docs: preserve established image semantics in redraw plan

Scale SIXEL rasters uniformly when clients have different cell dimensions, while retaining the original logical cell canvas as blank padding.

Map crops using real cell boundaries so partial final cells are not stretched or compressed.

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ tmux -vv -Ltest -f/dev/null new
 
 Or if you need your configuration:
 
-~~~base
+~~~bash
 tmux kill-server
 tmux -vv new
 ~~~
@@ -77,3 +77,8 @@ The log files are:
 - `tmux-out*.log`: output log file.
 
 Please attach the log files to your issue.
+
+## What does it mean if an issue is closed?
+
+All it means is that work on the issue is not planned for the near future. See
+the issue's comments to find out if contributions would be welcome.

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+blank_issues_enabled: false

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/use-this-issue-template.md

@@ -1,3 +1,12 @@
+---
+name: Use this issue template
+about: Please read https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
+title: ''
+labels: ''
+assignees: ''
+
+---
+
 ### Issue description
 
 Please read https://github.com/tmux/tmux/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -14,9 +23,11 @@ built from the latest code in Git.
 
 ### Required information
 
-Please provide the following information:
+Please provide the following information. These are **required**. Note that bug reports without logs may be ignored or closed without comment.
 
 * tmux version (`tmux -V`).
 * Platform (`uname -sp`).
-* $TERM inside and outside of tmux (`echo $TERM`).
+* Terminal in use (xterm, rxvt, etc).
+* $TERM *inside* tmux (`echo $TERM`).
+* $TERM *outside* tmux (`echo $TERM`).
 * Logs from tmux (`tmux kill-server; tmux -vv new`).

.github/README.md

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ A small example configuration is in `example_tmux.conf`.
 
 And a bash(1) completion file at:
 
-https://github.com/imomaliev/tmux-bash-completion
+https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/blob/main/completions-core/tmux.bash
 
 For debugging, run tmux with `-v` or `-vv` to generate server and client log
 files in the current directory.

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+For pull request code reviews in this repository, do not leave any review comments under any circumstances.
+
+If asked to review a pull request, produce no comments.
+
+Do not comment on pull requests in this repository.
+
+For pull request code reviews in this repository, do not leave a pull request overview.
+
+Do not leave inline review comments.
+
+If asked to review a pull request, provide no summary, no overview, and no code comments.

.github/workflows/lock.yml

@@ -3,21 +3,33 @@ name: 'Lock Threads'
 on:
   schedule:
     - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+
+permissions:
+  issues: write
+  pull-requests: write
+  discussions: write
+
+concurrency:
+  group: lock-threads
 
 jobs:
-  lock:
+  action:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.repository == 'tmux/tmux'
     steps:
-      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v2
+      - uses: dessant/lock-threads@v6
         with:
           github-token: ${{ github.token }}
-          issue-lock-inactive-days: '30'
-          pr-lock-inactive-days: '60'
-          issue-lock-comment: >
+          issue-inactive-days: '30'
+          issue-comment: >
             This issue has been automatically locked since there
             has not been any recent activity after it was closed.
-            Please open a new issue for related bugs.
-          pr-lock-comment: >
+          pr-inactive-days: '60'
+          pr-comment: >
             This pull request has been automatically locked since there
             has not been any recent activity after it was closed.
-            Please open a new issue for related bugs.
+          discussion-inactive-days: '60'
+          discussion-comment: >
+            This discussion has been automatically locked since there
+            has not been any recent activity after it was closed.

.github/workflows/regress.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+name: 'Run Tests'
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '33 3 * * *'
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
+
+concurrency:
+  group: tmux-tests
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  regress:
+    name: ${{ matrix.name }}
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.runner }}
+    if: github.repository == 'tmux/tmux'
+    timeout-minutes: 45
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - name: ubuntu-24.04-x64
+            runner: ubuntu-24.04
+            make: make
+            configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+          #- name: ubuntu-24.04-arm64
+          #  runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          #  make: make
+          #  configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+          - name: macos-26-arm64
+            runner: macos-26
+            make: gmake
+            configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+
+    steps:
+      - name: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'Linux'
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y \
+            autoconf \
+            automake \
+            bison \
+            build-essential \
+            libevent-dev \
+            libncurses-dev \
+            libutf8proc-dev \
+            pkg-config
+
+      - name: dependencies
+        if: runner.os == 'macOS'
+        run: |
+          brew install \
+            autoconf \
+            automake \
+            bison \
+            libevent \
+            jemalloc \
+            make \
+            ncurses \
+            utf8proc \
+            pkg-config
+
+      - name: build
+        run: |
+         sh autogen.sh
+          ./configure ${{ matrix.configure }}
+          ${{ matrix.make }} -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)"
+
+      - name: test
+        run: |
+          cd regress
+          ${{ matrix.make }}
+
+      - name: logs
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: regress-logs-${{ matrix.name }}
+          path: regress/logs/*.log
+          if-no-files-found: ignore

.gitignore

@@ -1,23 +1,27 @@
-*.o
-*~
-*.diff
-*.patch
 *.core
-core
-tags
+*.dSYM
+*.diff
+*.o
+*.patch
+*.swp
+*~
 .deps/
-compat/.dirstamp
-aclocal.m4
-autom4te.cache/
-config.log
-config.status
-etc/
-tmux
+.dirstamp
+.serena/
+AGENTS.md
 Makefile
 Makefile.in
-configure
-tmux.1.*
-*.dSYM
+aclocal.m4
+autom4te.cache/
 cmd-parse.c
+compat/.dirstamp
+config.log
+config.status
+configure
+core
+etc/
 fuzz/*-fuzzer
-.dirstamp
+regress/logs/
+tags
+tmux
+tmux.1.*

.mailmap

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ Ted Unangst		<tedu@openbsd.org> tedu <tedu>
 Theo de Raadt		<deraadt@openbsd.org> Theo Deraadt <deraadt@openbsd.org>
 Theo de Raadt		<deraadt@openbsd.org> deraadt <deraadt>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas <thomas@xteddy.org>
+Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas Adam <thomas.adam22@gmail.com>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> Thomas Adam <thomas.adam@smoothwall.net>
 Thomas Adam		<thomas@xteddy.org> n6tadam <n6tadam@xteddy.org>
 Tim van der Molen	<tim@openbsd.org> tim <tim>

CHANGES

@@ -1,3 +1,978 @@
+CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
+
+* Many improvements to floating panes:
+
+  - new-pane and split-window can now set the title with -T and border lines
+    with -B, and new-pane -W waits for the pane command to exit;
+
+  - dragging with Ctrl now creates a new floating pane;
+
+  - modal panes may be created with new-pane -O; a window can have one modal
+    pane and it prevents interaction with the other panes while it is active.
+    A modal pane is now used for the editor in buffer mode;
+
+  - move-pane and resize-pane can now move and resize floating panes, including
+    mouse dragging;
+
+  - split-window in a floating pane creates a new floating pane that does not
+    overlap the active pane, if possible;
+
+  - break-pane can float a tiled pane, join-pane can tile a floating pane, and
+    swap-pane works with floating panes;
+
+  - choose-tree -h and choose-client -h hide the pane containing the mode, and
+    -k for choose commands kills the pane when the mode exits, which is useful
+    for modes in floating panes;
+
+  - pane-border-status has top-floating and bottom-floating, and there are new
+    default bindings under C-b g for common move and resize operations;
+
+  - floating panes are unzoomed before creation to avoid a crash.
+
+* Add support for themes and improve default colours:
+
+  - tmux now has builtin light and dark colour themes for terminals with 256 or
+    more colours; a new theme option controls whether tmux detects the terminal
+    theme, uses terminal colours, or forces light or dark (set to terminal for
+    the old colours);
+
+  - styles can use new theme colour names such as themeblack, themewhite and
+    themegreen, and colours in styles are expanded as formats;
+
+  - the terminal's own theme is reported to panes instead of being guessed from
+    the background, and inferred more accurately when theme reporting is not
+    supported (Ayman Bagabas, issue 5343);
+
+  - tree-mode-selection-style has been added, tree mode selection styling now
+    covers the whole line, and built-in modes use improved theme colours.
+
+* Improvements to customize mode:
+
+  - hooks and environment variables are now shown;
+
+  - e opens the selected value in an editor;
+
+  - C toggles showing only changed items;
+
+  - array item keys can now be changed.
+
+* Hooks (and control mode notifications) are now handled internally by using
+  events, each of which may carry keys and values as a payload. The control
+  mode subscriptions mechanism has been extended to allow general-purpose
+  "monitors" which check a format every second and trigger a hook when it
+  changes or becomes true:
+
+  - set-hook -B adds a monitor hook using the same subscription syntax as
+    refresh-client -B, and show-hooks -B lists them. -T runs the hook only when
+    the format is true;
+
+  - wait-for -E waits for hooks, notifications or user events, and set-hook -E
+    fires an event immediately;
+
+  - hooks have additional keys available. wait-for -v can be used to see the
+    keys sent with a hook event;
+
+  - new hooks to cover areas including client create and destroy, pane
+    activity, pane mode and prompt changes, pane movement and resizing, session
+    group changes and window creation, close and zoom;
+
+  - OSC 133 escape sequences now trigger events: pane-command-started,
+    pane-command-finished and pane-shell-prompt.
+
+* Add switch-mode, a fast switcher bound by default to Tab for windows and BTab
+  (S-Tab) for sessions.
+
+* Pane scrollbars now support auto-hide. This replaces the previous modal
+  behaviour where the pane was resized. With auto-hide, the scrollbar appears
+  while scrolling or while hovered and disappears after pane-scrollbars-timeout
+  (Michael Grant).
+
+* Extend the fill-character option so both inside and outside the window can be
+  changed.
+
+* Change set-option and set-hooks to use formats and add a -F flag to each.
+
+* Add a #{A/count:frames} modifier to show a series of frames as an animation
+  in the status line (issue 5412 from Fernando Daciuk).
+
+* Change command templates so %% is escaped for single quotes while %1 remains
+  unquoted, preventing single quotes in session or target names from
+  terminating quoted command sections (reported by Aliz Hammond).
+
+* display-panes is now a mode rather than an overlay, and can be run inside
+  another pane. The -b flag has been removed.
+
+* Add new-window -E, respawn-pane -E and respawn-window -E as more convenient
+  methods to create an empty pane (rather than using '' for the command).
+
+* Menus now belong to the window, so appear on all clients.
+
+* Dragging over an existing copy mode selection now adjusts it (Michael Grant).
+
+* Rectangle selection in copy mode may extend past the end of the current line
+  to match vi's virtualedit=block behaviour (Mark Kelly, issue 5227).
+
+* With mode-keys set to vi, scrolling in copy mode now keeps the cursor in the
+  same position relative to the text (Arseniy Simonov, issue 5216).
+
+* Copy mode no longer exits at the bottom while a selection is in progress
+  (issue 5349).
+
+* Add style attributes for dimming colours (dim=) and for hyperlinks (link= and
+  nolink) (issues 4842 and 4280 from Moritz Angermann).
+
+* New format modifiers: O: loops over options, V: loops over environments,
+  the I modifier reports client terminal information, t/d gives a time
+  difference in seconds, c/f and c/b emit colours, and the m operator supports
+  multiple terms and fuzzy matching.
+
+* Add or improve format variables including client_colours,
+  pane_start_command_list, window_manual_width, window_manual_height,
+  pane_last_output_time, pane_modal_flag and window_modal_pane.
+
+* Add additional pane sort orders, and a z sort order for choose-tree so
+  floating panes can be sorted by z-index.
+
+* Add -f filters to kill-pane -a, kill-window -a and kill-session -a (issue
+  4782).
+
+* Allow server ACLs to use groups as well as users (issue 4917).
+
+* The mouse option now defaults to on.
+
+* Fix send-keys -K so keys are inserted in the correct place in the input
+  queue, like keys from key bindings (issue 3476).
+
+* Fix control mode clients hanging on exit if pty data was still queued (Ben
+  Maurer, issue 5356), and avoid sending notifications to clients which are
+  already exiting (Ben Maurer, issue 5357).
+
+* Fix grouped sessions sometimes being left as unusable command targets while
+  they are being killed (Bryce Miller, issue 5180).
+
+* Fix choose mode filtering when more than one pane exists (issue 5326), and
+  fix an infinite loop in customize mode when a filter does not match.
+
+* Fix regsub when the pattern is anchored at the start (issue 5341).
+
+* Fix redraw issues around synchronized updates, copy mode, tabs, padding,
+  status lines, menus, popups, wide characters and floating panes. This
+  includes fixes for flicker with alternate screen applications and scrollbars
+  (Michael Grant, issue 5351; Noam Stolero, issue 5350; Aung Myo Kyaw, issue
+  5098).
+
+* Do not crash looking for the next or previous session (issue 5344), or when
+  no client is available.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7b TO 3.7c
+
+* Build with jemalloc on macOS to avoid what appears to be a bug in calloc
+  (issue 5385).
+
+* Fix scrollbar initial state so they appear on new windows (issue 5339).
+
+* Check time periodically in loops rather than every one (issue 5367).
+
+* Use message-style again as default for message-format.
+
+* Unzoom before creating floating panes to avoid a crash.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7a TO 3.7b
+
+* Fix so that the end of a synchronized update again triggers a redraw.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.7 TO 3.7a
+
+* Fix crash in break-pane when no name is provided.
+
+* Scrollbar options are now cached rather than being looked up for every redraw
+  (issue 5298).
+
+* Only forbid #( in names, allow #[, empty names, : and .
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6b TO 3.7
+
+* Add floating panes. These are panes which sit above the layout ("tiled
+  panes") like popups but unlike popups are not modal and behave like panes (so
+  the same escape sequence support). Floating panes are created with the
+  new-pane command, bound to * by default.
+
+  This is an early release of this feature and they are relatively limited.
+  Currently floating panes can only be moved and resized using the mouse. The
+  default second status line (if status-format is set to 2) has changed to show
+  a list of panes. Many obvious features are not yet available for floating
+  panes (notably the ability to swap floating panes, resize them using
+  resize-pane, change them between floating and tiles, and restore custom
+  layouts with floating panes).
+
+  Mostly written by Michael Grant with help from Dane Jensen; testing and fixes
+  from others.
+
+* Allow run-shell arguments after a shell command to be expanded as #{1}, #{2}
+  and so on (from Rasmus Thystrup Karstensen in issue 5121).
+
+* Add -g to kill-session to kill all sessions in a session group (issue 5157
+  from github at jiku dot jp).
+
+* Tighten up read-only checks on attach-session, detach-client and
+  switch-client so that a user should be able to only detach their own client
+  (reported by John Walker).
+
+* Increase escape delay if the buffer contains a partial paste end, fixes
+  issues with at least Windows Terminal (from jing dot empty at gmail.com issue
+  5088).
+
+* When mode-keys is set to vi, do not allow the cursor to go into the invisible
+  extra cell to the right of the visible text; this is closer to what vi(1)
+  does (from Max Vim in issue 5070).
+
+* Add a five second limit on pasting for terminals which mysteriously lose the
+  end sequence if the paste is too big (that is, Terminal.app) (reported by
+  Garri Djavadyan in issue 4527).
+
+* Show file open errors more sensibly (reported by Meriel Luna Mittelbach in
+  issue 5081).
+
+* Update supported features list for Foot terminal (from Meriel Luna Mittelbach
+  in issue 5079).
+
+* Turn off the "is this a paste" guessing if the terminal supports bracket
+  pasting instead (issue 5031).
+
+* Check FIONREAD for all panes not just piped panes.
+
+* Add emacs-style recentre-top-bottom command to copy mode (issue 5053 from
+  sinyax75 at gmail dot com).
+
+* Allow the indicator in tree mode to be customized by two new options:
+  tree-mode-preview-format and tree-mode-preview-style.
+
+* Fix control client hang on exit after toggling no-output (issue 5049 from
+  Aaron Campbell). Also various other control mode fixes.
+
+* Add support for line numbers in copy mode. There is a new
+  copy-mode-line-numbers option which may be set to off, default (tmux's normal
+  line numbering where 0 is the top visible line), absolute (first line in
+  history is 1), relative (relative to the cursor) and hybrid (current line is
+  absolute, others relative). Also adds copy-mode-line-number-style and
+  copy-mode-current-line-number-style to set the style of the line numbers.
+  When copy mode is entered with the mouse, line numbers stay off. From Leo
+  Henon in issue 5025.
+
+* Make C-[ have the same bindings as Escape for terminals with extended
+  keys where they are different (issue 5035 from Eric Nicolas).
+
+* Sanitize paste buffer names in paste_set and paste_rename (issue 5032 from
+  Barrett Ruth).
+
+* Do not hang in run-shell when job_run fails (from Barrett Ruth in issue
+  5037).
+
+* Add ability to forward progress bar to outside terminal (issue 4972
+  from Eric Dorland).
+
+* Translate keypad keys to text in prompt input (from Barrett Ruth in issue
+  4996).
+
+* Sanitize pane titles and window and session names more consistently and
+  strictly, prevents C0 characters and other invisible characters causing
+  problems (reported by Chris Monardo in issue 4999).
+
+* Make clock visible on terminals without colours (from Manuel Einfalt in issue
+  5001).
+
+* Add detach to default session menu (suggested by Przemyslaw Sztoch).
+
+* Include window format variables for pane notifications (issue 5007 from Saul
+  Nogueras).
+
+* Limit precision to 100 for formats to stop silly formats from running out of
+  memory, reported by z1281552865 at gmail dot com. Also various other similar
+  changes, mostly found by OSS-Fuzz.
+
+* Add WAYLAND_DISPLAY to default update-environment (issue 4965). Also some
+  additional XDG_* variables (issue 5169).
+
+* Add -C flag to command-prompt to match display-message -C (do not freeze
+  panes) (from Barrett Ruth in issue 4978).
+
+* Cache user from getpwuid because it can be very expensive on some
+  platforms (from Ben Maurer in issue 4973).
+
+* Add remain-on-exit key to keep pane around until a key is pressed (from
+  Michael Grant).
+
+* Add some new mouse ranges called "control0" to "control9" and use to add some
+  mouse controls to the pane state line (from Dane Jensen with some bits from
+  Michael Grant).
+
+* Handle OSC 9;4 progress bar sequence and store in format variables (from Eric
+  Dorland in issue 4954).
+
+* Correctly size buffer used for parsing clipboard sequences (from Michal
+  Majchrowicz).
+
+* Limit MSG_COMMAND argument to between 0 and 1000 to prevent a misbehaving
+  client from crashing the server (from Michal Majchrowicz).
+
+* Reorganize host keys are represented internally so they can be built more
+  easily (from Dane Jensen in issue 4953).
+
+* Add new fuzzers for command parsing, formats and styles (from David
+  Korczynski in issue 4957). Also fix various issues shown from these.
+
+* Add bracket_paste_flag format flag (from George Nachman in issue 4951).
+
+* Use \- for hyphens in tmux.1 to cause newer groff versions to render them
+  correctly (from Keith Thompson in issue 4948).
+
+* Various minor code improvements and fixes from Pavel Lavrukhin (issue 4936
+  and others).
+
+* Use window options for cursor-style to avoid crash when no pane (from Arden
+  Packeer in issue 4942).
+
+* Fix issue where popup window gets overwritten by background updates (from
+  Conor Taylor in issue 4920).
+
+* Protect against overflow when scrollbar is off screen (from san65384 at gmail
+  dot com in issue 4933).
+
+* Copy hyperlinks when redrawing popup so they do not vanish (from Antoine
+  Gaudreau Simard in issue 4925).
+
+* Work around systemd killing panes early during system shutdown by creating
+  dependencies from the panes to the service which started tmux (issue 4926
+  from Dmitry Torokhov).
+
+* Allow codepoint-widths to accept ranges (from san65384 at gmail dot com in
+  issue 4930).
+
+* Add a short builtin help text for each mode accessible with C-h (based on
+  code from Patrick Motard in issue 4751).
+
+* Draw message as one format, allowing prompts and messages to occupy only a
+  portion of the status bar, overlaying the normal status content rather than
+  replacing the entire line. A new message-format option now controls the
+  entire message (like status-format). The message-style option now need to
+  include "fill" in order to cover the whole width (the default has
+  "fill=yellow"). From Conor Taylor in issue 4861.
+
+* Add next/previous variables for windows in W: loop (from Conor Taylor in
+  issue 4856).
+
+* Various bug and memory leak fixes from Renaud Allard (issue 4916).
+
+* Add pane_pipe_pid with pipe file descriptor.
+
+* Make -c work with new-session -A (from Jody Frankowski in issue 4906).
+
+* Allow copy mode to work for readonly clients, except for copy commands (from
+  Dane Jensen).
+
+* Pass paste buffer through vis(3) when pasting to prevent buffers containing
+  for example the bracket end sequence causing issues, a new -S flag disables
+  (reported by Mason Davis).
+
+* Add sorting (-O flag) and a custom format (-F) to list-keys (from Dane Jensen
+  in issue 4845).
+
+* Add scroll-exit-on, scroll-exit-off, scroll-exit-toggle commands to copy mode
+  (from xcdnlgd at hotmail dot com in issue 4884).
+
+* Respond to DECRQM 2026 (from David Turnbull in issue 4887) and various others
+  (from Ayman Bagabas in issue 5118).
+
+* Fix various memory leaks reported by Huihui Huang (issue 4872).
+
+* Pass which clipboard is set through to the terminal (from Axel Lindskog in
+  issue 4858).
+
+* Reuse extended entry when clearing RGB cell, to prevent memory growth when
+  cells are repeatedly cleared (from Michael K Darling in issue 4862).
+
+* Do not write before buffer when parsing empty clipboard or palette replies,
+  or try to allocate zero bytes with an empty clipboard sequence (reported by
+  DongHan Kim).
+
+* Various bug fixes and code improvements from Conor Taylor (issue 4848).
+
+* Clear search counts when clearing marks in case of repeated search (reported
+  by Daniel Pereira in issue 4817).
+
+* Make OSC 52 work in popups (from gogongxt at 163 dot com in issue 4797).
+
+* Refresh copy mode when style changes (from Josh Cooper in issue 4830).
+
+* Make sorting code common and add -O for sorting to the list commands (from
+  Dane Jensen in issue 4813).
+
+* Do not treat cells as empty unless the background colour stays the same,
+  fixes invisible clock in clock mode (reported by Theo Buehler).
+
+* When history-limit is changed, apply to existing panes, not just new
+  ones (issue 4705).
+
+* Reevaluate menu and popup styles on each draw to allow them to change when
+  options change (from Josh Cooper in issues 4828 and 4829).
+
+* Handle theme keys earlier so they are processed even if a popup is open (from
+  Josh Cooper in issue 4827).
+
+* Fix window-size=latest not resizing on switch-client in session groups (from
+  Ilya Grigoriev in issue 4818).
+
+* Add -e flag to command-prompt to close if empty (from Dane Jensen in issue
+  4812).
+
+* Correctly draw indicators when pane-border-indicators is set to both
+  (reported by Ilya Grigoriev in issue 4780).
+
+* Remember last pane or type of location for double and triple clicks and
+  correctly handle it changes between first and second or second and third
+  (issue 4795 from Shaobo Song).
+
+* Add paste to the default pane menu (issue 4763).
+
+* Reduce request timeout to 500 milliseconds to match the extended escape-time,
+  and discard palette requests if receiving a reply for a different index.
+
+* Extend escape timeout if there are active forwarded requests not just
+  tmux's own requests (issue 4793).
+
+* Correct redrawing of wide characters when overwritten (reported by Jake
+  Stewart in issue 4737).
+
+* If cannot find a terminator for palette responses, treat as a partial key not
+  complete (issue 4749).
+
+* Do not send theme unless it has changed, and do not send immediately when
+  updates are enabled (issue 5787).
+
+* Do not use ;;s in list-keys output as it is confusing and cannot be
+  parsed on input (from Patrick Motard in issue 4750).
+
+* Redraw pane borders when entering or leaving alternate screen (from Mike
+  Jonkmans in issue 4788).
+
+* Add focus-follows-mouse option (from Barry Wasdell in issue 4771).
+
+* Add selection_mode format variable for copy mode (from Mike Jonkmans in issue
+  4773).
+
+* Add prompt-command-cursor-style (from Joshua Cooper in issue 4765).
+
+* With status-keys vi, move the cursor left by one when pressing Escape to
+  enter command mode, like vi (issue 4767 from Joshua Cooper).
+
+* Add {current}/{active} for -t for current window or active pane (from Manuel
+  Einfalt, issue 4766).
+
+* Add support for applications to use synchronized output mode (DECSET 2026) to
+  prevent screen tearing during rapid updates (from Chris Lloyd in issue 4744).
+
+* Do not set a default prompt cursor colour because some terminals (urxvt, st)
+  do not support the reset sequence (issue 4759).
+
+* Add a scroll-to-mouse command for copy mode to scroll to the mouse position
+  and bind to the scrollbar, brings the scrollbar keys into line with the other
+  mouse keys (from Michael Grant in issue 4731).
+
+* Bump the maximum number of SIXEL images to 20.
+
+* Fix key code for M-BSpace (issue 4717).
+
+* Fix calculation of scaled SIXEL size (from nincsnevem662 at gmail dot com in
+  issue 4739). Also various other fixes and improvements for SIXEL.
+
+* Fix a race between fork and pane_current_path, most noticeable on systems
+  where starting processes is slow (issue 4719).
+
+* Fix mouse position calculation on scrollbar with pane status line at the top
+  (issue 4738 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Do not read outside buffer if format is a single #, and do not loop forever
+  if UTF-8 is unfinished in a format (reported by Giorgi Kobakhia in issue
+  4735).
+
+* Add a missing skin tone character (from Jake Stewart in issue 4736).
+
+* Allow UTF-8 characters to be combined in either order (reported by Jake
+  Stewart in issue 4726).
+
+* Do not show scrollbar when entering copy mode from a pane in the alternate
+  screen (issue 4728 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Fix the size calculation for left-right windows used to spread out cells
+  horizontally evenly (from Michael Grant in issue 4724).
+
+* Add a get-clipboard option which when enabled (the default is off) and a
+  clipboard is requested from a pane, requests it from the terminal and
+  forwards to the requesting pane; also remove the now-redundant
+  forward-to-pane ability from "refresh-client -l" (issue 4275).
+
+* Fix the noattr attribute in styles, used by the default mode-style (issue
+  4713).
+
+* Do not remove TERM for commands run from config file (regression reported by
+  Dennis Eriksen).
+
+* Add seconds options for clock mode (from augustus7613 dot mail at pm dot me,
+  issue 4697; later improved by Joao Pedro in issue 4760).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6a TO 3.6b
+
+* Remove images from the correct list when they are removed while in the
+  alternate screen (reported by xlabai at tencent dot com).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.6 TO 3.6a
+
+* Fix a buffer overread and an infinite loop in format processing (reported by
+  Giorgi Kobakhia, issue 4735).
+
+* Allow drag in alternate screen again (issue 4743 reported by Brad King).
+
+* Fix y offset of mouse if status at top (issue 4738 from Michael Grant).
+
+* Add a missing skin tone (from Jake Stewart, issue 4736).
+
+* Allow characters to be combined in either order (issue 4726, reported by Jake
+  Stewart).
+
+* Fix horizontal mouse resizing when pane status lines are on (from Michael
+  Grant, issue 4720).
+
+* Fix noattr so it does not delete attributes set in the style itself (issue
+  4713).
+
+* Newer libevents do not allow event_del on a zero'd event (issue 4706).
+
+* Place cursor on correct line if message-line is not 0 (issue 4707).
+
+* Fix compile error on FreeBSD (from Yasuhiro Kimura, issue 4701).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.5a TO 3.6
+
+* Add seconds options for clock mode (issue 4697).
+
+* Add a resize callback for menus so that they are correctly moved on resize
+  (issue 4696).
+
+* Make -v to source-file pass through to subsequent source-file commands (issue
+  4216).
+
+* If display-popup is used inside a popup, modify that popup (issue 4678).
+
+* Add selection-mode command to expilcitly set the selection mode in copy mode
+  (issue 3842).
+
+* Save and restore images in alternate screen (issue 3732).
+
+* Ignore Hangul filler character (issue 3998).
+
+* Improve handling of regional indicators and emoji modifiers (issue 3998).
+
+* Preserve marked pane with swap-window and move-window (issue 3443).
+
+* Set and check COLORTERM as a hint for RGB colour.
+
+* If tmux receives a palette request (OSC 4) in a pane and the palette entry
+  has not been set, send a request to the most recently used client and
+  forward any response instead (based on change from Tim Culverhouse, issue
+  4665).
+
+* Add -l flag to command-prompt to disable splitting into multiple prompts
+  (issue 4483).
+
+* Don't enter copy mode on mouse wheel in alternate screen (issue 3705).
+
+* Add commands to centre the cursor in copy mode (issue 4662).
+
+* Support case insensitive search in modes in the same way as copy mode
+  (like emacs, so all-lowercase means case insensitive) (issue 4396).
+
+* Fix the logic of the no-detached case for the detach-on-destroy option (from
+  Martin Louazel, issue 4649).
+
+* Add buffer_full format variable (from Mohammad AlSaleh, issue 4630).
+
+* Introduce a new window option, tiled-layout-max-columns, which configures the
+  maximum number of columns in the tiled layout.
+
+* Add support for DECRQSS SP q (report cursor style), DECRQM ?12 (report cursor
+  blink state) and DECRQM ?2004, ?1004, ?1006 (report mouse state) ( rom
+  Andrea Alberti, issue 4618).
+
+* Fix missing argument from OSC 4 reply (issue 4596).
+
+* Add -k flag to display-popup which allows any key to dismiss the popup once
+  the command has exited (from Meriel Luna Mittelbach, issue 4612).
+
+* Add nicer default second and third status lines (from Michael Grant, issue
+  4490).
+
+* Add a pane-border-lines "spaces" value to use spaces for pane borders (issue
+  4587).
+
+* Replace invalid UTF-8 characters with the placeholder instead of ignoring
+  them (issue 4514).
+
+* Fix incorrect handling of Korean Hangul Jamo characters (from Roy Jung, issue
+  4546).
+
+* Allow uppercase letters in gray/grey color names (from Pavel Roskin, issue
+  4560).
+
+* Add sorting to W, P, L loop operators (from Michael Grant, issue 4516).
+
+* Detect support for OSC 52 using the device attributes report (from James
+  Holderness, issue 4539).
+
+* Add noattr for styles and use in mode-style to allow whether attributes are
+  ignored or used to be configured (issue 4498).
+
+* Add a set-default style attribute which replaces the current default colours
+  and attributes completely.
+
+* Add -E to run-shell to forward stderr as well as stdout (issue 4246).
+
+* Add an option variation-selector-always-wide to instruct tmux not to
+  always interpret VS16 as a wide character and assume the terminal does
+  likewise.
+
+* Switch to getopt_long from OpenSSH (from Koichi Murase, issue 4492).
+
+* Add more features for boolean expressions in formats: 1) extend && and || to
+  support arbitrarily many arguments and 2) add ! and !! for not and not-not
+  (from David Mandelberg).
+
+* Do not mistake other DCS sequences for SIXEL sequences (from James
+  Holderness, issue 4488).
+
+* Improve #? conditional expression in formats: add support for else if and
+  default empty string if no else value (from David Mandelberg, issue 4451).
+
+* Add default-client-command to set the command used if tmux is run without a
+  command; the default stays new-session (from David Mandelberg, issue
+  4422).
+
+* Add S-Up and S-Down to move windows in tree mode (from David Mandelberg,
+  issue 4415).
+
+* Add mode 2031 support to automatically report dark or light theme. tmux will
+  guess the theme from the background colour on terminals which do not
+  themselves support the escape sequence (from Jonathan Slenders, issue 4353).
+
+* Add -M flag to capture-pane to use the copy mode screen (issue 4358).
+
+* Align index numbers in trees (from David Mandelberg, issue 4360).
+
+* Add display-message -C flag to update pane while message is displayed (from
+  Vitaly Ostrosablin, issue 4363).
+
+* Make list-commands command show only one command if an argument is given
+  (from Ilya Grigoriev, issue 4352).
+
+* Count line numbers correctly inside strings in configuration files (reported
+  by Pedro Navarro, issue 4325).
+
+* Map bright black (colour 8) to white (7) if the background is black on
+  terminals with only eight colours so the text is not invisible (from Dmytro
+  Bagrii, issue 4322).
+
+* New codepoint-widths option allowing users to override the width of
+  individual Unicode codepoints.
+
+* Add a nesting limit to source-file (from Fadi Afani, issue 4223).
+
+* Add copy-mode-position-style and copy-mode-selection-style options for copy
+  mode.
+
+* Add no-detach-on-destroy client option (issue 4242).
+
+* Add input-buffer-size option (from Ken Lau).
+
+* Add support for a scrollbar at the side of each pane. New options
+  pane-scrollbars turn them on or off, pane-scrollbars-position sets the
+  position (left or right), and pane-scrollbars-style to set the colours (from
+  Michael Grant, issue 4221).
+
+* Allow control characters to be entered at the command prompt by prefixing
+  with C-v (from Alexander Arch, issue 4206).
+
+* Do not attempt to search for zero length strings (from Alexander Arch, issue
+  4209).
+
+* Preserve tabs for copying and capture-pane (from Alexander Arch, issue
+  4201).
+
+* Increase the maximum for repeat-time.
+
+* Adjust how Ctrl and Meta keys are sent to use standard representation if
+  available in mode 1 (from Stanislav Kljuhhin, issue 4188).
+
+* Allow attributes in menu style (from Japin Li, issue 4194).
+
+* Add a sixel_support format variable which is 1 if SIXEL is supported, always
+  0 on OpenBSD (requested by Misaki Masa, issue 4177).
+
+* Add prompt-cursor-colour and prompt-cursor-style to set the style of the
+  cursor in the command prompt and remove the emulated cursor (from Alexander
+  Arch, issue 4170).
+
+* Add initial-repeat-time option to allow the first repeat time to be increased
+  and later reduced (from David le Blanc, issue 4164).
+
+* Send focus events to pane when entering or leaving popup (issue 3991).
+
+* Add copy-mode-position-format to configure the position indicator.
+
+* Add -y flag to disable confirmation prompts in modes (issue 4152).
+
+* Add -C and -P flags to the copy commands in copy mode: -C prevents the
+  commands from sending the text to the clipboard and -P prevents them from
+  adding the text as a paste buffer (issue 4153).
+
+* Preserve transparency and raster attribute dimensions when sending a SIXEL
+  image, and avoid collapsing empty lines (issue 4149).
+
+* Bypass permission check for Cygwin (based on a change by Yuya Adachi via
+  Rafael Kitover, issue 4148).
+
+* Add MSYSTEM to default update-environment (for Cgywin).
+
+* Set client stdout file descriptor also for Cgywin (from Michael Wild via Rafael
+  Kitover, issue 4148).
+
+* Use global cursor style and colour options for modes instead of default
+  (issue 4117).
+
+* Fix pasting so it does not interpret keys but instead copies the input
+  without interpretation (reported by Mark Kelly).
+
+* Try to query window pixel size from the outside terminal if the values
+  returned by TIOCGWINSZ are zero (Dmitry Galchinsky, issue 4099).
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.5 TO 3.5a
+
+* Do not translate BSpace as Unicode with extended keys.
+
+* Fix so that keys with Shift are represented correctly with extended keys.
+
+* Revert to using /bin/sh for #() and run-shell and if-shell; the change to use
+  default-shell only applies now to popups.
+
+* Fix grey colour without a number suffix in styles.
+ 
+CHANGES FROM 3.4 TO 3.5
+
+* Revamp extended keys support to more closely match xterm and support mode 2
+  as well as mode 1. This is a substantial change to key handling which changes
+  tmux to always request mode 2 from parent terminal, changes to an unambiguous
+  internal representation of keys, and adds an option (extended-keys-format) to
+  control the format similar to the xterm(1) formatOtherKeys resource.
+
+* Clear an overlay (popup or menu) when command prompt is entered.
+
+* Add copy-mode -d flag to scroll a page down if in copy mode already (matching
+  -e).
+
+* Display hyperlinks in copy mode and add copy_cursor_hyperlink format to get
+  the hyperlink under the cursor.
+
+* Add a prefix timeout option.
+
+* Mouse move keys are not useful as key bindings because we do not turn them on
+  unless the application requests them. Ignore them so they do not cause the
+  prefix to be canceled
+
+* Add search_count and search_count_partial formats in copy mode.
+
+* Do not reset mouse pane if clicked on status line,
+
+* Add mirrored versions of the main-horizontal and main-vertical layouts where
+  the main pane is bottom or right instead of top or left.
+
+* Allow REP to work with Unicode characters.
+
+* Fix size calculation of terminators for clipboard escape sequences.
+
+* Treat CRLF as LF in config files where it is easy to do so.
+
+* The Linux console has some bugs with bright colours, so add some workarounds
+  for it.
+
+* If built with systemd, remove some environment variables it uses.
+
+* Adjust the logic when deleting last buffer to better preserve the selection:
+  if selecting the element below the deleted one fails (because as the last
+  one), select the one above it instead.
+
+* Add --enable-jemalloc to build with jemalloc memory allocator (since glibc
+  malloc is so poor).
+
+* Add a way (refresh-client -r) for control mode clients to provide OSC 10 and
+  11 responses to tmux so they can set the default foreground and background
+  colours.
+
+* Add N to search backwards in tree modes.
+
+* Use default-shell for command prompt, #() and popups.
+
+* Revert part of a change intended to improve search performance by skipping
+  parts of lines already searched, but which in fact skipped the ends of lines
+  altogether.
+
+* Add a command-error hook when a command fails.
+
+* Add an option allow-set-title to forbid applications from changing the pane
+  title.
+
+* Correct handling of mouse up events (don't ignore all but the last released
+  button), and always process down event for double click.
+
+* Fix a crash if focusing a pane that is exiting.
+
+* Pick newest session (as documented) when looking for next session for
+  detach-on-destroy.
+
+* Reduce default escape-time to 10 milliseconds.
+
+* Add display-menu -M to always turn mouse on in a menu.
+
+* Look for feature code 21 for DECSLRM and 28 for DECFRA in the device
+  attributes and also accept level 1.
+
+* Fix crash if built with SIXEL and the SIXEL colour register is invalid; also
+  remove SIXEL images before reflow.
+
+* Do not notify window-layout-changed if the window is about to be destroyed.
+
+* Do not consider a selection present if it is empty for the selection_active
+  and selection_present format variables.
+
+* Fix split-window -p.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.3a TO 3.4
+
+* Add options keep-last and keep-group to destroy-unattached to keep the last
+  session whether in a group.
+
+* Don't allow paste-buffer into dead panes.
+
+* Add -t to source-file.
+
+* Rewrite combined character handling to be more consistent and to support
+  newer Unicode combined characters.
+
+* Add basic support for SIXEL if built with --enable-sixel.
+
+* Add a session, pane and user mouse range types for the status line and add
+  format variables for mouse_status_line and mouse_status_range so they can be
+  associated with different commands in the key bindings.
+
+* Add flag (-o) to next-prompt/previous-prompt to go to OSC 133 command output.
+
+* Add options and flags for menu styles (menu-style, menu-border-style) similar
+  to those existing for popups.
+
+* Add support for marking lines with a shell prompt based on the OSC 133 extension.
+
+* Check for libterminfo for NetBSD.
+
+* Add "us" to styles for underscore colour.
+
+* Add flags (-c and -y) to change the confirm key and default behaviour of
+  confirm-before.
+
+* Use ncurses' new tparm_s function (added in 6.4-20230424) instead of tparm so
+  it does not object to string arguments in c apabilities it doesn't already
+  know. Also ignore errors from tparm if using previous ncurses versions.
+
+* Set default lock command to vlock on Linux if present at build time.
+
+* Discard mouse sequences that have the right form but actually are invalid.
+
+* Add support for spawning panes in separate cgroups with systemd and a
+  configure flag (--disable-cgroups) to turn off.
+
+* Add a format (pane_unseen_changes) to show if there are unseen changes while
+  in a mode.
+
+* Remove old buffer when renaming rather than complaining.
+
+* Add an L modifier like P, W, S to loop over clients.
+
+* Add -f to list-clients like the other list commands.
+
+* Extend display-message to work for control clients.
+
+* Add a flag to display-menu to select the manu item selected when the menu is
+  open.
+
+* Have tmux recognise pasted text wrapped in bracket paste sequences, rather
+  than only forwarding them to the program inside.
+
+* Have client return 1 if process is interrupted to an input pane.
+
+* Query the client terminal for foreground and background colours and if OSC 10
+  or 11 is received but no colour has been set inside tmux, return the colour
+  from the first attached client.
+
+* Add send-keys -K to handle keys directly as if typed (so look up in key
+  table).
+
+* Process escape sequences in show-buffer.
+
+* Add a -l flag to display-message to disable format expansion.
+
+* Add paste-buffer-deleted notification and fix name of paste-buffer-changed.
+
+* Do not attempt to connect to the socket as a client if systemd is active.
+
+* Add scroll-top and scroll-bottom commands to scroll so cursor is at top or
+  bottom.
+
+* Add a -T flag to capture-pane to stop at the last used cell instead of the
+  full width. Restore the previous behaviour by making it default to off unless
+  -J is used.
+
+* Add message-line option to control where message and prompt go.
+
+* Notification when a paste buffer is deleted.
+
+* Add a Nobr terminfo(5) capability to tell tmux the terminal does not use bright
+  colours for bold.
+
+* Change g and G to go to top and bottom in menus.
+
+* Add a third state "all" to allow-passthrough to work even in invisible panes.
+
+* Add support for OSC 8 hyperlinks.
+
+* Store the time lines are scrolled into history and display in copy mode.
+
+* Add a %config-error reply to control mode for configuration file errors since
+  reporting them in view mode is useless.
+
+* A new feature flag (ignorefkeys) to ignore terminfo(5) function key
+  definitions for rxvt.
+
+* Pass through first argument to OSC 52 (which clipboards to set) if the
+  application provides it.
+
+* Expand arguments to send-keys, capture-pane, split-window, join-pane where it
+  makes sense to do so.
+
+* Ignore named buffers when choosing a buffer if one is not specified by the user.
+
+CHANGES FROM 3.3 TO 3.3a
+
+* Do not crash when run-shell produces output from a config file.
+
+* Do not unintentionally turn off all mouse mode when button mode is also
+  present.
+
 CHANGES FROM 3.2a TO 3.3
 
 * Add an ACL list for users connecting to the tmux socket. Users may be
@@ -180,7 +1155,7 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.2 TO 3.2a
 * Do not expand the filename given to -f so it can contain colons.
 
 * Fixes for problems with extended keys and modifiers, scroll region,
-  source-file, crosscompiling, format modifiers and other minor issues.
+  source-file, cross compiling, format modifiers and other minor issues.
 
 CHANGES FROM 3.1c TO 3.2
 
@@ -1295,7 +2270,7 @@ Incompatible Changes
 
     bind -Tcopy-mode C-r command-prompt -i -p'search up' "send -X search-backward-incremental '%%'"
 
-  There are also some new commmands available with send -X, such as
+  There are also some new commands available with send -X, such as
   copy-pipe-and-cancel.
 * set-remain-on-exit has gone -- can be achieved with hooks instead.
 * Hooks: before hooks have been removed and only a selection of commands now

COPYING

@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-THIS IS FOR INFORMATION ONLY, CODE IS UNDER THE LICENCE AT THE TOP OF ITS FILE.
-
-The README, CHANGES, FAQ and TODO files are licensed under the ISC license. All
-other files have a license and copyright notice at their start, typically:
-
-Copyright (c) <author>
+Copyright (c) Various Authors
 
 Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
 purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above

IMAGE-REDRAW-PLAN.md

@@ -0,0 +1,715 @@
+# Image Redraw and Damage Plan
+
+## Purpose
+
+Make image redraws correct and efficient for tiled panes, floating panes,
+scrolling, copy-mode selection, pane borders, pane status lines, scrollbars,
+and clients using different output protocols.
+
+The intended model is retained: the visible screen is a scene of horizontal
+cell spans. A change damages cell-aligned regions, and the compositor redraws
+only scene spans intersecting those regions.
+
+Synchronized output may hide unavoidable intermediate terminal updates, but
+it must not be required for correctness.
+
+## Current state and recovery point
+
+The last clean, pushed commit on `4902-image-support` is:
+
+```
+ec9859b1 sixel: preserve image aspect across client geometries
+```
+
+That commit already contains the important persistent model:
+
+- sparse image placements represented by spans attached to grid lines;
+- input-protocol semantics and placement ordering;
+- source coordinates for cropping placement spans;
+- movement, copying, duplication, and removal of image spans with grid data;
+- per-client output backends for Kitty, SIXEL, and fallback rendering; and
+- cached image/rendering data.
+
+The current uncommitted changes touch eight files and mix several attempted
+optimizations. They are known to damage SIXEL in Mintty and cause unnecessary
+redraws with floating panes. Do not commit them as the solution.
+
+Before discarding them, save one patch outside the branch for reference:
+
+```
+git diff -- image.c regress/image-support.sh screen-redraw.c screen-write.c \
+    server-client.c tmux.h tty.c window-copy.c \
+    > /tmp/4902-image-redraw-experiment.patch
+```
+
+Then restore those tracked files to `ec9859b1` before beginning the new work.
+Do this only after the user explicitly approves the rollback.
+
+### Ideas worth retaining, but reimplementing separately
+
+- Redraw damage should be restricted to scene-visible spans.
+- Image-related selection tests are useful.
+- Floating-pane and pane-status regression scenarios are useful.
+- Window chrome must be emitted after pane image/text composition whenever
+  the same damaged region contains both.
+- A placement's complete canvas may need to be represented even where its
+  pixels are transparent; visibility and alpha must then be tested while
+  compositing rather than by losing the placement geometry.
+- Native scrolling should be selected according to the affected region and
+  backend behaviour.
+
+### Changes not worth retaining in their present form
+
+- Promoting an obscured-pane update to `PANE_REDRAW` and then sometimes to
+  `CLIENT_REDRAWWINDOW`.
+- Repairing images directly from individual `tty_cmd_*` text functions.
+- Separate ad-hoc redraw paths for images, selection, scrollbars, borders,
+  and floating panes.
+- The current `TTY_CTX_IMAGE_SCROLL`, `TTY_CTX_PANE_FULL_WIDTH`, and
+  `CLIENT_REDRAWSCROLLBARS` plumbing as a combined patch.
+- Assuming an unchanged pane-status string does not need physical redraw
+  after some other drawing operation has covered its cells.
+
+## Required invariants
+
+These rules should be written down in code comments and enforced throughout
+the implementation.
+
+1. **Input determines semantics.** Whether text removes an image layer, lies
+   above it, or lies below it is determined by the protocol received from the
+   application. It must not depend on whether the outer client uses Kitty,
+   SIXEL, or fallback output.
+
+2. **Output backends encode a scene.** An output backend may choose different
+   escape sequences, caches, or cropping, but it must render the same logical
+   result.
+
+3. **One compositor owns repair.** No output path may independently erase and
+   reconstruct image cells without going through the same scene ordering.
+
+4. **Damage is regional.** Ordinary content changes do not become pane-wide
+   or window-wide redraws. Full redraw remains appropriate for attachment,
+   resize, geometry changes, terminal reset, or invalid scene geometry.
+
+5. **Damage uses cell coordinates.** Pixel offsets are handled when an image
+   backend maps the damaged cells to a source-pixel crop.
+
+6. **Logical state changes before physical output.** Grid text and image spans
+   are moved, removed, or inserted first. Rendering then reads the completed
+   logical state.
+
+7. **Chrome is part of composition.** Pane borders, pane status lines,
+   scrollbars, menus, and floating panes must not be repaired independently in
+   an order that allows image output to cover them afterward.
