shell node -v 2>/dev/null | cut -c2- | sed 's/-.*//' | tr '.' ' '))
-ifeq ($(shell test "$(NODE_VERSION)" -lt "022018000"; echo $$?),0)
-	NODE_VARS := NODE_OPTIONS="--experimental-strip-types"
-else
-	NODE_VARS :=
-endif
-
 ifneq ($(GITHUB_REF_TYPE),branch)
 	VERSION ?= $(subst v,,$(GITHUB_REF_NAME))
 	GITEA_VERSION ?= $(VERSION)
@@ -130,17 +104,18 @@ ifeq ($(VERSION),main)
 	VERSION := main-nightly
 endif

-LDFLAGS := $(LDFLAGS) -X "main.MakeVersion=$(MAKE_VERSION)" -X "main.Version=$(GITEA_VERSION)" -X "main.Tags=$(TAGS)"
+LDFLAGS := $(LDFLAGS) -X "main.Version=$(GITEA_VERSION)" -X "main.Tags=$(TAGS)"

 LINUX_ARCHS ?= linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm-5,linux/arm-6,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64

-GO_TEST_PACKAGES ?= $(filter-out $(shell $(GO) list code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/...) code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration/migration-test code.gitea.io/gitea/tests code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/e2e,$(shell $(GO) list ./... | grep -v /vendor/))
+GO_TEST_PACKAGES ?= $(filter-out $(shell $(GO) list code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/...) code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration/migration-test code.gitea.io/gitea/tests code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration,$(shell $(GO) list ./... | grep -v /vendor/))
 MIGRATE_TEST_PACKAGES ?= $(shell $(GO) list code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/...)

-WEBPACK_SOURCES := $(shell find web_src/js web_src/css -type f)
-WEBPACK_CONFIGS := webpack.config.ts tailwind.config.ts
-WEBPACK_DEST := public/assets/js/index.js public/assets/css/index.css
-WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES := public/assets/js public/assets/css public/assets/fonts
+FRONTEND_SOURCES := $(shell find web_src/js web_src/css -type f)
+FRONTEND_CONFIGS := vite.config.ts tailwind.config.ts
+FRONTEND_DEST := public/assets/.vite/manifest.json
+FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES := public/assets/js public/assets/css public/assets/fonts public/assets/.vite
+FRONTEND_DEV_LOG_LEVEL ?= warn

 BINDATA_DEST_WILDCARD := modules/migration/bindata.* modules/public/bindata.* modules/options/bindata.* modules/templates/bindata.*

@@ -150,7 +125,6 @@ SVG_DEST_DIR := public/assets/img/svg

 AIR_TMP_DIR := .air

-GO_LICENSE_TMP_DIR := .go-licenses
 GO_LICENSE_FILE := assets/go-licenses.json

 TAGS ?=
@@ -159,7 +133,7 @@ TAGS_EVIDENCE := $(MAKE_EVIDENCE_DIR)/tags

 TEST_TAGS ?= $(TAGS_SPLIT) sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify

-TAR_EXCLUDES := .git data indexers queues log node_modules $(EXECUTABLE) $(DIST) $(MAKE_EVIDENCE_DIR) $(AIR_TMP_DIR) $(GO_LICENSE_TMP_DIR)
+TAR_EXCLUDES := .git data indexers queues log node_modules $(EXECUTABLE) $(DIST) $(MAKE_EVIDENCE_DIR) $(AIR_TMP_DIR)

 GO_DIRS := build cmd models modules routers services tests tools
 WEB_DIRS := web_src/js web_src/css
@@ -173,10 +147,7 @@ GO_SOURCES := $(wildcard *.go)
 GO_SOURCES += $(shell find $(GO_DIRS) -type f -name "*.go")
 GO_SOURCES += $(GENERATED_GO_DEST)

-# Force installation of playwright dependencies by setting this flag
-ifdef DEPS_PLAYWRIGHT
-	PLAYWRIGHT_FLAGS += --with-deps
-endif
+ESLINT_CONCURRENCY ?= 2

 SWAGGER_SPEC := templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
 SWAGGER_SPEC_INPUT := templates/swagger/v1_input.json
@@ -207,7 +178,7 @@ all: build
 .PHONY: help
 help: Makefile ## print Makefile help information.
 	@awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*##"; printf "\nUsage:\n  make \033[36m[TARGETS] default target: build\033[0m\n\n\033[35mTargets:\033[0m\n"} /^[0-9A-Za-z._-]+:.*?##/ { printf "  \033[36m%-45s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2 }' Makefile #$(MAKEFILE_LIST)
-	@printf "  \033[36m%-46s\033[0m %s\n" "test-e2e[#TestSpecificName]" "test end to end using playwright"
+	@printf "  \033[36m%-46s\033[0m %s\n" "test-e2e" "test end to end using playwright"
 	@printf "  \033[36m%-46s\033[0m %s\n" "test[#TestSpecificName]" "run unit test"
 	@printf "  \033[36m%-46s\033[0m %s\n" "test-sqlite[#TestSpecificName]" "run integration test for sqlite"

@@ -220,16 +191,15 @@ git-check:

 .PHONY: clean-all
 clean-all: clean ## delete backend, frontend and integration files
-	rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES) node_modules
+	rm -rf $(FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES) node_modules

 .PHONY: clean
 clean: ## delete backend and integration files
-	rm -rf $(EXECUTABLE) $(DIST) $(BINDATA_DEST_WILDCARD) \
+	rm -rf $(EXECUTABLE) $(EXECUTABLE_E2E) $(DIST) $(BINDATA_DEST_WILDCARD) \
 		integrations*.test \
-		e2e*.test \
 		tests/integration/gitea-integration-* \
 		tests/integration/indexers-* \
-		tests/mysql.ini tests/pgsql.ini tests/mssql.ini man/ \
+		tests/sqlite.ini tests/mysql.ini tests/pgsql.ini tests/mssql.ini man/ \
 		tests/e2e/gitea-e2e-*/ \
 		tests/e2e/indexers-*/ \
 		tests/e2e/reports/ tests/e2e/test-artifacts/ tests/e2e/test-snapshots/
@@ -314,44 +284,42 @@ lint-backend: lint-go lint-go-gitea-vet lint-editorconfig ## lint backend files
 lint-backend-fix: lint-go-fix lint-go-gitea-vet lint-editorconfig ## lint backend files and fix issues

 .PHONY: lint-js
-lint-js: node_modules ## lint js files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 $(ESLINT_FILES)
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vue-tsc
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec knip --no-progress --cache
+lint-js: node_modules ## lint js and ts files
+	pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) $(ESLINT_FILES)
+	pnpm exec vue-tsc

 .PHONY: lint-js-fix
-lint-js-fix: node_modules ## lint js files and fix issues
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 $(ESLINT_FILES) --fix
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vue-tsc
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec knip --no-progress --cache --fix
+lint-js-fix: node_modules ## lint js and ts files and fix issues
+	pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) $(ESLINT_FILES) --fix
+	pnpm exec vue-tsc

 .PHONY: lint-css
 lint-css: node_modules ## lint css files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES)
+	pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES)

 .PHONY: lint-css-fix
 lint-css-fix: node_modules ## lint css files and fix issues
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES) --fix
+	pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES) --fix

 .PHONY: lint-swagger
 lint-swagger: node_modules ## lint swagger files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec spectral lint -q -F hint $(SWAGGER_SPEC)
+	pnpm exec spectral lint -q -F hint $(SWAGGER_SPEC)

 .PHONY: lint-md
 lint-md: node_modules ## lint markdown files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec markdownlint *.md
+	pnpm exec markdownlint *.md

 .PHONY: lint-md-fix
 lint-md-fix: node_modules ## lint markdown files and fix issues
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec markdownlint --fix *.md
+	pnpm exec markdownlint --fix *.md

 .PHONY: lint-spell
 lint-spell: ## lint spelling
-	@go run $(MISSPELL_PACKAGE) -dict assets/misspellings.csv -error $(SPELLCHECK_FILES)
+	@git ls-files $(SPELLCHECK_FILES) | xargs go run $(MISSPELL_PACKAGE) -dict assets/misspellings.csv -error

 .PHONY: lint-spell-fix
 lint-spell-fix: ## lint spelling and fix issues
-	@go run $(MISSPELL_PACKAGE) -dict assets/misspellings.csv -w $(SPELLCHECK_FILES)
+	@git ls-files $(SPELLCHECK_FILES) | xargs go run $(MISSPELL_PACKAGE) -dict assets/misspellings.csv -w

 .PHONY: lint-go
 lint-go: ## lint go files
@@ -393,20 +361,19 @@ lint-yaml: .venv ## lint yaml files

 .PHONY: lint-json
 lint-json: node_modules ## lint json files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0
+	pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY)

 .PHONY: lint-json-fix
 lint-json-fix: node_modules ## lint and fix json files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --fix
+	pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) --fix

 .PHONY: watch
 watch: ## watch everything and continuously rebuild
 	@bash tools/watch.sh

 .PHONY: watch-frontend
-watch-frontend: node_modules ## watch frontend files and continuously rebuild
-	@rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES)
-	NODE_ENV=development $(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec webpack --watch --progress --disable-interpret
+watch-frontend: node_modules ## start vite dev server for frontend
+	NODE_ENV=development pnpm exec vite --logLevel $(FRONTEND_DEV_LOG_LEVEL)

 .PHONY: watch-backend
 watch-backend: ## watch backend files and continuously rebuild
@@ -422,7 +389,7 @@ test-backend: ## test backend files

 .PHONY: test-frontend
 test-frontend: node_modules ## test frontend files
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vitest
+	pnpm exec vitest

 .PHONY: test-check
 test-check:
@@ -475,16 +442,11 @@ tidy-check: tidy
 go-licenses: $(GO_LICENSE_FILE) ## regenerate go licenses

 $(GO_LICENSE_FILE): go.mod go.sum
-	@rm -rf $(GO_LICENSE_FILE)
-	$(GO) install $(GO_LICENSES_PACKAGE)
-	-GOOS=linux CGO_ENABLED=1 go-licenses save . --force --save_path=$(GO_LICENSE_TMP_DIR) 2>/dev/null
-	$(GO) run build/generate-go-licenses.go $(GO_LICENSE_TMP_DIR) $(GO_LICENSE_FILE)
-	@rm -rf $(GO_LICENSE_TMP_DIR)
+	GO=$(GO) $(GO) run build/generate-go-licenses.go $(GO_LICENSE_FILE)

 generate-ini-sqlite:
-	sed -e 's|{{REPO_TEST_DIR}}|${REPO_TEST_DIR}|g' \
+	sed -e 's|{{WORK_PATH}}|$(CURDIR)/tests/$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)/gitea-$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)-sqlite|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_LOGGER}}|$(or $(TEST_LOGGER),test$(COMMA)file)|g' \
-		-e 's|{{TEST_TYPE}}|$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)|g' \
 			tests/sqlite.ini.tmpl > tests/sqlite.ini

 .PHONY: test-sqlite
@@ -503,9 +465,8 @@ generate-ini-mysql:
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MYSQL_DBNAME}}|${TEST_MYSQL_DBNAME}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MYSQL_USERNAME}}|${TEST_MYSQL_USERNAME}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MYSQL_PASSWORD}}|${TEST_MYSQL_PASSWORD}|g' \
-		-e 's|{{REPO_TEST_DIR}}|${REPO_TEST_DIR}|g' \
+		-e 's|{{WORK_PATH}}|$(CURDIR)/tests/$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)/gitea-$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)-mysql|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_LOGGER}}|$(or $(TEST_LOGGER),test$(COMMA)file)|g' \
-		-e 's|{{TEST_TYPE}}|$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)|g' \
 			tests/mysql.ini.tmpl > tests/mysql.ini

 .PHONY: test-mysql
@@ -526,9 +487,8 @@ generate-ini-pgsql:
 		-e 's|{{TEST_PGSQL_PASSWORD}}|${TEST_PGSQL_PASSWORD}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_PGSQL_SCHEMA}}|${TEST_PGSQL_SCHEMA}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MINIO_ENDPOINT}}|${TEST_MINIO_ENDPOINT}|g' \
-		-e 's|{{REPO_TEST_DIR}}|${REPO_TEST_DIR}|g' \
+		-e 's|{{WORK_PATH}}|$(CURDIR)/tests/$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)/gitea-$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)-pgsql|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_LOGGER}}|$(or $(TEST_LOGGER),test$(COMMA)file)|g' \
-		-e 's|{{TEST_TYPE}}|$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)|g' \
 			tests/pgsql.ini.tmpl > tests/pgsql.ini

 .PHONY: test-pgsql
@@ -547,9 +507,8 @@ generate-ini-mssql:
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MSSQL_DBNAME}}|${TEST_MSSQL_DBNAME}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MSSQL_USERNAME}}|${TEST_MSSQL_USERNAME}|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_MSSQL_PASSWORD}}|${TEST_MSSQL_PASSWORD}|g' \
-		-e 's|{{REPO_TEST_DIR}}|${REPO_TEST_DIR}|g' \
+		-e 's|{{WORK_PATH}}|$(CURDIR)/tests/$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)/gitea-$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)-mssql|g' \
 		-e 's|{{TEST_LOGGER}}|$(or $(TEST_LOGGER),test$(COMMA)file)|g' \
-		-e 's|{{TEST_TYPE}}|$(or $(TEST_TYPE),integration)|g' \
 			tests/mssql.ini.tmpl > tests/mssql.ini

 .PHONY: test-mssql
@@ -565,47 +524,12 @@ test-mssql-migration: migrations.mssql.test migrations.individual.mssql.test

 .PHONY: playwright
 playwright: deps-frontend
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec playwright install $(PLAYWRIGHT_FLAGS)
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e%
-test-e2e%: TEST_TYPE ?= e2e
-	# Clear display env variable. Otherwise, chromium tests can fail.
-	DISPLAY=
+	@# on GitHub Actions VMs, playwright's system deps are pre-installed
+	@pnpm exec playwright install $(if $(GITHUB_ACTIONS),,--with-deps) chromium firefox $(PLAYWRIGHT_FLAGS)

 .PHONY: test-e2e
-test-e2e: test-e2e-sqlite
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-sqlite
-test-e2e-sqlite: playwright e2e.sqlite.test generate-ini-sqlite
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/sqlite.ini ./e2e.sqlite.test
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-sqlite\#%
-test-e2e-sqlite\#%: playwright e2e.sqlite.test generate-ini-sqlite
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/sqlite.ini ./e2e.sqlite.test -test.run TestE2e/$*
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-mysql
-test-e2e-mysql: playwright e2e.mysql.test generate-ini-mysql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/mysql.ini ./e2e.mysql.test
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-mysql\#%
-test-e2e-mysql\#%: playwright e2e.mysql.test generate-ini-mysql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/mysql.ini ./e2e.mysql.test -test.run TestE2e/$*
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-pgsql
-test-e2e-pgsql: playwright e2e.pgsql.test generate-ini-pgsql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/pgsql.ini ./e2e.pgsql.test
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-pgsql\#%
-test-e2e-pgsql\#%: playwright e2e.pgsql.test generate-ini-pgsql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/pgsql.ini ./e2e.pgsql.test -test.run TestE2e/$*
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-mssql
-test-e2e-mssql: playwright e2e.mssql.test generate-ini-mssql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/mssql.ini ./e2e.mssql.test
-
-.PHONY: test-e2e-mssql\#%
-test-e2e-mssql\#%: playwright e2e.mssql.test generate-ini-mssql
-	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/mssql.ini ./e2e.mssql.test -test.run TestE2e/$*
+test-e2e: playwright $(EXECUTABLE_E2E)
+	@EXECUTABLE=$(EXECUTABLE_E2E) ./tools/test-e2e.sh $(GITEA_TEST_E2E_FLAGS)

 .PHONY: bench-sqlite
 bench-sqlite: integrations.sqlite.test generate-ini-sqlite
@@ -670,7 +594,7 @@ migrations.sqlite.test: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-sqlite
 	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/sqlite.ini ./migrations.sqlite.test

 .PHONY: migrations.individual.mysql.test
-migrations.individual.mysql.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
+migrations.individual.mysql.test: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-mysql
 	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/mysql.ini $(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -tags='$(TEST_TAGS)' -p 1 $(MIGRATE_TEST_PACKAGES)

 .PHONY: migrations.individual.sqlite.test\#%
@@ -678,7 +602,7 @@ migrations.individual.sqlite.test\#%: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-sqlite
 	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/sqlite.ini $(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -tags '$(TEST_TAGS)' code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/$*

 .PHONY: migrations.individual.pgsql.test
-migrations.individual.pgsql.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
+migrations.individual.pgsql.test: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-pgsql
 	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/pgsql.ini $(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -tags='$(TEST_TAGS)' -p 1 $(MIGRATE_TEST_PACKAGES)

 .PHONY: migrations.individual.pgsql.test\#%
@@ -701,18 +625,6 @@ migrations.individual.sqlite.test: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-sqlite
 migrations.individual.sqlite.test\#%: $(GO_SOURCES) generate-ini-sqlite
 	GITEA_TEST_CONF=tests/sqlite.ini $(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -tags '$(TEST_TAGS)' code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/$*

-e2e.mysql.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
-	$(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -c code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/e2e -o e2e.mysql.test
-
-e2e.pgsql.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
-	$(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -c code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/e2e -o e2e.pgsql.test
-
-e2e.mssql.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
-	$(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -c code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/e2e -o e2e.mssql.test
-
-e2e.sqlite.test: $(GO_SOURCES)
-	$(GO) test $(GOTESTFLAGS) -c code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/e2e -o e2e.sqlite.test -tags '$(TEST_TAGS)'
-
 .PHONY: check
 check: test

@@ -724,7 +636,7 @@ install: $(wildcard *.go)
 build: frontend backend ## build everything

 .PHONY: frontend
-frontend: $(WEBPACK_DEST) ## build frontend files
+frontend: $(FRONTEND_DEST) ## build frontend files

 .PHONY: backend
 backend: generate-backend $(EXECUTABLE) ## build backend files
@@ -743,7 +655,7 @@ generate-go: $(TAGS_PREREQ)

 .PHONY: security-check
 security-check:
-	GOEXPERIMENT= go run $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) -show color ./...
+	GOEXPERIMENT= go run $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) -show color ./... || true

 $(EXECUTABLE): $(GO_SOURCES) $(TAGS_PREREQ)
 ifneq ($(and $(STATIC),$(findstring pam,$(TAGS))),)
@@ -751,6 +663,9 @@ ifneq ($(and $(STATIC),$(findstring pam,$(TAGS))),)
 endif
 	CGO_ENABLED="$(CGO_ENABLED)" CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) $(EXTRA_GOFLAGS) -tags '$(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(EXTLDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)' -o $@

+$(EXECUTABLE_E2E): $(GO_SOURCES) $(FRONTEND_DEST)
+	CGO_ENABLED=1 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) $(EXTRA_GOFLAGS) -tags '$(TEST_TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(EXTLDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)' -o $@
+
 .PHONY: release
 release: frontend generate release-windows release-linux release-darwin release-freebsd release-copy release-compress vendor release-sources release-check

@@ -821,13 +736,12 @@ deps-tools: ## install tool dependencies
 	$(GO) install $(MISSPELL_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(SWAGGER_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(XGO_PACKAGE) & \
-	$(GO) install $(GO_LICENSES_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(GOVULNCHECK_PACKAGE) & \
 	$(GO) install $(ACTIONLINT_PACKAGE) & \
 	wait

 node_modules: pnpm-lock.yaml
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+	pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 	@touch node_modules

 .venv: uv.lock
@@ -835,33 +749,38 @@ node_modules: pnpm-lock.yaml
 	@touch .venv

 .PHONY: update
-update: update-js update-py ## update js and py dependencies
+update: update-go update-js update-py ## update dependencies
+
+.PHONY: update-go
+update-go: ## update go dependencies
+	$(GO) get -u ./...
+	$(MAKE) tidy

 .PHONY: update-js
 update-js: node_modules ## update js dependencies
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec updates -u -f package.json
+	pnpm exec updates -u -f package.json
 	rm -rf node_modules pnpm-lock.yaml
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec nolyfill install
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install
+	pnpm install
+	pnpm exec nolyfill install
+	pnpm install
 	@touch node_modules

 .PHONY: update-py
 update-py: node_modules ## update py dependencies
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec updates -u -f pyproject.toml
+	pnpm exec updates -u -f pyproject.toml
 	rm -rf .venv uv.lock
 	uv sync
 	@touch .venv

-.PHONY: webpack
-webpack: $(WEBPACK_DEST) ## build webpack files
+.PHONY: vite
+vite: $(FRONTEND_DEST) ## build vite files

-$(WEBPACK_DEST): $(WEBPACK_SOURCES) $(WEBPACK_CONFIGS) pnpm-lock.yaml
+$(FRONTEND_DEST): $(FRONTEND_SOURCES) $(FRONTEND_CONFIGS) pnpm-lock.yaml
 	@$(MAKE) -s node_modules
-	@rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES)
-	@echo "Running webpack..."
-	@BROWSERSLIST_IGNORE_OLD_DATA=true $(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec webpack --disable-interpret
-	@touch $(WEBPACK_DEST)
+	@rm -rf $(FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES)
+	@echo "Running vite build..."
+	@pnpm exec vite build
+	@touch $(FRONTEND_DEST)

 .PHONY: svg
 svg: node_modules ## build svg files
@@ -880,7 +799,7 @@ svg-check: svg

 .PHONY: lockfile-check
 lockfile-check:
-	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+	pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 	@diff=$$(git diff --color=always pnpm-lock.yaml); \
 	if [ -n "$$diff" ]; then \
 		echo "pnpm-lock.yaml is inconsistent with package.json"; \
@@ -910,9 +829,6 @@ docker:
 	docker build --disable-content-trust=false -t $(DOCKER_REF) .
 # support also build args docker build --build-arg GITEA_VERSION=v1.2.3 --build-arg TAGS="bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"  .

