feat(api): mark nvim_create_autocmd as api-fast #40836

Problem:
nvim_create_autocmd() isn't |api-fast|, so modules that create autocmds
(e.g. vim.treesitter.query) can't be require()d in a fast event context.

Solution:
Mark it |api-fast|. Compile autocmd patterns with RE_NOBREAK so
aucmd_next() won't os_breakcheck() mid-iteration, where a fast
nvim_create_autocmd() could realloc the autocmds vector and dangle the
caller's AutoPat/AutoCmd.

RE_NOBREAK is low-risk because:
- aucmd_next()'s loop checks CTRL-C: `(for (… i < apc->ausize && !got_int; …)`.
- `line_breakcheck()` (`autocmd.c:1912`) runs once per matched autocmd.
- Each autocmd _execution_ runs through `do_cmdline`, which has its own
  breakchecks.

However this does admit risk of a pathological case:
a catastrophic-backtracking glob matched against a very long `User`
event-pattern.

Co-authored-by: Riley Bruins <ribru17@hotmail.com>
Co-authored-by: zeertzjq <zeertzjq@outlook.com>

runtime/doc/api.txt

@@ -2159,6 +2159,7 @@ nvim_create_autocmd({event}, {opts})                   *nvim_create_autocmd()*
 <
 
     Attributes: ~
+        |api-fast|
         Since: 0.7.0
 
     Parameters: ~

runtime/doc/news.txt

@@ -179,6 +179,8 @@ API
 • |nvim_set_option_value()| accepts a new `operation` field to modify the
   existing option value.
 • |nvim_set_option_value()| returns the new option value.
+• |nvim_create_autocmd()| is now |api-fast|, so it can be called from a fast
+  event context (e.g. |vim.uv| callbacks).
 
 BUILD
 

src/nvim/api/autocmd.c

@@ -391,6 +391,7 @@ cleanup:
 Integer nvim_create_autocmd(uint64_t channel_id, Object event, Dict(create_autocmd) *opts,
                             Arena *arena, Error *err)
   FUNC_API_SINCE(9)
+  FUNC_API_FAST
 {
   int64_t autocmd_id = -1;
   char *desc = NULL;

src/nvim/autocmd.c

@@ -1022,7 +1022,8 @@ int autocmd_register(int64_t id, event_T event, const char *pat, int patlen, int
       ap->buflocal_nr = 0;
       char *reg_pat = file_pat_to_reg_pat(pat, pat + patlen, &ap->allow_dirs, true);
       if (reg_pat != NULL) {
-        ap->reg_prog = vim_regcomp(reg_pat, RE_MAGIC);
+        // RE_NOBREAK: autocmd-pattern matching (aucmd_next()) must not os_breakcheck(). #35071
+        ap->reg_prog = vim_regcomp(reg_pat, RE_MAGIC | RE_NOBREAK);
       }
       xfree(reg_pat);
       if (reg_pat == NULL || ap->reg_prog == NULL) {

test/functional/api/fast_spec.lua

@@ -24,7 +24,11 @@ describe('|api-fast| functions', function()
             keycode = vim.keycode('<C-a>'),
             keytrans = vim.fn.keytrans(vim.keycode('<C-Home>')),
             nr2char = vim.fn.nr2char(65),
-            replace_termcodes = vim.api.nvim_replace_termcodes('<Esc>', true, true, true),
+            nvim_create_autocmd = vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('User', {
+              pattern = 'Fast',
+              callback = function() end,
+            }) > 0,
+            nvim_replace_termcodes = vim.api.nvim_replace_termcodes('<Esc>', true, true, true),
             str2list = vim.fn.str2list('AB'),
             strcharlen = vim.fn.strcharlen('abc'),
             strcharpart = vim.fn.strcharpart('héllo', 1, 2),
@@ -53,7 +57,8 @@ describe('|api-fast| functions', function()
       keycode = '\1', -- <C-a>
       keytrans = '<C-Home>',
       nr2char = 'A',
-      replace_termcodes = '\27', -- <Esc>
+      nvim_create_autocmd = true,
+      nvim_replace_termcodes = '\27', -- <Esc>
       str2list = { 65, 66 },
       strcharlen = 3,
       strcharpart = 'él',
@@ -87,6 +92,9 @@ describe('|api-fast| functions', function()
       -- for `veryfast_breakcheck`). Small input could pass (false negative).
       local big = ('héllo wörld '):rep(100000) -- 1.2M chars.
 
+      local aupat = ('a'):rep(80000) -- Must stay under the "E339: Pattern too long" limit.
+      vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('User', { pattern = aupat, callback = function() end })
+
       local cases = {
         byteidx = function()
           vim.fn.byteidx(big, 500000)
@@ -106,7 +114,10 @@ describe('|api-fast| functions', function()
         nr2char = function()
           vim.fn.nr2char(65)
         end,
-        replace_termcodes = function()
+        nvim_create_autocmd = function()
+          vim.api.nvim_exec_autocmds('User', { pattern = aupat })
+        end,
+        nvim_replace_termcodes = function()
           vim.api.nvim_replace_termcodes('<Esc>', true, true, true)
         end,
         str2list = function()