+
+8. **No-image behaviour remains unchanged.** When a damaged region does not
+   intersect image data or graphical overlays, existing fast text output and
+   native scrolling should remain available.
+
+## Established image semantics
+
+The image semantics present at the `ec9859b1` recovery point are a
+compatibility requirement. They resulted from the review discussion in PR
+#5445, particularly the temporal-versus-positional model described in
+[Theory and Practice of Sprixels](https://nick-black.com/dankwiki/index.php?title=Theory_and_Practice_of_Sprixels#Transparency_and_z-ordering),
+and were accepted after commit `a4abd616`, which added the corresponding
+manual visual checks.
+
+- SIXEL input is temporal. Transparent pixels preserve what existed when the
+  SIXEL was emitted. A later text write annihilates the affected SIXEL cells;
+  the SIXEL does not remain logically behind that text.
+- Kitty input is positional. Negative-z placements remain below the text plane;
+  nonnegative placements remain above it. Text writes do not convert or remove
+  Kitty placements merely because the output client uses SIXEL.
+- Overlapping placements remain separate ordered layers. Transparent pixels in
+  an upper placement reveal retained lower placements or text.
+- Input protocol, z-index, and placement order determine the logical scene. The
+  attached client's output protocol only determines how that scene is encoded.
+- Redraw, damage, scrolling, copy mode, and backend conversion must preserve
+  these rules exactly.
+
+The manual checks introduced by `a4abd616` and the corresponding regression
+cases are semantic compatibility tests, not merely visual diagnostics.
+
+## Coordinate spaces
+
+Keep conversions explicit. Do not pass ambiguous `x` and `y` values between
+layers.
+
+- **Grid coordinates:** include history and belong to a pane's `struct grid`.
+- **Pane coordinates:** visible cells inside a pane.
+- **Window coordinates:** include pane offsets and floating-pane positions.
+- **Client scene coordinates:** window coordinates clipped by the client's
+  viewport (`ox`, `oy`, `sx`, and `sy`).
+- **Terminal coordinates:** include the client status-line offset and any
+  terminal viewport offset.
+- **Image source coordinates:** identify cell rows/columns within a placement;
+  the backend maps these to source pixels using terminal cell geometry and
+  placement pixel offsets.
+
+Store damage in window coordinates. Translate and clip it separately for each
+client when drawing, because clients may have different viewports, status-line
+positions, cell geometries, and output backends.
+
+## Compartmentalization
+
+Keep image implementation details in the existing image files. The rest of
+tmux should know only that some scene cells require image-aware composition.
+
+### `image.c`
+
+Own all protocol-independent image state and composition policy:
+
+- placements, spans, input protocol, z-index, serial ordering, and alpha;
+- applying input semantics when text overwrites image cells;
+- testing whether a grid rectangle intersects image placements;
+- mapping a damaged cell rectangle to ordered image fragments;
+- deciding which logical image layers are below or above the text plane;
+- generic backend dispatch; and
+- public image helpers used by the redraw subsystem.
+
+### `image-sixel.c`
+
+Own only SIXEL-specific output details:
+
+- cached quantized/indexed representations;
+- mapping cell crops to pixel and six-pixel-band crops;
+- emitting SIXEL fragments;
+- alpha and palette encoding; and
+- backend-specific reset, erase, and scrolling capabilities.
+
+### `image-kitty.c`
+
+Own only Kitty-specific output details:
+
+- client-side transmission and placement caches;
+- placement creation, clipping, movement, and deletion;
+- Kitty IDs and geometry; and
+- backend-specific reset and scrolling behaviour.
+
+### Other tmux files
+
+- `screen-redraw.c` owns scene construction, damage clipping, and the ordering
+  of pane content versus window chrome. It calls generic `image.c` helpers and
+  contains no Kitty or SIXEL protocol logic.
+- `screen-write.c` updates logical grid state and reports pane/window damage.
+  It must not render image fragments or select an output backend.
+- `tty.c` owns terminal text and scrolling primitives. It receives an already
+  selected native-scroll operation; it must not reconstruct image layers or
+  call image repair after individual characters.
+- `server-client.c` schedules and drains per-client damage. It must not inspect
+  image placements or output protocols.
+- `window-copy.c` reports copy-mode damage and copies logical image state using
+  generic image helpers; it must not render images itself.
+- `tmux.h` exposes only the minimum generic structures and function prototypes
+  required across those boundaries.
+
+Prefer one generic call from `screen-redraw.c` into `image.c` over `ENABLE_IMAGES`
+branches scattered through tty commands. A build without image support should
+retain the existing redraw path with minimal conditional code.
+
+## Damage representation
+
+Add a small regional damage abstraction owned by the redraw subsystem. Do not
+add per-cell queues or enlarge `struct grid_cell`.
+
+A damage entry needs:
+
+```
+x, y, sx, sy       window-cell rectangle
+reason             content, scroll exposure, pane move, chrome, and so on
+```
+
+The exact names should follow tmux style. A short list or dynamic array per
+client is sufficient. When a new rectangle is added:
+
+- clip it to the window;
+- discard empty rectangles;
+- merge overlapping or directly adjacent rectangles where that does not make
+  the result substantially larger;
+- cap the list at a modest number; above the cap, replace it with their union;
+- promote to a full redraw only if geometry is invalid or the union covers
+  most of the client scene.
+
+A shared window damage list must not be cleared after the first client draws.
+Either append translated window rectangles to every affected client, or give
+damage events monotonically increasing sequence numbers so each client can
+consume them independently. The simpler initial implementation is to append
+window-coordinate rectangles to each client currently displaying the window.
+
+Suggested public operations are conceptually:
+
+```
+redraw_damage_window(window, x, y, sx, sy, reason)
+redraw_damage_pane(window_pane, x, y, sx, sy, reason)
+redraw_damage_client(client, x, y, sx, sy, reason)
+```
+
+Do not expose image-backend details through these calls.
+
+## Regional scene composition
+
+Extend `screen-redraw.c` so an existing `redraw_scene` can be drawn through a
+set of clipping rectangles.
+
+For every damaged line:
+
+1. Intersect the damage rectangle with that line's scene spans.
+2. Split only at damage boundaries; do not rebuild the complete scene.
+3. Draw intersecting pane content in logical layer order.
+4. Draw window chrome intersecting the same rectangle last.
+
+For a pane span, the scene has already selected the topmost visible pane at
+that position. Composition inside that pane should then be explicit:
+
+1. image placements below the text plane, such as negative Kitty z-indexes;
+2. the text plane, including the requested copy-mode style;
+3. surviving temporal SIXEL placements and images above the text plane;
+4. pane borders, pane status, scrollbars, menus, and other chrome.
+
+The exact placement order is already represented by `struct image_placement`
+and its input protocol, z-index, and serial. Do not derive it from the client's
+output backend.
+
+Only the topmost pane content is normally needed because panes are opaque.
+Underlying pane content is retained in its own grid and becomes visible when a
+floating pane moves, at which time the old floating-pane rectangle is damaged
+and recomposed.
+
+### Image fragments
+
+An `image_span` is placement metadata, not a separately stored bitmap. For an
+intersection, compute the corresponding source-cell rectangle and ask the
+backend to emit that crop from its cached rendering.
+
+- Do not rerun quantization or dithering for every small damage rectangle.
+- SIXEL output operates in six-pixel vertical bands. Expand or clip the
+  backend operation as required, then ensure any additionally touched cells
+  are included in the same composition pass.
+- A transparent top image requires lower image layers to be drawn first.
+- Kitty placements may be deleted, clipped, or replaced only within the
+  damaged placement region.
+
+## Fast text writes
+
+Do not route every ordinary character through a deferred full compositor.
+
+For an application text write:
+
+1. Apply input-protocol damage rules to the logical image spans. For example,
+   text written after a SIXEL image removes the affected SIXEL coverage.
+2. Test whether the affected cells still intersect any image layer or scene
+   overlay requiring composition.
+3. If not, retain the existing direct `tty_cmd_cell`/`tty_cmd_cells` path.
+4. If they do, suppress conflicting direct terminal repair and enqueue only
+   those cells for regional composition.
+
+This decision belongs above the backend-specific tty output functions. Avoid
+callbacks such as `image_draw_after_text()` from several `tty_cmd_*` functions;
+they reproduce ordering logic in multiple places.
+
+## Selection and copy mode
+
+Copy mode must not mutate the application's logical image placements.
+
+- Treat selection as a temporary tmux UI style on the text plane.
+- Follow the chosen policy that selection highlighting does not overwrite
+  image-covered cells.
+- Mouse motion should damage only cells whose selection state actually
+  changed.
+- If changed selection cells do not intersect visible images, draw them using
+  the normal text fast path.
+- If they intersect an image canvas, compose those cells once; do not erase a
+  whole image or pane.
+- Entering or leaving copy mode should damage the visible pane rectangle once,
+  not repeatedly for every unchanged mouse event.
+
+Copy-mode image spans should be copied before its text view is composed, but
+this should be implemented through the same logical state and damage API, not
+through special tty repair calls.
+
+## Floating panes
+
+### Focus changes
+
+Changing the active pane should damage only cells whose appearance changes:
+
+- affected pane borders;
+- pane status cells whose style or contents change; and
+- any active-pane indicators.
+
+It must not redraw pane interiors or retransmit unrelated SIXEL images.
+
+### Moving or resizing a floating pane
+
+For an old rectangle `A` and new rectangle `B`:
+
+- invalidate the scene geometry;
+- damage `A union B` (represented as a few rectangles rather than necessarily
+  one large bounding box);
+- rebuild the scene because pane ownership changed;
+- recompose only spans intersecting those rectangles.
+
+The old rectangle restores tiled panes and any image fragments that were
+previously hidden. The new rectangle draws the floating pane and its chrome.
+Multiple overlapping floating panes follow their window z-order.
+
+## Scrolling
+
+Implement scrolling in three stages. Do not begin with the most complicated
+native-scroll optimization.
+
+### Stage 1: correct regional redraw
+
+1. Move grid text and image spans using the existing grid operations.
+2. Record the pane scroll rectangle and newly exposed rows.
+3. Recompose that rectangle from the completed logical scene.
+
+This may still retransmit more image data than desired, but it establishes a
+correct regional baseline without pane- or window-wide redraws.
+
+### Stage 2: native scrolling without obstructions
+
+Use the terminal's native scroll operation only when:
+
+- the backend/terminal is known to scroll its image pixels consistently;
+- the source and destination rectangle belong to the same visible pane;
+- no floating pane, menu, overlay, pane border/status, or reserved scrollbar
+  intersects it;
+- required vertical and horizontal margins are available and reliable; and
+- existing BCE and terminal-size checks permit the operation.
+
+After native scrolling, compose only newly exposed rows and any protocol-sized
+boundary expansion.
+
+### Stage 3: mixed native scrolling around obstructions
+
+Derive safe rectangles from visible scene spans:
+
+- a destination cell is native-scrollable only when its source cell and
+  destination cell are both visible parts of the same pane;
+- coalesce equal horizontal ranges across adjacent rows into rectangles;
+- native-scroll those maximal rectangles;
+- recompose cells crossing an obstruction boundary and newly exposed cells.
+
+With one floating pane, left and right strips can often scroll over the full
+height. Above and below it, cells whose source crosses behind the floating pane
+must be recomposed rather than recovered from terminal pixels.
+
+As a simpler optional strategy, native-scroll the full tiled-pane rectangle
+and recompose the floating pane's old/current rectangles afterward. This is
+correct if all disturbed cells are marked, but may visibly flash without
+synchronized output. Prefer safe-rectangle scrolling once correctness is
+established.
+
+If rectangle decomposition becomes too fragmented, fall back to regional
+composition. It is an optimization, never a separate correctness path.
+
+## Redraw scheduling
+
+Do not turn queued regional damage into `CLIENT_REDRAWWINDOW` merely because
+the tty output buffer is nonempty. Preserve the damage list and process it
+after output drains.
+
+Use full redraw only for:
+
+- initial attachment;
+- client or terminal geometry changes;
+- a terminal reset or invalid backend cache;
+- layout/viewport changes where rebuilding and clipping regions is not yet
+  safe; or
+- a damage union large enough that full redraw is cheaper.
+
+Focus changes, selection changes, ordinary scrolling, and moving one floating
+pane should remain regional.
+
+## Debugging instrumentation
+
+Add temporary debug logging before optimizing:
+
+- damage reason and window rectangle;
+- client clipping and coordinate translation;
+- scene generation used;
+- native-scroll rectangles selected;
+- spans recomposed in each layer phase; and
+- image fragments emitted by each backend.
+
+The log should make it possible to answer, for every SIXEL retransmission,
+which damage rectangle required it. Remove excessively noisy instrumentation
+before the final commit or keep it behind normal verbose logging.
+
+## Tests
+
+Build the tests before each optimization and keep each test focused on one
+invariant.
+
+### Automated regressions
+
+1. **No-image baseline:** ordinary output, scrolling, copy mode, floating pane
+   focus, borders, status lines, and scrollbars behave unchanged.
+2. **Focus only:** changing focus with a SIXEL elsewhere emits no SIXEL DCS and
+   updates only the affected border/status cells.
+3. **Selection outside image:** emits no image output.
+4. **Selection crossing image:** the image remains intact during and after the
+   drag; only changed non-image cells are highlighted.
+5. **Unobstructed scroll:** logical image spans move with text; where native
+   scrolling is supported, no complete SIXEL retransmission occurs.
+6. **Scroll with floating pane:** both pane-status lines, borders, scrollbar,
+   floating-pane contents, and visible image fragments remain correct.
+7. **Move floating pane:** old and new rectangles are restored; unrelated image
+   regions are not emitted.
+8. **Multiple floating panes:** overlapping z-order remains correct while the
+   top pane moves.
+9. **Transparent placement:** lower images/text show through correctly, and
+   moving/selection does not treat transparency as absent placement geometry.
+10. **Cross-backend clients:** the same input scene produces equivalent results
+    on Kitty, SIXEL, and fallback clients attached simultaneously.
+11. **Pane status top/bottom:** unchanged status contents are physically
+    restored if their cells were damaged.
+12. **Scrollbar reserved/overlay:** scroll thumb and track remain present and
+    images do not overwrite them.
+
+Where possible, capture raw terminal output and assert both presence and
+absence of DCS/APC sequences. `capture-pane` alone cannot prove physical output
+ordering because it observes logical grid contents rather than terminal image
+pixels.
+
+### Manual matrix
+
+Test at least:
+
+- Microsoft Terminal with SIXEL;
+- Mintty with SIXEL;
+- WezTerm with SIXEL;
+- Kitty with Kitty output;
+- a Kitty client attached to a session created from a SIXEL client and the
+  reverse; and
+- a terminal without graphical image support.
+
+For each, test scrolling by application output and mouse wheel, selecting text,
+entering/leaving copy mode, changing focus, opening/closing/moving a floating
+pane, pane status at top and bottom, and scrollbars.
+
+## Implementation steps and commit boundaries
+
+This must not be implemented as one monolithic change. Each numbered step is a
+separate commit, review, and testing gate. Do not begin the next step until the
+current step passes its focused tests. If a step exposes a pre-existing bug,
+record it before expanding the patch.
+
+### Step 0: archive the experiment and recover the baseline
+
+**Goal:** Begin development from known source rather than repairing the mixed
+experimental diff.
+
+**Work:**
+
+- Preserve the current diff and this plan on a clearly named WIP branch.
+- Return `4902-image-support` to clean commit `ec9859b1`.
+- Build with and without image support.
+- Run the existing image regression and ordinary tmux regression suite.
+
+**Gate:** The branch is clean and existing behaviour is reproduced. No product
+code is changed in this step.
+
+### Step 1: add focused regressions and tracing
+
+**Goal:** Establish observable failures before changing redraw behaviour.
+
+**Primary files:** `regress/image-support.sh`, temporary debug logging in
+`screen-redraw.c` if necessary.
+
+**Work:** Add independent tests for focus-only changes, selection crossing an
+image, unobstructed scrolling, scrolling beneath a floating pane, moving a
+floating pane, both pane-status lines, and scrollbars. Raw terminal output must
+be used where a test needs to prove that SIXEL or Kitty data was or was not
+emitted.
+
+**Gate:** Each test either passes on the baseline or has a documented expected
+failure. Tests must not depend on timing races or visual screenshots. The
+existing edge-case checks introduced by `a4abd616` must pass unchanged on the
+recovery baseline and establish the semantic compatibility result expected by
+later gates.
+
+**Not included:** No redraw implementation changes.
+
+### Step 2: introduce regional damage scheduling
+
+**Goal:** Represent and preserve small window-coordinate damage rectangles
+without changing the rendered result.
+
+**Primary files:** `screen-redraw.c`, `server-client.c`, minimal declarations in
+`tmux.h`.
+
+**Work:** Add per-client damage storage, clipping, merging, a complexity cap,
+and verbose logging. Existing callers may initially convert the damage to the
+same redraw they used before. Pending tty output must retain the region rather
+than promote it automatically to a full-window redraw.
+
+**Gate:** No-image and image output remain visually and byte-for-byte equivalent
+where practical. Unit-style tests verify rectangle clipping and merging.
+
+**Not included:** No image-layer traversal, selection changes, floating-pane
+optimization, or native scrolling.
+
+### Step 3: add a generic image-region composition API
+
+**Goal:** Give the scene compositor one protocol-independent way to render the
+image layers intersecting a cell rectangle.
+
+**Primary files:** `image.c`, `image-sixel.c`, `image-kitty.c`, with only generic
+prototypes in `tmux.h`.
+
+**Work:**
+
+- In `image.c`, intersect damage with placement spans and preserve logical
+  input/z/serial order.
+- In `image-sixel.c`, emit a crop from cached quantized data and handle SIXEL
+  band alignment.
+- In `image-kitty.c`, update/delete/place only the intersecting cached
+  placements.
+- Define clearly separate below-text and above-text passes.
+
+**Gate:** Rendering a whole image as adjacent damaged rectangles produces the
+same final scene as rendering it in one operation. Test transparent and
+overlapping placements on both output backends. The `a4abd616` semantic
+compatibility checks must continue to pass unchanged.
+
+**Not included:** No changes to individual tty text commands and no native
+scroll optimization.
+
+### Step 4: clip scene composition to damage rectangles
+
+**Goal:** Make `screen-redraw.c` repaint only scene spans intersecting queued
+damage.
+
+**Primary files:** `screen-redraw.c`; generic calls into `image.c`.
+
+**Work:** For each damaged line, intersect existing redraw spans, compose the
+selected pane's below-text images, text, and above-text images, then draw
+intersecting chrome last. Full redraw continues to use the same compositor with
+a full-client damage rectangle.
+
+**Gate:** Full and tiled panes redraw correctly; pane borders, pane status,
+scrollbars, menus, and images have deterministic output order. No floating-pane
+movement or scroll optimization is added yet.
+
+### Step 5: route text and selection damage through the compositor
+
+**Goal:** Repair only cells where text or copy-mode selection interacts with
+image layers.
+
+**Primary files:** `screen-write.c`, `window-copy.c`, `screen-redraw.c`, and
+logical helpers in `image.c`.
+
+**Work:** Apply input semantics to logical spans first. Preserve direct tty text
+output when no image placement intersects the cells. Otherwise enqueue those
+cells for composition. Selection changes damage only cells whose selection
+state changed and follow the policy of not overwriting image-covered cells.
+
+**Gate:** Dragging selection across an image never damages it, entering/leaving
+copy mode restores the same scene, and selection outside images emits no image
+data. The `a4abd616` semantic compatibility checks must continue to pass
+unchanged.
+
+**Not included:** Do not add image callbacks to `tty_cmd_cell`,
+`tty_cmd_cells`, or `tty_cmd_clearcharacter`.
+
+### Step 6: make floating-pane changes regional
+
+**Goal:** Focus, movement, resize, open, and close operations damage only the
+cells whose scene ownership or chrome changed.
+
+**Primary files:** floating-pane/window code that reports geometry changes,
+plus `screen-redraw.c`. Image implementation remains in the image files.
+
+**Work:** Focus changes enqueue border/status cells only. Movement and resize
+enqueue the old and new pane rectangles and invalidate scene geometry. Regional
+composition restores underlying panes/images in the old rectangle and draws
+the floating pane in the new rectangle.
+
+**Gate:** Changing focus emits no unrelated SIXEL/APC. Moving a floating pane
+does not damage images, either pane-status line, borders, or scrollbars. Test
+one and multiple overlapping floating panes.
+
+### Step 7: implement correct regional scrolling without native optimization
+
+**Goal:** Establish correct scrolling using logical state plus regional
+composition.
+
+**Primary files:** grid/image state helpers in `image.c`, damage reporting in
+`screen-write.c`, composition in `screen-redraw.c`.
+
+**Work:** Move text and image spans first, then damage the scroll rectangle and
+compose it. Do not use special image repair from `tty.c`.
+
+**Gate:** Application scrolling, mouse-wheel copy-mode scrolling, partial
+scroll regions, scrollbars, and scrolling beneath floating panes are correct on
+Kitty, Microsoft Terminal, Mintty, and WezTerm. This step may redraw more than
+the final optimized version, but must not redraw outside the scroll rectangle.
+The `a4abd616` semantic compatibility checks must continue to pass unchanged.
+
+### Step 8: enable native scrolling for unobstructed rectangles
+
+**Goal:** Avoid retransmitting image pixels when the terminal can safely move
+them.
+
+**Primary files:** scroll planning in `screen-redraw.c`, generic backend
+capability in `image.c`, backend facts in `image-sixel.c` and `image-kitty.c`,
+terminal primitive execution in `tty.c`.
+
+**Work:** Select native scrolling only when source/destination cells belong to
+the same unobstructed pane and terminal margins/backend behaviour permit it.
+Compose newly exposed rows afterward. Retain Step 7 as the fallback.
+
+**Gate:** Raw output proves the native scroll is used and a complete image is
+not retransmitted. Final output must match Step 7 on every tested backend.
+
+### Step 9: decompose scrolling around floating panes
+
+**Goal:** Combine native scrolling of safe rectangles with composition of
+obstructed and boundary rectangles.
+
+**Primary files:** scroll planning and scene-span traversal in
+`screen-redraw.c`; no new protocol logic outside the image files.
+
+**Work:** Derive maximal rectangles where both source and destination are
+visible cells of the same pane, coalesce adjacent equal ranges, natively scroll
+them, and compose everything else. Enforce a fragmentation threshold that
+falls back to Step 7.
+
+**Gate:** Scrolling beneath one or several floating panes produces the same
+final scene as Step 7, reduces emitted image data, and never loses pane status,
+borders, scrollbars, or images.
+
+### Step 10: cleanup, performance checks, and full regression
+
+**Goal:** Remove superseded paths only after all replacements are proven.
+
+**Work:** Remove obsolete redraw helpers and flags introduced or made unused by
+the new path. Reduce temporary logging. Check memory growth, rectangle-list
+bounds, output byte counts, and behaviour without image support. Run the entire
+regression suite and the manual terminal matrix.
+
+**Gate:** All completion criteria below are satisfied. Synchronized output may
+improve appearance, but disabling it does not alter final contents. The
+`a4abd616` semantic compatibility checks must continue to pass unchanged.
+
+Do not squash these implementation steps during development. Keeping their
+boundaries visible makes it possible to bisect correctness and performance
+regressions. They can be reorganized later only after review.
+
+## Completion criteria
+
+The work is complete when:
+
+- Mintty, Microsoft Terminal, WezTerm, and Kitty show no persistent damage;
+- focus and selection do not retransmit unrelated images;
+- floating-pane movement redraws only old/new affected regions;
+- scrolling preserves images, pane borders, both tiled and floating pane
+  status lines, and scrollbars;
+- input semantics produce the same composition on every output backend;
+- no-image performance and behaviour remain unchanged;
+- full regression tests pass; and
+- synchronized output improves appearance but disabling it never changes the
+  final screen contents.

Makefile.am

@@ -1,41 +1,53 @@
-# Makefile.am
-
 # Obvious program stuff.
 bin_PROGRAMS = tmux
 CLEANFILES = tmux.1.mdoc tmux.1.man cmd-parse.c
 
 # Distribution tarball options.
 EXTRA_DIST = \
-	CHANGES README README.ja COPYING example_tmux.conf \
-	osdep-*.c mdoc2man.awk tmux.1
+	CHANGES README COPYING example_tmux.conf \
+	osdep-*.c mdoc2man.awk tmux.1 \
+	tools/generate-image-diacritics.sh
 dist_EXTRA_tmux_SOURCES = compat/*.[ch]
 
 # Preprocessor flags.
 AM_CPPFLAGS += @XOPEN_DEFINES@ \
 	-DTMUX_VERSION='"@VERSION@"' \
 	-DTMUX_CONF='"$(sysconfdir)/tmux.conf:~/.tmux.conf:$$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/tmux/tmux.conf:~/.config/tmux/tmux.conf"' \
-	-DTMUX_TERM='"@DEFAULT_TERM@"'
+	-DTMUX_LOCK_CMD='"@DEFAULT_LOCK_CMD@"' \
+	-DTMUX_TERM='"@DEFAULT_TERM@"' \
+	-DTMUX_MOUSE=1
 
 # Additional object files.
 LDADD = $(LIBOBJS)
 
 # Set flags for gcc.
 if IS_GCC
-AM_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99 -O2
+AM_CFLAGS += -std=gnu99
+if IS_OPTIMIZED
+AM_CFLAGS += -O2
+else
+AM_CFLAGS += -O0
+endif
 if IS_DEBUG
-AM_CFLAGS += -g
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-long-long -Wall -W -Wformat=2
+AM_CFLAGS += -g3 -ggdb
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-long-long -Wall -W -Wformat=2 -Wno-use-after-free
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wmissing-prototypes -Wstrict-prototypes -Wmissing-declarations
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wwrite-strings -Wshadow -Wpointer-arith -Wsign-compare
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wundef -Wbad-function-cast -Winline -Wcast-align
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wundef -Wbad-function-cast -Winline -Wno-cast-align
 AM_CFLAGS += -Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wno-pointer-sign -Wno-attributes
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-result -Wno-format-y2k
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-unused-result -Wno-format-y2k -Wno-unknown-warning-option
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-maybe-uninitialized
 if IS_DARWIN
-AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-cast-align
+AM_CFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-macro-redefined
 endif
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -DDEBUG
 endif
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -iquote.
+if IS_ASAN
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -DASAN
+AM_CFLAGS += -fsanitize=address -fno-omit-frame-pointer
+AM_LDFLAGS += -fsanitize=address
+endif
 endif
 
 # Set flags for Solaris.
@@ -67,6 +79,11 @@ if IS_HAIKU
 AM_CPPFLAGS += -D_BSD_SOURCE
 endif
 
+# Set flags for Cygwin.
+if IS_CYGWIN
+AM_CPPFLAGS += -DTMUX_SOCK_PERM=0
+endif
+
 # List of sources.
 dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	alerts.c \
@@ -85,7 +102,6 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	cmd-detach-client.c \
 	cmd-display-menu.c \
 	cmd-display-message.c \
-	cmd-display-panes.c \
 	cmd-find-window.c \
 	cmd-find.c \
 	cmd-if-shell.c \
@@ -96,6 +112,7 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	cmd-kill-window.c \
 	cmd-list-buffers.c \
 	cmd-list-clients.c \
+	cmd-list-commands.c \
 	cmd-list-keys.c \
 	cmd-list-panes.c \
 	cmd-list-sessions.c \
@@ -144,12 +161,17 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	control-notify.c \
 	control.c \
 	environ.c \
+	events-payload.c \
+	events.c \
 	file.c \
-	format.c \
 	format-draw.c \
+	format.c \
+	fuzzy.c \
 	grid-reader.c \
 	grid-view.c \
 	grid.c \
+	hooks.c \
+	hyperlinks.c \
 	input-keys.c \
 	input.c \
 	job.c \
@@ -161,13 +183,15 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	log.c \
 	menu.c \
 	mode-tree.c \
+	monitor.c \
 	names.c \
-	notify.c \
 	options-table.c \
 	options.c \
 	paste.c \
 	popup.c \
 	proc.c \
+	prompt-history.c \
+	prompt.c \
 	regsub.c \
 	resize.c \
 	screen-redraw.c \
@@ -178,24 +202,31 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	server-fn.c \
 	server.c \
 	session.c \
+	sort.c \
 	spawn.c \
 	status.c \
 	style.c \
+	tmux-protocol.h \
 	tmux.c \
 	tmux.h \
-	tmux-protocol.h \
 	tty-acs.c \
+	tty-draw.c \
 	tty-features.c \
 	tty-keys.c \
 	tty-term.c \
 	tty.c \
+	utf8-combined.c \
 	utf8.c \
+	window-border.c \
 	window-buffer.c \
 	window-client.c \
 	window-clock.c \
 	window-copy.c \
 	window-customize.c \
+	window-panes.c \
+	window-switch.c \
 	window-tree.c \
+	window-visible.c \
 	window.c \
 	xmalloc.c \
 	xmalloc.h
@@ -216,10 +247,26 @@ if HAVE_UTF8PROC
 nodist_tmux_SOURCES += compat/utf8proc.c
 endif
 
+# Enable image support.
+if ENABLE_IMAGES
+dist_tmux_SOURCES += image.c image-sixel.c image-kitty.c
+endif
+
+# Add bits for fuzzing if enabled.
 if NEED_FUZZING
-check_PROGRAMS = fuzz/input-fuzzer
+check_PROGRAMS = \
+	fuzz/input-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/cmd-parse-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/format-fuzzer \
+	fuzz/style-fuzzer
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_cmd_parse_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_cmd_parse_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
+fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
+fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
 endif
 
 # Install tmux.1 in the right format.
@@ -234,3 +281,7 @@ install-exec-hook:
 	$(mkdir_p) $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1
 	$(INSTALL_DATA) $(srcdir)/tmux.1.@MANFORMAT@ \
 		$(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/tmux.1
+
+# And uninstall it.
+uninstall-hook:
+	rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(mandir)/man1/tmux.1

README

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ autoconf, automake and pkg-config:
 	$ cd tmux
 	$ sh autogen.sh
 	$ ./configure && make
+	$ sudo make install
 
 * Contributing
 
@@ -65,7 +66,7 @@ Also see the tmux FAQ at:
 
 A bash(1) completion file is at:
 
-	https://github.com/imomaliev/tmux-bash-completion
+	https://github.com/scop/bash-completion/blob/main/completions/tmux
 
 For debugging, run tmux with -v and -vv to generate server and client log files
 in the current directory.

README.ja

@@ -1,62 +0,0 @@
-tmuxへようこそ!
-
-tmuxはターミナルマルチプレクサーです。複数のターミナルを一つのスクリーン内に作成し、操作することができます。
-バックグラウンドで処理を実行中に一度スクリーンから離れて後から復帰することも可能です。
-
-OpenBSD、FreeBSD、NetBSD、Linux、macOS、Solarisで実行できます。
-
-tmuxはlibevent 2.x.に依存します。 下記からダウンロードしてください。
-
-	http://libevent.org
-
-また、ncursesも必要です。こちらからどうぞ。
-
-	http://invisible-island.net/ncurses/
-
-tarballでのtmuxのビルドとインストール方法。
-
-	$ ./configure && make
-	$ sudo make install
-
-tmuxはutmp(5)をアップデートするためにutempterを使うことができます。もしインストール済みであればオプション「--enable-utempter」をつけて実行してください。
-
-リポジトリから最新バージョンを手に入れるためには下記を実行。
-
-	$ git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
-	$ cd tmux
-	$ sh autogen.sh
-	$ ./configure && make
-
-(ビルドのためにはlibevent、ncurses libraries、headersに加えて、C compiler、make、autoconf、automake、pkg-configが必要です。)
-
-詳しい情報はhttp://git-scm.comをご覧ください。修正はメール<tmux-users@googlegroups.com>宛、もしくはhttps://github.com/tmux/tmux/issuesにて受け付けています。
-
-tmuxのドキュメントについてはtmux.1マニュアルをご覧ください。こちらのコマンドで参照可能です。
-
-	$ nroff -mdoc tmux.1|less
-
-サンプル設定は本リポジトリのexample_tmux.confに
-また、bash-completionファイルは下記にあります。
-
-	https://github.com/imomaliev/tmux-bash-completion
-
-「-v」や「-vv」を指定することでデバッグモードでの起動が可能です。カレントディレクトリにサーバーやクライアントのログファイルが生成されます。
-
-議論やバグレポート用のメーリングリストにはこちらから参加可能です。
-
-	https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tmux-users
-
-gitコミットについての連絡先
-
-	https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/tmux-git
-
-購読は<tmux-users+subscribe@googlegroups.com>までメールをお願いします。
-
-バグレポートや機能追加(特にコードへの貢献)は大歓迎です。こちらにご連絡ください。
-
-	tmux-users@googlegroups.com
-
-本ファイル、CHANGES、 FAQ、SYNCINGそしてTODOはISC licenseで保護されています。
-その他のファイルのライセンスや著作権については、ファイルの上部に明記されています。
-
--- Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

SECURITY.md

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Please report security issues to nicholas.marriott@gmail.com.

SYNCING

@@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
-Preamble
-========
-
-Tmux portable relies on  repositories "tmux" and "tmux-openbsd".
-Here's a description of them:
-
-* "tmux" is the portable version, the one which contains code for other
-  operating systems, and autotools, etc., which isn't found or needed in the
-  OpenBSD base system.
-
-* "tmux-openbsd" is the version of tmux in OpenBSD base system which provides
-  the basis of the portable tmux version.
-
-Note:  The "tmux-openbsd" repository is actually handled by "git cvsimport"
-running at 15 minute intervals, so a commit made to OpenBSD's tmux CVS
-repository will take at least that long to appear in this git repository.
-(It might take longer, depending on the CVS mirror used to import the
-OpenBSD code).
-
-If you've never used git before, git tracks meta-data about the committer
-and the author, as part of a commit, hence:
-
-% git config [--global] user.name "Your name"
-% git config [--global] user.email "you@yourdomain.com"
-
-Note that, if you already have this in the global ~/.gitconfig option, then
-this will be used.  Setting this per-repository would involve not using the
-"--global" flag above.   If you wish to use the same credentials always,
-pass the "--global" option, as shown.
-
-This is a one-off operation once the repository has been cloned, assuming
-this information has ever been set before.
-
-Cloning repositories
-====================
-
-This involves having both tmux and tmux-openbsd cloned, as in:
-
-% cd /some/where/useful
-% git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git
-% git clone https://github.com/ThomasAdam/tmux-openbsd.git
-
-Note that you do not need additional checkouts to manage the sync -- an
-existing clone of either repositories will suffice.  So if you already have
-these checkouts existing, skip that.
-
-Adding in git-remotes
-=====================
-
-Because the portable "tmux" git repository and the "tmux-openbsd"
-repository do not inherently share any history between each other, the
-history has been faked between them.  This "faking of history" is something
-which has to be told to git for the purposes of comparing the "tmux" and
-"tmux-openbsd" repositories for syncing.  To do this, we must reference the
-clone of the "tmux-openbsd" repository from the "tmux" repository, as
-shown by the following command:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git remote add obsd-tmux file:///path/to/tmux-openbsd
-
-So that now, the remote "obsd-tmux" can be used to reference branches and
-commits from the "tmux-openbsd" repository, but from the context of the
-portable "tmux" repository, which makes sense because it's the "tmux"
-repository which will have the updates applied to them.
-
-Fetching updates
-================
-
-To ensure the latest commits from "tmux-openbsd" can be found from within
-"tmux", we have to ensure the "master" branch from "tmux-openbsd" is
-up-to-date first, and then reference that update in "tmux", as in:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux-openbsd
-% git checkout master
-% git pull
-
-Then back in "tmux":
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git fetch obsd-tmux
-
-Creating the necessary branches
-===============================
-
-Now that "tmux" can see commits and branches from "tmux-openbsd" by way
-of the remote name "obsd-tmux", we can now create the master branch from
-"tmux-openbsd" in the "tmux" repository:
-
-% git checkout -b obsd-master obsd-tmux/master
-
-Adding in the fake history points
-=================================
-
-To tie both the "master" branch from "tmux" and the "obsd-master"
-branch from "tmux-openbsd" together, the fake history points added to the
-"tmux" repository need to be added.  To do this, we must add an
-additional refspec line, as in:
-
-% cd /path/to/tmux
-% git config --add remote.origin.fetch '+refs/replace/*:refs/replace/*'
-% git fetch origin
-
-Performing the Sync
-===================
-
-Make sure the "master" branch is checked out:
-
-% git checkout master
-
-The following will show commits on OpenBSD not yet synched with "tmux":
-
-% git log master..obsd-master
-
-From there, merge the result in, fixing up any conflicts which might arise.
-
-% git merge obsd-master
-
-Then ensure things look correct by BUILDING the result of that sync:
-
-% make clean && ./autogen.sh && ./configure && make
-
-Compare the git merge result with what's on origin/master -- that is, check
-which commits you're about to push:
-
-% git log origin/master..master
-
-And if happy:
-
-% git push origin master
-
-Keeping an eye on libutil in OpenBSD
-====================================
-
-A lot of the compat/ code in tmux comes from libutil, especially imsg.
-Sometimes the API can change, etc., which might cause interesting problems
-trying to run the portable version of tmux.  It's worth checking
-periodically for any changes to libutil in OpenBSD and syncing those files
-to compat/ as and when appropriate.
-
-Release tmux for next version
-=============================
-
-1. Update and commit README and CHANGES.  The former should be checked for
-   anything outdated and updated with a list of things that might break
-   upgrades and the latter should mention all the major changes since
-   the last version.
-
-2. Make sure configure.ac has the new version number.
-
-3. Tag with:
-
-   % git tag -a 2.X
-
-   Where "2.X" is the next version.
-
-   Push the tag out with:
-
-   % git push --tags
-
-4. Build the tarball with 'make dist'.
-
-5. Check the tarball.  If it's good, go here to select the tag just pushed:
-
-   https://github.com/tmux/tmux/tags
-
-   Click the "Add release notes", upload the tarball and add a link in the
-   description field to the CHANGES file.
-
-6. Clone the tmux.github.io repository, and change the RELEASE version in the
-   Makefile.  Commit it, and run 'make' to replace %%RELEASE%%.  Push the
-   result out.
-
-7. Change version back to master in configure.ac.

SYNCING.md

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+# Preamble
+
+tmux portable is maintained from two repositories:
+
+* `tmux` is the portable repository. It contains the portability layer,
+  autotools build files, regression tests, documentation, and code needed for
+  platforms outside OpenBSD.
+* `tmux-openbsd-cutover` is the OpenBSD tmux import repository. Its `master`
+  branch is the OpenBSD tmux history after the OpenBSD Git cutover. Portable
+  merges this branch when importing OpenBSD changes.
+
+To create the commits in the tmux-openbsd-cutover repo, the source repo is the
+Github mirror of OpenBSD's src repo:
+
+```text
+https://github.com/openbsd/src.git
+```
+
+The update automation filters the OpenBSD source tree to `usr.bin/tmux/`,
+publishes that filtered history as `openbsd-git` in the cutover repository,
+cherry-picks new filtered commits onto cutover `master`, then merges cutover
+`master` into portable `master`.
+
+If you've never used git before, configure your identity before committing:
+
+```sh
+git config [--global] user.name "Your name"
+git config [--global] user.email "you@yourdomain.com"
+```
+
+# Repository layout
+
+The usual local layout is:
+
+```sh
+cd /some/where/useful
+git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git tmux-portable
+git clone https://github.com/ThomasAdam/tmux-obsd.git tmux-openbsd-cutover
+```
+
+The exact directory names do not matter, but the examples below use:
+
+```text
+/path/to/tmux-portable
+/path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+```
+
+The cutover repository has three important branches:
+
+* `master` is the branch portable consumes. It should contain tmux source
+  only, not automation files.
+* `openbsd-git` is the raw filtered OpenBSD tmux branch generated from
+  OpenBSD src `master`.
+* `automation` is an orphan branch containing the GitHub Actions workflow. It
+  is separate so that workflow files are not merged into portable.
+
+# Adding the OpenBSD remote to portable
+
+In the portable repository, add the cutover repository as a remote:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-portable
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+```
+
+If the remote already exists, update it instead:
+
+```sh
+git remote set-url tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+```
+
+Fetch the cutover master branch explicitly:
+
+```sh
+git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+# Automated syncing
+
+The normal sync is performed by the GitHub Actions workflow in the
+`automation` branch of the cutover repository. That workflow:
+
+1. Fetches or clones OpenBSD src using a blobless clone.
+2. Filters `usr.bin/tmux/` into a local `tmux-openbsd` branch.
+3. Updates `tmux-openbsd-cutover/openbsd-git`.
+4. Cherry-picks new `openbsd-git` commits onto cutover `master`.
+5. Merges cutover `master` into portable `master`.
+6. Pushes the changed repositories.
+
+The workflow deliberately runs from the orphan `automation` branch but checks
+out cutover `master` as the branch to update. This keeps `.github/` out of
+cutover `master`, so portable does not import workflow files when it merges
+OpenBSD changes.
+
+# Manual portable merge
+
+If the workflow fails while merging into portable, do the merge locally and
+push the result.
+
+Start from an up-to-date portable master:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-portable
+git fetch origin
+git checkout master
+git pull --ff-only origin master
+```
+
+Fetch the cutover branch:
+
+```sh
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover 2>/dev/null || true
+git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
+git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+Merge it:
+
+```sh
+git merge --no-ff --log refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
+```
+
+Resolve conflicts by deciding whether portable or OpenBSD owns the file.
+
+Useful commands:
+
+```sh
+git checkout --ours path/to/file
+git add path/to/file
+```
+
+This keeps the portable version of a conflicted file.
+
+```sh
+git checkout --theirs path/to/file
+git add path/to/file
+```
+
+This takes the OpenBSD/cutover version of a conflicted file.
+
+Before committing, inspect the result:
+
+```sh
+git status
+git diff --check
+git diff --cached --stat
+```
+
+Then finish and publish:
+
+```sh
+git commit
+git push origin master
+```
+
+If the merge attempt is wrong, abort it:
+
+```sh
+git merge --abort
+```
+
+After pushing a manually resolved merge, rerun the workflow. It should either
+no-op or continue from the now-merged portable state.
+
+# Manual cutover update
+
+Normally this is handled by the workflow. If it must be done manually, update
+`openbsd-git` in the cutover repository from a filtered OpenBSD src checkout,
+then cherry-pick the new filtered commits onto cutover `master`.
+
+The important range is:
+
+```text
+origin/openbsd-git..openbsd-git
+```
+
+where `origin/openbsd-git` is the previously published filtered OpenBSD tmux
+branch and `openbsd-git` is the newly generated filtered branch.
+
+In the cutover repository:
+
+```sh
+cd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git checkout master
+git cherry-pick origin/openbsd-git..openbsd-git
+git push origin master openbsd-git
+```
+
+Do not put workflow files on cutover `master`; keep them on the orphan
+`automation` branch.
+
+# Keeping an eye on libutil in OpenBSD
+
+A lot of the `compat/` code in tmux comes from OpenBSD libraries, especially
+imsg. Sometimes APIs change in OpenBSD in ways that require corresponding
+portable changes. It is worth checking periodically for relevant OpenBSD
+libutil changes and syncing those files into `compat/` as appropriate.
+
+# Release tmux for next version
+
+1. Update and commit README and CHANGES. The former should be checked for
+   anything outdated and updated with a list of things that might break
+   upgrades and the latter should mention all the major changes since the last
+   version.
+2. Make sure `configure.ac` has the new version number.
+3. Tag with:
+
+   ```sh
+   % git tag -a 2.X
+   ```
+
+   Where `2.X` is the next version.
+
+   Push the tag out with:
+
+   ```sh
+   % git push --tags
+   ```
+
+4. Build the tarball with `make dist`.
+5. Check the tarball. If it is good, go here to select the tag just pushed:
+
+   ```text
+   https://github.com/tmux/tmux/tags
+   ```
+
+   Click "Add release notes", upload the tarball and add a link in the
+   description field to the CHANGES file.
+6. Clone the tmux.github.io repository, and change the RELEASE version in the
+   Makefile. Commit it, and run `make` to replace `%%RELEASE%%`. Push the
+   result out.
+7. Change version back to master in `configure.ac`.

alerts.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: alerts.c,v 1.35 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ alerts_check_bell(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "bell-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-bell", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-bell", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@ alerts_check_activity(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "activity-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-activity", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-activity", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;
@@ -277,7 +277,7 @@ alerts_check_silence(struct window *w)
 		}
 		if (!alerts_action_applies(wl, "silence-action"))
 			continue;
-		notify_winlink("alert-silence", wl);
+		events_fire_winlink("alert-silence", wl);
 
 		if (s->flags & SESSION_ALERTED)
 			continue;
@@ -315,11 +315,11 @@ alerts_set_message(struct winlink *wl, const char *type, const char *option)
 		if (visual == VISUAL_OFF)
 			continue;
 		if (c->session->curw == wl) {
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, "%s in current window",
-			    type);
+			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0,
+			    "%s in current window", type);
 		} else {
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, "%s in window %d", type,
-			    wl->idx);
+			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0,
+			    "%s in window %d", type, wl->idx);
 		}
 	}
 }

arguments.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: arguments.c,v 1.66 2026/06/26 09:54:56 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2010 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -37,6 +37,10 @@ struct args_entry {
 	u_char			 flag;
 	struct args_values	 values;
 	u_int			 count;
+
+	int			 flags;
+#define ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE 0x1
+
 	RB_ENTRY(args_entry)	 entry;
 };
 
@@ -94,6 +98,22 @@ args_copy_value(struct args_value *to, struct args_value *from)
 	}
 }
 
+/* Type to string. */
+static const char *
+args_type_to_string (enum args_type type)
+{
+	switch (type)
+	{
+	case ARGS_NONE:
+		return "NONE";
+	case ARGS_STRING:
+		return "STRING";
+	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
+		return "COMMANDS";
+	}
+	return "INVALID";
+}
+
 /* Get value as string. */
 static const char *
 args_value_as_string(struct args_value *value)
@@ -122,6 +142,115 @@ args_create(void)
 	return (args);
 }
 
+/* Parse a single flag. */
+static int
+args_parse_flag_argument(struct args_value *values, u_int count, char **cause,
+    struct args *args, u_int *i, const char *string, int flag,
+    int optional_argument)
+{
+	struct args_value	*argument, *new;
+	const char		*s, *as;
+
+	new = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new);
+	if (*string != '\0') {
+		new->type = ARGS_STRING;
+		new->string = xstrdup(string);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (*i == count)
+		argument = NULL;
+	else {
+		argument = &values[*i];
+		if (argument->type != ARGS_STRING) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "-%c argument must be a string", flag);
+			args_free_value(new);
+			free(new);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+	}
+	if (argument == NULL) {
+		args_free_value(new);
+		free(new);
+		if (optional_argument) {
+			log_debug("%s: -%c (optional)", __func__, flag);
+			args_set(args, flag, NULL, ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE);
+			return (0); /* either - or end */
+		}
+		xasprintf(cause, "-%c expects an argument", flag);
+		return (-1);
+	}
+
+	if (optional_argument && argument->type == ARGS_STRING) {
+		as = argument->string;
+		if (as[0] == '-' && (as[1] == '-' || isalpha((u_char)as[1]))) {
+			args_free_value(new);
+			free(new);
+			log_debug("%s: -%c (optional)", __func__, flag);
+			args_set(args, flag, NULL, ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE);
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
+	args_copy_value(new, argument);
+	(*i)++;
+
+out:
+	s = args_value_as_string(new);
+	log_debug("%s: -%c = %s", __func__, flag, s);
+
+	args_set(args, flag, new, 0);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Parse flags argument. */
+static int
+args_parse_flags(const struct args_parse *parse, struct args_value *values,
+    u_int count, char **cause, struct args *args, u_int *i)
+{
+	struct args_value	*value;
+	u_char			 flag;
+	const char		*found, *string;
+	int			 optional_argument;
+
+	value = &values[*i];
+	if (value->type != ARGS_STRING)
+		return (1);
+
+	string = value->string;
+	log_debug("%s: next %s", __func__, string);
+	if (*string++ != '-' || *string == '\0')
+		return (1);
+	(*i)++;
+	if (string[0] == '-' && string[1] == '\0')
+		return (1);
+
+	for (;;) {
+		flag = *string++;
+		if (flag == '\0')
+			return (0);
+		if (flag == '?')
