Initial plan

2026-04-07 16:18:49 +00:00 · 2026-03-08 11:11:34 +00:00
869 changed files with 15008 additions and 28806 deletions
--- a/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
+++ b/.devcontainer/devcontainer.json
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
  "customizations": {
    "vscode": {
      "settings": {},
+      // same extensions as Gitpod, should match /.gitpod.yml
      "extensions": [
        "editorconfig.editorconfig",
        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
--- a/.github/labeler.yml
+++ b/.github/labeler.yml
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ modifies/internal:
          - ".editorconfig"
          - ".eslintrc.cjs"
          - ".golangci.yml"
+          - ".gitpod.yml"
          - ".markdownlint.yaml"
          - ".spectral.yaml"
          - "stylelint.config.*"
--- a/.github/workflows/cron-flake-updater.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/cron-flake-updater.yml
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ jobs:
      pull-requests: write
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
      - uses: DeterminateSystems/determinate-nix-action@v3
      - uses: DeterminateSystems/update-flake-lock@main
        with:
--- a/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/files-changed.yml
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
      json: ${{ steps.changes.outputs.json }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v4
+      - uses: dorny/paths-filter@v3
        id: changes
        with:
          filters: |
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-compliance.yml
@@ -38,9 +38,9 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.0.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
      - run: uv python install 3.14
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v8.0.0
+      - uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v7
      - run: uv python install 3.14
      - run: make deps-py
      - run: make lint-yaml
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v5
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-docker-dryrun.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-docker-dryrun.yml
@@ -21,17 +21,17 @@ jobs:
      contents: read
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - name: Build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
          push: false
          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful
      - name: Build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          push: false
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-e2e-tests.yml
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
--- a/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-nightly.yml
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}-nightly" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -71,14 +71,14 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
      - name: Get cleaned branch name
        id: clean_name
        run: |
          REF_NAME=$(echo "${{ github.ref }}" | sed -e 's/refs\/heads\///' -e 's/refs\/tags\///' -e 's/release\/v//')
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}-nightly" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ jobs:
            type=raw,value=${{ steps.clean_name.outputs.branch }}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -102,18 +102,18 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
          cache-from: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful
          cache-to: type=registry,ref=ghcr.io/go-gitea/gitea:buildcache-rootful,mode=max
      - name: build rootless docker image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
--- a/.github/workflows/release-tag-rc.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-tag-rc.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ jobs:
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -112,18 +112,18 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
      - name: build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
--- a/.github/workflows/release-tag-version.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release-tag-version.yml
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ jobs:
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod
          check-latest: true
-      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v5
+      - uses: pnpm/action-setup@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: 24
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ jobs:
          TAGS: bindata sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify
      - name: import gpg key
        id: import_gpg
-        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v7
+        uses: crazy-max/ghaction-import-gpg@v6
        with:
          gpg_private_key: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_KEY }}
          passphrase: ${{ secrets.GPGSIGN_PASSPHRASE }}
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ jobs:
          echo "Cleaned name is ${REF_NAME}"
          echo "branch=${REF_NAME}" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
      - name: configure aws
-        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v6
+        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v5
        with:
          aws-region: ${{ secrets.AWS_REGION }}
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ jobs:
      # fetch all commits instead of only the last as some branches are long lived and could have many between versions
      # fetch all tags to ensure that "git describe" reports expected Gitea version, eg. v1.21.0-dev-1-g1234567
      - run: git fetch --unshallow --quiet --tags --force
-      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ jobs:
            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
-      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v6
+      - uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        id: meta_rootless
        with:
          images: |-
@@ -124,18 +124,18 @@ jobs:
          annotations: |
            org.opencontainers.image.authors="maintainers@gitea.io"
      - name: Login to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
          password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Login to GHCR using PAT
-        uses: docker/login-action@v4
+        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ghcr.io
          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: build regular container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ jobs:
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          annotations: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.annotations }}
      - name: build rootless container image
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
        with:
          context: .
          platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64,linux/riscv64
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -79,7 +79,6 @@ cpu.out
 /yarn-error.log
 /npm-debug.log*
 /.pnpm-store
-/public/assets/.vite
 /public/assets/js
 /public/assets/css
 /public/assets/fonts
@@ -88,6 +87,8 @@ cpu.out
 /VERSION
 /.air

+# Files and folders that were previously generated
+/public/assets/img/webpack

 # Snapcraft
 /gitea_a*.txt
--- a/.gitpod.yml
+++ b/.gitpod.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+tasks:
+  - name: Setup
+    init: |
+      cp -r contrib/ide/vscode .vscode
+      make deps
+      make build
+    command: |
+      gp sync-done setup
+      exit 0
+  - name: Run backend
+    command: |
+      gp sync-await setup
+
+      # Get the URL and extract the domain
+      url=$(gp url 3000)
+      domain=$(echo $url | awk -F[/:] '{print $4}')
+
+      if [ -f custom/conf/app.ini ]; then
+        sed -i "s|^ROOT_URL =.*|ROOT_URL = ${url}/|" custom/conf/app.ini
+        sed -i "s|^DOMAIN =.*|DOMAIN = ${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
+        sed -i "s|^SSH_DOMAIN =.*|SSH_DOMAIN = ${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
+        sed -i "s|^NO_REPLY_ADDRESS =.*|SSH_DOMAIN = noreply.${domain}|" custom/conf/app.ini
+      else
+        mkdir -p custom/conf/
+        echo -e "[server]\nROOT_URL = ${url}/" > custom/conf/app.ini
+        echo -e "\n[database]\nDB_TYPE = sqlite3\nPATH = $GITPOD_REPO_ROOT/data/gitea.db" >> custom/conf/app.ini
+      fi
+      export TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
+      make watch-backend
+  - name: Run frontend
+    command: |
+      gp sync-await setup
+      make watch-frontend
+    openMode: split-right
+
+vscode:
+  extensions:
+    - editorconfig.editorconfig
+    - dbaeumer.vscode-eslint
+    - golang.go
+    - stylelint.vscode-stylelint
+    - DavidAnson.vscode-markdownlint
+    - Vue.volar
+    - ms-azuretools.vscode-docker
+    - vitest.explorer
+    - cweijan.vscode-database-client2
+    - GitHub.vscode-pull-request-github
+
+ports:
+  - name: Gitea
+    port: 3000
--- a/AGENTS.md
+++ b/AGENTS.md
@@ -1,11 +1,10 @@
+# Instructions for agents
+
 - Use `make help` to find available development targets
- Run `make fmt` to format `.go` files, and run `make lint-go` to lint them
- Run `make lint-js` to lint `.ts` files
- Run `make tidy` after any `go.mod` changes
- Add the current year into the copyright header of new `.go` files
- Ensure no trailing whitespace in edited files
- Never force-push, amend, or squash unless asked. Use new commits and normal push for pull request updates
- Preserve existing code comments, do not remove or rewrite comments that are still relevant
- In TypeScript, use `!` (non-null assertion) instead of `?.`/`??` when a value is known to always exist
- Include authorship attribution in issue and pull request comments
- Add `Co-Authored-By` lines to all commits, indicating name and model used
+- Before committing `.go` changes, run `make fmt` to format, and run `make lint-go` to lint
+- Before committing `.ts` changes, run `make lint-js` to lint
+- Before committing `go.mod` changes, run `make tidy`
+- Before committing new `.go` files, add the current year into the copyright header
+- Before committing any files, remove all trailing whitespace from source code lines
+- Never force-push to pull request branches
+- Always start issue and pull request comments with an authorship attribution
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,53 +4,6 @@ This changelog goes through the changes that have been made in each release
 without substantial changes to our git log; to see the highlights of what has
 been added to each release, please refer to the [blog](https://blog.gitea.com).

-## [1.25.5](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.5) - 2026-03-10
-
-* SECURITY
-  * Toolchain Update to Go 1.25.6 (#36480) (#36487)
-  * Adjust the toolchain version (#36537) (#36542)
-  * Update toolchain to 1.25.8 for v1.25 (#36888)
-  * Prevent redirect bypasses via backslash-encoded paths (#36660) (#36716)
-  * Fix get release draft permission check (#36659) (#36715)
-  * Fix a bug user could change another user's primary email (#36586) (#36607)
-  * Fix OAuth2 authorization code expiry and reuse handling (#36797) (#36851)
-  * Add validation constraints for repository creation fields (#36671) (#36757)
-  * Fix bug to check whether user can update pull request branch or rebase branch (#36465) (#36838)
-  * Add migration http transport for push/sync mirror lfs (#36665) (#36691)
-  * Fix track time list permission check (#36662) (#36744)
-  * Fix track time issue id (#36664) (#36689)
-  * Fix path resolving (#36734) (#36746)
-  * Fix dump release asset bug (#36799) (#36839)
-  * Fix org permission API visibility checks for hidden members and private orgs (#36798) (#36841)
-  * Fix forwarded proto handling for public URL detection (#36810) (#36836)
-  * Add a git grep search timeout (#36809) (#36835)
-  * Fix oauth2 s256 (#36462) (#36477)
-* ENHANCEMENTS
-  * Make `security-check` informational only (#36681) (#36852)
-  * Upgrade to github.com/cloudflare/circl 1.6.3, svgo 4.0.1, markdownlint-cli 0.48.0 (#36840)
-  * Add some validation on values provided to USER_DISABLED_FEATURES and EXTERNAL_USER_DISABLED_FEATURES (#36688) (#36692)
-  * Upgrade gogit to 5.16.5 (#36687)
-  * Add wrap to runner label list (#36565) (#36574)
-  * Add dnf5 command for Fedora in RPM package instructions (#36527) (#36572)
-  * Allow scroll propagation outside code editor (#36502) (#36510)
-* BUGFIXES
-  * Fix non-admins unable to automerge PRs from forks (#36833) (#36843)
-  * Fix bug when pushing mirror with wiki (#36795) (#36807)
-  * Fix artifacts v4 backend upload problems (#36805) (#36834)
-  * Fix CRAN package version validation to allow more than 4 version components (#36813) (#36821)
-  * Fix force push time-line commit comments of pull request (#36653) (#36717)
-  * Fix SVG height calculation in diff viewer (#36748) (#36750)
-  * Fix push time bug (#36693) (#36713)
-  * Fix bug the protected branch rule name is conflicted with renamed branch name (#36650) (#36661)
-  * Fix bug when do LFS GC (#36500) (#36608)
-  * Fix focus lost bugs in the Monaco editor (#36609)
-  * Reprocess htmx content after loading more files (#36568) (#36577)
-  * Fix assignee sidebar links and empty placeholder (#36559) (#36563)
-  * Fix issues filter dropdown showing empty label scope section (#36535) (#36544)
-  * Fix various mermaid bugs (#36547) (#36552)
-  * Fix data race when uploading container blobs concurrently (#36524) (#36526)
-  * Correct spacing between username and bot label (#36473) (#36484)
-
 ## [1.25.4](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/releases/tag/v1.25.4) - 2026-01-15

 * SECURITY
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -70,18 +70,16 @@ For configuring IDEs for Gitea development, see the [contributed IDE configurati

 ## AI Contribution Policy

-Contributions made with the assistance of AI tools are welcome, but contributors must use them responsibly and disclose that use clearly.
+Contributions made with the assistance of AI tools are welcome, but contributors must use them responsibly.

-1. Review AI-generated code closely before marking a pull request ready for review.
-2. Manually test the changes and add appropriate automated tests where feasible.
-3. Only use AI to assist in contributions that you understand well enough to explain, defend, and revise yourself during review.
-4. Disclose AI-assisted content clearly.
-5. Do not use AI to reply to questions about your issue or pull request. The questions are for you, not an AI model.
-6. AI may be used to help draft issues and pull requests, but contributors remain responsible for the accuracy, completeness, and intent of what they submit.
+1. Include related issues or pull requests in the prompt so that the AI has ideal context.
+2. Review AI-generated code closely before submitting a pull request.
+3. Manually test the changes and add appropriate automated tests where feasible.
+4. Only use AI to assist in contributions that you understand well enough to respond to feedback without relying on AI.
+5. Indicate AI-generated content in issue and pull requests descriptions and comments. Specify which model was used.
+6. Do not use AI to reply to questions about your issue or pull request. The questions are for you, not an AI model.

-Maintainers reserve the right to close pull requests and issues that do not disclose AI assistance, that appear to be low-quality AI-generated content, or where the contributor cannot explain or defend the proposed changes themselves.
-
-We welcome new contributors, but cannot sustain the effort of supporting contributors who primarily defer to AI rather than engaging substantively with the review process.
+Maintainers reserve the right to close pull requests and issues that appear to be low-quality AI-generated content. We welcome new contributors, but cannot sustain the effort of supporting contributors who primarily defer to AI rather than engaging substantively with the review process.

 ## Issues

@@ -198,11 +196,10 @@ Here's how to run the test suite:

 - E2E test environment variables

-| Variable                          | Description                                                 |
-| :-------------------------------- | :---------------------------------------------------------- |
-| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_DEBUG``          | When set, show Gitea server output                          |
-| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_FLAGS``          | Additional flags passed to Playwright, for example ``--ui`` |
-| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_TIMEOUT_FACTOR`` | Timeout multiplier (default: 3 on CI, 1 locally)            |
+| Variable                  | Description                                                       |
+| :------------------------ | :---------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_DEBUG``  | When set, show Gitea server output                                |
+| ``GITEA_TEST_E2E_FLAGS``  | Additional flags passed to Playwright, for example ``--ui``       |

 ## Translation

--- a/13
+++ b/13
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with nodejs ecosystem
+# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with esbuild/webpack
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS frontend-build
 RUN apk --no-cache add build-base git nodejs pnpm
 WORKDIR /src
-COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml .npmrc ./
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
-RUN make frontend
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store make frontend

 # Build backend for each target platform
 FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS build-env

+ARG GOPROXY=direct
+
 ARG GITEA_VERSION
 ARG TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
 ENV TAGS="bindata timetzdata $TAGS"
@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@ RUN apk --no-cache add \
    git

 WORKDIR ${GOPATH}/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
-COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
 # Use COPY instead of bind mount as read-only one breaks makefile state tracking and read-write one needs binary to be moved as it's discarded.
 # ".git" directory is mounted separately later only for version data extraction.
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
 COPY --from=frontend-build /src/public/assets public/assets

 # Build gitea, .git mount is required for version data
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+    --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
    --mount=type=bind,source=".git/",target=".git/" \
    make backend

--- a/Dockerfile.rootless
+++ b/Dockerfile.rootless
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 # syntax=docker/dockerfile:1
-# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with nodejs ecosystem
+# Build frontend on the native platform to avoid QEMU-related issues with esbuild/webpack
 FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS frontend-build
 RUN apk --no-cache add build-base git nodejs pnpm
 WORKDIR /src
-COPY package.json pnpm-lock.yaml .npmrc ./
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
-RUN make frontend
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.local/share/pnpm/store make frontend

 # Build backend for each target platform
 FROM docker.io/library/golang:1.26-alpine3.23 AS build-env

+ARG GOPROXY=direct
+
 ARG GITEA_VERSION
 ARG TAGS="sqlite sqlite_unlock_notify"
 ENV TAGS="bindata timetzdata $TAGS"
@@ -22,14 +22,13 @@ RUN apk --no-cache add \
    git

 WORKDIR ${GOPATH}/src/code.gitea.io/gitea
-COPY go.mod go.sum ./
-RUN go mod download
 # See the comments in Dockerfile
 COPY --exclude=.git/ . .
 COPY --from=frontend-build /src/public/assets public/assets

 # Build gitea, .git mount is required for version data
-RUN --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
+RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
+    --mount=type=cache,target="/root/.cache/go-build" \
    --mount=type=bind,source=".git/",target=".git/" \
    make backend

--- a/1
+++ b/1
@@ -64,4 +64,3 @@ metiftikci <metiftikci@hotmail.com> (@metiftikci)
 Christopher Homberger <christopher.homberger@web.de> (@ChristopherHX)
 Tobias Balle-Petersen <tobiasbp@gmail.com> (@tobiasbp)
 TheFox <thefox0x7@gmail.com> (@TheFox0x7)
-Nicolas <bircni@icloud.com> (@bircni)
--- a/93
+++ b/93
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ XGO_VERSION := go-1.25.x
 AIR_PACKAGE ?= github.com/air-verse/air@v1
 EDITORCONFIG_CHECKER_PACKAGE ?= github.com/editorconfig-checker/editorconfig-checker/v3/cmd/editorconfig-checker@v3
 GOFUMPT_PACKAGE ?= mvdan.cc/gofumpt@v0.9.2
-GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.11.4
+GOLANGCI_LINT_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.10.1
 GXZ_PACKAGE ?= github.com/ulikunitz/xz/cmd/gxz@v0.5.15
 MISSPELL_PACKAGE ?= github.com/golangci/misspell/cmd/misspell@v0.8.0
 SWAGGER_PACKAGE ?= github.com/go-swagger/go-swagger/cmd/swagger@v0.33.1
@@ -81,6 +81,15 @@ STORED_VERSION_FILE := VERSION
 GITHUB_REF_TYPE ?= branch
 GITHUB_REF_NAME ?= $(shell git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD)

+# Enable typescript support in Node.js before 22.18
+# TODO: Remove this once we can raise the minimum Node.js version to 22.18 (alpine >= 3.23)
+NODE_VERSION := $(shell printf "%03d%03d%03d" $(shell node -v 2>/dev/null | cut -c2- | sed 's/-.*//' | tr '.' ' '))
+ifeq ($(shell test "$(NODE_VERSION)" -lt "022018000"; echo $$?),0)
+	NODE_VARS := NODE_OPTIONS="--experimental-strip-types"
+else
+	NODE_VARS :=
+endif
+
 ifneq ($(GITHUB_REF_TYPE),branch)
 	VERSION ?= $(subst v,,$(GITHUB_REF_NAME))
 	GITEA_VERSION ?= $(VERSION)
@@ -111,11 +120,10 @@ LINUX_ARCHS ?= linux/amd64,linux/386,linux/arm-5,linux/arm-6,linux/arm64,linux/r
 GO_TEST_PACKAGES ?= $(filter-out $(shell $(GO) list code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/...) code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration/migration-test code.gitea.io/gitea/tests code.gitea.io/gitea/tests/integration,$(shell $(GO) list ./... | grep -v /vendor/))
 MIGRATE_TEST_PACKAGES ?= $(shell $(GO) list code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/...)