-# This endif closes the if at the top of the file
-endif
-
 # Disable parallel execution because it would break some targets that don't
 # specify exact dependencies like 'backend' which does currently not depend
 # on 'frontend' to enable Node.js-less builds from source tarballs.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
-[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md) | [简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
--- a/README.zh-cn.md
+++ b/README.zh-cn.md
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
-[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [English](./README.md) | [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md)
--- a/README.zh-tw.md
+++ b/README.zh-tw.md
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
-[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [English](./README.md) | [简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
--- a/assets/emoji.json
+++ b/assets/emoji.json
--- a/assets/go-licenses.json
+++ b/assets/go-licenses.json
--- a/build/backport-locales.go
+++ b/build/backport-locales.go
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-//go:build ignore
-
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"os/exec"
-	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
-)
-
-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
-		println("usage: backport-locales <to-ref>")
-		println("eg: backport-locales release/v1.19")
-		os.Exit(1)
-	}
-
-	mustNoErr := func(err error) {
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
-		}
-	}
-	collectInis := func(ref string) map[string]setting.ConfigProvider {
-		inis := map[string]setting.ConfigProvider{}
-		err := filepath.WalkDir("options/locale", func(path string, d os.DirEntry, err error) error {
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if d.IsDir() || !strings.HasSuffix(d.Name(), ".ini") {
-				return nil
-			}
-			cfg, err := setting.NewConfigProviderForLocale(path)
-			mustNoErr(err)
-			inis[path] = cfg
-			fmt.Printf("collecting: %s @ %s\n", path, ref)
-			return nil
-		})
-		mustNoErr(err)
-		return inis
-	}
-
-	// collect new locales from current working directory
-	inisNew := collectInis("HEAD")
-
-	// switch to the target ref, and collect the old locales
-	cmd := exec.Command("git", "checkout", os.Args[1])
-	cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
-	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
-	mustNoErr(cmd.Run())
-	inisOld := collectInis(os.Args[1])
-
-	// use old en-US as the base, and copy the new translations to the old locales
-	enUsOld := inisOld["options/locale/locale_en-US.ini"]
-	brokenWarned := make(container.Set[string])
-	for path, iniOld := range inisOld {
-		if iniOld == enUsOld {
-			continue
-		}
-		iniNew := inisNew[path]
-		if iniNew == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		for _, secEnUS := range enUsOld.Sections() {
-			secOld := iniOld.Section(secEnUS.Name())
-			secNew := iniNew.Section(secEnUS.Name())
-			for _, keyEnUs := range secEnUS.Keys() {
-				if secNew.HasKey(keyEnUs.Name()) {
-					oldStr := secOld.Key(keyEnUs.Name()).String()
-					newStr := secNew.Key(keyEnUs.Name()).String()
-					broken := oldStr != "" && strings.Count(oldStr, "%") != strings.Count(newStr, "%")
-					broken = broken || strings.Contains(oldStr, "\n") || strings.Contains(oldStr, "\n")
-					if broken {
-						brokenWarned.Add(secOld.Name() + "." + keyEnUs.Name())
-						fmt.Println("----")
-						fmt.Printf("WARNING: skip broken locale: %s , [%s] %s\n", path, secEnUS.Name(), keyEnUs.Name())
-						fmt.Printf("\told: %s\n", strings.ReplaceAll(oldStr, "\n", "\\n"))
-						fmt.Printf("\tnew: %s\n", strings.ReplaceAll(newStr, "\n", "\\n"))
-						continue
-					}
-					secOld.Key(keyEnUs.Name()).SetValue(newStr)
-				}
-			}
-		}
-		mustNoErr(iniOld.SaveTo(path))
-	}
-
-	fmt.Println("========")
-
-	for path, iniNew := range inisNew {
-		for _, sec := range iniNew.Sections() {
-			for _, key := range sec.Keys() {
-				str := sec.Key(key.Name()).String()
-				broken := strings.Contains(str, "\n")
-				broken = broken || strings.HasPrefix(str, "`") != strings.HasSuffix(str, "`")
-				broken = broken || strings.HasPrefix(str, "\"`")
-				broken = broken || strings.HasPrefix(str, "`\"")
-				broken = broken || strings.Count(str, `"`)%2 == 1
-				broken = broken || strings.Count(str, "`")%2 == 1
-				if broken && !brokenWarned.Contains(sec.Name()+"."+key.Name()) {
-					fmt.Printf("WARNING: found broken locale: %s , [%s] %s\n", path, sec.Name(), key.Name())
-					fmt.Printf("\tstr: %s\n", strings.ReplaceAll(str, "\n", "\\n"))
-					fmt.Println("----")
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
--- a/build/generate-emoji.go
+++ b/build/generate-emoji.go
@@ -24,8 +24,8 @@ import (
 )

 const (
-	gemojiURL         = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/github/gemoji/master/db/emoji.json"
-	maxUnicodeVersion = 15
+	gemojiURL         = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/rhysd/gemoji/537ff2d7e0496e9964824f7f73ec7ece88c9765a/db/emoji.json"
+	maxUnicodeVersion = 16
 )

 var flagOut = flag.String("o", "modules/emoji/emoji_data.go", "out")
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ func generate() ([]byte, error) {
 	}

 	// write a JSON file to use with tribute (write before adding skin tones since we can't support them there yet)
-	file, _ := json.Marshal(data)
-	_ = os.WriteFile("assets/emoji.json", file, 0o644)
+	file, _ := json.MarshalIndent(data, "", "  ")
+	_ = os.WriteFile("assets/emoji.json", append(file, '\n'), 0o644)

 	// Add skin tones to emoji that support it
 	var (
--- a/build/generate-go-licenses.go
+++ b/build/generate-go-licenses.go
@@ -8,99 +8,219 @@ package main
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
-	"io/fs"
 	"os"
-	"path"
+	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
+	"slices"
 	"sort"
 	"strings"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
 )

 // regexp is based on go-license, excluding README and NOTICE
 // https://github.com/google/go-licenses/blob/master/licenses/find.go
 var licenseRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?i)((UN)?LICEN(S|C)E|COPYING).*$`)

+// primaryLicenseRe matches exact primary license filenames without suffixes.
+// When a directory has both primary and variant files (e.g. LICENSE and
+// LICENSE.docs), only the primary files are kept.
+var primaryLicenseRe = regexp.MustCompile(`^(?i)(LICEN[SC]E|COPYING)$`)
+
+// ignoredNames are LicenseEntry.Name values to exclude from the output.
+var ignoredNames = map[string]bool{
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea":                 true,
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/options/license": true,
+}
+
+var excludedExt = map[string]bool{
+	".gitignore": true,
+	".go":        true,
+	".mod":       true,
+	".sum":       true,
+	".toml":      true,
+	".yaml":      true,
+	".yml":       true,
+}
+
+type ModuleInfo struct {
+	Path    string
+	Dir     string
+	PkgDirs []string // directories of packages imported from this module
+}
+
 type LicenseEntry struct {
 	Name        string `json:"name"`
 	Path        string `json:"path"`
 	LicenseText string `json:"licenseText"`
 }

-func main() {
-	if len(os.Args) != 3 {
-		fmt.Println("usage: go run generate-go-licenses.go <base-dir> <out-json-file>")
+// getModules returns all dependency modules with their local directory paths
+// and the package directories used from each module.
+func getModules(goCmd string) []ModuleInfo {
+	cmd := exec.Command(goCmd, "list", "-deps", "-f",
+		"{{if .Module}}{{.Module.Path}}\t{{.Module.Dir}}\t{{.Dir}}{{end}}", "./...")
+	cmd.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	// Use GOOS=linux with CGO to ensure we capture all platform-specific
+	// dependencies, matching the CI environment.
+	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), "GOOS=linux", "GOARCH=amd64", "CGO_ENABLED=1")
+	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "failed to run 'go list -deps': %v\n", err)
 		os.Exit(1)
 	}

-	base, out := os.Args[1], os.Args[2]
-
-	// Add ext for excluded files because license_test.go will be included for some reason.
-	// And there are more files that should be excluded, check with:
-	//
-	// go run github.com/google/go-licenses@v1.6.0 save . --force --save_path=.go-licenses 2>/dev/null
-	// find .go-licenses -type f | while read FILE; do echo "${$(basename $FILE)##*.}"; done | sort -u
-	//    AUTHORS
-	//    COPYING
-	//    LICENSE
-	//    Makefile
-	//    NOTICE
-	//    gitignore
-	//    go
-	//    md
-	//    mod
-	//    sum
-	//    toml
-	//    txt
-	//    yml
-	//
-	// It could be removed once we have a better regex.
-	excludedExt := container.SetOf(".gitignore", ".go", ".mod", ".sum", ".toml", ".yml")
-
-	var paths []string
-	err := filepath.WalkDir(base, func(path string, entry fs.DirEntry, err error) error {
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
+	var modules []ModuleInfo
+	seen := make(map[string]int) // module path -> index in modules
+	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(output), "\n") {
+		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
+		if line == "" {
+			continue
 		}
-		if entry.IsDir() || !licenseRe.MatchString(entry.Name()) || excludedExt.Contains(filepath.Ext(entry.Name())) {
-			return nil
+		parts := strings.Split(line, "\t")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			continue
 		}
-		paths = append(paths, path)
-		return nil
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
+		modPath, modDir, pkgDir := parts[0], parts[1], parts[2]
+		if idx, ok := seen[modPath]; ok {
+			modules[idx].PkgDirs = append(modules[idx].PkgDirs, pkgDir)
+		} else {
+			seen[modPath] = len(modules)
+			modules = append(modules, ModuleInfo{
+				Path:    modPath,
+				Dir:     modDir,
+				PkgDirs: []string{pkgDir},
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	return modules
+}
+
+// findLicenseFiles scans a module's root directory and its used package
+// directories for license files. It also walks up from each package directory
+// to the module root, scanning intermediate directories. Subdirectory licenses
+// are only included if their text differs from the root license(s).
+func findLicenseFiles(mod ModuleInfo) []LicenseEntry {
+	var entries []LicenseEntry
+	seenTexts := make(map[string]bool)
+
+	// First, collect root-level license files.
+	entries = append(entries, scanDirForLicenses(mod.Dir, mod.Path, "")...)
+	for _, e := range entries {
+		seenTexts[e.LicenseText] = true
 	}

-	sort.Strings(paths)
+	// Then check each package directory and all intermediate parent directories
+	// up to the module root for license files with unique text.
+	seenDirs := map[string]bool{mod.Dir: true}
+	for _, pkgDir := range mod.PkgDirs {
+		for dir := pkgDir; dir != mod.Dir && strings.HasPrefix(dir, mod.Dir); dir = filepath.Dir(dir) {
+			if seenDirs[dir] {
+				continue
+			}
+			seenDirs[dir] = true
+			for _, e := range scanDirForLicenses(dir, mod.Path, mod.Dir) {
+				if !seenTexts[e.LicenseText] {
+					seenTexts[e.LicenseText] = true
+					entries = append(entries, e)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return entries
+}
+
+// scanDirForLicenses reads a single directory for license files and returns entries.
+// If moduleRoot is non-empty, paths are made relative to it.
+func scanDirForLicenses(dir, modulePath, moduleRoot string) []LicenseEntry {
+	dirEntries, err := os.ReadDir(dir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil
+	}

 	var entries []LicenseEntry
-	for _, filePath := range paths {
-		licenseText, err := os.ReadFile(filePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			panic(err)
+	for _, entry := range dirEntries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
 		}
-
-		pkgPath := filepath.ToSlash(filePath)
-		pkgPath = strings.TrimPrefix(pkgPath, base+"/")
-		pkgName := path.Dir(pkgPath)
-
-		// There might be a bug somewhere in go-licenses that sometimes interprets the
-		// root package as "." and sometimes as "code.gitea.io/gitea". Workaround by
-		// removing both of them for the sake of stable output.
-		if pkgName == "." || pkgName == "code.gitea.io/gitea" {
+		name := entry.Name()
+		if !licenseRe.MatchString(name) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if excludedExt[strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(name))] {
 			continue
 		}

+		content, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, name))
+		if err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		entryName := modulePath
+		entryPath := modulePath + "/" + name
+		if moduleRoot != "" {
+			rel, _ := filepath.Rel(moduleRoot, dir)
+			if rel != "." {
+				relSlash := filepath.ToSlash(rel)
+				entryName = modulePath + "/" + relSlash
+				entryPath = modulePath + "/" + relSlash + "/" + name
+			}
+		}
+
 		entries = append(entries, LicenseEntry{
-			Name:        pkgName,
-			Path:        pkgPath,
-			LicenseText: string(licenseText),
+			Name:        entryName,
+			Path:        entryPath,
+			LicenseText: string(content),
 		})
 	}

+	// When multiple license files exist, prefer primary files (e.g. LICENSE)
+	// over variants with suffixes (e.g. LICENSE.docs, LICENSE-2.0.txt).
+	// If no primary file exists, keep only the first variant.
+	if len(entries) > 1 {
+		var primary []LicenseEntry
+		for _, e := range entries {
+			fileName := e.Path[strings.LastIndex(e.Path, "/")+1:]
+			if primaryLicenseRe.MatchString(fileName) {
+				primary = append(primary, e)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(primary) > 0 {
+			return primary
+		}
+		return entries[:1]
+	}
+
+	return entries
+}
+
+func main() {
+	if len(os.Args) != 2 {
+		fmt.Println("usage: go run generate-go-licenses.go <out-json-file>")
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}
+
+	out := os.Args[1]
+
+	goCmd := "go"
+	if env := os.Getenv("GO"); env != "" {
+		goCmd = env
+	}
+
+	modules := getModules(goCmd)
+
+	var entries []LicenseEntry
+	for _, mod := range modules {
+		entries = append(entries, findLicenseFiles(mod)...)
+	}
+
+	entries = slices.DeleteFunc(entries, func(e LicenseEntry) bool {
+		return ignoredNames[e.Name]
+	})
+
+	sort.Slice(entries, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return entries[i].Path < entries[j].Path
+	})
+
 	jsonBytes, err := json.MarshalIndent(entries, "", "  ")
 	if err != nil {
 		panic(err)
--- a/cmd/actions.go
+++ b/cmd/actions.go
@@ -13,17 +13,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	// CmdActions represents the available actions sub-commands.
-	CmdActions = &cli.Command{
+func newActionsCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "actions",
 		Usage: "Manage Gitea Actions",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdActionsGenRunnerToken,
+			newActionsGenerateRunnerTokenCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdActionsGenRunnerToken = &cli.Command{
+func newActionsGenerateRunnerTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:    "generate-runner-token",
 		Usage:   "Generate a new token for a runner to use to register with the server",
 		Action:  runGenerateActionsRunnerToken,
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 func runGenerateActionsRunnerToken(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setting.MustInstalled()
--- a/cmd/admin.go
+++ b/cmd/admin.go
@@ -18,36 +18,41 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	// CmdAdmin represents the available admin sub-command.
-	CmdAdmin = &cli.Command{
+func newAdminCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "admin",
 		Usage: "Perform common administrative operations",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdUser,
-			subcmdRepoSyncReleases,
-			subcmdRegenerate,
-			subcmdAuth,
-			subcmdSendMail,
+			newUserCommand(),
+			newRepoSyncReleasesCommand(),
+			newRegenerateCommand(),
+			newAuthCommand(),
+			newSendMailCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdRepoSyncReleases = &cli.Command{
+func newRepoSyncReleasesCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "repo-sync-releases",
 		Usage:  "Synchronize repository releases with tags",
 		Action: runRepoSyncReleases,
 	}
+}

-	subcmdRegenerate = &cli.Command{
+func newRegenerateCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "regenerate",
 		Usage: "Regenerate specific files",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			microcmdRegenHooks,
-			microcmdRegenKeys,
+			newRegenerateHooksCommand(),
+			newRegenerateKeysCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdAuth = &cli.Command{
+func newAuthCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "auth",
 		Usage: "Modify external auth providers",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
@@ -59,12 +64,14 @@ var (
 			microcmdAuthUpdateLdapSimpleAuth(),
 			microcmdAuthAddSMTP(),
 			microcmdAuthUpdateSMTP(),
-			microcmdAuthList,
-			microcmdAuthDelete,
+			newAuthListCommand(),
+			newAuthDeleteCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdSendMail = &cli.Command{
+func newSendMailCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "sendmail",
 		Usage:  "Send a message to all users",
 		Action: runSendMail,
@@ -86,7 +93,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 func idFlag() *cli.Int64Flag {
 	return &cli.Int64Flag{
@@ -134,7 +141,7 @@ func runRepoSyncReleases(ctx context.Context, _ *cli.Command) error {
 			}
 			log.Trace(" currentNumReleases is %d, running SyncReleasesWithTags", oldnum)

-			if err = repo_module.SyncReleasesWithTags(ctx, repo, gitRepo); err != nil {
+			if _, err = repo_module.SyncReleasesWithTags(ctx, repo, gitRepo); err != nil {
 				log.Warn(" SyncReleasesWithTags: %v", err)
 				gitRepo.Close()
 				continue
--- a/cmd/admin_auth.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_auth.go
@@ -17,14 +17,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	microcmdAuthDelete = &cli.Command{
+func newAuthDeleteCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "delete",
 		Usage:  "Delete specific auth source",
 		Flags:  []cli.Flag{idFlag()},
 		Action: runDeleteAuth,
 	}
-	microcmdAuthList = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newAuthListCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "list",
 		Usage:  "List auth sources",
 		Action: runListAuth,
@@ -55,7 +58,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 func runListAuth(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	if err := initDB(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/admin_regenerate.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_regenerate.go
@@ -13,19 +13,21 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	microcmdRegenHooks = &cli.Command{
+func newRegenerateHooksCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "hooks",
 		Usage:  "Regenerate git-hooks",
 		Action: runRegenerateHooks,
 	}
+}

-	microcmdRegenKeys = &cli.Command{
+func newRegenerateKeysCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "keys",
 		Usage:  "Regenerate authorized_keys file",
 		Action: runRegenerateKeys,
 	}
-)
+}

 func runRegenerateHooks(ctx context.Context, _ *cli.Command) error {
 	if err := initDB(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/admin_user.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user.go
@@ -7,15 +7,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var subcmdUser = &cli.Command{
-	Name:  "user",
-	Usage: "Modify users",
-	Commands: []*cli.Command{
-		microcmdUserCreate(),
-		microcmdUserList,
-		microcmdUserChangePassword(),
-		microcmdUserDelete(),
-		microcmdUserGenerateAccessToken,
-		microcmdUserMustChangePassword(),
-	},
+func newUserCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:  "user",
+		Usage: "Modify users",
+		Commands: []*cli.Command{
+			microcmdUserCreate(),
+			newUserListCommand(),
+			microcmdUserChangePassword(),
+			microcmdUserDelete(),
+			newUserGenerateAccessTokenCommand(),
+			microcmdUserMustChangePassword(),
+		},
+	}
 }
--- a/cmd/admin_user_generate_access_token.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user_generate_access_token.go
@@ -14,32 +14,34 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var microcmdUserGenerateAccessToken = &cli.Command{
-	Name:  "generate-access-token",
-	Usage: "Generate an access token for a specific user",
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "username",
-			Aliases: []string{"u"},
-			Usage:   "Username",
+func newUserGenerateAccessTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:  "generate-access-token",
+		Usage: "Generate an access token for a specific user",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "username",
+				Aliases: []string{"u"},
+				Usage:   "Username",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "token-name",
+				Aliases: []string{"t"},
+				Usage:   "Token name",
+				Value:   "gitea-admin",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "raw",
+				Usage: "Display only the token value",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "scopes",
+				Value: "all",
+				Usage: `Comma separated list of scopes to apply to access token, examples: "all", "public-only,read:issue", "write:repository,write:user"`,
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "token-name",
-			Aliases: []string{"t"},
-			Usage:   "Token name",
-			Value:   "gitea-admin",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "raw",
-			Usage: "Display only the token value",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "scopes",
-			Value: "all",
-			Usage: `Comma separated list of scopes to apply to access token, examples: "all", "public-only,read:issue", "write:repository,write:user"`,
-		},
-	},
-	Action: runGenerateAccessToken,
+		Action: runGenerateAccessToken,
+	}
 }

 func runGenerateAccessToken(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/admin_user_list.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user_list.go
@@ -14,16 +14,18 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var microcmdUserList = &cli.Command{
-	Name:   "list",
-	Usage:  "List users",
-	Action: runListUsers,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "admin",
-			Usage: "List only admin users",
+func newUserListCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:   "list",
+		Usage:  "List users",
+		Action: runListUsers,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "admin",
+				Usage: "List only admin users",
+			},
 		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runListUsers(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/docs.go
+++ b/cmd/docs.go
@@ -13,23 +13,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdDocs represents the available docs sub-command.
-var CmdDocs = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "docs",
-	Usage:       "Output CLI documentation",
-	Description: "A command to output Gitea's CLI documentation, optionally to a file.",
-	Action:      runDocs,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "man",
-			Usage: "Output man pages instead",
+func newDocsCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "docs",
+		Usage:       "Output CLI documentation",
+		Description: "A command to output Gitea's CLI documentation, optionally to a file.",
+		Action:      runDocs,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "man",
+				Usage: "Output man pages instead",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "output",
+				Aliases: []string{"o"},
+				Usage:   "Path to output to instead of stdout (will overwrite if exists)",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "output",
-			Aliases: []string{"o"},
-			Usage:   "Path to output to instead of stdout (will overwrite if exists)",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runDocs(_ context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor.go
@@ -24,73 +24,77 @@ import (
 	"xorm.io/xorm"
 )