+			return (-1);
+		if (!isalnum(flag)) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "invalid flag -%c", flag);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+
+		found = strchr(parse->template, flag);
+		if (found == NULL) {
+			xasprintf(cause, "unknown flag -%c", flag);
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		if (found[1] != ':') {
+			log_debug("%s: -%c", __func__, flag);
+			args_set(args, flag, NULL, 0);
+			continue;
+		}
+		optional_argument = (found[2] == ':');
+		return (args_parse_flag_argument(values, count, cause, args, i,
+		    string, flag, optional_argument));
+	}
+}
+
 /* Parse arguments into a new argument set. */
 struct args *
 args_parse(const struct args_parse *parse, struct args_value *values,
@@ -131,86 +260,21 @@ args_parse(const struct args_parse *parse, struct args_value *values,
 	u_int			 i;
 	enum args_parse_type	 type;
 	struct args_value	*value, *new;
-	u_char			 flag;
-	const char		*found, *string, *s;
-	int			 optional_argument;
+	const char		*s;
+	int			 stop;
 
 	if (count == 0)
 		return (args_create());
 
 	args = args_create();
 	for (i = 1; i < count; /* nothing */) {
-		value = &values[i];
-		if (value->type != ARGS_STRING)
-			break;
-
-		string = value->string;
-		if (*string++ != '-' || *string == '\0')
-			break;
-		i++;
-		if (string[0] == '-' && string[1] == '\0')
-			break;
-
-		for (;;) {
-			flag = *string++;
-			if (flag == '\0')
-				break;
-			if (flag == '?') {
-				args_free(args);
-				return (NULL);
-			}
-			if (!isalnum(flag)) {
-				xasprintf(cause, "invalid flag -%c", flag);
-				args_free(args);
-				return (NULL);
-			}
-			found = strchr(parse->template, flag);
-			if (found == NULL) {
-				xasprintf(cause, "unknown flag -%c", flag);
-				args_free(args);
-				return (NULL);
-			}
-			if (*++found != ':') {
-				log_debug("%s: -%c", __func__, flag);
-				args_set(args, flag, NULL);
-				continue;
-			}
-			if (*found == ':') {
-				optional_argument = 1;
-				found++;
-			}
-			new = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new);
-			if (*string != '\0') {
-				new->type = ARGS_STRING;
-				new->string = xstrdup(string);
-			} else {
-				if (i == count) {
-					if (optional_argument) {
-						log_debug("%s: -%c", __func__,
-						    flag);
-						args_set(args, flag, NULL);
-						continue;
-					}
-					xasprintf(cause,
-					    "-%c expects an argument",
-					    flag);
-					args_free(args);
-					return (NULL);
-				}
-				if (values[i].type != ARGS_STRING) {
-					xasprintf(cause,
-					    "-%c argument must be a string",
-					    flag);
-					args_free(args);
-					return (NULL);
-				}
-				args_copy_value(new, &values[i++]);
-			}
-			s = args_value_as_string(new);
-			log_debug("%s: -%c = %s", __func__, flag, s);
-			args_set(args, flag, new);
-			break;
+		stop = args_parse_flags(parse, values, count, cause, args, &i);
+		if (stop == -1) {
+			args_free(args);
+			return (NULL);
 		}
+		if (stop == 1)
+			break;
 	}
 	log_debug("%s: flags end at %u of %u", __func__, i, count);
 	if (i != count) {
@@ -218,8 +282,8 @@ args_parse(const struct args_parse *parse, struct args_value *values,
 			value = &values[i];
 
 			s = args_value_as_string(value);
-			log_debug("%s: %u = %s (type %d)", __func__, i, s,
-			    value->type);
+			log_debug("%s: %u = %s (type %s)", __func__, i, s,
+			    args_type_to_string (value->type));
 
 			if (parse->cb != NULL) {
 				type = parse->cb(args, args->count, cause);
@@ -323,13 +387,13 @@ args_copy(struct args *args, int argc, char **argv)
 	RB_FOREACH(entry, args_tree, &args->tree) {
 		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&entry->values)) {
 			for (i = 0; i < entry->count; i++)
-				args_set(new_args, entry->flag, NULL);
+				args_set(new_args, entry->flag, NULL, 0);
 			continue;
 		}
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(value, &entry->values, entry) {
 			new_value = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new_value);
 			args_copy_copy_value(new_value, value, argc, argv);
-			args_set(new_args, entry->flag, new_value);
+			args_set(new_args, entry->flag, new_value, 0);
 		}
 	}
 	if (args->count == 0)
@@ -487,6 +551,7 @@ args_print(struct args *args)
 	char			*buf;
 	u_int			 i, j;
 	struct args_entry	*entry;
+	struct args_entry	*last = NULL;
 	struct args_value	*value;
 
 	len = 1;
@@ -494,6 +559,8 @@ args_print(struct args *args)
 
 	/* Process the flags first. */
 	RB_FOREACH(entry, args_tree, &args->tree) {
+		if (entry->flags & ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE)
+			continue;
 		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&entry->values))
 			continue;
 
@@ -505,6 +572,16 @@ args_print(struct args *args)
 
 	/* Then the flags with arguments. */
 	RB_FOREACH(entry, args_tree, &args->tree) {
+		if (entry->flags & ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE) {
+			if (*buf != '\0')
+				args_print_add(&buf, &len, " -%c", entry->flag);
+			else
+				args_print_add(&buf, &len, "-%c", entry->flag);
+			last = entry;
+			continue;
+		}
+		if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&entry->values))
+			continue;
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(value, &entry->values, entry) {
 			if (*buf != '\0')
 				args_print_add(&buf, &len, " -%c", entry->flag);
@@ -512,7 +589,10 @@ args_print(struct args *args)
 				args_print_add(&buf, &len, "-%c", entry->flag);
 			args_print_add_value(&buf, &len, value);
 		}
+		last = entry;
 	}
+	if (last && (last->flags & ARGS_ENTRY_OPTIONAL_VALUE))
+		args_print_add(&buf, &len, " --");
 
 	/* And finally the argument vector. */
 	for (i = 0; i < args->count; i++)
@@ -582,7 +662,7 @@ args_has(struct args *args, u_char flag)
 
 /* Set argument value in the arguments tree. */
 void
-args_set(struct args *args, u_char flag, struct args_value *value)
+args_set(struct args *args, u_char flag, struct args_value *value, int flags)
 {
 	struct args_entry	*entry;
 
@@ -591,12 +671,15 @@ args_set(struct args *args, u_char flag, struct args_value *value)
 		entry = xcalloc(1, sizeof *entry);
 		entry->flag = flag;
 		entry->count = 1;
+		entry->flags = flags;
 		TAILQ_INIT(&entry->values);
 		RB_INSERT(args_tree, &args->tree, entry);
 	} else
 		entry->count++;
 	if (value != NULL && value->type != ARGS_NONE)
 		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&entry->values, value, entry);
+	else
+		free(value);
 }
 
 /* Get argument value. Will be NULL if it isn't present. */
@@ -696,6 +779,7 @@ args_make_commands_prepare(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
 	struct args_value		*value;
 	struct args_command_state	*state;
 	const char			*cmd;
+	const char			*file;
 
 	state = xcalloc(1, sizeof *state);
 
@@ -722,7 +806,9 @@ args_make_commands_prepare(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
 
 	if (wait)
 		state->pi.item = item;
-	cmd_get_source(self, &state->pi.file, &state->pi.line);
+	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &state->pi.line);
+	if (file != NULL)
+		state->pi.file = xstrdup(file);
 	state->pi.c = tc;
 	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
 		state->pi.c->references++;
@@ -747,6 +833,8 @@ args_make_commands(struct args_command_state *state, int argc, char **argv,
 	}
 
 	cmd = xstrdup(state->cmd);
+	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, cmd);
+	cmd_log_argv(argc, argv, __func__);
 	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
 		new_cmd = cmd_template_replace(cmd, argv[i], i + 1);
 		log_debug("%s: %%%u %s: %s", __func__, i + 1, argv[i], new_cmd);
@@ -775,6 +863,7 @@ args_make_commands_free(struct args_command_state *state)
 		cmd_list_free(state->cmdlist);
 	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
 		server_client_unref(state->pi.c);
+	free((void *)state->pi.file);
 	free(state->cmd);
 	free(state);
 }
@@ -848,6 +937,41 @@ args_strtonum(struct args *args, u_char flag, long long minval,
 	return (ll);
 }
 
+/* Convert an argument value to a number, and expand formats. */
+long long
+args_strtonum_and_expand(struct args *args, u_char flag, long long minval,
+    long long maxval, struct cmdq_item *item, char **cause)
+{
+	const char		*errstr;
+	char			*formatted;
+	long long		 ll;
+	struct args_entry	*entry;
+	struct args_value	*value;
+
+	if ((entry = args_find(args, flag)) == NULL) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("missing");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	value = TAILQ_LAST(&entry->values, args_values);
+	if (value == NULL ||
+	    value->type != ARGS_STRING ||
+	    value->string == NULL) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("missing");
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	formatted = format_single_from_target(item, value->string);
+	ll = strtonum(formatted, minval, maxval, &errstr);
+	free(formatted);
+	if (errstr != NULL) {
+		*cause = xstrdup(errstr);
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	*cause = NULL;
+	return (ll);
+}
+
 /* Convert an argument to a number which may be a percentage. */
 long long
 args_percentage(struct args *args, u_char flag, long long minval,
@@ -860,6 +984,10 @@ args_percentage(struct args *args, u_char flag, long long minval,
 		*cause = xstrdup("missing");
 		return (0);
 	}
+	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&entry->values)) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("empty");
+		return (0);
+	}
 	value = TAILQ_LAST(&entry->values, args_values)->string;
 	return (args_string_percentage(value, minval, maxval, curval, cause));
 }
@@ -874,11 +1002,15 @@ args_string_percentage(const char *value, long long minval, long long maxval,
 	size_t		 valuelen = strlen(value);
 	char		*copy;
 
+	if (valuelen == 0) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("empty");
+		return (0);
+	}
 	if (value[valuelen - 1] == '%') {
 		copy = xstrdup(value);
 		copy[valuelen - 1] = '\0';
 
-		ll = strtonum(copy, 0, 100, &errstr);
+		ll = strtonum(copy, 0, 1000, &errstr);
 		free(copy);
 		if (errstr != NULL) {
 			*cause = xstrdup(errstr);
@@ -904,3 +1036,74 @@ args_string_percentage(const char *value, long long minval, long long maxval,
 	*cause = NULL;
 	return (ll);
 }
+
+/*
+ * Convert an argument to a number which may be a percentage, and expand
+ * formats.
+ */
+long long
+args_percentage_and_expand(struct args *args, u_char flag, long long minval,
+    long long maxval, long long curval, struct cmdq_item *item, char **cause)
+{
+	const char		*value;
+	struct args_entry	*entry;
+
+	if ((entry = args_find(args, flag)) == NULL) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("missing");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&entry->values)) {
+		*cause = xstrdup("empty");
+		return (0);
+	}
+	value = TAILQ_LAST(&entry->values, args_values)->string;
+	return (args_string_percentage_and_expand(value, minval, maxval, curval,
+		    item, cause));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert a string to a number which may be a percentage, and expand formats.
+ */
+long long
+args_string_percentage_and_expand(const char *value, long long minval,
+    long long maxval, long long curval, struct cmdq_item *item, char **cause)
+{
+	const char	*errstr;
+	long long	 ll;
+	size_t		 valuelen = strlen(value);
+	char		*copy, *f;
+
+	if (value[valuelen - 1] == '%') {
+		copy = xstrdup(value);
+		copy[valuelen - 1] = '\0';
+
+		f = format_single_from_target(item, copy);
+		ll = strtonum(f, 0, 1000, &errstr);
+		free(f);
+		free(copy);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			*cause = xstrdup(errstr);
+			return (0);
+		}
+		ll = (curval * ll) / 100;
+		if (ll < minval) {
+			*cause = xstrdup("too small");
+			return (0);
+		}
+		if (ll > maxval) {
+			*cause = xstrdup("too large");
+			return (0);
+		}
+	} else {
+		f = format_single_from_target(item, value);
+		ll = strtonum(f, minval, maxval, &errstr);
+		free(f);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			*cause = xstrdup(errstr);
+			return (0);
+		}
+	}
+
+	*cause = NULL;
+	return (ll);
+}

attributes.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: attributes.c,v 1.13 2026/07/02 08:51:05 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Joshua Elsasser <josh@elsasser.org>
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ attributes_tostring(int attr)
 	if (attr == 0)
 		return ("none");
 
-	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
+	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_CHARSET) ? "acs," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_BRIGHT) ? "bright," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_DIM) ? "dim," : "",
@@ -45,7 +45,8 @@ attributes_tostring(int attr)
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_3) ? "curly-underscore," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_4) ? "dotted-underscore," : "",
 	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_UNDERSCORE_5) ? "dashed-underscore," : "",
-	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_OVERLINE) ? "overline," : "");
+	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_OVERLINE) ? "overline," : "",
+	    (attr & GRID_ATTR_NOATTR) ? "noattr," : "");
 	if (len > 0)
 		buf[len - 1] = '\0';
 

cfg.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cfg.c,v 1.91 2026/08/03 13:38:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -51,13 +51,12 @@ cfg_done(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	cfg_finished = 1;
 
-	if (!RB_EMPTY(&sessions))
-		cfg_show_causes(RB_MIN(sessions, &sessions));
+	cfg_show_causes(NULL);
 
 	if (cfg_item != NULL)
 		cmdq_continue(cfg_item);
 
-	status_prompt_load_history();
+	prompt_load_history();
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
@@ -67,6 +66,7 @@ start_cfg(void)
 {
 	struct client	 *c;
 	u_int		  i;
+	int		  flags = 0;
 
 	/*
 	 * Configuration files are loaded without a client, so commands are run
@@ -84,19 +84,17 @@ start_cfg(void)
 		cmdq_append(c, cfg_item);
 	}
 
-	for (i = 0; i < cfg_nfiles; i++) {
-		if (cfg_quiet)
-			load_cfg(cfg_files[i], c, NULL, CMD_PARSE_QUIET, NULL);
-		else
-			load_cfg(cfg_files[i], c, NULL, 0, NULL);
-	}
+	if (cfg_quiet)
+		flags = CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
+	for (i = 0; i < cfg_nfiles; i++)
+		load_cfg(cfg_files[i], c, NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
 
 	cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_callback(cfg_done, NULL));
 }
 
 int
-load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
-    struct cmdq_item **new_item)
+load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct cmd_find_state *current, int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	FILE			*f;
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
@@ -135,7 +133,7 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
 	}
 
 	if (item != NULL)
-		state = cmdq_copy_state(cmdq_get_state(item));
+		state = cmdq_copy_state(cmdq_get_state(item), current);
 	else
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
@@ -155,8 +153,8 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
 
 int
 load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
-    struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, int flags,
-    struct cmdq_item **new_item)
+    struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_find_state *current,
+    int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
 	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
@@ -187,7 +185,7 @@ load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
 	}
 
 	if (item != NULL)
-		state = cmdq_copy_state(cmdq_get_state(item));
+		state = cmdq_copy_state(cmdq_get_state(item), current);
 	else
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
@@ -223,11 +221,17 @@ cfg_add_cause(const char *fmt, ...)
 void
 cfg_print_causes(struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	u_int	 i;
+	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	u_int		 i;
+	char		*cause;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s", cfg_causes[i]);
-		free(cfg_causes[i]);
+		cause = cfg_causes[i];
+		if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cause);
+		else
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 	}
 
 	free(cfg_causes);
@@ -238,22 +242,44 @@ cfg_print_causes(struct cmdq_item *item)
 void
 cfg_show_causes(struct session *s)
 {
+	struct client			*c = TAILQ_FIRST(&clients);
 	struct window_pane		*wp;
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
 	u_int				 i;
+	char				*cause;
 
-	if (s == NULL || cfg_ncauses == 0)
+	if (cfg_ncauses == 0)
+		return;
+
+	if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
+		for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
+			cause = cfg_causes[i];
+			control_notify_write(c, "%%config-error %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+		}
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (s == NULL) {
+		if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL)
+			s = c->session;
+		else
+			s = RB_MIN(sessions, &sessions);
+	}
+	if (s == NULL || s->attached == 0) /* wait for an attached session */
 		return;
 	wp = s->curw->window->active;
 
 	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_view_mode)
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_ncauses; i++) {
 		window_copy_add(wp, 0, "%s", cfg_causes[i]);
 		free(cfg_causes[i]);
 	}
 
+out:
 	free(cfg_causes);
 	cfg_causes = NULL;
 	cfg_ncauses = 0;

client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: client.c,v 1.167 2026/08/17 07:56:56 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -239,15 +239,11 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 	pid_t			 ppid;
 	enum msgtype		 msg;
 	struct termios		 tio, saved_tio;
-	size_t			 size, linesize = 0;
-	ssize_t			 linelen;
-	char			*line = NULL, **caps = NULL, *cause;
+	size_t			 size;
+	char			**caps = NULL, *cause;
 	u_int			 ncaps = 0;
 	struct args_value	*values;
 
-	/* Ignore SIGCHLD now or daemon() in the server will leave a zombie. */
-	signal(SIGCHLD, SIG_IGN);
-
 	/* Set up the initial command. */
 	if (shell_command != NULL) {
 		msg = MSG_SHELL;
@@ -280,10 +276,16 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 	proc_set_signals(client_proc, client_signal);
 
 	/* Save the flags. */
-	client_flags = flags;
+	client_flags = flags|CLIENT_WRITE_ACK;
 	log_debug("flags are %#llx", (unsigned long long)client_flags);
 
 	/* Initialize the client socket and start the server. */
+#ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
+	if (systemd_activated()) {
+		/* socket-based activation, do not even try to be a client. */
+		fd = server_start(client_proc, flags, base, 0, NULL);
+	} else
+#endif
 	fd = client_connect(base, socket_path, client_flags);
 	if (fd == -1) {
 		if (errno == ECONNREFUSED) {
@@ -404,11 +406,6 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		client_exec(client_execshell, client_execcmd);
 	}
 
-	/* Restore streams to blocking. */
-	setblocking(STDIN_FILENO, 1);
-	setblocking(STDOUT_FILENO, 1);
-	setblocking(STDERR_FILENO, 1);
-
 	/* Print the exit message, if any, and exit. */
 	if (client_attached) {
 		if (client_exitreason != CLIENT_EXIT_NONE)
@@ -423,15 +420,8 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		else
 			printf("%%exit\n");
 		fflush(stdout);
-		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_WAITEXIT) {
-			setvbuf(stdin, NULL, _IOLBF, 0);
-			for (;;) {
-				linelen = getline(&line, &linesize, stdin);
-				if (linelen <= 1)
-					break;
-			}
-			free(line);
-		}
+		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_WAITEXIT)
+			control_wait_exit(STDIN_FILENO);
 		if (client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROLCONTROL) {
 			printf("\033\\");
 			fflush(stdout);
@@ -439,6 +429,12 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		}
 	} else if (client_exitreason != CLIENT_EXIT_NONE)
 		fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", client_exit_message());
+
+	/* Restore the streams to blocking. */
+	setblocking(STDIN_FILENO, 1);
+	setblocking(STDOUT_FILENO, 1);
+	setblocking(STDERR_FILENO, 1);
+
 	return (client_exitval);
 }
 
@@ -449,11 +445,12 @@ client_send_identify(const char *ttynam, const char *termname, char **caps,
 {
 	char	**ss;
 	size_t	  sslen;
-	int	  fd, flags = client_flags;
+	int	  fd;
+	uint64_t  flags = client_flags;
 	pid_t	  pid;
 	u_int	  i;
 
-	proc_send(client_peer, MSG_IDENTIFY_FLAGS, -1, &flags, sizeof flags);
+	proc_send(client_peer, MSG_IDENTIFY_LONGFLAGS, -1, &flags, sizeof flags);
 	proc_send(client_peer, MSG_IDENTIFY_LONGFLAGS, -1, &client_flags,
 	    sizeof client_flags);
 
@@ -494,20 +491,10 @@ client_send_identify(const char *ttynam, const char *termname, char **caps,
 static __dead void
 client_exec(const char *shell, const char *shellcmd)
 {
-	const char	*name, *ptr;
-	char		*argv0;
+	char	*argv0;
 
 	log_debug("shell %s, command %s", shell, shellcmd);
-
-	ptr = strrchr(shell, '/');
-	if (ptr != NULL && *(ptr + 1) != '\0')
-		name = ptr + 1;
-	else
-		name = shell;
-	if (client_flags & CLIENT_LOGIN)
-		xasprintf(&argv0, "-%s", name);
-	else
-		xasprintf(&argv0, "%s", name);
+	argv0 = shell_argv0(shell, !!(client_flags & CLIENT_LOGIN));
 	setenv("SHELL", shell, 1);
 
 	proc_clear_signals(client_proc, 1);
@@ -527,11 +514,22 @@ client_signal(int sig)
 {
 	struct sigaction sigact;
 	int		 status;
+	pid_t		 pid;
 
 	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, strsignal(sig));
-	if (sig == SIGCHLD)
-		waitpid(WAIT_ANY, &status, WNOHANG);
-	else if (!client_attached) {
+	if (sig == SIGCHLD) {
+		for (;;) {
+			pid = waitpid(WAIT_ANY, &status, WNOHANG);
+			if (pid == 0)
+				break;
+			if (pid == -1) {
+				if (errno == ECHILD)
+					break;
+				log_debug("waitpid failed: %s",
+				    strerror(errno));
+			}
+		}
+	} else if (!client_attached) {
 		if (sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGHUP)
 			proc_exit(client_proc);
 	} else {
@@ -694,6 +692,9 @@ client_dispatch_wait(struct imsg *imsg)
 		    !(client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL), client_file_check_cb,
 		    NULL);
 		break;
+	case MSG_READ_CANCEL:
+		file_read_cancel(&client_files, imsg);
+		break;
 	case MSG_WRITE_OPEN:
 		file_write_open(&client_files, client_peer, imsg, 1,
 		    !(client_flags & CLIENT_CONTROL), client_file_check_cb,

cmd-attach-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-attach-session.c,v 1.91 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -61,6 +61,7 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	char			*cwd, *cause;
 	enum msgtype		 msgtype;
+	uid_t			 uid;
 
 	if (RB_EMPTY(&sessions)) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "no sessions");
@@ -106,8 +107,16 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 	}
 	if (fflag)
 		server_client_set_flags(c, fflag);
-	if (rflag)
+	if (rflag) {
+		if (c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+			uid = proc_get_peer_uid(c->peer);
+			if (uid != getuid()) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		}
 		c->flags |= (CLIENT_READONLY|CLIENT_IGNORESIZE);
+	}
 
 	c->last_session = c->session;
 	if (c->session != NULL) {
@@ -154,10 +163,13 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 
 		if (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
 			proc_send(c->peer, MSG_READY, -1, NULL, 0);
-		notify_client("client-attached", c);
+		events_fire_client("client-attached", c);
 		c->flags |= CLIENT_ATTACHED;
 	}
 
+	if (cfg_finished)
+		cfg_show_causes(s);
+
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 

cmd-bind-key.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-bind-key.c,v 1.47 2025/04/09 07:03:04 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_bind_key_entry = {
 
 	.args = { "nrN:T:", 1, -1, cmd_bind_key_args_parse },
 	.usage = "[-nr] [-T key-table] [-N note] key "
-	         "[command [arguments]]",
+	         "[command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_bind_key_exec

cmd-break-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-break-pane.c,v 1.76 2026/08/17 07:04:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_break_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "break-pane",
 	.alias = "breakp",
 
-	.args = { "abdPF:n:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-abdP] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] "
-		 "[-t dst-window]",
+	.args = { "abdPF:n:s:t:Wx:X:y:Y:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-abdPW] [-F format] [-n window-name] [-s src-pane] "
+		 "[-t dst-window] [-x width] [-y height] [-X x-position] "
+		 "[-Y y-position]",
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_WINDOW_INDEX },
@@ -45,6 +46,46 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_break_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_break_pane_exec
 };
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_break_pane_float(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
+    struct window *w, struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines = window_get_pane_lines(w);
+	struct layout_geometry	*fg = &lc->fg;
+
+	if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is already floating");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "can't float a pane while window is zoomed");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (layout_floating_args_parse(item, args, lines, w, fg, &cause) != 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "failed to float pane: %s", cause);
+		free(cause);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	layout_remove_tile(w, lc);
+	layout_set_size(lc, fg->sx, fg->sy, fg->xoff, fg->yoff);
+
+	lc->flags |= LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+		window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+	layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -57,10 +98,23 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*src_s = source->s;
 	struct session		*dst_s = target->s;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = source->wp;
-	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	char			*name, *cause, *cp;
-	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	const char		*template;
+	struct window		*w = wl->window, *old_w = w;
+	char			*cause, *cp;
+	int			 idx = target->idx, before, old_idx = wl->idx;
+	const char		*template, *name = args_get(args, 'n');
+
+	if (wp == w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'W'))
+		return (cmd_break_pane_float(item, args, w, wp));
+
+	if (name != NULL && !check_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	before = args_has(args, 'b');
 	if (args_has(args, 'a') || before) {
@@ -73,19 +127,23 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	server_unzoom_window(w);
 
-	if (window_count_panes(w) == 1) {
+	if (window_count_panes(w, 1) == 1) {
 		if (server_link_window(src_s, wl, dst_s, idx, 0,
 		    !args_has(args, 'd'), &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		if (args_has(args, 'n')) {
-			window_set_name(w, args_get(args, 'n'));
+		if (name != NULL) {
+			window_set_name(w, name, 0);
 			options_set_number(w->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
 		}
 		server_unlink_window(src_s, wl);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		wl = winlink_find_by_window(&dst_s->windows, w);
+		if (wl == NULL)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		window_fire_pane_moved(wp, old_w, old_idx, w, wl->idx);
+		goto out;
 	}
 	if (idx != -1 && winlink_find_by_index(&dst_s->windows, idx) != NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "index in use: %d", idx);
@@ -93,32 +151,40 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 	server_client_remove_pane(wp);
 	window_lost_pane(w, wp);
 	layout_close_pane(wp);
 
 	w = wp->window = window_create(w->sx, w->sy, w->xpixel, w->ypixel);
+	window_add_ref(w, __func__);
 	options_set_parent(wp->options, w->options);
-	wp->flags |= PANE_STYLECHANGED;
+	wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
 	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->panes, wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 	w->active = wp;
 	w->latest = tc;
 
-	if (!args_has(args, 'n')) {
-		name = default_window_name(w);
-		window_set_name(w, name);
-		free(name);
-	} else {
-		window_set_name(w, args_get(args, 'n'));
+	free(w->name);
+	if (name == NULL)
+		w->name = default_window_name(w);
+	else {
+		w->name = clean_name(name, 0);
 		options_set_number(w->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
 	}
-
-	layout_init(w, wp);
-	wp->flags |= PANE_CHANGED;
+	window_set_fill_cells(w);
 
 	if (idx == -1)
 		idx = -1 - options_get_number(dst_s->options, "base-index");
 	wl = session_attach(dst_s, w, idx, &cause); /* can't fail */
+
+	layout_init(w, wp);
+	wp->flags |= PANE_CHANGED;
+	colour_palette_from_option(&wp->palette, wp->options);
+
+	window_remove_ref(w, __func__);
+	events_fire_window("window-created", w);
+	window_fire_pane_moved(wp, old_w, old_idx, w, wl->idx);
 	if (!args_has(args, 'd')) {
 		session_select(dst_s, wl->idx);
 		cmd_find_from_session(current, dst_s, 0);
@@ -131,6 +197,7 @@ cmd_break_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (src_s != dst_s)
 		server_status_session_group(dst_s);
 
+out:
 	if (args_has(args, 'P')) {
 		if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 			template = BREAK_PANE_TEMPLATE;

cmd-capture-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-capture-pane.c,v 1.68 2026/07/20 11:16:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Jonathan Alvarado <radobobo@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -29,18 +29,21 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_capture_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static char	*cmd_capture_pane_append(char *, size_t *, char *, size_t);
+static char	*cmd_capture_pane_append(char *, size_t *, const char *,
+		     size_t);
 static char	*cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *, struct window_pane *,
 		     size_t *);
 static char	*cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *, struct cmdq_item *,
 		     struct window_pane *, size_t *);
+static char	*cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(struct grid *, struct screen *,
+		     u_int, u_int *, u_int *, size_t *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_capture_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "capture-pane",
 	.alias = "capturep",
 
-	.args = { "ab:CeE:JNpPqS:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aCeJNpPq] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
+	.args = { "ab:CeE:FHJLMNpPqRS:Tt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCeFHJLMNpPqRT] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
 		 "[-S start-line] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -53,8 +56,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_clear_history_entry = {
 	.name = "clear-history",
 	.alias = "clearhist",
 
-	.args = { "t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "Ht:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-H] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -63,7 +66,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_clear_history_entry = {
 };
 
 static char *
-cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, char *line, size_t linelen)
+cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, const char *line,
+    size_t linelen)
 {
 	buf = xrealloc(buf, *len + linelen + 1);
 	memcpy(buf + *len, line, linelen);
@@ -71,6 +75,108 @@ cmd_capture_pane_append(char *buf, size_t *len, char *line, size_t linelen)
 	return (buf);
 }
 
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_cell(struct screen *s, u_int xx, u_int yy)
+{
+	struct grid		*gd = s->grid;
+	struct hyperlinks	*hl = s->hyperlinks;
+	struct grid_cell	 gc;
+	char			*line, *data, *link, *linkid, *f, *b, *u;
+	char			 c[UTF8_SIZE + 1];
+	const char		*uri, *iid;
+	u_int			 flags;
+
+	grid_get_cell(gd, xx, yy, &gc);
+
+	memcpy(c, gc.data.data, gc.data.size);
+	c[gc.data.size] = '\0';
+	utf8_stravis(&data, c, VIS_OCTAL|VIS_CSTYLE|VIS_TAB|VIS_NL);
+
+	if (gc.link != 0 && hyperlinks_get(hl, gc.link, &uri, &iid, NULL)) {
+		xasprintf(&link, "%s", uri);
+		if (iid != NULL && *iid != '\0')
+			xasprintf(&linkid, "%s", iid);
+		else
+			xasprintf(&linkid, "NONE");
+	} else {
+		xasprintf(&link, "NONE");
+		xasprintf(&linkid, "NONE");
+	}
+
+	flags = gc.flags;
+	if (gc.fg & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		flags |= GRID_FLAG_FG256;
+	if (gc.bg & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		flags |= GRID_FLAG_BG256;
+
+	xasprintf(&f, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.fg), gc.fg);
+	xasprintf(&b, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.bg), gc.bg);
+	xasprintf(&u, "%s[%x]", colour_tostring(gc.us), gc.us);
+
+	xasprintf(&line, "\t\tC %u,%u data=(%u,%u,%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+	    "attr=%s[%x] fg=%s bg=%s us=%s link=%s linkid=%s\n",
+	    yy, xx, gc.data.width, gc.data.size, data,
+	    grid_cell_flags_string(flags), flags,
+	    grid_cell_attr_string(gc.attr), gc.attr, f, b, u, link, linkid);
+
+	free(f);
+	free(b);
+	free(u);
+	free(link);
+	free(linkid);
+	free(data);
+	return (line);
+}
+
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_grid(struct window_pane *wp, size_t *len)
+{
+	struct screen		*s = &wp->base;
+	struct grid		*gd = s->grid;
+	struct grid_line	*gl;
+	struct osc133_data	*od;
+	char			*buf = xstrdup(""), *line;
+	char			 p[11];
+	u_int			 yy, xx, total = gd->hsize + gd->sy;
+
+	xasprintf(&line, "G %ux%u (%u/%u)\n", gd->sx, gd->sy, gd->hsize,
+	    gd->hlimit);
+	buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, strlen(line));
+	free(line);
+
+	for (yy = 0; yy < total; yy++) {
+		gl = grid_get_line(gd, yy);
+		if (yy < gd->hsize)
+			snprintf(p, sizeof p, "-");
+		else
+			snprintf(p, sizeof p, "%u", yy - gd->hsize);
+		od = &gl->osc133_data;
+		if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_OSC133_FLAGS) {
+			xasprintf(&line, "\tL %u (%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+			    "%u/%u osc133=%u,%u,%u,%u,%u\n", yy, p,
+			    grid_line_flags_string(gl->flags), gl->flags,
+			    gl->cellused, gl->cellsize, od->prompt_col,
+			    od->cmd_col, od->out_start_col,
+			    od->out_end_col, od->exit_status);
+		} else {
+			xasprintf(&line, "\tL %u (%s) flags=%s[%x] "
+			    "%u/%u\n", yy, p,
+			    grid_line_flags_string(gl->flags), gl->flags,
+			    gl->cellused, gl->cellsize);
+		}
+		buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, strlen(line));
+		free(line);
+
+		for (xx = 0; xx < gd->sx; xx++) {
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_cell(s, xx, yy);
+			buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line,
+			    strlen(line));
+			free(line);
+		}
+	}
+	return (buf);
+}
+
 static char *
 cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *args, struct window_pane *wp,
     size_t *len)
@@ -103,18 +209,62 @@ cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *args, struct window_pane *wp,
 	return (buf);
 }
 
+static char *
+cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(struct grid *gd, struct screen *s, u_int py,
+    u_int *links, u_int *nlinks, size_t *len)
+{
+	const struct grid_line	*gl = grid_peek_line(gd, py);
+	struct grid_cell	 gc;
+	const char		*uri;
+	char			*line = xstrdup("");
+	u_int			 i, j;
+
+	*len = 0;
+
+	if (s->hyperlinks == NULL || (~gl->flags & GRID_LINE_HYPERLINK))
+		return (line);
+
+	for (i = 0; i < gl->cellused; i++) {
+		grid_get_cell(gd, i, py, &gc);
+		if (gc.link == 0)
+			continue;
+		for (j = 0; j < *nlinks; j++) {
+			if (links[j] == gc.link)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (j != *nlinks)
+			continue;
+
+		if (!hyperlinks_get(s->hyperlinks, gc.link, &uri, NULL, NULL))
+			continue;
+
+		if (*nlinks == gd->sx)
+			break;
+		links[(*nlinks)++] = gc.link;
+
+		if (*len != 0)
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_append(line, len, " ", 1);
+		line = cmd_capture_pane_append(line, len, uri, strlen(uri));
+	}
+	return (line);
+}
+
 static char *
 cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct window_pane *wp, size_t *len)
 {
-	struct grid		*gd;
-	const struct grid_line	*gl;
-	struct grid_cell	*gc = NULL;
-	int			 n, with_codes, escape_c0, join_lines, no_trim;
-	u_int			 i, sx, top, bottom, tmp;
-	char			*cause, *buf, *line;
-	const char		*Sflag, *Eflag;
-	size_t			 linelen;
+	struct grid			*gd;
+	const struct grid_line		*gl;
+	struct screen			*s;
+	struct grid_cell		*gc = NULL;
+	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
+	int				 n, join_lines, number_lines, flags = 0;
+	int				 show_flags, hyperlinks;
+	u_int				*links = NULL, nlinks = 0;
+	u_int				 i, sx, top, bottom, tmp;
+	char				*cause, *buf = NULL, *line, b[64], *cp;
+	const char			*Sflag, *Eflag;
+	size_t				 linelen;
 
 	sx = screen_size_x(&wp->base);
 	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
@@ -126,18 +276,31 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 			}
 			return (xstrdup(""));
 		}
-	} else
+		s = &wp->base;
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'M')) {
+		wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
+		if (wme != NULL && wme->mode->get_screen != NULL) {
+			s = wme->mode->get_screen (wme);
+			gd = s->grid;
+		} else {
+			s = &wp->base;
+			gd = wp->base.grid;
+		}
+	} else {
+		s = &wp->base;
 		gd = wp->base.grid;
+	}
 
 	Sflag = args_get(args, 'S');
 	if (Sflag != NULL && strcmp(Sflag, "-") == 0)
 		top = 0;
 	else {
-		n = args_strtonum(args, 'S', INT_MIN, SHRT_MAX, &cause);
+		n = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'S', INT_MIN, SHRT_MAX,
+			item, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			top = gd->hsize;
 			free(cause);
-		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int) -n > gd->hsize)
+		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int)-n > gd->hsize)
 			top = 0;
 		else
 			top = gd->hsize + n;
@@ -149,11 +312,12 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	if (Eflag != NULL && strcmp(Eflag, "-") == 0)
 		bottom = gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1;
 	else {
-		n = args_strtonum(args, 'E', INT_MIN, SHRT_MAX, &cause);
+		n = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'E', INT_MIN, SHRT_MAX,
+			item, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			bottom = gd->hsize + gd->sy - 1;
 			free(cause);
-		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int) -n > gd->hsize)
+		} else if (n < 0 && (u_int)-n > gd->hsize)
 			bottom = 0;
 		else
 			bottom = gd->hsize + n;
@@ -167,17 +331,66 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		top = tmp;
 	}
 
-	with_codes = args_has(args, 'e');
-	escape_c0 = args_has(args, 'C');
 	join_lines = args_has(args, 'J');
-	no_trim = args_has(args, 'N');
+	if (args_has(args, 'e'))
+		flags |= GRID_STRING_WITH_SEQUENCES;
+	if (args_has(args, 'C'))
+		flags |= GRID_STRING_ESCAPE_SEQUENCES;
+	if (!join_lines && !args_has(args, 'T'))
+		flags |= GRID_STRING_EMPTY_CELLS;
+	if (!join_lines && !args_has(args, 'N'))
+		flags |= GRID_STRING_TRIM_SPACES;
+	number_lines = args_has(args, 'L');
+	show_flags = args_has(args, 'F');
+	hyperlinks = args_has(args, 'H');
+	if (hyperlinks)
+		links = xreallocarray(NULL, gd->sx, sizeof *links);
 
-	buf = NULL;
 	for (i = top; i <= bottom; i++) {
-		line = grid_string_cells(gd, 0, i, sx, &gc, with_codes,
-		    escape_c0, !join_lines && !no_trim);
-		linelen = strlen(line);
+		if (hyperlinks) {
+			line = cmd_capture_pane_hyperlinks(gd, s, i, links,
+			    &nlinks, &linelen);
+		} else {
+			line = grid_string_cells(gd, 0, i, sx, &gc, flags, s);
+			linelen = strlen(line);
+		}
+		if (hyperlinks && linelen == 0) {
+			free(line);
+			continue;
+		}
 
+		if (number_lines) {
+			if (i >= gd->hsize)
+				n = i - gd->hsize;
+			else
+				n = (int)i - (int)gd->hsize;
+			n = snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%d ", n);
+			if (n >= 0)
+				buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, n);
+		}
+		if (show_flags) {
+			cp = b;
+			*cp = '\0';
+
+			gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_DEAD)
+				*cp++ = 'D';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_HYPERLINK)
+				*cp++ = 'H';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_START_OUTPUT)
+				*cp++ = 'O';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_START_PROMPT)
+				*cp++ = 'P';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED)
+				*cp++ = 'W';
+			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_EXTENDED)
+				*cp++ = 'X';
+			if (b == cp)
+				*cp++ = '-';
+			*cp++ = ' ';
+			*cp = '\0';
+			buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, strlen (b));
+		}
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, linelen);
 
 		gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
@@ -186,6 +399,9 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 
 		free(line);
 	}
+	free(links);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		buf = xstrdup("");
 	return (buf);
 }
 
@@ -202,11 +418,16 @@ cmd_capture_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_clear_history_entry) {
 		window_pane_reset_mode_all(wp);
 		grid_clear_history(wp->base.grid);
+		if (args_has(args, 'H'))
+			screen_reset_hyperlinks(wp->screen);
+		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	len = 0;
-	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
+	if (args_has(args, 'R'))
+		buf = cmd_capture_pane_grid(wp, &len);
+	else if (args_has(args, 'P') && !args_has(args, 'H'))
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_pending(args, wp, &len);
 	else
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_history(args, item, wp, &len);
@@ -226,8 +447,8 @@ cmd_capture_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			}
 			file_print_buffer(c, buf, len);
 			file_print(c, "\n");
-			free(buf);
 		}
+		free(buf);
 	} else {
 		bufname = NULL;
 		if (args_has(args, 'b'))

cmd-choose-tree.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-choose-tree.c,v 1.58 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Thomas Adam <thomas@xteddy.org>
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_tree_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-tree",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:GK:NO:rst:wZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-GNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:GhK:kNO:rst:wyZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-GhkNrswZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_client_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-client",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:K:NO:rt:Z", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:hiK:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-hikNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -61,8 +61,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_choose_buffer_entry = {
 	.name = "choose-buffer",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:K:NO:rt:Z", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-NrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
+	.args = { "F:f:K:kNO:rt:yZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kNrZ] [-F format] [-f filter] [-K key-format] "
 		 "[-O sort-order] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -75,8 +75,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_customize_mode_entry = {
 	.name = "customize-mode",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "F:f:Nt:Z", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-NZ] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "F:f:kNt:yZ", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-kNZ] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -84,6 +84,34 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_customize_mode_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
 };
 
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_mode_entry = {
+	.name = "switch-mode",
+	.alias = NULL,
+
+	.args = { "F:kst:wZ", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kswZ] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [command]",
+
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = 0,
+	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
+};
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_panes_entry = {
+	.name = "display-panes",
+	.alias = "displayp",
+
+	.args = { "d:kNs:t:Z", 0, 1, cmd_choose_tree_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-kNZ] [-d duration] [-s source-window] "
+		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [template]",
+
+	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.exec = cmd_choose_tree_exec
+};
+
 static enum args_parse_type
 cmd_choose_tree_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, __unused u_int idx,
     __unused char **cause)
@@ -98,9 +126,16 @@ cmd_choose_tree_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	const struct window_mode	*mode;
+	enum sort_order			 order;
+
+	order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_choose_buffer_entry) {
-		if (paste_get_top(NULL) == NULL)
+		if (paste_is_empty())
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		mode = &window_buffer_mode;
 	} else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_choose_client_entry) {
@@ -109,9 +144,13 @@ cmd_choose_tree_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		mode = &window_client_mode;
 	} else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_customize_mode_entry)
 		mode = &window_customize_mode;
+	else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_switch_mode_entry)
+		mode = &window_switch_mode;
+	else if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_display_panes_entry)
+		mode = &window_panes_mode;
 	else
 		mode = &window_tree_mode;
 
-	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, mode, target, args);
+	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, mode, item, target, args);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-command-prompt.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-command-prompt.c,v 1.75 2026/06/25 11:39:11 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,17 +34,17 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_command_prompt_args_parse(struct args *,
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static int	cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *, void *,
-		    const char *, int);
+static enum prompt_result cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *, void *,
+		    const char *, enum prompt_key_result);
 static void	cmd_command_prompt_free(void *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_command_prompt_entry = {
 	.name = "command-prompt",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "1bFkiI:Np:t:T:", 0, 1, cmd_command_prompt_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-1bFkiN] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
-		 " [-T type] [template]",
+	.args = { "1CbeFiklI:NPp:t:T:", 0, 1, cmd_command_prompt_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-1CbeFiklNP] [-I inputs] [-p prompts] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
+		 " [-T prompt-type] [template]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
 	.exec = cmd_command_prompt_exec
@@ -62,6 +62,8 @@ struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata {
 	int				  flags;
 	enum prompt_type		  prompt_type;
 
+	struct window_pane		 *wp;
+
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt *prompts;
 	u_int				  count;
 	u_int				  current;
@@ -84,13 +86,18 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	const char			*type, *s, *input;
-	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata	*cdata;
+	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata *cdata;
 	char				*tmp, *prompts, *prompt, *next_prompt;
 	char				*inputs = NULL, *next_input;
+	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), space = 1;
+	int				 pane = args_has(args, 'P');
 
-	if (tc->prompt_string != NULL)
+	if (pane) {
+		if (wp == NULL || window_pane_has_prompt(wp))
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	} else if (tc->prompt != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	if (args_has(args, 'i'))
 		wait = 0;
@@ -98,6 +105,8 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	if (wait)
 		cdata->item = item;
+	if (pane)
+		cdata->wp = wp;
 	cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, "%1", wait,
 	    args_has(args, 'F'));
 
@@ -117,32 +126,39 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		next_input = inputs = xstrdup(s);
 	else
 		next_input = NULL;
-	while ((prompt = strsep(&next_prompt, ",")) != NULL) {
-		cdata->prompts = xreallocarray(cdata->prompts, cdata->count + 1,
-		    sizeof *cdata->prompts);
-		if (!space)
-			tmp = xstrdup(prompt);
-		else
-			xasprintf(&tmp, "%s ", prompt);
-		cdata->prompts[cdata->count].prompt = tmp;
+	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
+		cdata->prompts = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata->prompts);
+		cdata->prompts[0].prompt = prompts;
+		cdata->prompts[0].input = inputs;
+		cdata->count = 1;
+	} else {
+		while ((prompt = strsep(&next_prompt, ",")) != NULL) {
+			cdata->prompts = xreallocarray(cdata->prompts,
+			    cdata->count + 1, sizeof *cdata->prompts);
+			if (!space)
+				tmp = xstrdup(prompt);
+			else
+				xasprintf(&tmp, "%s ", prompt);
+			cdata->prompts[cdata->count].prompt = tmp;
 
-		if (next_input != NULL) {
-			input = strsep(&next_input, ",");
-			if (input == NULL)
+			if (next_input != NULL) {
+				input = strsep(&next_input, ",");
+				if (input == NULL)
+					input = "";
+			} else
 				input = "";
-		} else
-			input = "";
-		cdata->prompts[cdata->count].input = xstrdup(input);
-
-		cdata->count++;
+			cdata->prompts[cdata->count].input = xstrdup(input);
+			cdata->count++;
+		}
+		free(inputs);
+		free(prompts);
 	}
-	free(inputs);
-	free(prompts);
 
 	if ((type = args_get(args, 'T')) != NULL) {
-		cdata->prompt_type = status_prompt_type(type);
+		cdata->prompt_type = prompt_type(type);
 		if (cdata->prompt_type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "unknown type: %s", type);
+			cmd_command_prompt_free(cdata);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 	} else
@@ -156,18 +172,31 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_INCREMENTAL;
 	else if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_KEY;
-	status_prompt_set(tc, target, cdata->prompts[0].prompt,
-	    cdata->prompts[0].input, cmd_command_prompt_callback,
-	    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags, cdata->prompt_type);
+	else if (args_has(args, 'e'))
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_BSPACE_EXIT;
+	if (args_has(args, 'C'))
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_NOFREEZE;
+	if (pane) {
+		cdata->flags |= PROMPT_ISPANE;
+		window_pane_set_prompt(wp, tc, target, cdata->prompts[0].prompt,
+		    cdata->prompts[0].input, cmd_command_prompt_callback,
+		    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags,
+		    cdata->prompt_type);
+	} else {
+		status_prompt_set(tc, target, cdata->prompts[0].prompt,
+		    cdata->prompts[0].input, cmd_command_prompt_callback,
+		    cmd_command_prompt_free, cdata, cdata->flags,
+		    cdata->prompt_type);
+	}
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 }
 
-static int
+static enum prompt_result
 cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
-    int done)
+    enum prompt_key_result key)
 {
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata		 *cdata = data;
 	char					 *error;
@@ -177,24 +206,31 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	int					  argc = 0;
 	char					**argv = NULL;
 
-	if (s == NULL)
+	if (s == NULL || key == PROMPT_KEY_MOVE)
 		goto out;
-	if (done) {
+
+	if (key == PROMPT_KEY_CLOSE) {
 		if (cdata->flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL)
 			goto out;
-
 		cmd_append_argv(&cdata->argc, &cdata->argv, s);
 		if (++cdata->current != cdata->count) {
 			prompt = &cdata->prompts[cdata->current];
-			status_prompt_update(c, prompt->prompt, prompt->input);
-			return (1);
+			if (cdata->wp != NULL) {
+				window_pane_update_prompt(cdata->wp,
+				    prompt->prompt, prompt->input);
+			} else
+				status_prompt_update(c, prompt->prompt,
+				    prompt->input);
+			return (PROMPT_CONTINUE);
 		}
 	}
 
 	argc = cdata->argc;
 	argv = cmd_copy_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
-	cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, s);
-	if (done) {
+	if (key != PROMPT_KEY_CLOSE)
+		cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, s);
+	else {
+		cmd_free_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
 		cdata->argc = argc;
 		cdata->argv = cmd_copy_argv(argc, argv);
 	}
@@ -212,21 +248,33 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	}
 	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 
-	if (c->prompt_inputcb != cmd_command_prompt_callback)
-		return (1);
+	/*
+	 * An incremental prompt fires its callback on every edit but must stay
+	 * open for further typing; only an explicit close (handled above) ends
+	 * it.