-FRONTEND_SOURCES := $(shell find web_src/js web_src/css -type f)
-FRONTEND_CONFIGS := vite.config.ts tailwind.config.ts
-FRONTEND_DEST := public/assets/.vite/manifest.json
-FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES := public/assets/js public/assets/css public/assets/fonts public/assets/.vite
-FRONTEND_DEV_LOG_LEVEL ?= warn
+WEBPACK_SOURCES := $(shell find web_src/js web_src/css -type f)
+WEBPACK_CONFIGS := webpack.config.ts tailwind.config.ts
+WEBPACK_DEST := public/assets/js/index.js public/assets/css/index.css
+WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES := public/assets/js public/assets/css public/assets/fonts

 BINDATA_DEST_WILDCARD := modules/migration/bindata.* modules/public/bindata.* modules/options/bindata.* modules/templates/bindata.*

@@ -147,7 +155,6 @@ GO_SOURCES := $(wildcard *.go)
 GO_SOURCES += $(shell find $(GO_DIRS) -type f -name "*.go")
 GO_SOURCES += $(GENERATED_GO_DEST)

-ESLINT_CONCURRENCY ?= 2

 SWAGGER_SPEC := templates/swagger/v1_json.tmpl
 SWAGGER_SPEC_INPUT := templates/swagger/v1_input.json
@@ -191,7 +198,7 @@ git-check:

 .PHONY: clean-all
 clean-all: clean ## delete backend, frontend and integration files
-	rm -rf $(FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES) node_modules
+	rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES) node_modules

 .PHONY: clean
 clean: ## delete backend and integration files
@@ -285,33 +292,33 @@ lint-backend-fix: lint-go-fix lint-go-gitea-vet lint-editorconfig ## lint backen

 .PHONY: lint-js
 lint-js: node_modules ## lint js and ts files
-	pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) $(ESLINT_FILES)
-	pnpm exec vue-tsc
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 $(ESLINT_FILES)
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vue-tsc

 .PHONY: lint-js-fix
 lint-js-fix: node_modules ## lint js and ts files and fix issues
-	pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) $(ESLINT_FILES) --fix
-	pnpm exec vue-tsc
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint --color --max-warnings=0 $(ESLINT_FILES) --fix
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vue-tsc

 .PHONY: lint-css
 lint-css: node_modules ## lint css files
-	pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES)
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES)

 .PHONY: lint-css-fix
 lint-css-fix: node_modules ## lint css files and fix issues
-	pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES) --fix
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec stylelint --color --max-warnings=0 $(STYLELINT_FILES) --fix

 .PHONY: lint-swagger
 lint-swagger: node_modules ## lint swagger files
-	pnpm exec spectral lint -q -F hint $(SWAGGER_SPEC)
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec spectral lint -q -F hint $(SWAGGER_SPEC)

 .PHONY: lint-md
 lint-md: node_modules ## lint markdown files
-	pnpm exec markdownlint *.md
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec markdownlint *.md

 .PHONY: lint-md-fix
 lint-md-fix: node_modules ## lint markdown files and fix issues
-	pnpm exec markdownlint --fix *.md
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec markdownlint --fix *.md

 .PHONY: lint-spell
 lint-spell: ## lint spelling
@@ -361,19 +368,20 @@ lint-yaml: .venv ## lint yaml files

 .PHONY: lint-json
 lint-json: node_modules ## lint json files
-	pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY)
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0

 .PHONY: lint-json-fix
 lint-json-fix: node_modules ## lint and fix json files
-	pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --concurrency $(ESLINT_CONCURRENCY) --fix
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec eslint -c eslint.json.config.ts --color --max-warnings=0 --fix

 .PHONY: watch
 watch: ## watch everything and continuously rebuild
 	@bash tools/watch.sh

 .PHONY: watch-frontend
-watch-frontend: node_modules ## start vite dev server for frontend
-	NODE_ENV=development pnpm exec vite --logLevel $(FRONTEND_DEV_LOG_LEVEL)
+watch-frontend: node_modules ## watch frontend files and continuously rebuild
+	@rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES)
+	NODE_ENV=development $(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec webpack --watch --progress --disable-interpret

 .PHONY: watch-backend
 watch-backend: ## watch backend files and continuously rebuild
@@ -389,7 +397,7 @@ test-backend: ## test backend files

 .PHONY: test-frontend
 test-frontend: node_modules ## test frontend files
-	pnpm exec vitest
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec vitest

 .PHONY: test-check
 test-check:
@@ -525,7 +533,7 @@ test-mssql-migration: migrations.mssql.test migrations.individual.mssql.test
 .PHONY: playwright
 playwright: deps-frontend
 	@# on GitHub Actions VMs, playwright's system deps are pre-installed
-	@pnpm exec playwright install $(if $(GITHUB_ACTIONS),,--with-deps) chromium firefox $(PLAYWRIGHT_FLAGS)
+	@$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec playwright install $(if $(GITHUB_ACTIONS),,--with-deps) chromium $(if $(CI),firefox) $(PLAYWRIGHT_FLAGS)

 .PHONY: test-e2e
 test-e2e: playwright $(EXECUTABLE_E2E)
@@ -636,7 +644,7 @@ install: $(wildcard *.go)
 build: frontend backend ## build everything

 .PHONY: frontend
-frontend: $(FRONTEND_DEST) ## build frontend files
+frontend: $(WEBPACK_DEST) ## build frontend files

 .PHONY: backend
 backend: generate-backend $(EXECUTABLE) ## build backend files
@@ -663,7 +671,7 @@ ifneq ($(and $(STATIC),$(findstring pam,$(TAGS))),)
 endif
 	CGO_ENABLED="$(CGO_ENABLED)" CGO_CFLAGS="$(CGO_CFLAGS)" $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) $(EXTRA_GOFLAGS) -tags '$(TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(EXTLDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)' -o $@

-$(EXECUTABLE_E2E): $(GO_SOURCES) $(FRONTEND_DEST)
+$(EXECUTABLE_E2E): $(GO_SOURCES)
 	CGO_ENABLED=1 $(GO) build $(GOFLAGS) $(EXTRA_GOFLAGS) -tags '$(TEST_TAGS)' -ldflags '-s -w $(EXTLDFLAGS) $(LDFLAGS)' -o $@

 .PHONY: release
@@ -741,7 +749,7 @@ deps-tools: ## install tool dependencies
 	wait

 node_modules: pnpm-lock.yaml
-	pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 	@touch node_modules

 .venv: uv.lock
@@ -749,38 +757,33 @@ node_modules: pnpm-lock.yaml
 	@touch .venv

 .PHONY: update
-update: update-go update-js update-py ## update dependencies
-
-.PHONY: update-go
-update-go: ## update go dependencies
-	$(GO) get -u ./...
-	$(MAKE) tidy
+update: update-js update-py ## update js and py dependencies

 .PHONY: update-js
 update-js: node_modules ## update js dependencies
-	pnpm exec updates -u -f package.json
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec updates -u -f package.json
 	rm -rf node_modules pnpm-lock.yaml
-	pnpm install
-	pnpm exec nolyfill install
-	pnpm install
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec nolyfill install
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install
 	@touch node_modules

 .PHONY: update-py
 update-py: node_modules ## update py dependencies
-	pnpm exec updates -u -f pyproject.toml
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec updates -u -f pyproject.toml
 	rm -rf .venv uv.lock
 	uv sync
 	@touch .venv

-.PHONY: vite
-vite: $(FRONTEND_DEST) ## build vite files
+.PHONY: webpack
+webpack: $(WEBPACK_DEST) ## build webpack files

-$(FRONTEND_DEST): $(FRONTEND_SOURCES) $(FRONTEND_CONFIGS) pnpm-lock.yaml
+$(WEBPACK_DEST): $(WEBPACK_SOURCES) $(WEBPACK_CONFIGS) pnpm-lock.yaml
 	@$(MAKE) -s node_modules
-	@rm -rf $(FRONTEND_DEST_ENTRIES)
-	@echo "Running vite build..."
-	@pnpm exec vite build
-	@touch $(FRONTEND_DEST)
+	@rm -rf $(WEBPACK_DEST_ENTRIES)
+	@echo "Running webpack..."
+	@BROWSERSLIST_IGNORE_OLD_DATA=true $(NODE_VARS) pnpm exec webpack --disable-interpret
+	@touch $(WEBPACK_DEST)

 .PHONY: svg
 svg: node_modules ## build svg files
@@ -799,7 +802,7 @@ svg-check: svg

 .PHONY: lockfile-check
 lockfile-check:
-	pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
+	$(NODE_VARS) pnpm install --frozen-lockfile
 	@diff=$$(git diff --color=always pnpm-lock.yaml); \
 	if [ -n "$$diff" ]; then \
 		echo "pnpm-lock.yaml is inconsistent with package.json"; \
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
+[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md) | [简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
--- a/README.zh-cn.md
+++ b/README.zh-cn.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
+[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [English](./README.md) | [繁體中文](./README.zh-tw.md)
--- a/README.zh-tw.md
+++ b/README.zh-tw.md
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 [![](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea/badges/users.svg)](https://www.codetriage.com/go-gitea/gitea "Help Contribute to Open Source")
 [![](https://opencollective.com/gitea/tiers/backers/badge.svg?label=backers&color=brightgreen)](https://opencollective.com/gitea "Become a backer/sponsor of gitea")
 [![](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-MIT-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT "License: MIT")
+[![Contribute with Gitpod](https://img.shields.io/badge/Contribute%20with-Gitpod-908a85?logo=gitpod&color=green)](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea)
 [![](https://badges.crowdin.net/gitea/localized.svg)](https://translate.gitea.com "Crowdin")

 [English](./README.md) | [简体中文](./README.zh-cn.md)
--- a/assets/go-licenses.json
+++ b/assets/go-licenses.json
--- a/cmd/actions.go
+++ b/cmd/actions.go
@@ -13,18 +13,17 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newActionsCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	// CmdActions represents the available actions sub-commands.
+	CmdActions = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "actions",
 		Usage: "Manage Gitea Actions",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newActionsGenerateRunnerTokenCommand(),
+			subcmdActionsGenRunnerToken,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newActionsGenerateRunnerTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdActionsGenRunnerToken = &cli.Command{
 		Name:    "generate-runner-token",
 		Usage:   "Generate a new token for a runner to use to register with the server",
 		Action:  runGenerateActionsRunnerToken,
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func newActionsGenerateRunnerTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 func runGenerateActionsRunnerToken(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setting.MustInstalled()
--- a/cmd/admin.go
+++ b/cmd/admin.go
@@ -18,41 +18,36 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newAdminCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	// CmdAdmin represents the available admin sub-command.
+	CmdAdmin = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "admin",
 		Usage: "Perform common administrative operations",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newUserCommand(),
-			newRepoSyncReleasesCommand(),
-			newRegenerateCommand(),
-			newAuthCommand(),
-			newSendMailCommand(),
+			subcmdUser,
+			subcmdRepoSyncReleases,
+			subcmdRegenerate,
+			subcmdAuth,
+			subcmdSendMail,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newRepoSyncReleasesCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdRepoSyncReleases = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "repo-sync-releases",
 		Usage:  "Synchronize repository releases with tags",
 		Action: runRepoSyncReleases,
 	}
-}

-func newRegenerateCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdRegenerate = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "regenerate",
 		Usage: "Regenerate specific files",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newRegenerateHooksCommand(),
-			newRegenerateKeysCommand(),
+			microcmdRegenHooks,
+			microcmdRegenKeys,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newAuthCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdAuth = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "auth",
 		Usage: "Modify external auth providers",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
@@ -64,14 +59,12 @@ func newAuthCommand() *cli.Command {
 			microcmdAuthUpdateLdapSimpleAuth(),
 			microcmdAuthAddSMTP(),
 			microcmdAuthUpdateSMTP(),
-			newAuthListCommand(),
-			newAuthDeleteCommand(),
+			microcmdAuthList,
+			microcmdAuthDelete,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newSendMailCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdSendMail = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "sendmail",
 		Usage:  "Send a message to all users",
 		Action: runSendMail,
@@ -93,7 +86,7 @@ func newSendMailCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 func idFlag() *cli.Int64Flag {
 	return &cli.Int64Flag{
--- a/cmd/admin_auth.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_auth.go
@@ -17,17 +17,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newAuthDeleteCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	microcmdAuthDelete = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "delete",
 		Usage:  "Delete specific auth source",
 		Flags:  []cli.Flag{idFlag()},
 		Action: runDeleteAuth,
 	}
-}
-
-func newAuthListCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	microcmdAuthList = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "list",
 		Usage:  "List auth sources",
 		Action: runListAuth,
@@ -58,7 +55,7 @@ func newAuthListCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 func runListAuth(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	if err := initDB(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/admin_regenerate.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_regenerate.go
@@ -13,21 +13,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newRegenerateHooksCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	microcmdRegenHooks = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "hooks",
 		Usage:  "Regenerate git-hooks",
 		Action: runRegenerateHooks,
 	}
-}

-func newRegenerateKeysCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	microcmdRegenKeys = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "keys",
 		Usage:  "Regenerate authorized_keys file",
 		Action: runRegenerateKeys,
 	}
-}
+)

 func runRegenerateHooks(ctx context.Context, _ *cli.Command) error {
 	if err := initDB(ctx); err != nil {
--- a/cmd/admin_user.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user.go
@@ -7,17 +7,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newUserCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:  "user",
-		Usage: "Modify users",
-		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			microcmdUserCreate(),
-			newUserListCommand(),
-			microcmdUserChangePassword(),
-			microcmdUserDelete(),
-			newUserGenerateAccessTokenCommand(),
-			microcmdUserMustChangePassword(),
-		},
-	}
+var subcmdUser = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "user",
+	Usage: "Modify users",
+	Commands: []*cli.Command{
+		microcmdUserCreate(),
+		microcmdUserList,
+		microcmdUserChangePassword(),
+		microcmdUserDelete(),
+		microcmdUserGenerateAccessToken,
+		microcmdUserMustChangePassword(),
+	},
 }
--- a/cmd/admin_user_generate_access_token.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user_generate_access_token.go
@@ -14,34 +14,32 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newUserGenerateAccessTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:  "generate-access-token",
-		Usage: "Generate an access token for a specific user",
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "username",
-				Aliases: []string{"u"},
-				Usage:   "Username",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "token-name",
-				Aliases: []string{"t"},
-				Usage:   "Token name",
-				Value:   "gitea-admin",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "raw",
-				Usage: "Display only the token value",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "scopes",
-				Value: "all",
-				Usage: `Comma separated list of scopes to apply to access token, examples: "all", "public-only,read:issue", "write:repository,write:user"`,
-			},
+var microcmdUserGenerateAccessToken = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "generate-access-token",
+	Usage: "Generate an access token for a specific user",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "username",
+			Aliases: []string{"u"},
+			Usage:   "Username",
 		},
-		Action: runGenerateAccessToken,
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "token-name",
+			Aliases: []string{"t"},
+			Usage:   "Token name",
+			Value:   "gitea-admin",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "raw",
+			Usage: "Display only the token value",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "scopes",
+			Value: "all",
+			Usage: `Comma separated list of scopes to apply to access token, examples: "all", "public-only,read:issue", "write:repository,write:user"`,
+		},
+	},
+	Action: runGenerateAccessToken,
 }

 func runGenerateAccessToken(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/admin_user_list.go
+++ b/cmd/admin_user_list.go
@@ -14,18 +14,16 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newUserListCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:   "list",
-		Usage:  "List users",
-		Action: runListUsers,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "admin",
-				Usage: "List only admin users",
-			},
+var microcmdUserList = &cli.Command{
+	Name:   "list",
+	Usage:  "List users",
+	Action: runListUsers,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "admin",
+			Usage: "List only admin users",
 		},
-	}
+	},
 }

 func runListUsers(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/docs.go
+++ b/cmd/docs.go
@@ -13,24 +13,23 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newDocsCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "docs",
-		Usage:       "Output CLI documentation",
-		Description: "A command to output Gitea's CLI documentation, optionally to a file.",
-		Action:      runDocs,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "man",
-				Usage: "Output man pages instead",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "output",
-				Aliases: []string{"o"},
-				Usage:   "Path to output to instead of stdout (will overwrite if exists)",
-			},
+// CmdDocs represents the available docs sub-command.
+var CmdDocs = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "docs",
+	Usage:       "Output CLI documentation",
+	Description: "A command to output Gitea's CLI documentation, optionally to a file.",
+	Action:      runDocs,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "man",
+			Usage: "Output man pages instead",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "output",
+			Aliases: []string{"o"},
+			Usage:   "Path to output to instead of stdout (will overwrite if exists)",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func runDocs(_ context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor.go
@@ -24,77 +24,73 @@ import (
 	"xorm.io/xorm"
 )

-func newDoctorCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "doctor",
-		Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems, convert or re-create database tables",
-		Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
-		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newDoctorCheckCommand(),
-			newRecreateTableCommand(),
-			newDoctorConvertCommand(),
-		},
-	}
+// CmdDoctor represents the available doctor sub-command.
+var CmdDoctor = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "doctor",
+	Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems, convert or re-create database tables",
+	Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
+
+	Commands: []*cli.Command{
+		cmdDoctorCheck,
+		cmdRecreateTable,
+		cmdDoctorConvert,
+	},
 }

-func newDoctorCheckCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "check",
-		Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems",
-		Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
-		Action:      runDoctorCheck,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "list",
-				Usage: "List the available checks",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "default",
-				Usage: "Run the default checks (if neither --run or --all is set, this is the default behaviour)",
-			},
-			&cli.StringSliceFlag{
-				Name:  "run",
-				Usage: "Run the provided checks - (if --default is set, the default checks will also run)",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "all",
-				Usage: "Run all the available checks",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "fix",
-				Usage: "Automatically fix what we can",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "log-file",
-				Usage: `Name of the log file (no verbose log output by default). Set to "-" to output to stdout`,
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "color",
-				Aliases: []string{"H"},
-				Usage:   "Use color for outputted information",
-			},
+var cmdDoctorCheck = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "check",
+	Usage:       "Diagnose and optionally fix problems",
+	Description: "A command to diagnose problems with the current Gitea instance according to the given configuration. Some problems can optionally be fixed by modifying the database or data storage.",
+	Action:      runDoctorCheck,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "list",
+			Usage: "List the available checks",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "default",
+			Usage: "Run the default checks (if neither --run or --all is set, this is the default behaviour)",
+		},
+		&cli.StringSliceFlag{
+			Name:  "run",
+			Usage: "Run the provided checks - (if --default is set, the default checks will also run)",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "all",
+			Usage: "Run all the available checks",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "fix",
+			Usage: "Automatically fix what we can",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "log-file",
+			Usage: `Name of the log file (no verbose log output by default). Set to "-" to output to stdout`,
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "color",
+			Aliases: []string{"H"},
+			Usage:   "Use color for outputted information",
+		},
+	},
 }

-func newRecreateTableCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:      "recreate-table",
-		Usage:     "Recreate tables from XORM definitions and copy the data.",
-		ArgsUsage: "[TABLE]... : (TABLEs to recreate - leave blank for all)",
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "debug",
-				Usage: "Print SQL commands sent",
-			},
+var cmdRecreateTable = &cli.Command{
+	Name:      "recreate-table",
+	Usage:     "Recreate tables from XORM definitions and copy the data.",
+	ArgsUsage: "[TABLE]... : (TABLEs to recreate - leave blank for all)",
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "debug",
+			Usage: "Print SQL commands sent",
 		},
-		Description: `The database definitions Gitea uses change across versions, sometimes changing default values and leaving old unused columns.
+	},
+	Description: `The database definitions Gitea uses change across versions, sometimes changing default values and leaving old unused columns.

 This command will cause Xorm to recreate tables, copying over the data and deleting the old table.