-// CmdDoctor represents the available doctor sub-command.
-var CmdDoctor = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "doctor",
-	Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems, convert or re-create database tables",
-	Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
-
-	Commands: []*cli.Command{
-		cmdDoctorCheck,
-		cmdRecreateTable,
-		cmdDoctorConvert,
-	},
+func newDoctorCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "doctor",
+		Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems, convert or re-create database tables",
+		Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
+		Commands: []*cli.Command{
+			newDoctorCheckCommand(),
+			newRecreateTableCommand(),
+			newDoctorConvertCommand(),
+		},
+	}
 }

-var cmdDoctorCheck = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "check",
-	Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems",
-	Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
-	Action:      runDoctorCheck,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "list",
-			Usage: "List the available checks",
+func newDoctorCheckCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "check",
+		Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems",
+		Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
+		Action:      runDoctorCheck,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "list",
+				Usage: "List the available checks",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "default",
+				Usage: "Run the default checks (if neither --run or --all is set, this is the default behaviour)",
+			},
+			&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+				Name:  "run",
+				Usage: "Run the provided checks - (if --default is set, the default checks will also run)",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "all",
+				Usage: "Run all the available checks",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "fix",
+				Usage: "Automatically fix what we can",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "log-file",
+				Usage: `Name of the log file (no verbose log output by default). Set to "-" to output to stdout`,
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "color",
+				Aliases: []string{"H"},
+				Usage:   "Use color for outputted information",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "default",
-			Usage: "Run the default checks (if neither --run or --all is set, this is the default behaviour)",
-		},
-		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-			Name:  "run",
-			Usage: "Run the provided checks - (if --default is set, the default checks will also run)",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "all",
-			Usage: "Run all the available checks",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "fix",
-			Usage: "Automatically fix what we can",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "log-file",
-			Usage: `Name of the log file (no verbose log output by default). Set to "-" to output to stdout`,
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "color",
-			Aliases: []string{"H"},
-			Usage:   "Use color for outputted information",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

-var cmdRecreateTable = &cli.Command{
-	Name:      "recreate-table",
-	Usage:     "Recreate tables from XORM definitions and copy the data.",
-	ArgsUsage: "[TABLE]... : (TABLEs to recreate - leave blank for all)",
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "debug",
-			Usage: "Print SQL commands sent",
+func newRecreateTableCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:      "recreate-table",
+		Usage:     "Recreate tables from XORM definitions and copy the data.",
+		ArgsUsage: "[TABLE]... : (TABLEs to recreate - leave blank for all)",
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "debug",
+				Usage: "Print SQL commands sent",
+			},
 		},
-	},
-	Description: `The database definitions Gitea uses change across versions, sometimes changing default values and leaving old unused columns.
+		Description: `The database definitions Gitea uses change across versions, sometimes changing default values and leaving old unused columns.

 This command will cause Xorm to recreate tables, copying over the data and deleting the old table.

 You should back-up your database before doing this and ensure that your database is up-to-date first.`,
-	Action: runRecreateTable,
+		Action: runRecreateTable,
+	}
 }

 func runRecreateTable(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor_convert.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor_convert.go
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// cmdDoctorConvert represents the available convert sub-command.
-var cmdDoctorConvert = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "convert",
-	Usage:       "Convert the database",
-	Description: "A command to convert an existing MySQL database from utf8 to utf8mb4 or MSSQL database from varchar to nvarchar",
-	Action:      runDoctorConvert,
+func newDoctorConvertCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "convert",
+		Usage:       "Convert the database",
+		Description: "A command to convert an existing MySQL database from utf8 to utf8mb4 or MSSQL database from varchar to nvarchar",
+		Action:      runDoctorConvert,
+	}
 }

 func runDoctorConvert(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor_test.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestDoctorRun(t *testing.T) {
 		SkipDatabaseInitialization: true,
 	})
 	app := &cli.Command{
-		Commands: []*cli.Command{cmdDoctorCheck},
+		Commands: []*cli.Command{newDoctorCheckCommand()},
 	}
 	err := app.Run(t.Context(), []string{"./gitea", "check", "--run", "test-check"})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
--- a/cmd/dump.go
+++ b/cmd/dump.go
@@ -23,78 +23,79 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdDump represents the available dump sub-command.
-var CmdDump = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "dump",
-	Usage:       "Dump Gitea files and database",
-	Description: `Dump compresses all related files and database into zip file. It can be used for backup and capture Gitea server image to send to maintainer`,
-	Action:      runDump,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "file",
-			Aliases: []string{"f"},
-			Usage:   `Name of the dump file which will be created, default to "gitea-dump-{time}.zip". Supply '-' for stdout. See type for available types.`,
+func newDumpCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "dump",
+		Usage:       "Dump Gitea files and database",
+		Description: `Dump compresses all related files and database into zip file. It can be used for backup and capture Gitea server image to send to maintainer`,
+		Action:      runDump,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "file",
+				Aliases: []string{"f"},
+				Usage:   `Name of the dump file which will be created, default to "gitea-dump-{time}.zip". Supply '-' for stdout. See type for available types.`,
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "verbose",
+				Aliases: []string{"V"},
+				Usage:   "Show process details",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "quiet",
+				Aliases: []string{"q"},
+				Usage:   "Only display warnings and errors",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "tempdir",
+				Aliases: []string{"t"},
+				Value:   os.TempDir(),
+				Usage:   "Temporary dir path",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "database",
+				Aliases: []string{"d"},
+				Usage:   "Specify the database SQL syntax: sqlite3, mysql, mssql, postgres",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "skip-repository",
+				Aliases: []string{"R"},
+				Usage:   "Skip the repository dumping",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "skip-log",
+				Aliases: []string{"L"},
+				Usage:   "Skip the log dumping",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-custom-dir",
+				Usage: "Skip custom directory",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-lfs-data",
+				Usage: "Skip LFS data",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-attachment-data",
+				Usage: "Skip attachment data",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-package-data",
+				Usage: "Skip package data",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-index",
+				Usage: "Skip bleve index data",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "skip-db",
+				Usage: "Skip database",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "type",
+				Usage: `Dump output format, default to "zip", supported types: ` + strings.Join(dump.SupportedOutputTypes, ", "),
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "verbose",
-			Aliases: []string{"V"},
-			Usage:   "Show process details",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "quiet",
-			Aliases: []string{"q"},
-			Usage:   "Only display warnings and errors",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "tempdir",
-			Aliases: []string{"t"},
-			Value:   os.TempDir(),
-			Usage:   "Temporary dir path",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "database",
-			Aliases: []string{"d"},
-			Usage:   "Specify the database SQL syntax: sqlite3, mysql, mssql, postgres",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "skip-repository",
-			Aliases: []string{"R"},
-			Usage:   "Skip the repository dumping",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "skip-log",
-			Aliases: []string{"L"},
-			Usage:   "Skip the log dumping",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-custom-dir",
-			Usage: "Skip custom directory",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-lfs-data",
-			Usage: "Skip LFS data",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-attachment-data",
-			Usage: "Skip attachment data",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-package-data",
-			Usage: "Skip package data",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-index",
-			Usage: "Skip bleve index data",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "skip-db",
-			Usage: "Skip database",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "type",
-			Usage: `Dump output format, default to "zip", supported types: ` + strings.Join(dump.SupportedOutputTypes, ", "),
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func fatal(format string, args ...any) {
--- a/cmd/dump_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/dump_repo.go
@@ -22,61 +22,62 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdDumpRepository represents the available dump repository sub-command.
-var CmdDumpRepository = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "dump-repo",
-	Usage:       "Dump the repository from git/github/gitea/gitlab",
-	Description: "This is a command for dumping the repository data.",
-	Action:      runDumpRepository,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "git_service",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Git service, git, github, gitea, gitlab. If clone_addr could be recognized, this could be ignored.",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "repo_dir",
-			Aliases: []string{"r"},
-			Value:   "./data",
-			Usage:   "Repository dir path to store the data",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "clone_addr",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The URL will be clone, currently could be a git/github/gitea/gitlab http/https URL",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "auth_username",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The username to visit the clone_addr",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "auth_password",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The password to visit the clone_addr",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "auth_token",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The personal token to visit the clone_addr",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "owner_name",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with owner name if not empty",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "repo_name",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with repository name if not empty",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "units",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: `Which items will be migrated, one or more units should be separated as comma.
+func newDumpRepositoryCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "dump-repo",
+		Usage:       "Dump the repository from git/github/gitea/gitlab",
+		Description: "This is a command for dumping the repository data.",
+		Action:      runDumpRepository,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "git_service",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Git service, git, github, gitea, gitlab. If clone_addr could be recognized, this could be ignored.",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "repo_dir",
+				Aliases: []string{"r"},
+				Value:   "./data",
+				Usage:   "Repository dir path to store the data",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "clone_addr",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The URL will be clone, currently could be a git/github/gitea/gitlab http/https URL",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "auth_username",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The username to visit the clone_addr",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "auth_password",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The password to visit the clone_addr",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "auth_token",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The personal token to visit the clone_addr",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "owner_name",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with owner name if not empty",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "repo_name",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with repository name if not empty",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "units",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: `Which items will be migrated, one or more units should be separated as comma.
 wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
+			},
 		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runDumpRepository(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/embedded.go
+++ b/cmd/embedded.go
@@ -23,20 +23,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdEmbedded represents the available extract sub-command.
-var (
-	CmdEmbedded = &cli.Command{
+var matchedAssetFiles []assetFile
+
+func newEmbeddedCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "embedded",
 		Usage:       "Extract embedded resources",
 		Description: "A command for extracting embedded resources, like templates and images",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdList,
-			subcmdView,
-			subcmdExtract,
+			newEmbeddedListCommand(),
+			newEmbeddedViewCommand(),
+			newEmbeddedExtractCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdList = &cli.Command{
+func newEmbeddedListCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "list",
 		Usage:  "List files matching the given pattern",
 		Action: runList,
@@ -48,8 +51,10 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdView = &cli.Command{
+func newEmbeddedViewCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "view",
 		Usage:  "View a file matching the given pattern",
 		Action: runView,
@@ -61,8 +66,10 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdExtract = &cli.Command{
+func newEmbeddedExtractCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "extract",
 		Usage:  "Extract resources",
 		Action: runExtract,
@@ -91,9 +98,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-
-	matchedAssetFiles []assetFile
-)
+}

 type assetFile struct {
 	fs   *assetfs.LayeredFS
--- a/cmd/generate.go
+++ b/cmd/generate.go
@@ -15,45 +15,52 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	// CmdGenerate represents the available generate sub-command.
-	CmdGenerate = &cli.Command{
+func newGenerateCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "generate",
 		Usage: "Generate Gitea's secrets/keys/tokens",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdSecret,
+			newGenerateSecretCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdSecret = &cli.Command{
+func newGenerateSecretCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "secret",
 		Usage: "Generate a secret token",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			microcmdGenerateInternalToken,
-			microcmdGenerateLfsJwtSecret,
-			microcmdGenerateSecretKey,
+			newGenerateInternalTokenCommand(),
+			newGenerateLfsJWTSecretCommand(),
+			newGenerateSecretKeyCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	microcmdGenerateInternalToken = &cli.Command{
+func newGenerateInternalTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "INTERNAL_TOKEN",
 		Usage:  "Generate a new INTERNAL_TOKEN",
 		Action: runGenerateInternalToken,
 	}
+}

-	microcmdGenerateLfsJwtSecret = &cli.Command{
+func newGenerateLfsJWTSecretCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:    "JWT_SECRET",
 		Aliases: []string{"LFS_JWT_SECRET"},
 		Usage:   "Generate a new JWT_SECRET",
 		Action:  runGenerateLfsJwtSecret,
 	}
+}

-	microcmdGenerateSecretKey = &cli.Command{
+func newGenerateSecretKeyCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "SECRET_KEY",
 		Usage:  "Generate a new SECRET_KEY",
 		Action: runGenerateSecretKey,
 	}
-)
+}

 func runGenerateInternalToken(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	internalToken, err := generate.NewInternalToken()
@@ -71,11 +78,7 @@ func runGenerateInternalToken(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 }

 func runGenerateLfsJwtSecret(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
-	_, jwtSecretBase64, err := generate.NewJwtSecretWithBase64()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
+	_, jwtSecretBase64 := generate.NewJwtSecretWithBase64()
 	fmt.Printf("%s", jwtSecretBase64)

 	if isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) {
--- a/cmd/hook.go
+++ b/cmd/hook.go
@@ -28,23 +28,24 @@ const (
 	hookBatchSize = 500
 )

-var (
-	// CmdHook represents the available hooks sub-command.
-	CmdHook = &cli.Command{
+func newHookCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "hook",
 		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by Git",
 		Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
 		Description: "Delegate commands to corresponding Git hooks",
 		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdHookPreReceive,
-			subcmdHookUpdate,
-			subcmdHookPostReceive,
-			subcmdHookProcReceive,
+			newHookPreReceiveCommand(),
+			newHookUpdateCommand(),
+			newHookPostReceiveCommand(),
+			newHookProcReceiveCommand(),
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdHookPreReceive = &cli.Command{
+func newHookPreReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "pre-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate pre-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -55,7 +56,10 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	subcmdHookUpdate = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newHookUpdateCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "update",
 		Usage:       "Delegate update Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -66,7 +70,10 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	subcmdHookPostReceive = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newHookPostReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "post-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate post-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -77,8 +84,11 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	// Note: new hook since git 2.29
-	subcmdHookProcReceive = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+// Note: new hook since git 2.29
+func newHookProcReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "proc-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate proc-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -89,7 +99,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 type delayWriter struct {
 	internal io.Writer
@@ -194,7 +204,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 	userID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPusherID), 10, 64)
 	prID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPRID), 10, 64)
 	deployKeyID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvDeployKeyID), 10, 64)
-	actionPerm, _ := strconv.Atoi(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvActionPerm))
+	actionsTaskID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvActionsTaskID), 10, 64)

 	hookOptions := private.HookOptions{
 		UserID:                          userID,
@@ -204,7 +214,8 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 		GitPushOptions:                  pushOptions(),
 		PullRequestID:                   prID,
 		DeployKeyID:                     deployKeyID,
-		ActionPerm:                      actionPerm,
+		ActionsTaskID:                   actionsTaskID,
+		IsWiki:                          isWiki,
 	}

 	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(os.Stdin)
@@ -275,6 +286,9 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 			lastline = 0
 		}
 	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		return fail(ctx, "Hook failed: stdin read error", "scanner error: %v", err)
+	}

 	if count > 0 {
 		hookOptions.OldCommitIDs = oldCommitIDs[:count]
@@ -366,6 +380,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 		GitPushOptions:                  pushOptions(),
 		PullRequestID:                   prID,
 		PushTrigger:                     repo_module.PushTrigger(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPushTrigger)),
+		IsWiki:                          isWiki,
 	}
 	oldCommitIDs := make([]string, hookBatchSize)
 	newCommitIDs := make([]string, hookBatchSize)
@@ -413,6 +428,11 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 			count = 0
 		}
 	}
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		_ = dWriter.Close()
+		hookPrintResults(results)
+		return fail(ctx, "Hook failed: stdin read error", "scanner error: %v", err)
+	}

 	if count == 0 {
 		if wasEmpty && masterPushed {
@@ -513,6 +533,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")

 	reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
 	repoUser := os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvRepoUsername)
+	isWiki, _ := strconv.ParseBool(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvRepoIsWiki))
 	repoName := os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvRepoName)
 	pusherID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPusherID), 10, 64)
 	pusherName := os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPusherName)
@@ -590,6 +611,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 		UserName:       pusherName,
 		UserID:         pusherID,
 		GitPushOptions: make(map[string]string),
+		IsWiki:         isWiki,
 	}
 	hookOptions.OldCommitIDs = make([]string, 0, hookBatchSize)
 	hookOptions.NewCommitIDs = make([]string, 0, hookBatchSize)
--- a/cmd/keys.go
+++ b/cmd/keys.go
@@ -15,40 +15,42 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdKeys represents the available keys sub-command
-var CmdKeys = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "keys",
-	Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH server",
-	Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
-	Description: "Queries the Gitea database to get the authorized command for a given ssh key fingerprint",
-	Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
-	Action:      runKeys,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "expected",
-			Aliases: []string{"e"},
-			Value:   "git",
-			Usage:   "Expected user for whom provide key commands",
+// NewKeysCommand returns the internal SSH key lookup sub-command.
+func NewKeysCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "keys",
+		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH server",
+		Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
+		Description: "Queries the Gitea database to get the authorized command for a given ssh key fingerprint",
+		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
+		Action:      runKeys,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "expected",
+				Aliases: []string{"e"},
+				Value:   "git",
+				Usage:   "Expected user for whom provide key commands",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "username",
+				Aliases: []string{"u"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "Username trying to log in by SSH",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "type",
+				Aliases: []string{"t"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "Type of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires content to be provided too)",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "content",
+				Aliases: []string{"k"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "Base64 encoded content of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires type to be provided too)",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "username",
-			Aliases: []string{"u"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "Username trying to log in by SSH",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "type",
-			Aliases: []string{"t"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "Type of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires content to be provided too)",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "content",
-			Aliases: []string{"k"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "Base64 encoded content of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires type to be provided too)",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runKeys(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/mailer.go
+++ b/cmd/mailer.go
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ func runSendMail(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setting.MustInstalled()

 	subject := c.String("title")
-	confirmSkiped := c.Bool("force")
+	confirmSkipped := c.Bool("force")
 	body := c.String("content")

-	if !confirmSkiped {
+	if !confirmSkipped {
 		if len(body) == 0 {
 			fmt.Print("warning: Content is empty")
 		}
--- a/cmd/main.go
+++ b/cmd/main.go
@@ -112,35 +112,36 @@ func NewMainApp(appVer AppVersion) *cli.Command {
 			Usage:     "Set custom path (defaults to '{WorkPath}/custom')",
 		},
 	}
+	webCmd := newWebCommand()
 	// these sub-commands need to use a config file
 	subCmdWithConfig := []*cli.Command{
-		CmdWeb,
-		CmdServ,
-		CmdHook,
-		CmdKeys,
-		CmdDump,
-		CmdAdmin,
-		CmdMigrate,
-		CmdDoctor,
-		CmdManager,
-		CmdEmbedded,
-		CmdMigrateStorage,
-		CmdDumpRepository,
-		CmdRestoreRepository,
-		CmdActions,
+		webCmd,
+		newServCommand(),
+		newHookCommand(),
+		NewKeysCommand(),
+		newDumpCommand(),
+		newAdminCommand(),
+		newMigrateCommand(),
+		newDoctorCommand(),
+		newManagerCommand(),
+		newEmbeddedCommand(),
+		newMigrateStorageCommand(),
+		newDumpRepositoryCommand(),
+		newRestoreRepositoryCommand(),
+		newActionsCommand(),
 	}

 	// these sub-commands do not need the config file, and they do not depend on any path or environment variable.
 	subCmdStandalone := []*cli.Command{
 		cmdConfig(),
 		cmdCert(),
-		CmdGenerate,
-		CmdDocs,
+		newGenerateCommand(),
+		newDocsCommand(),
 	}