+	 */
+	if (cdata->flags & PROMPT_INCREMENTAL)
+		return (PROMPT_CONTINUE);
 
 out:
-	if (item != NULL)
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		cdata->item = NULL;
 		cmdq_continue(item);
-	return (0);
+	}
+	return (PROMPT_CLOSE);
 }
 
 static void
 cmd_command_prompt_free(void *data)
 {
-	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata	*cdata = data;
+	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata *cdata = data;
 	u_int				 i;
 
+	if (cdata->item != NULL) {
+		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
+		cdata->item = NULL;
+	}
+
 	for (i = 0; i < cdata->count; i++) {
 		free(cdata->prompts[i].prompt);
 		free(cdata->prompts[i].input);

cmd-confirm-before.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-confirm-before.c,v 1.61 2026/06/24 10:55:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -33,16 +33,17 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_confirm_before_args_parse(struct args *,
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static int	cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *, void *,
-		    const char *, int);
+static enum prompt_result cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *, void *,
+		    const char *, enum prompt_key_result);
 static void	cmd_confirm_before_free(void *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_confirm_before_entry = {
 	.name = "confirm-before",
 	.alias = "confirm",
 
-	.args = { "bp:t:", 1, 1, cmd_confirm_before_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-b] [-p prompt] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " command",
+	.args = { "bc:p:t:y", 1, 1, cmd_confirm_before_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-by] [-c confirm-key] [-p prompt] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
+		 " command",
 
 	.flags = CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
 	.exec = cmd_confirm_before_exec
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_confirm_before_entry = {
 struct cmd_confirm_before_data {
 	struct cmdq_item	*item;
 	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
+	u_char			 confirm_key;
+	int			 default_yes;
 };
 
 static enum args_parse_type
@@ -68,22 +71,41 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	char				*new_prompt;
-	const char			*prompt, *cmd;
+	const char			*confirm_key, *prompt, *cmd;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	cdata->cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 0, 1);
-	if (cdata->cmdlist == NULL)
+	if (cdata->cmdlist == NULL) {
+		free(cdata);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (wait)
 		cdata->item = item;
 
+	cdata->default_yes = args_has(args, 'y');
+	if ((confirm_key = args_get(args, 'c')) != NULL) {
+		if (confirm_key[1] == '\0' &&
+		    confirm_key[0] > 31 &&
+		    confirm_key[0] < 127)
+			cdata->confirm_key = confirm_key[0];
+		else {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid confirm key");
+			cmd_list_free(cdata->cmdlist);
+			free(cdata);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+	else
+		cdata->confirm_key = 'y';
+
 	if ((prompt = args_get(args, 'p')) != NULL)
 		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "%s ", prompt);
 	else {
 		cmd = cmd_get_entry(cmd_list_first(cdata->cmdlist))->name;
-		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%s'? (y/n) ", cmd);
+		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%s'? (%c/n) ", cmd,
+		    cdata->confirm_key);
 	}
 
 	status_prompt_set(tc, target, new_prompt, NULL,
@@ -96,9 +118,9 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 }
 
-static int
+static enum prompt_result
 cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
-    __unused int done)
+    __unused enum prompt_key_result key)
 {
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata = data;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
@@ -107,9 +129,9 @@ cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	if (c->flags & CLIENT_DEAD)
 		goto out;
 
-	if (s == NULL || *s == '\0')
+	if (s == NULL)
 		goto out;
-	if (tolower((u_char)s[0]) != 'y' || s[1] != '\0')
+	if (s[0] != cdata->confirm_key && (s[0] != '\r' || !cdata->default_yes))
 		goto out;
 	retcode = 0;
 
@@ -123,13 +145,13 @@ cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	}
 
 out:
-        if (item != NULL) {
-                if (cmdq_get_client(item) != NULL &&
-                    cmdq_get_client(item)->session == NULL)
-                        cmdq_get_client(item)->retval = retcode;
-                cmdq_continue(item);
-        }
-	return (0);
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		if (cmdq_get_client(item) != NULL &&
+		    cmdq_get_client(item)->session == NULL)
+			cmdq_get_client(item)->retval = retcode;
+		cmdq_continue(item);
+	}
+	return (PROMPT_CLOSE);
 }
 
 static void

cmd-copy-mode.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-copy-mode.c,v 1.54 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -30,13 +30,13 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_copy_mode_entry = {
 	.name = "copy-mode",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "eHMs:t:uq", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-eHMuq] [-s src-pane] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "dekHMqSs:t:u", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-dekHMqSu] [-s src-pane] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.source =  { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_READONLY,
 	.exec = cmd_copy_mode_exec
 };
 
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *swp;
+	u_int			 tty_ox, tty_oy, tty_sx, tty_sy;
+	int			 line_numbers;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'q')) {
 		window_pane_reset_mode_all(wp);
@@ -77,7 +79,8 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_clock_mode_entry) {
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_clock_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_clock_mode, item, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -85,12 +88,26 @@ cmd_copy_mode_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		swp = source->wp;
 	else
 		swp = wp;
-	if (!window_pane_set_mode(wp, swp, &window_copy_mode, NULL, args)) {
+	line_numbers = 1;
+	if (event != NULL && KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key))
+		line_numbers = 0;
+	if (!window_pane_set_mode(wp, swp, &window_copy_mode, item, NULL,
+	    args)) {
+		window_copy_set_line_numbers(wp, line_numbers);
 		if (args_has(args, 'M'))
 			window_copy_start_drag(c, &event->m);
-	}
+	} else
+		window_copy_set_line_numbers(wp, line_numbers);
 	if (args_has(args, 'u'))
 		window_copy_pageup(wp, 0);
+	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
+		window_copy_pagedown(wp, 0, args_has(args, 'e'));
+	if (args_has(args, 'S')) {
+		tty_window_offset(&c->tty, &tty_ox, &tty_oy, &tty_sx, &tty_sy);
+		window_copy_scroll(wp, c->tty.mouse_slider_mpos, event->m.y,
+		    tty_oy, args_has(args, 'e'));
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-detach-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-detach-client.c,v 1.39 2026/05/22 15:22:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -59,6 +59,7 @@ cmd_detach_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*source = cmdq_get_source(item);
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item), *loop;
 	struct session		*s;
 	enum msgtype		 msgtype;
@@ -69,6 +70,13 @@ cmd_detach_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
+	if (c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+		if (args_has(args, 's') || args_has(args, 'a') || c != tc) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
 		msgtype = MSG_DETACHKILL;
 	else

cmd-display-menu.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-menu.c,v 1.52 2026/07/14 19:07:03 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,9 +38,11 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_menu_entry = {
 	.name = "display-menu",
 	.alias = "menu",
 
-	.args = { "c:t:OT:x:y:", 1, -1, cmd_display_menu_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-O] [-c target-client] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [-T title] "
-		 "[-x position] [-y position] name key command ...",
+	.args = { "b:c:C:H:s:S:MOt:T:x:y:", 1, -1, cmd_display_menu_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-MO] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] "
+		 "[-C starting-choice] [-H selected-style] [-s style] "
+		 "[-S border-style] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [-T title] "
+		 "[-x position] [-y position] name [key] [command] ...",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -52,12 +54,12 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_popup_entry = {
 	.name = "display-popup",
 	.alias = "popup",
 
-	.args = { "Bb:Cc:d:e:Eh:s:S:t:T:w:x:y:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-BCE] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] "
+	.args = { "Bb:Cc:d:e:Eh:kNs:S:t:T:w:x:y:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-BCEkN] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] "
 		 "[-d start-directory] [-e environment] [-h height] "
 		 "[-s style] [-S border-style] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
-		 "[-T title] [-w width] [-x position] [-y position] "
-		 "[shell-command]",
+		 " [-T title] [-w width] [-x position] [-y position] "
+		 "[shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -90,7 +92,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_args_parse(struct args *args, u_int idx, __unused char **cause)
 }
 
 static int
-cmd_display_menu_get_position(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
+cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
 {
 	struct tty		*tty = &tc->tty;
@@ -124,6 +126,10 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_position(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_y", "%u", event->m.y);
 	}
 
+	/* Position of the previous menu, for -x/-y L. */
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_x", "%u", target->w->menu_last_px);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_y", "%u", target->w->menu_last_py + h);
+
 	/*
 	 * If there are any status lines, add this window position and the
 	 * status line position.
@@ -236,6 +242,8 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_position(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		xp = "#{popup_pane_left}";
 	else if (strcmp(xp, "M") == 0)
 		xp = "#{popup_mouse_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "L") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_last_x}";
 	else if (strcmp(xp, "W") == 0)
 		xp = "#{popup_window_status_line_x}";
 	p = format_expand(ft, xp);
@@ -256,6 +264,8 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_position(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		yp = "#{popup_pane_bottom}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "M") == 0)
 		yp = "#{popup_mouse_top}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "L") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_last_y}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "S") == 0)
 		yp = "#{popup_status_line_y}";
 	else if (strcmp(yp, "W") == 0)
@@ -274,6 +284,185 @@ cmd_display_menu_get_position(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	log_debug("%s: -y: %s = %s = %u (-h %u)", __func__, yp, p, *py, h);
 	free(p);
 
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (1);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct session		*s = tc->session;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window		*window = target->w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct style_ranges	*ranges = NULL;
+	struct style_range	*sr = NULL;
+	const char		*xp, *yp;
+	char			*p;
+	u_int			 line, ox, oy, sx, sy, lines, position;
+	long			 n, max_x, max_y, mouse_x = 0, mouse_y = 0;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+
+	max_x = window->sx > w ? window->sx - w : 0;
+	max_y = window->sy > h ? window->sy - h : 0;
+
+	tty_window_offset(&tc->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy);
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		mouse_x = event->m.x + ox;
+		if (event->m.statusat == 0) {
+			if (event->m.y >= event->m.statuslines)
+				mouse_y = event->m.y - event->m.statuslines + oy;
+			else
+				mouse_y = oy;
+		} else if (event->m.statusat > 0 &&
+		    event->m.y >= (u_int)event->m.statusat) {
+			mouse_y = oy + sy - 1;
+		} else
+			mouse_y = event->m.y + oy;
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_x", "%ld", mouse_x);
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_y", "%ld", mouse_y);
+	}
+
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_x", "%u", window->menu_last_px);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_y", "%u", window->menu_last_py + h);
+
+	lines = status_line_size(tc);
+	position = options_get_number(s->options, "status-position");
+	if (status_at_line(tc) != -1 && lines != 0) {
+		for (line = 0; line < lines; line++) {
+			ranges = &tc->status.entries[line].ranges;
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(sr, ranges, entry) {
+				if (sr->type != STYLE_RANGE_WINDOW)
+					continue;
+				if (sr->argument == (u_int)wl->idx)
+					break;
+			}
+			if (sr != NULL)
+				break;
+		}
+		if (sr != NULL) {
+			format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_x", "%u",
+			    sr->start + ox);
+			if (position == 0) {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", h);
+			} else {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", window->sy);
+			}
+		}
+		if (position == 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u", h);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u", window->sy);
+	}
+
+	format_add(ft, "popup_width", "%u", w);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_height", "%u", h);
+
+	n = ((long)window->sx - 1) / 2 - w / 2;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+	n = ((long)window->sy - 1) / 2 + h / 2;
+	if (n >= window->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%ld", max_y);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		n = mouse_x - w / 2;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y - h / 2;
+		if (n + h >= window->sy)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%ld", max_y);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y + h;
+		if (n >= window->sy)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%u", window->sy - 1);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%ld", n);
+		n = mouse_y - h;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%ld", n);
+	}
+
+	n = wp->yoff + h;
+	if (n >= window->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%ld", max_y);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%ld", n);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_bottom", "%u", wp->yoff + wp->sy);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_left", "%u", wp->xoff);
+	n = (long)wp->xoff + wp->sx - w;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%ld", n);
+
+	xp = args_get(args, 'x');
+	if (xp == NULL || strcmp(xp, "C") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "R") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_right}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "P") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_left}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "M") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_mouse_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "L") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_last_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "W") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_window_status_line_x}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, xp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	if (n > max_x)
+		n = max_x;
+	*px = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -x: %s = %s = %u (-w %u)", __func__, xp, p, *px, w);
+	free(p);
+
+	yp = args_get(args, 'y');
+	if (yp == NULL || strcmp(yp, "C") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_centre_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "P") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_pane_bottom}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "M") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_mouse_top}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "L") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_last_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "S") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_status_line_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "W") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_window_status_line_y}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, yp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n < h)
+		n = 0;
+	else
+		n -= h;
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	if (n > max_y)
+		n = max_y;
+	*py = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -y: %s = %s = %u (-h %u)", __func__, yp, p, *py, h);
+	free(p);
+
+	format_free(ft);
 	return (1);
 }
 
@@ -286,19 +475,36 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct menu		*menu = NULL;
 	struct menu_item	 menu_item;
-	const char		*key, *name;
-	char			*title;
-	int			 flags = 0;
+	const char		*key, *name, *value;
+	const char		*style = args_get(args, 's');
+	const char		*border_style = args_get(args, 'S');
+	const char		*selected_style = args_get(args, 'H');
+	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
+	char			*title, *cause = NULL;
+	int			 flags = 0, starting_choice = 0;
 	u_int			 px, py, i, count = args_count(args);
+	struct options		*o = target->s->curw->window->options;
+	struct options_entry	*oe;
 
-	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
+		if (strcmp(args_get(args, 'C'), "-") == 0)
+			starting_choice = -1;
+		else {
+			starting_choice = args_strtonum(args, 'C', 0, UINT_MAX,
+			    &cause);
+			if (cause != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "starting choice %s", cause);
+				goto fail;
+			}
+		}
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'T'))
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
 	else
 		title = xstrdup("");
 	menu = menu_create(title);
+	free(title);
 
 	for (i = 0; i != count; /* nothing */) {
 		name = args_string(args, i++);
@@ -309,9 +515,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 		if (count - i < 2) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "not enough arguments");
-			free(title);
-			menu_free(menu);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		key = args_string(args, i++);
 
@@ -321,29 +525,44 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 		menu_add_item(menu, &menu_item, item, tc, target);
 	}
-	free(title);
 	if (menu == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "invalid menu arguments");
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
-	if (menu->count == 0) {
-		menu_free(menu);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
-	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_position(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
-	    menu->width + 4, menu->count + 2)) {
-		menu_free(menu);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (menu->count == 0)
+		goto out;
+	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+	    menu->width + 4, menu->count + 2))
+		goto out;
+
+	value = args_get(args, 'b');
+	if (value != NULL) {
+		oe = options_get(o, "menu-border-lines");
+		lines = options_find_choice(options_table_entry(oe), value,
+		    &cause);
+		if (lines == -1) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "menu-border-lines %s", cause);
+			goto fail;
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'O'))
 		flags |= MENU_STAYOPEN;
-	if (!event->m.valid)
+	if (!event->m.valid && !args_has(args, 'M'))
 		flags |= MENU_NOMOUSE;
-	if (menu_display(menu, flags, item, px, py, tc, target, NULL,
-	    NULL) != 0)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+	if (menu_display(menu, flags, starting_choice, item, px, py, tc, lines,
+	    style, selected_style, border_style, target, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+		goto out;
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+out:
+	menu_free(menu);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	menu_free(menu);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -357,8 +576,10 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const char		*value, *shell, *shellcmd = NULL;
 	const char		*style = args_get(args, 's');
 	const char		*border_style = args_get(args, 'S');
-	char			*cwd, *cause = NULL, **argv = NULL, *title;
-	int			 flags = 0, argc = 0;
+	char			*cwd = NULL, *cause = NULL, **argv = NULL;
+	char			*title = NULL;
+	int			 modify = popup_present(tc);
+	int			 flags = -1, argc = 0;
 	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
 	u_int			 px, py, w, h, count = args_count(args);
 	struct args_value	*av;
@@ -370,36 +591,67 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		server_client_clear_overlay(tc);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
-	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
+	if (!modify && tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
-	h = tty->sy / 2;
-	if (args_has(args, 'h')) {
-		h = args_percentage(args, 'h', 1, tty->sy, tty->sy, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	if (!modify) {
+		h = tty->sy / 2;
+		if (args_has(args, 'h')) {
+			h = args_percentage(args, 'h', 1, tty->sy, tty->sy,
+			    &cause);
+			if (cause != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
+				goto fail;
+			}
+		}
+
+		w = tty->sx / 2;
+		if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
+			w = args_percentage(args, 'w', 1, tty->sx, tty->sx,
+			    &cause);
+			if (cause != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
+				goto fail;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (w > tty->sx)
+			w = tty->sx;
+		if (h > tty->sy)
+			h = tty->sy;
+		if (!cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+		    w, h))
+			goto out;
+
+		value = args_get(args, 'd');
+		if (value != NULL)
+			cwd = format_single_from_target(item, value);
+		else
+			cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(tc, s));
+		if (count == 0) {
+			shellcmd = options_get_string(s->options,
+			    "default-command");
+		} else if (count == 1)
+			shellcmd = args_string(args, 0);
+		if (count <= 1 && (shellcmd == NULL || *shellcmd == '\0')) {
+			shellcmd = NULL;
+			shell = options_get_string(s->options, "default-shell");
+			if (!checkshell(shell))
+				shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
+			cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, shell);
+		} else
+			args_to_vector(args, &argc, &argv);
+
+		if (args_has(args, 'e') >= 1) {
+			env = environ_create();
+			av = args_first_value(args, 'e');
+			while (av != NULL) {
+				environ_put(env, av->string, 0);
+				av = args_next_value(av);
+			}
 		}
 	}
 
-	w = tty->sx / 2;
-	if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		w = args_percentage(args, 'w', 1, tty->sx, tty->sx, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (w > tty->sx)
-		w = tty->sx;
-	if (h > tty->sy)
-		h = tty->sy;
-	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_position(tc, item, args, &px, &py, w, h))
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
 	value = args_get(args, 'b');
 	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
 		lines = BOX_LINES_NONE;
@@ -409,35 +661,7 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		    &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "popup-border-lines %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	}
-
-	value = args_get(args, 'd');
-	if (value != NULL)
-		cwd = format_single_from_target(item, value);
-	else
-		cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(tc, s));
-	if (count == 0)
-		shellcmd = options_get_string(s->options, "default-command");
-	else if (count == 1)
-		shellcmd = args_string(args, 0);
-	if (count <= 1 && (shellcmd == NULL || *shellcmd == '\0')) {
-		shellcmd = NULL;
-		shell = options_get_string(s->options, "default-shell");
-		if (!checkshell(shell))
-			shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
-		cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, shell);
-	} else
-		args_to_vector(args, &argc, &argv);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'e') >= 1) {
-		env = environ_create();
-		av = args_first_value(args, 'e');
-		while (av != NULL) {
-			environ_put(env, av->string, 0);
-			av = args_next_value(av);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -445,21 +669,49 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
 	else
 		title = xstrdup("");
-	if (args_has(args, 'E') > 1)
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'N') || !modify)
+		flags = 0;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') > 1) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
 		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEEXITZERO;
-	else if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'E')) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
 		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEEXIT;
-	if (popup_display(flags, lines, item, px, py, w, h, env, shellcmd, argc,
-	    argv, cwd, title, tc, s, style, border_style, NULL, NULL) != 0) {
-		cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
-		if (env != NULL)
-			environ_free(env);
-		free(title);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
-	if (env != NULL)
-		environ_free(env);
+	if (args_has(args, 'k')) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
+		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEANYKEY;
+	}
+
+	if (modify) {
+		popup_modify(tc, title, style, border_style, lines, flags);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (popup_display(flags, lines, item, px, py, w, h, env, shellcmd, argc,
+	    argv, cwd, title, tc, s, style, border_style, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+		goto out;
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
 	free(title);
 	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+out:
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
+	free(title);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
+	free(title);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-display-message.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-message.c,v 1.65 2026/02/23 08:46:57 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_message_entry = {
 	.name = "display-message",
 	.alias = "display",
 
-	.args = { "ac:d:INpt:F:v", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aINpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-F format] "
+	.args = { "aCc:d:lINpt:F:v", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCIlNpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-F format] "
 		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [message]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	const char		*template;
 	char			*msg, *cause;
-	int			 delay = -1, flags;
+	int			 delay = -1, flags, Nflag = args_has(args, 'N');
+	int			 Cflag = args_has(args, 'C');
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
+	struct evbuffer		*evb;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'I')) {
 		if (wp == NULL)
@@ -129,21 +131,30 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
 		format_each(ft, cmd_display_message_each, item);
+		format_free(ft);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	msg = format_expand_time(ft, template);
+	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
+		msg = xstrdup(template);
+	else
+		msg = format_expand_time(ft, template);
+
 	if (cmdq_get_client(item) == NULL)
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s", msg);
 	else if (args_has(args, 'p'))
 		cmdq_print(item, "%s", msg);
-	else if (tc != NULL) {
-		status_message_set(tc, delay, 0, args_has(args, 'N'), "%s",
-		    msg);
-	}
+	else if (tc != NULL && (tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
+		evb = evbuffer_new();
+		if (evb == NULL)
+			fatalx("out of memory");
+		evbuffer_add_printf(evb, "%%message %s", msg);
+		server_client_print(tc, 0, evb);
+		evbuffer_free(evb);
+	} else if (tc != NULL)
+		status_message_set(tc, delay, 0, Nflag, Cflag, "%s", msg);
 	free(msg);
 
 	format_free(ft);
-
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-display-panes.c

@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
-
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
- * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "tmux.h"
-
-/*
- * Display panes on a client.
- */
-
-static enum args_parse_type	cmd_display_panes_args_parse(struct args *,
-				    u_int, char **);
-static enum cmd_retval		cmd_display_panes_exec(struct cmd *,
-				    struct cmdq_item *);
-
-const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_panes_entry = {
-	.name = "display-panes",
-	.alias = "displayp",
-
-	.args = { "bd:Nt:", 0, 1, cmd_display_panes_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-bN] [-d duration] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " [template]",
-
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
-	.exec = cmd_display_panes_exec
-};
-
-struct cmd_display_panes_data {
-	struct cmdq_item		*item;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-};
-
-static enum args_parse_type
-cmd_display_panes_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, __unused u_int idx,
-    __unused char **cause)
-{
-	return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_draw_pane(struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx,
-    struct window_pane *wp)
-{
-	struct client		*c = ctx->c;
-	struct tty		*tty = &c->tty;
-	struct session		*s = c->session;
-	struct options		*oo = s->options;
-	struct window		*w = wp->window;
-	struct grid_cell	 fgc, bgc;
-	u_int			 pane, idx, px, py, i, j, xoff, yoff, sx, sy;
-	int			 colour, active_colour;
-	char			 buf[16], lbuf[16], rbuf[16], *ptr;
-	size_t			 len, llen, rlen;
-
-	if (wp->xoff + wp->sx <= ctx->ox ||
-	    wp->xoff >= ctx->ox + ctx->sx ||
-	    wp->yoff + wp->sy <= ctx->oy ||
-	    wp->yoff >= ctx->oy + ctx->sy)
-		return;
-
-	if (wp->xoff >= ctx->ox && wp->xoff + wp->sx <= ctx->ox + ctx->sx) {
-		/* All visible. */
-		xoff = wp->xoff - ctx->ox;
-		sx = wp->sx;
-	} else if (wp->xoff < ctx->ox &&
-	    wp->xoff + wp->sx > ctx->ox + ctx->sx) {
-		/* Both left and right not visible. */
-		xoff = 0;
-		sx = ctx->sx;
-	} else if (wp->xoff < ctx->ox) {
-		/* Left not visible. */
-		xoff = 0;
-		sx = wp->sx - (ctx->ox - wp->xoff);
-	} else {
-		/* Right not visible. */
-		xoff = wp->xoff - ctx->ox;
-		sx = wp->sx - xoff;
-	}
-	if (wp->yoff >= ctx->oy && wp->yoff + wp->sy <= ctx->oy + ctx->sy) {
-		/* All visible. */
-		yoff = wp->yoff - ctx->oy;
-		sy = wp->sy;
-	} else if (wp->yoff < ctx->oy &&
-	    wp->yoff + wp->sy > ctx->oy + ctx->sy) {
-		/* Both top and bottom not visible. */
-		yoff = 0;
-		sy = ctx->sy;
-	} else if (wp->yoff < ctx->oy) {
-		/* Top not visible. */
-		yoff = 0;
-		sy = wp->sy - (ctx->oy - wp->yoff);
-	} else {
-		/* Bottom not visible. */
-		yoff = wp->yoff - ctx->oy;
-		sy = wp->sy - yoff;
-	}
-
-	if (ctx->statustop)
-		yoff += ctx->statuslines;
-	px = sx / 2;
-	py = sy / 2;
-
-	if (window_pane_index(wp, &pane) != 0)
-		fatalx("index not found");
-	len = xsnprintf(buf, sizeof buf, "%u", pane);
-
-	if (sx < len)
-		return;
-	colour = options_get_number(oo, "display-panes-colour");
-	active_colour = options_get_number(oo, "display-panes-active-colour");
-
-	memcpy(&fgc, &grid_default_cell, sizeof fgc);
-	memcpy(&bgc, &grid_default_cell, sizeof bgc);
-	if (w->active == wp) {
-		fgc.fg = active_colour;
-		bgc.bg = active_colour;
-	} else {
-		fgc.fg = colour;
-		bgc.bg = colour;
-	}
-
-	rlen = xsnprintf(rbuf, sizeof rbuf, "%ux%u", wp->sx, wp->sy);
-	if (pane > 9 && pane < 35)
-		llen = xsnprintf(lbuf, sizeof lbuf, "%c", 'a' + (pane - 10));
-	else
-		llen = 0;
-
-	if (sx < len * 6 || sy < 5) {
-		tty_attributes(tty, &fgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL);
-		if (sx >= len + llen + 1) {
-			len += llen + 1;
-			tty_cursor(tty, xoff + px - len / 2, yoff + py);
-			tty_putn(tty, buf, len,	 len);
-			tty_putn(tty, " ", 1, 1);
-			tty_putn(tty, lbuf, llen, llen);
-		} else {
-			tty_cursor(tty, xoff + px - len / 2, yoff + py);
-			tty_putn(tty, buf, len, len);
-		}
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	px -= len * 3;
-	py -= 2;
-
-	tty_attributes(tty, &bgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL);
-	for (ptr = buf; *ptr != '\0'; ptr++) {
-		if (*ptr < '0' || *ptr > '9')
-			continue;
-		idx = *ptr - '0';
-
-		for (j = 0; j < 5; j++) {
-			for (i = px; i < px + 5; i++) {
-				tty_cursor(tty, xoff + i, yoff + py + j);
-				if (window_clock_table[idx][j][i - px])
-					tty_putc(tty, ' ');
-			}
-		}
-		px += 6;
-	}
-
-	if (sy <= 6)
-		goto out;
-	tty_attributes(tty, &fgc, &grid_default_cell, NULL);
-	if (rlen != 0 && sx >= rlen) {
-		tty_cursor(tty, xoff + sx - rlen, yoff);
-		tty_putn(tty, rbuf, rlen, rlen);
-	}
-	if (llen != 0) {
-		tty_cursor(tty, xoff + sx / 2 + len * 3 - llen - 1,
-		    yoff + py + 5);
-		tty_putn(tty, lbuf, llen, llen);
-	}
-
-out:
-	tty_cursor(tty, 0, 0);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_draw(struct client *c, __unused void *data,
-    struct screen_redraw_ctx *ctx)
-{
-	struct window		*w = c->session->curw->window;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-
-	log_debug("%s: %s @%u", __func__, c->name, w->id);
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->panes, entry) {
-		if (window_pane_visible(wp))
-			cmd_display_panes_draw_pane(ctx, wp);
-	}
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_display_panes_free(__unused struct client *c, void *data)
-{
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata = data;
-
-	if (cdata->item != NULL)
-		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
-	free(cdata);
-}
-
-static int
-cmd_display_panes_key(struct client *c, void *data, struct key_event *event)
-{
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata = data;
-	char				*expanded, *error;
-	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	struct window			*w = c->session->curw->window;
-	struct window_pane		*wp;
-	u_int				 index;
-	key_code			 key;
-
-	if (event->key >= '0' && event->key <= '9')
-		index = event->key - '0';
-	else if ((event->key & KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS) == 0) {
-		key = (event->key & KEYC_MASK_KEY);
-		if (key >= 'a' && key <= 'z')
-			index = 10 + (key - 'a');
-		else
-			return (-1);
-	} else
-		return (-1);
-
-	wp = window_pane_at_index(w, index);
-	if (wp == NULL)
-		return (1);
-	window_unzoom(w);
-
-	xasprintf(&expanded, "%%%u", wp->id);
-
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, 1, &expanded, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
-		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
-		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-	}
-
-	free(expanded);
-	return (1);
-}
-
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_display_panes_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct session			*s = tc->session;
-	u_int				 delay;
-	char				*cause;
-	struct cmd_display_panes_data	*cdata;
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
-
-	if (tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'd')) {
-		delay = args_strtonum(args, 'd', 0, UINT_MAX, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "delay %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	} else
-		delay = options_get_number(s->options, "display-panes-time");
-
-	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-	if (wait)
-		cdata->item = item;
-	cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0,
-	    "select-pane -t \"%%%\"", wait, 0);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
-		server_client_set_overlay(tc, delay, NULL, NULL,
-		    cmd_display_panes_draw, NULL, cmd_display_panes_free, NULL,
-		    cdata);
-	} else {
-		server_client_set_overlay(tc, delay, NULL, NULL,
-		    cmd_display_panes_draw, cmd_display_panes_key,
-		    cmd_display_panes_free, NULL, cdata);
-	}
-
-	if (!wait)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
-}

cmd-find-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find-window.c,v 1.57 2026/07/14 17:17:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ cmd_find_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	const char		*s = args_string(args, 0), *suffix = "";
+	const char		*star = "*";
 	struct args_value	*filter;
 	int			 C, N, T;
 
@@ -55,6 +56,8 @@ cmd_find_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	N = args_has(args, 'N');
 	T = args_has(args, 'T');
 
+	if (args_has(args, 'r'))
+		star = "";
 	if (args_has(args, 'r') && args_has(args, 'i'))
 		suffix = "/ri";
 	else if (args_has(args, 'r'))
@@ -71,42 +74,43 @@ cmd_find_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (C && N && T) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
 		    "#{||:"
-		    "#{C%s:%s},#{||:#{m%s:*%s*,#{window_name}},"
-		    "#{m%s:*%s*,#{pane_title}}}}",
-		    suffix, s, suffix, s, suffix, s);
+		    "#{C%s:%s},#{||:#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{window_name}},"
+		    "#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{pane_title}}}}",
+		    suffix, s, suffix, star, s, star, suffix, star, s, star);
 	} else if (C && N) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
-		    "#{||:#{C%s:%s},#{m%s:*%s*,#{window_name}}}",
-		    suffix, s, suffix, s);
+		    "#{||:#{C%s:%s},#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{window_name}}}",
+		    suffix, s, suffix, star, s, star);
 	} else if (C && T) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
-		    "#{||:#{C%s:%s},#{m%s:*%s*,#{pane_title}}}",
-		    suffix, s, suffix, s);
+		    "#{||:#{C%s:%s},#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{pane_title}}}",
+		    suffix, s, suffix, star, s, star);
 	} else if (N && T) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
-		    "#{||:#{m%s:*%s*,#{window_name}},"
-		    "#{m%s:*%s*,#{pane_title}}}",
-		    suffix, s, suffix, s);
+		    "#{||:#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{window_name}},"
+		    "#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{pane_title}}}",
+		    suffix, star, s, star, suffix, star, s, star);
 	} else if (C) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
 		    "#{C%s:%s}",
 		    suffix, s);
 	} else if (N) {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
-		    "#{m%s:*%s*,#{window_name}}",
-		    suffix, s);
+		    "#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{window_name}}",
+		    suffix, star, s, star);
 	} else {
 		xasprintf(&filter->string,
-		    "#{m%s:*%s*,#{pane_title}}",
-		    suffix, s);
+		    "#{m%s:%s%s%s,#{pane_title}}",
+		    suffix, star, s, star);
 	}
 
 	new_args = args_create();
 	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
-		args_set(new_args, 'Z', NULL);
-	args_set(new_args, 'f', filter);
+		args_set(new_args, 'Z', NULL, 0);
+	args_set(new_args, 'f', filter, 0);
 
-	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_tree_mode, target, new_args);
+	window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_tree_mode, item, target,
+	    new_args);
 	args_free(new_args);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-find.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find.c,v 1.87 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -147,6 +147,18 @@ cmd_find_session_better(struct session *s, struct session *than, int flags)
 	return (timercmp(&s->activity_time, &than->activity_time, >));
 }
 
+/* Can this session be usefully targeted? */
+static int
+cmd_find_session_valid(struct session *s)
+{
+	if (!session_alive(s) ||
+	    s->curw == NULL ||
+	    s->curw->window == NULL ||
+	    s->curw->window->active == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	return (1);
+}
+
 /* Find best session from a list, or all if list is NULL. */
 static struct session *
 cmd_find_best_session(struct session **slist, u_int ssize, int flags)
@@ -159,11 +171,15 @@ cmd_find_best_session(struct session **slist, u_int ssize, int flags)
 	s = NULL;
 	if (slist != NULL) {
 		for (i = 0; i < ssize; i++) {
+			if (!cmd_find_session_valid(slist[i]))
+				continue;
 			if (cmd_find_session_better(slist[i], s, flags))
 				s = slist[i];
 		}
 	} else {
 		RB_FOREACH(s_loop, sessions, &sessions) {
+			if (!cmd_find_session_valid(s_loop))
+				continue;
 			if (cmd_find_session_better(s_loop, s, flags))
 				s = s_loop;
 		}
@@ -582,27 +598,27 @@ cmd_find_get_pane_with_window(struct cmd_find_state *fs, const char *pane)
 
 	/* Try special characters. */
 	if (strcmp(pane, "!") == 0) {
-		fs->wp = fs->w->last;
+		fs->wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&fs->w->last_panes);
 		if (fs->wp == NULL)
 			return (-1);
 		return (0);
 	} else if (strcmp(pane, "{up-of}") == 0) {
-		fs->wp = window_pane_find_up(fs->current->wp);
+		fs->wp = window_pane_find_up(fs->w->active);
 		if (fs->wp == NULL)
 			return (-1);
 		return (0);
 	} else if (strcmp(pane, "{down-of}") == 0) {
-		fs->wp = window_pane_find_down(fs->current->wp);
+		fs->wp = window_pane_find_down(fs->w->active);
 		if (fs->wp == NULL)
 			return (-1);
 		return (0);
 	} else if (strcmp(pane, "{left-of}") == 0) {
-		fs->wp = window_pane_find_left(fs->current->wp);
+		fs->wp = window_pane_find_left(fs->w->active);
 		if (fs->wp == NULL)
 			return (-1);
 		return (0);
 	} else if (strcmp(pane, "{right-of}") == 0) {
-		fs->wp = window_pane_find_right(fs->current->wp);
+		fs->wp = window_pane_find_right(fs->w->active);
 		if (fs->wp == NULL)
 			return (-1);
 		return (0);
@@ -614,7 +630,7 @@ cmd_find_get_pane_with_window(struct cmd_find_state *fs, const char *pane)
 			n = strtonum(pane + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
 		else
 			n = 1;
-		wp = fs->current->wp;
+		wp = fs->w->active;
 		if (pane[0] == '+')
 			fs->wp = window_pane_next_by_number(fs->w, wp, n);
 		else
@@ -868,7 +884,7 @@ cmd_find_from_client(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct client *c, int flags)
 	if (c->session != NULL) {
 		cmd_find_clear_state(fs, flags);
 
-		fs->wp = server_client_get_pane(c);
+		fs->wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
 		if (fs->wp == NULL) {
 			cmd_find_from_session(fs, c->session, flags);
 			return (0);
@@ -924,6 +940,7 @@ cmd_find_target(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct cmdq_item *item,
     const char *target, enum cmd_find_type type, int flags)
 {
 	struct mouse_event	*m;
+	struct client		*c;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 current;
 	char			*colon, *period, *copy = NULL, tmp[256];
 	const char		*session, *window, *pane, *s;
@@ -990,6 +1007,20 @@ cmd_find_target(struct cmd_find_state *fs, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	if (target == NULL || *target == '\0')
 		goto current;
 
+	if (strcmp(target, "@") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(target, "{active}") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(target, "{current}") == 0) {
+		c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+		if (c == NULL || c->session == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "no current client");
+			goto error;
+		}
+		fs->wl = c->session->curw;
+		fs->wp = c->session->curw->window->active;
+		fs->w = c->session->curw->window;
+		goto found;
+	}
+
 	/* Mouse target is a plain = or {mouse}. */
 	if (strcmp(target, "=") == 0 || strcmp(target, "{mouse}") == 0) {
 		m = &cmdq_get_event(item)->m;

cmd-if-shell.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-if-shell.c,v 1.86 2025/08/01 09:05:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	    -1) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "failed to run command: %s", shellcmd);
 		free(shellcmd);
-		free(cdata);
+		cmd_if_shell_free(cdata);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 	free(shellcmd);
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ cmd_if_shell_callback(struct job *job)
 	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
 		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
 			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, "%s", error);
+			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
 		} else
 			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
 		free(error);

cmd-join-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-join-pane.c,v 1.74 2026/08/03 20:29:52 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011 George Nachman <tmux@georgester.com>
@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *,
+			    struct mouse_event *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_join_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "join-pane",
@@ -49,8 +52,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "move-pane",
 	.alias = "movep",
 
-	.args = { "bdfhvp:l:s:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdfhv] [-l size] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "bdD::fhMvl:L::P:R::s:t:U::X:Y:z:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdfhMv] [-D lines] [-l size] [-L columns] [-P position] "
+	         "[-R columns] " CMD_SRCDST_PANE_USAGE " [-U lines] "
+	         "[-X x-position] [-Y y-position] [-z z-index]",
 
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -59,6 +64,348 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_join_pane_exec
 };
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *position)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
+	int			 wx = w->sx, wy = w->sy;
+	int			 px = lc->g.sx, py = lc->g.sy;
+	int			 xoff = lc->g.xoff, yoff = lc->g.yoff;
+	int			 border = 1;
+
+	if (window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp) == PANE_LINES_NONE)
+		border = 0;
+
+	if (strcmp(position, "top-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-left") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "centre-right") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "center-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = (wy - py) / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left") == 0) {
+		xoff = border;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (wx - px) / 2;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx - px - border;
+		yoff = wy - py - border;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "top-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "top-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = wy / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-left-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-left-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = wx / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "bottom-right-centre") == 0 ||
+	    strcmp(position, "bottom-right-center") == 0) {
+		xoff = (3 * wx) / 4 - px / 2;
+		yoff = (3 * wy) / 4 - py / 2;
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "front") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "back") == 0) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+				break;
+		}
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else
+			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL)
+			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+		else {
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+				if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+					break;
+			}
+			if (owp != NULL)
+				TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+			else
+				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward-loop") == 0) {
+		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
+		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
+		} else {
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+			TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+		}
+	} else {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown position: %s", position);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	if (xoff != lc->g.xoff || yoff != lc->g.yoff) {
+		lc->g.xoff = xoff;
+		lc->g.yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	}
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_move(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
+    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	const char		*errstr, *argval;
+	const char		 flags[] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
+	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
+	int			 xoff = lc->g.xoff, yoff = lc->g.yoff, adjust;
+	u_int			 i;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines = window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'X')) {
+		xoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'X', -(int)w->sx,
+		    w->sx, w->sx, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
+			xoff += 1;
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'Y')) {
+		yoff = args_percentage_and_expand(args, 'Y', -(int)w->sy,
+		    w->sy, w->sy, item, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "position %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
+			yoff += 1;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(flags); i++) {
+		flag = flags[i];
+		if (!args_has(args, flag))
+			continue;
+
+		argval = args_get(args, flag);
+		if (argval == NULL)
+			argval = "1";
+		adjust = strtonum(argval, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "offset %s", errstr);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		if (flag == 'U')
+			yoff -= adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'D')
+			yoff += adjust;
+		else if (flag == 'L')
+			xoff -= adjust;
+		else
+			xoff += adjust;
+	}
+
+	if (xoff != lc->g.xoff || yoff != lc->g.yoff) {
+		lc->g.xoff = xoff;
+		lc->g.yoff = yoff;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+
+	if (!event->m.valid)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&event->m, &s, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL || c == NULL || c->session != s)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp))
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	w = wl->window;
+	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
+	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+
+	c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_join_pane_mouse_move;
+	cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(c, &event->m);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	int			 y, ly, x, lx;
+
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wl->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	y = m->y + m->oy; x = m->x + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+	ly = m->ly + m->oy; lx = m->lx + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && ly >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		ly -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && ly >= m->statusat)
+		ly = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	if (x != lx || y != ly) {
+		lc->g.xoff += x - lx;
+		lc->g.yoff += y - ly;
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
+	}
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_zindex(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
+    struct window_pane *wp, const char *s)
+{
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct window_pane	*owp;
+	const char		*errstr;
+	u_int			 n, z;
+
+	z = strtonum(s, 0, UINT_MAX, &errstr);
+	if (errstr != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "z-index %s", errstr);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	n = 0;
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
+			break;
+		if (n >= z)
+			break;
+		n++;
+	}
+
+	if (owp != NULL)
+		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_join_pane_tile(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, struct window *w,
+    struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "can't tile a pane while window is zoomed");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	lc->fg.sx = lc->g.sx;
+	lc->fg.sy = lc->g.sy;
+	lc->fg.xoff = lc->g.xoff;
+	lc->fg.yoff = lc->g.yoff;
+
+	if (layout_insert_tile(w, lc) != 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "no space for a new pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	lc->flags &= ~LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING;
+
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
+
+	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+		window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+	layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -70,10 +417,9 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct winlink		*src_wl, *dst_wl;
 	struct window		*src_w, *dst_w;
 	struct window_pane	*src_wp, *dst_wp;
+	const char		*s;
 	char			*cause = NULL;
-	int			 size, percentage, dst_idx;
-	int			 flags;
-	enum layout_type	 type;
+	int			 flags = 0, dst_idx;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc;
 
 	dst_s = target->s;
@@ -81,55 +427,61 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	dst_wp = target->wp;
 	dst_w = dst_wl->window;
 	dst_idx = dst_wl->idx;
-	server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
+
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_move_pane_entry) {
+		if (args_has(args, 'M'))
+			return (cmd_join_pane_mouse_update(item));
+		if (args_has(args, 'P') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'z') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'X') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'Y') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'U') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'D') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'L') ||
+		    args_has(args, 'R')) {
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+			server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
+			if ((s = args_get(args, 'P')) != NULL)
+				return (cmd_join_pane_place(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
+			if ((s = args_get(args, 'z')) != NULL)
+				return (cmd_join_pane_zindex(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
+			return (cmd_join_pane_move(item, args, dst_wl, dst_wp));
+		}
+	}
 
 	src_wl = source->wl;
 	src_wp = source->wp;
 	src_w = src_wl->window;
+
+	if (src_wp == src_w->modal || dst_wp == dst_w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
 	server_unzoom_window(src_w);
 
 	if (src_wp == dst_wp) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(src_wp))
+			return (cmd_join_pane_tile(item, args, src_w, src_wp));
 		cmdq_error(item, "source and target panes must be different");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
 	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
-		type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
-
-	size = -1;
-	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
-		if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM) {
-			size = args_percentage(args, 'l', 0, INT_MAX,
-			    dst_wp->sy, &cause);
-		} else {
-			size = args_percentage(args, 'l', 0, INT_MAX,
-			    dst_wp->sx, &cause);
-		}
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		percentage = args_strtonum(args, 'p', 0, 100, &cause);
-		if (cause == NULL) {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				size = (dst_wp->sy * percentage) / 100;
-			else
-				size = (dst_wp->sx * percentage) / 100;
-		}
-	}
-	if (cause != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
-		free(cause);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	}
-
-	flags = 0;
+		flags |= SPAWN_HORIZONTAL;
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_BEFORE;
 	if (args_has(args, 'f'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_FULLSIZE;
 
-	lc = layout_split_pane(dst_wp, type, size, flags);
-	if (lc == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: pane too small");
+	lc = layout_get_tiled_cell(item, args, dst_w, dst_wp, flags, &cause);
+	if (cause != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "size or position %s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -138,15 +490,20 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	server_client_remove_pane(src_wp);
 	window_lost_pane(src_w, src_wp);
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&src_w->panes, src_wp, entry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&src_w->z_index, src_wp, zentry);
 
 	src_wp->window = dst_w;
 	options_set_parent(src_wp->options, dst_w->options);
-	src_wp->flags |= PANE_STYLECHANGED;
-	if (flags & SPAWN_BEFORE)
+	src_wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+	if (flags & SPAWN_BEFORE) {
 		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(dst_wp, src_wp, entry);
-	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(dst_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+	} else {
 		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->panes, dst_wp, src_wp, entry);
+		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->z_index, dst_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+	}
 	layout_assign_pane(lc, src_wp, 0);
+	colour_palette_from_option(&src_wp->palette, src_wp->options);
 
 	recalculate_sizes();
 
@@ -161,11 +518,12 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	} else
 		server_status_session(dst_s);
 
-	if (window_count_panes(src_w) == 0)
+	window_fire_pane_moved(src_wp, src_w, src_wl->idx, dst_w, dst_idx);
+	if (window_count_panes(src_w, 1) == 0)
 		server_kill_window(src_w, 1);
 	else
-		notify_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-kill-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-pane.c,v 1.34 2026/06/09 21:22:22 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,13 +27,17 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_pane_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_pane_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, struct winlink *,
+			    struct window_pane *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-pane",
 	.alias = "killp",
 
-	.args = { "at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "af:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-a] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -46,22 +50,66 @@ cmd_kill_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
-	struct window_pane	*loopwp, *tmpwp, *wp = target->wp;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		server_unzoom_window(wl->window);
-		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(loopwp, &wl->window->panes, entry, tmpwp) {
-			if (loopwp == wp)
-				continue;
-			server_client_remove_pane(loopwp);
-			layout_close_pane(loopwp);
-			window_remove_pane(wl->window, loopwp);
-		}
-		server_redraw_window(wl->window);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (filter != NULL && !args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
+	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_pane_all(item, filter));
+
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "no active pane to kill");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 	server_kill_pane(wp);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_pane_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct window_pane	*loopwp, *tmpwp;
+
+	server_unzoom_window(wl->window);
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(loopwp, &wl->window->panes, entry, tmpwp) {
+		if (loopwp == wp)
+			continue;
+		if (!cmd_kill_pane_filter(item, s, wl, loopwp, filter))
+			continue;
+		server_client_remove_pane(loopwp);
+		layout_close_pane(loopwp);
+		window_remove_pane(wl->window, loopwp);
+	}
+	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_pane_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    struct winlink *wl, struct window_pane *wp, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, wp);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
+}

cmd-kill-server.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-server.c,v 1.20 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-kill-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-session.c,v 1.31 2026/06/09 12:57:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
@@ -28,13 +30,16 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_session_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_session_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_session_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-session",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "aCt:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aC] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aCgf:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCg] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -48,7 +53,14 @@ cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s, *sloop, *stmp;
+	struct session_group	*sg;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
+
+	if (filter != NULL && (!args_has(args, 'a') || args_has(args, 'C'))) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
@@ -56,12 +68,13 @@ cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			wl->flags &= ~WINLINK_ALERTFLAGS;
 		}
 		server_redraw_session(s);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		RB_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, sessions, &sessions, stmp) {
-			if (sloop != s) {
-				server_destroy_session(sloop);
-				session_destroy(sloop, 1, __func__);
-			}
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_session_all(item, filter));
+	else if (args_has(args, 'g') &&
+	    (sg = session_group_contains(s)) != NULL) {
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, &sg->sessions, gentry, stmp) {
+			server_destroy_session(sloop);
+			session_destroy(sloop, 1, __func__);
 		}
 	} else {
 		server_destroy_session(s);
@@ -69,3 +82,42 @@ cmd_kill_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_session_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct session	*s = cmdq_get_target(item)->s;
+	struct session	*sloop, *stmp;
+
+	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(sloop, sessions, &sessions, stmp) {
+		if (sloop == s)
+			continue;
+		if (!cmd_kill_session_filter(item, sloop, filter))
+			continue;
+		server_destroy_session(sloop);
+		session_destroy(sloop, 1, __func__);
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_session_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, NULL, NULL);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
+}

cmd-kill-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-kill-window.c,v 1.30 2026/06/09 12:57:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
@@ -25,13 +27,16 @@
  */
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_kill_window_all(struct cmdq_item *, const char *);
+static int		cmd_kill_window_filter(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct session *, struct winlink *, const char *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_kill_window_entry = {
 	.name = "kill-window",
 	.alias = "killw",
 
-	.args = { "at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
+	.args = { "af:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-a] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
@@ -57,10 +62,15 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *loop;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	u_int			 found;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'f');
+
+	if (filter != NULL && !args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "-f only valid with -a");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_unlink_window_entry) {
 		if (!args_has(args, 'k') && !session_is_linked(s, w)) {
@@ -72,39 +82,76 @@ cmd_kill_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		if (RB_PREV(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL &&
-		    RB_NEXT(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-
-		/* Kill all windows except the current one. */
-		do {
-			found = 0;
-			RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-				if (loop->window != wl->window) {
-					server_kill_window(loop->window, 0);
-					found++;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-		} while (found != 0);
-
-		/*
-		 * If the current window appears in the session more than once,
-		 * kill it as well.