 You should back-up your database before doing this and ensure that your database is up-to-date first.`,
-		Action: runRecreateTable,
-	}
+	Action: runRecreateTable,
 }

 func runRecreateTable(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor_convert.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor_convert.go
@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newDoctorConvertCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "convert",
-		Usage:       "Convert the database",
-		Description: "A command to convert an existing MySQL database from utf8 to utf8mb4 or MSSQL database from varchar to nvarchar",
-		Action:      runDoctorConvert,
-	}
+// cmdDoctorConvert represents the available convert sub-command.
+var cmdDoctorConvert = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "convert",
+	Usage:       "Convert the database",
+	Description: "A command to convert an existing MySQL database from utf8 to utf8mb4 or MSSQL database from varchar to nvarchar",
+	Action:      runDoctorConvert,
 }

 func runDoctorConvert(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/doctor_test.go
+++ b/cmd/doctor_test.go
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ func TestDoctorRun(t *testing.T) {
 		SkipDatabaseInitialization: true,
 	})
 	app := &cli.Command{
-		Commands: []*cli.Command{newDoctorCheckCommand()},
+		Commands: []*cli.Command{cmdDoctorCheck},
 	}
 	err := app.Run(t.Context(), []string{"./gitea", "check", "--run", "test-check"})
 	assert.NoError(t, err)
--- a/cmd/dump.go
+++ b/cmd/dump.go
@@ -23,79 +23,78 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newDumpCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "dump",
-		Usage:       "Dump Gitea files and database",
-		Description: `Dump compresses all related files and database into zip file. It can be used for backup and capture Gitea server image to send to maintainer`,
-		Action:      runDump,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "file",
-				Aliases: []string{"f"},
-				Usage:   `Name of the dump file which will be created, default to "gitea-dump-{time}.zip". Supply '-' for stdout. See type for available types.`,
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "verbose",
-				Aliases: []string{"V"},
-				Usage:   "Show process details",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "quiet",
-				Aliases: []string{"q"},
-				Usage:   "Only display warnings and errors",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "tempdir",
-				Aliases: []string{"t"},
-				Value:   os.TempDir(),
-				Usage:   "Temporary dir path",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "database",
-				Aliases: []string{"d"},
-				Usage:   "Specify the database SQL syntax: sqlite3, mysql, mssql, postgres",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "skip-repository",
-				Aliases: []string{"R"},
-				Usage:   "Skip the repository dumping",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "skip-log",
-				Aliases: []string{"L"},
-				Usage:   "Skip the log dumping",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-custom-dir",
-				Usage: "Skip custom directory",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-lfs-data",
-				Usage: "Skip LFS data",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-attachment-data",
-				Usage: "Skip attachment data",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-package-data",
-				Usage: "Skip package data",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-index",
-				Usage: "Skip bleve index data",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "skip-db",
-				Usage: "Skip database",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "type",
-				Usage: `Dump output format, default to "zip", supported types: ` + strings.Join(dump.SupportedOutputTypes, ", "),
-			},
+// CmdDump represents the available dump sub-command.
+var CmdDump = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "dump",
+	Usage:       "Dump Gitea files and database",
+	Description: `Dump compresses all related files and database into zip file. It can be used for backup and capture Gitea server image to send to maintainer`,
+	Action:      runDump,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "file",
+			Aliases: []string{"f"},
+			Usage:   `Name of the dump file which will be created, default to "gitea-dump-{time}.zip". Supply '-' for stdout. See type for available types.`,
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "verbose",
+			Aliases: []string{"V"},
+			Usage:   "Show process details",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "quiet",
+			Aliases: []string{"q"},
+			Usage:   "Only display warnings and errors",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "tempdir",
+			Aliases: []string{"t"},
+			Value:   os.TempDir(),
+			Usage:   "Temporary dir path",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "database",
+			Aliases: []string{"d"},
+			Usage:   "Specify the database SQL syntax: sqlite3, mysql, mssql, postgres",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "skip-repository",
+			Aliases: []string{"R"},
+			Usage:   "Skip the repository dumping",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "skip-log",
+			Aliases: []string{"L"},
+			Usage:   "Skip the log dumping",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-custom-dir",
+			Usage: "Skip custom directory",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-lfs-data",
+			Usage: "Skip LFS data",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-attachment-data",
+			Usage: "Skip attachment data",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-package-data",
+			Usage: "Skip package data",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-index",
+			Usage: "Skip bleve index data",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "skip-db",
+			Usage: "Skip database",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "type",
+			Usage: `Dump output format, default to "zip", supported types: ` + strings.Join(dump.SupportedOutputTypes, ", "),
+		},
+	},
 }

 func fatal(format string, args ...any) {
--- a/cmd/dump_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/dump_repo.go
@@ -22,62 +22,61 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newDumpRepositoryCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "dump-repo",
-		Usage:       "Dump the repository from git/github/gitea/gitlab",
-		Description: "This is a command for dumping the repository data.",
-		Action:      runDumpRepository,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "git_service",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Git service, git, github, gitea, gitlab. If clone_addr could be recognized, this could be ignored.",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "repo_dir",
-				Aliases: []string{"r"},
-				Value:   "./data",
-				Usage:   "Repository dir path to store the data",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "clone_addr",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The URL will be clone, currently could be a git/github/gitea/gitlab http/https URL",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "auth_username",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The username to visit the clone_addr",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "auth_password",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The password to visit the clone_addr",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "auth_token",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The personal token to visit the clone_addr",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "owner_name",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with owner name if not empty",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "repo_name",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with repository name if not empty",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "units",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: `Which items will be migrated, one or more units should be separated as comma.
-wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
-			},
+// CmdDumpRepository represents the available dump repository sub-command.
+var CmdDumpRepository = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "dump-repo",
+	Usage:       "Dump the repository from git/github/gitea/gitlab",
+	Description: "This is a command for dumping the repository data.",
+	Action:      runDumpRepository,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "git_service",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Git service, git, github, gitea, gitlab. If clone_addr could be recognized, this could be ignored.",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "repo_dir",
+			Aliases: []string{"r"},
+			Value:   "./data",
+			Usage:   "Repository dir path to store the data",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "clone_addr",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The URL will be clone, currently could be a git/github/gitea/gitlab http/https URL",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "auth_username",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The username to visit the clone_addr",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "auth_password",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The password to visit the clone_addr",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "auth_token",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The personal token to visit the clone_addr",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "owner_name",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with owner name if not empty",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "repo_name",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "The data will be stored on a directory with repository name if not empty",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "units",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: `Which items will be migrated, one or more units should be separated as comma.
+wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
+		},
+	},
 }

 func runDumpRepository(ctx context.Context, cmd *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/embedded.go
+++ b/cmd/embedded.go
@@ -23,23 +23,20 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-var matchedAssetFiles []assetFile
-
-func newEmbeddedCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+// CmdEmbedded represents the available extract sub-command.
+var (
+	CmdEmbedded = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "embedded",
 		Usage:       "Extract embedded resources",
 		Description: "A command for extracting embedded resources, like templates and images",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newEmbeddedListCommand(),
-			newEmbeddedViewCommand(),
-			newEmbeddedExtractCommand(),
+			subcmdList,
+			subcmdView,
+			subcmdExtract,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newEmbeddedListCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdList = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "list",
 		Usage:  "List files matching the given pattern",
 		Action: runList,
@@ -51,10 +48,8 @@ func newEmbeddedListCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newEmbeddedViewCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdView = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "view",
 		Usage:  "View a file matching the given pattern",
 		Action: runView,
@@ -66,10 +61,8 @@ func newEmbeddedViewCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newEmbeddedExtractCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdExtract = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "extract",
 		Usage:  "Extract resources",
 		Action: runExtract,
@@ -98,7 +91,9 @@ func newEmbeddedExtractCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+
+	matchedAssetFiles []assetFile
+)

 type assetFile struct {
 	fs   *assetfs.LayeredFS
--- a/cmd/generate.go
+++ b/cmd/generate.go
@@ -15,52 +15,45 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newGenerateCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	// CmdGenerate represents the available generate sub-command.
+	CmdGenerate = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "generate",
 		Usage: "Generate Gitea's secrets/keys/tokens",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newGenerateSecretCommand(),
+			subcmdSecret,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newGenerateSecretCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdSecret = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "secret",
 		Usage: "Generate a secret token",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newGenerateInternalTokenCommand(),
-			newGenerateLfsJWTSecretCommand(),
-			newGenerateSecretKeyCommand(),
+			microcmdGenerateInternalToken,
+			microcmdGenerateLfsJwtSecret,
+			microcmdGenerateSecretKey,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newGenerateInternalTokenCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	microcmdGenerateInternalToken = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "INTERNAL_TOKEN",
 		Usage:  "Generate a new INTERNAL_TOKEN",
 		Action: runGenerateInternalToken,
 	}
-}

-func newGenerateLfsJWTSecretCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	microcmdGenerateLfsJwtSecret = &cli.Command{
 		Name:    "JWT_SECRET",
 		Aliases: []string{"LFS_JWT_SECRET"},
 		Usage:   "Generate a new JWT_SECRET",
 		Action:  runGenerateLfsJwtSecret,
 	}
-}

-func newGenerateSecretKeyCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	microcmdGenerateSecretKey = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "SECRET_KEY",
 		Usage:  "Generate a new SECRET_KEY",
 		Action: runGenerateSecretKey,
 	}
-}
+)

 func runGenerateInternalToken(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	internalToken, err := generate.NewInternalToken()
@@ -78,7 +71,11 @@ func runGenerateInternalToken(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 }

 func runGenerateLfsJwtSecret(_ context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
-	_, jwtSecretBase64 := generate.NewJwtSecretWithBase64()
+	_, jwtSecretBase64, err := generate.NewJwtSecretWithBase64()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
 	fmt.Printf("%s", jwtSecretBase64)

 	if isatty.IsTerminal(os.Stdout.Fd()) {
--- a/cmd/hook.go
+++ b/cmd/hook.go
@@ -28,24 +28,23 @@ const (
 	hookBatchSize = 500
 )

-func newHookCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	// CmdHook represents the available hooks sub-command.
+	CmdHook = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "hook",
 		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by Git",
 		Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
 		Description: "Delegate commands to corresponding Git hooks",
 		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newHookPreReceiveCommand(),
-			newHookUpdateCommand(),
-			newHookPostReceiveCommand(),
-			newHookProcReceiveCommand(),
+			subcmdHookPreReceive,
+			subcmdHookUpdate,
+			subcmdHookPostReceive,
+			subcmdHookProcReceive,
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newHookPreReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdHookPreReceive = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "pre-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate pre-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -56,10 +55,7 @@ func newHookPreReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
-
-func newHookUpdateCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdHookUpdate = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "update",
 		Usage:       "Delegate update Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -70,10 +66,7 @@ func newHookUpdateCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
-
-func newHookPostReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdHookPostReceive = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "post-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate post-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -84,11 +77,8 @@ func newHookPostReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
-
-// Note: new hook since git 2.29
-func newHookProcReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	// Note: new hook since git 2.29
+	subcmdHookProcReceive = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "proc-receive",
 		Usage:       "Delegate proc-receive Git hook",
 		Description: "This command should only be called by Git",
@@ -99,7 +89,7 @@ func newHookProcReceiveCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 type delayWriter struct {
 	internal io.Writer
@@ -204,7 +194,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 	userID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPusherID), 10, 64)
 	prID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvPRID), 10, 64)
 	deployKeyID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvDeployKeyID), 10, 64)
-	actionsTaskID, _ := strconv.ParseInt(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvActionsTaskID), 10, 64)
+	actionPerm, _ := strconv.Atoi(os.Getenv(repo_module.EnvActionPerm))

 	hookOptions := private.HookOptions{
 		UserID:                          userID,
@@ -214,7 +204,7 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 		GitPushOptions:                  pushOptions(),
 		PullRequestID:                   prID,
 		DeployKeyID:                     deployKeyID,
-		ActionsTaskID:                   actionsTaskID,
+		ActionPerm:                      actionPerm,
 		IsWiki:                          isWiki,
 	}

@@ -286,9 +276,6 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 			lastline = 0
 		}
 	}
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		return fail(ctx, "Hook failed: stdin read error", "scanner error: %v", err)
-	}

 	if count > 0 {
 		hookOptions.OldCommitIDs = oldCommitIDs[:count]
@@ -428,11 +415,6 @@ Gitea or set your environment appropriately.`, "")
 			count = 0
 		}
 	}
-	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
-		_ = dWriter.Close()
-		hookPrintResults(results)
-		return fail(ctx, "Hook failed: stdin read error", "scanner error: %v", err)
-	}

 	if count == 0 {
 		if wasEmpty && masterPushed {
--- a/cmd/keys.go
+++ b/cmd/keys.go
@@ -15,42 +15,40 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-// NewKeysCommand returns the internal SSH key lookup sub-command.
-func NewKeysCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "keys",
-		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH server",
-		Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
-		Description: "Queries the Gitea database to get the authorized command for a given ssh key fingerprint",
-		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
-		Action:      runKeys,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "expected",
-				Aliases: []string{"e"},
-				Value:   "git",
-				Usage:   "Expected user for whom provide key commands",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "username",
-				Aliases: []string{"u"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "Username trying to log in by SSH",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "type",
-				Aliases: []string{"t"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "Type of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires content to be provided too)",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "content",
-				Aliases: []string{"k"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "Base64 encoded content of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires type to be provided too)",
-			},
+// CmdKeys represents the available keys sub-command
+var CmdKeys = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "keys",
+	Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH server",
+	Hidden:      true, // internal commands shouldn't be visible
+	Description: "Queries the Gitea database to get the authorized command for a given ssh key fingerprint",
+	Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
+	Action:      runKeys,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "expected",
+			Aliases: []string{"e"},
+			Value:   "git",
+			Usage:   "Expected user for whom provide key commands",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "username",
+			Aliases: []string{"u"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "Username trying to log in by SSH",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "type",
+			Aliases: []string{"t"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "Type of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires content to be provided too)",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "content",
+			Aliases: []string{"k"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "Base64 encoded content of the SSH key provided to the SSH Server (requires type to be provided too)",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func runKeys(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/main.go
+++ b/cmd/main.go
@@ -112,36 +112,35 @@ func NewMainApp(appVer AppVersion) *cli.Command {
 			Usage:     "Set custom path (defaults to '{WorkPath}/custom')",
 		},
 	}
-	webCmd := newWebCommand()
 	// these sub-commands need to use a config file
 	subCmdWithConfig := []*cli.Command{
-		webCmd,
-		newServCommand(),
-		newHookCommand(),
-		NewKeysCommand(),
-		newDumpCommand(),
-		newAdminCommand(),
-		newMigrateCommand(),
-		newDoctorCommand(),
-		newManagerCommand(),
-		newEmbeddedCommand(),
-		newMigrateStorageCommand(),
-		newDumpRepositoryCommand(),
-		newRestoreRepositoryCommand(),
-		newActionsCommand(),
+		CmdWeb,
+		CmdServ,
+		CmdHook,
+		CmdKeys,
+		CmdDump,
+		CmdAdmin,
+		CmdMigrate,
+		CmdDoctor,
+		CmdManager,
+		CmdEmbedded,
+		CmdMigrateStorage,
+		CmdDumpRepository,
+		CmdRestoreRepository,
+		CmdActions,
 	}

 	// these sub-commands do not need the config file, and they do not depend on any path or environment variable.
 	subCmdStandalone := []*cli.Command{
 		cmdConfig(),
 		cmdCert(),
-		newGenerateCommand(),
-		newDocsCommand(),
+		CmdGenerate,
+		CmdDocs,
 	}

 	// TODO: we should eventually drop the default command,
 	// but not sure whether it would break Windows users who used to double-click the EXE to run.
-	app.DefaultCommand = webCmd.Name
+	app.DefaultCommand = CmdWeb.Name

 	app.Before = PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO)
 	for i := range subCmdWithConfig {
--- a/cmd/manager.go
+++ b/cmd/manager.go
@@ -13,24 +13,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newManagerCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+var (
+	// CmdManager represents the manager command
+	CmdManager = &cli.Command{
 		Name:        "manager",
 		Usage:       "Manage the running gitea process",
 		Description: "This is a command for managing the running gitea process",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
-			newShutdownCommand(),
-			newRestartCommand(),
-			newReloadTemplatesCommand(),
-			newFlushQueuesCommand(),
-			newLoggingCommand(),
-			newProcessesCommand(),
+			subcmdShutdown,
+			subcmdRestart,
+			subcmdReloadTemplates,
+			subcmdFlushQueues,
+			subcmdLogging,
+			subCmdProcesses,
 		},
 	}
-}
-
-func newShutdownCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdShutdown = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "shutdown",
 		Usage: "Gracefully shutdown the running process",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -40,10 +38,7 @@ func newShutdownCommand() *cli.Command {
 		},
 		Action: runShutdown,
 	}
-}
-
-func newRestartCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdRestart = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "restart",
 		Usage: "Gracefully restart the running process - (not implemented for windows servers)",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -53,10 +48,7 @@ func newRestartCommand() *cli.Command {
 		},
 		Action: runRestart,
 	}
-}
-
-func newReloadTemplatesCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdReloadTemplates = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "reload-templates",
 		Usage: "Reload template files in the running process",
 		Flags: []cli.Flag{
@@ -66,10 +58,7 @@ func newReloadTemplatesCommand() *cli.Command {
 		},
 		Action: runReloadTemplates,
 	}
-}
-
-func newFlushQueuesCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdFlushQueues = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "flush-queues",
 		Usage:  "Flush queues in the running process",
 		Action: runFlushQueues,
@@ -88,10 +77,7 @@ func newFlushQueuesCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
-
-func newProcessesCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subCmdProcesses = &cli.Command{
 		Name:   "processes",
 		Usage:  "Display running processes within the current process",
 		Action: runProcesses,
@@ -121,7 +107,7 @@ func newProcessesCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 func runShutdown(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
--- a/cmd/manager_logging.go
+++ b/cmd/manager_logging.go
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func defaultLoggingFlags() []cli.Flag {
-	return []cli.Flag{
+var (
+	defaultLoggingFlags = []cli.Flag{
 		&cli.StringFlag{
 			Name:  "logger",
 			Usage: `Logger name - will default to "default"`,
@@ -57,10 +57,8 @@ func defaultLoggingFlags() []cli.Flag {
 			Name: "debug",
 		},
 	}
-}

-func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
+	subcmdLogging = &cli.Command{
 		Name:  "logging",
 		Usage: "Adjust logging commands",
 		Commands: []*cli.Command{
@@ -111,7 +109,7 @@ func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 					{
 						Name:  "file",
 						Usage: "Add a file logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
+						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags, []cli.Flag{
 							&cli.StringFlag{
 								Name:    "filename",
 								Aliases: []string{"f"},
@@ -152,7 +150,7 @@ func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 					}, {
 						Name:  "conn",
 						Usage: "Add a net conn logger",
-						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags(), []cli.Flag{
+						Flags: append(defaultLoggingFlags, []cli.Flag{
 							&cli.BoolFlag{
 								Name:    "reconnect-on-message",
 								Aliases: []string{"R"},
@@ -193,7 +191,7 @@ func newLoggingCommand() *cli.Command {
 			},
 		},
 	}
-}
+)

 func runRemoveLogger(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
 	setup(ctx, c.Bool("debug"))
--- a/cmd/migrate.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate.go
@@ -14,13 +14,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newMigrateCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "migrate",
-		Usage:       "Migrate the database",
-		Description: `This is a command for migrating the database, so that you can run "gitea admin create user" before starting the server.`,
-		Action:      runMigrate,
-	}
+// CmdMigrate represents the available migrate sub-command.
+var CmdMigrate = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "migrate",
+	Usage:       "Migrate the database",
+	Description: `This is a command for migrating the database, so that you can run "gitea admin create user" before starting the server.`,
+	Action:      runMigrate,
 }