 	// TODO: we should eventually drop the default command,
 	// but not sure whether it would break Windows users who used to double-click the EXE to run.
-	app.DefaultCommand = CmdWeb.Name
+	app.DefaultCommand = webCmd.Name

 	app.Before = PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO)
 	for i := range subCmdWithConfig {
--- a/cmd/manager.go
+++ b/cmd/manager.go
@@ -13,22 +13,24 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	// CmdManager represents the manager command
-	CmdManager = &cli.Command{
+func newManagerCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "manager",
 		Usage:       "Manage the running gitea process",
 		Description: "This is a command for managing the running gitea process",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			subcmdShutdown,
-			subcmdRestart,
-			subcmdReloadTemplates,
-			subcmdFlushQueues,
-			subcmdLogging,
-			subCmdProcesses,
+			newShutdownCommand(),
+			newRestartCommand(),
+			newReloadTemplatesCommand(),
+			newFlushQueuesCommand(),
+			newLoggingCommand(),
+			newProcessesCommand(),
 		},
 	}
-	subcmdShutdown = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newShutdownCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "shutdown",
 		Usage: "Gracefully shutdown the running process",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -38,7 +40,10 @@ var (
 		},
 		Action: runShutdown,
 	}
-	subcmdRestart = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newRestartCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "restart",
 		Usage: "Gracefully restart the running process - (not implemented for windows servers)",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -48,7 +53,10 @@ var (
 		},
 		Action: runRestart,
 	}
-	subcmdReloadTemplates = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newReloadTemplatesCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "reload-templates",
 		Usage: "Reload template files in the running process",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -58,7 +66,10 @@ var (
 		},
 		Action: runReloadTemplates,
 	}
-	subcmdFlushQueues = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newFlushQueuesCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "flush-queues",
 		Usage:  "Flush queues in the running process",
 		Action: runFlushQueues,
@@ -77,7 +88,10 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-	subCmdProcesses = &cli.Command{
+}
+
+func newProcessesCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "processes",
 		Usage:  "Display running processes within the current process",
 		Action: runProcesses,
@@ -107,7 +121,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 func runShutdown(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
--- a/cmd/manager_logging.go
+++ b/cmd/manager_logging.go
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var (
-	defaultLoggingFlags = []cli.Flag{
+func defaultLoggingFlags() []cli.Flag {
+	return []cli.Flag{
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:  "logger",
 			Usage: `Logger name - will default to "default"`,
@@ -57,8 +57,10 @@ var (
 			Name: "debug",
 		},
 	}
+}

-	subcmdLogging = &cli.Command{
+func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "logging",
 		Usage: "Adjust logging commands",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
@@ -109,7 +111,7 @@ var (
 					{
 						Name:  "file",
 						Usage: "Add a file logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags, []cli.Flag{
+						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
 							&cli.StringFlag{
 								Name:    "filename",
 								Aliases: []string{"f"},
@@ -150,7 +152,7 @@ var (
 					}, {
 						Name:  "conn",
 						Usage: "Add a net conn logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags, []cli.Flag{
+						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
 							&cli.BoolFlag{
 								Name:    "reconnect-on-message",
 								Aliases: []string{"R"},
@@ -191,7 +193,7 @@ var (
 			},
 		},
 	}
-)
+}

 func runRemoveLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
--- a/cmd/migrate.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate.go
@@ -14,12 +14,13 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdMigrate represents the available migrate sub-command.
-var CmdMigrate = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "migrate",
-	Usage:       "Migrate the database",
-	Description: `This is a command for migrating the database, so that you can run "gitea admin create user" before starting the server.`,
-	Action:      runMigrate,
+func newMigrateCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "migrate",
+		Usage:       "Migrate the database",
+		Description: `This is a command for migrating the database, so that you can run "gitea admin create user" before starting the server.`,
+		Action:      runMigrate,
+	}
 }

 func runMigrate(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/migrate_storage.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate_storage.go
@@ -25,107 +25,108 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdMigrateStorage represents the available migrate storage sub-command.
-var CmdMigrateStorage = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "migrate-storage",
-	Usage:       "Migrate the storage",
-	Description: "Copies stored files from storage configured in app.ini to parameter-configured storage",
-	Action:      runMigrateStorage,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "type",
-			Aliases: []string{"t"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "Type of stored files to copy.  Allowed types: 'attachments', 'lfs', 'avatars', 'repo-avatars', 'repo-archivers', 'packages', 'actions-log', 'actions-artifacts'",
+func newMigrateStorageCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "migrate-storage",
+		Usage:       "Migrate the storage",
+		Description: "Copies stored files from storage configured in app.ini to parameter-configured storage",
+		Action:      runMigrateStorage,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "type",
+				Aliases: []string{"t"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "Type of stored files to copy.  Allowed types: 'attachments', 'lfs', 'avatars', 'repo-avatars', 'repo-archivers', 'packages', 'actions-log', 'actions-artifacts'",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "storage",
+				Aliases: []string{"s"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "New storage type: local (default), minio or azureblob",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "path",
+				Aliases: []string{"p"},
+				Value:   "",
+				Usage:   "New storage placement if store is local (leave blank for default)",
+			},
+			// Minio Storage special configurations
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-endpoint",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage endpoint",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-access-key-id",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage accessKeyID",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-secret-access-key",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage secretAccessKey",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-bucket",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage bucket",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-location",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage location to create bucket",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-base-path",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio storage base path on the bucket",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-use-ssl",
+				Usage: "Enable SSL for minio",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-insecure-skip-verify",
+				Usage: "Skip SSL verification",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-checksum-algorithm",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio checksum algorithm (default/md5)",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "minio-bucket-lookup-type",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Minio bucket lookup type",
+			},
+			// Azure Blob Storage special configurations
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "azureblob-endpoint",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Azure Blob storage endpoint",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "azureblob-account-name",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Azure Blob storage account name",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "azureblob-account-key",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Azure Blob storage account key",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "azureblob-container",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Azure Blob storage container",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "azureblob-base-path",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Azure Blob storage base path",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "storage",
-			Aliases: []string{"s"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "New storage type: local (default), minio or azureblob",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "path",
-			Aliases: []string{"p"},
-			Value:   "",
-			Usage:   "New storage placement if store is local (leave blank for default)",
-		},
-		// Minio Storage special configurations
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-endpoint",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage endpoint",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-access-key-id",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage accessKeyID",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-secret-access-key",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage secretAccessKey",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-bucket",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage bucket",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-location",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage location to create bucket",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-base-path",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio storage base path on the bucket",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-use-ssl",
-			Usage: "Enable SSL for minio",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-insecure-skip-verify",
-			Usage: "Skip SSL verification",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-checksum-algorithm",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio checksum algorithm (default/md5)",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "minio-bucket-lookup-type",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Minio bucket lookup type",
-		},
-		// Azure Blob Storage special configurations
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "azureblob-endpoint",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Azure Blob storage endpoint",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "azureblob-account-name",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Azure Blob storage account name",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "azureblob-account-key",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Azure Blob storage account key",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "azureblob-container",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Azure Blob storage container",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "azureblob-base-path",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Azure Blob storage base path",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func migrateAttachments(ctx context.Context, dstStorage storage.ObjectStorage) error {
--- a/cmd/restore_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/restore_repo.go
@@ -13,40 +13,41 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdRestoreRepository represents the available restore a repository sub-command.
-var CmdRestoreRepository = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "restore-repo",
-	Usage:       "Restore the repository from disk",
-	Description: "This is a command for restoring the repository data.",
-	Action:      runRestoreRepository,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "repo_dir",
-			Aliases: []string{"r"},
-			Value:   "./data",
-			Usage:   "Repository dir path to restore from",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "owner_name",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Restore destination owner name",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "repo_name",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: "Restore destination repository name",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "units",
-			Value: "",
-			Usage: `Which items will be restored, one or more units should be separated as comma.
+func newRestoreRepositoryCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "restore-repo",
+		Usage:       "Restore the repository from disk",
+		Description: "This is a command for restoring the repository data.",
+		Action:      runRestoreRepository,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "repo_dir",
+				Aliases: []string{"r"},
+				Value:   "./data",
+				Usage:   "Repository dir path to restore from",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "owner_name",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Restore destination owner name",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "repo_name",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: "Restore destination repository name",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "units",
+				Value: "",
+				Usage: `Which items will be restored, one or more units should be separated as comma.
 wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "validation",
+				Usage: "Sanity check the content of the files before trying to load them",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "validation",
-			Usage: "Sanity check the content of the files before trying to load them",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runRestoreRepository(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/serv.go
+++ b/cmd/serv.go
@@ -35,22 +35,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// CmdServ represents the available serv sub-command.
-var CmdServ = &cli.Command{
-	Name:        "serv",
-	Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH shell",
-	Description: "Serv provides access auth for repositories",
-	Hidden:      true, // Internal commands shouldn't be visible in help
-	Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
-	Action:      runServ,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name: "enable-pprof",
+func newServCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:        "serv",
+		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH shell",
+		Description: "Serv provides access auth for repositories",
+		Hidden:      true, // Internal commands shouldn't be visible in help
+		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
+		Action:      runServ,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name: "enable-pprof",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name: "debug",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name: "debug",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func setup(ctx context.Context, debug bool) {
--- a/cmd/web.go
+++ b/cmd/web.go
@@ -34,42 +34,43 @@ import (
 // PIDFile could be set from build tag
 var PIDFile = "/run/gitea.pid"

-// CmdWeb represents the available web sub-command.
-var CmdWeb = &cli.Command{
-	Name:  "web",
-	Usage: "Start Gitea web server",
-	Description: `Gitea web server is the only thing you need to run,
+func newWebCommand() *cli.Command {
+	return &cli.Command{
+		Name:  "web",
+		Usage: "Start Gitea web server",
+		Description: `Gitea web server is the only thing you need to run,
 and it takes care of all the other things for you`,
-	Before: PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO),
-	Action: runWeb,
-	Flags: []cli.Flag{
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "port",
-			Aliases: []string{"p"},
-			Value:   "3000",
-			Usage:   "Temporary port number to prevent conflict",
+		Before: PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO),
+		Action: runWeb,
+		Flags: []cli.Flag{
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "port",
+				Aliases: []string{"p"},
+				Value:   "3000",
+				Usage:   "Temporary port number to prevent conflict",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:  "install-port",
+				Value: "3000",
+				Usage: "Temporary port number to run the install page on to prevent conflict",
+			},
+			&cli.StringFlag{
+				Name:    "pid",
+				Aliases: []string{"P"},
+				Value:   PIDFile,
+				Usage:   "Custom pid file path",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:    "quiet",
+				Aliases: []string{"q"},
+				Usage:   "Only display Fatal logging errors until logging is set-up",
+			},
+			&cli.BoolFlag{
+				Name:  "verbose",
+				Usage: "Set initial logging to TRACE level until logging is properly set-up",
+			},
 		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:  "install-port",
-			Value: "3000",
-			Usage: "Temporary port number to run the install page on to prevent conflict",
-		},
-		&cli.StringFlag{
-			Name:    "pid",
-			Aliases: []string{"P"},
-			Value:   PIDFile,
-			Usage:   "Custom pid file path",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:    "quiet",
-			Aliases: []string{"q"},
-			Usage:   "Only display Fatal logging errors until logging is set-up",
-		},
-		&cli.BoolFlag{
-			Name:  "verbose",
-			Usage: "Set initial logging to TRACE level until logging is properly set-up",
-		},
-	},
+	}
 }

 func runHTTPRedirector() {
@@ -163,8 +164,6 @@ func serveInstall(cmd *cli.Command) error {
 }

 func serveInstalled(c *cli.Command) error {
-	setting.InitCfgProvider(setting.CustomConf)
-	setting.LoadCommonSettings()
 	setting.MustInstalled()

 	showWebStartupMessage("Prepare to run web server")
--- a/cmd/web_acme.go
+++ b/cmd/web_acme.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"crypto/x509"
 	"encoding/pem"
 	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
 	"strconv"
@@ -124,8 +125,8 @@ func runACME(listenAddr string, m http.Handler) error {
 			defer finished()

 			log.Info("Running Let's Encrypt handler on %s", setting.HTTPAddr+":"+setting.PortToRedirect)
-			// all traffic coming into HTTP will be redirect to HTTPS automatically (LE HTTP-01 validation happens here)
-			err := runHTTP("tcp", setting.HTTPAddr+":"+setting.PortToRedirect, "Let's Encrypt HTTP Challenge", myACME.HTTPChallengeHandler(http.HandlerFunc(runLetsEncryptFallbackHandler)), setting.RedirectorUseProxyProtocol)
+			// all traffic coming into HTTP will be redirected to HTTPS automatically (LE HTTP-01 validation happens here)
+			err := runHTTP("tcp", net.JoinHostPort(setting.HTTPAddr, setting.PortToRedirect), "Let's Encrypt HTTP Challenge", myACME.HTTPChallengeHandler(http.HandlerFunc(runLetsEncryptFallbackHandler)), setting.RedirectorUseProxyProtocol)
 			if err != nil {
 				log.Fatal("Failed to start the Let's Encrypt handler on port %s: %v", setting.PortToRedirect, err)
 			}
--- a/contrib/backport/backport.go
+++ b/contrib/backport/backport.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/google/go-github/v74/github"
+	"github.com/google/go-github/v84/github"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
--- a/contrib/upgrade.sh
+++ b/contrib/upgrade.sh
@@ -108,7 +108,9 @@ curl --connect-timeout 10 --silent --show-error --fail --location -O "$binurl{,.
 sha256sum -c "${binname}.xz.sha256"
 if [[ -z "${ignore_gpg:-}" ]]; then
  require gpg
-  gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --recv 7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2
+  # try to use curl first, it uses standard tcp 443 port and works better behind strict firewall rules
+  curl -fsSL --connect-timeout 10 "https://keys.openpgp.org/vks/v1/by-fingerprint/7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2" | gpg --import \
+    || gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --recv 7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2
  gpg --verify "${binname}.xz.asc" "${binname}.xz" || { echo 'Signature does not match'; exit 1; }
 fi
 rm "${binname}".xz.{sha256,asc}
@@ -127,6 +129,8 @@ echo "Creating backup in $giteahome"
 giteacmd dump $backupopts
 echo "Updating binary at $giteabin"
 cp -f "$giteabin" "$giteabin.bak" && mv -f "$binname" "$giteabin"
+# Restore SELinux context if applicable (e.g. RHEL/Fedora)
+command -v restorecon &>/dev/null && restorecon -v "$giteabin" || true
 $service_start
 $service_status

--- a/custom/conf/app.example.ini
+++ b/custom/conf/app.example.ini
@@ -69,12 +69,12 @@ RUN_USER = ; git
 ;; Most users should set it to the real website URL of their Gitea instance when there is a reverse proxy.
 ;ROOT_URL =
 ;;
-;; Controls how to detect the public URL.
-;; Although it defaults to "legacy" (to avoid breaking existing users), most instances should use the "auto" behavior,
+;; Controls how to detect the public URL. Most instances should use the "auto" behavior,
 ;; especially when the Gitea instance needs to be accessed in a container network.
-;; * legacy: detect the public URL from "Host" header if "X-Forwarded-Proto" header exists, otherwise use "ROOT_URL".
-;; * auto: always use "Host" header, and also use "X-Forwarded-Proto" header if it exists. If no "Host" header, use "ROOT_URL".
-;PUBLIC_URL_DETECTION = legacy
+;; * legacy: (default <= 1.25) detect the public URL from "Host" header if "X-Forwarded-Proto" header exists, otherwise use "ROOT_URL".
+;; * auto: (default >= 1.26) always use "Host" header, and also use "X-Forwarded-Proto" header if it exists. If no "Host" header, use "ROOT_URL".
+;; * never: always use "ROOT_URL", never detect from request headers.
+;PUBLIC_URL_DETECTION = auto
 ;;
 ;; For development purpose only. It makes Gitea handle sub-path ("/sub-path/owner/repo/...") directly when debugging without a reverse proxy.
 ;; DO NOT USE IT IN PRODUCTION!!!
@@ -175,14 +175,15 @@ RUN_USER = ; git
 ;; The port number the builtin SSH server should listen on, defaults to SSH_PORT
 ;SSH_LISTEN_PORT =
 ;;
-;; Root path of SSH directory, default is '~/.ssh', but you have to use '/home/git/.ssh'.
+;; Root path of SSH user directory for the system's standalone SSH server if Gitea is not using its builtin SSH server.
+;; Default is the '.ssh' directory in the run user's home directory.
 ;SSH_ROOT_PATH =
 ;;
-;; Gitea will create a authorized_keys file by default when it is not using the internal ssh server
+;; Gitea will create an authorized_keys file by default when it is not using the builtin SSH server
 ;; If you intend to use the AuthorizedKeysCommand functionality then you should turn this off.
 ;SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_KEYS_FILE = true
 ;;
-;; Gitea will create a authorized_principals file by default when it is not using the internal ssh server
+;; Gitea will create an authorized_principals file by default when it is not using the builtin SSH server
 ;; If you intend to use the AuthorizedPrincipalsCommand functionality then you should turn this off.
 ;SSH_CREATE_AUTHORIZED_PRINCIPALS_FILE = true
 ;;
@@ -238,9 +239,6 @@ RUN_USER = ; git
 ;; Indicate whether to check minimum key size with corresponding type
 ;MINIMUM_KEY_SIZE_CHECK = false
 ;;
-;; Disable CDN even in "prod" mode
-;OFFLINE_MODE = true
-;;
 ;; TLS Settings: Either ACME or manual
 ;; (Other common TLS configuration are found before)
 ;ENABLE_ACME = false
@@ -521,6 +519,9 @@ INTERNAL_TOKEN =
 ;; Set the two-factor auth behavior.
 ;; Set to "enforced", to force users to enroll into Two-Factor Authentication, users without 2FA have no access to repositories via API or web.
 ;TWO_FACTOR_AUTH =
+;;
+;; The value of the X-Frame-Options HTTP header for HTML responses. Use "unset" to remove the header.
+;X_FRAME_OPTIONS = SAMEORIGIN

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1152,15 +1153,15 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; Add co-authored-by and co-committed-by trailers if committer does not match author
 ;ADD_CO_COMMITTER_TRAILERS = true
 ;;
-;; In addition to testing patches using the three-way merge method, re-test conflicting patches with git apply
-;TEST_CONFLICTING_PATCHES_WITH_GIT_APPLY = false
-;;
 ;; Retarget child pull requests to the parent pull request branch target on merge of parent pull request. It only works on merged PRs where the head and base branch target the same repo.
 ;RETARGET_CHILDREN_ON_MERGE = true
 ;;
 ;; Delay mergeable check until page view or API access, for pull requests that have not been updated in the specified days when their base branches get updated.
 ;; Use "-1" to always check all pull requests (old behavior). Use "0" to always delay the checks.
 ;DELAY_CHECK_FOR_INACTIVE_DAYS = 7
+;;
+;; Set the default value for "Delete pull request branch after merge by default" for new repositories
+;DEFAULT_DELETE_BRANCH_AFTER_MERGE = false

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1178,9 +1179,17 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;[repository.release]
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Comma-separated list of allowed file extensions (`.zip`), mime types (`text/plain`) or wildcard type (`image/*`, `audio/*`, `video/*`). Empty value or `*/*` allows all types.
+;; Comma-separated list of allowed release attachment file extensions (`.zip`), mime types (`text/plain`) or wildcard type (`image/*`, `audio/*`, `video/*`). Empty value or `*/*` allows all types.
 ;ALLOWED_TYPES =
+;;
+;; Number of releases that are displayed on release page
 ;DEFAULT_PAGING_NUM = 10
+;;
+;; Max size of each release attachment file in megabytes. Defaults to 2GB
+;FILE_MAX_SIZE = 2048
+;;
+;; Max number of release attachment files per upload. Defaults to 5
+;MAX_FILES =  5

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1282,9 +1291,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;;
 ;; headers to permit
 ;HEADERS = Content-Type,User-Agent
-;;
-;; set X-FRAME-OPTIONS header
-;X_FRAME_OPTIONS = SAMEORIGIN

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1329,9 +1335,12 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; Leave it empty to allow users to select any theme from "{CustomPath}/public/assets/css/theme-*.css"
 ;THEMES =
 ;;
-;; The icons for file list (basic/material), this is a temporary option which will be replaced by a user setting in the future.
+;; The icon theme for files (basic/material)
 ;FILE_ICON_THEME = material
 ;;
+;; The icon theme for folders (basic/material)
+;FOLDER_ICON_THEME = basic
+;;
 ;; All available reactions users can choose on issues/prs and comments.
 ;; Values can be emoji alias (:smile:) or a unicode emoji.
 ;; For custom reactions, add a tightly cropped square image to public/assets/img/emoji/reaction_name.png
@@ -1972,12 +1981,12 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; or a custom avatar source, like: http://cn.gravatar.com/avatar/
 ;GRAVATAR_SOURCE = gravatar
 ;;
-;; This value will always be true in offline mode.
+;; Deprecated, see Web UI Admin Panel -> Config -> Settings
 ;DISABLE_GRAVATAR = false
 ;;
 ;; Federated avatar lookup uses DNS to discover avatar associated
 ;; with emails, see https://www.libravatar.org
-;; This value will always be false in offline mode or when Gravatar is disabled.
+;; Deprecated, see Web UI Admin Panel -> Config -> Settings
 ;ENABLE_FEDERATED_AVATAR = false