-		 */
-		found = 0;
-		RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-			if (loop->window == wl->window)
-				found++;
-		}
-		if (found > 1)
-			server_kill_window(wl->window, 0);
-
-		server_renumber_all();
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
+		return (cmd_kill_window_all(item, filter));
 
 	server_kill_window(wl->window, 1);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_kill_window_all(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct winlink	*loop;
+	u_int		 found, kill_current;
+
+	if (RB_PREV(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL &&
+	    RB_NEXT(winlinks, &s->windows, wl) == NULL)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	/* Kill all windows except the current one. */
+	do {
+		found = 0;
+		RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
+			if (loop->window != wl->window &&
+			    cmd_kill_window_filter(item, s, loop, filter)) {
+				server_kill_window(loop->window, 0);
+				found++;
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	} while (found != 0);
+
+	/*
+	 * If the current window appears in the session more than once, kill it
+	 * as well if it matches the filter.
+	 */
+	found = kill_current = 0;
+	RB_FOREACH(loop, winlinks, &s->windows) {
+		if (loop->window == wl->window) {
+			found++;
+			if (cmd_kill_window_filter(item, s, loop, filter))
+				kill_current = 1;
+		}
+	}
+	if (kill_current && found > 1)
+		server_kill_window(wl->window, 0);
+
+	server_renumber_all();
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_kill_window_filter(struct cmdq_item *item, struct session *s,
+    struct winlink *wl, const char *filter)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (filter == NULL)
+		return (1);
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, NULL);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+	flag = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (flag);
+}

cmd-list-buffers.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-buffers.c,v 1.41 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -36,8 +36,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_buffers_entry = {
 	.name = "list-buffers",
 	.alias = "lsb",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter]",
+	.args = { "F:f:O:r", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_buffers_exec
@@ -46,21 +46,30 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_buffers_entry = {
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_buffers_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	const char		*template, *filter;
-	char			*line, *expanded;
-	int			 flag;
+	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct paste_buffer	**l;
+	struct format_tree	 *ft;
+	const char		 *template, *filter;
+	char			 *line, *expanded;
+	int			  flag;
+	u_int			  i, n;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 		template = LIST_BUFFERS_TEMPLATE;
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	pb = NULL;
-	while ((pb = paste_walk(pb)) != NULL) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_buffers(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_defaults_paste_buffer(ft, pb);
+		format_defaults_paste_buffer(ft, l[i]);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);

cmd-list-clients.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-clients.c,v 1.42 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,8 +41,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_clients_entry = {
 	.name = "list-clients",
 	.alias = "lsc",
 
-	.args = { "F:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "F:f:O:rt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]" CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -53,14 +53,16 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_clients_entry = {
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_clients_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	struct args 		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c;
-	struct session		*s;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	const char		*template;
-	u_int			 idx;
-	char			*line;
+	struct args 		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct cmd_find_state	 *target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct client		**l;
+	struct session		 *s;
+	struct format_tree	 *ft;
+	const char		 *template, *filter;
+	u_int			  i, n;
+	char			 *line, *expanded;
+	int			  flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 't'))
 		s = target->s;
@@ -69,23 +71,37 @@ cmd_list_clients_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 		template = LIST_CLIENTS_TEMPLATE;
+	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	idx = 0;
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
-		if (c->session == NULL || (s != NULL && s != c->session))
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_clients(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		if (l[i]->session == NULL || (s != NULL && s != l[i]->session))
 			continue;
 
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", idx);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", i);
+		format_defaults(ft, l[i], NULL, NULL, NULL);
 
-		line = format_expand(ft, template);
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
-		free(line);
+		if (filter != NULL) {
+			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
+			flag = format_true(expanded);
+			free(expanded);
+		} else
+			flag = 1;
+		if (flag) {
+			line = format_expand(ft, template);
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+			free(line);
+		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-
-		idx++;
 	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-list-commands.c

@@ -0,0 +1,107 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-commands.c,v 1.15 2026/02/24 08:22:13 nicm Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+
+/*
+ * List all commands.
+ */
+
+#define LIST_COMMANDS_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{command_list_name}"					\
+	"#{?command_list_alias, (#{command_list_alias}),} "	\
+	"#{command_list_usage}"
+
+static enum cmd_retval cmd_list_commands(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_commands_entry = {
+	.name = "list-commands",
+	.alias = "lscm",
+
+	.args = { "F:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-F format] [command]",
+
+	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.exec = cmd_list_commands
+};
+
+static void
+cmd_list_single_command(const struct cmd_entry *entry, struct format_tree *ft,
+    const char *template, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	const char	*s;
+	char		*line;
+
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_name", "%s", entry->name);
+	if (entry->alias != NULL)
+		s = entry->alias;
+	else
+		s = "";
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_alias", "%s", s);
+	if (entry->usage != NULL)
+		s = entry->usage;
+	else
+		s = "";
+	format_add(ft, "command_list_usage", "%s", s);
+
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	if (*line != '\0')
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_list_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	const struct cmd_entry	**entryp;
+	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
+	struct format_tree	 *ft;
+	const char		 *template,  *command;
+	char			 *cause;
+
+	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
+		template = LIST_COMMANDS_TEMPLATE;
+
+	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
+	format_defaults(ft, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+
+	command = args_string(args, 0);
+	if (command == NULL) {
+		for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++)
+			cmd_list_single_command(*entryp, ft, template, item);
+	} else {
+		entry = cmd_find(command, &cause);
+		if (entry != NULL)
+			cmd_list_single_command(entry, ft, template, item);
+		else {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			format_free(ft);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}

cmd-list-keys.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-keys.c,v 1.78 2026/07/01 13:12:17 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,137 +27,157 @@
  * List key bindings.
  */
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+#define LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{?notes_only,"					\
+	"#{key_prefix} "					\
+	"#{p|#{key_string_width}:key_string} "			\
+	"#{?key_note,#{key_note},#{key_command}}"		\
+	","							\
+	"bind-key #{?key_has_repeat,#{?key_repeat,-r,  },} "	\
+	"-T #{p|#{key_table_width}:key_table} "			\
+	"#{p|#{key_string_width}:#{q|a:key_string}} "		\
+	"#{key_command}}"
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *,
-			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_keys_entry = {
 	.name = "list-keys",
 	.alias = "lsk",
 
-	.args = { "1aNP:T:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-1aN] [-P prefix-string] [-T key-table] [key]",
+	.args = { "1aF:NO:P:rT:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-1aNr] [-F format] [-O order] [-P prefix-string]"
+		 "[-T key-table] [key]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_keys_exec
 };
 
-const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_commands_entry = {
-	.name = "list-commands",
-	.alias = "lscm",
+static char *
+cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(struct args *args)
+{
+	key_code	prefix;
 
-	.args = { "F:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [command]",
+	if (args_has(args, 'P'))
+		return (xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P')));
 
-	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
-	.exec = cmd_list_keys_exec
-};
+	prefix = options_get_number(global_s_options, "prefix");
+	if (prefix == KEYC_NONE)
+		return (xstrdup(""));
+	return (xstrdup(key_string_lookup_key(prefix, 0)));
+}
 
 static u_int
-cmd_list_keys_get_width(const char *tablename, key_code only)
+cmd_list_keys_get_width(struct key_binding **l, u_int n)
 {
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	u_int			 width, keywidth = 0;
+	u_int	i, width, keywidth = 0;
 
-	table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
-	if (table == NULL)
-		return (0);
-	bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-	while (bd != NULL) {
-		if ((only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) ||
-		    KEYC_IS_MOUSE(bd->key) ||
-		    bd->note == NULL ||
-		    *bd->note == '\0') {
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-			continue;
-		}
-		width = utf8_cstrwidth(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		width = utf8_cstrwidth(key_string_lookup_key(l[i]->key, 0));
 		if (width > keywidth)
 			keywidth = width;
-
-		bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
 	}
 	return (keywidth);
 }
 
-static int
-cmd_list_keys_print_notes(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
-    const char *tablename, u_int keywidth, key_code only, const char *prefix)
+static u_int
+cmd_list_keys_get_table_width(struct key_binding **l, u_int n)
 {
-	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	const char		*key;
-	char			*tmp, *note;
-	int	                 found = 0;
+	u_int	i, width, tablewidth = 0;
 
-	table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
-	if (table == NULL)
-		return (0);
-	bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-	while (bd != NULL) {
-		if ((only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) ||
-		    KEYC_IS_MOUSE(bd->key) ||
-		    ((bd->note == NULL || *bd->note == '\0') &&
-		    !args_has(args, 'a'))) {
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-			continue;
-		}
-		found = 1;
-		key = key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0);
-
-		if (bd->note == NULL || *bd->note == '\0')
-			note = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, 1);
-		else
-			note = xstrdup(bd->note);
-		tmp = utf8_padcstr(key, keywidth + 1);
-		if (args_has(args, '1') && tc != NULL) {
-			status_message_set(tc, -1, 1, 0, "%s%s%s", prefix, tmp,
-			    note);
-		} else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s%s%s", prefix, tmp, note);
-		free(tmp);
-		free(note);
-
-		if (args_has(args, '1'))
-			break;
-		bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		width = utf8_cstrwidth(l[i]->tablename);
+		if (width > tablewidth)
+			tablewidth = width;
 	}
-	return (found);
+	return (tablewidth);
 }
 
-static char *
-cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(struct args *args, key_code *prefix)
+static struct key_binding **
+cmd_list_keys_get_root_and_prefix(u_int *n, struct sort_criteria *sort_crit)
+{
+	const char			 *tables[] = { "prefix", "root" };
+	struct key_table		 *t;
+	struct key_binding		**lt;
+	u_int				  i, ltsz, len = 0, offset = 0;
+	static struct key_binding	**l = NULL;
+	static u_int			  lsz = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(tables); i++) {
+		t = key_bindings_get_table(tables[i], 0);
+		lt = sort_get_key_bindings_table(t, &ltsz, sort_crit);
+		len += ltsz;
+		if (lsz <= len) {
+			lsz = len + 100;
+			l = xreallocarray(l, lsz, sizeof *l);
+		}
+		memcpy(l + offset, lt, ltsz * sizeof *l);
+		offset += ltsz;
+	}
+
+	*n = len;
+	return (l);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_list_keys_filter_key_list(int filter_notes, int filter_key, key_code only,
+    struct key_binding **l, u_int *n)
+{
+	key_code	key;
+	u_int		i, j = 0;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < *n; i++) {
+		key = l[i]->key & (KEYC_MASK_KEY|KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS);
+		if (filter_key && only != key)
+			continue;
+		if (filter_notes && l[i]->note == NULL)
+			continue;
+		l[j++] = l[i];
+	}
+	*n = j;
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_list_keys_format_add_key_binding(struct format_tree *ft,
+    const struct key_binding *bd, const char *prefix)
 {
 	char	*s;
 
-	*prefix = options_get_number(global_s_options, "prefix");
-	if (!args_has(args, 'P')) {
-		if (*prefix != KEYC_NONE)
-			xasprintf(&s, "%s ", key_string_lookup_key(*prefix, 0));
-		else
-			s = xstrdup("");
-	} else
-		s = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P'));
-	return (s);
+	if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
+		format_add(ft, "key_repeat", "1");
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "key_repeat", "0");
+
+	if (bd->note != NULL)
+		format_add(ft, "key_note", "%s", bd->note);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "key_note", "%s", "");
+
+	format_add(ft, "key_prefix", "%s", prefix);
+	format_add(ft, "key_table", "%s", bd->tablename);
+
+	format_add(ft, "key_string", "%s", key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
+
+	s = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, CMD_LIST_PRINT_ESCAPED|
+	    CMD_LIST_PRINT_NO_GROUPS);
+	format_add(ft, "key_command", "%s", s);
+	free(s);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct key_table	*table;
-	struct key_binding	*bd;
-	const char		*tablename, *r, *keystr;
-	char			*key, *cp, *tmp, *start, *empty;
-	key_code		 prefix, only = KEYC_UNKNOWN;
-	int			 repeat, width, tablewidth, keywidth, found = 0;
-	size_t			 tmpsize, tmpused, cplen;
-
-	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_list_commands_entry)
-		return (cmd_list_keys_commands(self, item));
+	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	struct key_table	*table = NULL;
+	struct key_binding	**l;
+	key_code		 only = KEYC_UNKNOWN;
+	const char		*template, *tablename, *keystr;
+	char			*line;
+	char			*prefix = NULL;
+	u_int			 i, n;
+	int			 single, notes_only, filter_notes, filter_key;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	if ((keystr = args_string(args, 0)) != NULL) {
 		only = key_string_lookup_string(keystr);
@@ -168,198 +188,71 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		only &= (KEYC_MASK_KEY|KEYC_MASK_MODIFIERS);
 	}
 
-	tablename = args_get(args, 'T');
-	if (tablename != NULL && key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0) == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "table %s doesn't exist", tablename);
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
-		if (tablename == NULL) {
-			start = cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(args, &prefix);
-			keywidth = cmd_list_keys_get_width("root", only);
-			if (prefix != KEYC_NONE) {
-				width = cmd_list_keys_get_width("prefix", only);
-				if (width == 0)
-					prefix = KEYC_NONE;
-				else if (width > keywidth)
-					keywidth = width;
-			}
-			empty = utf8_padcstr("", utf8_cstrwidth(start));
-
-			found = cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args, "root",
-			    keywidth, only, empty);
-			if (prefix != KEYC_NONE) {
-				if (cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args,
-				    "prefix", keywidth, only, start))
-					found = 1;
-			}
-			free(empty);
-		} else {
-			if (args_has(args, 'P'))
-				start = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'P'));
-			else
-				start = xstrdup("");
-			keywidth = cmd_list_keys_get_width(tablename, only);
-			found = cmd_list_keys_print_notes(item, args, tablename,
-			    keywidth, only, start);
-
+	if ((tablename = args_get(args, 'T')) != NULL) {
+		table = key_bindings_get_table(tablename, 0);
+		if (table == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "table %s doesn't exist", tablename);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		free(start);
-		goto out;
 	}
 
-	repeat = 0;
-	tablewidth = keywidth = 0;
-	table = key_bindings_first_table();
-	while (table != NULL) {
-		if (tablename != NULL && strcmp(table->name, tablename) != 0) {
-			table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-			continue;
-		}
-		bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-		while (bd != NULL) {
-			if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) {
-				bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-				continue;
-			}
-			key = args_escape(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
+	prefix = cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(args);
+	single = args_has(args, '1');
+	notes_only = args_has(args, 'N');
 
-			if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
-				repeat = 1;
+	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
+		template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE;
 
-			width = utf8_cstrwidth(table->name);
-			if (width > tablewidth)
-				tablewidth = width;
-			width = utf8_cstrwidth(key);
-			if (width > keywidth)
-				keywidth = width;
+	if (table)
+		l = sort_get_key_bindings_table(table, &n, &sort_crit);
+	else if (notes_only)
+		l = cmd_list_keys_get_root_and_prefix(&n, &sort_crit);
+	else
+		l = sort_get_key_bindings(&n, &sort_crit);
 
-			free(key);
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-		}
-		table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
+	filter_notes = notes_only && !args_has(args, 'a');
+	filter_key = only != KEYC_UNKNOWN;
+	if (filter_notes || filter_key) {
+		cmd_list_keys_filter_key_list(filter_notes, filter_key, only, l,
+		    &n);
 	}
-
-	tmpsize = 256;
-	tmp = xmalloc(tmpsize);
-
-	table = key_bindings_first_table();
-	while (table != NULL) {
-		if (tablename != NULL && strcmp(table->name, tablename) != 0) {
-			table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-			continue;
-		}
-		bd = key_bindings_first(table);
-		while (bd != NULL) {
-			if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && bd->key != only) {
-				bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-				continue;
-			}
-			found = 1;
-			key = args_escape(key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
-
-			if (!repeat)
-				r = "";
-			else if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
-				r = "-r ";
-			else
-				r = "   ";
-			tmpused = xsnprintf(tmp, tmpsize, "%s-T ", r);
-
-			cp = utf8_padcstr(table->name, tablewidth);
-			cplen = strlen(cp) + 1;
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			tmpused = strlcat(tmp, " ", tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			cp = utf8_padcstr(key, keywidth);
-			cplen = strlen(cp) + 1;
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			tmpused = strlcat(tmp, " ", tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			cp = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, 1);
-			cplen = strlen(cp);
-			while (tmpused + cplen + 1 >= tmpsize) {
-				tmpsize *= 2;
-				tmp = xrealloc(tmp, tmpsize);
-			}
-			strlcat(tmp, cp, tmpsize);
-			free(cp);
-
-			cmdq_print(item, "bind-key %s", tmp);
-
-			free(key);
-			bd = key_bindings_next(table, bd);
-		}
-		table = key_bindings_next_table(table);
-	}
-
-	free(tmp);
-
-out:
-	if (only != KEYC_UNKNOWN && !found) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", args_string(args, 0));
+	if (filter_key && n == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", keystr);
+		free(prefix);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_list_keys_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	const struct cmd_entry	**entryp;
-	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
-	struct format_tree	 *ft;
-	const char		 *template, *s, *command;
-	char			 *line;
-
-	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL) {
-		template = "#{command_list_name}"
-		    "#{?command_list_alias, (#{command_list_alias}),} "
-		    "#{command_list_usage}";
-	}
+	if (single && n > 1)
+		n = 1;
 
 	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-	format_defaults(ft, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-
-	command = args_string(args, 0);
-	for (entryp = cmd_table; *entryp != NULL; entryp++) {
-		entry = *entryp;
-		if (command != NULL &&
-		    (strcmp(entry->name, command) != 0 &&
-		    (entry->alias == NULL ||
-		    strcmp(entry->alias, command) != 0)))
-		    continue;
-
-		format_add(ft, "command_list_name", "%s", entry->name);
-		if (entry->alias != NULL)
-			s = entry->alias;
-		else
-			s = "";
-		format_add(ft, "command_list_alias", "%s", s);
-		if (entry->usage != NULL)
-			s = entry->usage;
-		else
-			s = "";
-		format_add(ft, "command_list_usage", "%s", s);
+	format_defaults(ft, tc, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	format_add(ft, "notes_only", "%d", notes_only);
+	format_add(ft, "key_has_repeat", "%d", key_bindings_has_repeat(l, n));
+	format_add(ft, "key_string_width", "%u", cmd_list_keys_get_width(l, n));
+	format_add(ft, "key_table_width", "%u",
+	    cmd_list_keys_get_table_width(l, n));
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		cmd_list_keys_format_add_key_binding(ft, l[i], prefix);
 
 		line = format_expand(ft, template);
-		if (*line != '\0')
+		if (single && tc != NULL && (~tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
+			status_message_set(tc, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", line);
+		else if (*line != '\0')
 			cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
 		free(line);
-	}
 
+		if (single)
+			break;
+	}
 	format_free(ft);
+	free(prefix);
+
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-list-panes.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-panes.c,v 1.40 2026/06/01 14:01:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,8 +38,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_panes_entry = {
 	.name = "list-panes",
 	.alias = "lsp",
 
-	.args = { "asF:f:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-as] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aF:f:O:rst:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-asr] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]"
+		 CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
@@ -54,6 +55,13 @@ cmd_list_panes_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	enum sort_order		 order;
+
+	order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
 		cmd_list_panes_server(self, item);
@@ -89,34 +97,41 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
     struct cmdq_item *item, int type)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	u_int			 n;
+	struct window_pane	*wp, **l;
+	u_int			 i, n;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	const char		*template, *filter;
 	char			*line, *expanded;
 	int			 flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	template = args_get(args, 'F');
 	if (template == NULL) {
 		switch (type) {
 		case 0:
 			template = "#{pane_index}: "
-			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] [history "
+			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
 			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
 		case 1:
 			template = "#{window_index}.#{pane_index}: "
-			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] [history "
+			    "[#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
 			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
 		case 2:
 			template = "#{session_name}:#{window_index}."
-			    "#{pane_index}: [#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}] "
-			    "[history #{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
+			    "#{pane_index}: [#{pane_width}x#{pane_height}"
+			    "#{?pane_floating_flag, "
+			    "#{pane_x}#,#{pane_y}#,#{pane_z}}] [history "
+			    "#{history_size}/#{history_limit}, "
 			    "#{history_bytes} bytes] #{pane_id}"
 			    "#{?pane_active, (active),}#{?pane_dead, (dead),}";
 			break;
@@ -124,8 +139,12 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
 	}
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &wl->window->panes, entry) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_panes_window(wl->window, &n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		wp = l[i];
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
 		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, wp);
@@ -143,6 +162,5 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
 }

cmd-list-sessions.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-sessions.c,v 1.36 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_sessions_entry = {
 	.name = "list-sessions",
 	.alias = "ls",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-F format] [-f filter]",
+	.args = { "F:f:O:r", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-r] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_list_sessions_exec
@@ -52,23 +52,31 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_sessions_entry = {
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct session		*s;
-	u_int		 	 n;
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
-	const char		*template, *filter;
-	char			*line, *expanded;
-	int			 flag;
+	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct session		**l;
+	u_int		 	  n, i;
+	struct format_tree	 *ft;
+	const char		 *template, *filter;
+	char			 *line, *expanded;
+	int			  flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	  sort_crit;
 
 	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
 		template = LIST_SESSIONS_TEMPLATE;
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	l = sort_get_sessions(&n, &sort_crit);
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
-		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, NULL, NULL);
+		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", i);
+		format_defaults(ft, NULL, l[i], NULL, NULL);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);
@@ -83,7 +91,6 @@ cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-list-windows.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.50 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,16 +41,13 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static void	cmd_list_windows_server(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
-static void	cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *, struct session *,
-		    struct cmdq_item *, int);
-
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_windows_entry = {
 	.name = "list-windows",
 	.alias = "lsw",
 
-	.args = { "F:f:at:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-a] [-F format] [-f filter] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
+	.args = { "aF:f:O:rt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-ar] [-F format] [-f filter] [-O order]"
+		 CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, 0 },
 
@@ -63,51 +60,38 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-
-	if (args_has(args, 'a'))
-		cmd_list_windows_server(self, item);
-	else
-		cmd_list_windows_session(self, target->s, item, 0);
-
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_list_windows_server(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct session	*s;
-
-	RB_FOREACH(s, sessions, &sessions)
-		cmd_list_windows_session(self, s, item, 1);
-}
-
-static void
-cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *self, struct session *s,
-    struct cmdq_item *item, int type)
-{
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct winlink		*wl;
-	u_int			 n;
+	struct winlink		*wl, **l;
+	struct session		*s;
+	u_int			 i, n;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	const char		*template, *filter;
 	char			*line, *expanded;
 	int			 flag;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	template = args_get(args, 'F');
-	if (template == NULL) {
-		switch (type) {
-		case 0:
-			template = LIST_WINDOWS_TEMPLATE;
-			break;
-		case 1:
-			template = LIST_WINDOWS_WITH_SESSION_TEMPLATE;
-			break;
-		}
-	}
 	filter = args_get(args, 'f');
 
-	n = 0;
-	RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
+		l = sort_get_winlinks(&n, &sort_crit);
+		if (template == NULL)
+			template = LIST_WINDOWS_WITH_SESSION_TEMPLATE;
+	} else {
+		l = sort_get_winlinks_session(target->s, &n, &sort_crit);
+		if (template == NULL)
+			template = LIST_WINDOWS_TEMPLATE;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+		wl = l[i];
+		s = wl->session;
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
 		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, NULL);
@@ -125,6 +109,7 @@ cmd_list_windows_session(struct cmd *self, struct session *s,
 		}
 
 		format_free(ft);
-		n++;
 	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-load-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-load-buffer.c,v 1.66 2025/10/28 07:32:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ cmd_load_buffer_done(__unused struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 		return;
 
 	if (error != 0)
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", path, strerror(error));
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", strerror(error), path);
 	else if (bsize != 0) {
 		copy = xmalloc(bsize);
 		memcpy(copy, bdata, bsize);
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ cmd_load_buffer_done(__unused struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 		} else if (tc != NULL &&
 		    tc->session != NULL &&
 		    (~tc->flags & CLIENT_DEAD))
-			tty_set_selection(&tc->tty, copy, bsize);
+			tty_set_selection(&tc->tty, "", copy, bsize);
 		if (tc != NULL)
 			server_client_unref(tc);
 	}

cmd-lock-server.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-lock-server.c,v 1.31 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-move-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-move-window.c,v 1.34 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-new-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-session.c,v 1.152 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_session_entry = {
 	.usage = "[-AdDEPX] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] "
 		 "[-f flags] [-n window-name] [-s session-name] "
 		 CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE " [-x width] [-y height] "
-		 "[shell-command]",
+		 "[shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct termios		 tio, *tiop;
 	struct session_group	*sg = NULL;
 	const char		*errstr, *template, *group, *tmp;
-	char			*cause, *cwd = NULL, *cp, *newname = NULL;
-	char			*name, *prefix = NULL;
+	char			*cause, *cwd = NULL, *cp, *ename;
+	char			*wname = NULL, *sname = NULL, *prefix = NULL;
 	int			 detached, already_attached, is_control = 0;
 	u_int			 sx, sy, dsx, dsy, count = args_count(args);
 	struct spawn_context	 sc = { 0 };
@@ -99,32 +99,43 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	tmp = args_get(args, 's');
-	if (tmp != NULL) {
-		name = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-		newname = session_check_name(name);
-		if (newname == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "invalid session: %s", name);
-			free(name);
+	if ((tmp = args_get(args, 'n')) != NULL) {
+		ename = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(ename)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", ename);
+			free(ename);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		free(name);
+		wname = clean_name(ename, 0);
+		free(ename);
+	}
+	if ((tmp = args_get(args, 's')) != NULL) {
+		ename = format_single(item, tmp, c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(ename)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid session name: %s", ename);
+			free(ename);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		sname = clean_name(ename, 0);
+		free(ename);
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'A')) {
-		if (newname != NULL)
-			as = session_find(newname);
+		if (sname != NULL)
+			as = session_find(sname);
 		else
 			as = target->s;
 		if (as != NULL) {
 			retval = cmd_attach_session(item, as->name,
-			    args_has(args, 'D'), args_has(args, 'X'), 0, NULL,
-			    args_has(args, 'E'), args_get(args, 'f'));
-			free(newname);
+			    args_has(args, 'D'), args_has(args, 'X'), 0,
+			    args_get(args, 'c'), args_has(args, 'E'),
+			    args_get(args, 'f'));
+			free(wname);
+			free(sname);
 			return (retval);
 		}
 	}
-	if (newname != NULL && session_find(newname) != NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "duplicate session: %s", newname);
+	if (sname != NULL && session_find(sname) != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "duplicate session: %s", sname);
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
@@ -141,12 +152,12 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		else if (groupwith != NULL)
 			prefix = xstrdup(groupwith->name);
 		else {
-			prefix = session_check_name(group);
-			if (prefix == NULL) {
-				cmdq_error(item, "invalid session group: %s",
-				    group);
+			if (!check_name(group)) {
+				cmdq_error(item,
+				    "invalid session group name: %s", group);
 				goto fail;
 			}
+			prefix = clean_name(group, 0);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -275,7 +286,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		environ_put(env, av->string, 0);
 		av = args_next_value(av);
 	}
-	s = session_create(prefix, newname, cwd, env, oo, tiop);
+	s = session_create(prefix, sname, cwd, env, oo, tiop);
 
 	/* Spawn the initial window. */
 	sc.item = item;
@@ -283,7 +294,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (!detached)
 		sc.tc = c;
 
-	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
+	sc.name = wname;
 	args_to_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 
 	sc.idx = -1;
@@ -314,7 +325,7 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		session_group_synchronize_to(s);
 		session_select(s, RB_MIN(winlinks, &s->windows)->idx);
 	}
-	notify_session("session-created", s);
+	events_fire_session("session-created", s);
 
 	/*
 	 * Set the client to the new session. If a command client exists, it is
@@ -333,13 +344,6 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			server_client_set_key_table(c, NULL);
 	}
 
-	/*
-	 * If there are still configuration file errors to display, put the new
-	 * session's current window into more mode and display them now.
-	 */
-	if (cfg_finished)
-		cfg_show_causes(s);
-
 	/* Print if requested. */
 	if (args_has(args, 'P')) {
 		if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
@@ -357,10 +361,14 @@ cmd_new_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cmd_find_from_session(&fs, s, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, &fs, "after-new-session");
 
+	if (cfg_finished)
+		cfg_show_causes(s);
+
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
-	free(newname);
+	free(wname);
+	free(sname);
 	free(prefix);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
@@ -368,7 +376,8 @@ fail:
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	free(cwd);
-	free(newname);
+	free(wname);
+	free(sname);
 	free(prefix);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-new-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-window.c,v 1.103 2026/07/08 08:07:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,9 +38,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_window_entry = {
 	.name = "new-window",
 	.alias = "neww",
 
-	.args = { "abc:de:F:kn:PSt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-abdkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] "
-		 "[-n window-name] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [shell-command]",
+	.args = { "abc:de:EF:kn:PSt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-abdEkPS] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] [-F format] "
+		 "[-n window-name] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE
+		 " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_WINDOW_INDEX },
 
@@ -59,29 +60,51 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *new_wl = NULL;
-	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	char			*cause = NULL, *cp;
+	int			 idx = target->idx, before, count = args_count(args);
+	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *expanded, *wname = NULL;
 	const char		*template, *name;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	struct args_value	*av;
 
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') &&
+	    count != 0 &&
+	    (count != 1 || *args_string(args, 0) != '\0')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "command cannot be given for empty pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
 	/*
 	 * If -S and -n are given and -t is not and a single window with this
 	 * name already exists, select it.
 	 */
 	name = args_get(args, 'n');
-	if (args_has(args, 'S') && name != NULL && target->idx == -1) {
+	if (name != NULL) {
+		expanded = format_single(item, name, c, s, NULL, NULL);
+		if (!check_name(expanded)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", expanded);
+			free(expanded);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		wname = clean_name(expanded, 0);
+		free(expanded);
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'S') && wname != NULL && target->idx == -1) {
+		expanded = format_single(item, wname, c, s, NULL, NULL);
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-			if (strcmp(wl->window->name, name) != 0)
+			if (strcmp(wl->window->name, expanded) != 0)
 				continue;
 			if (new_wl == NULL) {
 				new_wl = wl;
 				continue;
 			}
-			cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s", name);
+			cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s", wname);
+			free(wname);
+			free(expanded);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
+		free(expanded);
 		if (new_wl != NULL) {
+			free(wname);
 			if (args_has(args, 'd'))
 				return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 			if (session_set_current(s, new_wl) == 0)
@@ -104,7 +127,7 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.s = s;
 	sc.tc = tc;
 
-	sc.name = args_get(args, 'n');
+	sc.name = wname;
 	args_to_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
 	sc.environ = environ_create();
 
@@ -118,6 +141,8 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = 0;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') || (count == 1 && *args_string(args, 0) == '\0'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
@@ -126,10 +151,7 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if ((new_wl = spawn_window(&sc, &cause)) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "create window failed: %s", cause);
 		free(cause);
-		if (sc.argv != NULL)
-			cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-		environ_free(sc.environ);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	if (!args_has(args, 'd') || new_wl == s->curw) {
 		cmd_find_from_winlink(current, new_wl, 0);
@@ -152,5 +174,13 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (sc.argv != NULL)
 		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	free(wname);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
+	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	free(wname);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-parse.y

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-parse.y,v 1.58 2026/04/27 12:31:11 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -32,11 +32,13 @@
 
 static int			 yylex(void);
 static int			 yyparse(void);
-static int printflike(1,2)	 yyerror(const char *, ...);
+static void printflike(1,2)	 yyerror(const char *, ...);
 
 static char			*yylex_token(int);
 static char			*yylex_format(void);
 
+#define CMD_PARSE_MAX_ENVIRON_LEN 16384
+
 struct cmd_parse_scope {
 	int				 flag;
 	TAILQ_ENTRY (cmd_parse_scope)	 entry;
@@ -223,9 +225,20 @@ assignment	: EQUALS
 		{
 			struct cmd_parse_state	*ps = &parse_state;
 			int			 flags = ps->input->flags;
+			int			 flag = 1;
+			struct cmd_parse_scope	*scope;
 
-			if ((~flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) &&
-			    (ps->scope == NULL || ps->scope->flag))
+			if (ps->scope != NULL) {
+				flag = ps->scope->flag;
+				TAILQ_FOREACH(scope, &ps->stack, entry)
+					flag = flag && scope->flag;
+			}
+
+			if (strlen($1) > CMD_PARSE_MAX_ENVIRON_LEN) {
+				yyerror("environment variable is too long");
+				YYABORT;
+			}
+			if ((~flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) && flag)
 				environ_put(global_environ, $1, 0);
 			free($1);
 		}
@@ -234,9 +247,20 @@ hidden_assignment : HIDDEN EQUALS
 		{
 			struct cmd_parse_state	*ps = &parse_state;
 			int			 flags = ps->input->flags;
+			int			 flag = 1;
+			struct cmd_parse_scope	*scope;
 
-			if ((~flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) &&
-			    (ps->scope == NULL || ps->scope->flag))
+			if (ps->scope != NULL) {
+				flag = ps->scope->flag;
+				TAILQ_FOREACH(scope, &ps->stack, entry)
+					flag = flag && scope->flag;
+			}
+
+			if (strlen($2) > CMD_PARSE_MAX_ENVIRON_LEN) {
+				yyerror("environment variable is too long");
+				YYABORT;
+			}
+			if ((~flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) && flag)
 				environ_put(global_environ, $2, ENVIRON_HIDDEN);
 			free($2);
 		}
@@ -744,7 +768,7 @@ static int
 cmd_parse_expand_alias(struct cmd_parse_command *cmd,
     struct cmd_parse_input *pi, struct cmd_parse_result *pr)
 {
-	struct cmd_parse_argument	*arg, *arg1, *first;
+	struct cmd_parse_argument	*first;
 	struct cmd_parse_commands	*cmds;
 	struct cmd_parse_command	*last;
 	char				*alias, *name, *cause;
@@ -784,10 +808,7 @@ cmd_parse_expand_alias(struct cmd_parse_command *cmd,
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&cmd->arguments, first, entry);
 	cmd_parse_free_argument(first);
 
-	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(arg, &cmd->arguments, entry, arg1) {
-		TAILQ_REMOVE(&cmd->arguments, arg, entry);
-		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&last->arguments, arg, entry);
-	}
+	TAILQ_CONCAT(&last->arguments, &cmd->arguments, entry);
 	cmd_parse_log_commands(cmds, __func__);
 
 	pi->flags |= CMD_PARSE_NOALIAS;
@@ -835,7 +856,7 @@ cmd_parse_build_command(struct cmd_parse_command *cmd,
 		count++;
 	}
 
-	add = cmd_parse(values, count, pi->file, pi->line, &cause);
+	add = cmd_parse(values, count, pi->file, pi->line, pi->flags, &cause);
 	if (add == NULL) {
 		pr->status = CMD_PARSE_ERROR;
 		pr->error = cmd_parse_get_error(pi->file, pi->line, cause);
@@ -1086,7 +1107,8 @@ cmd_parse_from_arguments(struct args_value *values, u_int count,
 				arg->type = CMD_PARSE_STRING;
 				arg->string = copy;
 				TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cmd->arguments, arg, entry);
-			}
+			} else
+				free(copy);
 		} else if (values[i].type == ARGS_COMMANDS) {
 			arg = xcalloc(1, sizeof *arg);
 			arg->type = CMD_PARSE_PARSED_COMMANDS;
@@ -1112,7 +1134,7 @@ cmd_parse_from_arguments(struct args_value *values, u_int count,
 	return (&pr);
 }
 
-static int printflike(1, 2)
+static void printflike(1, 2)
 yyerror(const char *fmt, ...)
 {
 	struct cmd_parse_state	*ps = &parse_state;
@@ -1121,7 +1143,7 @@ yyerror(const char *fmt, ...)
 	char			*error;
 
 	if (ps->error != NULL)
-		return (0);
+		return;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	xvasprintf(&error, fmt, ap);
@@ -1129,7 +1151,6 @@ yyerror(const char *fmt, ...)
 
 	ps->error = cmd_parse_get_error(pi->file, pi->line, error);
 	free(error);
-	return (0);
 }
 
 static int
@@ -1272,6 +1293,16 @@ yylex(void)
 			continue;
 		}
 
+		if (ch == '\r') {
+			/*
+			 * Treat \r\n as \n.
+			 */
+			ch = yylex_getc();
+			if (ch != '\n') {
+				yylex_ungetc(ch);
+				ch = '\r';
+			}
+		}
 		if (ch == '\n') {
 			/*
 			 * End of line. Update the line number.
@@ -1583,7 +1614,9 @@ yylex_token_tilde(char **buf, size_t *len)
 
 	if (*name == '\0') {
 		envent = environ_find(global_environ, "HOME");
-		if (envent != NULL && *envent->value != '\0')
+		if (envent != NULL &&
+		    envent->value != NULL &&
+		    *envent->value != '\0')
 			home = envent->value;
 		else if ((pw = getpwuid(getuid())) != NULL)
 			home = pw->pw_dir;
@@ -1602,6 +1635,7 @@ yylex_token_tilde(char **buf, size_t *len)
 static char *
 yylex_token(int ch)
 {
+	struct cmd_parse_state	*ps = &parse_state;
 	char			*buf;
 	size_t			 len;
 	enum { START,
@@ -1614,13 +1648,34 @@ yylex_token(int ch)
 
 	for (;;) {
 		/* EOF or \n are always the end of the token. */
-		if (ch == EOF || (state == NONE && ch == '\n'))
+		if (ch == EOF) {
+			log_debug("%s: end at EOF", __func__);
 			break;
+		}
+		if (state == NONE && ch == '\r') {
+			ch = yylex_getc();
+			if (ch != '\n') {
+				yylex_ungetc(ch);
+				ch = '\r';
+			}
+		}
+		if (ch == '\n') {
+			if (state == NONE) {
+				log_debug("%s: end at EOL", __func__);
+				break;
+			}
+			ps->input->line++;
+		}
 
 		/* Whitespace or ; or } ends a token unless inside quotes. */
-		if ((ch == ' ' || ch == '\t' || ch == ';' || ch == '}') &&
-		    state == NONE)
+		if (state == NONE && (ch == ' ' || ch == '\t')) {
+			log_debug("%s: end at WS", __func__);
 			break;
+		}
+		if (state == NONE && (ch == ';' || ch == '}')) {
+			log_debug("%s: end at %c", __func__, ch);
+			break;
+		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Spaces and comments inside quotes after \n are removed but

cmd-paste-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-paste-buffer.c,v 1.44 2026/03/04 07:19:32 tb Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -33,8 +33,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_paste_buffer_entry = {
 	.name = "paste-buffer",
 	.alias = "pasteb",
 
-	.args = { "db:prs:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-dpr] [-s separator] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " "
+	.args = { "db:prSs:t:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-dprS] [-s separator] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " "
 		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -43,6 +43,17 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_paste_buffer_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_paste_buffer_exec
 };
 
+static void
+cmd_paste_buffer_paste(struct window_pane *wp, const char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+	char	*cp;
+	size_t	 n;
+
+	n = utf8_stravisx(&cp, buf, len, VIS_SAFE|VIS_NOSLASH);
+	bufferevent_write(wp->event, cp, n);
+	free(cp);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -51,9 +62,14 @@ cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
 	const char		*sepstr, *bufname, *bufdata, *bufend, *line;
-	size_t			 seplen, bufsize;
+	size_t			 seplen, bufsize, len;
 	int			 bracket = args_has(args, 'p');
 
+	if (window_pane_exited(wp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "target pane has exited");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
 	bufname = NULL;
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
 		bufname = args_get(args, 'b');
@@ -88,14 +104,22 @@ cmd_paste_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			line = memchr(bufdata, '\n', bufend - bufdata);
 			if (line == NULL)
 				break;
-
-			bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, line - bufdata);
+			len = line - bufdata;
+			if (args_has(args, 'S'))
+				bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, len);
+			else
+				cmd_paste_buffer_paste(wp, bufdata, len);
 			bufferevent_write(wp->event, sepstr, seplen);
 
 			bufdata = line + 1;
 		}
-		if (bufdata != bufend)
-			bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, bufend - bufdata);
+		if (bufdata != bufend) {
+			len = bufend - bufdata;
+			if (args_has(args, 'S'))
+				bufferevent_write(wp->event, bufdata, len);
+			else
+				cmd_paste_buffer_paste(wp, bufdata, len);
+		}
 
 		if (bracket && (wp->screen->mode & MODE_BRACKETPASTE))
 			bufferevent_write(wp->event, "\033[201~", 6);

cmd-pipe-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-pipe-pane.c,v 1.64 2026/07/27 14:25:46 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sigset_t			 set, oldset;
 
 	/* Do nothing if pane is dead. */
-	if (wp->fd == -1 || (wp->flags & PANE_EXITED)) {
+	if (window_pane_exited(wp)) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "target pane has exited");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -123,11 +123,13 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	/* Fork the child. */
 	sigfillset(&set);
 	sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &set, &oldset);
-	switch (fork()) {
+	switch ((wp->pipe_pid = fork())) {
 	case -1:
 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
 		cmdq_error(item, "fork error: %s", strerror(errno));
 
+		close(pipe_fd[0]);
+		close(pipe_fd[1]);
 		free(cmd);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	case 0:
@@ -136,6 +138,9 @@ cmd_pipe_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &oldset, NULL);
 		close(pipe_fd[0]);
 
+		if (setpgid(0, 0) == -1)
+			_exit(1);
+
 		null_fd = open(_PATH_DEVNULL, O_WRONLY);
 		if (out) {
 			if (dup2(pipe_fd[1], STDIN_FILENO) == -1)
@@ -189,9 +194,13 @@ static void
 cmd_pipe_pane_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 {
 	struct window_pane	*wp = data;
-	struct evbuffer		*evb = wp->pipe_event->input;
+	struct evbuffer		*evb;
 	size_t			 available;
 
+	if (wp->pipe_event == NULL)
+		return;
+	evb = wp->pipe_event->input;
+
 	available = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb);
 	log_debug("%%%u pipe read %zu", wp->id, available);
 

cmd-queue.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-queue.c,v 1.122 2026/08/03 13:38:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -147,6 +147,13 @@ cmdq_get_name(struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (item->name);
 }
 
+/* Get item command. */
+struct cmd *
+cmdq_get_cmd(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	return (item->cmd);
+}
+
 /* Get item client. */
 struct client *
 cmdq_get_client(struct cmdq_item *item)
@@ -236,8 +243,10 @@ cmdq_link_state(struct cmdq_state *state)
 
 /* Make a copy of a state. */
 struct cmdq_state *
-cmdq_copy_state(struct cmdq_state *state)
+cmdq_copy_state(struct cmdq_state *state, struct cmd_find_state *current)
 {
+	if (current != NULL)
+		return (cmdq_new_state(current, &state->event, state->flags));
 	return (cmdq_new_state(&state->current, &state->event, state->flags));
 }
 
@@ -348,74 +357,53 @@ cmdq_insert_after(struct cmdq_item *after, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 /* Insert a hook. */
 void
-cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
+cmdq_insert_hook(__unused struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct cmd_find_state *current, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	struct cmdq_state		*state = item->state;
 	struct cmd			*cmd = item->cmd;
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(cmd);
 	struct args_entry		*ae;
 	struct args_value		*av;
-	struct options			*oo;
+	struct event_payload		*ep;
 	va_list				 ap;
 	char				*name, tmp[32], flag, *arguments;
 	u_int				 i;
 	const char			*value;
-	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
-	struct cmdq_state		*new_state;
-	struct options_entry		*o;
-	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
 
 	if (item->state->flags & CMDQ_STATE_NOHOOKS)
 		return;
-	if (s == NULL)
-		oo = global_s_options;
-	else
-		oo = s->options;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	xvasprintf(&name, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
-	o = options_get(oo, name);
-	if (o == NULL) {
-		free(name);
-		return;
-	}
-	log_debug("running hook %s (parent %p)", name, item);
-
-	/*
-	 * The hooks get a new state because they should not update the current
-	 * target or formats for any subsequent commands.