 func runMigrate(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/migrate_storage.go
+++ b/cmd/migrate_storage.go
@@ -25,108 +25,107 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newMigrateStorageCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "migrate-storage",
-		Usage:       "Migrate the storage",
-		Description: "Copies stored files from storage configured in app.ini to parameter-configured storage",
-		Action:      runMigrateStorage,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "type",
-				Aliases: []string{"t"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "Type of stored files to copy.  Allowed types: 'attachments', 'lfs', 'avatars', 'repo-avatars', 'repo-archivers', 'packages', 'actions-log', 'actions-artifacts'",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "storage",
-				Aliases: []string{"s"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "New storage type: local (default), minio or azureblob",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "path",
-				Aliases: []string{"p"},
-				Value:   "",
-				Usage:   "New storage placement if store is local (leave blank for default)",
-			},
-			// Minio Storage special configurations
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-endpoint",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage endpoint",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-access-key-id",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage accessKeyID",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-secret-access-key",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage secretAccessKey",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-bucket",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage bucket",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-location",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage location to create bucket",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-base-path",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio storage base path on the bucket",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-use-ssl",
-				Usage: "Enable SSL for minio",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-insecure-skip-verify",
-				Usage: "Skip SSL verification",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-checksum-algorithm",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio checksum algorithm (default/md5)",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "minio-bucket-lookup-type",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Minio bucket lookup type",
-			},
-			// Azure Blob Storage special configurations
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "azureblob-endpoint",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Azure Blob storage endpoint",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "azureblob-account-name",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Azure Blob storage account name",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "azureblob-account-key",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Azure Blob storage account key",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "azureblob-container",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Azure Blob storage container",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "azureblob-base-path",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Azure Blob storage base path",
-			},
+// CmdMigrateStorage represents the available migrate storage sub-command.
+var CmdMigrateStorage = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "migrate-storage",
+	Usage:       "Migrate the storage",
+	Description: "Copies stored files from storage configured in app.ini to parameter-configured storage",
+	Action:      runMigrateStorage,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "type",
+			Aliases: []string{"t"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "Type of stored files to copy.  Allowed types: 'attachments', 'lfs', 'avatars', 'repo-avatars', 'repo-archivers', 'packages', 'actions-log', 'actions-artifacts'",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "storage",
+			Aliases: []string{"s"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "New storage type: local (default), minio or azureblob",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "path",
+			Aliases: []string{"p"},
+			Value:   "",
+			Usage:   "New storage placement if store is local (leave blank for default)",
+		},
+		// Minio Storage special configurations
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-endpoint",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage endpoint",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-access-key-id",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage accessKeyID",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-secret-access-key",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage secretAccessKey",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-bucket",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage bucket",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-location",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage location to create bucket",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-base-path",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio storage base path on the bucket",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-use-ssl",
+			Usage: "Enable SSL for minio",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-insecure-skip-verify",
+			Usage: "Skip SSL verification",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-checksum-algorithm",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio checksum algorithm (default/md5)",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "minio-bucket-lookup-type",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Minio bucket lookup type",
+		},
+		// Azure Blob Storage special configurations
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "azureblob-endpoint",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Azure Blob storage endpoint",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "azureblob-account-name",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Azure Blob storage account name",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "azureblob-account-key",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Azure Blob storage account key",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "azureblob-container",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Azure Blob storage container",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "azureblob-base-path",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Azure Blob storage base path",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func migrateAttachments(ctx context.Context, dstStorage storage.ObjectStorage) error {
--- a/cmd/restore_repo.go
+++ b/cmd/restore_repo.go
@@ -13,41 +13,40 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newRestoreRepositoryCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "restore-repo",
-		Usage:       "Restore the repository from disk",
-		Description: "This is a command for restoring the repository data.",
-		Action:      runRestoreRepository,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "repo_dir",
-				Aliases: []string{"r"},
-				Value:   "./data",
-				Usage:   "Repository dir path to restore from",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "owner_name",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Restore destination owner name",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "repo_name",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: "Restore destination repository name",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "units",
-				Value: "",
-				Usage: `Which items will be restored, one or more units should be separated as comma.
-wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "validation",
-				Usage: "Sanity check the content of the files before trying to load them",
-			},
+// CmdRestoreRepository represents the available restore a repository sub-command.
+var CmdRestoreRepository = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "restore-repo",
+	Usage:       "Restore the repository from disk",
+	Description: "This is a command for restoring the repository data.",
+	Action:      runRestoreRepository,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "repo_dir",
+			Aliases: []string{"r"},
+			Value:   "./data",
+			Usage:   "Repository dir path to restore from",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "owner_name",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Restore destination owner name",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "repo_name",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: "Restore destination repository name",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "units",
+			Value: "",
+			Usage: `Which items will be restored, one or more units should be separated as comma.
+wiki, issues, labels, releases, release_assets, milestones, pull_requests, comments are allowed. Empty means all units.`,
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "validation",
+			Usage: "Sanity check the content of the files before trying to load them",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func runRestoreRepository(ctx context.Context, c *cli.Command) error {
--- a/cmd/serv.go
+++ b/cmd/serv.go
@@ -35,23 +35,22 @@ import (
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 )

-func newServCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:        "serv",
-		Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH shell",
-		Description: "Serv provides access auth for repositories",
-		Hidden:      true, // Internal commands shouldn't be visible in help
-		Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
-		Action:      runServ,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name: "enable-pprof",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name: "debug",
-			},
+// CmdServ represents the available serv sub-command.
+var CmdServ = &cli.Command{
+	Name:        "serv",
+	Usage:       "(internal) Should only be called by SSH shell",
+	Description: "Serv provides access auth for repositories",
+	Hidden:      true, // Internal commands shouldn't be visible in help
+	Before:      PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.FATAL),
+	Action:      runServ,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name: "enable-pprof",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name: "debug",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func setup(ctx context.Context, debug bool) {
--- a/cmd/web.go
+++ b/cmd/web.go
@@ -34,43 +34,42 @@ import (
 // PIDFile could be set from build tag
 var PIDFile = "/run/gitea.pid"

-func newWebCommand() *cli.Command {
-	return &cli.Command{
-		Name:  "web",
-		Usage: "Start Gitea web server",
-		Description: `Gitea web server is the only thing you need to run,
+// CmdWeb represents the available web sub-command.
+var CmdWeb = &cli.Command{
+	Name:  "web",
+	Usage: "Start Gitea web server",
+	Description: `Gitea web server is the only thing you need to run,
 and it takes care of all the other things for you`,
-		Before: PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO),
-		Action: runWeb,
-		Flags: []cli.Flag{
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "port",
-				Aliases: []string{"p"},
-				Value:   "3000",
-				Usage:   "Temporary port number to prevent conflict",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:  "install-port",
-				Value: "3000",
-				Usage: "Temporary port number to run the install page on to prevent conflict",
-			},
-			&cli.StringFlag{
-				Name:    "pid",
-				Aliases: []string{"P"},
-				Value:   PIDFile,
-				Usage:   "Custom pid file path",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:    "quiet",
-				Aliases: []string{"q"},
-				Usage:   "Only display Fatal logging errors until logging is set-up",
-			},
-			&cli.BoolFlag{
-				Name:  "verbose",
-				Usage: "Set initial logging to TRACE level until logging is properly set-up",
-			},
+	Before: PrepareConsoleLoggerLevel(log.INFO),
+	Action: runWeb,
+	Flags: []cli.Flag{
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "port",
+			Aliases: []string{"p"},
+			Value:   "3000",
+			Usage:   "Temporary port number to prevent conflict",
 		},
-	}
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:  "install-port",
+			Value: "3000",
+			Usage: "Temporary port number to run the install page on to prevent conflict",
+		},
+		&cli.StringFlag{
+			Name:    "pid",
+			Aliases: []string{"P"},
+			Value:   PIDFile,
+			Usage:   "Custom pid file path",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:    "quiet",
+			Aliases: []string{"q"},
+			Usage:   "Only display Fatal logging errors until logging is set-up",
+		},
+		&cli.BoolFlag{
+			Name:  "verbose",
+			Usage: "Set initial logging to TRACE level until logging is properly set-up",
+		},
+	},
 }

 func runHTTPRedirector() {
--- a/contrib/backport/backport.go
+++ b/contrib/backport/backport.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"

-	"github.com/google/go-github/v84/github"
+	"github.com/google/go-github/v74/github"
 	"github.com/urfave/cli/v3"
 	"gopkg.in/yaml.v3"
 )
--- a/contrib/upgrade.sh
+++ b/contrib/upgrade.sh
@@ -108,9 +108,7 @@ curl --connect-timeout 10 --silent --show-error --fail --location -O "$binurl{,.
 sha256sum -c "${binname}.xz.sha256"
 if [[ -z "${ignore_gpg:-}" ]]; then
  require gpg
-  # try to use curl first, it uses standard tcp 443 port and works better behind strict firewall rules
-  curl -fsSL --connect-timeout 10 "https://keys.openpgp.org/vks/v1/by-fingerprint/7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2" | gpg --import \
-    || gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --recv 7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2
+  gpg --keyserver keys.openpgp.org --recv 7C9E68152594688862D62AF62D9AE806EC1592E2
  gpg --verify "${binname}.xz.asc" "${binname}.xz" || { echo 'Signature does not match'; exit 1; }
 fi
 rm "${binname}".xz.{sha256,asc}
@@ -129,8 +127,6 @@ echo "Creating backup in $giteahome"
 giteacmd dump $backupopts
 echo "Updating binary at $giteabin"
 cp -f "$giteabin" "$giteabin.bak" && mv -f "$binname" "$giteabin"
-# Restore SELinux context if applicable (e.g. RHEL/Fedora)
-command -v restorecon &>/dev/null && restorecon -v "$giteabin" || true
 $service_start
 $service_status

--- a/custom/conf/app.example.ini
+++ b/custom/conf/app.example.ini
@@ -69,12 +69,13 @@ RUN_USER = ; git
 ;; Most users should set it to the real website URL of their Gitea instance when there is a reverse proxy.
 ;ROOT_URL =
 ;;
-;; Controls how to detect the public URL. Most instances should use the "auto" behavior,
+;; Controls how to detect the public URL.
+;; Although it defaults to "legacy" (to avoid breaking existing users), most instances should use the "auto" behavior,
 ;; especially when the Gitea instance needs to be accessed in a container network.
-;; * legacy: (default <= 1.25) detect the public URL from "Host" header if "X-Forwarded-Proto" header exists, otherwise use "ROOT_URL".
-;; * auto: (default >= 1.26) always use "Host" header, and also use "X-Forwarded-Proto" header if it exists. If no "Host" header, use "ROOT_URL".
+;; * legacy: detect the public URL from "Host" header if "X-Forwarded-Proto" header exists, otherwise use "ROOT_URL".
+;; * auto: always use "Host" header, and also use "X-Forwarded-Proto" header if it exists. If no "Host" header, use "ROOT_URL".
 ;; * never: always use "ROOT_URL", never detect from request headers.
-;PUBLIC_URL_DETECTION = auto
+;PUBLIC_URL_DETECTION = legacy
 ;;
 ;; For development purpose only. It makes Gitea handle sub-path ("/sub-path/owner/repo/...") directly when debugging without a reverse proxy.
 ;; DO NOT USE IT IN PRODUCTION!!!
@@ -1152,15 +1153,15 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; Add co-authored-by and co-committed-by trailers if committer does not match author
 ;ADD_CO_COMMITTER_TRAILERS = true
 ;;
+;; In addition to testing patches using the three-way merge method, re-test conflicting patches with git apply
+;TEST_CONFLICTING_PATCHES_WITH_GIT_APPLY = false
+;;
 ;; Retarget child pull requests to the parent pull request branch target on merge of parent pull request. It only works on merged PRs where the head and base branch target the same repo.
 ;RETARGET_CHILDREN_ON_MERGE = true
 ;;
 ;; Delay mergeable check until page view or API access, for pull requests that have not been updated in the specified days when their base branches get updated.
 ;; Use "-1" to always check all pull requests (old behavior). Use "0" to always delay the checks.
 ;DELAY_CHECK_FOR_INACTIVE_DAYS = 7
-;;
-;; Set the default value for "Delete pull request branch after merge by default" for new repositories
-;DEFAULT_DELETE_BRANCH_AFTER_MERGE = false

 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -2276,22 +2277,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;; Unreferenced blobs created more than OLDER_THAN ago are subject to deletion
 ;OLDER_THAN = 24h

-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Synchronize repository licenses
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.sync_repo_licenses]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Whether to enable the job
-;ENABLED = false
-;; Whether to always run at least once at start up time (if ENABLED)
-;RUN_AT_START = false
-;; Whether to emit notice on successful execution too
-;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
-;; Time interval for job to run
-;SCHEDULE = @annually
-
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
@@ -2353,18 +2338,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
 ;SCHEDULE = @every 72h

-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Update the '.ssh/authorized_principals' file
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.resync_all_sshprincipals]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = false
-;RUN_AT_START = false
-;NOTICE_ON_SUCCESS = false
-;SCHEDULE = @every 72h
-
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;; Resynchronize git hooks of all repositories (pre-receive, update, post-receive, proc-receive, ...)
@@ -2473,70 +2446,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;Check at least this proportion of LFSMetaObjects per repo. (This may cause all stale LFSMetaObjects to be checked.)
 ;PROPORTION_TO_CHECK_PER_REPO = 0.6

-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Rebuild issue index
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.rebuild_issue_indexer]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = false
-;RUN_AT_START = false
-;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
-;SCHEDULE = @annually
-
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Actions cron tasks
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Stop running tasks which haven't been updated for a long time
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.stop_zombie_tasks]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = true
-;RUN_AT_START = true
-;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
-;SCHEDULE = @every 5m
-
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Stop running tasks which have running status and continuous updates but don't end for a long time
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.stop_endless_tasks]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = true
-;RUN_AT_START = true
-;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
-;SCHEDULE = @every 30m
-
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Cancel jobs which haven't been picked up for a long time
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.cancel_abandoned_jobs]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = true
-;RUN_AT_START = false
-;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
-;SCHEDULE = @every 6h
-
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;; Start cron based actions
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;[cron.start_schedule_tasks]
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
-;ENABLED = true
-;RUN_AT_START = false
-;NO_SUCCESS_NOTICE = false
-;SCHEDULE = @every 1m
-
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
 ;[mirror]
@@ -2790,8 +2699,6 @@ LEVEL = Info
 ;LIMIT_SIZE_SWIFT = -1
 ;; Maximum size of a Vagrant upload (`-1` means no limits, format `1000`, `1 MB`, `1 GiB`)
 ;LIMIT_SIZE_VAGRANT = -1
-;; Maximum size of a Terraform state upload (`-1` means no limits, format `1000`, `1 MB`, `1 GiB`)
-;LIMIT_SIZE_TERRAFORM_STATE = -1
 ;; Enable RPM re-signing by default. (It will overwrite the old signature ,using v4 format, not compatible with CentOS 6 or older)
 ;DEFAULT_RPM_SIGN_ENABLED  = false
 ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
--- a/eslint.config.ts
+++ b/eslint.config.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import arrayFunc from 'eslint-plugin-array-func';
 import comments from '@eslint-community/eslint-plugin-eslint-comments';
-import deMorgan from 'eslint-plugin-de-morgan';
 import github from 'eslint-plugin-github';
 import globals from 'globals';
 import importPlugin from 'eslint-plugin-import-x';
@@ -64,7 +63,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@stylistic': stylistic,
      '@typescript-eslint': typescriptPlugin.plugin,
      'array-func': arrayFunc,
-      'de-morgan': deMorgan,
      'import-x': importPlugin as unknown as ESLint.Plugin, // https://github.com/un-ts/eslint-plugin-import-x/issues/203
      regexp,
      sonarjs,
@@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/naming-convention': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-array-constructor': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-array-delete': [2],
-      '@typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string': [2],
+      '@typescript-eslint/no-base-to-string': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-confusing-non-null-assertion': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-confusing-void-expression': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/no-deprecated': [2],
@@ -256,10 +254,10 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-function-type': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-includes': [2],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-literal-enum-member': [0],
-      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword': [2],
+      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-namespace-keyword': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-nullish-coalescing': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-optional-chain': [2, {requireNullish: true}],
-      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors': [2],
+      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-readonly': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-readonly-parameter-types': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/prefer-reduce-type-parameter': [0],
@@ -270,7 +268,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      '@typescript-eslint/require-array-sort-compare': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/require-await': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-plus-operands': [2],
-      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions': [2],
+      '@typescript-eslint/restrict-template-expressions': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/return-await': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/strict-boolean-expressions': [0],
      '@typescript-eslint/strict-void-return': [0],
@@ -297,8 +295,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'consistent-this': [0],
      'constructor-super': [2],
      'curly': [0],
-      'de-morgan/no-negated-conjunction': [2],
-      'de-morgan/no-negated-disjunction': [2],
      'default-case-last': [2],
      'default-case': [0],
      'default-param-last': [0],
@@ -329,7 +325,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'github/no-innerText': [2],
      'github/no-then': [2],
      'github/no-useless-passive': [2],
-      'github/prefer-observers': [0],
+      'github/prefer-observers': [2],
      'github/require-passive-events': [2],
      'github/unescaped-html-literal': [2],
      'grouped-accessor-pairs': [2],
@@ -572,11 +568,7 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-restricted-exports': [0],
      'no-restricted-globals': [2, ...restrictedGlobals],
      'no-restricted-properties': [2, ...restrictedProperties],
-      'no-restricted-imports': [2, {paths: [
-        {name: 'jquery', message: 'Use the global $ instead', allowTypeImports: true},
-        {name: 'htmx.org', message: 'Use the global htmx instead', allowTypeImports: true},
-        {name: 'idiomorph/htmx', message: 'Loaded in globals.ts', allowTypeImports: true},
-      ]}],
+      'no-restricted-imports': [0],
      'no-restricted-syntax': [2, 'WithStatement', 'ForInStatement', 'LabeledStatement', 'SequenceExpression'],
      'no-return-assign': [0],
      'no-script-url': [2],
@@ -594,7 +586,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'no-undef-init': [2],
      'no-undef': [2], // it is still needed by eslint & IDE to prompt undefined names in real time
      'no-undefined': [0],
-      'no-unassigned-vars': [2],
      'no-underscore-dangle': [0],
      'no-unexpected-multiline': [2],
      'no-unmodified-loop-condition': [2],
@@ -635,20 +626,19 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'prefer-numeric-literals': [2],
      'prefer-object-has-own': [2],
      'prefer-object-spread': [2],
-      'prefer-promise-reject-errors': [0], // handled by @typescript-eslint/prefer-promise-reject-errors
+      'prefer-promise-reject-errors': [2, {allowEmptyReject: false}],
      'prefer-regex-literals': [2],
      'prefer-rest-params': [2],
      'prefer-spread': [2],
      'prefer-template': [2],
-      'preserve-caught-error': [0],
-      'radix': [0],
+      'radix': [2, 'as-needed'],
      'regexp/confusing-quantifier': [2],
      'regexp/control-character-escape': [2],
      'regexp/hexadecimal-escape': [0],
      'regexp/letter-case': [0],
      'regexp/match-any': [2],
      'regexp/negation': [2],
-      'regexp/no-contradiction-with-assertion': [2],
+      'regexp/no-contradiction-with-assertion': [0],
      'regexp/no-control-character': [0],
      'regexp/no-dupe-characters-character-class': [2],
      'regexp/no-dupe-disjunctions': [2],
@@ -664,8 +654,8 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'regexp/no-invisible-character': [2],
      'regexp/no-lazy-ends': [2],
      'regexp/no-legacy-features': [2],
-      'regexp/no-misleading-capturing-group': [2],
-      'regexp/no-misleading-unicode-character': [2],
+      'regexp/no-misleading-capturing-group': [0],
+      'regexp/no-misleading-unicode-character': [0],
      'regexp/no-missing-g-flag': [2],
      'regexp/no-non-standard-flag': [2],
      'regexp/no-obscure-range': [2],
@@ -766,7 +756,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/catch-error-name': [0],
      'unicorn/consistent-destructuring': [2],
      'unicorn/consistent-empty-array-spread': [2],
-      'unicorn/consistent-template-literal-escape': [2],
      'unicorn/consistent-existence-index-check': [0],
      'unicorn/consistent-function-scoping': [0],
      'unicorn/custom-error-definition': [0],
@@ -822,7 +811,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/no-unused-properties': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-collection-argument': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-fallback-in-spread': [2],
-      'unicorn/no-useless-iterator-to-array': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-length-check': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-promise-resolve-reject': [2],
      'unicorn/no-useless-spread': [2],
@@ -872,7 +860,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/prefer-response-static-json': [2],
      'unicorn/prefer-set-has': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-set-size': [2],
-      'unicorn/prefer-simple-condition-first': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-spread': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-string-raw': [0],
      'unicorn/prefer-string-replace-all': [0],
@@ -891,7 +878,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'unicorn/require-post-message-target-origin': [0],
      'unicorn/string-content': [0],
      'unicorn/switch-case-braces': [0],
-      'unicorn/switch-case-break-position': [2],
      'unicorn/template-indent': [2],
      'unicorn/text-encoding-identifier-case': [0],
      'unicorn/throw-new-error': [2],
@@ -1005,7 +991,6 @@ export default defineConfig([
      'vitest/require-top-level-describe': [0],
      'vitest/valid-describe-callback': [2],
      'vitest/valid-expect': [2, {maxArgs: 2}],
-      'vitest/valid-expect-in-promise': [2],
      'vitest/valid-title': [2],
    },
  },
@@ -1017,11 +1002,11 @@ export default defineConfig([
    },
  },
  {
-    files: ['*', 'tools/**/*', 'tests/**/*'],
+    files: ['*', 'tools/**/*'],
    languageOptions: {globals: globals.nodeBuiltin},
  },
  {
    files: ['web_src/**/*'],
-    languageOptions: {globals: {...globals.browser, ...globals.jquery, htmx: false}},
+    languageOptions: {globals: {...globals.browser, ...globals.webpack}},
  },
 ]);
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@
  "nodes": {
    "nixpkgs": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1775036866,
-        "narHash": "sha256-ZojAnPuCdy657PbTq5V0Y+AHKhZAIwSIT2cb8UgAz/U=",
+        "lastModified": 1772773019,
+        "narHash": "sha256-E1bxHxNKfDoQUuvriG71+f+s/NT0qWkImXsYZNFFfCs=",
        "owner": "nixos",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "6201e203d09599479a3b3450ed24fa81537ebc4e",
+        "rev": "aca4d95fce4914b3892661bcb80b8087293536c6",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
--- a/flake.nix
+++ b/flake.nix
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
              inherit (pkgs) lib;