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -1986,16 +1995,18 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;
-;; Whether issue and pull request attachments are enabled. Defaults to `true`
+;; Whether issue, pull-request and release attachments are enabled. Defaults to `true`
+;; ALLOWED_TYPES/MAX_SIZE/MAX_FILES in this section only affect issue and pull-request attachments, not release attachments.
+;; Release attachment has its own config options in [repository.release] section.
 ;ENABLED = true
 ;;
-;; Comma-separated list of allowed file extensions (`.zip`), mime types (`text/plain`) or wildcard type (`image/*`, `audio/*`, `video/*`). Empty value or `*/*` allows all types.
+;; Comma-separated list of allowed issue/pull-request attachment file extensions (`.zip`), mime types (`text/plain`) or wildcard type (`image/*`, `audio/*`, `video/*`). Empty value or `*/*` allows all types.
 ;ALLOWED_TYPES = .avif,.cpuprofile,.csv,.dmp,.docx,.fodg,.fodp,.fods,.fodt,.gif,.gz,.jpeg,.jpg,.json,.jsonc,.log,.md,.mov,.mp4,.odf,.odg,.odp,.ods,.odt,.patch,.pdf,.png,.pptx,.svg,.tgz,.txt,.webm,.webp,.xls,.xlsx,.zip
 ;;
-;; Max size of each file. Defaults to 2048MB
-;MAX_SIZE = 2048
+;; Max size of each issue/pull-request attachment file. Defaults to 100MB
+;MAX_SIZE = 100
 ;;
-;; Max number of files per upload. Defaults to 5
+;; Max number of issue/pull-request attachment files per upload. Defaults to 5
 ;MAX_FILES = 5
 ;;
 ;; Storage type for attachments, `local` for local disk or `minio` for s3 compatible
@@ -2268,6 +2279,22 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; Unreferenced blobs created more than OLDER_THAN ago are subject to deletion
 ;OLDER_THAN = 24h

+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Synchronize repository licenses
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.sync_repo_licenses]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Whether to enable the job
+;ENABLED = false
+;; Whether to always run at least once at start up time (if ENABLED)
+;RUN_AT_START = false
+;; Whether to emit notice on successful execution too
+;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
+;; Time interval for job to run
+;SCHEDULE = @annually
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -2329,6 +2356,18 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
 ;SCHEDULE = @every 72h

+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Update the '.ssh/authorized_principals' file
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.resync_all_sshprincipals]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = false
+;RUN_AT_START = false
+;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
+;SCHEDULE = @every 72h
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;; Resynchronize git hooks of all repositories (pre-receive, update, post-receive, proc-receive, ...)
@@ -2437,6 +2476,70 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;Check at least this proportion of LFSMetaObjects per repo. (This may cause all stale LFSMetaObjects to be checked.)
 ;PROPORTION_TO_CHECK_PER_REPO = 0.6

+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Rebuild issue index
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.rebuild_issue_indexer]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = false
+;RUN_AT_START = false
+;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
+;SCHEDULE = @annually
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Actions cron tasks
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Stop running tasks which haven't been updated for a long time
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.stop_zombie_tasks]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = true
+;RUN_AT_START = true
+;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
+;SCHEDULE = @every 5m
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Stop running tasks which have running status and continuous updates but don't end for a long time
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.stop_endless_tasks]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = true
+;RUN_AT_START = true
+;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
+;SCHEDULE = @every 30m
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Cancel jobs which haven't been picked up for a long time
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.cancel_abandoned_jobs]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = true
+;RUN_AT_START = false
+;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
+;SCHEDULE = @every 6h
+
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;; Start cron based actions
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;[cron.start_schedule_tasks]
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
+;ENABLED = true
+;RUN_AT_START = false
+;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
+;SCHEDULE = @every 1m
+
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;[mirror]
@@ -2690,6 +2793,8 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;LIMIT_SIZE_SWIFT = -1
 ;; Maximum size of a Vagrant upload (`-1` means no limits, format `1000`, `1 MB`, `1 GiB`)
 ;LIMIT_SIZE_VAGRANT = -1
+;; Maximum size of a Terraform state upload (`-1` means no limits, format `1000`, `1 MB`, `1 GiB`)
+;LIMIT_SIZE_TERRAFORM_STATE = -1
 ;; Enable RPM re-signing by default. (It will overwrite the old signature ,using v4 format, not compatible with CentOS 6 or older)
 ;DEFAULT_RPM_SIGN_ENABLED  = false
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -2855,6 +2960,9 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;ABANDONED_JOB_TIMEOUT = 24h
 ;; Strings committers can place inside a commit message or PR title to skip executing the corresponding actions workflow
 ;SKIP_WORKFLOW_STRINGS = [skip ci],[ci skip],[no ci],[skip actions],[actions skip]
+;; Comma-separated list of workflow directories, the first one to exist
+;; in a repo is used to find Actions workflow files
+;WORKFLOW_DIRS = .gitea/workflows,.github/workflows

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
--- a/docker/root/etc/s6/openssh/finish
+++ b/docker/root/etc/s6/openssh/finish
@@ -1,2 +1,8 @@
 #!/bin/bash
+# $1 = exit code of the run script, $2 = signal
+if [ "$1" -ne 0 ]; then
+  # avoid immediately restarting the sshd service, which may cause CPU 100% if the error (permission, configuration) is not fixed
+  echo "openssh failed with exit code $1 - waiting a short delay before attempting a restart"
+  sleep 3
+fi
 exit 0
--- a/eslint.config.ts
+++ b/eslint.config.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import arrayFunc from 'eslint-plugin-array-func';
 import comments from '@eslint-community/eslint-plugin-eslint-comments';
+import deMorgan from 'eslint-plugin-de-morgan';
 import github from 'eslint-plugin-github';
 import globals from 'globals';
 import importPlugin from 'eslint-plugin-import-x';
@@ -15,6 +16,7 @@ import vue from 'eslint-plugin-vue';
 import vueScopedCss from 'eslint-plugin-vue-scoped-css';
 import wc from 'eslint-plugin-wc';
 import {defineConfig, globalIgnores} from 'eslint/config';
+import type {ESLint} from 'eslint';

 const jsExts = ['js', 'mjs', 'cjs'] as const;
 const tsExts = ['ts', 'mts', 'cts'] as const;
@@ -62,8 +64,8 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@stylistic': stylistic,
      '@typescript-eslint': typescriptPlugin.plugin,
      'array-func': arrayFunc,
-      // @ts-expect-error -- https://github.com/un-ts/eslint-plugin-import-x/issues/203
-      'import-x': importPlugin,
+      'de-morgan': deMorgan,
+      'import-x': importPlugin as unknown as ESLint.Plugin, // https://github.com/un-ts/eslint-plugin-import-x/issues/203
      regexp,
      sonarjs,
      unicorn,
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/adjacent-overload-signatures': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/array-type': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/await-thenable': [2],
-      '@typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment': [2, {'ts-expect-error': false, 'ts-ignore': true, 'ts-nocheck': false, 'ts-check': false}],
+      '@typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment': [2, {'ts-expect-error': true, 'ts-ignore': true, 'ts-nocheck': false, 'ts-check': false}],
      '@typescript-eslint/ban-tslint-comment': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/class-literal-property-style': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/class-methods-use-this': [0],
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/naming-convention': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-array-constructor': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-array-delete': [2],
-      '@typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string': [0],
+      '@typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-confusing-non-null-assertion': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-confusing-void-expression': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-deprecated': [2],
@@ -211,7 +213,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-asserted-nullish-coalescing': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-asserted-optional-chain': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-non-null-assertion': [0],
-      '@typescript-eslint/no-redeclare': [0],
+      '@typescript-eslint/no-redeclare': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-redundant-type-constituents': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-require-imports': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-restricted-imports': [0],
@@ -254,10 +256,10 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-function-type': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-includes': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-literal-enum-member': [0],
-      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword': [0],
+      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-nullish-coalescing': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-optional-chain': [2, {requireNullish: true}],
-      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors': [0],
+      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-readonly': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-readonly-parameter-types': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-reduce-type-parameter': [0],
@@ -268,7 +270,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/require-array-sort-compare': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/require-await': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-plus-operands': [2],
-      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions': [0],
+      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/return-await': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/strict-boolean-expressions': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/strict-void-return': [0],
@@ -295,6 +297,8 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'consistent-this': [0],
      'constructor-super': [2],
      'curly': [0],
+      'de-morgan/no-negated-conjunction': [2],
+      'de-morgan/no-negated-disjunction': [2],
      'default-case-last': [2],
      'default-case': [0],
      'default-param-last': [0],
@@ -325,7 +329,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'github/no-innerText': [2],
      'github/no-then': [2],
      'github/no-useless-passive': [2],
-      'github/prefer-observers': [2],
+      'github/prefer-observers': [0],
      'github/require-passive-events': [2],
      'github/unescaped-html-literal': [2],
      'grouped-accessor-pairs': [2],
@@ -342,7 +346,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'import-x/first': [2],
      'import-x/group-exports': [0],
      'import-x/max-dependencies': [0],
-      'import-x/named': [2],
+      'import-x/named': [0],
      'import-x/namespace': [0],
      'import-x/newline-after-import': [0],
      'import-x/no-absolute-path': [0],
@@ -437,7 +441,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-import-assign': [2],
      'no-inline-comments': [0],
      'no-inner-declarations': [2],
-      'no-invalid-regexp': [2],
+      'no-invalid-regexp': [0], // handled by regexp/no-invalid-regexp
      'no-invalid-this': [0],
      'no-irregular-whitespace': [2],
      'no-iterator': [2],
@@ -551,7 +555,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-new-func': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/no-implied-eval
      'no-new-native-nonconstructor': [2],
      'no-new-object': [2],
-      'no-new-symbol': [2],
+      'no-new-symbol': [0], // handled by no-new-native-nonconstructor
      'no-new-wrappers': [2],
      'no-new': [0],
      'no-nonoctal-decimal-escape': [2],
@@ -568,7 +572,11 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-restricted-exports': [0],
      'no-restricted-globals': [2, ...restrictedGlobals],
      'no-restricted-properties': [2, ...restrictedProperties],
-      'no-restricted-imports': [0],
+      'no-restricted-imports': [2, {paths: [
+        {name: 'jquery', message: 'Use the global $ instead', allowTypeImports: true},
+        {name: 'htmx.org', message: 'Use the global htmx instead', allowTypeImports: true},
+        {name: 'idiomorph/htmx', message: 'Loaded in globals.ts', allowTypeImports: true},
+      ]}],
      'no-restricted-syntax': [2, 'WithStatement', 'ForInStatement', 'LabeledStatement', 'SequenceExpression'],
      'no-return-assign': [0],
      'no-script-url': [2],
@@ -582,10 +590,11 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-template-curly-in-string': [2],
      'no-ternary': [0],
      'no-this-before-super': [2],
-      'no-throw-literal': [2],
+      'no-throw-literal': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/only-throw-error
      'no-undef-init': [2],
      'no-undef': [2], // it is still needed by eslint & IDE to prompt undefined names in real time
      'no-undefined': [0],
+      'no-unassigned-vars': [2],
      'no-underscore-dangle': [0],
      'no-unexpected-multiline': [2],
      'no-unmodified-loop-condition': [2],
@@ -600,7 +609,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-unused-vars': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
      'no-use-before-define': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/no-use-before-define
      'no-useless-assignment': [2],
-      'no-useless-backreference': [2],
+      'no-useless-backreference': [0], // handled by regexp/no-useless-backreference
      'no-useless-call': [2],
      'no-useless-catch': [2],
      'no-useless-computed-key': [2],
@@ -608,7 +617,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-useless-constructor': [2],
      'no-useless-escape': [2],
      'no-useless-rename': [2],
-      'no-useless-return': [2],
+      'no-useless-return': [0], // handled by sonarjs/no-redundant-jump
      'no-var': [2],
      'no-void': [2],
      'no-warning-comments': [0],
@@ -617,7 +626,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'one-var-declaration-per-line': [0],
      'one-var': [0],
      'operator-assignment': [2, 'always'],
-      'operator-linebreak': [2, 'after'],
+      'operator-linebreak': [0], // handled by @stylistic/operator-linebreak
      'prefer-arrow-callback': [2, {allowNamedFunctions: true, allowUnboundThis: true}],
      'prefer-const': [2, {destructuring: 'all', ignoreReadBeforeAssign: true}],
      'prefer-destructuring': [0],
@@ -626,19 +635,20 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'prefer-numeric-literals': [2],
      'prefer-object-has-own': [2],
      'prefer-object-spread': [2],
-      'prefer-promise-reject-errors': [2, {allowEmptyReject: false}],
+      'prefer-promise-reject-errors': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors
      'prefer-regex-literals': [2],
      'prefer-rest-params': [2],
      'prefer-spread': [2],
      'prefer-template': [2],
-      'radix': [2, 'as-needed'],
+      'preserve-caught-error': [0],
+      'radix': [0],
      'regexp/confusing-quantifier': [2],
      'regexp/control-character-escape': [2],
      'regexp/hexadecimal-escape': [0],
      'regexp/letter-case': [0],
      'regexp/match-any': [2],
      'regexp/negation': [2],
-      'regexp/no-contradiction-with-assertion': [0],
+      'regexp/no-contradiction-with-assertion': [2],
      'regexp/no-control-character': [0],
      'regexp/no-dupe-characters-character-class': [2],
      'regexp/no-dupe-disjunctions': [2],
@@ -654,8 +664,8 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'regexp/no-invisible-character': [2],
      'regexp/no-lazy-ends': [2],
      'regexp/no-legacy-features': [2],
-      'regexp/no-misleading-capturing-group': [0],
-      'regexp/no-misleading-unicode-character': [0],
+      'regexp/no-misleading-capturing-group': [2],
+      'regexp/no-misleading-unicode-character': [2],
      'regexp/no-missing-g-flag': [2],
      'regexp/no-non-standard-flag': [2],
      'regexp/no-obscure-range': [2],
@@ -697,7 +707,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'regexp/prefer-question-quantifier': [2],
      'regexp/prefer-range': [2],
      'regexp/prefer-regexp-exec': [2],
-      'regexp/prefer-regexp-test': [2],
+      'regexp/prefer-regexp-test': [0], // handled by unicorn/prefer-regexp-test
      'regexp/prefer-result-array-groups': [0],
      'regexp/prefer-set-operation': [2],
      'regexp/prefer-star-quantifier': [2],
@@ -727,7 +737,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'sonarjs/no-empty-collection': [2],
      'sonarjs/no-extra-arguments': [2],
      'sonarjs/no-gratuitous-expressions': [2],
-      'sonarjs/no-identical-conditions': [2],
+      'sonarjs/no-identical-conditions': [0], // handled by no-dupe-else-if
      'sonarjs/no-identical-expressions': [2],
      'sonarjs/no-identical-functions': [2, 5],
      'sonarjs/no-ignored-return': [2],
@@ -740,7 +750,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'sonarjs/no-small-switch': [0],
      'sonarjs/no-unused-collection': [2],
      'sonarjs/no-use-of-empty-return-value': [2],
-      'sonarjs/no-useless-catch': [2],
+      'sonarjs/no-useless-catch': [0], // handled by no-useless-catch
      'sonarjs/non-existent-operator': [2],
      'sonarjs/prefer-immediate-return': [0],
      'sonarjs/prefer-object-literal': [0],
@@ -756,6 +766,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/catch-error-name': [0],
      'unicorn/consistent-destructuring': [2],
      'unicorn/consistent-empty-array-spread': [2],
+      'unicorn/consistent-template-literal-escape': [2],
      'unicorn/consistent-existence-index-check': [0],
      'unicorn/consistent-function-scoping': [0],
      'unicorn/custom-error-definition': [0],
@@ -767,6 +778,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/filename-case': [0],
      'unicorn/import-index': [0],
      'unicorn/import-style': [0],
+      'unicorn/isolated-functions': [2, {functions: []}],
      'unicorn/new-for-builtins': [2],
      'unicorn/no-abusive-eslint-disable': [0],
      'unicorn/no-anonymous-default-export': [0],
@@ -806,10 +818,11 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/no-unnecessary-await': [2],
      'unicorn/no-unnecessary-polyfills': [2],
      'unicorn/no-unreadable-array-destructuring': [0],
-      'unicorn/no-unreadable-iife': [2],
+      'unicorn/no-unreadable-iife': [0],
      'unicorn/no-unused-properties': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-collection-argument': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-fallback-in-spread': [2],
+      'unicorn/no-useless-iterator-to-array': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-length-check': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-promise-resolve-reject': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-spread': [2],
@@ -819,7 +832,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/number-literal-case': [0],
      'unicorn/numeric-separators-style': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-add-event-listener': [2],
-      'unicorn/prefer-array-find': [2],
+      'unicorn/prefer-array-find': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/prefer-find
      'unicorn/prefer-array-flat': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-array-flat-map': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-array-index-of': [2],
@@ -836,7 +849,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/prefer-event-target': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-export-from': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-global-this': [0],
-      'unicorn/prefer-includes': [2],
+      'unicorn/prefer-includes': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/prefer-includes
      'unicorn/prefer-json-parse-buffer': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-keyboard-event-key': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-logical-operator-over-ternary': [2],
@@ -859,11 +872,12 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/prefer-response-static-json': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-set-has': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-set-size': [2],
+      'unicorn/prefer-simple-condition-first': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-spread': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-string-raw': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-string-replace-all': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-string-slice': [0],
-      'unicorn/prefer-string-starts-ends-with': [2],
+      'unicorn/prefer-string-starts-ends-with': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/prefer-string-starts-ends-with
      'unicorn/prefer-string-trim-start-end': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-structured-clone': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-switch': [0],
@@ -877,6 +891,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/require-post-message-target-origin': [0],
      'unicorn/string-content': [0],
      'unicorn/switch-case-braces': [0],
+      'unicorn/switch-case-break-position': [2],
      'unicorn/template-indent': [2],
      'unicorn/text-encoding-identifier-case': [0],
      'unicorn/throw-new-error': [2],
@@ -910,9 +925,10 @@ export default defineConfig([
  },
  {
    ...playwright.configs['flat/recommended'],
-    files: ['tests/e2e/**'],
+    files: ['tests/e2e/**/*.test.ts'],
    rules: {
      ...playwright.configs['flat/recommended'].rules,
+      'playwright/expect-expect': [0],
    },
  },
  {
@@ -924,8 +940,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
    },
    extends: [
      vue.configs['flat/recommended'],
-      // @ts-expect-error
-      vueScopedCss.configs['flat/recommended'],
+      vueScopedCss.configs.recommended as any,
    ],
    rules: {
      'vue/attributes-order': [0],
@@ -960,6 +975,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'vitest/no-interpolation-in-snapshots': [0],
      'vitest/no-large-snapshots': [0],
      'vitest/no-mocks-import': [0],
+      'vitest/no-importing-vitest-globals': [2],
      'vitest/no-restricted-matchers': [0],
      'vitest/no-restricted-vi-methods': [0],
      'vitest/no-standalone-expect': [0],
@@ -988,7 +1004,8 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'vitest/require-to-throw-message': [0],
      'vitest/require-top-level-describe': [0],
      'vitest/valid-describe-callback': [2],
-      'vitest/valid-expect': [2],
+      'vitest/valid-expect': [2, {maxArgs: 2}],
+      'vitest/valid-expect-in-promise': [2],
      'vitest/valid-title': [2],
    },
  },
@@ -1000,11 +1017,11 @@ export default defineConfig([
    },
  },
  {
-    files: ['*', 'tools/**/*'],
+    files: ['*', 'tools/**/*', 'tests/**/*'],
    languageOptions: {globals: globals.nodeBuiltin},
  },
  {
    files: ['web_src/**/*'],
-    languageOptions: {globals: {...globals.browser, ...globals.webpack}},
+    languageOptions: {globals: {...globals.browser, ...globals.jquery, htmx: false}},
  },
 ]);
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
  "nodes": {
    "nixpkgs": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1760038930,
-        "narHash": "sha256-Oncbh0UmHjSlxO7ErQDM3KM0A5/Znfofj2BSzlHLeVw=",
+        "lastModified": 1775036866,
+        "narHash": "sha256-ZojAnPuCdy657PbTq5V0Y+AHKhZAIwSIT2cb8UgAz/U=",
        "owner": "nixos",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "0b4defa2584313f3b781240b29d61f6f9f7e0df3",
+        "rev": "6201e203d09599479a3b3450ed24fa81537ebc4e",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
              inherit (pkgs) lib;

              # only bump toolchain versions here
-              go = pkgs.go_1_25;
+              go = pkgs.go_1_26;
              nodejs = pkgs.nodejs_24;
-              python3 = pkgs.python312;
+              python3 = pkgs.python314;
              pnpm = pkgs.pnpm_10;