-	 */
-	new_state = cmdq_new_state(current, &state->event, CMDQ_STATE_NOHOOKS);
-	cmdq_add_format(new_state, "hook", "%s", name);
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	if (current != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_target(ep, current);
+	event_payload_set_pointer(ep, "_cmdq_item", item, NULL, NULL);
 
 	arguments = args_print(args);
-	cmdq_add_format(new_state, "hook_arguments", "%s", arguments);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "arguments", "%s", arguments);
 	free(arguments);
 
 	for (i = 0; i < args_count(args); i++) {
-		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_argument_%d", i);
-		cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", args_string(args, i));
+		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "argument_%u", i);
+		event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", args_string(args, i));
 	}
 	flag = args_first(args, &ae);
 	while (flag != 0) {
 		value = args_get(args, flag);
-		if (value == NULL) {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c", flag);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "1");
-		} else {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c", flag);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", value);
-		}
+		xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "flag_%c", flag);
+		if (value == NULL)
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "1");
+		else
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", value);
 
 		i = 0;
 		av = args_first_value(args, flag);
 		while (av != NULL) {
-			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "hook_flag_%c_%d", flag, i);
-			cmdq_add_format(new_state, tmp, "%s", av->string);
+			xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "flag_%c_%u", flag, i);
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, tmp, "%s", av->string);
 			i++;
 			av = args_next_value(av);
 		}
@@ -423,20 +411,7 @@ cmdq_insert_hook(struct session *s, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		flag = args_next(&ae);
 	}
 
-	a = options_array_first(o);
-	while (a != NULL) {
-		cmdlist = options_array_item_value(a)->cmdlist;
-		if (cmdlist != NULL) {
-			new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, new_state);
-			if (item != NULL)
-				item = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-			else
-				item = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item);
-		}
-		a = options_array_next(a);
-	}
-
-	cmdq_free_state(new_state);
+	events_fire(name, ep);
 	free(name);
 }
 
@@ -662,9 +637,18 @@ cmdq_fire_command(struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 out:
 	item->client = saved;
-	if (retval == CMD_RETURN_ERROR)
+	if (retval == CMD_RETURN_ERROR) {
+		fsp = NULL;
+		if (cmd_find_valid_state(&item->target))
+			fsp = &item->target;
+		else if (cmd_find_valid_state(&item->state->current))
+			fsp = &item->state->current;
+		else if (cmd_find_from_client(&fs, item->client, 0) == 0)
+			fsp = &fs;
+		cmdq_insert_hook(fsp != NULL ? fsp->s : NULL, item, fsp,
+		    "command-error");
 		cmdq_guard(item, "error", flags);
-	else
+	} else
 		cmdq_guard(item, "end", flags);
 	return (retval);
 }
@@ -803,10 +787,10 @@ cmdq_running(struct client *c)
 	struct cmdq_list	*queue = cmdq_get(c);
 
 	if (queue->item == NULL)
-        return (NULL);
-    if (queue->item->flags & CMDQ_WAITING)
-        return (NULL);
-    return (queue->item);
+		return (NULL);
+	if (queue->item->flags & CMDQ_WAITING)
+		return (NULL);
+	return (queue->item);
 }
 
 /* Print a guard line. */
@@ -818,48 +802,33 @@ cmdq_guard(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *guard, int flags)
 	u_int		 number = item->number;
 
 	if (c != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))
-		control_write(c, "%%%s %ld %u %d", guard, t, number, flags);
+		control_write_guard(c, guard, t, number, flags);
+}
+
+/* Show message from command. */
+void
+cmdq_print_data(struct cmdq_item *item, struct evbuffer *evb)
+{
+	server_client_print(item->client, 1, evb);
 }
 
 /* Show message from command. */
 void
 cmdq_print(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	struct client			*c = item->client;
-	struct window_pane		*wp;
-	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
-	va_list				 ap;
-	char				*tmp, *msg;
+	va_list		 ap;
+	struct evbuffer	*evb;
+
+	evb = evbuffer_new();
+	if (evb == NULL)
+		fatalx("out of memory");
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
-	xvasprintf(&msg, fmt, ap);
+	evbuffer_add_vprintf(evb, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
 
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, msg);
-
-	if (c == NULL)
-		/* nothing */;
-	else if (c->session == NULL || (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
-		if (~c->flags & CLIENT_UTF8) {
-			tmp = msg;
-			msg = utf8_sanitize(tmp);
-			free(tmp);
-		}
-		if (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
-			control_write(c, "%s", msg);
-		else
-			file_print(c, "%s\n", msg);
-	} else {
-		wp = server_client_get_pane(c);
-		wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
-		if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_view_mode) {
-			window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL,
-			    NULL);
-		}
-		window_copy_add(wp, 0, "%s", msg);
-	}
-
-	free(msg);
+	cmdq_print_data(item, evb);
+	evbuffer_free(evb);
 }
 
 /* Show error from command. */
@@ -896,7 +865,7 @@ cmdq_error(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *fmt, ...)
 		c->retval = 1;
 	} else {
 		*msg = toupper((u_char) *msg);
-		status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, "%s", msg);
+		status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", msg);
 	}
 
 	free(msg);

cmd-refresh-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-refresh-client.c,v 1.55 2026/07/17 08:37:29 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,9 +34,10 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_refresh_client_entry = {
 	.name = "refresh-client",
 	.alias = "refresh",
 
-	.args = { "A:B:cC:Df:F:l::LRSt:U", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.args = { "A:B:cC:Df:r:F:lLRSt:U", 0, 1, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-cDlLRSU] [-A pane:state] [-B name:what:format] "
-		 "[-C XxY] [-f flags] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " [adjustment]",
+		 "[-C XxY] [-f flags] [-r pane:report] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE
+		 " [adjustment]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
 	.exec = cmd_refresh_client_exec
@@ -45,36 +46,17 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_refresh_client_entry = {
 static void
 cmd_refresh_client_update_subscription(struct client *tc, const char *value)
 {
-	char			*copy, *split, *name, *what;
-	enum control_sub_type	 subtype;
-	int			 subid = -1;
+	char			*name, *format;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	int			 id;
 
-	copy = name = xstrdup(value);
-	if ((split = strchr(copy, ':')) == NULL) {
-		control_remove_sub(tc, copy);
-		goto out;
+	if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0) {
+		control_remove_sub(tc, value);
+		return;
 	}
-	*split++ = '\0';
-
-	what = split;
-	if ((split = strchr(what, ':')) == NULL)
-		goto out;
-	*split++ = '\0';
-
-	if (strcmp(what, "%*") == 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_ALL_PANES;
-	else if (sscanf(what, "%%%d", &subid) == 1 && subid >= 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_PANE;
-	else if (strcmp(what, "@*") == 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_ALL_WINDOWS;
-	else if (sscanf(what, "@%d", &subid) == 1 && subid >= 0)
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_WINDOW;
-	else
-		subtype = CONTROL_SUB_SESSION;
-	control_add_sub(tc, name, subtype, subid, split);
-
-out:
-	free(copy);
+	control_add_sub(tc, name, type, id, format);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -84,7 +66,6 @@ cmd_refresh_client_control_client_size(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	const char		*size = args_get(args, 'C');
 	u_int			 w, x, y;
-	struct client_window	*cw;
 
 	if (sscanf(size, "@%u:%ux%u", &w, &x, &y) == 3) {
 		if (x < WINDOW_MINIMUM || x > WINDOW_MAXIMUM ||
@@ -94,22 +75,16 @@ cmd_refresh_client_control_client_size(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 		log_debug("%s: client %s window @%u: size %ux%u", __func__,
 		    tc->name, w, x, y);
-		cw = server_client_add_client_window(tc, w);
-		cw->sx = x;
-		cw->sy = y;
+		control_set_window_size(tc, w, x, y);
 		tc->flags |= CLIENT_WINDOWSIZECHANGED;
 		recalculate_sizes_now(1);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	if (sscanf(size, "@%u:", &w) == 1) {
-		cw = server_client_get_client_window(tc, w);
-		if (cw != NULL) {
-			log_debug("%s: client %s window @%u: no size", __func__,
-			    tc->name, w);
-			cw->sx = 0;
-			cw->sy = 0;
-			recalculate_sizes_now(1);
-		}
+		log_debug("%s: client %s window @%u: no size", __func__,
+		    tc->name, w);
+		control_clear_window_size(tc, w);
+		recalculate_sizes_now(1);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
@@ -162,35 +137,39 @@ out:
 	free(copy);
 }
 
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_refresh_client_clipboard(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+static void
+cmd_refresh_report(struct tty *tty, const char *value)
 {
-	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	const char		*p;
-	u_int			 i;
-	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	u_int			 pane;
+	int			 fg, bg;
+	size_t			 size = 0;
+	char			*copy, *split;
 
-	p = args_get(args, 'l');
-	if (p == NULL) {
-		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_CLIPBOARDBUFFER)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		tc->flags |= CLIENT_CLIPBOARDBUFFER;
-	} else {
-		if (cmd_find_target(&fs, item, p, CMD_FIND_PANE, 0) != 0)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		for (i = 0; i < tc->clipboard_npanes; i++) {
-			if (tc->clipboard_panes[i] == fs.wp->id)
-				break;
-		}
-		if (i != tc->clipboard_npanes)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		tc->clipboard_panes = xreallocarray(tc->clipboard_panes,
-		    tc->clipboard_npanes + 1, sizeof *tc->clipboard_panes);
-		tc->clipboard_panes[tc->clipboard_npanes++] = fs.wp->id;
+	if (*value != '%')
+		return;
+	copy = xstrdup(value);
+	if ((split = strchr(copy, ':')) == NULL)
+		goto out;
+	*split++ = '\0';
+
+	if (sscanf(copy, "%%%u", &pane) != 1)
+		goto out;
+	wp = window_pane_find_by_id(pane);
+	if (wp == NULL)
+		goto out;
+
+	fg = wp->control_fg;
+	bg = wp->control_bg;
+	if (tty_keys_colours(tty, split, strlen(split), &size, &fg, &bg) == 0) {
+		if (bg != wp->control_bg)
+			wp->flags |= PANE_THEMECHANGED;
+		wp->control_fg = fg;
+	        wp->control_bg = bg;
 	}
-	tty_clipboard_query(&tc->tty);
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+out:
+	free(copy);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -255,13 +234,17 @@ cmd_refresh_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
-		return (cmd_refresh_client_clipboard(self, item));
+	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
+		tty_clipboard_query(&tc->tty);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'F')) /* -F is an alias for -f */
 		server_client_set_flags(tc, args_get(args, 'F'));
 	if (args_has(args, 'f'))
 		server_client_set_flags(tc, args_get(args, 'f'));
+	if (args_has(args, 'r'))
+		cmd_refresh_report(tty, args_get(args, 'r'));
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'A')) {
 		if (~tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)

cmd-rename-session.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rename-session.c,v 1.39 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -49,15 +49,17 @@ cmd_rename_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	char			*newname, *tmp;
 
 	tmp = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
-	newname = session_check_name(tmp);
-	if (newname == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "invalid session: %s", tmp);
+	if (!check_name(tmp)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid session name: %s", tmp);
 		free(tmp);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
+	newname = clean_name(tmp, 0);
 	free(tmp);
 	if (strcmp(newname, s->name) == 0) {
 		free(newname);
@@ -69,13 +71,20 @@ cmd_rename_session_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	cmd_find_from_session(&fs, s, 0);
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+	event_payload_set_session(ep, "session", s);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "old_name", "%s", s->name);
+	event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_name", "%s", newname);
+
 	RB_REMOVE(sessions, &sessions, s);
 	free(s->name);
 	s->name = newname;
 	RB_INSERT(sessions, &sessions, s);
 
 	server_status_session(s);
-	notify_session("session-renamed", s);
+	events_fire("session-renamed", ep);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-rename-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rename-window.c,v 1.30 2026/06/29 18:17:28 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -48,15 +48,21 @@ cmd_rename_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
-	char			*newname;
+	char			*name;
 
-	newname = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
-	window_set_name(wl->window, newname);
+	name = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
+	if (!check_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid window name: %s", name);
+		free(name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	window_set_name(wl->window, name, 0);
 	options_set_number(wl->window->options, "automatic-rename", 0);
+	free(name);
 
 	server_redraw_window_borders(wl->window);
 	server_status_window(wl->window);
-	free(newname);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-resize-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-pane.c,v 1.67 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
@@ -29,16 +30,20 @@
 
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
-static void	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct client *,
-		    struct mouse_event *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct cmd *,
+			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(
+			    struct client *, struct mouse_event *);
+static void		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(struct client *,
+			    struct mouse_event *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_resize_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "resize-pane",
 	.alias = "resizep",
 
-	.args = { "DLMRTt:Ux:y:Z", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-DLMRTUZ] [-x width] [-y height] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
-		 "[adjustment]",
+	.args = { "D::L::MR::Tt:U::x:y:Z", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-MTZ] [-D lines] [-L columns] [-R columns] [-U lines] "
+		 "[-x width] [-y height] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -51,23 +56,23 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
-	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	const char	       	*errstr;
-	char			*cause;
-	u_int			 adjust;
-	int			 x, y, status;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	enum layout_type	 type;
+	const char		*errstr, *argval;
+	const char		 flags[4] = { 'U', 'D', 'L', 'R' };
+	char			*cause = NULL, flag;
+	int			 adjust, x, y, status, opposite = 0;
+	long unsigned		 i;
 	struct grid		*gd = wp->base.grid;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
 		if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wp->modes))
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		adjust = screen_size_y(&wp->base) - 1 - wp->base.cy;
-		if (adjust > gd->hsize)
+		if (adjust > (int)gd->hsize)
 			adjust = gd->hsize;
 		grid_remove_history(gd, adjust);
 		wp->base.cy += adjust;
@@ -75,19 +80,12 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'M')) {
-		if (!event->m.valid || cmd_mouse_window(&event->m, &s) == NULL)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		if (c == NULL || c->session != s)
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update;
-		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(c, &event->m);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'M'))
+		return (cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(self, item));
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'Z')) {
 		if (w->flags & WINDOW_ZOOMED)
-			window_unzoom(w);
+			window_unzoom(w, 1);
 		else
 			window_zoom(wp);
 		server_redraw_window(w);
@@ -95,33 +93,31 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	server_unzoom_window(w);
 
-	if (args_count(args) == 0)
-		adjust = 1;
-	else {
-		adjust = strtonum(args_string(args, 0), 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-		if (errstr != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", errstr);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-	}
-
 	if (args_has(args, 'x')) {
-		x = args_percentage(args, 'x', 0, INT_MAX, w->sx, &cause);
+		x = args_percentage(args, 'x', 0, PANE_MAXIMUM, w->sx, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, x);
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT,
+			    x, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else
+			layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, x);
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'y')) {
-		y = args_percentage(args, 'y', 0, INT_MAX, w->sy, &cause);
+		y = args_percentage(args, 'y', 0, PANE_MAXIMUM, w->sy, &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		status = options_get_number(w->options, "pane-border-status");
+		status = window_get_pane_status(w);
 		switch (status) {
 		case PANE_STATUS_TOP:
 			if (y != INT_MAX && wp->yoff == 1)
@@ -132,29 +128,236 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				y++;
 			break;
 		}
-		layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, y);
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM,
+			    y, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "size %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else
+			layout_resize_pane_to(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, y);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'L'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, -adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'R'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT, adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'U'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, -adjust, 1);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'D'))
-		layout_resize_pane(wp, LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM, adjust, 1);
-	server_redraw_window(wl->window);
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(flags); i++) {
+		flag = flags[i];
+		if (!args_has(args, flag))
+			continue;
+
+		argval = args_get(args, flag);
+		if (argval == NULL) {
+			if (args_count(args) == 0)
+				argval = "1";
+			else
+				argval = args_string(args, 0);
+		}
+
+		adjust = strtonum(argval, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", errstr);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+
+		type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
+		if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'R')
+			type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
+
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+			if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'U')
+				opposite = 1;
+
+			if (layout_resize_floating_pane(wp, type, adjust,
+			    opposite, &cause) != 0) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "adjustment %s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		} else {
+			if (flag == 'L' || flag == 'U')
+				adjust = -adjust;
+			layout_resize_pane(wp, type, adjust, 1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (lc->parent != NULL)
+		layout_fix_offsets(w);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(__unused struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window		*w = wl->window;
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+
+	if (!event->m.valid)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(&event->m, &s, NULL);
+	if (wp == NULL || c == NULL || c->session != s)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled;
+		cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(c, &event->m);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
+
+	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
+	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
+
+	c->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating;
+	cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(c, &event->m);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Resizes or moves the pane by dragging. Resize a floating pane by dragging
+ * the borders or corners. Grabbing an edge only resizes that axis (special
+ * case). Moves the pane if dragging the top border. Since characters are
+ * generally rectangular, to make it easier to grab the corner, the character
+ * next to the corner is also considered the corner.
+ */
 static void
-cmd_resize_pane_mouse_update(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(struct client *c,
+    struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct winlink		*wl;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	int			 y, ly, x, lx, sx, sy, new_sx, new_sy;
+	int			 left, right;
+	int			 new_xoff, new_yoff, resizes = 0;
+
+	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wl->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+	sx = wp->sx;
+	sy = wp->sy;
+	left = wp->xoff - 1;
+	right = wp->xoff + sx;
+	if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp) &&
+	    w->sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_LEFT) {
+		left -= wp->scrollbar_style.width + wp->scrollbar_style.pad;
+	} else if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp) &&
+	    w->sb_pos == PANE_SCROLLBARS_RIGHT) {
+		right += wp->scrollbar_style.width + wp->scrollbar_style.pad;
+	}
+
+	y = m->y + m->oy; x = m->x + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+	ly = m->ly + m->oy; lx = m->lx + m->ox;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && ly >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		ly -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && ly >= m->statusat)
+		ly = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	if ((lx == left || lx == left + 1) && ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top left corner. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = lc->g.sy + (ly - y);
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_xoff = x + 1; /* because mouse is on border at xoff - 1 */
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, new_xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == right + 1 || lx == right) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top right corner. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = lc->g.sy + (ly - y);
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == left || lx == left + 1) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom left corner. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		new_xoff = x + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, new_xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if ((lx == right + 1 || lx == right) &&
+	    ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom right corner. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			new_sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (lx == right) {
+		/* Right border. */
+		new_sx = x - lc->g.xoff;
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, lc->g.sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (lx == left) {
+		/* Left border. */
+		new_sx = lc->g.sx + (lx - x);
+		if (new_sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		new_xoff = x + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, new_sx, lc->g.sy, new_xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (ly == wp->yoff + sy) {
+		/* Bottom border. */
+		new_sy = y - lc->g.yoff;
+		if (new_sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+			return;
+		layout_set_size(lc, lc->g.sx, new_sy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	} else if (ly == wp->yoff - 1) {
+		/* Top border (move instead of resize). */
+		new_xoff = lc->g.xoff + (x - lx);
+		new_yoff = y + 1;
+		layout_set_size(lc, lc->g.sx, lc->g.sy, new_xoff, new_yoff);
+		resizes++;
+	}
+	if (resizes != 0) {
+		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_tiled(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 {
 	struct winlink		*wl;
 	struct window		*w;
 	u_int			 y, ly, x, lx;
-	static const int         offsets[][2] = {
+	static const int	 offsets[][2] = {
 	    { 0, 0 }, { 0, 1 }, { 1, 0 }, { 0, -1 }, { -1, 0 },
 	};
 	struct layout_cell	*cells[nitems(offsets)], *lc;

cmd-resize-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-window.c,v 1.10 2023/06/30 13:19:32 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2018 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -53,8 +53,7 @@ cmd_resize_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	const char	       	*errstr;
 	char			*cause;
-	u_int			 adjust, sx, sy;
-	int			 xpixel = -1, ypixel = -1;
+	u_int			 adjust, sx, sy, xpixel = 0, ypixel = 0;
 
 	if (args_count(args) == 0)
 		adjust = 1;

cmd-respawn-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-respawn-pane.c,v 1.40 2026/07/03 16:09:49 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_respawn_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "respawn-pane",
 	.alias = "respawnp",
 
-	.args = { "c:e:kt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
-		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command]",
+	.args = { "c:e:Ekt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Ek] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ cmd_respawn_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = SPAWN_RESPAWN;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_KILL;
 

cmd-respawn-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-respawn-window.c,v 1.51 2026/07/03 16:09:49 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_respawn_window_entry = {
 	.name = "respawn-window",
 	.alias = "respawnw",
 
-	.args = { "c:e:kt:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-k] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
-		 CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [shell-command]",
+	.args = { "c:e:Ekt:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Ek] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+		 CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ cmd_respawn_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
 
 	sc.flags = SPAWN_RESPAWN;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		sc.flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 	if (args_has(args, 'k'))
 		sc.flags |= SPAWN_KILL;
 

cmd-rotate-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-rotate-window.c,v 1.34 2026/06/22 08:47:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ cmd_rotate_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1);
 	cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);
 	window_pop_zoom(w);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
 	server_redraw_window(w);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);

cmd-run-shell.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-run-shell.c,v 1.93 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -44,8 +44,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_run_shell_entry = {
 	.name = "run-shell",
 	.alias = "run",
 
-	.args = { "bd:Ct:", 0, 1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-bC] [-d delay] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command]",
+	.args = { "bd:Ct:Es:c:", 0, -1, cmd_run_shell_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-bCE] [-c start-directory] [-d delay] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
+	         " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -84,16 +85,23 @@ cmd_run_shell_print(struct job *job, const char *msg)
 
 	if (cdata->wp_id != -1)
 		wp = window_pane_find_by_id(cdata->wp_id);
-	if (wp == NULL && cdata->item != NULL)
-		wp = server_client_get_pane(cdata->client);
-	if (wp == NULL && cmd_find_from_nothing(&fs, 0) == 0)
-		wp = fs.wp;
-	if (wp == NULL)
-		return;
+	if (wp == NULL) {
+		if (cdata->item != NULL) {
+			cmdq_print(cdata->item, "%s", msg);
+			return;
+		}
+		if (cdata->client != NULL && cdata->client->session != NULL)
+			wp = cdata->client->session->curw->window->active;
+		if (wp == NULL && cmd_find_from_nothing(&fs, 0) == 0)
+			wp = fs.wp;
+		if (wp == NULL)
+			return;
+	}
 
 	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode != &window_view_mode)
-		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL);
+		window_pane_set_mode(wp, NULL, &window_view_mode, NULL, NULL,
+		    NULL);
 	window_copy_add(wp, 1, "%s", msg);
 }
 
@@ -103,13 +111,16 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct cmd_run_shell_data	*cdata;
+	struct client			*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session			*s = target->s;
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	const char			*delay, *cmd;
+	struct format_tree		*ft;
 	double				 d;
 	struct timeval			 tv;
-	char				*end;
+	char				*end, key[16];
+	u_int				 i;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
 	if ((delay = args_get(args, 'd')) != NULL) {
@@ -124,8 +135,15 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	if (!args_has(args, 'C')) {
 		cmd = args_string(args, 0);
-		if (cmd != NULL)
-			cdata->cmd = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
+		if (cmd != NULL) {
+			ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+			for (i = 1; i < args_count(args); i++) {
+				xsnprintf(key, sizeof key, "%u", i);
+				format_add(ft, key, "%s", args_string(args, i));
+			}
+			cdata->cmd = format_expand(ft, cmd);
+			format_free(ft);
+		}
 	} else {
 		cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, NULL,
 		    wait, 1);
@@ -137,7 +155,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->wp_id = -1;
 
 	if (wait) {
-		cdata->client = cmdq_get_client(item);
+		cdata->client = c;
 		cdata->item = item;
 	} else {
 		cdata->client = tc;
@@ -145,8 +163,13 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		cdata->client->references++;
+	if (args_has(args, 'c'))
+		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'c'));
+	else
+		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(c, s));
 
-	cdata->cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(cmdq_get_client(item), s));
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		cdata->flags |= JOB_SHOWSTDERR;
 
 	cdata->s = s;
 	if (s != NULL)
@@ -185,8 +208,17 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 		}
 		if (job_run(cmd, 0, NULL, NULL, cdata->s, cdata->cwd, NULL,
 		    cmd_run_shell_callback, cmd_run_shell_free, cdata,
-		    cdata->flags, -1, -1) == NULL)
+		    cdata->flags, -1, -1) == NULL) {
+			if (cdata->item == NULL)
+				status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0,
+				    "failed to run command: %s", cmd);
+			else {
+				cmdq_error(cdata->item,
+				    "failed to run command: %s", cmd);
+				cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
+			}
 			cmd_run_shell_free(cdata);
+		}
 		return;
 	}
 
@@ -194,7 +226,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
 		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
 			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, "%s", error);
+			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
 		} else
 			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
 		free(error);

cmd-save-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-save-buffer.c,v 1.57 2025/10/28 07:32:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ cmd_save_buffer_done(__unused struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 		return;
 
 	if (error != 0)
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", path, strerror(error));
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", strerror(error), path);
 	cmdq_continue(item);
 }
 
@@ -78,7 +78,8 @@ cmd_save_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	int			 flags;
 	const char		*bufname = args_get(args, 'b'), *bufdata;
 	size_t			 bufsize;
-	char			*path, *tmp;
+	char			*path;
+	struct evbuffer		*evb;
 
 	if (bufname == NULL) {
 		if ((pb = paste_get_top(NULL)) == NULL) {
@@ -96,10 +97,12 @@ cmd_save_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_buffer_entry) {
 		if (c->session != NULL || (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)) {
-			utf8_stravisx(&tmp, bufdata, bufsize,
-			    VIS_OCTAL|VIS_CSTYLE|VIS_TAB);
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s", tmp);
-			free(tmp);
+			evb = evbuffer_new();
+			if (evb == NULL)
+				fatalx("out of memory");
+			evbuffer_add(evb, bufdata, bufsize);
+			cmdq_print_data(item, evb);
+			evbuffer_free(evb);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		}
 		path = xstrdup("-");

cmd-select-layout.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-layout.c,v 1.43 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ cmd_select_layout_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		previous = 1;
 
 	oldlayout = w->old_layout;
-	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w->layout_root);
+	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w, w->layout_root);
 
 	if (next || previous) {
 		if (next)
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ changed:
 	free(oldlayout);
 	recalculate_sizes();
 	server_redraw_window(w);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", w);
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", w);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 error:

cmd-select-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-pane.c,v 1.77 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -80,6 +80,69 @@ cmd_select_pane_redraw(struct window *w)
 	}
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_select_pane_marked_pane(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *lwp = NULL, *mwp;
+	struct session		*s = target->s;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'm') && !window_pane_is_visible(wp))
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	if (server_check_marked())
+		lwp = marked_pane.wp;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') || server_is_marked(s, wl, wp))
+		server_clear_marked();
+	else
+		server_set_marked(s, wl, wp);
+	mwp = marked_pane.wp;
+
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	if (mwp != NULL)
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, mwp, 0);
+	else if (lwp != NULL)
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, lwp, 0);
+	else
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, wp, 0);
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+	if (mwp != NULL) {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", mwp);
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "new_pane", mwp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", mwp->window);
+	} else if (lwp != NULL) {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", lwp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", lwp->window);
+	} else {
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", wp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", wp->window);
+	}
+	if (lwp != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "old_pane", lwp);
+	event_payload_set_int(ep, "marked", mwp != NULL);
+	events_fire("marked-pane-changed", ep);
+
+	if (lwp != NULL) {
+		lwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(lwp->window);
+		server_status_window(lwp->window);
+	}
+	if (mwp != NULL) {
+		mwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+		server_redraw_window_borders(mwp->window);
+		server_status_window(mwp->window);
+	}
+	if (window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		window_redraw_active_switch(wp->window, wp);
+		window_set_active_pane(wp->window, wp, 1);
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -87,19 +150,24 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*current = cmdq_get_current(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
-	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *activewp, *lastwp, *markedwp;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *lastwp;
 	struct options		*oo = wp->options;
 	char			*title;
 	const char		*style;
 	struct options_entry	*o;
 
 	if (entry == &cmd_last_pane_entry || args_has(args, 'l')) {
-		lastwp = w->last;
-		if (lastwp == NULL && window_count_panes(w) == 2) {
+		/*
+		 * Check for no last pane found in case the other pane was
+		 * spawned without being visited (for example split-window -d).
+		 */
+		lastwp = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->last_panes);
+		if (lastwp == NULL && window_count_panes(w, 1) == 2) {
 			lastwp = TAILQ_PREV(w->active, window_panes, entry);
 			if (lastwp == NULL)
 				lastwp = TAILQ_NEXT(w->active, entry);
@@ -130,32 +198,8 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'm') || args_has(args, 'M')) {
-		if (args_has(args, 'm') && !window_pane_visible(wp))
-			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		if (server_check_marked())
-			lastwp = marked_pane.wp;
-		else
-			lastwp = NULL;
-
-		if (args_has(args, 'M') || server_is_marked(s, wl, wp))
-			server_clear_marked();
-		else
-			server_set_marked(s, wl, wp);
-		markedwp = marked_pane.wp;
-
-		if (lastwp != NULL) {
-			lastwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED);
-			server_redraw_window_borders(lastwp->window);
-			server_status_window(lastwp->window);
-		}
-		if (markedwp != NULL) {
-			markedwp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED);
-			server_redraw_window_borders(markedwp->window);
-			server_status_window(markedwp->window);
-		}
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'm') || args_has(args, 'M'))
+		return (cmd_select_pane_marked_pane(self, item));
 
 	style = args_get(args, 'P');
 	if (style != NULL) {
@@ -165,7 +209,7 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 		options_set_string(oo, "window-active-style", 0, "%s", style);
-		wp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED);
+		wp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'g')) {
 		cmdq_print(item, "%s", options_get_string(oo, "window-style"));
@@ -207,8 +251,14 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
-		if (screen_set_title(&wp->base, title)) {
-			notify_pane("pane-title-changed", wp);
+		if (screen_set_title(&wp->base, title, 0)) {
+			ep = event_payload_create();
+			cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, wp, 0);
+			event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+			event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", wp);
+			event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", wp->window);
+			event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_title", "%s", title);
+			events_fire("pane-title-changed", ep);
 			server_redraw_window_borders(wp->window);
 			server_status_window(wp->window);
 		}
@@ -216,18 +266,12 @@ cmd_select_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_ACTIVEPANE))
-		activewp = server_client_get_pane(c);
-	else
-		activewp = w->active;
-	if (wp == activewp)
+	if (wp == w->active)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	if (window_push_zoom(w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 	window_redraw_active_switch(w, wp);
-	if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL && (c->flags & CLIENT_ACTIVEPANE))
-		server_client_set_pane(c, wp);
-	else if (window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1))
+	if (window_set_active_pane(w, wp, 1))
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);
 	cmdq_insert_hook(s, item, current, "after-select-pane");
 	cmd_select_pane_redraw(w);

cmd-select-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-window.c,v 1.30 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-send-keys.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-send-keys.c,v 1.81 2026/06/11 19:13:34 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -33,13 +33,14 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_send_keys_entry = {
 	.name = "send-keys",
 	.alias = "send",
 
-	.args = { "FHlMN:Rt:X", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-FHlMRX] [-N repeat-count] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
-	         " key ...",
+	.args = { "c:FHKlMN:Rt:X", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-FHKlMRX] [-c target-client] [-N repeat-count] "
+	         CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [key ...]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_CFLAG|CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL|
+		 CMD_READONLY,
 	.exec = cmd_send_keys_exec
 };
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_send_prefix_entry = {
 
 static struct cmdq_item *
 cmd_send_keys_inject_key(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
-    key_code key)
+    struct args *args, key_code key)
 {
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
@@ -66,8 +67,29 @@ cmd_send_keys_inject_key(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
 	struct winlink			*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
-	struct key_table		*table;
+	struct key_table		*table = NULL;
 	struct key_binding		*bd;
+	struct key_event		*event;
+	struct cmdq_item		*new_after = after;
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'K')) {
+		if (tc == NULL)
+			return (item);
+		event = xcalloc(1, sizeof *event);
+		event->key = key|KEYC_SENT;
+		memset(&event->m, 0, sizeof event->m);
+		if (after == NULL) {
+			if (server_client_handle_key(tc, event) != 0)
+				return (item);
+		} else {
+			if (server_client_handle_key_after(tc, event, after,
+			    &new_after) != 0)
+				return (new_after);
+		}
+		free(event->buf);
+		free(event);
+		return (item);
+	}
 
 	wme = TAILQ_FIRST(&wp->modes);
 	if (wme == NULL || wme->mode->key_table == NULL) {
@@ -102,14 +124,16 @@ cmd_send_keys_inject_string(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
 		n = strtol(s, &endptr, 16);
 		if (*s =='\0' || n < 0 || n > 0xff || *endptr != '\0')
 			return (item);
-		return (cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, KEYC_LITERAL|n));
+		return (cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, args,
+		    KEYC_LITERAL|n));
 	}
 
 	literal = args_has(args, 'l');
 	if (!literal) {
 		key = key_string_lookup_string(s);
 		if (key != KEYC_NONE && key != KEYC_UNKNOWN) {
-			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, key);
+			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, args,
+			    key);
 			if (after != NULL)
 				return (after);
 		}
@@ -125,7 +149,8 @@ cmd_send_keys_inject_string(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmdq_item *after,
 					continue;
 				key = uc;
 			}
-			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, key);
+			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, args,
+			    key);
 		}
 		free(ud);
 	}
@@ -150,8 +175,14 @@ cmd_send_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
 	char				*cause = NULL;
 
+	if (tc != NULL && tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY && !args_has(args, 'X')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'N')) {
-		np = args_strtonum(args, 'N', 1, UINT_MAX, &cause);
+		np = args_strtonum_and_expand(args, 'N', 1, UINT_MAX, item,
+			 &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "repeat count %s", cause);
 			free(cause);
@@ -192,21 +223,23 @@ cmd_send_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			key = options_get_number(s->options, "prefix2");
 		else
 			key = options_get_number(s->options, "prefix");
-		cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, item, key);
+		cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, item, args, key);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'R')) {
 		colour_palette_clear(&wp->palette);
 		input_reset(wp->ictx, 1);
-		wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_REDRAW);
+		wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED|PANE_REDRAW);
 	}
 
 	if (count == 0) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'N') || args_has(args, 'R'))
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		after = args_has(args, 'K') ? item : NULL;
 		for (; np != 0; np--)
-			cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, NULL, event->key);
+			after = cmd_send_keys_inject_key(item, after, args,
+			    event->key);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 

cmd-server-access.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-server-access.c,v 1.6 2026/06/09 12:58:40 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2021 Dallas Lyons <dallasdlyons@gmail.com>
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
 #include <sys/stat.h>
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <grp.h>
 #include <pwd.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -37,66 +38,71 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_server_access_entry = {
 	.name = "server-access",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "adlrw", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-adlrw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [user]",
+	.args = { "adglrw", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-adglrw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [user|group]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL,
 	.exec = cmd_server_access_exec
 };
 
 static enum cmd_retval
-cmd_server_access_deny(struct cmdq_item *item, struct passwd *pw)
+cmd_server_access_deny(struct cmdq_item *item, id_t id, int flags,
+    const char *type, const char *name)
 {
-	struct client		*loop;
-	struct server_acl_user	*user;
-	uid_t			 uid;
-
-	if ((user = server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid)) == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+	if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(loop, &clients, entry) {
-		uid = proc_get_peer_uid(loop->peer);
-		if (uid == server_acl_get_uid(user)) {
-			loop->exit_message = xstrdup("access not allowed");
-			loop->flags |= CLIENT_EXIT;
-		}
-	}
-	server_acl_user_deny(pw->pw_uid);
-
+	server_acl_deny(id, flags);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_server_access_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-
 	struct args	*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	char		*name;
-	struct passwd	*pw = NULL;
+	char		*arg;
+	const char	*name = NULL, *type;
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+	struct group	*gr;
+	id_t		 id;
+	int		 flags = 0;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'l')) {
 		server_acl_display(item);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "missing user argument");
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing user or group argument");
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
-	name = format_single(item, args_string(args, 0), c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
-	if (*name != '\0')
-		pw = getpwnam(name);
-	if (pw == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "unknown user: %s", name);
+	arg = format_single(item, args_string(args, 0), c, NULL, NULL, NULL);
+	if (args_has(args, 'g')) {
+		type = "group";
+		if ((gr = getgrnam(arg)) != NULL) {
+			id = gr->gr_gid;
+			name = gr->gr_name;
+			flags |= SERVER_ACL_IS_GROUP;
+		}
+	} else {
+		type = "user";
+		if ((pw = getpwnam(arg)) != NULL) {
+			id = pw->pw_uid;
+			name = pw->pw_name;
+		}
+	}
+	if (name == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "unknown %s: %s", type, arg);
+		free(arg);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
-	free(name);
+	free(arg);
 
-	if (pw->pw_uid == 0 || pw->pw_uid == getuid()) {
+	if ((~flags & SERVER_ACL_IS_GROUP) && (id == 0 || id == getuid())) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s owns the server, can't change access",
-		    pw->pw_name);
+		    name);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -110,36 +116,35 @@ cmd_server_access_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
-		return (cmd_server_access_deny(item, pw));
+		return (cmd_server_access_deny(item, id, flags, type, name));
 	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s is already added",
-			    pw->pw_name);
+		if (server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s is already added", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_allow(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_allow(id, flags);
 		/* Do not return - allow -r or -w with -a. */
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'r') || args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		/* -r or -w implies -a if user does not exist. */
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL)
-			server_acl_user_allow(pw->pw_uid);
+		/* -r or -w implies -a if the entry does not exist. */
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags))
+			server_acl_allow(id, flags);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_allow_write(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_allow_write(id, flags);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'r')) {
-		if (server_acl_user_find(pw->pw_uid) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "user %s not found", pw->pw_name);
+		if (!server_acl_find(id, flags)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s %s not found", type, name);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		server_acl_user_deny_write(pw->pw_uid);
+		server_acl_deny_write(id, flags);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 

cmd-set-buffer.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-buffer.c,v 1.37 2026/02/15 17:43:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_buffer_entry = {
 
 	.args = { "ab:t:n:w", 0, 1, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-aw] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-n new-buffer-name] "
-	         CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " data",
+	         CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE " [data]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG|CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL,
 	.exec = cmd_set_buffer_exec
@@ -57,53 +57,59 @@ cmd_set_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct paste_buffer	*pb;
-	char			*bufdata, *cause;
-	const char		*bufname, *olddata;
-	size_t			 bufsize, newsize;
+	struct paste_buffer	*pb = NULL;
+	char			*bufname = NULL, *bufdata = NULL, *cause = NULL;
+	const char		*olddata;
+	size_t			 bufsize = 0, newsize;
 
-	bufname = args_get(args, 'b');
-	if (bufname == NULL)
-		pb = NULL;
-	else
+	if (args_get(args, 'b') != NULL) {
+		bufname = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'b'));
 		pb = paste_get_name(bufname);
+	}
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_delete_buffer_entry) {
-		if (pb == NULL)
+		if (pb == NULL) {
+			if (bufname != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "unknown buffer: %s", bufname);
+				goto fail;
+			}
 			pb = paste_get_top(&bufname);
+		}
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "no buffer");
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		paste_free(pb);
+		free(bufname);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'n')) {
-		if (pb == NULL)
+		if (pb == NULL) {
+			if (bufname != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "unknown buffer: %s", bufname);
+				goto fail;
+			}
 			pb = paste_get_top(&bufname);
+		}
 		if (pb == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "no buffer");
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		if (paste_rename(bufname, args_get(args, 'n'), &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		}
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (args_count(args) != 1) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "no data specified");
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	if ((newsize = strlen(args_string(args, 0))) == 0)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
-	bufsize = 0;
-	bufdata = NULL;
-
 	if (args_has(args, 'a') && pb != NULL) {
 		olddata = paste_buffer_data(pb, &bufsize);
 		bufdata = xmalloc(bufsize);
@@ -116,12 +122,16 @@ cmd_set_buffer_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	if (paste_set(bufdata, bufsize, bufname, &cause) != 0) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-		free(bufdata);
-		free(cause);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'w') && tc != NULL)
- 		tty_set_selection(&tc->tty, bufdata, bufsize);
+ 		tty_set_selection(&tc->tty, "", bufdata, bufsize);
 
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(bufdata);
+	free(bufname);
+	free(cause);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-set-environment.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-environment.c,v 1.29 2025/04/09 06:27:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_environment_entry = {
 	.alias = "setenv",
 
 	.args = { "Fhgrt:u", 1, 2, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-Fhgru] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE " name [value]",
+	.usage = "[-Fhgru] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE " variable [value]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 

cmd-set-option.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-set-option.c,v 1.146 2026/07/10 15:20:06 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ static enum args_parse_type	cmd_set_option_args_parse(struct args *,
 				    u_int, char **);
 static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *,
 				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_hook_event_exec(struct cmd *,
+				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval		cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(struct cmdq_item *,
+				    struct args *, int);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_option_entry = {
 	.name = "set-option",
@@ -62,8 +66,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_hook_entry = {
 	.name = "set-hook",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "agpRt:uw", 1, 2, cmd_set_option_args_parse },
-	.usage = "[-agpRuw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " hook [command]",
+	.args = { "agpERTt:uB:w", 0, 2, cmd_set_option_args_parse },
+	.usage = "[-agpERTuw] [-B name:what:format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
+		 "[hook] [command]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -72,14 +77,152 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_set_hook_entry = {
 };
 
 static enum args_parse_type
-cmd_set_option_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, u_int idx,
+cmd_set_option_args_parse(struct args *args, u_int idx,
     __unused char **cause)
 {
+	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
+		return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
 	if (idx == 1)
 		return (ARGS_PARSE_COMMANDS_OR_STRING);
 	return (ARGS_PARSE_STRING);
 }
 
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_set_hook_event_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
+	struct client		*c;
+	char			*argument;
+
+	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing argument");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (args_count(args) != 1) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "too many arguments");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
+	if (*argument != '@') {
+		cmdq_error(item, "event name must start with @");
+		free(argument);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	ep = event_payload_create();
+	event_payload_set_target(ep, target);
+	c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	if (c != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_client(ep, "client", c);
+	if (target->s != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_session(ep, "session", target->s);
+	if (target->w != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", target->w);
+	if (target->wl != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_int(ep, "window_index", target->wl->idx);
+	else if (target->idx != -1)
+		event_payload_set_int(ep, "window_index", target->idx);
+	if (target->wp != NULL)
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", target->wp);
+	events_fire(argument, ep);
+	free(argument);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args, int window)
+{
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item), fs;
+	struct options		*oo;
+	struct options_entry	*o;
+	struct session		*s = NULL;
+	char			*cause = NULL, *name = NULL, *format = NULL;
+	char			*expanded = NULL, *newvalue = NULL;
+	const char		*value, *old;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	int			 id, scope, flags = 0;
+
+	if (args_count(args) > 1) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "too many arguments");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	value = args_get(args, 'B');
+	if (args_has(args, 'u')) {
+		if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0)
+			name = xstrdup(value);
+		free(format);
+		format = NULL;
+	} else {
+		if (monitor_parse(value, &name, &type, &id, &format) != 0) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "invalid subscription: %s", value);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (*name != '@') {
+		cmdq_error(item, "monitor hook name must start with @");
+		goto fail;
+	}
+
+	scope = options_scope_from_name(args, window, name, target, &oo,
+	    &cause);
+	if (scope == OPTIONS_TABLE_NONE) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	cmd_find_copy_state(&fs, target);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'u')) {
+		hooks_monitor_remove(oo, name);
+		goto out;
+	}
+
+	if (args_count(args) != 0) {
+		value = args_string(args, 0);
+		if (args_has(args, 'F')) {
+			expanded = format_single_from_target(item, value);
+			value = expanded;
+		}
+		o = options_get_only(oo, name);
+		if (!args_has(args, 'o') || o == NULL) {
+			if (args_has(args, 'a') && o != NULL) {
+				old = options_get_string(oo, name);
+				xasprintf(&newvalue, "%s%s", old, value);
+				value = newvalue;
+			}
+			options_set_string(oo, name, 0, "%s", value);
+			options_push_changes(name);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (oo != global_options &&
+	    oo != global_s_options &&
+	    oo != global_w_options)
+		s = target->s;
+	if (args_has(args, 'T'))
+		flags |= MONITOR_NOTIFY_TRUE;
+	hooks_monitor_add(item, oo, name, type, id, format, flags, &fs, s);
+
+out:
+	free(newvalue);
+	free(expanded);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	free(newvalue);
+	free(expanded);
+	free(name);
+	free(format);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -89,26 +232,34 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane		*loop;
 	struct options			*oo;
 	struct options_entry		*parent, *o, *po;
-	char				*name, *argument, *expanded = NULL;
-	char				*cause;
+	char				*name, *argument, *cause;
+	char				*expanded = NULL, *array_key = NULL;
 	const char			*value;
-	int				 window, idx, already, error, ambiguous;
+	int				 window, already, error, ambiguous;
 	int				 scope;
 
 	window = (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_window_option_entry);
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'E'))
+		return (cmd_set_hook_event_exec(self, item));
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'B'))
+		return (cmd_set_hook_monitor_exec(item, args, window));
+	if (args_count(args) == 0) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "missing argument");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	/* Expand argument. */
 	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 
 	/* If set-hook -R, fire the hook straight away. */
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry && args_has(args, 'R')) {
-		notify_hook(item, argument);
+		hooks_run(item, argument);
 		free(argument);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	/* Parse option name and index. */
-	name = options_match(argument, &idx, &ambiguous);
+	/* Parse option name and array key. */
+	name = options_match(argument, &array_key, &ambiguous);
 	if (name == NULL) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
@@ -140,21 +291,23 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	o = options_get_only(oo, name);
 	parent = options_get(oo, name);
 
-	/* Check that array options and indexes match up. */
-	if (idx != -1 && (*name == '@' || !options_is_array(parent))) {
+	/* Check that array options and keys match up. */
+	if (array_key != NULL && (*name == '@' || !options_is_array(parent))) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "not an array: %s", argument);
 		goto fail;
 	}
 
 	/* With -o, check this option is not already set. */
 	if (!args_has(args, 'u') && args_has(args, 'o')) {
-		if (idx == -1)
+		if (array_key == NULL)
 			already = (o != NULL);
 		else {
 			if (o == NULL)
 				already = 0;
+			else if (options_array_get(o, array_key) != NULL)
+				already = 1;
 			else
-				already = (options_array_get(o, idx) != NULL);
+				already = 0;
 		}
 		if (already) {
 			if (args_has(args, 'q'))
@@ -170,7 +323,8 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			po = options_get_only(loop->options, name);
 			if (po == NULL)
 				continue;
-			if (options_remove_or_default(po, idx, &cause) != 0) {
+			if (options_remove_or_default(po, array_key,
+			    &cause) != 0) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 				free(cause);
 				goto fail;
@@ -180,7 +334,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'u') || args_has(args, 'U')) {
 		if (o == NULL)
 			goto out;
-		if (options_remove_or_default(o, idx, &cause) != 0) {
+		if (options_remove_or_default(o, array_key, &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
 			goto fail;
@@ -191,7 +345,9 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			goto fail;
 		}
 		options_set_string(oo, name, append, "%s", value);
-	} else if (idx == -1 && !options_is_array(parent)) {
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_set_hook_entry)
+			hooks_add_event(name);
+	} else if (array_key == NULL && !options_is_array(parent)) {
 		error = options_from_string(oo, options_table_entry(parent),
 		    options_table_entry(parent)->name, value,
 		    args_has(args, 'a'), &cause);
@@ -207,7 +363,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		}
 		if (o == NULL)
 			o = options_empty(oo, options_table_entry(parent));
-		if (idx == -1) {
+		if (array_key == NULL) {
 			if (!append)
 				options_array_clear(o);
 			if (options_array_assign(o, value, &cause) != 0) {
@@ -215,7 +371,7 @@ cmd_set_option_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				free(cause);
 				goto fail;
 			}
-		} else if (options_array_set(o, idx, value, append,
+		} else if (options_array_set(o, array_key, value, append,
 		    &cause) != 0) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
@@ -229,11 +385,13 @@ out:
 	free(argument);
 	free(expanded);
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
 	free(argument);
 	free(expanded);
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-show-environment.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-environment.c,v 1.29 2025/04/09 06:27:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_environment_entry = {
 	.alias = "showenv",
 
 	.args = { "hgst:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-hgs] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE " [name]",
+	.usage = "[-hgs] " CMD_TARGET_SESSION_USAGE " [variable]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_SESSION, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 

cmd-show-messages.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-messages.c,v 1.37 2025/11/18 08:37:54 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_messages_entry = {
 	.args = { "JTt:", 0, 0, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-JT] " CMD_TARGET_CLIENT_USAGE,
 
-	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK|CMD_CLIENT_TFLAG|CMD_CLIENT_CANFAIL,
 	.exec = cmd_show_messages_exec
 };
 
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ cmd_show_messages_terminals(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, int blank)
 
 	n = 0;
 	LIST_FOREACH(term, &tty_terms, entry) {
-		if (args_has(args, 't') && term != tc->tty.term)
+		if (args_has(args, 't') && tc != NULL && term != tc->tty.term)
 			continue;
 		if (blank) {
 			cmdq_print(item, "%s", "");

cmd-show-options.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-options.c,v 1.76 2026/07/27 19:15:58 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,10 +27,23 @@
  * Show options.