              # only bump toolchain versions here
-              go = pkgs.go_1_26;
+              go = pkgs.go_1_25;
              nodejs = pkgs.nodejs_24;
-              python3 = pkgs.python314;
+              python3 = pkgs.python312;
              pnpm = pkgs.pnpm_10;

              # Platform-specific dependencies
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 module code.gitea.io/gitea

-go 1.26.1
+go 1.26.0

 // rfc5280 said: "The serial number is an integer assigned by the CA to each certificate."
 // But some CAs use negative serial number, just relax the check. related:
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ godebug x509negativeserial=1

 require (
 	code.gitea.io/actions-proto-go v0.4.1
-	code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea v0.24.1
+	code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea v0.23.2
 	codeberg.org/gusted/mcaptcha v0.0.0-20220723083913-4f3072e1d570
 	connectrpc.com/connect v1.19.1
 	gitea.com/go-chi/binding v0.0.0-20240430071103-39a851e106ed
@@ -18,26 +18,25 @@ require (
 	gitea.com/go-chi/session v0.0.0-20251124165456-68e0254e989e
 	gitea.com/lunny/dingtalk_webhook v0.0.0-20171025031554-e3534c89ef96
 	gitea.com/lunny/levelqueue v0.4.2-0.20230414023320-3c0159fe0fe4
-	github.com/42wim/httpsig v1.2.4
-	github.com/42wim/sshsig v0.0.0-20260317195500-b9f38cf0d432
+	github.com/42wim/httpsig v1.2.3
+	github.com/42wim/sshsig v0.0.0-20250502153856-5100632e8920
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.19.0
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2
-	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.1.0
-	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.4.1
-	github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.12.0
+	github.com/Azure/go-ntlmssp v0.0.0-20221128193559-754e69321358
+	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0
+	github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery v1.11.0
 	github.com/SaveTheRbtz/zstd-seekable-format-go/pkg v0.8.0
 	github.com/alecthomas/chroma/v2 v2.23.1
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.13
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/codecommit v1.33.12
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/credentials v1.19.7
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/codecommit v1.33.8
 	github.com/blakesmith/ar v0.0.0-20190502131153-809d4375e1fb
 	github.com/blevesearch/bleve/v2 v2.5.7
 	github.com/bohde/codel v0.2.0
 	github.com/buildkite/terminal-to-html/v3 v3.16.8
-	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.25.2
+	github.com/caddyserver/certmagic v0.25.1
 	github.com/charmbracelet/git-lfs-transfer v0.1.1-0.20251013092601-6327009efd21
 	github.com/chi-middleware/proxy v1.1.1
 	github.com/dimiro1/reply v0.0.0-20200315094148-d0136a4c9e21
-	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5
 	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1
 	github.com/editorconfig/editorconfig-core-go/v2 v2.6.4
@@ -49,42 +48,42 @@ require (
 	github.com/gliderlabs/ssh v0.3.8
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.5
 	github.com/go-chi/cors v1.2.2
-	github.com/go-co-op/gocron/v2 v2.19.1
-	github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2 v2.9.5
-	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.8.0
-	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.17.2
-	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.13
-	github.com/go-redsync/redsync/v4 v4.16.0
+	github.com/go-co-op/gocron v1.37.0
+	github.com/go-enry/go-enry/v2 v2.9.4
+	github.com/go-git/go-billy/v5 v5.7.0
+	github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 v5.16.5
+	github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3 v3.4.12
+	github.com/go-redsync/redsync/v4 v4.15.0
 	github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql v1.9.3
-	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.16.1
-	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.6
+	github.com/go-webauthn/webauthn v0.13.4
+	github.com/goccy/go-json v0.10.5
 	github.com/gogs/chardet v0.0.0-20211120154057-b7413eaefb8f
 	github.com/gogs/go-gogs-client v0.0.0-20210131175652-1d7215cd8d85
 	github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5 v5.3.1
-	github.com/google/go-github/v84 v84.0.0
+	github.com/google/go-github/v74 v74.0.0
 	github.com/google/licenseclassifier/v2 v2.0.0
-	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20260302011040-a15ffb7f9dcc
+	github.com/google/pprof v0.0.0-20260202012954-cb029daf43ef
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/gorilla/feeds v1.2.0
 	github.com/gorilla/sessions v1.4.0
-	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.9.0
+	github.com/hashicorp/go-version v1.8.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7
 	github.com/huandu/xstrings v1.5.0
 	github.com/jaytaylor/html2text v0.0.0-20230321000545-74c2419ad056
-	github.com/jhillyerd/enmime/v2 v2.3.0
+	github.com/jhillyerd/enmime v1.3.0
 	github.com/kballard/go-shellquote v0.0.0-20180428030007-95032a82bc51
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.3
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0
-	github.com/lib/pq v1.12.1
+	github.com/lib/pq v1.11.1
 	github.com/markbates/goth v1.82.0
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20
-	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.38
-	github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-go v0.36.1
+	github.com/mattn/go-sqlite3 v1.14.33
+	github.com/meilisearch/meilisearch-go v0.36.0
 	github.com/mholt/archives v0.1.5
 	github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.27
 	github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.6
-	github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.99
-	github.com/msteinert/pam/v2 v2.1.0
+	github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.98
+	github.com/msteinert/pam v1.2.0
 	github.com/nektos/act v0.2.63
 	github.com/niklasfasching/go-org v1.9.1
 	github.com/olivere/elastic/v7 v7.0.32
@@ -93,37 +92,38 @@ require (
 	github.com/pquerna/otp v1.5.0
 	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
 	github.com/quasoft/websspi v1.1.2
-	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.18.0
+	github.com/redis/go-redis/v9 v9.17.3
 	github.com/robfig/cron/v3 v3.0.1
-	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v6 v6.0.2
+	github.com/santhosh-tekuri/jsonschema/v5 v5.3.1
 	github.com/sassoftware/go-rpmutils v0.4.0
 	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
 	github.com/syndtr/goleveldb v1.0.0
 	github.com/tstranex/u2f v1.0.0
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15
-	github.com/urfave/cli-docs/v3 v3.1.0
+	github.com/urfave/cli-docs/v3 v3.0.0-alpha6
 	github.com/urfave/cli/v3 v3.4.1
 	github.com/wneessen/go-mail v0.7.2
 	github.com/xeipuuv/gojsonschema v1.2.0
 	github.com/yohcop/openid-go v1.0.1
-	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.8.2
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark v1.7.16
 	github.com/yuin/goldmark-highlighting/v2 v2.0.0-20230729083705-37449abec8cc
-	gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go v1.46.0
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.3
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.49.0
-	golang.org/x/image v0.38.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.52.0
-	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.36.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.42.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.35.0
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.79.3
+	github.com/yuin/goldmark-meta v1.1.0
+	gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go v0.142.4
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.2
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.47.0
+	golang.org/x/image v0.35.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.49.0
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.34.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.40.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.33.0
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.78.0
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11
 	gopkg.in/ini.v1 v1.67.1
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
 	mvdan.cc/xurls/v2 v2.6.0
-	strk.kbt.io/projects/go/libravatar v0.0.0-20260301104140-add494e31dab
+	strk.kbt.io/projects/go/libravatar v0.0.0-20191008002943-06d1c002b251
 	xorm.io/builder v0.3.13
 	xorm.io/xorm v1.3.11
 )
@@ -132,78 +132,76 @@ require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.9.0 // indirect
 	code.gitea.io/gitea-vet v0.2.3 // indirect
 	dario.cat/mergo v1.0.2 // indirect
-	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.2.0 // indirect
+	filippo.io/edwards25519 v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/internal v1.11.2 // indirect
 	github.com/DataDog/zstd v1.5.7 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring/v2 v2.16.0 // indirect
+	github.com/RoaringBitmap/roaring/v2 v2.10.0 // indirect
 	github.com/STARRY-S/zip v0.2.3 // indirect
-	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.1 // indirect
+	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/andybalholm/cascadia v1.3.3 // indirect
 	github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.5 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.21 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.21 // indirect
-	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.2 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2 v1.41.1 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/configsources v1.4.17 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/internal/endpoints/v2 v2.7.17 // indirect
+	github.com/aws/smithy-go v1.24.0 // indirect
 	github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.4 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/bleve_index_api v1.3.7 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/geo v0.2.5 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/go-faiss v1.0.30 // indirect
+	github.com/bits-and-blooms/bitset v1.24.0 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/bleve_index_api v1.2.11 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/geo v0.2.4 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/go-faiss v1.0.26 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/go-porterstemmer v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/gtreap v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/mmap-go v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/scorch_segment_api/v2 v2.4.5 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/mmap-go v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/scorch_segment_api/v2 v2.3.13 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/segment v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/snowballstem v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/blevesearch/upsidedown_store_api v1.0.2 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/vellum v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v11 v11.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v12 v12.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v13 v13.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v14 v14.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v15 v15.4.3 // indirect
-	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v16 v16.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.10.0 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/vellum v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v11 v11.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v12 v12.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v13 v13.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v14 v14.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v15 v15.4.2 // indirect
+	github.com/blevesearch/zapx/v16 v16.2.8 // indirect
+	github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4 v4.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/boombuler/barcode v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/bradfitz/gomemcache v0.0.0-20250403215159-8d39553ac7cf // indirect
-	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.5 // indirect
+	github.com/caddyserver/zerossl v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/cention-sany/utf7 v0.0.0-20170124080048-26cad61bd60a // indirect
 	github.com/cespare/xxhash/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.11.0 // indirect
-	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.3 // indirect
 	github.com/couchbase/go-couchbase v0.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/couchbase/gomemcached v0.3.4 // indirect
-	github.com/couchbase/goutils v0.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/couchbase/gomemcached v0.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/couchbase/goutils v0.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cyphar/filepath-securejoin v0.4.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/davidmz/go-pageant v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/dgryski/go-rendezvous v0.0.0-20200823014737-9f7001d12a5f // indirect
+	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
 	github.com/emersion/go-sasl v0.0.0-20241020182733-b788ff22d5a6 // indirect
-	github.com/fatih/color v1.19.0 // indirect
-	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.1 // indirect
+	github.com/fatih/color v1.18.0 // indirect
+	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/git-lfs/pktline v0.0.0-20230103162542-ca444d533ef1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-asn1-ber/asn1-ber v1.5.8-0.20250403174932-29230038a667 // indirect
 	github.com/go-enry/go-oniguruma v1.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/go-fed/httpsig v1.1.1-0.20201223112313-55836744818e // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/gcfg v1.5.1-0.20230307220236-3a3c6141e376 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ini/ini v1.67.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-viper/mapstructure/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
-	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/go-webauthn/x v0.1.24 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/civil v0.0.0-20220223132316-b832511892a9 // indirect
 	github.com/golang-sql/sqlexp v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/groupcache v0.0.0-20241129210726-2c02b8208cf8 // indirect
 	github.com/golang/snappy v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/google/btree v1.1.3 // indirect
-	github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.12.19+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.8 // indirect
+	github.com/google/flatbuffers v25.2.10+incompatible // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-querystring v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/google/go-tpm v0.9.5 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/mux v1.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/securecookie v1.1.2 // indirect
@@ -211,55 +209,55 @@ require (
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 // indirect
-	github.com/inbucket/html2text v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/jbenet/go-context v0.0.0-20150711004518-d14ea06fba99 // indirect
-	github.com/jonboulle/clockwork v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/josharian/intern v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/json-iterator/go v1.1.12 // indirect
-	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/crc32 v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.2 // indirect
+	github.com/mailru/easyjson v0.9.0 // indirect
 	github.com/markbates/going v1.0.3 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.21 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.16 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-shellwords v1.0.12 // indirect
-	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.6 // indirect
-	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.72 // indirect
+	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.69 // indirect
 	github.com/mikelolasagasti/xz v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/crc64nvme v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/md5-simd v1.1.2 // indirect
-	github.com/minio/minlz v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/minio/minlz v1.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mitchellh/mapstructure v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mrjones/oauth v0.0.0-20190623134757-126b35219450 // indirect
 	github.com/mschoch/smat v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/cat v0.0.0-20250911104152-50322a0618f6 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/errors v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/ll v0.1.8 // indirect
-	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v1.1.4 // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.0 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/cat v0.0.0-20250817074551-3280053e4e00 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/errors v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/ll v0.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/olekukonko/tablewriter v1.0.9 // indirect
 	github.com/onsi/ginkgo v1.16.5 // indirect
 	github.com/philhofer/fwd v1.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 // indirect
-	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.22 // indirect
+	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 // indirect
-	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.12 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.66.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.17.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rhysd/actionlint v1.7.7 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/russross/blackfriday/v2 v2.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/shopspring/decimal v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
-	github.com/skeema/knownhosts v1.3.2 // indirect
+	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3 // indirect
+	github.com/skeema/knownhosts v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sorairolake/lzip-go v0.3.8 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ssor/bom v0.0.0-20170718123548-6386211fdfcf // indirect
-	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.3 // indirect
+	github.com/tinylib/msgp v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/unknwon/com v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/xanzy/ssh-agent v0.3.3 // indirect
@@ -273,15 +271,16 @@ require (
 	go.uber.org/multierr v1.11.0 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap v1.27.1 // indirect
 	go.uber.org/zap/exp v0.3.0 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
+	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.2 // indirect
 	go.yaml.in/yaml/v3 v3.0.4 // indirect
-	go4.org v0.0.0-20260112195520-a5071408f32f // indirect
+	go4.org v0.0.0-20230225012048-214862532bf5 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20250819193227-8b4c13bb791b // indirect
-	golang.org/x/mod v0.34.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/tools v0.43.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260401020348-3a24fdc17823 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/mod v0.31.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/time v0.12.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/tools v0.40.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20251029180050-ab9386a59fda // indirect
 	gopkg.in/warnings.v0 v0.1.2 // indirect
+	gopkg.in/yaml.v2 v2.4.0 // indirect
 )

 ignore (
@@ -289,22 +288,16 @@ ignore (
 	./node_modules
 )

-// When doing "go get -u ./...", Golang will try to update all dependencies
-// But not all latest versions of dependencies are compatible with other packages or our codebase, so we need to pin some dependencies to specific versions
-// Need to regularly maintain this list to try to update them to latest versions, especially the TODO ones
+replace github.com/jaytaylor/html2text => github.com/Necoro/html2text v0.0.0-20250804200300-7bf1ce1c7347

-replace github.com/jaytaylor/html2text => github.com/Necoro/html2text v0.0.0-20250804200300-7bf1ce1c7347 // jaytaylor/html2text is unmaintained
+replace github.com/nektos/act => gitea.com/gitea/act v0.261.8

-replace github.com/nektos/act => gitea.com/gitea/act v0.261.10 // gitea maintains its own package
+exclude github.com/gofrs/uuid v3.2.0+incompatible

-replace github.com/urfave/cli/v3 => github.com/urfave/cli/v3 v3.4.1 // v3.6.2 breaks -c flag parsing in help commands
+exclude github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.0.0+incompatible

-replace go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 => go.yaml.in/yaml/v4 v4.0.0-rc.3 // rc.4 changes block scalar serialization, wait for stable release
+exclude github.com/goccy/go-json v0.4.11

-replace github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore => github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/azcore v1.19.0 // v1.21.0+ uses API version unsupported by Azurite in CI
-
-replace github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob => github.com/Azure/azure-sdk-for-go/sdk/storage/azblob v1.6.2 // v1.6.4+ uses API version unsupported by Azurite in CI
-
-replace github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb => github.com/microsoft/go-mssqldb v1.9.7 // downgraded with Azure SDK
+exclude github.com/satori/go.uuid v1.2.0

 tool code.gitea.io/gitea-vet
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
--- a/models/actions/artifact.go
+++ b/models/actions/artifact.go
@@ -53,11 +53,6 @@ func init() {
 	db.RegisterModel(new(ActionArtifact))
 }

-const (
-	ContentEncodingV3Gzip = "gzip"
-	ContentTypeZip        = "application/zip"
-)
-
 // ActionArtifact is a file that is stored in the artifact storage.
 type ActionArtifact struct {
 	ID                 int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
@@ -66,26 +61,16 @@ type ActionArtifact struct {
 	RepoID             int64 `xorm:"index"`
 	OwnerID            int64
 	CommitSHA          string
-	StoragePath        string // The path to the artifact in the storage
-	FileSize           int64  // The size of the artifact in bytes
-	FileCompressedSize int64  // The size of the artifact in bytes after gzip compression
-
-	// The content encoding or content type of the artifact
-	// * empty or null: legacy (v3) uncompressed content
-	// * magic string "gzip" (ContentEncodingV3Gzip): v3 gzip compressed content
-	//   * requires gzip decoding before storing in a zip for download
-	//   * requires gzip content-encoding header when downloaded single files within a workflow
-	// * mime type for "Content-Type":
-	//   * "application/zip" (ContentTypeZip), seems to be an abuse, fortunately there is no conflict, and it won't cause problems?
-	//   * "application/pdf", "text/html", etc.: real content type of the artifact
-	ContentEncodingOrType string `xorm:"content_encoding"`
-
-	ArtifactPath string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The path to the artifact when runner uploads it
-	ArtifactName string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The name of the artifact when runner uploads it
-	Status       ArtifactStatus     `xorm:"index"`                         // The status of the artifact, uploading, expired or need-delete
-	CreatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
-	UpdatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated index"`
-	ExpiredUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"` // The time when the artifact will be expired
+	StoragePath        string             // The path to the artifact in the storage
+	FileSize           int64              // The size of the artifact in bytes
+	FileCompressedSize int64              // The size of the artifact in bytes after gzip compression
+	ContentEncoding    string             // The content encoding of the artifact
+	ArtifactPath       string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The path to the artifact when runner uploads it
+	ArtifactName       string             `xorm:"index unique(runid_name_path)"` // The name of the artifact when runner uploads it
+	Status             ArtifactStatus     `xorm:"index"`                         // The status of the artifact, uploading, expired or need-delete
+	CreatedUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated index"`
+	ExpiredUnix        timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"` // The time when the artifact will be expired
 }

 func CreateArtifact(ctx context.Context, t *ActionTask, artifactName, artifactPath string, expiredDays int64) (*ActionArtifact, error) {
@@ -171,8 +156,7 @@ func (opts FindArtifactsOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 	}
 	if opts.FinalizedArtifactsV4 {
 		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"status": ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed}.Or(builder.Eq{"status": ArtifactStatusExpired}))
-		// see the comment of ActionArtifact.ContentEncodingOrType: "*/*" means the field is a content type
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Like{"content_encoding", "%/%"})
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"content_encoding": "application/zip"})
 	}