              # Platform-specific dependencies
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 module code.gitea.io/gitea

-go 1.25.0
-
-toolchain go1.25.6
+go 1.26.1

 // rfc5280 said: "The serial number is an integer assigned by the CA to each certificate."
 // But some CAs use negative serial number, just relax the check. related:
@@ -11,204 +9,201 @@ godebug x509negativeserial=1

 require (
 	code.gitea.io/actions-proto-go v0.4.1
-	code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea v0.22.0
+	code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea v0.24.1
 	codeberg.org/gusted/mcaptcha v0.0.0-20220723083913-4f3072e1d570
-	connectrpc.com/connect v1.18.1
+	connectrpc.com/connect v1.19.1
 	gitea.com/go-chi/binding v0.0.0-20240430071103-39a851e106ed
 	gitea.com/go-chi/cache v0.2.1
 	gitea.com/go-chi/captcha v0.0.0-20240315150714-fb487f629098
 	gitea.com/go-chi/session v0.0.0-20251124165456-68e0254e989e
 	gitea.com/lunny/dingtalk_webhook v0.0.0-20171025031554-e3534c89ef96
 	gitea.com/lunny/levelqueue v0.4.2-0.20230414023320-3c0159fe0fe4
-	github.com/42wim/httpsig v1.2.3
-	github.com/42wim/sshsig v0.0.0-20250502153856-5100632e8920
+	github.com/42wim/httpsig v1.2.4
+	github.com/42wim/sshsig v0.0.0-20260317195500-b9f38cf0d432
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.19.0
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0
-	github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.10.3
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0
+	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.4.1
+	github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.12.0
 	github.com/SaveTheRbtz/zstd-seekable-format-go/pkg v0.8.0
-	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.23.0
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.18.10
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/codecommit v1.32.2
+	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.23.1
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.13
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/codecommit v1.33.12
 	github.com/blakesmith/ar v0.0.0-20190502131153-809d4375e1fb
-	github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2 v2.5.3
+	github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2 v2.5.7
 	github.com/bohde/codel v0.2.0
 	github.com/buildkite/terminal-to-html/v3 v3.16.8
-	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.24.0
+	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.25.2
 	github.com/charmbracelet/git-lfs-transfer v0.1.1-0.20251013092601-6327009efd21
 	github.com/chi-middleware/proxy v1.1.1
 	github.com/dimiro1/reply v0.0.0-20200315094148-d0136a4c9e21
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5
 	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
-	github.com/editorconfig/editorconfig-core-go/v2 v2.6.3
+	github.com/editorconfig/editorconfig-core-go/v2 v2.6.4
 	github.com/emersion/go-imap v1.2.1
 	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1
 	github.com/ethantkoenig/rupture v1.0.1
 	github.com/felixge/fgprof v0.9.5
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.3.8
-	github.com/go-ap/activitypub v0.0.0-20250810115208-cb73b20a1742
-	github.com/go-ap/jsonld v0.0.0-20221030091449-f2a191312c73
-	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.3
+	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5
 	github.com/go-chi/cors v1.2.2
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.37.0
-	github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2 v2.9.2
-	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.6.2
-	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.16.3
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.11
-	github.com/go-redsync/redsync/v4 v4.13.0
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.19.1
+	github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2 v2.9.5
+	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.8.0
+	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.17.2
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
+	github.com/go-redsync/redsync/v4 v4.16.0
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.13.4
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.16.1
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6
 	github.com/gogs/chardet v0.0.0-20211120154057-b7413eaefb8f
 	github.com/gogs/go-gogs-client v0.0.0-20210131175652-1d7215cd8d85
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.0
-	github.com/google/go-github/v74 v74.0.0
+	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
+	github.com/google/go-github/v84 v84.0.0
 	github.com/google/licenseclassifier/v2 v2.0.0
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20250820193118-f64d9cf942d6
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20260302011040-a15ffb7f9dcc
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/feeds v1.2.0
 	github.com/gorilla/sessions v1.4.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.7.0
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.9.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0
 	github.com/jaytaylor/html2text v0.0.0-20230321000545-74c2419ad056
-	github.com/jhillyerd/enmime v1.3.0
+	github.com/jhillyerd/enmime/v2 v2.3.0
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.10.9
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.1
 	github.com/markbates/goth v1.82.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.32
-	github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-go v0.33.2
-	github.com/mholt/archives v0.0.0-20251009205813-e30ac6010726
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.38
+	github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-go v0.36.1
+	github.com/mholt/archives v0.1.5
 	github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.27
-	github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.3
-	github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.95
-	github.com/msteinert/pam v1.2.0
+	github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.6
+	github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.99
+	github.com/msteinert/pam/v2 v2.1.0
 	github.com/nektos/act v0.2.63
 	github.com/niklasfasching/go-org v1.9.1
 	github.com/olivere/elastic/v7 v7.0.32
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1
 	github.com/pquerna/otp v1.5.0
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.0
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/quasoft/websspi v1.1.2
-	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.12.1
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.18.0
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.2
 	github.com/sassoftware/go-rpmutils v0.4.0
 	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.0
 	github.com/tstranex/u2f v1.0.0
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15
-	github.com/urfave/cli-docs/v3 v3.0.0-alpha6
+	github.com/urfave/cli-docs/v3 v3.1.0
 	github.com/urfave/cli/v3 v3.4.1
 	github.com/wneessen/go-mail v0.7.2
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0
 	github.com/yohcop/openid-go v1.0.1
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.16
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.8.2
 	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20230729083705-37449abec8cc
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark-meta v1.1.0
-	gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go v0.142.4
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.47.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.31.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.75.0
-	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.8
-	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.0
+	gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go v1.46.0
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.3
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.38.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.79.3
+	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
+	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	mvdan.cc/xurls/v2 v2.6.0
-	strk.kbt.io/projects/go/libravatar v0.0.0-20191008002943-06d1c002b251
+	strk.kbt.io/projects/go/libravatar v0.0.0-20260301104140-add494e31dab
 	xorm.io/builder v0.3.13
-	xorm.io/xorm v1.3.10
+	xorm.io/xorm v1.3.11
 )

 require (
-	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.8.0 // indirect
+	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
 	code.gitea.io/gitea-vet v0.2.3 // indirect
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
-	git.sr.ht/~mariusor/go-xsd-duration v0.0.0-20220703122237-02e73435a078 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.11.2 // indirect
 	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.7 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring/v2 v2.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring/v2 v2.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/STARRY-S/zip v0.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/andybalholm/cascadia v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.38.3 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.6 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.6 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.23.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.5 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.21 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.21 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 // indirect
 	github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.0 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/bleve_index_api v1.2.9 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/geo v0.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/go-faiss v1.0.25 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.4 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/bleve_index_api v1.3.7 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/geo v0.2.5 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/go-faiss v1.0.30 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/go-porterstemmer v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/gtreap v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/mmap-go v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/scorch_segment_api/v2 v2.3.11 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/mmap-go v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/scorch_segment_api/v2 v2.4.5 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/segment v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/snowballstem v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/upsidedown_store_api v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/vellum v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v11 v11.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v12 v12.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v13 v13.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v14 v14.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v15 v15.4.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v16 v16.2.4 // indirect
-	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/vellum v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v11 v11.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v12 v12.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v13 v13.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v14 v14.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v15 v15.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v16 v16.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bradfitz/gomemcache v0.0.0-20250403215159-8d39553ac7cf // indirect
-	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.3 // indirect
+	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.5 // indirect
 	github.com/cention-sany/utf7 v0.0.0-20170124080048-26cad61bd60a // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/couchbase/go-couchbase v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/couchbase/gomemcached v0.3.3 // indirect
-	github.com/couchbase/goutils v0.1.2 // indirect
+	github.com/couchbase/gomemcached v0.3.4 // indirect
+	github.com/couchbase/goutils v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/davidmz/go-pageant v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
 	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/git-lfs/pktline v0.0.0-20230103162542-ca444d533ef1 // indirect
-	github.com/go-ap/errors v0.0.0-20250527110557-c8db454e53fd // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
 	github.com/go-enry/go-oniguruma v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-fed/httpsig v1.1.1-0.20201223112313-55836744818e // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/gcfg v1.5.1-0.20230307220236-3a3c6141e376 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ini/ini v1.67.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.24 // indirect
-	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v4 v4.5.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20220223132316-b832511892a9 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/sqlexp v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
-	github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.2.10+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.5 // indirect
+	github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.12.19+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
@@ -216,55 +211,56 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
+	github.com/inbucket/html2text v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/go-context v0.0.0-20150711004518-d14ea06fba99 // indirect
+	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/crc32 v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.2 // indirect
 	github.com/markbates/going v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.21 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.68 // indirect
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.6 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.72 // indirect
 	github.com/mikelolasagasti/xz v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/crc64nvme v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/md5-simd v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/minio/minlz v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/minio/minlz v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mrjones/oauth v0.0.0-20190623134757-126b35219450 // indirect
 	github.com/mschoch/smat v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/cat v0.0.0-20250817074551-3280053e4e00 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/errors v1.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/ll v0.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v1.0.9 // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/cat v0.0.0-20250911104152-50322a0618f6 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/errors v1.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/ll v0.1.8 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v1.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.16.5 // indirect
 	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.22 // indirect
-	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 // indirect
+	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.65.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.17.0 // indirect
-	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.7 // indirect
-	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 // indirect
+	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.12 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
-	github.com/skeema/knownhosts v1.3.1 // indirect
+	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
+	github.com/skeema/knownhosts v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/sorairolake/lzip-go v0.3.8 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ssor/bom v0.0.0-20170718123548-6386211fdfcf // indirect
-	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/unknwon/com v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/valyala/fastjson v1.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/xanzy/ssh-agent v0.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonpointer v0.0.0-20190905194746-02993c407bfb // indirect
@@ -275,16 +271,17 @@ require (
 	go.etcd.io/bbolt v1.4.3 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/atomic v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
-	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.0 // indirect
+	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 // indirect
-	go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
+	go4.org v0.0.0-20260112195520-a5071408f32f // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250819193227-8b4c13bb791b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.29.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.12.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.38.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20250826171959-ef028d996bc1 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.34.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401020348-3a24fdc17823 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2 // indirect
-	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 )

 ignore (
@@ -292,20 +289,22 @@ ignore (
 	./node_modules
 )

-replace github.com/jaytaylor/html2text => github.com/Necoro/html2text v0.0.0-20250804200300-7bf1ce1c7347
+// When doing "go get -u ./...", Golang will try to update all dependencies
+// But not all latest versions of dependencies are compatible with other packages or our codebase, so we need to pin some dependencies to specific versions
+// Need to regularly maintain this list to try to update them to latest versions, especially the TODO ones

-replace github.com/hashicorp/go-version => github.com/6543/go-version v1.3.1
+replace github.com/jaytaylor/html2text => github.com/Necoro/html2text v0.0.0-20250804200300-7bf1ce1c7347 // jaytaylor/html2text is unmaintained

-replace github.com/nektos/act => gitea.com/gitea/act v0.261.7-0.20251003180512-ac6e4b751763
+replace github.com/nektos/act => gitea.com/gitea/act v0.261.10 // gitea maintains its own package

-replace git.sr.ht/~mariusor/go-xsd-duration => gitea.com/gitea/go-xsd-duration v0.0.0-20220703122237-02e73435a078
+replace github.com/urfave/cli/v3 => github.com/urfave/cli/v3 v3.4.1 // v3.6.2 breaks -c flag parsing in help commands

-exclude github.com/gofrs/uuid v3.2.0+incompatible
+replace go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 => go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.3 // rc.4 changes block scalar serialization, wait for stable release

-exclude github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible
+replace github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore => github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.19.0 // v1.21.0+ uses API version unsupported by Azurite in CI

-exclude github.com/goccy/go-json v0.4.11
+replace github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob => github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2 // v1.6.4+ uses API version unsupported by Azurite in CI

-exclude github.com/satori/go.uuid v1.2.0
+replace github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb => github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.7 // downgraded with Azure SDK

 tool code.gitea.io/gitea-vet
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
--- a/knip.config.ts
+++ b/knip.config.ts
@@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
-import type {KnipConfig} from 'knip';
-
-export default {
-  entry: [
-    '*.ts',
-    'tools/**/*.ts',
-    'tests/e2e/**/*.ts',
-  ],
-  ignoreDependencies: [
-    // dependencies used in Makefile or tools
-    '@primer/octicons',
-    'markdownlint-cli',
-    'nolyfill',
-    'spectral-cli-bundle',
-    'vue-tsc',
-    'webpack-cli',
-  ],
-} satisfies KnipConfig;
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@@ -26,9 +26,8 @@ import (

 // these flags will be set by the build flags
 var (
-	Version     = "development" // program version for this build
-	Tags        = ""            // the Golang build tags
-	MakeVersion = ""            // "make" program version if built with make
+	Version = "development" // program version for this build
+	Tags    = ""            // the Golang build tags
 )

 func init() {
@@ -50,9 +49,6 @@ func main() {

 func formatBuiltWith() string {
 	version := runtime.Version()
-	if len(MakeVersion) > 0 {
-		version = MakeVersion + ", " + runtime.Version()
-	}
 	if len(Tags) == 0 {
 		return " built with " + version
 	}
--- a/models/actions/artifact.go
+++ b/models/actions/artifact.go
@@ -53,6 +53,11 @@ func init() {
 	db.RegisterModel(new(ActionArtifact))
 }

+const (
+	ContentEncodingV3Gzip = "gzip"
+	ContentTypeZip        = "application/zip"
+)
+
 // ActionArtifact is a file that is stored in the artifact storage.
 type ActionArtifact struct {
 	ID                 int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
@@ -61,16 +66,26 @@ type ActionArtifact struct {
 	RepoID             int64 `xorm:"index"`
 	OwnerID            int64
 	CommitSHA          string
-	StoragePath        string             // The path to the artifact in the storage
-	FileSize           int64              // The size of the artifact in bytes
-	FileCompressedSize int64              // The size of the artifact in bytes after gzip compression
-	ContentEncoding    string             // The content encoding of the artifact
-	ArtifactPath       string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The path to the artifact when runner uploads it
-	ArtifactName       string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The name of the artifact when runner uploads it
-	Status             ArtifactStatus     `xorm:"index"`                         // The status of the artifact, uploading, expired or need-delete
-	CreatedUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
-	UpdatedUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated index"`
-	ExpiredUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"` // The time when the artifact will be expired
+	StoragePath        string // The path to the artifact in the storage
+	FileSize           int64  // The size of the artifact in bytes
+	FileCompressedSize int64  // The size of the artifact in bytes after gzip compression
+
+	// The content encoding or content type of the artifact
+	// * empty or null: legacy (v3) uncompressed content
+	// * magic string "gzip" (ContentEncodingV3Gzip): v3 gzip compressed content
+	//   * requires gzip decoding before storing in a zip for download
+	//   * requires gzip content-encoding header when downloaded single files within a workflow
+	// * mime type for "Content-Type":
+	//   * "application/zip" (ContentTypeZip), seems to be an abuse, fortunately there is no conflict, and it won't cause problems?
+	//   * "application/pdf", "text/html", etc.: real content type of the artifact
+	ContentEncodingOrType string `xorm:"content_encoding"`
+
+	ArtifactPath string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The path to the artifact when runner uploads it
+	ArtifactName string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The name of the artifact when runner uploads it
+	Status       ArtifactStatus     `xorm:"index"`                         // The status of the artifact, uploading, expired or need-delete
+	CreatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated index"`
+	ExpiredUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"` // The time when the artifact will be expired
 }

 func CreateArtifact(ctx context.Context, t *ActionTask, artifactName, artifactPath string, expiredDays int64) (*ActionArtifact, error) {
@@ -156,7 +171,8 @@ func (opts FindArtifactsOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	}
 	if opts.FinalizedArtifactsV4 {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"status": ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed}.Or(builder.Eq{"status": ArtifactStatusExpired}))
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"content_encoding": "application/zip"})
+		// see the comment of ActionArtifact.ContentEncodingOrType: "*/*" means the field is a content type
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Like{"content_encoding", "%/%"})
 	}

 	return cond
@@ -170,10 +186,10 @@ type ActionArtifactMeta struct {
 }

 // ListUploadedArtifactsMeta returns all uploaded artifacts meta of a run
-func ListUploadedArtifactsMeta(ctx context.Context, runID int64) ([]*ActionArtifactMeta, error) {
+func ListUploadedArtifactsMeta(ctx context.Context, repoID, runID int64) ([]*ActionArtifactMeta, error) {
 	arts := make([]*ActionArtifactMeta, 0, 10)
 	return arts, db.GetEngine(ctx).Table("action_artifact").
-		Where("run_id=? AND (status=? OR status=?)", runID, ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed, ArtifactStatusExpired).
+		Where("repo_id=? AND run_id=? AND (status=? OR status=?)", repoID, runID, ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed, ArtifactStatusExpired).
 		GroupBy("artifact_name").
 		Select("artifact_name, sum(file_size) as file_size, max(status) as status").
 		Find(&arts)
--- a/models/actions/config.go
+++ b/models/actions/config.go
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+
+	"xorm.io/xorm/convert"
+)
+
+// OwnerActionsConfig defines the Actions configuration for a user or organization
+type OwnerActionsConfig struct {
+	// TokenPermissionMode defines the default permission mode (permissive, restricted)
+	TokenPermissionMode repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionMode `json:"token_permission_mode,omitempty"`
+
+	// MaxTokenPermissions defines the absolute maximum permissions any token can have in this context.
+	MaxTokenPermissions *repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions `json:"max_token_permissions,omitempty"`
+
+	// AllowedCrossRepoIDs is a list of specific repo IDs that can be accessed cross-repo
+	AllowedCrossRepoIDs []int64 `json:"allowed_cross_repo_ids,omitempty"`
+}
+
+var _ convert.ConversionFrom = (*OwnerActionsConfig)(nil)
+
+func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) FromDB(bytes []byte) error {
+	_ = json.Unmarshal(bytes, cfg)
+	cfg.TokenPermissionMode, _ = util.EnumValue(cfg.TokenPermissionMode)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetOwnerActionsConfig loads the OwnerActionsConfig for a user or organization from user settings
+// It returns a default config if no setting is found
+func GetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx context.Context, userID int64) (ret OwnerActionsConfig, err error) {
+	return user_model.GetUserSettingJSON(ctx, userID, user_model.SettingsKeyActionsConfig, ret)
+}
+
+// SetOwnerActionsConfig saves the OwnerActionsConfig for a user or organization to user settings
+func SetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx context.Context, userID int64, cfg OwnerActionsConfig) error {
+	return user_model.SetUserSettingJSON(ctx, userID, user_model.SettingsKeyActionsConfig, cfg)
+}
+
+// GetDefaultTokenPermissions returns the default token permissions by its TokenPermissionMode.
+func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) GetDefaultTokenPermissions() repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
+	switch cfg.TokenPermissionMode {
+	case repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionModeRestricted:
+		return repo_model.MakeRestrictedPermissions()
+	case repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionModePermissive:
+		return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeWrite)
+	default:
+		return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeNone)
+	}
+}
+
+// GetMaxTokenPermissions returns the maximum allowed permissions
+func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) GetMaxTokenPermissions() repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
+	if cfg.MaxTokenPermissions != nil {
+		return *cfg.MaxTokenPermissions
+	}
+	// Default max is write for everything
+	return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeWrite)
+}
+
+// ClampPermissions ensures that the given permissions don't exceed the maximum
+func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) ClampPermissions(perms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions) repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
+	maxPerms := cfg.GetMaxTokenPermissions()
+	return repo_model.ClampActionsTokenPermissions(perms, maxPerms)
+}
--- a/models/actions/run.go
+++ b/models/actions/run.go
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ func (run *ActionRun) HTMLURL() string {
 	if run.Repo == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.HTMLURL(), run.Index)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.HTMLURL(), run.ID)
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) Link() string {
 	if run.Repo == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.Link(), run.Index)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.Link(), run.ID)
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) WorkflowLink() string {
@@ -153,7 +153,11 @@ func (run *ActionRun) LoadRepo(ctx context.Context) error {
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(run.Started, run.Stopped, run.Status) + run.PreviousDuration
+	d := calculateDuration(run.Started, run.Stopped, run.Status, run.Updated) + run.PreviousDuration
+	if d < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return d
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) GetPushEventPayload() (*api.PushPayload, error) {
@@ -168,7 +172,7 @@ func (run *ActionRun) GetPushEventPayload() (*api.PushPayload, error) {
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) GetPullRequestEventPayload() (*api.PullRequestPayload, error) {
-	if run.Event.IsPullRequest() {
+	if run.Event.IsPullRequest() || run.Event.IsPullRequestReview() {
 		var payload api.PullRequestPayload
 		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(run.EventPayload), &payload); err != nil {
 			return nil, err
@@ -299,7 +303,7 @@ func CancelJobs(ctx context.Context, jobs []*ActionRunJob) ([]*ActionRunJob, err
 		if err := StopTask(ctx, job.TaskID, StatusCancelled); err != nil {
 			return cancelledJobs, err
 		}
-		updatedJob, err := GetRunJobByID(ctx, job.ID)
+		updatedJob, err := GetRunJobByRunAndID(ctx, job.RunID, job.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return cancelledJobs, fmt.Errorf("get job: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -322,16 +326,16 @@ func GetRunByRepoAndID(ctx context.Context, repoID, runID int64) (*ActionRun, er
 	return &run, nil
 }

-func GetRunByIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID, index int64) (*ActionRun, error) {
+func GetRunByRepoAndIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID, runIndex int64) (*ActionRun, error) {
 	run := &ActionRun{
 		RepoID: repoID,
-		Index:  index,
+		Index:  runIndex,
 	}
 	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Get(run)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run with index %d %d: %w", repoID, index, util.ErrNotExist)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run with repo_id %d and index %d: %w", repoID, runIndex, util.ErrNotExist)
 	}

 	return run, nil
--- a/models/actions/run_job.go
+++ b/models/actions/run_job.go
@@ -11,13 +11,18 @@ import (

