Merge branch 'master' into command_parser

# Conflicts:
#	arguments.c
#	cmd-command-prompt.c
#	cmd-parse.y
#	cmd-run-shell.c
#	window-panes.c

.github/workflows/regress.yml

@@ -27,10 +27,10 @@ jobs:
             runner: ubuntu-24.04
             make: make
             configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
-          - name: ubuntu-24.04-arm64
-            runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
-            make: make
-            configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
+          #- name: ubuntu-24.04-arm64
+          #  runner: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+          #  make: make
+          #  configure: --enable-utf8proc --enable-asan
           - name: macos-26-arm64
             runner: macos-26
             make: gmake
@@ -72,14 +72,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: build
         run: |
-          sh autogen.sh
+         sh autogen.sh
           ./configure ${{ matrix.configure }}
           ${{ matrix.make }} -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)"
 
       - name: test
         run: |
           cd regress
-          ${{ matrix.make }} -j"$(getconf _NPROCESSORS_ONLN)"
+          ${{ matrix.make }}
 
       - name: logs
         if: failure()

CHANGES

@@ -9,12 +9,7 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 
   - modal panes may be created with new-pane -O; a window can have one modal
     pane and it prevents interaction with the other panes while it is active.
-    -C closes the pane when the mouse is clicked outside it and -K sends all
-    keys, including the prefix key, to the pane. A modal pane is now used for
-    the editor in buffer mode;
-
-  - new-pane -A creates a floating pane which remains above a zoomed pane;
-    modal panes do this by default;
+    A modal pane is now used for the editor in buffer mode;
 
   - move-pane and resize-pane can now move and resize floating panes, including
     mouse dragging;
@@ -29,15 +24,10 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
     -k for choose commands kills the pane when the mode exits, which is useful
     for modes in floating panes;
 
-  - command-prompt -P opens a prompt inside a pane rather than on the status
-    line;
-
   - pane-border-status has top-floating and bottom-floating, and there are new
-    default bindings under C-b g for common move and resize operations.
+    default bindings under C-b g for common move and resize operations;
 
-* Layout strings now use a JSON subset format which includes floating panes.
-  The old format is still accepted; control mode clients receive old layouts
-  unless they set the new-layouts flag.
+  - floating panes are unzoomed before creation to avoid a crash.
 
 * Add support for themes and improve default colours:
 
@@ -84,7 +74,7 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 
   - new hooks to cover areas including client create and destroy, pane
     activity, pane mode and prompt changes, pane movement and resizing, session
-    group changes and window creation, close, swap and zoom;
+    group changes and window creation, close and zoom;
 
   - OSC 133 escape sequences now trigger events: pane-command-started,
     pane-command-finished and pane-shell-prompt.
@@ -97,23 +87,10 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
   while scrolling or while hovered and disappears after pane-scrollbars-timeout
   (Michael Grant).
 
-* Add a clear-on-attach server option. When disabled, tmux does not enter the
-  alternate screen on attach and instead scrolls the existing terminal content
-  into the scrollback buffer so it remains accessible (issue 5508).
-
-* Copy mode can now automatically refresh as pane content changes with the
-  refresh-on, refresh-off and refresh-toggle commands. Automatic refresh is off
-  by default; refresh-now refreshes once and is bound to r. These replace
-  refresh-from-pane (issue 5165).
-
 * Extend the fill-character option so both inside and outside the window can be
-  changed, with a new default for unused areas inside the window.
+  changed.
 
-* Change show-options and show-hooks to use formats and add a -F flag to each.
-
-* Allow individual terminal features to be disabled by adding @ to their names
-  in terminal-features, and add a utf8 feature for terminals which support
-  UTF-8 output.
+* Change set-option and set-hooks to use formats and add a -F flag to each.
 
 * Add a #{A/count:frames} modifier to show a series of frames as an animation
   in the status line (issue 5412 from Fernando Daciuk).
@@ -128,12 +105,6 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 * Add new-window -E, respawn-pane -E and respawn-window -E as more convenient
   methods to create an empty pane (rather than using '' for the command).
 
-* Add capture-pane -I to include the time each line entered history.
-
-* Various memory leak fixes from Heon Jeong.
-
-* Add a default C-b T binding to change the current pane title.
-
 * Menus now belong to the window, so appear on all clients.
 
 * Dragging over an existing copy mode selection now adjusts it (Michael Grant).
@@ -147,13 +118,6 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 * Copy mode no longer exits at the bottom while a selection is in progress
   (issue 5349).
 
-* Add copy-mode-current-line-style to set the style of the line containing the
-  cursor in copy mode (issue 5391).
-
-* Copy mode word commands now recognise all Unicode whitespace characters; a
-  space in word-separators matches any Unicode whitespace character (issue
-  5562).
-
 * Add style attributes for dimming colours (dim=) and for hyperlinks (link= and
   nolink) (issues 4842 and 4280 from Moritz Angermann).
 