 	return cond
@@ -186,10 +170,10 @@ type ActionArtifactMeta struct {
 }

 // ListUploadedArtifactsMeta returns all uploaded artifacts meta of a run
-func ListUploadedArtifactsMeta(ctx context.Context, repoID, runID int64) ([]*ActionArtifactMeta, error) {
+func ListUploadedArtifactsMeta(ctx context.Context, runID int64) ([]*ActionArtifactMeta, error) {
 	arts := make([]*ActionArtifactMeta, 0, 10)
 	return arts, db.GetEngine(ctx).Table("action_artifact").
-		Where("repo_id=? AND run_id=? AND (status=? OR status=?)", repoID, runID, ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed, ArtifactStatusExpired).
+		Where("run_id=? AND (status=? OR status=?)", runID, ArtifactStatusUploadConfirmed, ArtifactStatusExpired).
 		GroupBy("artifact_name").
 		Select("artifact_name, sum(file_size) as file_size, max(status) as status").
 		Find(&arts)
--- a/models/actions/config.go
+++ b/models/actions/config.go
@@ -1,74 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package actions
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
-	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
-	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
-
-	"xorm.io/xorm/convert"
-)
-
-// OwnerActionsConfig defines the Actions configuration for a user or organization
-type OwnerActionsConfig struct {
-	// TokenPermissionMode defines the default permission mode (permissive, restricted)
-	TokenPermissionMode repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionMode `json:"token_permission_mode,omitempty"`
-
-	// MaxTokenPermissions defines the absolute maximum permissions any token can have in this context.
-	MaxTokenPermissions *repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions `json:"max_token_permissions,omitempty"`
-
-	// AllowedCrossRepoIDs is a list of specific repo IDs that can be accessed cross-repo
-	AllowedCrossRepoIDs []int64 `json:"allowed_cross_repo_ids,omitempty"`
-}
-
-var _ convert.ConversionFrom = (*OwnerActionsConfig)(nil)
-
-func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) FromDB(bytes []byte) error {
-	_ = json.Unmarshal(bytes, cfg)
-	cfg.TokenPermissionMode, _ = util.EnumValue(cfg.TokenPermissionMode)
-	return nil
-}
-
-// GetOwnerActionsConfig loads the OwnerActionsConfig for a user or organization from user settings
-// It returns a default config if no setting is found
-func GetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx context.Context, userID int64) (ret OwnerActionsConfig, err error) {
-	return user_model.GetUserSettingJSON(ctx, userID, user_model.SettingsKeyActionsConfig, ret)
-}
-
-// SetOwnerActionsConfig saves the OwnerActionsConfig for a user or organization to user settings
-func SetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx context.Context, userID int64, cfg OwnerActionsConfig) error {
-	return user_model.SetUserSettingJSON(ctx, userID, user_model.SettingsKeyActionsConfig, cfg)
-}
-
-// GetDefaultTokenPermissions returns the default token permissions by its TokenPermissionMode.
-func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) GetDefaultTokenPermissions() repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
-	switch cfg.TokenPermissionMode {
-	case repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionModeRestricted:
-		return repo_model.MakeRestrictedPermissions()
-	case repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissionModePermissive:
-		return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeWrite)
-	default:
-		return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeNone)
-	}
-}
-
-// GetMaxTokenPermissions returns the maximum allowed permissions
-func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) GetMaxTokenPermissions() repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
-	if cfg.MaxTokenPermissions != nil {
-		return *cfg.MaxTokenPermissions
-	}
-	// Default max is write for everything
-	return repo_model.MakeActionsTokenPermissions(perm.AccessModeWrite)
-}
-
-// ClampPermissions ensures that the given permissions don't exceed the maximum
-func (cfg *OwnerActionsConfig) ClampPermissions(perms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions) repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions {
-	maxPerms := cfg.GetMaxTokenPermissions()
-	return repo_model.ClampActionsTokenPermissions(perms, maxPerms)
-}
--- a/models/actions/run.go
+++ b/models/actions/run.go
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@ func (run *ActionRun) HTMLURL() string {
 	if run.Repo == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.HTMLURL(), run.ID)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.HTMLURL(), run.Index)
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) Link() string {
 	if run.Repo == nil {
 		return ""
 	}
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.Link(), run.ID)
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions/runs/%d", run.Repo.Link(), run.Index)
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) WorkflowLink() string {
@@ -153,11 +153,7 @@ func (run *ActionRun) LoadRepo(ctx context.Context) error {
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) Duration() time.Duration {
-	d := calculateDuration(run.Started, run.Stopped, run.Status, run.Updated) + run.PreviousDuration
-	if d < 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return d
+	return calculateDuration(run.Started, run.Stopped, run.Status) + run.PreviousDuration
 }

 func (run *ActionRun) GetPushEventPayload() (*api.PushPayload, error) {
@@ -303,7 +299,7 @@ func CancelJobs(ctx context.Context, jobs []*ActionRunJob) ([]*ActionRunJob, err
 		if err := StopTask(ctx, job.TaskID, StatusCancelled); err != nil {
 			return cancelledJobs, err
 		}
-		updatedJob, err := GetRunJobByRunAndID(ctx, job.RunID, job.ID)
+		updatedJob, err := GetRunJobByID(ctx, job.ID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return cancelledJobs, fmt.Errorf("get job: %w", err)
 		}
@@ -326,16 +322,16 @@ func GetRunByRepoAndID(ctx context.Context, repoID, runID int64) (*ActionRun, er
 	return &run, nil
 }

-func GetRunByRepoAndIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID, runIndex int64) (*ActionRun, error) {
+func GetRunByIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID, index int64) (*ActionRun, error) {
 	run := &ActionRun{
 		RepoID: repoID,
-		Index:  runIndex,
+		Index:  index,
 	}
 	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Get(run)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run with repo_id %d and index %d: %w", repoID, runIndex, util.ErrNotExist)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run with index %d %d: %w", repoID, index, util.ErrNotExist)
 	}

 	return run, nil
--- a/models/actions/run_job.go
+++ b/models/actions/run_job.go
@@ -18,11 +18,6 @@ import (
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 )

-// MaxJobNumPerRun is the maximum number of jobs in a single run.
-// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/limits#existing-system-limits
-// TODO: check this limit when creating jobs
-const MaxJobNumPerRun = 256
-
 // ActionRunJob represents a job of a run
 type ActionRunJob struct {
 	ID                int64
@@ -56,11 +51,6 @@ type ActionRunJob struct {
 	ConcurrencyGroup  string `xorm:"index(repo_concurrency) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"` // evaluated concurrency.group
 	ConcurrencyCancel bool   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT FALSE"`                      // evaluated concurrency.cancel-in-progress

-	// TokenPermissions stores the explicit permissions from workflow/job YAML (no org/repo clamps applied).
-	// Org/repo clamps are enforced when the token is used at runtime.
-	// It is JSON-encoded repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions and may be empty if not specified.
-	TokenPermissions *repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
-
 	Started timeutil.TimeStamp
 	Stopped timeutil.TimeStamp
 	Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
@@ -72,7 +62,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 func (job *ActionRunJob) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(job.Started, job.Stopped, job.Status, job.Updated)
+	return calculateDuration(job.Started, job.Stopped, job.Status)
 }

 func (job *ActionRunJob) LoadRun(ctx context.Context) error {
@@ -128,25 +118,13 @@ func (job *ActionRunJob) ParseJob() (*jobparser.Job, error) {
 	return workflowJob, nil
 }

-func GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx context.Context, repoID, jobID int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
+func GetRunJobByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
 	var job ActionRunJob
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=? AND repo_id=?", jobID, repoID).Get(&job)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=?", id).Get(&job)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", jobID, util.ErrNotExist)
-	}
-
-	return &job, nil
-}
-
-func GetRunJobByRunAndID(ctx context.Context, runID, jobID int64) (*ActionRunJob, error) {
-	var job ActionRunJob
-	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("id=? AND run_id=?", jobID, runID).Get(&job)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	} else if !has {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", jobID, util.ErrNotExist)
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("run job with id %d: %w", id, util.ErrNotExist)
 	}

 	return &job, nil
@@ -190,7 +168,7 @@ func UpdateRunJob(ctx context.Context, job *ActionRunJob, cond builder.Cond, col

 	if job.RunID == 0 {
 		var err error
-		if job, err = GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx, job.RepoID, job.ID); err != nil {
+		if job, err = GetRunJobByID(ctx, job.ID); err != nil {
 			return 0, err
 		}
 	}
--- a/models/actions/run_test.go
+++ b/models/actions/run_test.go
@@ -5,12 +5,10 @@ package actions

 import (
 	"testing"
-	"time"

 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"

 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
 )
@@ -35,13 +33,3 @@ func TestUpdateRepoRunsNumbers(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, 5, repo.NumActionRuns)
 	assert.Equal(t, 3, repo.NumClosedActionRuns)
 }
-
-func TestActionRun_Duration_NonNegative(t *testing.T) {
-	run := &ActionRun{
-		Started:          timeutil.TimeStamp(100),
-		Stopped:          timeutil.TimeStamp(200),
-		Status:           StatusSuccess,
-		PreviousDuration: -time.Hour,
-	}
-	assert.Equal(t, time.Duration(0), run.Duration())
-}
--- a/models/actions/runner.go
+++ b/models/actions/runner.go
@@ -62,8 +62,6 @@ type ActionRunner struct {
 	AgentLabels []string `xorm:"TEXT"`
 	// Store if this is a runner that only ever get one single job assigned
 	Ephemeral bool `xorm:"ephemeral NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
-	// Store if this runner is disabled and should not pick up new jobs
-	IsDisabled bool `xorm:"is_disabled NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`

 	Created timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
 	Updated timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
@@ -201,7 +199,6 @@ type FindRunnerOptions struct {
 	Sort          string
 	Filter        string
 	IsOnline      optional.Option[bool]
-	IsDisabled    optional.Option[bool]
 	WithAvailable bool // not only runners belong to, but also runners can be used
 }

@@ -242,10 +239,6 @@ func (opts FindRunnerOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
 			cond = cond.And(builder.Lte{"last_online": time.Now().Add(-RunnerOfflineTime).Unix()})
 		}
 	}
-
-	if opts.IsDisabled.Has() {
-		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_disabled": opts.IsDisabled.Value()})
-	}
 	return cond
 }

@@ -304,20 +297,6 @@ func UpdateRunner(ctx context.Context, r *ActionRunner, cols ...string) error {
 	return err
 }

-func SetRunnerDisabled(ctx context.Context, runner *ActionRunner, isDisabled bool) error {
-	if runner.IsDisabled == isDisabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		runner.IsDisabled = isDisabled
-		if err := UpdateRunner(ctx, runner, "is_disabled"); err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		return IncreaseTaskVersion(ctx, runner.OwnerID, runner.RepoID)
-	})
-}
-
 // DeleteRunner deletes a runner by given ID.
 func DeleteRunner(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
 	if _, err := GetRunnerByID(ctx, id); err != nil {
--- a/models/actions/task.go
+++ b/models/actions/task.go
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ func init() {
 }

 func (task *ActionTask) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(task.Started, task.Stopped, task.Status, task.Updated)
+	return calculateDuration(task.Started, task.Stopped, task.Status)
 }

 func (task *ActionTask) IsStopped() bool {
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func (task *ActionTask) GetRepoLink() string {

 func (task *ActionTask) LoadJob(ctx context.Context) error {
 	if task.Job == nil {
-		job, err := GetRunJobByRepoAndID(ctx, task.RepoID, task.JobID)
+		job, err := GetRunJobByID(ctx, task.JobID)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -388,7 +388,6 @@ func UpdateTaskByState(ctx context.Context, runnerID int64, state *runnerv1.Task
 			}
 			if _, err := UpdateRunJob(ctx, &ActionRunJob{
 				ID:      task.JobID,
-				RepoID:  task.RepoID,
 				Status:  task.Status,
 				Stopped: task.Stopped,
 			}, nil); err != nil {
@@ -450,7 +449,6 @@ func StopTask(ctx context.Context, taskID int64, status Status) error {
 	task.Stopped = now
 	if _, err := UpdateRunJob(ctx, &ActionRunJob{
 		ID:      task.JobID,
-		RepoID:  task.RepoID,
 		Status:  task.Status,
 		Stopped: task.Stopped,
 	}, nil); err != nil {
--- a/models/actions/task_step.go
+++ b/models/actions/task_step.go
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ type ActionTaskStep struct {
 }

 func (step *ActionTaskStep) Duration() time.Duration {
-	return calculateDuration(step.Started, step.Stopped, step.Status, step.Updated)
+	return calculateDuration(step.Started, step.Stopped, step.Status)
 }

 func init() {
--- a/models/actions/token_permissions.go
+++ b/models/actions/token_permissions.go
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package actions
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
-)
-
-// ComputeTaskTokenPermissions computes the effective permissions for a job token against the target repository.
-// It uses the job's stored permissions (if any), then applies org/repo clamps and fork/cross-repo restrictions.
-// Note: target repository access policy checks are enforced in GetActionsUserRepoPermission; this function only computes the job token's effective permission ceiling.
-func ComputeTaskTokenPermissions(ctx context.Context, task *ActionTask, targetRepo *repo_model.Repository) (ret repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions, err error) {
-	if err := task.LoadJob(ctx); err != nil {
-		return ret, err
-	}
-	if err := task.Job.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
-		return ret, err
-	}
-	runRepo := task.Job.Repo
-
-	if err := runRepo.LoadOwner(ctx); err != nil {
-		return ret, err
-	}
-
-	repoActionsCfg := runRepo.MustGetUnit(ctx, unit.TypeActions).ActionsConfig()
-	ownerActionsCfg, err := GetOwnerActionsConfig(ctx, runRepo.OwnerID)
-	if err != nil {
-		return ret, err
-	}
-
-	var jobDeclaredPerms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions
-	if task.Job.TokenPermissions != nil {
-		jobDeclaredPerms = *task.Job.TokenPermissions
-	} else if repoActionsCfg.OverrideOwnerConfig {
-		jobDeclaredPerms = repoActionsCfg.GetDefaultTokenPermissions()
-	} else {
-		jobDeclaredPerms = ownerActionsCfg.GetDefaultTokenPermissions()
-	}
-
-	var effectivePerms repo_model.ActionsTokenPermissions
-	if repoActionsCfg.OverrideOwnerConfig {
-		effectivePerms = repoActionsCfg.ClampPermissions(jobDeclaredPerms)
-	} else {
-		effectivePerms = ownerActionsCfg.ClampPermissions(jobDeclaredPerms)
-	}
-
-	// Cross-repository access and fork pull requests are strictly read-only for security.
-	// This ensures a "task repo" cannot gain write access to other repositories via CrossRepoAccess settings.
-	isSameRepo := task.Job.RepoID == targetRepo.ID
-	restrictCrossRepoAccess := task.IsForkPullRequest || !isSameRepo
-	if restrictCrossRepoAccess {
-		effectivePerms = repo_model.ClampActionsTokenPermissions(effectivePerms, repo_model.MakeRestrictedPermissions())
-	}
-
-	return effectivePerms, nil
-}
--- a/models/actions/utils.go
+++ b/models/actions/utils.go
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	auth_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/auth"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
 )
@@ -73,25 +72,13 @@ func (indexes *LogIndexes) ToDB() ([]byte, error) {

 var timeSince = time.Since

-// calculateDuration computes wall time for a run, job, task, or step. When status is terminal
-// but stopped is missing or inconsistent with started, fallbackEnd (typically the row Updated
-// time) is used so duration still reflects approximate elapsed time instead of 0 or a negative.
-func calculateDuration(started, stopped timeutil.TimeStamp, status Status, fallbackEnd timeutil.TimeStamp) time.Duration {
+func calculateDuration(started, stopped timeutil.TimeStamp, status Status) time.Duration {
 	if started == 0 {
 		return 0
 	}
 	s := started.AsTime()
 	if status.IsDone() {
-		end := stopped
-		if stopped.IsZero() || stopped < started {
-			if !fallbackEnd.IsZero() && fallbackEnd >= started {
-				end = fallbackEnd
-			} else {
-				log.Trace("actions: invalid duration timestamps (started=%d, stopped=%d, fallbackEnd=%d, status=%s)", started, stopped, fallbackEnd, status)
-				return 0
-			}
-		}
-		return end.AsTime().Sub(s)
+		return stopped.AsTime().Sub(s)
 	}
 	return timeSince(s).Truncate(time.Second)
 }
--- a/models/actions/utils_test.go
+++ b/models/actions/utils_test.go
@@ -45,10 +45,9 @@ func Test_calculateDuration(t *testing.T) {
 		return timeutil.TimeStamp(1000).AsTime().Sub(t)
 	}
 	type args struct {
-		started     timeutil.TimeStamp
-		stopped     timeutil.TimeStamp
-		status      Status
-		fallbackEnd timeutil.TimeStamp
+		started timeutil.TimeStamp
+		stopped timeutil.TimeStamp
+		status  Status
 	}
 	tests := []struct {
 		name string
@@ -82,48 +81,10 @@ func Test_calculateDuration(t *testing.T) {
 			},
 			want: 100 * time.Second,
 		},
-		{
-			name: "done_stopped_zero_no_fallback",
-			args: args{
-				started: 500,
-				stopped: 0,
-				status:  StatusSuccess,
-			},
-			want: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "done_stopped_zero_uses_fallback",
-			args: args{
-				started:     500,
-				stopped:     0,
-				status:      StatusSuccess,
-				fallbackEnd: 600,
-			},
-			want: 100 * time.Second,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "done_stopped_before_started_no_fallback",
-			args: args{
-				started: 600,
-				stopped: 550,
-				status:  StatusSuccess,
-			},
-			want: 0,
-		},
-		{
-			name: "done_stopped_before_started_uses_fallback",
-			args: args{
-				started:     600,
-				stopped:     550,
-				status:      StatusSuccess,
-				fallbackEnd: 650,
-			},
-			want: 50 * time.Second,
-		},
 	}
 	for _, tt := range tests {
 		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			assert.Equalf(t, tt.want, calculateDuration(tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status, tt.args.fallbackEnd), "calculateDuration(%v, %v, %v, %v)", tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status, tt.args.fallbackEnd)
+			assert.Equalf(t, tt.want, calculateDuration(tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status), "calculateDuration(%v, %v, %v)", tt.args.started, tt.args.stopped, tt.args.status)
 		})
 	}
 }
--- a/models/activities/notification_list.go
+++ b/models/activities/notification_list.go
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ func createOrUpdateIssueNotifications(ctx context.Context, issueID, commentID, n
 		}
 		toNotify.AddMultiple(issueParticipants...)