 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions/jobparser"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"

-	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 )

+// MaxJobNumPerRun is the maximum number of jobs in a single run.
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/limits#existing-system-limits
+// TODO: check this limit when creating jobs
+const MaxJobNumPerRun = 256
+
 // ActionRunJob represents a job of a run
 type ActionRunJob struct {
 	ID                int64
@@ -51,6 +56,11 @@ type ActionRunJob struct {
 	ConcurrencyGroup  string `xorm:"index(repo_concurrency) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"` // evaluated concurrency.group
 	ConcurrencyCancel bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE"`                      // evaluated concurrency.cancel-in-progress

+	// TokenPermissions stores the explicit permissions from workflow/job YAML (no org/repo clamps applied).
+	// Org/repo clamps are enforced when the token is used at runtime.
+	// It is JSON-encoded repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions and may be empty if not specified.
+	TokenPermissions *repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+
 	Started timeutil.TimeStamp
 	Stopped timeutil.TimeStamp
 	Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
@@ -62,7 +72,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 func (job *ActionRunJob) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(job.Started, job.Stopped, job.Status)
+	return calculateDuration(job.Started, job.Stopped, job.Status, job.Updated)
 }

 func (job *ActionRunJob) LoadRun(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -118,13 +128,25 @@ func (job *ActionRunJob) ParseJob() (*jobparser.Job, error) {
 	return workflowJob, nil
 }

-func GetRunJobByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
+func GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx context.Context, repoID, jobID int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
 	var job ActionRunJob
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=?", id).Get(&job)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=? AND repo_id=?", jobID, repoID).Get(&job)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", id, util.ErrNotExist)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", jobID, util.ErrNotExist)
+	}
+
+	return &job, nil
+}
+
+func GetRunJobByRunAndID(ctx context.Context, runID, jobID int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
+	var job ActionRunJob
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=? AND run_id=?", jobID, runID).Get(&job)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", jobID, util.ErrNotExist)
 	}

 	return &job, nil
@@ -168,7 +190,7 @@ func UpdateRunJob(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob, cond builder.Cond, col

 	if job.RunID == 0 {
 		var err error
-		if job, err = GetRunJobByID(ctx, job.ID); err != nil {
+		if job, err = GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx, job.RepoID, job.ID); err != nil {
 			return 0, err
 		}
 	}
--- a/models/actions/run_test.go
+++ b/models/actions/run_test.go
@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ package actions

 import (
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -33,3 +35,13 @@ func TestUpdateRepoRunsNumbers(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 5, repo.NumActionRuns)
 	assert.Equal(t, 3, repo.NumClosedActionRuns)
 }
+
+func TestActionRun_Duration_NonNegative(t *testing.T) {
+	run := &ActionRun{
+		Started:          timeutil.TimeStamp(100),
+		Stopped:          timeutil.TimeStamp(200),
+		Status:           StatusSuccess,
+		PreviousDuration: -time.Hour,
+	}
+	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), run.Duration())
+}
--- a/models/actions/runner.go
+++ b/models/actions/runner.go
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ type ActionRunner struct {
 	AgentLabels []string `xorm:"TEXT"`
 	// Store if this is a runner that only ever get one single job assigned
 	Ephemeral bool `xorm:"ephemeral NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	// Store if this runner is disabled and should not pick up new jobs
+	IsDisabled bool `xorm:"is_disabled NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`

 	Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
 	Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
@@ -199,6 +201,7 @@ type FindRunnerOptions struct {
 	Sort          string
 	Filter        string
 	IsOnline      optional.Option[bool]
+	IsDisabled    optional.Option[bool]
 	WithAvailable bool // not only runners belong to, but also runners can be used
 }

@@ -239,6 +242,10 @@ func (opts FindRunnerOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 			cond = cond.And(builder.Lte{"last_online": time.Now().Add(-RunnerOfflineTime).Unix()})
 		}
 	}
+
+	if opts.IsDisabled.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_disabled": opts.IsDisabled.Value()})
+	}
 	return cond
 }

@@ -297,6 +304,20 @@ func UpdateRunner(ctx context.Context, r *ActionRunner, cols ...string) error {
 	return err
 }

+func SetRunnerDisabled(ctx context.Context, runner *ActionRunner, isDisabled bool) error {
+	if runner.IsDisabled == isDisabled {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		runner.IsDisabled = isDisabled
+		if err := UpdateRunner(ctx, runner, "is_disabled"); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		return IncreaseTaskVersion(ctx, runner.OwnerID, runner.RepoID)
+	})
+}
+
 // DeleteRunner deletes a runner by given ID.
 func DeleteRunner(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	if _, err := GetRunnerByID(ctx, id); err != nil {
--- a/models/actions/task.go
+++ b/models/actions/task.go
@@ -8,11 +8,13 @@ import (
 	"crypto/subtle"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
+	"strings"
 	"time"

 	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions/jobparser"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 func (task *ActionTask) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(task.Started, task.Stopped, task.Status)
+	return calculateDuration(task.Started, task.Stopped, task.Status, task.Updated)
 }

 func (task *ActionTask) IsStopped() bool {
@@ -112,7 +114,7 @@ func (task *ActionTask) GetRepoLink() string {

 func (task *ActionTask) LoadJob(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if task.Job == nil {
-		job, err := GetRunJobByID(ctx, task.JobID)
+		job, err := GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx, task.RepoID, task.JobID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -214,6 +216,20 @@ func GetRunningTaskByToken(ctx context.Context, token string) (*ActionTask, erro
 	return nil, errNotExist
 }

+func makeTaskStepDisplayName(step *jobparser.Step, limit int) (name string) {
+	if step.Name != "" {
+		name = step.Name // the step has an explicit name
+	} else {
+		// for unnamed step, its "String()" method tries to get a display name by its "name", "uses",
+		// "run" or "id" (last fallback), we add the "Run " prefix for unnamed steps for better display
+		// for multi-line "run" scripts, only use the first line to match GitHub's behavior
+		// https://github.com/actions/runner/blob/66800900843747f37591b077091dd2c8cf2c1796/src/Runner.Worker/Handlers/ScriptHandler.cs#L45-L58
+		runStr, _, _ := strings.Cut(strings.TrimSpace(step.Run), "\n")
+		name = "Run " + util.IfZero(strings.TrimSpace(runStr), step.String())
+	}
+	return util.EllipsisDisplayString(name, limit) // database column has a length limit
+}
+
 func CreateTaskForRunner(ctx context.Context, runner *ActionRunner) (*ActionTask, bool, error) {
 	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -293,9 +309,8 @@ func CreateTaskForRunner(ctx context.Context, runner *ActionRunner) (*ActionTask
 	if len(workflowJob.Steps) > 0 {
 		steps := make([]*ActionTaskStep, len(workflowJob.Steps))
 		for i, v := range workflowJob.Steps {
-			name := util.EllipsisDisplayString(v.String(), 255)
 			steps[i] = &ActionTaskStep{
-				Name:   name,
+				Name:   makeTaskStepDisplayName(v, 255),
 				TaskID: task.ID,
 				Index:  int64(i),
 				RepoID: task.RepoID,
@@ -373,6 +388,7 @@ func UpdateTaskByState(ctx context.Context, runnerID int64, state *runnerv1.Task
 			}
 			if _, err := UpdateRunJob(ctx, &ActionRunJob{
 				ID:      task.JobID,
+				RepoID:  task.RepoID,
 				Status:  task.Status,
 				Stopped: task.Stopped,
 			}, nil); err != nil {
@@ -434,6 +450,7 @@ func StopTask(ctx context.Context, taskID int64, status Status) error {
 	task.Stopped = now
 	if _, err := UpdateRunJob(ctx, &ActionRunJob{
 		ID:      task.JobID,
+		RepoID:  task.RepoID,
 		Status:  task.Status,
 		Stopped: task.Stopped,
 	}, nil); err != nil {
--- a/models/actions/task_step.go
+++ b/models/actions/task_step.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 // ActionTaskStep represents a step of ActionTask
 type ActionTaskStep struct {
 	ID        int64
-	Name      string `xorm:"VARCHAR(255)"`
+	Name      string `xorm:"VARCHAR(255)"` // the step name, for display purpose only, it will be truncated if it is too long
 	TaskID    int64  `xorm:"index unique(task_index)"`
 	Index     int64  `xorm:"index unique(task_index)"`
 	RepoID    int64  `xorm:"index"`
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type ActionTaskStep struct {
 }

 func (step *ActionTaskStep) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(step.Started, step.Stopped, step.Status)
+	return calculateDuration(step.Started, step.Stopped, step.Status, step.Updated)
 }

 func init() {
--- a/models/actions/task_test.go
+++ b/models/actions/task_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions/jobparser"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestMakeTaskStepDisplayName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		jobStep  *jobparser.Step
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "explicit name",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Name: "Test Step",
+			},
+			expected: "Test Step",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "uses step",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Uses: "actions/checkout@v4",
+			},
+			expected: "Run actions/checkout@v4",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single-line run",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Run: "echo hello",
+			},
+			expected: "Run echo hello",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multi-line run block scalar",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Run: "\n  echo hello  \r\n  echo world  \n  ",
+			},
+			expected: "Run echo hello",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "fallback to id",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				ID: "step-id",
+			},
+			expected: "Run step-id",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "very long name truncated",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Name: strings.Repeat("a", 300),
+			},
+			expected: strings.Repeat("a", 252) + "…",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "very long run truncated",
+			jobStep: &jobparser.Step{
+				Run: strings.Repeat("a", 300),
+			},
+			expected: "Run " + strings.Repeat("a", 248) + "…",
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := makeTaskStepDisplayName(tt.jobStep, 255)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.expected, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/models/actions/token_permissions.go
+++ b/models/actions/token_permissions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+)
+
+// ComputeTaskTokenPermissions computes the effective permissions for a job token against the target repository.
+// It uses the job's stored permissions (if any), then applies org/repo clamps and fork/cross-repo restrictions.
+// Note: target repository access policy checks are enforced in GetActionsUserRepoPermission; this function only computes the job token's effective permission ceiling.
+func ComputeTaskTokenPermissions(ctx context.Context, task *ActionTask, targetRepo *repo_model.Repository) (ret repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions, err error) {
+	if err := task.LoadJob(ctx); err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	if err := task.Job.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+	runRepo := task.Job.Repo
+
+	if err := runRepo.LoadOwner(ctx); err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	repoActionsCfg := runRepo.MustGetUnit(ctx, unit.TypeActions).ActionsConfig()
+	ownerActionsCfg, err := GetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx, runRepo.OwnerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ret, err
+	}
+
+	var jobDeclaredPerms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions
+	if task.Job.TokenPermissions != nil {
+		jobDeclaredPerms = *task.Job.TokenPermissions
+	} else if repoActionsCfg.OverrideOwnerConfig {
+		jobDeclaredPerms = repoActionsCfg.GetDefaultTokenPermissions()
+	} else {
+		jobDeclaredPerms = ownerActionsCfg.GetDefaultTokenPermissions()
+	}
+
+	var effectivePerms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions
+	if repoActionsCfg.OverrideOwnerConfig {
+		effectivePerms = repoActionsCfg.ClampPermissions(jobDeclaredPerms)
+	} else {
+		effectivePerms = ownerActionsCfg.ClampPermissions(jobDeclaredPerms)
+	}
+
+	// Cross-repository access and fork pull requests are strictly read-only for security.
+	// This ensures a "task repo" cannot gain write access to other repositories via CrossRepoAccess settings.
+	isSameRepo := task.Job.RepoID == targetRepo.ID
+	restrictCrossRepoAccess := task.IsForkPullRequest || !isSameRepo
+	if restrictCrossRepoAccess {
+		effectivePerms = repo_model.ClampActionsTokenPermissions(effectivePerms, repo_model.MakeRestrictedPermissions())
+	}
+
+	return effectivePerms, nil
+}
--- a/models/actions/utils.go
+++ b/models/actions/utils.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 )
@@ -72,13 +73,25 @@ func (indexes *LogIndexes) ToDB() ([]byte, error) {

 var timeSince = time.Since

-func calculateDuration(started, stopped timeutil.TimeStamp, status Status) time.Duration {
+// calculateDuration computes wall time for a run, job, task, or step. When status is terminal
+// but stopped is missing or inconsistent with started, fallbackEnd (typically the row Updated
+// time) is used so duration still reflects approximate elapsed time instead of 0 or a negative.
+func calculateDuration(started, stopped timeutil.TimeStamp, status Status, fallbackEnd timeutil.TimeStamp) time.Duration {
 	if started == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	s := started.AsTime()
 	if status.IsDone() {
-		return stopped.AsTime().Sub(s)
+		end := stopped
+		if stopped.IsZero() || stopped < started {
+			if !fallbackEnd.IsZero() && fallbackEnd >= started {
+				end = fallbackEnd
+			} else {
+				log.Trace("actions: invalid duration timestamps (started=%d, stopped=%d, fallbackEnd=%d, status=%s)", started, stopped, fallbackEnd, status)
+				return 0
+			}
+		}
+		return end.AsTime().Sub(s)
 	}
 	return timeSince(s).Truncate(time.Second)
 }
--- a/models/actions/utils_test.go
+++ b/models/actions/utils_test.go
@@ -45,9 +45,10 @@ func Test_calculateDuration(t *testing.T) {
 		return timeutil.TimeStamp(1000).AsTime().Sub(t)
 	}
 	type args struct {
-		started timeutil.TimeStamp
-		stopped timeutil.TimeStamp
-		status  Status
+		started     timeutil.TimeStamp
+		stopped     timeutil.TimeStamp
+		status      Status
+		fallbackEnd timeutil.TimeStamp
 	}
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -81,10 +82,48 @@ func Test_calculateDuration(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			want: 100 * time.Second,
 		},
+		{
+			name: "done_stopped_zero_no_fallback",
+			args: args{
+				started: 500,
+				stopped: 0,
+				status:  StatusSuccess,
+			},
+			want: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "done_stopped_zero_uses_fallback",
+			args: args{
+				started:     500,
+				stopped:     0,
+				status:      StatusSuccess,
+				fallbackEnd: 600,
+			},
+			want: 100 * time.Second,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "done_stopped_before_started_no_fallback",
+			args: args{
+				started: 600,
+				stopped: 550,
+				status:  StatusSuccess,
+			},
+			want: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "done_stopped_before_started_uses_fallback",
+			args: args{
+				started:     600,
+				stopped:     550,
+				status:      StatusSuccess,
+				fallbackEnd: 650,
+			},
+			want: 50 * time.Second,
+		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equalf(t, tt.want, calculateDuration(tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status), "calculateDuration(%v, %v, %v)", tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status)
+			assert.Equalf(t, tt.want, calculateDuration(tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status, tt.args.fallbackEnd), "calculateDuration(%v, %v, %v, %v)", tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status, tt.args.fallbackEnd)
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/models/activities/action_list.go
+++ b/models/activities/action_list.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func (actions ActionList) getUserIDs() []int64 {

 func (actions ActionList) LoadActUsers(ctx context.Context) (map[int64]*user_model.User, error) {
 	if len(actions) == 0 {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // returns nil when there are no actions
 	}

 	userIDs := actions.getUserIDs()
--- a/models/activities/notification_list.go
+++ b/models/activities/notification_list.go
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func createOrUpdateIssueNotifications(ctx context.Context, issueID, commentID, n
 		}
 		toNotify.AddMultiple(issueParticipants...)

-		// dont notify user who cause notification
+		// don't notify user who cause notification
 		delete(toNotify, notificationAuthorID)
 		// explicit unwatch on issue
 		issueUnWatches, err := issues_model.GetIssueWatchersIDs(ctx, issueID, false)
--- a/models/activities/user_heatmap.go
+++ b/models/activities/user_heatmap.go
@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ type UserHeatmapData struct {
 	Contributions int64              `json:"contributions"`
 }

-// GetUserHeatmapDataByUser returns an array of UserHeatmapData
+// GetUserHeatmapDataByUser returns an array of UserHeatmapData, it checks whether doer can access user's activity
 func GetUserHeatmapDataByUser(ctx context.Context, user, doer *user_model.User) ([]*UserHeatmapData, error) {
 	return getUserHeatmapData(ctx, user, nil, doer)
 }

-// GetUserHeatmapDataByUserTeam returns an array of UserHeatmapData
-func GetUserHeatmapDataByUserTeam(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User, team *organization.Team, doer *user_model.User) ([]*UserHeatmapData, error) {
-	return getUserHeatmapData(ctx, user, team, doer)
+// GetUserHeatmapDataByOrgTeam returns an array of UserHeatmapData, it checks whether doer can access org's activity
+func GetUserHeatmapDataByOrgTeam(ctx context.Context, org *organization.Organization, team *organization.Team, doer *user_model.User) ([]*UserHeatmapData, error) {
+	return getUserHeatmapData(ctx, org.AsUser(), team, doer)
 }

 func getUserHeatmapData(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User, team *organization.Team, doer *user_model.User) ([]*UserHeatmapData, error) {
@@ -71,12 +71,3 @@ func getUserHeatmapData(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User, team *organi
 		OrderBy("timestamp").
 		Find(&hdata)
 }
-
-// GetTotalContributionsInHeatmap returns the total number of contributions in a heatmap
-func GetTotalContributionsInHeatmap(hdata []*UserHeatmapData) int64 {
-	var total int64
-	for _, v := range hdata {
-		total += v.Contributions
-	}
-	return total
-}
--- a/models/asymkey/gpg_key_commit_verification.go
+++ b/models/asymkey/gpg_key_commit_verification.go
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ func hashAndVerify(sig *packet.Signature, payload string, k *GPGKey) (*GPGKey, e
 	// We will ignore errors in verification as they don't need to be propagated up
 	err = verifySign(sig, hash, k)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // verification failed, not an error
 	}
 	return k, nil
 }
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ func hashAndVerifyWithSubKeys(sig *packet.Signature, payload string, k *GPGKey)
 			return verified, err
 		}
 	}
-	return nil, nil
+	return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // verification failed, not an error
 }

 func HashAndVerifyWithSubKeysCommitVerification(sig *packet.Signature, payload string, k *GPGKey, committer, signer *user_model.User, email string) *CommitVerification {
--- a/models/asymkey/gpg_key_test.go
+++ b/models/asymkey/gpg_key_test.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"

 	"github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto/openpgp"
 	"github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto/openpgp/packet"
@@ -398,7 +397,7 @@ epiDVQ==
 func TestTryGetKeyIDFromSignature(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Empty(t, TryGetKeyIDFromSignature(&packet.Signature{}))
 	assert.Equal(t, "038D1A3EADDBEA9C", TryGetKeyIDFromSignature(&packet.Signature{
-		IssuerKeyId: util.ToPointer(uint64(0x38D1A3EADDBEA9C)),
+		IssuerKeyId: new(uint64(0x38D1A3EADDBEA9C)),
 	}))
 	assert.Equal(t, "038D1A3EADDBEA9C", TryGetKeyIDFromSignature(&packet.Signature{
 		IssuerFingerprint: []uint8{0xb, 0x23, 0x24, 0xc7, 0xe6, 0xfe, 0x4f, 0x3a, 0x6, 0x26, 0xc1, 0x21, 0x3, 0x8d, 0x1a, 0x3e, 0xad, 0xdb, 0xea, 0x9c},
@@ -419,7 +418,7 @@ func TestParseGPGKey(t *testing.T) {

 	// then revoke the key
 	for _, id := range e.Identities {
-		id.Revocations = append(id.Revocations, &packet.Signature{RevocationReason: util.ToPointer(packet.KeyCompromised)})
+		id.Revocations = append(id.Revocations, &packet.Signature{RevocationReason: new(packet.KeyCompromised)})
 	}
 	k, err = parseGPGKey(t.Context(), 1, e, true)
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/models/auth/oauth2.go
+++ b/models/auth/oauth2.go
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"net/url"
 	"slices"
 	"strings"
+	"time"

 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
@@ -27,6 +28,11 @@ import (
 	"xorm.io/xorm"
 )

+// Authorization codes should expire within 10 minutes per https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6749#section-4.1.2
+const oauth2AuthorizationCodeValidity = 10 * time.Minute
+
+var ErrOAuth2AuthorizationCodeInvalidated = errors.New("oauth2 authorization code already invalidated")
+
 // OAuth2Application represents an OAuth2 client (RFC 6749)
 type OAuth2Application struct {
 	ID           int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
@@ -209,7 +215,7 @@ func (app *OAuth2Application) GetGrantByUserID(ctx context.Context, userID int64
 	if has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("user_id = ? AND application_id = ?", userID, app.ID).Get(grant); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // return nil to indicate that the object does not exist
 	}
 	return grant, nil
 }
@@ -386,6 +392,14 @@ func (code *OAuth2AuthorizationCode) TableName() string {
 	return "oauth2_authorization_code"
 }