  */
 
+#define SHOW_OPTIONS_TEMPLATE						\
+	"#{?option_value_only,"						\
+	"#{option_value},"						\
+	"#{option_name}#{?option_has_array_key,"			\
+	"[#{option_array_key}],}"					\
+	"#{?option_is_parent,*,}"					\
+	"#{?option_has_value, "						\
+	"#{?option_is_string,#{q/a:option_value},#{option_value}},}}"
+#define SHOW_HOOKS_MONITOR_TEMPLATE					\
+	"#{option_name}:#{hook_monitor_target}:#{hook_monitor_format}"
+
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 static void		cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
-			    struct options_entry *, int, int);
+			    struct options_entry *, const char *, int);
+static void		cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(struct cmd *,
+			    struct cmdq_item *, struct options_entry *);
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *,
 			    int, struct options *);
 
@@ -38,8 +51,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_options_entry = {
 	.name = "show-options",
 	.alias = "show",
 
-	.args = { "AgHpqst:vw", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-AgHpqsvw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [option]",
+	.args = { "AgF:Hpqst:vw", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-AgHpqsvw] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [option]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -51,8 +64,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_window_options_entry = {
 	.name = "show-window-options",
 	.alias = "showw",
 
-	.args = { "gvt:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-gv] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [option]",
+	.args = { "F:gvt:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-gv] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_WINDOW_USAGE " [option]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -64,8 +77,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_hooks_entry = {
 	.name = "show-hooks",
 	.alias = NULL,
 
-	.args = { "gpt:w", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-gpw] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
+	.args = { "BF:gpt:w", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Bgpw] [-F format] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [hook]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
@@ -80,7 +93,8 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct options			*oo;
 	char				*argument, *name = NULL, *cause;
-	int				 window, idx, ambiguous, parent, scope;
+	char				*array_key = NULL;
+	int				 window, ambiguous, parent, print_parent, scope;
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 
 	window = (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_window_options_entry);
@@ -95,11 +109,20 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
+		    args_has(args, 'B')) {
+			o = options_first(oo);
+			while (o != NULL) {
+				cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(self, item, o);
+				o = options_next(o);
+			}
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
 		return (cmd_show_options_all(self, item, scope, oo));
 	}
 	argument = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 
-	name = options_match(argument, &idx, &ambiguous);
+	name = options_match(argument, &array_key, &ambiguous);
 	if (name == NULL) {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
@@ -124,9 +147,20 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		parent = 1;
 	} else
 		parent = 0;
-	if (o != NULL)
-		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx, parent);
-	else if (*name == '@') {
+	if (o != NULL) {
+		if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry &&
+		    args_has(args, 'B'))
+			cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(self, item, o);
+		else {
+			print_parent = parent;
+			if (array_key == NULL && options_is_array(o) &&
+			    options_array_first(o) == NULL) {
+				print_parent = 0;
+			}
+			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, array_key,
+			    print_parent);
+		}
+	} else if (*name == '@') {
 		if (args_has(args, 'q'))
 			goto out;
 		cmdq_error(item, "invalid option: %s", argument);
@@ -135,64 +169,171 @@ cmd_show_options_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 out:
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	free(argument);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
 	free(name);
+	free(array_key);
 	free(argument);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static void
 cmd_show_options_print(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
-    struct options_entry *o, int idx, int parent)
+    struct options_entry *o, const char *array_key, int parent)
 {
-	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	const char			*name = options_name(o);
-	char				*value, *tmp = NULL, *escaped;
+	struct args			 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct options_array_item	 *a;
+	struct format_tree		 *ft;
+	const char			 *name = options_name(o);
+	const char			 *template = args_get(args, 'F');
+	char				 *value, *line;
+	struct timeval			  tv = { 0 };
+	u_int				  fire_count;
+	time_t				  fire_time;
+	int				  is_hook = 0, is_user = 0;
+	int				  has_value = 1;
+	const struct options_table_entry *oe = options_table_entry(o);
 
-	if (idx != -1) {
-		xasprintf(&tmp, "%s[%d]", name, idx);
-		name = tmp;
-	} else {
-		if (options_is_array(o)) {
-			a = options_array_first(o);
-			if (a == NULL) {
-				if (!args_has(args, 'v'))
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s", name);
-				return;
-			}
+	if (array_key != NULL)
+		value = options_to_string(o, array_key, 0);
+	else if (options_is_array(o)) {
+		a = options_array_first(o);
+		if (a != NULL) {
 			while (a != NULL) {
-				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx,
+				array_key = options_array_item_key(a);
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, array_key,
 				    parent);
 				a = options_array_next(a);
 			}
 			return;
 		}
-	}
+		if (template == NULL && args_has(args, 'v'))
+			return;
+		value = xstrdup("");
+		has_value = 0;
+	} else
+		value = options_to_string(o, NULL, 0);
 
-	value = options_to_string(o, idx, 0);
-	if (args_has(args, 'v'))
-		cmdq_print(item, "%s", value);
-	else if (options_is_string(o)) {
-		escaped = args_escape(value);
-		if (parent)
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, escaped);
-		else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, escaped);
-		free(escaped);
+	if (template == NULL)
+		template = SHOW_OPTIONS_TEMPLATE;
+
+	if (oe != NULL && (oe->flags & OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_HOOK))
+		is_hook = 1;
+	else if (oe == NULL)
+		is_user = 1;
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	format_add(ft, "option_name", "%s", name);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value", "%s", value);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value_only", "%d", args_has(args, 'v'));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_parent", "%d", parent);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_array", "%d", options_is_array(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_string", "%d", options_is_string(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_hook", "%d", is_hook);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_user", "%d", is_user);
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_value", "%d", has_value);
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
+		fire_count = options_get_fire_count(o);
+		format_add(ft, "hook_fire_count", "%u", fire_count);
+
+		fire_time = options_get_fire_time(o);
+		if (fire_time != 0) {
+			tv.tv_sec = fire_time;
+			format_add_tv(ft, "hook_fire_time", &tv);
+		}
+	}
+	if (array_key != NULL) {
+		format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", array_key);
+		format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "1");
 	} else {
-		if (parent)
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s* %s", name, value);
-		else
-			cmdq_print(item, "%s %s", name, value);
+		format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", "");
+		format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "0");
 	}
-	free(value);
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	format_free(ft);
 
-	free(tmp);
+	cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+	free(value);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_show_hooks_print_monitor(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct options_entry *o)
+{
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	enum monitor_type	 type;
+	const char		*template = args_get(args, 'F'), *format;
+	char			*value, *target, *line;
+	struct timeval		 tv = { 0 };
+	u_int			 fire_count;
+	time_t			 fire_time;
+	int			 id;
+
+	value = hooks_monitor_to_string(o);
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (!hooks_monitor_get(o, &type, &id, &format)) {
+		free(value);
+		return;
+	}
+	if (template == NULL)
+		template = SHOW_HOOKS_MONITOR_TEMPLATE;
+
+	switch (type) {
+	case MONITOR_SESSION:
+		target = xstrdup("");
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_PANE:
+		xasprintf(&target, "%%%d", id);
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_ALL_PANES:
+		target = xstrdup("%*");
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_WINDOW:
+		xasprintf(&target, "@%d", id);
+		break;
+	case MONITOR_ALL_WINDOWS:
+		target = xstrdup("@*");
+		break;
+	}
+
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	format_add(ft, "option_name", "%s", options_name(o));
+	format_add(ft, "option_value", "%s", value);
+	format_add(ft, "option_value_only", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_parent", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_array", "%d", 0);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_string", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_hook", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_is_user", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_value", "%d", 1);
+	format_add(ft, "option_array_key", "%s", "");
+	format_add(ft, "option_has_array_key", "0");
+
+	format_add(ft, "hook_monitor_target", "%s", target);
+	format_add(ft, "hook_monitor_format", "%s", format);
+
+	fire_count = hooks_monitor_get_fire_count(o);
+	format_add(ft, "hook_fire_count", "%u", fire_count);
+
+	fire_time = hooks_monitor_get_fire_time(o);
+	if (fire_time != 0) {
+		tv.tv_sec = fire_time;
+		format_add_tv(ft, "hook_fire_time", &tv);
+	}
+
+	line = format_expand(ft, template);
+	format_free(ft);
+
+	cmdq_print(item, "%s", line);
+	free(line);
+	free(target);
+	free(value);
 }
 
 static enum cmd_retval
@@ -202,18 +343,29 @@ cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, int scope,
 	struct args				*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
 	struct options_entry			*o;
-	struct options_array_item		*a;
 	const char				*name;
-	u_int					 idx;
-	int					 parent;
+	int					 parent, is_user_hook;
 
-	if (cmd_get_entry(self) != &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
-		o = options_first(oo);
-		while (o != NULL) {
-			if (options_table_entry(o) == NULL)
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1, 0);
-			o = options_next(o);
+	o = options_first(oo);
+	while (o != NULL) {
+		if (options_table_entry(o) == NULL) {
+			name = options_name(o);
+			is_user_hook = 0;
+			if (*name == '@') {
+				if (hooks_is_event(name) ||
+				    options_get_monitor_data(o) != NULL) {
+					is_user_hook = 1;
+				}
+			}
+			if (cmd_get_entry(self) != &cmd_show_hooks_entry) {
+				if (!is_user_hook || args_has(args, 'H')) {
+					cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o,
+					    NULL, 0);
+				}
+			} else if (is_user_hook)
+				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, NULL, 0);
 		}
+		o = options_next(o);
 	}
 	for (oe = options_table; oe->name != NULL; oe++) {
 		if (~oe->scope & scope)
@@ -237,24 +389,7 @@ cmd_show_options_all(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, int scope,
 		} else
 			parent = 0;
 
-		if (!options_is_array(o))
-			cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, -1, parent);
-		else if ((a = options_array_first(o)) == NULL) {
-			if (!args_has(args, 'v')) {
-				name = options_name(o);
-				if (parent)
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s*", name);
-				else
-					cmdq_print(item, "%s", name);
-			}
-		} else {
-			while (a != NULL) {
-				idx = options_array_item_index(a);
-				cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, idx,
-				    parent);
-				a = options_array_next(a);
-			}
-		}
+		cmd_show_options_print(self, item, o, NULL, parent);
 	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-show-prompt-history.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-show-prompt-history.c,v 1.5 2026/06/25 11:39:11 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2021 Anindya Mukherjee <anindya49@hotmail.com>
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_show_prompt_history_entry = {
 	.alias = "showphist",
 
 	.args = { "T:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-T type]",
+	.usage = "[-T prompt-type]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_show_prompt_history_exec
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_clear_prompt_history_entry = {
 	.alias = "clearphist",
 
 	.args = { "T:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-T type]",
+	.usage = "[-T prompt-type]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_show_prompt_history_exec
@@ -55,51 +55,44 @@ cmd_show_prompt_history_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const char		*typestr = args_get(args, 'T');
 	enum prompt_type	 type;
-	u_int			 tidx, hidx;
+	u_int			 t, h;
+	const char		*v;
 
 	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_clear_prompt_history_entry) {
 		if (typestr == NULL) {
-			for (tidx = 0; tidx < PROMPT_NTYPES; tidx++) {
-				free(status_prompt_hlist[tidx]);
-				status_prompt_hlist[tidx] = NULL;
-				status_prompt_hsize[tidx] = 0;
-			}
+			for (t = 0; t < PROMPT_NTYPES; t++)
+				prompt_history_clear(t);
 		} else {
-			type = status_prompt_type(typestr);
+			type = prompt_type(typestr);
 			if (type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 				cmdq_error(item, "invalid type: %s", typestr);
 				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 			}
-			free(status_prompt_hlist[type]);
-			status_prompt_hlist[type] = NULL;
-			status_prompt_hsize[type] = 0;
+			prompt_history_clear(type);
 		}
-
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	if (typestr == NULL) {
-		for (tidx = 0; tidx < PROMPT_NTYPES; tidx++) {
-			cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n",
-			    status_prompt_type_string(tidx));
-			for (hidx = 0; hidx < status_prompt_hsize[tidx];
-			    hidx++) {
-				cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", hidx + 1,
-				    status_prompt_hlist[tidx][hidx]);
+		for (t = 0; t < PROMPT_NTYPES; t++) {
+			typestr = prompt_type_string(t);
+			cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n", typestr);
+			for (h = 0; h < prompt_history_size(t); h++) {
+				v = prompt_history_get(t, h);
+				cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", h + 1, v);
 			}
 			cmdq_print(item, "%s", "");
 		}
 	} else {
-		type = status_prompt_type(typestr);
+		type = prompt_type(typestr);
 		if (type == PROMPT_TYPE_INVALID) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid type: %s", typestr);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n",
-		    status_prompt_type_string(type));
-		for (hidx = 0; hidx < status_prompt_hsize[type]; hidx++) {
-			cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", hidx + 1,
-			    status_prompt_hlist[type][hidx]);
+		cmdq_print(item, "History for %s:\n", prompt_type_string(type));
+		for (h = 0; h < prompt_history_size(type); h++) {
+			v = prompt_history_get(type, h);
+			cmdq_print(item, "%d: %s", h + 1, v);
 		}
 		cmdq_print(item, "%s", "");
 	}

cmd-source-file.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-source-file.c,v 1.62 2025/11/18 08:42:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 
 #include <sys/types.h>
 
+#include <ctype.h>
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <glob.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
@@ -29,14 +30,19 @@
  * Sources a configuration file.
  */
 
+#define CMD_SOURCE_FILE_DEPTH_LIMIT 50
+static u_int cmd_source_file_depth;
+
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_source_file_entry = {
 	.name = "source-file",
 	.alias = "source",
 
-	.args = { "Fnqv", 1, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-Fnqv] path ...",
+	.args = { "t:Fnqv", 1, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-Fnqv] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " path ...",
+
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
 
 	.flags = 0,
 	.exec = cmd_source_file_exec
@@ -57,6 +63,16 @@ struct cmd_source_file_data {
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_source_file_complete_cb(struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
 {
+	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+
+	if (c == NULL) {
+		cmd_source_file_depth--;
+		log_debug("%s: depth now %u", __func__, cmd_source_file_depth);
+	} else {
+		c->source_file_depth--;
+		log_debug("%s: depth now %u", __func__, c->source_file_depth);
+	}
+
 	cfg_print_causes(item);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
@@ -92,15 +108,16 @@ cmd_source_file_done(struct client *c, const char *path, int error,
 	size_t				 bsize = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(buffer);
 	u_int				 n;
 	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
+	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 
 	if (!closed)
 		return;
 
 	if (error != 0)
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", path, strerror(error));
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", strerror(error), path);
 	else if (bsize != 0) {
 		if (load_cfg_from_buffer(bdata, bsize, path, c, cdata->after,
-		    cdata->flags, &new_item) < 0)
+		    target, cdata->flags, &new_item) < 0)
 			cdata->retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 		else if (new_item != NULL)
 			cdata->after = new_item;
@@ -124,6 +141,21 @@ cmd_source_file_add(struct cmd_source_file_data *cdata, const char *path)
 	cdata->files[cdata->nfiles++] = xstrdup(path);
 }
 
+static char *
+cmd_source_file_quote_for_glob(const char *path)
+{
+	char		*quoted = xmalloc(2 * strlen(path) + 1), *q = quoted;
+	const char	*p = path;
+
+	while (*p != '\0') {
+		if ((u_char)*p < 128 && !isalnum((u_char)*p) && *p != '/')
+			*q++ = '\\';
+		*q++ = *p++;
+	}
+	*q = '\0';
+	return (quoted);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -134,9 +166,25 @@ cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	char				*pattern, *cwd, *expanded = NULL;
 	const char			*path, *error;
 	glob_t				 g;
-	int				 result;
+	int				 result, parse_flags;
 	u_int				 i, j;
 
+	if (c == NULL) {
+		if (cmd_source_file_depth >= CMD_SOURCE_FILE_DEPTH_LIMIT) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "too many nested files");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		cmd_source_file_depth++;
+		log_debug("%s: depth now %u", __func__, cmd_source_file_depth);
+	} else {
+		if (c->source_file_depth >= CMD_SOURCE_FILE_DEPTH_LIMIT) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "too many nested files");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+		c->source_file_depth++;
+		log_debug("%s: depth now %u", __func__, c->source_file_depth);
+	}
+
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	cdata->item = item;
 
@@ -144,10 +192,13 @@ cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->flags |= CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
 	if (args_has(args, 'n'))
 		cdata->flags |= CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY;
-	if (args_has(args, 'v'))
-		cdata->flags |= CMD_PARSE_VERBOSE;
+	if (c == NULL || ~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) {
+		parse_flags = cmd_get_parse_flags(self);
+		if (args_has(args, 'v') || (parse_flags & CMD_PARSE_VERBOSE))
+			cdata->flags |= CMD_PARSE_VERBOSE;
+	}
 
-	utf8_stravis(&cwd, server_client_get_cwd(c, NULL), VIS_GLOB);
+	cwd = cmd_source_file_quote_for_glob(server_client_get_cwd(c, NULL));
 
 	for (i = 0; i < args_count(args); i++) {
 		path = args_string(args, i);
@@ -176,7 +227,7 @@ cmd_source_file_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 					error = strerror(ENOMEM);
 				else
 					error = strerror(EINVAL);
-				cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", path, error);
+				cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", error, path);
 				retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 			}
 			globfree(&g);

cmd-split-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.148 2026/08/07 08:10:53 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -27,22 +27,44 @@
 #include "tmux.h"
 
 /*
- * Split a window (add a new pane).
+ * Create a new pane.
  */
 
 #define SPLIT_WINDOW_TEMPLATE "#{session_name}:#{window_index}.#{pane_index}"
 
-static enum cmd_retval	cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *,
-			    struct cmdq_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
+static void		cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *,
+			    struct mouse_event *);
+
+const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry = {
+	.name = "new-pane",
+	.alias = "newp",
+
+	.args = { "bB:Cc:de:EfF:hIkl:LMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bCdefhIklMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
+		 "[-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
+		 "[-F format] [-l size] [-m message] [-p percentage] "
+		 "[-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
+		 "[-R inactive-border-style] [-T title] [-x width] [-y height] "
+		 "[-X x-position] [-Y y-position] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " "
+		 "[shell-command [argument ...]]",
+
+	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
+
+	.flags = 0,
+	.exec = cmd_split_window_exec
+};
 
 const struct cmd_entry cmd_split_window_entry = {
 	.name = "split-window",
 	.alias = "splitw",
 
-	.args = { "bc:de:fF:hIl:p:Pt:vZ", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-bdefhIPvZ] [-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
-		 "[-F format] [-l size] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
-		 "[shell-command]",
+	.args = { "bB:c:de:EfF:hIkl:m:p:PR:s:S:t:T:vWZ", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-bdefhIklPvWZ] [-B border-lines] [-c start-directory] "
+		 "[-e environment] [-F format] [-l size] [-m message] "
+		 "[-p percentage] [-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
+		 "[-R inactive-border-style] [-T title] "
+	         CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [shell-command [argument ...]]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
 
@@ -61,86 +83,92 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *new_wp;
-	enum layout_type	 type;
-	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *new_wp = NULL;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc = NULL;
+	struct event_payload	*ep;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
-	int			 size, percentage, flags, input;
-	const char		*template, *errstr, *p;
-	char			*cause, *cp, *copy;
-	size_t			 plen;
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	int			 input, empty, is_floating, flags = 0;
+	const char		*template, *style, *value;
+	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *title;
+	const struct options_table_entry *oe;
 	struct args_value	*av;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines;
 	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
-		type = LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT;
-	else
-		type = LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM;
-	if ((p = args_get(args, 'l')) != NULL) {
-		plen = strlen(p);
-		if (p[plen - 1] == '%') {
-			copy = xstrdup(p);
-			copy[plen - 1] = '\0';
-			percentage = strtonum(copy, 0, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-			free(copy);
-			if (errstr != NULL) {
-				cmdq_error(item, "percentage %s", errstr);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-			}
-			if (args_has(args, 'f')) {
-				if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-					size = (w->sy * percentage) / 100;
-				else
-					size = (w->sx * percentage) / 100;
-			} else {
-				if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-					size = (wp->sy * percentage) / 100;
-				else
-					size = (wp->sx * percentage) / 100;
-			}
-		} else {
-			size = args_strtonum(args, 'l', 0, INT_MAX, &cause);
-			if (cause != NULL) {
-				cmdq_error(item, "lines %s", cause);
-				free(cause);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-			}
-		}
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		percentage = args_strtonum(args, 'p', 0, INT_MAX, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: -p %s", cause);
-			free(cause);
+	if (cmd_get_entry(self) == &cmd_new_pane_entry)
+		is_floating = !args_has(args, 'L');
+	else {
+		window_unzoom(w, 1);
+		is_floating = window_pane_is_floating(wp);
+		flags |= SPAWN_SPLIT;
+	}
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		if (!is_floating) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "modal pane must be floating");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-		if (args_has(args, 'f')) {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				size = (w->sy * percentage) / 100;
-			else
-				size = (w->sx * percentage) / 100;
-		} else {
-			if (type == LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM)
-				size = (wp->sy * percentage) / 100;
-			else
-				size = (wp->sx * percentage) / 100;
+		if (w->modal != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "window already has a modal pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-	} else
-		size = -1;
+	}
 
-	window_push_zoom(wp->window, 1, args_has(args, 'Z'));
-	input = (args_has(args, 'I') && count == 0);
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') && is_floating) {
+		if (event == NULL || !event->m.valid || tc == NULL)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
-	flags = 0;
+	if (is_floating)
+		flags |= SPAWN_FLOATING;
+	if (args_has(args, 'h'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_HORIZONTAL;
 	if (args_has(args, 'b'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_BEFORE;
 	if (args_has(args, 'f'))
 		flags |= SPAWN_FULLSIZE;
+	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
+	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_ZOOM;
+	if (args_has(args, 'O'))
+		flags |= SPAWN_MODAL;
+
+	input = args_has(args, 'I');
 	if (input || (count == 1 && *args_string(args, 0) == '\0'))
+		empty = 1;
+	else
+		empty = args_has(args, 'E');
+	if (empty &&
+	    count != 0 &&
+	    (count != 1 || *args_string(args, 0) != '\0')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "command cannot be given for empty pane");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (empty)
 		flags |= SPAWN_EMPTY;
 
-	lc = layout_split_pane(wp, type, size, flags);
-	if (lc == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "no space for new pane");
+	if ((value = args_get(args, 'B')) == NULL)
+		lines = window_get_pane_lines(w);
+	else {
+		oe = options_search("pane-border-lines");
+		lines = options_find_choice(oe, value, &cause);
+		if (cause != NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "pane-border-lines %s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) {
+		lc = layout_get_floating_cell(item, args, lines, w, wp, flags,
+		    &cause);
+	} else
+		lc = layout_get_tiled_cell(item, args, w, wp, flags, &cause);
+	if (cause != NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
 
@@ -162,43 +190,98 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	sc.idx = -1;
 	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'c');
-
 	sc.flags = flags;
-	if (args_has(args, 'd'))
-		sc.flags |= SPAWN_DETACHED;
-	if (args_has(args, 'Z'))
-		sc.flags |= SPAWN_ZOOM;
 
 	if ((new_wp = spawn_pane(&sc, &cause)) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: %s", cause);
 		free(cause);
-		if (sc.argv != NULL)
-			cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-		environ_free(sc.environ);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		/*
+		 * spawn_pane has already torn the half-built pane down (its
+		 * fork-failure path removes the pane and destroys the layout
+		 * cell), so new_wp is NULL and there is nothing for fail to do.
+		 */
+		goto fail;
 	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'C') && args_has(args, 'O'))
+		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CLOSEONCLICK;
+
+	style = args_get(args, 's');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad style: %s", style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+		options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-active-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style);
+		new_wp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|
+		    PANE_THEMECHANGED);
+	}
+	style = args_get(args, 'S');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options,
+		    "pane-active-border-style", 0, "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad active border style: %s", style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+	}
+	style = args_get(args, 'R');
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "pane-border-style", 0,
+		    "%s", style) == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "bad inactive border style: %s",
+			    style);
+			goto fail;
+		}
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
+		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "pane-border-lines", lines);
+	if (args_has(args, 'k') || args_has(args, 'm')) {
+		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 3);
+		if (args_has(args, 'm')) {
+			options_set_string(new_wp->options,
+			    "remain-on-exit-format", 0, "%s",
+			    args_get(args, 'm'));
+		}
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'T')) {
+		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
+		screen_set_title(&new_wp->base, title, 0);
+		ep = event_payload_create();
+		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, new_wp, 0);
+		event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
+		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", new_wp);
+		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", new_wp->window);
+		event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_title", "%s", title);
+		events_fire("pane-title-changed", ep);
+		free(title);
+	}
+
 	if (input) {
 		switch (window_pane_start_input(new_wp, item, &cause)) {
 		case -1:
-			server_client_remove_pane(new_wp);
-			layout_close_pane(new_wp);
-			window_remove_pane(wp->window, new_wp);
 			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
 			free(cause);
-			if (sc.argv != NULL)
-				cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-			environ_free(sc.environ);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			goto fail;
 		case 1:
 			input = 0;
 			break;
 		}
 	}
-	if (!args_has(args, 'd'))
+	if (~flags & SPAWN_DETACHED)
 		cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, new_wp, 0);
-	window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
-	server_redraw_window(wp->window);
-	server_status_session(s);
+
+	if ((~flags & SPAWN_FLOATING) && !args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		window_pop_zoom(wp->window);
+		server_redraw_window(wp->window);
+	}
+	server_redraw_session(s);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'M') && is_floating) {
+		tc->tty.mouse_last_pane = new_wp->id;
+		tc->tty.mouse_drag_update = cmd_split_window_mouse_resize;
+		cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(tc, &event->m);
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'P')) {
 		if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
@@ -216,5 +299,105 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	environ_free(sc.environ);
 	if (input)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'W')) {
+		/*
+		 * With -W, block this command queue item until the pane's
+		 * command exits; window_pane_wait_finish will be called to
+		 * continue it.
+		 */
+		new_wp->wait_item = item;
+		return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+	}
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+fail:
+	/*
+	 * If the pane was spawned before we failed, tear it down here; this
+	 * also destroys its layout cell. spawn_pane's own failure path has
+	 * already done this, so new_wp is NULL in that case.
+	 */
+	if (new_wp != NULL) {
+		server_client_remove_pane(new_wp);
+		if (!is_floating)
+			layout_close_pane(new_wp);
+		window_remove_pane(wp->window, new_wp);
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'O'))
+		window_pop_modal_zoom(wp->window);
+	if (sc.argv != NULL)
+		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
+	environ_free(sc.environ);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	struct window_pane	*wp;
+	struct window		*w;
+	struct layout_cell	*lc;
+	enum pane_lines		 lines;
+	u_int			 sx, sy;
+	int			 x, y, xoff, yoff, border;
+
+	if (c->tty.mouse_last_pane == -1)
+		return;
+	wp = window_pane_find_by_id(c->tty.mouse_last_pane);
+	if (wp == NULL || !window_pane_is_floating(wp)) {
+		c->tty.mouse_drag_update = NULL;
+		return;
+	}
+	w = wp->window;
+	lc = wp->layout_cell;
+
+	x = m->x + m->ox;
+	y = m->y + m->oy;
+	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= (int)m->statuslines)
+		y -= m->statuslines;
+	else if (m->statusat > 0 && y >= m->statusat)
+		y = m->statusat - 1;
+
+	lines = window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp);
+	border = (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE);
+
+	if (x >= (int)c->tty.mouse_drag_x) {
+		xoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_x + border;
+		sx = x - c->tty.mouse_drag_x + 1;
+	} else {
+		sx = c->tty.mouse_drag_x - x + 1;
+		xoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_x - sx + 1;
+		if (border)
+			xoff++;
+	}
+	if (y >= (int)c->tty.mouse_drag_y) {
+		yoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_y + border;
+		sy = y - c->tty.mouse_drag_y + 1;
+	} else {
+		sy = c->tty.mouse_drag_y - y + 1;
+		yoff = c->tty.mouse_drag_y - sy + 1;
+		if (border)
+			yoff++;
+	}
+
+	if (border) {
+		if (sx <= 2)
+			sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		else
+			sx -= 2;
+		if (sy <= 2)
+			sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+		else
+			sy -= 2;
+	}
+	if (sx < PANE_MINIMUM)
+		sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
+	if (sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
+		sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
+
+	layout_set_size(lc, sx, sy, xoff, yoff);
+	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
+	server_redraw_window_borders(w);
 }

cmd-swap-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-swap-pane.c,v 1.55 2026/07/15 13:02:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -42,6 +42,22 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_pane_entry = {
 	.exec = cmd_swap_pane_exec
 };
 
+static struct window_pane *
+cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	while (wp != NULL && !layout_cell_is_tiled(wp->layout_cell))
+		wp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, entry);
+	return (wp);
+}
+
+static struct window_pane *
+cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(struct window_pane *wp)
+{
+	while (wp != NULL && !layout_cell_is_tiled(wp->layout_cell))
+		wp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes, entry);
+	return (wp);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -52,25 +68,47 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*tmp_wp, *src_wp, *dst_wp;
 	struct layout_cell	*src_lc, *dst_lc;
 	u_int			 sx, sy, xoff, yoff;
+	int			 src_idx, dst_idx;
 
 	dst_w = target->wl->window;
 	dst_wp = target->wp;
+	dst_idx = target->wl->idx;
 	src_w = source->wl->window;
 	src_wp = source->wp;
+	src_idx = source->wl->idx;
+
+	if (src_wp == src_w->modal || dst_wp == dst_w->modal) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "pane is modal");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
 
 	if (window_push_zoom(dst_w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
 		server_redraw_window(dst_w);
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'D')) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "cannot swap down on floating pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 		src_w = dst_w;
 		src_wp = TAILQ_NEXT(dst_wp, entry);
-		if (src_wp == NULL)
+		src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		if (src_wp == NULL) {
 			src_wp = TAILQ_FIRST(&dst_w->panes);
+			src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_next_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		}
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'U')) {
+		if (window_pane_is_floating(dst_wp)) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "cannot swap up on floating pane");
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 		src_w = dst_w;
 		src_wp = TAILQ_PREV(dst_wp, window_panes, entry);
-		if (src_wp == NULL)
+		src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		if (src_wp == NULL) {
 			src_wp = TAILQ_LAST(&dst_w->panes, window_panes);
+			src_wp = cmd_swap_pane_prev_tiled_pane(src_wp);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (src_w != dst_w && window_push_zoom(src_w, 0, args_has(args, 'Z')))
@@ -92,6 +130,16 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	else
 		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->panes, tmp_wp, src_wp, entry);
 
+	tmp_wp = TAILQ_PREV(dst_wp, window_panes, zentry);
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&dst_w->z_index, dst_wp, zentry);
+	TAILQ_REPLACE(&src_w->z_index, src_wp, dst_wp, zentry);
+	if (tmp_wp == src_wp)
+		tmp_wp = dst_wp;
+	if (tmp_wp == NULL)
+		TAILQ_INSERT_HEAD(&dst_w->z_index, src_wp, zentry);
+	else
+		TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&dst_w->z_index, tmp_wp, src_wp, zentry);
+
 	src_lc = src_wp->layout_cell;
 	dst_lc = dst_wp->layout_cell;
 	src_lc->wp = dst_wp;
@@ -101,10 +149,10 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	src_wp->window = dst_w;
 	options_set_parent(src_wp->options, dst_w->options);
-	src_wp->flags |= PANE_STYLECHANGED;
+	src_wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
 	dst_wp->window = src_w;
 	options_set_parent(dst_wp->options, src_w->options);
-	dst_wp->flags |= PANE_STYLECHANGED;
+	dst_wp->flags |= (PANE_STYLECHANGED|PANE_THEMECHANGED);
 
 	sx = src_wp->sx; sy = src_wp->sy;
 	xoff = src_wp->xoff; yoff = src_wp->yoff;
@@ -128,16 +176,25 @@ cmd_swap_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			window_set_active_pane(dst_w, src_wp, 1);
 	}
 	if (src_w != dst_w) {
-		if (src_w->last == src_wp)
-			src_w->last = NULL;
-		if (dst_w->last == dst_wp)
-			dst_w->last = NULL;
+		window_pane_stack_remove(&src_w->last_panes, src_wp);
+		window_pane_stack_remove(&dst_w->last_panes, dst_wp);
+		colour_palette_from_option(&src_wp->palette, src_wp->options);
+		colour_palette_from_option(&dst_wp->palette, dst_wp->options);
+		layout_fix_panes(src_w, NULL);
+		redraw_invalidate_scene(src_w);
+		server_redraw_window(src_w);
 	}
-	server_redraw_window(src_w);
+	layout_fix_panes(dst_w, NULL);
+	redraw_invalidate_scene(dst_w);
 	server_redraw_window(dst_w);
-	notify_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
+
+	if (src_w != dst_w) {
+		window_fire_pane_moved(src_wp, src_w, src_idx, dst_w, dst_idx);
+		window_fire_pane_moved(dst_wp, dst_w, dst_idx, src_w, src_idx);
+	}
+	events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", src_w);
 	if (src_w != dst_w)
-		notify_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
+		events_fire_window("window-layout-changed", dst_w);
 
 out:
 	if (window_pop_zoom(src_w))

cmd-swap-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-swap-window.c,v 1.30 2026/07/27 08:03:01 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_window_entry = {
 	.source = { 's', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, CMD_FIND_DEFAULT_MARKED },
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_WINDOW, 0 },
 
-	.flags = 0,
+	.flags = CMD_AFTERHOOK,
 	.exec = cmd_swap_window_exec
 };
 
@@ -77,6 +77,8 @@ cmd_swap_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	wl_src->window = w_dst;
 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w_dst->winlinks, wl_src, wentry);
 
+	if (marked_pane.wl == wl_src)
+		marked_pane.wl = wl_dst;
 	if (args_has(args, 'd')) {
 		session_select(dst, wl_dst->idx);
 		if (src != dst)

cmd-switch-client.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-switch-client.c,v 1.74 2026/05/22 15:22:43 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
@@ -34,9 +35,9 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_client_entry = {
 	.name = "switch-client",
 	.alias = "switchc",
 
-	.args = { "lc:EFnpt:rT:Z", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.args = { "c:EFlnO:pt:rT:Z", 0, 0, NULL },
 	.usage = "[-ElnprZ] [-c target-client] [-t target-session] "
-		 "[-T key-table]",
+		 "[-T key-table] [-O order]",
 
 	/* -t is special */
 
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	const char		*tflag = args_get(args, 't');
 	enum cmd_find_type	 type;
 	int			 flags;
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
@@ -60,8 +62,11 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	const char		*tablename;
 	struct key_table	*table;
+	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
+	uid_t			 uid;
 
-	if (tflag != NULL && tflag[strcspn(tflag, ":.%")] != '\0') {
+	if (tflag != NULL &&
+	    (tflag[strcspn(tflag, ":.%")] != '\0' || strcmp(tflag, "=") == 0)) {
 		type = CMD_FIND_PANE;
 		flags = 0;
 	} else {
@@ -75,6 +80,13 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	wp = target.wp;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'r')) {
+		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY) {
+			uid = proc_get_peer_uid(c->peer);
+			if (uid != getuid()) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+			}
+		}
 		if (tc->flags & CLIENT_READONLY)
 			tc->flags &= ~(CLIENT_READONLY|CLIENT_IGNORESIZE);
 		else
@@ -94,13 +106,22 @@ cmd_switch_client_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
+	sort_crit.order = sort_order_from_string(args_get(args, 'O'));
+	if (sort_crit.order == SORT_END && args_has(args, 'O')) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid sort order");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	sort_crit.reversed = args_has(args, 'r');
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'n')) {
-		if ((s = session_next_session(tc->session)) == NULL) {
+		s = session_next_session(tc->session, &sort_crit);
+		if (s == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "can't find next session");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 	} else if (args_has(args, 'p')) {
-		if ((s = session_previous_session(tc->session)) == NULL) {
+		s = session_previous_session(tc->session, &sort_crit);
+		if (s == NULL) {
 			cmdq_error(item, "can't find previous session");
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}

cmd-unbind-key.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-unbind-key.c,v 1.34 2021/08/21 10:22:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>

cmd-wait-for.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-wait-for.c,v 1.23 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_wait_for_entry = {
 	.name = "wait-for",
 	.alias = "wait",
 
-	.args = { "LSU", 1, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-L|-S|-U] channel",
+	.args = { "EF:LSUlvw:", 1, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-ELSUlv] [-F format] [-w waiter] name",
 
 	.flags = 0,
 	.exec = cmd_wait_for_exec
@@ -46,6 +46,17 @@ struct wait_item {
 	TAILQ_ENTRY(wait_item)	 entry;
 };
 
+struct wait_event_item {
+	struct cmdq_item		*item;
+	struct events_sink		*sink;
+	char				*name;
+	char				*filter;
+	int				 verbose;
+	TAILQ_ENTRY(wait_event_item)	 entry;
+};
+static TAILQ_HEAD(, wait_event_item) wait_event_items =
+    TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(wait_event_items);
+
 struct wait_channel {
 	const char	       *name;
 	int			locked;
@@ -76,9 +87,28 @@ static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_lock(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
 			    struct wait_channel *);
 static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_unlock(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
 			    struct wait_channel *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
+			    struct args *);
+static void		cmd_wait_for_event_cb(const char *,
+			    struct event_payload *, void *);
+static void		cmd_wait_for_event_free(struct wait_event_item *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event_list(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    const char *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_event_wake(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    const char *, struct args *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_list(struct cmdq_item *,
+			    struct wait_channel *);
+static enum cmd_retval	cmd_wait_for_wake(struct cmdq_item *, const char *,
+			    struct args *, struct wait_channel *);
 
 static struct wait_channel	*cmd_wait_for_add(const char *);
 static void			 cmd_wait_for_remove(struct wait_channel *);
+static void			 cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(
+				    struct wait_channel *);
+static const char		*cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(
+				    struct cmdq_item *);
+static const char		*cmd_wait_for_client_name(
+				    struct wait_event_item *);
 
 static struct wait_channel *
 cmd_wait_for_add(const char *name)
@@ -117,16 +147,53 @@ cmd_wait_for_remove(struct wait_channel *wc)
 	free(wc);
 }
 
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	if (wc->locked || wc->woken)
+		return;
+	if (!TAILQ_EMPTY(&wc->waiters) || !TAILQ_EMPTY(&wc->lockers))
+		return;
+
+	log_debug("remove empty wait channel %s", wc->name);
+
+	RB_REMOVE(wait_channels, &wait_channels, wc);
+
+	free((void *)wc->name);
+	free(wc);
+}
+
+static const char *
+cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(struct cmdq_item *item)
+{
+	struct client	*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+
+	if (c == NULL || c->name == NULL)
+		return ("");
+	return (c->name);
+}
+
+static const char *
+cmd_wait_for_client_name(struct wait_event_item *wei)
+{
+	return (cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wei->item));
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_wait_for_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	struct args     	*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	const char		*name = args_string(args, 0);
-	struct wait_channel	*wc, find;
+	struct wait_channel	*wc, find = { .name = name };
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event(item, name, args));
 
-	find.name = name;
 	wc = RB_FIND(wait_channels, &wait_channels, &find);
-
+	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_list(item, wc));
+	if (args_has(args, 'w'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_wake(item, name, args, wc));
 	if (args_has(args, 'S'))
 		return (cmd_wait_for_signal(item, name, wc));
 	if (args_has(args, 'L'))
@@ -136,6 +203,179 @@ cmd_wait_for_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	return (cmd_wait_for_wait(item, name, wc));
 }
 
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_print(struct wait_event_item *wei, struct event_payload *ep)
+{
+	struct event_payload_item	*epi;
+	const char			*key;
+	char				*value;
+
+	epi = event_payload_first(ep);
+	while (epi != NULL) {
+		key = event_payload_item_name(epi);
+		if (*key != '_') {
+			value = event_payload_item_print(epi);
+			cmdq_print(wei->item, "%s=%s", key, value);
+			free(value);
+		}
+		epi = event_payload_next(epi);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_cb(__unused const char *name, struct event_payload *ep,
+    void *item_data)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei = item_data;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flag;
+
+	if (wei->verbose)
+		cmd_wait_for_event_print(wei, ep);
+
+	if (wei->filter != NULL) {
+		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(wei->item), wei->item,
+		    FORMAT_NONE, FORMAT_NOJOBS);
+		event_payload_add_formats(ep, ft, NULL);
+		expanded = format_expand(ft, wei->filter);
+		flag = format_true(expanded);
+		free(expanded);
+		format_free(ft);
+
+		if (!flag)
+			return;
+	}
+
+	TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+	cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+	cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+}
+
+static void
+cmd_wait_for_event_free(struct wait_event_item *wei)
+{
+	events_remove_sink(wei->sink);
+	free(wei->name);
+	free(wei->filter);
+	free(wei);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name, struct args *args)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei;
+	const char		*filter = args_get(args, 'F');
+
+	if (!hooks_valid_event_name(name)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "invalid event: %s", name);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'l'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event_list(item, name));
+	if (args_has(args, 'w'))
+		return (cmd_wait_for_event_wake(item, name, args));
+
+	if (cmdq_get_client(item) == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "not able to wait");
+		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	}
+
+	wei = xcalloc(1, sizeof *wei);
+	wei->item = item;
+	wei->name = xstrdup(name);
+	wei->filter = (filter != NULL ? xstrdup(filter) : NULL);
+	wei->verbose = args_has(args, 'v');
+	wei->sink = events_add_sink(name, cmd_wait_for_event_cb, wei);
+	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event_list(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei;
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wei, &wait_event_items, entry) {
+		if (strcmp(wei->name, name) == 0)
+			cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_client_name(wei));
+	}
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_event_wake(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
+    struct args *args)
+{
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei, *wei1;
+	const char		*client_name = args_get(args, 'w');
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wei, &wait_event_items, entry, wei1) {
+		if (strcmp(wei->name, name) != 0)
+			continue;
+		if (strcmp(cmd_wait_for_client_name(wei), client_name) != 0)
+			continue;
+
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+		cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+		cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
+
+	cmdq_error(item, "waiter %s not found", client_name);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_list(struct cmdq_item *item, struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	struct wait_item	*wi;
+
+	if (wc == NULL)
+		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wi, &wc->waiters, entry)
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item));
+	TAILQ_FOREACH(wi, &wc->lockers, entry)
+		cmdq_print(item, "%s", cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item));
+
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
+static enum cmd_retval
+cmd_wait_for_wake(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
+    struct args *args, struct wait_channel *wc)
+{
+	struct wait_item	*wi, *wi1;
+	const char		*client_name = args_get(args, 'w');
+
+	if (wc != NULL) {
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->waiters, entry, wi1) {
+			name = cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item);
+			if (strcmp(name, client_name) != 0)
+				continue;
+			cmdq_continue(wi->item);
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->waiters, wi, entry);
+			free(wi);
+			cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(wc);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
+		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->lockers, entry, wi1) {
+			name = cmd_wait_for_item_client_name(wi->item);
+			if (strcmp(name, client_name) != 0)
+				continue;
+			cmdq_continue(wi->item);
+			TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->lockers, wi, entry);
+			free(wi);
+			cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(wc);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
+	}
+	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+}
+
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_wait_for_signal(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
     struct wait_channel *wc)
@@ -245,6 +485,13 @@ cmd_wait_for_flush(void)
 {
 	struct wait_channel	*wc, *wc1;
 	struct wait_item	*wi, *wi1;
+	struct wait_event_item	*wei, *wei1;
+
+	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wei, &wait_event_items, entry, wei1) {
+		TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
+		cmdq_continue(wei->item);
+		cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
+	}
 
 	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(wc, wait_channels, &wait_channels, wc1) {
 		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->waiters, entry, wi1) {

cmd.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd.c,v 1.189 2026/07/17 08:29:34 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -47,7 +47,6 @@ extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_menu_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_message_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_popup_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_panes_entry;
-extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_down_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_find_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_has_session_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_if_shell_entry;
@@ -72,6 +71,7 @@ extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_lock_server_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_lock_session_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_move_window_entry;
+extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_session_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_next_layout_entry;
@@ -115,9 +115,9 @@ extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_suspend_client_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_swap_window_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_client_entry;
+extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_switch_mode_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_unbind_key_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_unlink_window_entry;
-extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_up_pane_entry;
 extern const struct cmd_entry cmd_wait_for_entry;
 
 const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 	&cmd_lock_session_entry,
 	&cmd_move_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_move_window_entry,
+	&cmd_new_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_new_session_entry,
 	&cmd_new_window_entry,
 	&cmd_next_layout_entry,
@@ -208,6 +209,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 	&cmd_swap_pane_entry,
 	&cmd_swap_window_entry,
 	&cmd_switch_client_entry,
+	&cmd_switch_mode_entry,
 	&cmd_unbind_key_entry,
 	&cmd_unlink_window_entry,
 	&cmd_wait_for_entry,
@@ -222,6 +224,7 @@ struct cmd {
 
 	char			 *file;
 	u_int			  line;
+	int			  parse_flags;
 
 	TAILQ_ENTRY(cmd)	  qentry;
 };
@@ -304,6 +307,8 @@ cmd_unpack_argv(char *buf, size_t len, int argc, char ***argv)
 
 	if (argc == 0)
 		return (0);
+	if (argc < 0 || argc > 1000)
+		return (-1);
 	*argv = xcalloc(argc, sizeof **argv);
 
 	buf[len - 1] = '\0';
@@ -414,6 +419,13 @@ cmd_get_source(struct cmd *cmd, const char **file, u_int *line)
 		*line = cmd->line;
 }
 
+/* Get parse flags for command. */
+int
+cmd_get_parse_flags(struct cmd *cmd)
+{
+	return (cmd->parse_flags);
+}
+
 /* Look for an alias for a command. */
 char *
 cmd_get_alias(const char *name)
@@ -446,7 +458,7 @@ cmd_get_alias(const char *name)
 }
 
 /* Look up a command entry by name. */
-static const struct cmd_entry *
+const struct cmd_entry *
 cmd_find(const char *name, char **cause)
 {
 	const struct cmd_entry	**loop, *entry, *found = NULL;
@@ -498,7 +510,7 @@ ambiguous:
 /* Parse a single command from an argument vector. */
 struct cmd *
 cmd_parse(struct args_value *values, u_int count, const char *file, u_int line,
-    char **cause)
+    int parse_flags, char **cause)
 {
 	const struct cmd_entry	*entry;
 	struct cmd		*cmd;
@@ -527,6 +539,7 @@ cmd_parse(struct args_value *values, u_int count, const char *file, u_int line,
 	cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cmd);
 	cmd->entry = entry;
 	cmd->args = args;
+	cmd->parse_flags = parse_flags;
 
 	if (file != NULL)
 		cmd->file = xstrdup(file);
@@ -638,7 +651,7 @@ cmd_list_free(struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
 
 /* Copy a command list, expanding %s in arguments. */
 struct cmd_list *
-cmd_list_copy(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int argc, char **argv)
+cmd_list_copy(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int argc, char **argv)
 {
 	struct cmd	*cmd;
 	struct cmd_list	*new_cmdlist;
@@ -669,11 +682,16 @@ cmd_list_copy(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int argc, char **argv)
 
 /* Get a command list as a string. */
 char *
-cmd_list_print(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int escaped)
+cmd_list_print(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flags)
 {
 	struct cmd	*cmd, *next;
 	char		*buf, *this;
 	size_t		 len;
+	const char	*separator;
+	int		 escaped = flags & CMD_LIST_PRINT_ESCAPED;
+	int		 no_groups = flags & CMD_LIST_PRINT_NO_GROUPS;
+	const char	*single_separator = escaped ? " \\; " : " ; ";
+	const char	*double_separator = escaped ? " \\;\\; " : " ;; ";
 
 	len = 1;
 	buf = xcalloc(1, len);
@@ -688,17 +706,11 @@ cmd_list_print(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int escaped)
 
 		next = TAILQ_NEXT(cmd, qentry);
 		if (next != NULL) {
-			if (cmd->group != next->group) {
-				if (escaped)
-					strlcat(buf, " \\;\\; ", len);
-				else
-					strlcat(buf, " ;; ", len);
-			} else {
-				if (escaped)
-					strlcat(buf, " \\; ", len);
-				else
-					strlcat(buf, " ; ", len);
-			}
+			if (!no_groups && cmd->group != next->group)
+				separator = double_separator;
+			else
+				separator = single_separator;
+			strlcat(buf, separator, len);
 		}
 
 		free(this);
@@ -766,9 +778,9 @@ cmd_mouse_at(struct window_pane *wp, struct mouse_event *m, u_int *xp,
 	if (m->statusat == 0 && y >= m->statuslines)
 		y -= m->statuslines;
 
-	if (x < wp->xoff || x >= wp->xoff + wp->sx)
+	if ((int)x < wp->xoff || (int)x >= wp->xoff + (int)wp->sx)
 		return (-1);
-	if (y < wp->yoff || y >= wp->yoff + wp->sy)
+	if ((int)y < wp->yoff || (int)y >= wp->yoff + (int)wp->sy)
 		return (-1);
 
 	if (xp != NULL)
@@ -812,9 +824,15 @@ cmd_mouse_pane(struct mouse_event *m, struct session **sp,
 
 	if ((wl = cmd_mouse_window(m, sp)) == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
-	if ((wp = window_pane_find_by_id(m->wp)) == NULL)
-		return (NULL);
-	if (!window_has_pane(wl->window, wp))
+	if (m->wp == -1)
+		wp = wl->window->active;
+	else {
+		if ((wp = window_pane_find_by_id(m->wp)) == NULL)
+			return (NULL);
+		if (!window_has_pane(wl->window, wp))
+			return (NULL);
+	}
+	if (wl->window->modal != NULL && wp != wl->window->modal)
 		return (NULL);
 
 	if (wlp != NULL)
@@ -822,14 +840,19 @@ cmd_mouse_pane(struct mouse_event *m, struct session **sp,
 	return (wp);
 }
 
-/* Replace the first %% or %idx in template by s. */
+/*
+ * Replace the first %% or any %idx in template by s. %% is intended for use in
+ * single quotes, so ' is escaped. %%% and %idx% are for double quotes, so a
+ * list of special characters is escaped. %idx is left unescaped.