-		// don't notify user who cause notification
+		// dont notify user who cause notification
 		delete(toNotify, notificationAuthorID)
 		// explicit unwatch on issue
 		issueUnWatches, err := issues_model.GetIssueWatchersIDs(ctx, issueID, false)
--- a/models/auth/source.go
+++ b/models/auth/source.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"

@@ -140,10 +139,7 @@ func init() {
 // BeforeSet is invoked from XORM before setting the value of a field of this object.
 func (source *Source) BeforeSet(colName string, val xorm.Cell) {
 	if colName == "type" {
-		typ, _, err := db.CellToInt(val, NoType)
-		if err != nil {
-			setting.PanicInDevOrTesting("Unable to convert login source (id=%d) type: %v", source.ID, err)
-		}
+		typ := Type(db.Cell2Int64(val))
 		constructor, ok := registeredConfigs[typ]
 		if !ok {
 			return
--- a/models/auth/source_test.go
+++ b/models/auth/source_test.go
@@ -17,9 +17,13 @@ import (
 )

 type TestSource struct {
-	auth_model.ConfigBase `json:"-"`
+	auth_model.ConfigBase

-	TestField string
+	Provider                      string
+	ClientID                      string
+	ClientSecret                  string
+	OpenIDConnectAutoDiscoveryURL string
+	IconURL                       string
 }

 // FromDB fills up a LDAPConfig from serialized format.
@@ -33,23 +37,27 @@ func (source *TestSource) ToDB() ([]byte, error) {
 }

 func TestDumpAuthSource(t *testing.T) {
-	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())

 	authSourceSchema, err := unittest.GetXORMEngine().TableInfo(new(auth_model.Source))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)

 	auth_model.RegisterTypeConfig(auth_model.OAuth2, new(TestSource))
-	source := &auth_model.Source{
-		Type: auth_model.OAuth2,
-		Name: "TestSource",
-		Cfg:  &TestSource{TestField: "TestValue"},
-	}
-	require.NoError(t, auth_model.CreateSource(t.Context(), source))

-	// intentionally test the "dump" to make sure the dumped JSON is correct: https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/16847
-	sb := &strings.Builder{}
-	require.NoError(t, unittest.GetXORMEngine().DumpTables([]*schemas.Table{authSourceSchema}, sb))
-	// the dumped SQL is something like:
-	// INSERT INTO `login_source` (`id`, `type`, `name`, `is_active`, `is_sync_enabled`, `two_factor_policy`, `cfg`, `created_unix`, `updated_unix`) VALUES (1,6,'TestSource',0,0,'','{"TestField":"TestValue"}',1774179784,1774179784);
-	assert.Contains(t, sb.String(), `'{"TestField":"TestValue"}'`)
+	auth_model.CreateSource(t.Context(), &auth_model.Source{
+		Type:     auth_model.OAuth2,
+		Name:     "TestSource",
+		IsActive: false,
+		Cfg: &TestSource{
+			Provider: "ConvertibleSourceName",
+			ClientID: "42",
+		},
+	})
+
+	sb := new(strings.Builder)
+
+	// TODO: this test is quite hacky, it should use a low-level "select" (without model processors) but not a database dump
+	engine := unittest.GetXORMEngine()
+	require.NoError(t, engine.DumpTables([]*schemas.Table{authSourceSchema}, sb))
+	assert.Contains(t, sb.String(), `"Provider":"ConvertibleSourceName"`)
 }
--- a/models/db/convert.go
+++ b/models/db/convert.go
@@ -5,11 +5,12 @@ package db

 import (
 	"fmt"
+	"strconv"

+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"

 	"xorm.io/xorm"
-	"xorm.io/xorm/convert"
 	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
 )

@@ -73,14 +74,15 @@ WHERE ST.name ='varchar'`)
 	return err
 }

-// CellToInt converts a xorm.Cell field value to an int value
-func CellToInt[T ~int | int64](cell xorm.Cell, def T) (ret T, has bool, err error) {
-	if *cell == nil {
-		return def, false, nil
+// Cell2Int64 converts a xorm.Cell type to int64,
+// and handles possible irregular cases.
+func Cell2Int64(val xorm.Cell) int64 {
+	switch (*val).(type) {
+	case []uint8:
+		log.Trace("Cell2Int64 ([]uint8): %v", *val)
+
+		v, _ := strconv.ParseInt(string((*val).([]uint8)), 10, 64)
+		return v
 	}
-	val, err := convert.AsInt64(*cell)
-	if err != nil {
-		return def, false, err
-	}
-	return T(val), true, err
+	return (*val).(int64)
 }
--- a/models/fixtures/action_artifact.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/action_artifact.yml
@@ -141,39 +141,3 @@
  created_unix: 1730330775
  updated_unix: 1730330775
  expired_unix: 1738106775
-
-
-  id: 26
-  run_id: 792
-  runner_id: 1
-  repo_id: 4
-  owner_id: 1
-  commit_sha: c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0
-  storage_path: "27/5/1730330775594233150.chunk"
-  file_size: 1024
-  file_compressed_size: 1024
-  content_encoding: "application/pdf"
-  artifact_path: "report.pdf"
-  artifact_name: "report.pdf"
-  status: 2
-  created_unix: 1730330775
-  updated_unix: 1730330775
-  expired_unix: 1738106775
-
-
-  id: 27
-  run_id: 792
-  runner_id: 1
-  repo_id: 4
-  owner_id: 1
-  commit_sha: c2d72f548424103f01ee1dc02889c1e2bff816b0
-  storage_path: "27/5/1730330775594233150.chunk"
-  file_size: 1024
-  file_compressed_size: 1024
-  content_encoding: "application/html"
-  artifact_path: "report.html"
-  artifact_name: "report.html"
-  status: 2
-  created_unix: 1730330775
-  updated_unix: 1730330775
-  expired_unix: 1738106775
--- a/models/fixtures/badge.yml
+++ b/models/fixtures/badge.yml
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-
-  id: 1
-  slug: badge1
-  description: just a test badge
-  image_url: badge1.png
--- a/models/git/commit_status_test.go
+++ b/models/git/commit_status_test.go
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func Test_CalcCommitStatus(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			},
 			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
-				State: commitstatus.CommitStatusFailure,
+				State: commitstatus.CommitStatusPending,
 			},
 		},
 		{
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ func TestCommitStatusesHideActionsURL(t *testing.T) {
 	statuses := []*git_model.CommitStatus{
 		{
 			RepoID:    repo.ID,
-			TargetURL: fmt.Sprintf("%s/jobs/%d", run.Link(), run.ID),
+			TargetURL: fmt.Sprintf("%s/jobs/%d", run.Link(), run.Index),
 		},
 		{
 			RepoID:    repo.ID,
--- a/models/git/protected_branch.go
+++ b/models/git/protected_branch.go
@@ -495,9 +495,9 @@ func updateUserWhitelist(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, curre
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserByID [user_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", userID, repo.ID, err)
 		}
-		perm, err := access_model.GetIndividualUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, user)
+		perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, user)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetIndividualUserRepoPermission [user_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", userID, repo.ID, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserRepoPermission [user_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", userID, repo.ID, err)
 		}

 		if !perm.CanWrite(unit.TypeCode) {
--- a/models/issues/comment.go
+++ b/models/issues/comment.go
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ package issues

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"html/template"
 	"slices"
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@ import (
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/htmlutil"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/references"
@@ -328,34 +326,21 @@ type Comment struct {
 	RefIssue   *Issue                 `xorm:"-"`
 	RefComment *Comment               `xorm:"-"`

-	Commits    []*git_model.SignCommitWithStatuses `xorm:"-"`
-	OldCommit  string                              `xorm:"-"`
-	NewCommit  string                              `xorm:"-"`
-	CommitsNum int64                               `xorm:"-"`
-
-	// Templates still use it. It is not persisted in database, it is only set when creating or loading
-	IsForcePush bool `xorm:"-"`
+	Commits     []*git_model.SignCommitWithStatuses `xorm:"-"`
+	OldCommit   string                              `xorm:"-"`
+	NewCommit   string                              `xorm:"-"`
+	CommitsNum  int64                               `xorm:"-"`
+	IsForcePush bool                                `xorm:"-"`
 }

 func init() {
 	db.RegisterModel(new(Comment))
 }

-// PushActionContent is content of pull request's push comment
+// PushActionContent is content of push pull comment
 type PushActionContent struct {
-	IsForcePush bool `json:"is_force_push"`
-	// if IsForcePush=true, CommitIDs contains the commit pair [old head, new head]
-	// if IsForcePush=false, CommitIDs contains the new commits newly pushed to the head branch
-	CommitIDs []string `json:"commit_ids"`
-}
-
-func (c *Comment) GetPushActionContent() (*PushActionContent, error) {
-	if c.Type != CommentTypePullRequestPush {
-		return nil, errors.New("not a pull request push comment")
-	}
-	var data PushActionContent
-	_ = json.Unmarshal(util.UnsafeStringToBytes(c.Content), &data)
-	return &data, nil
+	IsForcePush bool     `json:"is_force_push"`
+	CommitIDs   []string `json:"commit_ids"`
 }

 // LoadIssue loads the issue reference for the comment
--- a/models/issues/issue_label.go
+++ b/models/issues/issue_label.go
@@ -356,7 +356,7 @@ func ClearIssueLabels(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, doer *user_model.User)
 			return err
 		}

-		perm, err := access_model.GetDoerRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, doer)
+		perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, doer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
--- a/models/issues/issue_project.go
+++ b/models/issues/issue_project.go
@@ -64,6 +64,36 @@ func LoadProjectIssueColumnMap(ctx context.Context, projectID, defaultColumnID i
 	return result, nil
 }

+// LoadIssuesFromColumn load issues assigned to this column
+func LoadIssuesFromColumn(ctx context.Context, b *project_model.Column, opts *IssuesOptions) (IssueList, error) {
+	issueList, err := Issues(ctx, opts.Copy(func(o *IssuesOptions) {
+		o.ProjectColumnID = b.ID
+		o.ProjectID = b.ProjectID
+		o.SortType = "project-column-sorting"
+	}))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if b.Default {
+		issues, err := Issues(ctx, opts.Copy(func(o *IssuesOptions) {
+			o.ProjectColumnID = db.NoConditionID
+			o.ProjectID = b.ProjectID
+			o.SortType = "project-column-sorting"
+		}))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		issueList = append(issueList, issues...)
+	}
+
+	if err := issueList.LoadComments(ctx); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return issueList, nil
+}
+
 // IssueAssignOrRemoveProject changes the project associated with an issue
 // If newProjectID is 0, the issue is removed from the project
 func IssueAssignOrRemoveProject(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, doer *user_model.User, newProjectID, newColumnID int64) error {
--- a/models/issues/issue_update.go
+++ b/models/issues/issue_update.go
@@ -665,9 +665,9 @@ func ResolveIssueMentionsByVisibility(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, doer *u
 			continue
 		}
 		// Normal users must have read access to the referencing issue
-		perm, err := access_model.GetIndividualUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, user)
+		perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, user)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetIndividualUserRepoPermission [%d]: %w", user.ID, err)
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserRepoPermission [%d]: %w", user.ID, err)
 		}
 		if !perm.CanReadIssuesOrPulls(issue.IsPull) {
 			continue
--- a/models/issues/issue_xref.go
+++ b/models/issues/issue_xref.go
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ func (issue *Issue) verifyReferencedIssue(stdCtx context.Context, ctx *crossRefe

 	// Check doer permissions; set action to None if the doer can't change the destination
 	if refIssue.RepoID != ctx.OrigIssue.RepoID || ref.Action != references.XRefActionNone {
-		perm, err := access_model.GetDoerRepoPermission(stdCtx, refIssue.Repo, ctx.Doer)
+		perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(stdCtx, refIssue.Repo, ctx.Doer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, references.XRefActionNone, err
 		}
--- a/models/issues/label_test.go
+++ b/models/issues/label_test.go
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ func TestGetLabelsByIssueID(t *testing.T) {
 func TestUpdateLabel(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
 	label := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.Label{ID: 1})
-	// make sure update won't overwrite it
+	// make sure update wont overwrite it
 	update := &issues_model.Label{
 		ID:           label.ID,
 		Color:        "#ffff00",
--- a/models/issues/pull.go
+++ b/models/issues/pull.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"

 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
@@ -23,7 +24,6 @@ import (
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"

-	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
 	"xorm.io/builder"
 )

@@ -861,7 +861,7 @@ func GetCodeOwnersFromContent(ctx context.Context, data string) ([]*CodeOwnerRul
 }

 type CodeOwnerRule struct {
-	Rule     *regexp2.Regexp // it supports negative lookahead, does better for end users
+	Rule     *regexp.Regexp
 	Negative bool
 	Users    []*user_model.User
 	Teams    []*org_model.Team
@@ -877,8 +877,7 @@ func ParseCodeOwnersLine(ctx context.Context, tokens []string) (*CodeOwnerRule,

 	warnings := make([]string, 0)

-	expr := fmt.Sprintf("^%s$", strings.TrimPrefix(tokens[0], "!"))
-	rule.Rule, err = regexp2.Compile(expr, regexp2.None)
+	rule.Rule, err = regexp.Compile(fmt.Sprintf("^%s$", strings.TrimPrefix(tokens[0], "!")))
 	if err != nil {
 		warnings = append(warnings, fmt.Sprintf("incorrect codeowner regexp: %s", err))
 		return nil, warnings
--- a/models/issues/pull_list.go
+++ b/models/issues/pull_list.go
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func CanMaintainerWriteToBranch(ctx context.Context, p access_model.Permission,
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			prPerm, err := access_model.GetIndividualUserRepoPermission(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, user)
+			prPerm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, pr.BaseRepo, user)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
--- a/models/issues/review.go
+++ b/models/issues/review.go
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ func CanMarkConversation(ctx context.Context, issue *Issue, doer *user_model.Use
 		return false, nil
 	}
 	if doer.ID != issue.PosterID {
-		p, err := access_model.GetDoerRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, doer)
+		p, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, doer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return false, err
 		}
--- a/models/migrations/base/db.go
+++ b/models/migrations/base/db.go
@@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ func DropTableColumns(sess *xorm.Session, tableName string, columnNames ...strin
 			cols += "DROP COLUMN `" + col + "` CASCADE"
 		}
 		if _, err := sess.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE `%s` %s", tableName, cols)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("drop table `%s` columns %v: %w", tableName, columnNames, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Drop table `%s` columns %v: %v", tableName, columnNames, err)
 		}
 	case setting.Database.Type.IsMySQL():
 		// Drop indexes on columns first
@@ -430,7 +430,7 @@ func DropTableColumns(sess *xorm.Session, tableName string, columnNames ...strin
 			cols += "DROP COLUMN `" + col + "`"
 		}
 		if _, err := sess.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE `%s` %s", tableName, cols)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("drop table `%s` columns %v: %w", tableName, columnNames, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Drop table `%s` columns %v: %v", tableName, columnNames, err)
 		}
 	case setting.Database.Type.IsMSSQL():
 		cols := ""
@@ -444,27 +444,27 @@ func DropTableColumns(sess *xorm.Session, tableName string, columnNames ...strin
 			tableName, strings.ReplaceAll(cols, "`", "'"))
 		constraints := make([]string, 0)
 		if err := sess.SQL(sql).Find(&constraints); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("find constraints: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Find constraints: %v", err)
 		}
 		for _, constraint := range constraints {
 			if _, err := sess.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE `%s` DROP CONSTRAINT `%s`", tableName, constraint)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("drop table `%s` default constraint `%s`: %w", tableName, constraint, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Drop table `%s` default constraint `%s`: %v", tableName, constraint, err)
 			}
 		}
 		sql = fmt.Sprintf("SELECT DISTINCT Name FROM sys.indexes INNER JOIN sys.index_columns ON indexes.index_id = index_columns.index_id AND indexes.object_id = index_columns.object_id WHERE indexes.object_id = OBJECT_ID('%[1]s') AND index_columns.column_id IN (SELECT column_id FROM sys.columns WHERE LOWER(name) IN (%[2]s) AND object_id = OBJECT_ID('%[1]s'))",
 			tableName, strings.ReplaceAll(cols, "`", "'"))
 		constraints = make([]string, 0)
 		if err := sess.SQL(sql).Find(&constraints); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("find constraints: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Find constraints: %v", err)
 		}
 		for _, constraint := range constraints {
 			if _, err := sess.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("DROP INDEX `%[2]s` ON `%[1]s`", tableName, constraint)); err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("drop index `%[2]s` on `%[1]s`: %[3]w", tableName, constraint, err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("Drop index `%[2]s` on `%[1]s`: %v", tableName, constraint, err)
 			}
 		}