+// IsExpired reports whether the authorization code is expired.
+func (code *OAuth2AuthorizationCode) IsExpired() bool {
+	if code.ValidUntil.IsZero() {
+		return true
+	}
+	return code.ValidUntil <= timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+}
+
 // GenerateRedirectURI generates a redirect URI for a successful authorization request. State will be used if not empty.
 func (code *OAuth2AuthorizationCode) GenerateRedirectURI(state string) (*url.URL, error) {
 	redirect, err := url.Parse(code.RedirectURI)
@@ -403,8 +417,14 @@ func (code *OAuth2AuthorizationCode) GenerateRedirectURI(state string) (*url.URL

 // Invalidate deletes the auth code from the database to invalidate this code
 func (code *OAuth2AuthorizationCode) Invalidate(ctx context.Context) error {
-	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(code.ID).NoAutoCondition().Delete(code)
-	return err
+	affected, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(code.ID).NoAutoCondition().Delete(code)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if affected == 0 {
+		return ErrOAuth2AuthorizationCodeInvalidated
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 // ValidateCodeChallenge validates the given verifier against the saved code challenge. This is part of the PKCE implementation.
@@ -431,13 +451,13 @@ func GetOAuth2AuthorizationByCode(ctx context.Context, code string) (auth *OAuth
 	if has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("code = ?", code).Get(auth); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // return nil to indicate that the object does not exist
 	}
 	auth.Grant = new(OAuth2Grant)
 	if has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(auth.GrantID).Get(auth.Grant); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // return nil to indicate that the object does not exist
 	}
 	return auth, nil
 }
@@ -472,6 +492,7 @@ func (grant *OAuth2Grant) GenerateNewAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, redi
 	// for code scanners to grab sensitive tokens.
 	codeSecret := "gta_" + base32Lower.EncodeToString(rBytes)

+	validUntil := time.Now().Add(oauth2AuthorizationCodeValidity)
 	code = &OAuth2AuthorizationCode{
 		Grant:               grant,
 		GrantID:             grant.ID,
@@ -479,6 +500,7 @@ func (grant *OAuth2Grant) GenerateNewAuthorizationCode(ctx context.Context, redi
 		Code:                codeSecret,
 		CodeChallenge:       codeChallenge,
 		CodeChallengeMethod: codeChallengeMethod,
+		ValidUntil:          timeutil.TimeStamp(validUntil.Unix()),
 	}
 	if err := db.Insert(ctx, code); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -521,7 +543,7 @@ func GetOAuth2GrantByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (grant *OAuth2Grant, err
 	if has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(id).Get(grant); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // return nil to indicate that the object does not exist
 	}
 	return grant, err
 }
--- a/models/auth/oauth2_test.go
+++ b/models/auth/oauth2_test.go
@@ -5,13 +5,45 @@ package auth_test

 import (
 	"testing"
+	"time"

 	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )

+func TestOAuth2AuthorizationCodeValidity(t *testing.T) {
+	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	t.Run("GenerateSetsValidUntil", func(t *testing.T) {
+		grant := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &auth_model.OAuth2Grant{ID: 1})
+		expectedValidUntil := timeutil.TimeStamp(time.Now().Unix() + 600)
+		code, err := grant.GenerateNewAuthorizationCode(t.Context(), "http://127.0.0.1/", "", "")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, expectedValidUntil, code.ValidUntil)
+		assert.False(t, code.IsExpired())
+		assert.NoError(t, code.Invalidate(t.Context()))
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Expired", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer timeutil.MockSet(time.Unix(2, 0).UTC())()
+
+		code := &auth_model.OAuth2AuthorizationCode{ValidUntil: timeutil.TimeStamp(1)}
+		assert.True(t, code.IsExpired())
+	})
+
+	t.Run("InvalidateTwice", func(t *testing.T) {
+		code, err := auth_model.GetOAuth2AuthorizationByCode(t.Context(), "authcode")
+		assert.NoError(t, err)
+		if assert.NotNil(t, code) {
+			assert.NoError(t, code.Invalidate(t.Context()))
+			assert.ErrorIs(t, code.Invalidate(t.Context()), auth_model.ErrOAuth2AuthorizationCodeInvalidated)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 func TestOAuth2Application_GenerateClientSecret(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
 	app := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &auth_model.OAuth2Application{ID: 1})
--- a/models/auth/source.go
+++ b/models/auth/source.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"

@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ func RegisterTypeConfig(typ Type, exemplar Config) {
 type Source struct {
 	ID              int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
 	Type            Type
-	Name            string `xorm:"UNIQUE"`
+	Name            string `xorm:"UNIQUE"` // it can be the OIDC's provider name, see services/auth/source/oauth2/source_register.go: RegisterSource
 	IsActive        bool   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	IsSyncEnabled   bool   `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
 	TwoFactorPolicy string `xorm:"two_factor_policy NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"`
@@ -139,7 +140,10 @@ func init() {
 // BeforeSet is invoked from XORM before setting the value of a field of this object.
 func (source *Source) BeforeSet(colName string, val xorm.Cell) {
 	if colName == "type" {
-		typ := Type(db.Cell2Int64(val))
+		typ, _, err := db.CellToInt(val, NoType)
+		if err != nil {
+			setting.PanicInDevOrTesting("Unable to convert login source (id=%d) type: %v", source.ID, err)
+		}
 		constructor, ok := registeredConfigs[typ]
 		if !ok {
 			return
--- a/models/auth/source_test.go
+++ b/models/auth/source_test.go
@@ -17,13 +17,9 @@ import (
 )

 type TestSource struct {
-	auth_model.ConfigBase
+	auth_model.ConfigBase `json:"-"`

-	Provider                      string
-	ClientID                      string
-	ClientSecret                  string
-	OpenIDConnectAutoDiscoveryURL string
-	IconURL                       string
+	TestField string
 }

 // FromDB fills up a LDAPConfig from serialized format.
@@ -37,27 +33,23 @@ func (source *TestSource) ToDB() ([]byte, error) {
 }

 func TestDumpAuthSource(t *testing.T) {
-	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())

 	authSourceSchema, err := unittest.GetXORMEngine().TableInfo(new(auth_model.Source))
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, err)

 	auth_model.RegisterTypeConfig(auth_model.OAuth2, new(TestSource))
+	source := &auth_model.Source{
+		Type: auth_model.OAuth2,
+		Name: "TestSource",
+		Cfg:  &TestSource{TestField: "TestValue"},
+	}
+	require.NoError(t, auth_model.CreateSource(t.Context(), source))

-	auth_model.CreateSource(t.Context(), &auth_model.Source{
-		Type:     auth_model.OAuth2,
-		Name:     "TestSource",
-		IsActive: false,
-		Cfg: &TestSource{
-			Provider: "ConvertibleSourceName",
-			ClientID: "42",
-		},
-	})
-
-	sb := new(strings.Builder)
-
-	// TODO: this test is quite hacky, it should use a low-level "select" (without model processors) but not a database dump
-	engine := unittest.GetXORMEngine()
-	require.NoError(t, engine.DumpTables([]*schemas.Table{authSourceSchema}, sb))
-	assert.Contains(t, sb.String(), `"Provider":"ConvertibleSourceName"`)
+	// intentionally test the "dump" to make sure the dumped JSON is correct: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/16847
+	sb := &strings.Builder{}
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.GetXORMEngine().DumpTables([]*schemas.Table{authSourceSchema}, sb))
+	// the dumped SQL is something like:
+	// INSERT INTO `login_source` (`id`, `type`, `name`, `is_active`, `is_sync_enabled`, `two_factor_policy`, `cfg`, `created_unix`, `updated_unix`) VALUES (1,6,'TestSource',0,0,'','{"TestField":"TestValue"}',1774179784,1774179784);
+	assert.Contains(t, sb.String(), `'{"TestField":"TestValue"}'`)
 }
--- a/models/db/collation.go
+++ b/models/db/collation.go
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ func CheckCollations(x *xorm.Engine) (*CheckCollationsResult, error) {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	} else {
-		return nil, nil
+		return nil, nil //nolint:nilnil // return nil for unsupported database types
 	}

 	if res.DatabaseCollation == "" {
--- a/models/db/common.go
+++ b/models/db/common.go
@@ -12,30 +12,30 @@ import (
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 )

-// BuildCaseInsensitiveLike returns a condition to check if the given value is like the given key case-insensitively.
-// Handles especially SQLite correctly as UPPER there only transforms ASCII letters.
+// BuildCaseInsensitiveLike returns a case-insensitive LIKE condition for the given key and value.
+// Cast the search value and the database column value to the same case for case-insensitive matching.
+// * SQLite: only cast ASCII chars because it doesn't handle complete Unicode case folding
+// * Other databases: use database's string function, assuming that they are able to handle complete Unicode case folding correctly
 func BuildCaseInsensitiveLike(key, value string) builder.Cond {
+	// ToLowerASCII is about 7% faster than ToUpperASCII (according to Golang's benchmark)
 	if setting.Database.Type.IsSQLite3() {
-		return builder.Like{"UPPER(" + key + ")", util.ToUpperASCII(value)}
+		return builder.Like{"LOWER(" + key + ")", util.ToLowerASCII(value)}
 	}
-	return builder.Like{"UPPER(" + key + ")", strings.ToUpper(value)}
+	return builder.Like{"LOWER(" + key + ")", strings.ToLower(value)}
 }

 // BuildCaseInsensitiveIn returns a condition to check if the given value is in the given values case-insensitively.
-// Handles especially SQLite correctly as UPPER there only transforms ASCII letters.
+// See BuildCaseInsensitiveLike for more details
 func BuildCaseInsensitiveIn(key string, values []string) builder.Cond {
-	uppers := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	incaseValues := make([]string, len(values))
+	caseCast := strings.ToLower
 	if setting.Database.Type.IsSQLite3() {
-		for _, value := range values {
-			uppers = append(uppers, util.ToUpperASCII(value))
-		}
-	} else {
-		for _, value := range values {
-			uppers = append(uppers, strings.ToUpper(value))
-		}
+		caseCast = util.ToLowerASCII
 	}
-
-	return builder.In("UPPER("+key+")", uppers)
+	for i, value := range values {
+		incaseValues[i] = caseCast(value)
+	}
+	return builder.In("LOWER("+key+")", incaseValues)
 }

 // BuilderDialect returns the xorm.Builder dialect of the engine
--- a/models/db/convert.go
+++ b/models/db/convert.go
@@ -5,12 +5,11 @@ package db

 import (
 	"fmt"
-	"strconv"

-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"

 	"xorm.io/xorm"
+	"xorm.io/xorm/convert"
 	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
 )

@@ -74,15 +73,14 @@ WHERE ST.name ='varchar'`)
 	return err
 }

-// Cell2Int64 converts a xorm.Cell type to int64,
-// and handles possible irregular cases.
-func Cell2Int64(val xorm.Cell) int64 {
-	switch (*val).(type) {
-	case []uint8:
-		log.Trace("Cell2Int64 ([]uint8): %v", *val)
-
-		v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string((*val).([]uint8)), 10, 64)
-		return v
+// CellToInt converts a xorm.Cell field value to an int value
+func CellToInt[T ~int | int64](cell xorm.Cell, def T) (ret T, has bool, err error) {
+	if *cell == nil {
+		return def, false, nil
 	}
-	return (*val).(int64)
+	val, err := convert.AsInt64(*cell)
+	if err != nil {
+		return def, false, err
+	}
+	return T(val), true, err
 }
--- a/models/dbfs/dbfile.go
+++ b/models/dbfs/dbfile.go
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ func (f *file) readAt(fileMeta *dbfsMeta, offset int64, p []byte) (n int, err er
 }

 func (f *file) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if f.metaID == 0 || !f.allowRead {
+	if !f.allowRead {
 		return 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ func (f *file) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 }

 func (f *file) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if f.metaID == 0 || !f.allowWrite {
+	if !f.allowWrite {
 		return 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}

@@ -184,10 +184,6 @@ func (f *file) Close() error {
 }

 func (f *file) Stat() (os.FileInfo, error) {
-	if f.metaID == 0 {
-		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-
 	fileMeta, err := findFileMetaByID(f.ctx, f.metaID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -232,15 +228,17 @@ func (f *file) open(flag int) (err error) {
 				if f.metaID != 0 {
 					return os.ErrExist
 				}
-			} else {
-				// create a new file if none exists.
-				if f.metaID == 0 {
-					if err = f.createEmpty(); err != nil {
-						return err
-					}
+			}
+			// create a new file if not exists.
+			if f.metaID == 0 {
+				if err = f.createEmpty(); err != nil {
+					return err
 				}
 			}
 		}
+		if f.metaID == 0 {
+			return os.ErrNotExist
+		}
 		if flag&os.O_TRUNC != 0 {
 			if err = f.truncate(); err != nil {
 				return err
@@ -252,7 +250,7 @@ func (f *file) open(flag int) (err error) {
 			}
 		}
 		return nil
-	}
+	} // end if: allowWrite

 	// read only mode
 	if f.metaID == 0 {
@@ -322,9 +320,6 @@ func (f *file) delete() error {
 }

 func (f *file) size() (int64, error) {
-	if f.metaID == 0 {
-		return 0, os.ErrNotExist
-	}
 	fileMeta, err := findFileMetaByID(f.ctx, f.metaID)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, err
@@ -339,7 +334,7 @@ func findFileMetaByID(ctx context.Context, metaID int64) (*dbfsMeta, error) {
 	} else if ok {
 		return &fileMeta, nil
 	}
-	return nil, nil
+	return nil, os.ErrNotExist
 }

 func buildPath(path string) string {
--- a/models/dbfs/dbfs.go
+++ b/models/dbfs/dbfs.go
@@ -40,6 +40,9 @@ The DBFS solution:
 * In the future, when Gitea action needs to limit the log size (other CI/CD services also do so), it's easier to calculate the log file size.
 * Even sometimes the UI needs to render the tailing lines, the tailing lines can be found be counting the "\n" from the end of the file by seek.
  The seeking and finding is not the fastest way, but it's still acceptable and won't affect the performance too much.
+
+Limitations of the DBFS solution:
+* Not fully POSIX-compliant, some behaviors may be different from the real filesystem, especially for concurrent read/write
 */

 type dbfsMeta struct {
--- a/models/dbfs/dbfs_test.go
+++ b/models/dbfs/dbfs_test.go
@@ -9,19 +9,14 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"testing"

+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
+
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
 )

-func changeDefaultFileBlockSize(n int64) (restore func()) {
-	old := defaultFileBlockSize
-	defaultFileBlockSize = n
-	return func() {
-		defaultFileBlockSize = old
-	}
-}
-
 func TestDbfsBasic(t *testing.T) {
-	defer changeDefaultFileBlockSize(4)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&defaultFileBlockSize, 4)()

 	// test basic write/read
 	f, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "test.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE)
@@ -122,10 +117,55 @@ func TestDbfsBasic(t *testing.T) {
 	stat, err = f.Stat()
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
 	assert.EqualValues(t, 10, stat.Size())
+
+	t.Run("NonExisting", func(t *testing.T) {
+		f, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "non-existing.txt", os.O_RDONLY)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+
+		f, err = OpenFile(t.Context(), "non-existing.txt", os.O_WRONLY)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+
+		f, err = OpenFile(t.Context(), "non-existing.txt", os.O_WRONLY|os.O_APPEND|os.O_TRUNC)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrNotExist)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Existing", func(t *testing.T) {
+		assertFileContent := func(f File, expected string) {
+			_, err := f.Seek(0, io.SeekStart)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			buf, err := io.ReadAll(f)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, expected, string(buf))
+		}
+
+		f, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "existing.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, _ = f.Write([]byte("test"))
+		assertFileContent(f, "test")
+		assert.NoError(t, f.Close())
+
+		f, err = OpenFile(t.Context(), "existing.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_APPEND)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		_, _ = f.Write([]byte("\nnew"))
+		assertFileContent(f, "test\nnew")
+		assert.NoError(t, f.Close())
+
+		f, err = OpenFile(t.Context(), "existing.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_TRUNC)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assertFileContent(f, "")
+		assert.NoError(t, f.Close())
+
+		f, err = OpenFile(t.Context(), "existing.txt", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE|os.O_EXCL)
+		assert.ErrorIs(t, err, os.ErrExist)
+		assert.Nil(t, f)
+	})
 }

 func TestDbfsReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	defer changeDefaultFileBlockSize(4)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&defaultFileBlockSize, 4)()

 	f1, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "test.log", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
@@ -157,30 +197,32 @@ func TestDbfsReadWrite(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestDbfsSeekWrite(t *testing.T) {
-	defer changeDefaultFileBlockSize(4)()
+	defer test.MockVariableValue(&defaultFileBlockSize, 4)()

-	f, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "test2.log", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	defer f.Close()
+	// write something
+	fw, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "test2.log", os.O_RDWR|os.O_CREATE)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer fw.Close()

-	n, err := f.Write([]byte("111"))
+	n, err := fw.Write([]byte("111"))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	_, err = f.Seek(int64(n), io.SeekStart)
+	_, err = fw.Seek(int64(n), io.SeekStart)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	_, err = f.Write([]byte("222"))
+	_, err = fw.Write([]byte("222"))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	_, err = f.Seek(int64(n), io.SeekStart)
+	_, err = fw.Seek(int64(n), io.SeekStart)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

-	_, err = f.Write([]byte("333"))
+	_, err = fw.Write([]byte("333"))
 	assert.NoError(t, err)

+	// then read it
 	fr, err := OpenFile(t.Context(), "test2.log", os.O_RDONLY)
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	defer f.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer fr.Close()

 	buf, err := io.ReadAll(fr)
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
--- a/models/fixtures/action_artifact.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/action_artifact.yml
@@ -141,3 +141,39 @@
  created_unix: 1730330775
  updated_unix: 1730330775
  expired_unix: 1738106775
+
+-
+  id: 26
+  run_id: 792
+  runner_id: 1
+  repo_id: 4
+  owner_id: 1
+  commit_sha: c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0
+  storage_path: "27/5/1730330775594233150.chunk"
+  file_size: 1024
+  file_compressed_size: 1024
+  content_encoding: "application/pdf"
+  artifact_path: "report.pdf"
+  artifact_name: "report.pdf"
+  status: 2
+  created_unix: 1730330775
+  updated_unix: 1730330775
+  expired_unix: 1738106775
+
+-
+  id: 27
+  run_id: 792
+  runner_id: 1
+  repo_id: 4
+  owner_id: 1
+  commit_sha: c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0
+  storage_path: "27/5/1730330775594233150.chunk"
+  file_size: 1024
+  file_compressed_size: 1024
+  content_encoding: "application/html"
+  artifact_path: "report.html"
+  artifact_name: "report.html"
+  status: 2
+  created_unix: 1730330775
+  updated_unix: 1730330775
+  expired_unix: 1738106775
--- a/models/fixtures/action_run.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/action_run.yml
@@ -139,26 +139,7 @@
  updated: 1683636626
  need_approval: 0
  approved_by: 0
-
-  id: 804
-  title: "use a private action"
-  repo_id: 60
-  owner_id: 40
-  workflow_id: "run.yaml"
-  index: 189
-  trigger_user_id: 40
-  ref: "refs/heads/master"
-  commit_sha: "6e64b26de7ba966d01d90ecfaf5c7f14ef203e86"
-  event: "push"
-  trigger_event: "push"
-  is_fork_pull_request: 0
-  status: 1
-  started: 1683636528
-  stopped: 1683636626
-  created: 1683636108
-  updated: 1683636626
-  need_approval: 0
-  approved_by: 0
+
 -
  id: 805
  title: "update actions"
--- a/models/fixtures/action_run_job.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/action_run_job.yml
@@ -129,20 +129,7 @@
  status: 5
  started: 1683636528
  stopped: 1683636626
-
-  id: 205
-  run_id: 804
-  repo_id: 6
-  owner_id: 10
-  commit_sha: 6e64b26de7ba966d01d90ecfaf5c7f14ef203e86
-  is_fork_pull_request: 0
-  name: job_2
-  attempt: 1
-  job_id: job_2
-  task_id: 48
-  status: 1
-  started: 1683636528
-  stopped: 1683636626
+
 -
  id: 206
  run_id: 805
--- a/models/fixtures/action_task.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/action_task.yml
@@ -177,26 +177,7 @@
  log_length: 0
  log_size: 0
  log_expired: 0
-
-  id: 55
-  job_id: 205
-  attempt: 1
-  runner_id: 1
-  status: 6 # 6 is the status code for "running"
-  started: 1683636528
-  stopped: 1683636626
-  repo_id: 6
-  owner_id: 10
-  commit_sha: 6e64b26de7ba966d01d90ecfaf5c7f14ef203e86
-  is_fork_pull_request: 0
-  token_hash: b8d3962425466b6709b9ac51446f93260c54afe8e7b6d3686e34f991fb8a8953822b0deed86fe41a103f34bc48dbc478422b
-  token_salt: ERxJGHvg3I
-  token_last_eight: 182199eb
-  log_filename: collaborative-owner-test/1a/49.log
-  log_in_storage: 1
-  log_length: 707
-  log_size: 90179
-  log_expired: 0
+
 -
  id: 56
  attempt: 1
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More