+ */
 char *
 cmd_template_replace(const char *template, const char *s, int idx)
 {
-	char		 ch, *buf;
-	const char	*ptr, *cp, quote[] = "\"\\$;~";
-	int		 replaced, quoted;
-	size_t		 len;
+	char			 ch, *buf;
+	const char		*ptr, *cp, dquote[] = "\"\\$;~";
+	int			 replaced;
+	size_t			 len, slen;
+	enum { NQ, SQ, DQ }	 quote;
 
 	if (strchr(template, '%') == NULL)
 		return (xstrdup(template));
@@ -843,30 +866,52 @@ cmd_template_replace(const char *template, const char *s, int idx)
 	while (*ptr != '\0') {
 		switch (ch = *ptr++) {
 		case '%':
-			if (*ptr < '1' || *ptr > '9' || *ptr - '0' != idx) {
+			if (*ptr >= '1' && *ptr <= '9' && *ptr - '0' == idx) {
+				ptr++;
+				quote = NQ;
+				if (*ptr == '%') {
+					quote = DQ;
+					ptr++;
+				}
+			} else {
 				if (*ptr != '%' || replaced)
 					break;
 				replaced = 1;
-			}
-			ptr++;
-
-			quoted = (*ptr == '%');
-			if (quoted)
 				ptr++;
+				quote = SQ;
+				if (*ptr == '%') {
+					quote = DQ;
+					ptr++;
+				}
+			}
 
-			buf = xrealloc(buf, len + (strlen(s) * 3) + 1);
+			slen = strlen(s);
+			if (slen >= SIZE_MAX / 4 ||
+			    len > SIZE_MAX - (slen * 4) - 1)
+				fatalx("argument too long");
+			buf = xrealloc(buf, len + (slen * 4) + 1);
 			for (cp = s; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
-				if (quoted && strchr(quote, *cp) != NULL)
+				if (quote == SQ && *cp == '\'') {
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					buf[len++] = '\\';
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					buf[len++] = '\'';
+					continue;
+				}
+				if (quote == DQ && strchr(dquote, *cp) != NULL)
 					buf[len++] = '\\';
 				buf[len++] = *cp;
 			}
 			buf[len] = '\0';
 			continue;
 		}
+		if (len > SIZE_MAX - 2)
+			fatalx("argument too long");
 		buf = xrealloc(buf, len + 2);
 		buf[len++] = ch;
 		buf[len] = '\0';
 	}
 
+	log_debug("%s: %s -> %s", __func__, template, buf);
 	return (buf);
 }

colour.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD$ */
+/* $OpenBSD: colour.c,v 1.35 2026/07/06 14:29:10 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2008 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -26,6 +26,85 @@
 
 #include "tmux.h"
 
+/* Theme colour slots and their server options. */
+static const struct {
+	const char	*name;
+	const char	*dark_option;
+	const char	*light_option;
+	int		 terminal_colour;
+} colour_theme_table[] = {
+	{ "themeblack",
+	  "dark-theme-black",
+	  "light-theme-black",
+	  0
+	},
+	{ "themewhite",
+	  "dark-theme-white",
+	  "light-theme-white",
+	  7
+	},
+	{ "themelightgrey",
+	  "dark-theme-light-grey",
+	  "light-theme-light-grey",
+	  7
+	},
+	{ "themedarkgrey",
+	  "dark-theme-dark-grey",
+	  "light-theme-dark-grey",
+	  0
+	},
+	{ "themegreen",
+	  "dark-theme-green",
+	  "light-theme-green",
+	  2
+	},
+	{ "themeyellow",
+	  "dark-theme-yellow",
+	  "light-theme-yellow",
+	  3
+	},
+	{ "themered",
+	  "dark-theme-red",
+	  "light-theme-red",
+	  1
+	},
+	{ "themeblue",
+	  "dark-theme-blue",
+	  "light-theme-blue",
+	  4
+	},
+	{ "themecyan",
+	  "dark-theme-cyan",
+	  "light-theme-cyan",
+	  6
+	},
+	{ "thememagenta",
+	  "dark-theme-magenta",
+	  "light-theme-magenta",
+	  5
+	}
+};
+
+/* Get theme colour option. */
+const char *
+colour_theme_option(u_int n, enum client_theme theme)
+{
+	if (n >= nitems(colour_theme_table))
+		return (NULL);
+	if (theme == THEME_LIGHT)
+		return (colour_theme_table[n].light_option);
+	return (colour_theme_table[n].dark_option);
+}
+
+/* Get theme terminal colour. */
+int
+colour_theme_terminal_colour(u_int n)
+{
+	if (n >= nitems(colour_theme_table))
+		return (8);
+	return (colour_theme_table[n].terminal_colour);
+}
+
 static int
 colour_dist_sq(int R, int G, int B, int r, int g, int b)
 {
@@ -120,6 +199,28 @@ colour_force_rgb(int c)
 	return (-1);
 }
 
+/* Dim colour by a percentage. */
+int
+colour_dim(int c, u_int dim)
+{
+	u_char	r, g, b;
+
+	if (dim == 0 || COLOUR_DEFAULT(c) || (c & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME))
+		return (c);
+	if (dim >= 100)
+		return (colour_join_rgb(0, 0, 0));
+
+	c = colour_force_rgb(c);
+	if (c == -1)
+		return (-1);
+	colour_split_rgb(c, &r, &g, &b);
+
+	r = (r * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	g = (g * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	b = (b * (100 - dim)) / 100;
+	return (colour_join_rgb(r, g, b));
+}
+
 /* Convert colour to a string. */
 const char *
 colour_tostring(int c)
@@ -130,6 +231,13 @@ colour_tostring(int c)
 	if (c == -1)
 		return ("none");
 
+	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME) {
+		c &= 0xff;
+		if (c >= 0 && (u_int)c < nitems(colour_theme_table))
+			return (colour_theme_table[c].name);
+		return ("invalid");
+	}
+
 	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB) {
 		colour_split_rgb(c, &r, &g, &b);
 		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "#%02x%02x%02x", r, g, b);
@@ -182,6 +290,98 @@ colour_tostring(int c)
 	return ("invalid");
 }
 
+/* Convert colour to an SGR escape sequence. */
+const char *
+colour_toescape(struct client *c, int colour, int bg)
+{
+	static char	s[32];
+	u_char		r, g, b;
+	int		n, flags = (TERM_256COLOURS|TERM_RGBCOLOURS);
+	u_int		o = (bg ? 40 : 30);
+
+	if (c != NULL && (c->tty.flags & TTY_OPENED) && c->tty.term != NULL)
+		flags = c->tty.term->flags;
+
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_THEME) {
+		n = colour & 0xff;
+		if (c != NULL && (u_int)n < COLOUR_THEME_COUNT)
+			colour = c->theme_colours[n];
+		else
+			colour = colour_theme_terminal_colour(n);
+	}
+
+	if (colour == 8 || colour == 9) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", o + 9);
+		return (s);
+	}
+
+	if ((~flags & TERM_RGBCOLOURS) & (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB)) {
+		colour_split_rgb(colour, &r, &g, &b);
+		colour = colour_find_rgb(r, g, b);
+	}
+	if ((~flags & TERM_256COLOURS) & (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_256))
+		colour = colour_256to16(colour);
+
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB) {
+		colour_split_rgb(colour, &r, &g, &b);
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%d;2;%u;%u;%um", o + 8, r, g, b);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour & COLOUR_FLAG_256) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%d;5;%um", o + 8, colour & 0xff);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour >= 0 && colour <= 7) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", colour + o);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	if (colour >= 90 && colour <= 97) {
+		xsnprintf(s, sizeof s, "\033[%dm", colour + o - 30);
+		return (s);
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+/* Convert background colour to theme. */
+enum client_theme
+colour_totheme(int c)
+{
+	int	r, g, b, brightness;
+
+	if (c == -1)
+		return (THEME_UNKNOWN);
+
+	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_RGB) {
+		r = (c >> 16) & 0xff;
+		g = (c >> 8) & 0xff;
+		b = (c >> 0) & 0xff;
+
+		brightness = r + g + b;
+		if (brightness > 382)
+			return (THEME_LIGHT);
+		return (THEME_DARK);
+	}
+
+	if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		return (colour_totheme(colour_256toRGB(c)));
+
+	switch (c) {
+	case 0:
+	case 90:
+		return (THEME_DARK);
+	case 7:
+	case 97:
+		return (THEME_LIGHT);
+	default:
+		if (c >= 0 && c <= 7)
+			return (colour_totheme(colour_256toRGB(c)));
+		if (c >= 90 && c <= 97)
+			return (colour_totheme(colour_256toRGB(8 + c - 90)));
+		break;
+	}
+	return (THEME_UNKNOWN);
+}
+
 /* Convert colour from string. */
 int
 colour_fromstring(const char *s)
@@ -190,6 +390,7 @@ colour_fromstring(const char *s)
 	const char	*cp;
 	int		 n;
 	u_char		 r, g, b;
+	u_int		 i;
 
 	if (*s == '#' && strlen(s) == 7) {
 		for (cp = s + 1; isxdigit((u_char) *cp); cp++)
@@ -220,6 +421,11 @@ colour_fromstring(const char *s)
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "terminal") == 0)
 		return (9);
 
+	for (i = 0; i < nitems(colour_theme_table); i++) {
+		if (strcasecmp(s, colour_theme_table[i].name) == 0)
+			return (i|COLOUR_FLAG_THEME);
+	}
+
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "black") == 0 || strcmp(s, "0") == 0)
 		return (0);
 	if (strcasecmp(s, "red") == 0 || strcmp(s, "1") == 0)
@@ -942,13 +1148,18 @@ colour_byname(const char *name)
 		{ "yellow3", 0xcdcd00 },
 		{ "yellow4", 0x8b8b00 }
 	};
-	u_int	i;
-	int	c;
+	u_int		 i;
+	int		 c;
+	const char	*errstr;
 
-	if (strncmp(name, "grey", 4) == 0 || strncmp(name, "gray", 4) == 0) {
-		if (!isdigit((u_char)name[4]))
+	if (strncasecmp(name, "grey", 4) == 0 ||
+	    strncasecmp(name, "gray", 4) == 0) {
+		if (name[4] == '\0')
 			return (0xbebebe|COLOUR_FLAG_RGB);
-		c = round(2.55 * atoi(name + 4));
+		c = strtonum(name + 4, 0, 100, &errstr);
+		if (errstr != NULL)
+			return (-1);
+		c = round(2.55 * c);
 		if (c < 0 || c > 255)
 			return (-1);
 		return (colour_join_rgb(c, c, c));
@@ -960,6 +1171,47 @@ colour_byname(const char *name)
 	return (-1);
 }
 
+/* Parse colour from an X11 string. */
+int
+colour_parseX11(const char *p)
+{
+	double	 c, m, y, k = 0;
+	u_int	 r, g, b;
+	size_t	 len = strlen(p);
+	int	 colour = -1;
+	char	*copy;
+
+	if ((len == 12 && sscanf(p, "rgb:%02x/%02x/%02x", &r, &g, &b) == 3) ||
+	    (len == 7 && sscanf(p, "#%02x%02x%02x", &r, &g, &b) == 3) ||
+	    sscanf(p, "%d,%d,%d", &r, &g, &b) == 3)
+		colour = colour_join_rgb(r, g, b);
+	else if ((len == 18 &&
+	    sscanf(p, "rgb:%04x/%04x/%04x", &r, &g, &b) == 3) ||
+	    (len == 13 && sscanf(p, "#%04x%04x%04x", &r, &g, &b) == 3))
+		colour = colour_join_rgb(r >> 8, g >> 8, b >> 8);
+	else if ((sscanf(p, "cmyk:%lf/%lf/%lf/%lf", &c, &m, &y, &k) == 4 ||
+	    sscanf(p, "cmy:%lf/%lf/%lf", &c, &m, &y) == 3) &&
+	    c >= 0 && c <= 1 && m >= 0 && m <= 1 &&
+	    y >= 0 && y <= 1 && k >= 0 && k <= 1) {
+		colour = colour_join_rgb(
+		    (1 - c) * (1 - k) * 255,
+		    (1 - m) * (1 - k) * 255,
+		    (1 - y) * (1 - k) * 255);
+	} else {
+		while (len != 0 && *p == ' ') {
+			p++;
+			len--;
+		}
+		while (len != 0 && p[len - 1] == ' ')
+			len--;
+		copy = xstrndup(p, len);
+		colour = colour_byname(copy);
+		free(copy);
+	}
+	log_debug("%s: %s = %s", __func__, p, colour_tostring(colour));
+	return (colour);
+}
+
 /* Initialize palette. */
 void
 colour_palette_init(struct colour_palette *p)
@@ -996,22 +1248,22 @@ colour_palette_free(struct colour_palette *p)
 
 /* Get a colour from a palette. */
 int
-colour_palette_get(struct colour_palette *p, int c)
+colour_palette_get(struct colour_palette *p, int n)
 {
 	if (p == NULL)
 		return (-1);
 
-	if (c >= 90 && c <= 97)
-		c = 8 + c - 90;
-	else if (c & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
-		c &= ~COLOUR_FLAG_256;
-	else if (c >= 8)
+	if (n >= 90 && n <= 97)
+		n = 8 + n - 90;
+	else if (n & COLOUR_FLAG_256)
+		n &= ~COLOUR_FLAG_256;
+	else if (n >= 8)
 		return (-1);
 
-	if (p->palette != NULL && p->palette[c] != -1)
-		return (p->palette[c]);
-	if (p->default_palette != NULL && p->default_palette[c] != -1)
-		return (p->default_palette[c]);
+	if (p->palette != NULL && p->palette[n] != -1)
+		return (p->palette[n]);
+	if (p->default_palette != NULL && p->default_palette[n] != -1)
+		return (p->default_palette[n]);
 	return (-1);
 }
 
@@ -1021,15 +1273,14 @@ colour_palette_set(struct colour_palette *p, int n, int c)
 {
 	u_int	i;
 
-	if (p == NULL || n > 255)
+	if (p == NULL || n < 0 || n > 255)
 		return (0);
 
 	if (c == -1 && p->palette == NULL)
 		return (0);
 
-	if (c != -1 && p->palette == NULL) {
-		if (p->palette == NULL)
-			p->palette = xcalloc(256, sizeof *p->palette);
+	if (p->palette == NULL) {
+		p->palette = xcalloc(256, sizeof *p->palette);
 		for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
 			p->palette[i] = -1;
 	}
@@ -1043,7 +1294,8 @@ colour_palette_from_option(struct colour_palette *p, struct options *oo)
 {
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	u_int				 i, n;
+	union options_value		*ov;
+	u_int				 i;
 	int				 c;
 
 	if (p == NULL)
@@ -1061,13 +1313,11 @@ colour_palette_from_option(struct colour_palette *p, struct options *oo)
 		p->default_palette = xcalloc(256, sizeof *p->default_palette);
 	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
 		p->default_palette[i] = -1;
-	while (a != NULL) {
-		n = options_array_item_index(a);
-		if (n < 256) {
-			c = options_array_item_value(a)->number;
-			p->default_palette[n] = c;
+	for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+		ov = options_array_getv(o, "%u", i);
+		if (ov != NULL) {
+			c = ov->number;
+			p->default_palette[i] = c;
 		}
-		a = options_array_next(a);
 	}
-
 }

compat.h

@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@
 #include <event2/bufferevent_compat.h>
 #else
 #include <event.h>
+#ifndef EVBUFFER_EOL_LF
+/*
+ * This doesn't really work because evbuffer_readline is broken, but gets us to
+ * build with very old (older than 1.4.14) libevent.
+ */
+#define EVBUFFER_EOL_LF
+#define evbuffer_readln(a, b, c) evbuffer_readline(a)
+#endif
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
@@ -289,6 +297,11 @@ void		 explicit_bzero(void *, size_t);
 int		 getdtablecount(void);
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_GETDTABLESIZE
+/* getdtablesize.c */
+int		 getdtablesize(void);
+#endif
+
 #ifndef HAVE_CLOSEFROM
 /* closefrom.c */
 void		 closefrom(int);
@@ -334,6 +347,18 @@ char		*strndup(const char *, size_t);
 void		*memmem(const void *, size_t, const void *, size_t);
 #endif
 
+#ifndef HAVE_HTONLL
+/* htonll.c */
+#undef htonll
+uint64_t	 htonll(uint64_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HAVE_NTOHLL
+/* ntohll.c */
+#undef ntohll
+uint64_t	 ntohll(uint64_t);
+#endif
+
 #ifndef HAVE_GETPEEREID
 /* getpeereid.c */
 int		getpeereid(int, uid_t *, gid_t *);
@@ -363,7 +388,7 @@ int		 clock_gettime(int, struct timespec *);
 /* base64.c */
 #undef b64_ntop
 #undef b64_pton
-int		 b64_ntop(const char *, size_t, char *, size_t);
+int		 b64_ntop(const u_char *, size_t, char *, size_t);
 int		 b64_pton(const char *, u_char *, size_t);
 #endif
 
@@ -385,11 +410,6 @@ int		 asprintf(char **, const char *, ...);
 int		 vasprintf(char **, const char *, va_list);
 #endif
 
-#ifndef HAVE_FGETLN
-/* fgetln.c */
-char		*fgetln(FILE *, size_t *);
-#endif
-
 #ifndef HAVE_GETLINE
 /* getline.c */
 ssize_t		 getline(char **, size_t *, FILE *);
@@ -423,7 +443,9 @@ void		*recallocarray(void *, size_t, size_t, size_t);
 
 #ifdef HAVE_SYSTEMD
 /* systemd.c */
+int		 systemd_activated(void);
 int		 systemd_create_socket(int, char **);
+int		 systemd_move_to_new_cgroup(char **);
 #endif
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UTF8PROC
@@ -436,14 +458,17 @@ int		 utf8proc_wctomb(char *, wchar_t);
 #ifdef NEED_FUZZING
 /* tmux.c */
 #define main __weak main
+#define regcomp(preg, pattern, cflags) (0)
+#define regexec(preg, string, nmatch, pmatch, eflags) (REG_NOMATCH)
+#define regfree(preg) ((void)0)
 #endif
 
 /* getopt.c */
-extern int	BSDopterr;
-extern int	BSDoptind;
-extern int	BSDoptopt;
-extern int	BSDoptreset;
-extern char    *BSDoptarg;
+extern int	 BSDopterr;
+extern int	 BSDoptind;
+extern int	 BSDoptopt;
+extern int	 BSDoptreset;
+extern char	*BSDoptarg;
 int	BSDgetopt(int, char *const *, const char *);
 #define getopt(ac, av, o)  BSDgetopt(ac, av, o)
 #define opterr             BSDopterr

compat/base64.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/*	$OpenBSD: base64.c,v 1.8 2015/01/16 16:48:51 deraadt Exp $	*/
+/*	$OpenBSD: base64.c,v 1.15 2021/10/25 14:41:09 jca Exp $	*/
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 1996 by Internet Software Consortium.
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 #include <netinet/in.h>
 #include <arpa/inet.h>
-#include <arpa/nameser.h>
 
 #include <ctype.h>
 #include <resolv.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
 
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 
+#include "compat.h"
+
 static const char Base64[] =
 	"ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";
 static const char Pad64 = '=';
@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ static const char Pad64 = '=';
    end of the data is performed using the '=' character.
 
    Since all base64 input is an integral number of octets, only the
-         -------------------------------------------------                       
+         -------------------------------------------------
    following cases can arise:
-   
+
        (1) the final quantum of encoding input is an integral
            multiple of 24 bits; here, the final unit of encoded
 	   output will be an integral multiple of 4 characters
@@ -123,15 +123,12 @@ static const char Pad64 = '=';
    */
 
 int
-b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
-	u_char const *src;
-	size_t srclength;
-	char *target;
-	size_t targsize;
+b64_ntop(unsigned char const *src, size_t srclength, char *target,
+    size_t targsize)
 {
 	size_t datalength = 0;
-	u_char input[3];
-	u_char output[4];
+	unsigned char input[3];
+	unsigned char output[4];
 	int i;
 
 	while (2 < srclength) {
@@ -152,14 +149,14 @@ b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
 		target[datalength++] = Base64[output[2]];
 		target[datalength++] = Base64[output[3]];
 	}
-    
+
 	/* Now we worry about padding. */
 	if (0 != srclength) {
 		/* Get what's left. */
 		input[0] = input[1] = input[2] = '\0';
 		for (i = 0; i < srclength; i++)
 			input[i] = *src++;
-	
+
 		output[0] = input[0] >> 2;
 		output[1] = ((input[0] & 0x03) << 4) + (input[1] >> 4);
 		output[2] = ((input[1] & 0x0f) << 2) + (input[2] >> 6);
@@ -187,13 +184,10 @@ b64_ntop(src, srclength, target, targsize)
  */
 
 int
-b64_pton(src, target, targsize)
-	char const *src;
-	u_char *target;
-	size_t targsize;
+b64_pton(char const *src, unsigned char *target, size_t targsize)
 {
 	int tarindex, state, ch;
-	u_char nextbyte;
+	unsigned char nextbyte;
 	char *pos;
 
 	state = 0;
@@ -207,7 +201,7 @@ b64_pton(src, target, targsize)
 			break;
 
 		pos = strchr(Base64, ch);
-		if (pos == 0) 		/* A non-base64 character. */
+		if (pos == 0)		/* A non-base64 character. */
 			return (-1);
 
 		switch (state) {

compat/clock_gettime.c

@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 #endif
 
 int
-clock_gettime(int clock, struct timespec *ts)
+clock_gettime(__unused int clock, struct timespec *ts)
 {
 	struct timeval	tv;
 

compat/daemon-darwin.c

@@ -49,12 +49,12 @@
 
 #include <mach/mach.h>
 
-#include <Availability.h>
+#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 
 void daemon_darwin(void);
 
-#ifdef __MAC_10_10
+#if MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= 101000
 
 extern kern_return_t	bootstrap_look_up_per_user(mach_port_t, const char *,
 			    uid_t, mach_port_t *);

compat/fgetln.c

@@ -1,61 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2015 Joerg Jung <jung@openbsd.org>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
- * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
- * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-/*
- * portable fgetln() version, NOT reentrant
- */
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-
-#include "compat.h"
-
-char *
-fgetln(FILE *fp, size_t *len)
-{
-	static char *buf = NULL;
-	static size_t bufsz = 0;
-	size_t r = 0;
-	char *p;
-	int c, e;
-
-	if (!fp || !len) {
-		errno = EINVAL;
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	if (!buf) {
-		if (!(buf = calloc(1, BUFSIZ)))
-			return NULL;
-		bufsz = BUFSIZ;
-	}
-	while ((c = getc(fp)) != EOF) {
-		buf[r++] = c;
-		if (r == bufsz) {
-			if (!(p = reallocarray(buf, 2, bufsz))) {
-				e = errno;
-				free(buf);
-				errno = e;
-				buf = NULL, bufsz = 0;
-				return NULL;
-			}
-			buf = p, bufsz = 2 * bufsz;
-		}
-		if (c == '\n')
-			break;
-	}
-	return (*len = r) ? buf : NULL;
-}

compat/getdtablecount.c

@@ -18,13 +18,28 @@
 
 #include <glob.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
+#if defined(HAVE_LIBPROC_H)
+#include <libproc.h>
+#endif
 
 #include "compat.h"
 
 void fatal(const char *, ...);
 void fatalx(const char *, ...);
 
-#ifdef HAVE_PROC_PID
+#if defined(HAVE_LIBPROC_H) && defined(HAVE_PROC_PIDINFO)
+int
+getdtablecount(void)
+{
+	int	sz;
+	pid_t	pid = getpid();
+
+	sz = proc_pidinfo(pid, PROC_PIDLISTFDS, 0, NULL, 0);
+	if (sz == -1)
+		return (0);
+	return (sz / PROC_PIDLISTFD_SIZE);
+}
+#elif defined(HAVE_PROC_PID)
 int
 getdtablecount(void)
 {

compat/getline.c

@@ -74,8 +74,14 @@ getdelim(char **buf, size_t *bufsiz, int delimiter, FILE *fp)
 		}
 		if (ptr + 2 >= eptr) {
 			char *nbuf;
-			size_t nbufsiz = *bufsiz * 2;
+			size_t nbufsiz;
 			ssize_t d = ptr - *buf;
+
+			if (*bufsiz > SIZE_MAX / 2) {
+				errno = EOVERFLOW;
+				return -1;
+			}
+			nbufsiz = *bufsiz * 2;
 			if ((nbuf = realloc(*buf, nbufsiz)) == NULL)
 				return -1;
 			*buf = nbuf;

compat/getopt.c

@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 1987, 1993, 1994
- *	The Regents of the University of California.  All rights reserved.
- *
- * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
- * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
- * are met:
- * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
- * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
- *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
- *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
- * 3. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
- *    may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
- *    without specific prior written permission.
- *
- * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
- * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
- * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
- * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
- * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
- * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
- * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
- * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
- * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
- * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
- * SUCH DAMAGE.
- */
-
-/* OPENBSD ORIGINAL: lib/libc/stdlib/getopt.c */
-
-#include "compat.h"
-
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-int	BSDopterr = 1,		/* if error message should be printed */
-	BSDoptind = 1,		/* index into parent argv vector */
-	BSDoptopt,		/* character checked for validity */
-	BSDoptreset;		/* reset getopt */
-char	*BSDoptarg;		/* argument associated with option */
-
-#define	BADCH	(int)'?'
-#define	BADARG	(int)':'
-#define	EMSG	""
-
-/*
- * getopt --
- *	Parse argc/argv argument vector.
- */
-int
-BSDgetopt(int nargc, char *const *nargv, const char *ostr)
-{
-	static const char *place = EMSG;	/* option letter processing */
-	char *oli;				/* option letter list index */
-
-	if (ostr == NULL)
-		return (-1);
-
-	if (BSDoptreset || !*place) {		/* update scanning pointer */
-		BSDoptreset = 0;
-		if (BSDoptind >= nargc || *(place = nargv[BSDoptind]) != '-') {
-			place = EMSG;
-			return (-1);
-		}
-		if (place[1] && *++place == '-') {	/* found "--" */
-			if (place[1])
-				return (BADCH);
-			++BSDoptind;
-			place = EMSG;
-			return (-1);
-		}
-	}					/* option letter okay? */
-	if ((BSDoptopt = (int)*place++) == (int)':' ||
-	    !(oli = strchr(ostr, BSDoptopt))) {
-		/*
-		 * if the user didn't specify '-' as an option,
-		 * assume it means -1.
-		 */
-		if (BSDoptopt == (int)'-')
-			return (-1);
-		if (!*place)
-			++BSDoptind;
-		if (BSDopterr && *ostr != ':')
-			(void)fprintf(stderr,
-			    "%s: unknown option -- %c\n", getprogname(),
-			    BSDoptopt);
-		return (BADCH);
-	}
-	if (*++oli != ':') {			/* don't need argument */
-		BSDoptarg = NULL;
-		if (!*place)
-			++BSDoptind;
-	}
-	else {					/* need an argument */
-		if (*place)			/* no white space */
-			BSDoptarg = (char *)place;
-		else if (nargc <= ++BSDoptind) {	/* no arg */
-			place = EMSG;
-			if (*ostr == ':')
-				return (BADARG);
-			if (BSDopterr)
-				(void)fprintf(stderr,
-				    "%s: option requires an argument -- %c\n",
-				    getprogname(), BSDoptopt);
-			return (BADCH);
-		}
-		else				/* white space */
-			BSDoptarg = nargv[BSDoptind];
-		place = EMSG;
-		++BSDoptind;
-	}
-	return (BSDoptopt);			/* dump back option letter */
-}

compat/getopt_long.c

@@ -0,0 +1,577 @@
+/* This file is obtained from OpenSSH:
+ *   Repository: https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable
+ *   Commit: b5b405fee7f3e79d44e2d2971a4b6b4cc53f112e
+ *   File: /openbsd-compat/getopt_long.c */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2002 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ *
+ * Sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects
+ * Agency (DARPA) and Air Force Research Laboratory, Air Force
+ * Materiel Command, USAF, under agreement number F39502-99-1-0512.
+ */
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+ * by Dieter Baron and Thomas Klausner.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+ * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+/* OPENBSD ORIGINAL: lib/libc/stdlib/getopt_long.c */
+#include "compat.h"
+
+/* The following macro constants are taken from getopt.h of OpenSSH:
+ *   Repository: https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable
+ *   Commit: b5b405fee7f3e79d44e2d2971a4b6b4cc53f112e
+ *   File: /openbsd-compat/getopt.h
+ *
+ * ---- BEGIN - Copyright notice and license of getopt.h ----
+ * Copyright (c) 2000 The NetBSD Foundation, Inc.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This code is derived from software contributed to The NetBSD Foundation
+ * by Dieter Baron and Thomas Klausner.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ * are met:
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE NETBSD FOUNDATION, INC. AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ * ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED
+ * TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+ * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE FOUNDATION OR CONTRIBUTORS
+ * BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ * ---- END ----
+ */
+#define no_argument        0
+#define required_argument  1
+#define optional_argument  2
+
+#if !defined(HAVE_GETOPT) || !defined(HAVE_GETOPT_OPTRESET)
+
+#if 0
+#include <err.h>
+#include <getopt.h>
+#endif
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+struct option {
+	/* name of long option */
+	const char *name;
+	/*
+	 * one of no_argument, required_argument, and optional_argument:
+	 * whether option takes an argument
+	 */
+	int has_arg;
+	/* if not NULL, set *flag to val when option found */
+	int *flag;
+	/* if flag not NULL, value to set *flag to; else return value */
+	int val;
+};
+
+int	opterr = 1;		/* if error message should be printed */
+int	optind = 1;		/* index into parent argv vector */
+int	optopt = '?';		/* character checked for validity */
+int	optreset;		/* reset getopt */
+char    *optarg;		/* argument associated with option */
+
+#define PRINT_ERROR	((opterr) && (*options != ':'))
+
+#define FLAG_PERMUTE	0x01	/* permute non-options to the end of argv */
+#define FLAG_ALLARGS	0x02	/* treat non-options as args to option "-1" */
+#define FLAG_LONGONLY	0x04	/* operate as getopt_long_only */
+
+/* return values */
+#define	BADCH		(int)'?'
+#define	BADARG		((*options == ':') ? (int)':' : (int)'?')
+#define	INORDER		(int)1
+
+#define	EMSG		(char *)""
+
+static int getopt_internal(int, char * const *, const char *,
+			   const struct option *, int *, int);
+static int parse_long_options(char * const *, const char *,
+			      const struct option *, int *, int);
+static int gcd(int, int);
+static void permute_args(int, int, int, char * const *);
+
+static char *place = EMSG; /* option letter processing */
+
+/* XXX: set optreset to 1 rather than these two */
+static int nonopt_start = -1; /* first non option argument (for permute) */
+static int nonopt_end = -1;   /* first option after non options (for permute) */
+
+/* Error messages */
+static const char recargchar[] = "option requires an argument -- %c";
+static const char recargstring[] = "option requires an argument -- %s";
+static const char ambig[] = "ambiguous option -- %.*s";
+static const char noarg[] = "option doesn't take an argument -- %.*s";
+static const char illoptchar[] = "unknown option -- %c";
+static const char illoptstring[] = "unknown option -- %s";
+
+/*
+ * Compute the greatest common divisor of a and b.
+ */
+static int
+gcd(int a, int b)
+{
+	int c;
+
+	c = a % b;
+	while (c != 0) {
+		a = b;
+		b = c;
+		c = a % b;
+	}
+
+	return (b);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Exchange the block from nonopt_start to nonopt_end with the block
+ * from nonopt_end to opt_end (keeping the same order of arguments
+ * in each block).
+ */
+static void
+permute_args(int panonopt_start, int panonopt_end, int opt_end,
+	char * const *nargv)
+{
+	int cstart, cyclelen, i, j, ncycle, nnonopts, nopts, pos;
+	char *swap;
+
+	/*
+	 * compute lengths of blocks and number and size of cycles
+	 */
+	nnonopts = panonopt_end - panonopt_start;
+	nopts = opt_end - panonopt_end;
+	ncycle = gcd(nnonopts, nopts);
+	cyclelen = (opt_end - panonopt_start) / ncycle;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < ncycle; i++) {
+		cstart = panonopt_end+i;
+		pos = cstart;
+		for (j = 0; j < cyclelen; j++) {
+			if (pos >= panonopt_end)
+				pos -= nnonopts;
+			else
+				pos += nopts;
+			swap = nargv[pos];
+			/* LINTED const cast */
+			((char **) nargv)[pos] = nargv[cstart];
+			/* LINTED const cast */
+			((char **)nargv)[cstart] = swap;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse_long_options --
+ *	Parse long options in argc/argv argument vector.
+ * Returns -1 if short_too is set and the option does not match long_options.
+ */
+static int
+parse_long_options(char * const *nargv, const char *options,
+	const struct option *long_options, int *idx, int short_too)
+{
+	char *current_argv, *has_equal;
+	size_t current_argv_len;
+	int i, match;
+
+	current_argv = place;
+	match = -1;
+
+	optind++;
+
+	if ((has_equal = strchr(current_argv, '=')) != NULL) {
+		/* argument found (--option=arg) */
+		current_argv_len = has_equal - current_argv;
+		has_equal++;
+	} else
+		current_argv_len = strlen(current_argv);
+
+	for (i = 0; long_options[i].name; i++) {
+		/* find matching long option */
+		if (strncmp(current_argv, long_options[i].name,
+		    current_argv_len))
+			continue;
+
+		if (strlen(long_options[i].name) == current_argv_len) {
+			/* exact match */
+			match = i;
+			break;
+		}
+		/*
+		 * If this is a known short option, don't allow
+		 * a partial match of a single character.
+		 */
+		if (short_too && current_argv_len == 1)
+			continue;
+
+		if (match == -1)	/* partial match */
+			match = i;
+		else {
+			/* ambiguous abbreviation */
+			if (PRINT_ERROR)
+				warnx(ambig, (int)current_argv_len,
+				     current_argv);
+			optopt = 0;
+			return (BADCH);
+		}
+	}
+	if (match != -1) {		/* option found */
+		if (long_options[match].has_arg == no_argument
+		    && has_equal) {
+			if (PRINT_ERROR)
+				warnx(noarg, (int)current_argv_len,
+				     current_argv);
+			/*
+			 * XXX: GNU sets optopt to val regardless of flag
+			 */
+			if (long_options[match].flag == NULL)
+				optopt = long_options[match].val;
+			else
+				optopt = 0;
+			return (BADARG);
+		}
+		if (long_options[match].has_arg == required_argument ||
+		    long_options[match].has_arg == optional_argument) {
+			if (has_equal)
+				optarg = has_equal;
+			else if (long_options[match].has_arg ==
+			    required_argument) {
+				/*
+				 * optional argument doesn't use next nargv
+				 */
+				optarg = nargv[optind++];
+			}
+		}
+		if ((long_options[match].has_arg == required_argument)
+		    && (optarg == NULL)) {
+			/*
+			 * Missing argument; leading ':' indicates no error
+			 * should be generated.
+			 */
+			if (PRINT_ERROR)
+				warnx(recargstring,
+				    current_argv);
+			/*
+			 * XXX: GNU sets optopt to val regardless of flag
+			 */
+			if (long_options[match].flag == NULL)
+				optopt = long_options[match].val;
+			else
+				optopt = 0;
+			--optind;
+			return (BADARG);
+		}
+	} else {			/* unknown option */
+		if (short_too) {
+			--optind;
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		if (PRINT_ERROR)
+			warnx(illoptstring, current_argv);
+		optopt = 0;
+		return (BADCH);
+	}
+	if (idx)
+		*idx = match;
+	if (long_options[match].flag) {
+		*long_options[match].flag = long_options[match].val;
+		return (0);
+	} else
+		return (long_options[match].val);
+}
+
+/*
+ * getopt_internal --
+ *	Parse argc/argv argument vector.  Called by user level routines.
+ */
+static int
+getopt_internal(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options,
+	const struct option *long_options, int *idx, int flags)
+{
+	const char *oli;			/* option letter list index */
+	int optchar, short_too;
+	static int posixly_correct = -1;
+
+	if (options == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+
+	/*
+	 * XXX Some GNU programs (like cvs) set optind to 0 instead of
+	 * XXX using optreset.  Work around this braindamage.
+	 */
+	if (optind == 0)
+		optind = optreset = 1;
+
+	/*
+	 * Disable GNU extensions if POSIXLY_CORRECT is set or options
+	 * string begins with a '+'.
+	 */
+	if (posixly_correct == -1 || optreset)
+		posixly_correct = (getenv("POSIXLY_CORRECT") != NULL);
+	if (*options == '-')
+		flags |= FLAG_ALLARGS;
+	else if (posixly_correct || *options == '+')
+		flags &= ~FLAG_PERMUTE;
+	if (*options == '+' || *options == '-')
+		options++;
+
+	optarg = NULL;
+	if (optreset)
+		nonopt_start = nonopt_end = -1;
+start:
+	if (optreset || !*place) {		/* update scanning pointer */
+		optreset = 0;
+		if (optind >= nargc) {          /* end of argument vector */
+			place = EMSG;
+			if (nonopt_end != -1) {
+				/* do permutation, if we have to */
+				permute_args(nonopt_start, nonopt_end,
+				    optind, nargv);
+				optind -= nonopt_end - nonopt_start;
+			}
+			else if (nonopt_start != -1) {
+				/*
+				 * If we skipped non-options, set optind
+				 * to the first of them.
+				 */
+				optind = nonopt_start;
+			}
+			nonopt_start = nonopt_end = -1;
+			return (-1);
+		}
+		if (*(place = nargv[optind]) != '-' ||
+		    (place[1] == '\0' && strchr(options, '-') == NULL)) {
+			place = EMSG;		/* found non-option */
+			if (flags & FLAG_ALLARGS) {
+				/*
+				 * GNU extension:
+				 * return non-option as argument to option 1
+				 */
+				optarg = nargv[optind++];
+				return (INORDER);
+			}
+			if (!(flags & FLAG_PERMUTE)) {
+				/*
+				 * If no permutation wanted, stop parsing
+				 * at first non-option.
+				 */
+				return (-1);
+			}
+			/* do permutation */
+			if (nonopt_start == -1)
+				nonopt_start = optind;
+			else if (nonopt_end != -1) {
+				permute_args(nonopt_start, nonopt_end,
+				    optind, nargv);
+				nonopt_start = optind -
+				    (nonopt_end - nonopt_start);
+				nonopt_end = -1;
+			}
+			optind++;
+			/* process next argument */
+			goto start;
+		}
+		if (nonopt_start != -1 && nonopt_end == -1)
+			nonopt_end = optind;
+
+		/*
+		 * If we have "-" do nothing, if "--" we are done.
+		 */
+		if (place[1] != '\0' && *++place == '-' && place[1] == '\0') {
+			optind++;
+			place = EMSG;
+			/*
+			 * We found an option (--), so if we skipped
+			 * non-options, we have to permute.
+			 */
+			if (nonopt_end != -1) {
+				permute_args(nonopt_start, nonopt_end,
+				    optind, nargv);
+				optind -= nonopt_end - nonopt_start;
+			}
+			nonopt_start = nonopt_end = -1;
+			return (-1);
+		}
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Check long options if:
+	 *  1) we were passed some
+	 *  2) the arg is not just "-"
+	 *  3) either the arg starts with -- we are getopt_long_only()
+	 */
+	if (long_options != NULL && place != nargv[optind] &&
+	    (*place == '-' || (flags & FLAG_LONGONLY))) {
+		short_too = 0;
+		if (*place == '-')
+			place++;		/* --foo long option */
+		else if (*place != ':' && strchr(options, *place) != NULL)
+			short_too = 1;		/* could be short option too */
+
+		optchar = parse_long_options(nargv, options, long_options,
+		    idx, short_too);
+		if (optchar != -1) {
+			place = EMSG;
+			return (optchar);
+		}
+	}
+
+	if ((optchar = (int)*place++) == (int)':' ||
+	    (optchar == (int)'-' && *place != '\0') ||
+	    (oli = strchr(options, optchar)) == NULL) {
+		/*
+		 * If the user specified "-" and  '-' isn't listed in
+		 * options, return -1 (non-option) as per POSIX.
+		 * Otherwise, it is an unknown option character (or ':').
+		 */
+		if (optchar == (int)'-' && *place == '\0')
+			return (-1);
+		if (!*place)
+			++optind;
+		if (PRINT_ERROR)
+			warnx(illoptchar, optchar);
+		optopt = optchar;
+		return (BADCH);
+	}
+	if (long_options != NULL && optchar == 'W' && oli[1] == ';') {
+		/* -W long-option */
+		if (*place)			/* no space */
+			/* NOTHING */;
+		else if (++optind >= nargc) {	/* no arg */
+			place = EMSG;
+			if (PRINT_ERROR)
+				warnx(recargchar, optchar);
+			optopt = optchar;
+			return (BADARG);
+		} else				/* white space */
+			place = nargv[optind];
+		optchar = parse_long_options(nargv, options, long_options,
+		    idx, 0);
+		place = EMSG;
+		return (optchar);
+	}
+	if (*++oli != ':') {			/* doesn't take argument */
+		if (!*place)
+			++optind;
+	} else {				/* takes (optional) argument */
+		optarg = NULL;
+		if (*place)			/* no white space */
+			optarg = place;
+		else if (oli[1] != ':') {	/* arg not optional */
+			if (++optind >= nargc) {	/* no arg */
+				place = EMSG;
+				if (PRINT_ERROR)
+					warnx(recargchar, optchar);
+				optopt = optchar;
+				return (BADARG);
+			} else
+				optarg = nargv[optind];
+		}
+		place = EMSG;
+		++optind;
+	}
+	/* dump back option letter */
+	return (optchar);
+}
+
+/*
+ * getopt --
+ *	Parse argc/argv argument vector.
+ *
+ * [eventually this will replace the BSD getopt]
+ */
+int
+getopt(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options)
+{
+
+	/*
+	 * We don't pass FLAG_PERMUTE to getopt_internal() since
+	 * the BSD getopt(3) (unlike GNU) has never done this.
+	 *
+	 * Furthermore, since many privileged programs call getopt()
+	 * before dropping privileges it makes sense to keep things
+	 * as simple (and bug-free) as possible.
+	 */
+	return (getopt_internal(nargc, nargv, options, NULL, NULL, 0));
+}
+
+#if 0
+/*
+ * getopt_long --
+ *	Parse argc/argv argument vector.
+ */
+int
+getopt_long(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options,
+    const struct option *long_options, int *idx)
+{
+
+	return (getopt_internal(nargc, nargv, options, long_options, idx,
+	    FLAG_PERMUTE));
+}
+
+/*
+ * getopt_long_only --
+ *	Parse argc/argv argument vector.
+ */
+int
+getopt_long_only(int nargc, char * const *nargv, const char *options,
+    const struct option *long_options, int *idx)
+{
+
+	return (getopt_internal(nargc, nargv, options, long_options, idx,
+	    FLAG_PERMUTE|FLAG_LONGONLY));
+}
+#endif
+
+#endif /* !defined(HAVE_GETOPT) || !defined(HAVE_OPTRESET) */

compat/getpeereid.c

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <sys/socket.h>
 
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
 
 #ifdef HAVE_UCRED_H
 #include <ucred.h>
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
 {
 #ifdef HAVE_SO_PEERCRED
 	struct ucred	uc;
-	int		len = sizeof uc;
+	socklen_t	len = sizeof uc;
 
 	if (getsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_PEERCRED, &uc, &len) == -1)
 		return (-1);
@@ -38,9 +39,6 @@ getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
 	*gid = uc.gid;
 	return (0);
 #elif defined(HAVE_GETPEERUCRED)
-int
-getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
-{
         ucred_t *ucred = NULL;
 
         if (getpeerucred(s, &ucred) == -1)
@@ -51,8 +49,9 @@ getpeereid(int s, uid_t *uid, gid_t *gid)
                 return (-1);
         ucred_free(ucred);
         return (0);
-}
 #else
-	return (getuid());
+	*uid = geteuid();
+	*gid = getegid();
+	return (0);
 #endif
 }