 		if _, err := sess.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("ALTER TABLE `%s` DROP COLUMN %s", tableName, cols)); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("drop table `%s` columns %v: %w", tableName, columnNames, err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("Drop table `%s` columns %v: %v", tableName, columnNames, err)
 		}
 	default:
 		log.Fatal("Unrecognized DB")
--- a/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/action_run.yml
+++ b/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/action_run.yml
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-# type ActionRun struct {
-#   ID           int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-#   RepoID       int64 `xorm:"index"`
-#   Index        int64
-#   CommitSHA    string `xorm:"commit_sha"`
-#   Event        string
-#   TriggerEvent string
-#   EventPayload string `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
-# }
-
-  id: 990
-  repo_id: 100
-  index: 7
-  commit_sha: merge-sha
-  event: pull_request
-  event_payload: '{"pull_request":{"head":{"sha":"sha-shared"}}}'
-
-  id: 991
-  repo_id: 100
-  index: 8
-  commit_sha: sha-shared
-  event: push
-  event_payload: '{"head_commit":{"id":"sha-shared"}}'
-
-  id: 1991
-  repo_id: 100
-  index: 9
-  commit_sha: sha-other
-  event: release
--- a/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/action_run_job.yml
+++ b/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/action_run_job.yml
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-# type ActionRunJob struct {
-#   ID    int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-#   RunID int64 `xorm:"index"`
-# }
-
-  id: 997
-  run_id: 990
-
-  id: 998
-  run_id: 990
-
-  id: 1997
-  run_id: 991
-
-  id: 1998
-  run_id: 1991
--- a/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/commit_status.yml
+++ b/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/commit_status.yml
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-# type CommitStatus struct {
-#   ID        int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-#   RepoID    int64 `xorm:"index"`
-#   SHA       string
-#   TargetURL string
-# }
-
-  id: 10010
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/7/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10011
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/7/jobs/1
-
-  id: 10012
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/8/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10013
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-other
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/9/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10014
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /otheruser/badrepo/actions/runs/7/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10015
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/10/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10016
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/7/jobs/3
-
-  id: 10017
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: https://ci.example.com/build/123
-
-  id: 10018
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/990/jobs/997
--- a/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/commit_status_summary.yml
+++ b/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/commit_status_summary.yml
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-# type CommitStatusSummary struct {
-#   ID        int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-#   RepoID    int64  `xorm:"index"`
-#   SHA       string `xorm:"VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL"`
-#   State     string `xorm:"VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL"`
-#   TargetURL string
-# }
-
-  id: 10020
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-shared
-  state: pending
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/7/jobs/0
-
-  id: 10021
-  repo_id: 100
-  sha: sha-other
-  state: pending
-  target_url: /testuser/repo1/actions/runs/9/jobs/0
--- a/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/repository.yml
+++ b/models/migrations/fixtures/Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID/repository.yml
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-# type Repository struct {
-#   ID        int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-#   OwnerName string
-#   Name      string
-# }
-
-  id: 100
-  owner_name: testuser
-  name: repo1
--- a/models/migrations/migrations.go
+++ b/models/migrations/migrations.go
@@ -400,11 +400,6 @@ func prepareMigrationTasks() []*migration {
 		newMigration(323, "Add support for actions concurrency", v1_26.AddActionsConcurrency),
 		newMigration(324, "Fix closed milestone completeness for milestones with no issues", v1_26.FixClosedMilestoneCompleteness),
 		newMigration(325, "Fix missed repo_id when migrate attachments", v1_26.FixMissedRepoIDWhenMigrateAttachments),
-		newMigration(326, "Partially migrate commit status target URL to use run ID and job ID", v1_26.FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID),
-		newMigration(327, "Add disabled state to action runners", v1_26.AddDisabledToActionRunner),
-		newMigration(328, "Add TokenPermissions column to ActionRunJob", v1_26.AddTokenPermissionsToActionRunJob),
-		newMigration(329, "Add unique constraint for user badge", v1_26.AddUniqueIndexForUserBadge),
-		newMigration(330, "Add name column to webhook", v1_26.AddNameToWebhook),
 	}
 	return preparedMigrations
 }
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v326.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v326.go
@@ -1,315 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"errors"
-	"fmt"
-	"net/url"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
-	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
-	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
-
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-)
-
-const (
-	actionsRunPath = "/actions/runs/"
-
-	// Only commit status target URLs whose resolved run ID is smaller than this threshold are rewritten by this partial migration.
-	// The fixed value 1000 is a conservative cutoff chosen to cover the smaller legacy run indexes that are most likely to be confused with ID-based URLs at runtime.
-	// Larger legacy {run} or {job} numbers are usually easier to disambiguate. For example:
-	//   * /actions/runs/1200/jobs/1420 is most likely an ID-based URL, because a run should not contain more than 256 jobs.
-	//   * /actions/runs/1500/jobs/3 is most likely an index-based URL, because a job ID cannot be smaller than its run ID.
-	// But URLs with small numbers, such as /actions/runs/5/jobs/6, are much harder to distinguish reliably.
-	// This migration therefore prioritizes rewriting target URLs for runs in that lower range.
-	legacyURLIDThreshold int64 = 1000
-)
-
-type migrationRepository struct {
-	ID        int64
-	OwnerName string
-	Name      string
-}
-
-type migrationActionRun struct {
-	ID           int64
-	RepoID       int64
-	Index        int64
-	CommitSHA    string `xorm:"commit_sha"`
-	Event        webhook_module.HookEventType
-	TriggerEvent string
-	EventPayload string
-}
-
-type migrationActionRunJob struct {
-	ID    int64
-	RunID int64
-}
-
-type migrationCommitStatus struct {
-	ID        int64
-	RepoID    int64
-	TargetURL string
-}
-
-type commitSHAAndRuns struct {
-	commitSHA string
-	runs      map[int64]*migrationActionRun
-}
-
-// FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID partially migrates legacy Actions
-// commit status target URLs to the new run/job ID-based form.
-//
-// Only rows whose resolved run ID is below legacyURLIDThreshold are rewritten.
-// This is because smaller legacy run indexes are more likely to collide with run ID URLs during runtime resolution,
-// so this migration prioritizes that lower range and leaves the remaining legacy target URLs to the web compatibility logic.
-func FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID(x *xorm.Engine) error {
-	jobsByRunIDCache := make(map[int64][]int64)
-	repoLinkCache := make(map[int64]string)
-	groups, err := loadLegacyMigrationRunGroups(x)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	for repoID, groupsBySHA := range groups {
-		for _, group := range groupsBySHA {
-			if err := migrateCommitStatusTargetURLForGroup(x, "commit_status", repoID, group.commitSHA, group.runs, jobsByRunIDCache, repoLinkCache); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if err := migrateCommitStatusTargetURLForGroup(x, "commit_status_summary", repoID, group.commitSHA, group.runs, jobsByRunIDCache, repoLinkCache); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func loadLegacyMigrationRunGroups(x *xorm.Engine) (map[int64]map[string]*commitSHAAndRuns, error) {
-	var runs []migrationActionRun
-	if err := x.Table("action_run").
-		Where("id < ?", legacyURLIDThreshold).
-		Cols("id", "repo_id", "`index`", "commit_sha", "event", "trigger_event", "event_payload").
-		Find(&runs); err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("query action_run: %w", err)
-	}
-
-	groups := make(map[int64]map[string]*commitSHAAndRuns)
-	for i := range runs {
-		run := runs[i]
-		commitID, err := getCommitStatusCommitID(&run)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warn("skip action_run id=%d when resolving commit status commit SHA: %v", run.ID, err)
-			continue
-		}
-		if commitID == "" {
-			// empty commitID means the run didn't create any commit status records, just skip
-			continue
-		}
-		if groups[run.RepoID] == nil {
-			groups[run.RepoID] = make(map[string]*commitSHAAndRuns)
-		}
-		if groups[run.RepoID][commitID] == nil {
-			groups[run.RepoID][commitID] = &commitSHAAndRuns{
-				commitSHA: commitID,
-				runs:      make(map[int64]*migrationActionRun),
-			}
-		}
-		groups[run.RepoID][commitID].runs[run.Index] = &run
-	}
-	return groups, nil
-}
-
-func migrateCommitStatusTargetURLForGroup(
-	x *xorm.Engine,
-	table string,
-	repoID int64,
-	sha string,
-	runs map[int64]*migrationActionRun,
-	jobsByRunIDCache map[int64][]int64,
-	repoLinkCache map[int64]string,
-) error {
-	var rows []migrationCommitStatus
-	if err := x.Table(table).
-		Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).
-		And("sha = ?", sha).
-		Cols("id", "repo_id", "target_url").
-		Find(&rows); err != nil {
-		return fmt.Errorf("query %s for repo_id=%d sha=%s: %w", table, repoID, sha, err)
-	}
-
-	for _, row := range rows {
-		repoLink, err := getRepoLinkCached(x, repoLinkCache, row.RepoID)
-		if err != nil || repoLink == "" {
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn("convert %s id=%d getRepoLinkCached: %v", table, row.ID, err)
-			} else {
-				log.Warn("convert %s id=%d: repo=%d not found", table, row.ID, row.RepoID)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		runNum, jobNum, ok := parseTargetURL(row.TargetURL, repoLink)
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		run, ok := runs[runNum]
-		if !ok {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		jobID, ok, err := getJobIDByIndexCached(x, jobsByRunIDCache, run.ID, jobNum)
-		if err != nil || !ok {
-			if err != nil {
-				log.Warn("convert %s id=%d getJobIDByIndexCached: %v", table, row.ID, err)
-			} else {
-				log.Warn("convert %s id=%d: job not found for run_id=%d job_index=%d", table, row.ID, run.ID, jobNum)
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-
-		oldURL := row.TargetURL
-		newURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s%d/jobs/%d", repoLink, actionsRunPath, run.ID, jobID)
-		if oldURL == newURL {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if _, err := x.Table(table).ID(row.ID).Cols("target_url").Update(&migrationCommitStatus{TargetURL: newURL}); err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("update %s id=%d target_url from %s to %s: %w", table, row.ID, oldURL, newURL, err)
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func getRepoLinkCached(x *xorm.Engine, cache map[int64]string, repoID int64) (string, error) {
-	if link, ok := cache[repoID]; ok {
-		return link, nil
-	}
-	repo := &migrationRepository{}
-	has, err := x.Table("repository").Where("id=?", repoID).Get(repo)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	if !has {
-		cache[repoID] = ""
-		return "", nil
-	}
-	link := setting.AppSubURL + "/" + url.PathEscape(repo.OwnerName) + "/" + url.PathEscape(repo.Name)
-	cache[repoID] = link
-	return link, nil
-}
-
-func getJobIDByIndexCached(x *xorm.Engine, cache map[int64][]int64, runID, jobIndex int64) (int64, bool, error) {
-	jobIDs, ok := cache[runID]
-	if !ok {
-		var jobs []migrationActionRunJob
-		if err := x.Table("action_run_job").Where("run_id=?", runID).Asc("id").Cols("id").Find(&jobs); err != nil {
-			return 0, false, err
-		}
-		jobIDs = make([]int64, 0, len(jobs))
-		for _, job := range jobs {
-			jobIDs = append(jobIDs, job.ID)
-		}
-		cache[runID] = jobIDs
-	}
-	if jobIndex < 0 || jobIndex >= int64(len(jobIDs)) {
-		return 0, false, nil
-	}
-	return jobIDs[jobIndex], true, nil
-}
-
-func parseTargetURL(targetURL, repoLink string) (runNum, jobNum int64, ok bool) {
-	prefix := repoLink + actionsRunPath
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(targetURL, prefix) {
-		return 0, 0, false
-	}
-	rest := targetURL[len(prefix):]
-
-	parts := strings.Split(rest, "/")
-	if len(parts) == 3 && parts[1] == "jobs" {
-		runNum, err1 := strconv.ParseInt(parts[0], 10, 64)
-		jobNum, err2 := strconv.ParseInt(parts[2], 10, 64)
-		if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {
-			return 0, 0, false
-		}
-		return runNum, jobNum, true
-	}
-
-	return 0, 0, false
-}
-
-func getCommitStatusCommitID(run *migrationActionRun) (string, error) {
-	switch run.Event {
-	case webhook_module.HookEventPush:
-		payload, err := getPushEventPayload(run)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("getPushEventPayload: %w", err)
-		}
-		if payload.HeadCommit == nil {
-			return "", errors.New("head commit is missing in event payload")
-		}
-		return payload.HeadCommit.ID, nil
-	case webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestAssign,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestLabel,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewRequest,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestMilestone:
-		payload, err := getPullRequestEventPayload(run)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("getPullRequestEventPayload: %w", err)
-		}
-		if payload.PullRequest == nil {
-			return "", errors.New("pull request is missing in event payload")
-		} else if payload.PullRequest.Head == nil {
-			return "", errors.New("head of pull request is missing in event payload")
-		}
-		return payload.PullRequest.Head.Sha, nil
-	case webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewApproved,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewRejected,
-		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewComment:
-		payload, err := getPullRequestEventPayload(run)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", fmt.Errorf("getPullRequestEventPayload: %w", err)
-		}
-		if payload.PullRequest == nil {
-			return "", errors.New("pull request is missing in event payload")
-		} else if payload.PullRequest.Head == nil {
-			return "", errors.New("head of pull request is missing in event payload")
-		}
-		return payload.PullRequest.Head.Sha, nil
-	case webhook_module.HookEventRelease:
-		return run.CommitSHA, nil
-	default:
-		return "", nil
-	}
-}
-
-func getPushEventPayload(run *migrationActionRun) (*api.PushPayload, error) {
-	if run.Event != webhook_module.HookEventPush {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("event %s is not a push event", run.Event)
-	}
-	var payload api.PushPayload
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(run.EventPayload), &payload); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &payload, nil
-}
-
-func getPullRequestEventPayload(run *migrationActionRun) (*api.PullRequestPayload, error) {
-	if !run.Event.IsPullRequest() && !run.Event.IsPullRequestReview() {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("event %s is not a pull request event", run.Event)
-	}
-	var payload api.PullRequestPayload
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(run.EventPayload), &payload); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &payload, nil
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v326_test.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v326_test.go
@@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/base"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
-
-	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
-	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
-	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-)
-
-func Test_FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID(t *testing.T) {
-	defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.AppSubURL, "")()
-
-	type Repository struct {
-		ID        int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		OwnerName string
-		Name      string
-	}
-
-	type ActionRun struct {
-		ID           int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		RepoID       int64 `xorm:"index"`
-		Index        int64
-		CommitSHA    string `xorm:"commit_sha"`
-		Event        string
-		TriggerEvent string
-		EventPayload string `xorm:"LONGTEXT"`
-	}
-
-	type ActionRunJob struct {
-		ID    int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		RunID int64 `xorm:"index"`
-	}
-
-	type CommitStatus struct {
-		ID        int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		RepoID    int64 `xorm:"index"`
-		SHA       string
-		TargetURL string
-	}
-
-	type CommitStatusSummary struct {
-		ID        int64  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		RepoID    int64  `xorm:"index"`
-		SHA       string `xorm:"VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL"`
-		State     string `xorm:"VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL"`
-		TargetURL string
-	}
-
-	x, deferable := base.PrepareTestEnv(t, 0,
-		new(Repository),
-		new(ActionRun),
-		new(ActionRunJob),
-		new(CommitStatus),
-		new(CommitStatusSummary),
-	)
-	defer deferable()
-
-	require.NoError(t, FixCommitStatusTargetURLToUseRunAndJobID(x))
-
-	cases := []struct {
-		table string
-		id    int64
-		want  string
-	}{
-		// Legacy URLs for runs whose resolved run IDs are below the threshold should be rewritten.
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10010, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/990/jobs/997"},
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10011, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/990/jobs/998"},
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10012, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/991/jobs/1997"},
-
-		// Runs whose resolved IDs are above the threshold are intentionally left unchanged.
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10013, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/9/jobs/0"},
-
-		// URLs that do not resolve cleanly as legacy Actions URLs should remain untouched.
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10014, want: "/otheruser/badrepo/actions/runs/7/jobs/0"},
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10015, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/10/jobs/0"},
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10016, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/7/jobs/3"},
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10017, want: "https://ci.example.com/build/123"},
-
-		// Already ID-based URLs are valid inputs and should not be rewritten again.
-		{table: "commit_status", id: 10018, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/990/jobs/997"},
-
-		// The same rewrite rules apply to commit_status_summary rows.
-		{table: "commit_status_summary", id: 10020, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/990/jobs/997"},
-		{table: "commit_status_summary", id: 10021, want: "/testuser/repo1/actions/runs/9/jobs/0"},
-	}
-
-	for _, tc := range cases {
-		assertTargetURL(t, x, tc.table, tc.id, tc.want)
-	}
-}
-
-func assertTargetURL(t *testing.T, x *xorm.Engine, table string, id int64, want string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	var row struct {
-		TargetURL string
-	}
-	has, err := x.Table(table).Where("id=?", id).Cols("target_url").Get(&row)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.Truef(t, has, "row not found: table=%s id=%d", table, id)
-	require.Equal(t, want, row.TargetURL)
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v327.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v327.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import "xorm.io/xorm"
-
-func AddDisabledToActionRunner(x *xorm.Engine) error {
-	type ActionRunner struct {
-		IsDisabled bool `xorm:"is_disabled NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
-	}
-
-	_, err := x.SyncWithOptions(xorm.SyncOptions{
-		IgnoreDropIndices: true,
-	}, new(ActionRunner))
-	return err
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v327_test.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v327_test.go
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/base"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func Test_AddDisabledToActionRunner(t *testing.T) {
-	type ActionRunner struct {
-		ID   int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-		Name string
-	}
-
-	x, deferable := base.PrepareTestEnv(t, 0, new(ActionRunner))
-	defer deferable()
-
-	_, err := x.Insert(&ActionRunner{Name: "runner"})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	require.NoError(t, AddDisabledToActionRunner(x))
-
-	var isDisabled bool
-	has, err := x.SQL("SELECT is_disabled FROM action_runner WHERE id = ?", 1).Get(&isDisabled)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.True(t, has)
-	require.False(t, isDisabled)
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v328.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v328.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-)
-
-func AddTokenPermissionsToActionRunJob(x *xorm.Engine) error {
-	type ActionRunJob struct {
-		TokenPermissions string `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
-	}
-	_, err := x.SyncWithOptions(xorm.SyncOptions{IgnoreDropIndices: true}, new(ActionRunJob))
-	return err
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v329.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v329.go
@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-	"xorm.io/xorm/schemas"
-)
-
-type UserBadge struct { //revive:disable-line:exported
-	ID      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	BadgeID int64
-	UserID  int64
-}
-
-// TableIndices implements xorm's TableIndices interface
-func (n *UserBadge) TableIndices() []*schemas.Index {
-	indices := make([]*schemas.Index, 0, 1)
-	ubUnique := schemas.NewIndex("unique_user_badge", schemas.UniqueType)
-	ubUnique.AddColumn("user_id", "badge_id")
-	indices = append(indices, ubUnique)
-	return indices
-}
-
-// AddUniqueIndexForUserBadge adds a compound unique indexes for user badge table
-// and it replaces an old index on user_id
-func AddUniqueIndexForUserBadge(x *xorm.Engine) error {
-	// remove possible duplicated records in table user_badge
-	type result struct {
-		UserID  int64
-		BadgeID int64
-		Cnt     int
-	}
-	var results []result
-	if err := x.Select("user_id, badge_id, count(*) as cnt").
-		Table("user_badge").
-		GroupBy("user_id, badge_id").
-		Having("count(*) > 1").
-		Find(&results); err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	for _, r := range results {
-		if x.Dialect().URI().DBType == schemas.MSSQL {
-			if _, err := x.Exec(fmt.Sprintf("delete from user_badge where id in (SELECT top %d id FROM user_badge WHERE user_id = ? and badge_id = ?)", r.Cnt-1), r.UserID, r.BadgeID); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		} else {
-			var ids []int64
-			if err := x.SQL("SELECT id FROM user_badge WHERE user_id = ? and badge_id = ? limit ?", r.UserID, r.BadgeID, r.Cnt-1).Find(&ids); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if _, err := x.Table("user_badge").In("id", ids).Delete(); err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return x.Sync(new(UserBadge))
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v329_test.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v329_test.go
@@ -1,85 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"testing"
-
-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/migrations/base"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
-)
-
-type UserBadgeBefore struct {
-	ID      int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
-	BadgeID int64
-	UserID  int64 `xorm:"INDEX"`
-}
-
-func (UserBadgeBefore) TableName() string {
-	return "user_badge"
-}
-
-func Test_AddUniqueIndexForUserBadge(t *testing.T) {
-	x, deferable := base.PrepareTestEnv(t, 0, new(UserBadgeBefore))
-	defer deferable()
-	if x == nil || t.Failed() {
-		return
-	}
-
-	testData := []*UserBadgeBefore{
-		{UserID: 1, BadgeID: 1},
-		{UserID: 1, BadgeID: 1}, // duplicate
-		{UserID: 2, BadgeID: 1},
-		{UserID: 1, BadgeID: 2},
-		{UserID: 3, BadgeID: 3},
-		{UserID: 3, BadgeID: 3}, // duplicate
-	}
-
-	for _, data := range testData {
-		_, err := x.Insert(data)
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-	}
-
-	// check that we have duplicates
-	count, err := x.Where("user_id = ? AND badge_id = ?", 1, 1).Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), count)
-
-	count, err = x.Where("user_id = ? AND badge_id = ?", 3, 3).Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(2), count)
-
-	totalCount, err := x.Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(6), totalCount)
-
-	// run the migration
-	if err := AddUniqueIndexForUserBadge(x); err != nil {
-		assert.NoError(t, err)
-		return
-	}
-
-	// verify the duplicates were removed
-	count, err = x.Where("user_id = ? AND badge_id = ?", 1, 1).Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), count)
-
-	count, err = x.Where("user_id = ? AND badge_id = ?", 3, 3).Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), count)
-
-	// check total count
-	totalCount, err = x.Count(&UserBadgeBefore{})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-	assert.Equal(t, int64(4), totalCount)
-
-	// fail to insert a duplicate
-	_, err = x.Insert(&UserBadge{UserID: 1, BadgeID: 1})
-	assert.Error(t, err)
-
-	// succeed adding a non-duplicate
-	_, err = x.Insert(&UserBadge{UserID: 4, BadgeID: 1})
-	assert.NoError(t, err)
-}
--- a/models/migrations/v1_26/v330.go
+++ b/models/migrations/v1_26/v330.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-// Copyright 2026 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-package v1_26
-
-import (
-	"xorm.io/xorm"
-)
-
-func AddNameToWebhook(x *xorm.Engine) error {
-	type Webhook struct {
-		Name string `xorm:"VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL DEFAULT ''"`
-	}
-	_, err := x.SyncWithOptions(xorm.SyncOptions{IgnoreDropIndices: true}, new(Webhook))
-	return err
-}
--- a/models/packages/descriptor.go
+++ b/models/packages/descriptor.go
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"net/url"

-	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
 	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
 	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
 	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/cache"
@@ -54,11 +53,8 @@ func (l PackagePropertyList) GetByName(name string) string {

 // PackageDescriptor describes a package
 type PackageDescriptor struct {
-	// basic package info
-	Package *Package
-	Owner   *user_model.User
-
-	// package version info
+	Package           *Package
+	Owner             *user_model.User
 	Repository        *repo_model.Repository
 	Version           *PackageVersion
 	SemVer            *version.Version
@@ -81,11 +77,6 @@ func (pd *PackageDescriptor) PackageWebLink() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/-/packages/%s/%s", pd.Owner.HomeLink(), string(pd.Package.Type), url.PathEscape(pd.Package.LowerName))
 }

-// PackageSettingsLink returns the relative package settings link
-func (pd *PackageDescriptor) PackageSettingsLink() string {
-	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/-/packages/settings/%s/%s", pd.Owner.HomeLink(), string(pd.Package.Type), url.PathEscape(pd.Package.LowerName))
-}
-
 // VersionWebLink returns the relative package version web link
 func (pd *PackageDescriptor) VersionWebLink() string {
 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", pd.PackageWebLink(), url.PathEscape(pd.Version.LowerVersion))
@@ -212,8 +203,6 @@ func GetPackageDescriptorWithCache(ctx context.Context, pv *PackageVersion, c *c
 		metadata = &rubygems.Metadata{}
 	case TypeSwift:
 		metadata = &swift.Metadata{}
-	case TypeTerraformState:
-		// terraform packages have no metadata
 	case TypeVagrant:
 		metadata = &vagrant.Metadata{}
 	default:
@@ -278,15 +267,6 @@ func GetPackageDescriptors(ctx context.Context, pvs []*PackageVersion) ([]*Packa
 	return getPackageDescriptors(ctx, pvs, cache.NewEphemeralCache())
 }

-// GetAllPackageDescriptors gets all package descriptors for a package
-func GetAllPackageDescriptors(ctx context.Context, p *Package) ([]*PackageDescriptor, error) {
-	pvs := make([]*PackageVersion, 0, 10)
-	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("package_id = ?", p.ID).Find(&pvs); err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return getPackageDescriptors(ctx, pvs, cache.NewEphemeralCache())
-}
-
 func getPackageDescriptors(ctx context.Context, pvs []*PackageVersion, c *cache.EphemeralCache) ([]*PackageDescriptor, error) {
 	pds := make([]*PackageDescriptor, 0, len(pvs))
 	for _, pv := range pvs {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More