@@ -164,9 +128,7 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 
 * Add or improve format variables including client_colours,
   pane_start_command_list, window_manual_width, window_manual_height,
-  pane_last_output_time, pane_modal_flag, window_modal_pane, pane_private_modes,
-  pane_output_generation, history_added, history_collected, history_generation,
-  hook_fire_count and hook_fire_time.
+  pane_last_output_time, pane_modal_flag and window_modal_pane.
 
 * Add additional pane sort orders, and a z sort order for choose-tree so
   floating panes can be sorted by z-index.
@@ -178,18 +140,12 @@ CHANGES FROM 3.7c TO 3.8
 
 * The mouse option now defaults to on.
 
-* The active-pane client flag has been removed.
-
 * Fix send-keys -K so keys are inserted in the correct place in the input
   queue, like keys from key bindings (issue 3476).
 
 * Fix control mode clients hanging on exit if pty data was still queued (Ben
   Maurer, issue 5356), and avoid sending notifications to clients which are
-  already exiting (Ben Maurer, issue 5357). Queue notifications so they are not
-  sent inside %begin/%end (issue 5458), do not let a stuck client prevent the
-  server from exiting (issue 5444), and reset control mode offsets when a pane
-  is respawned (issue 5498). Bound buffered command replies so a control mode
-  client that stops reading cannot consume unlimited memory (issue 5565).
+  already exiting (Ben Maurer, issue 5357).
 
 * Fix grouped sessions sometimes being left as unusable command targets while
   they are being killed (Bryce Miller, issue 5180).

Makefile.am

@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	cmd-find-window.c \
 	cmd-find.c \
 	cmd-if-shell.c \
+	cmd-invoke.c \
 	cmd-join-pane.c \
 	cmd-kill-pane.c \
 	cmd-kill-server.c \
@@ -174,7 +175,6 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	input-keys.c \
 	input.c \
 	job.c \
-	json.c \
 	key-bindings.c \
 	key-string.c \
 	layout-custom.c \
@@ -188,6 +188,7 @@ dist_tmux_SOURCES = \
 	options-table.c \
 	options.c \
 	paste.c \
+	popup.c \
 	proc.c \
 	prompt-history.c \
 	prompt.c \
@@ -257,8 +258,7 @@ check_PROGRAMS = \
 	fuzz/input-fuzzer \
 	fuzz/cmd-parse-fuzzer \
 	fuzz/format-fuzzer \
-	fuzz/style-fuzzer \
-	fuzz/layout-fuzzer
+	fuzz/style-fuzzer
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
 fuzz_input_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
 fuzz_cmd_parse_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
@@ -267,8 +267,6 @@ fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
 fuzz_format_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
 fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
 fuzz_style_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
-fuzz_layout_fuzzer_LDFLAGS = $(FUZZING_LIBS)
-fuzz_layout_fuzzer_LDADD = $(LDADD) $(tmux_OBJECTS)
 endif
 
 # Install tmux.1 in the right format.

SYNCING.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ The usual local layout is:
 ```sh
 cd /some/where/useful
 git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux.git tmux-portable
-git clone https://github.com/tmux/tmux-openbsd-cutover.git tmux-openbsd-cutover
+git clone https://github.com/ThomasAdam/tmux-obsd.git tmux-openbsd-cutover
 ```
 
 The exact directory names do not matter, but the examples below use:
@@ -56,19 +56,18 @@ The cutover repository has three important branches:
 
 # Adding the OpenBSD remote to portable
 
-In the portable repository, add the published cutover repository as a remote.
-This works regardless of which branch is checked out in a local cutover clone:
+In the portable repository, add the cutover repository as a remote:
 
 ```sh
 cd /path/to/tmux-portable
-git remote add tmux-openbsd https://github.com/tmux/tmux-openbsd-cutover.git
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
 git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
 ```
 
 If the remote already exists, update it instead:
 
 ```sh
-git remote set-url tmux-openbsd https://github.com/tmux/tmux-openbsd-cutover.git
+git remote set-url tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
 git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
 ```
 
@@ -78,32 +77,6 @@ Fetch the cutover master branch explicitly:
 git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
 ```
 
-To merge unpublished changes from a local cutover clone instead, first ensure
-it has an up-to-date local `master` branch. A normal clone may check out
-`automation` and have only `origin/master`; fetching `master` from that clone
-will then fail with `couldn't find remote ref master`.
-
-With a clean cutover working tree:
-
-```sh
-cd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
-git fetch --no-tags origin
-git switch master
-git merge --ff-only origin/master
-```
-
-`git switch master` creates a tracking branch from `origin/master` if there is
-no local `master` yet. If the fast-forward fails, reconcile the local cutover
-changes before continuing; do not reset them away.
-
-Then, in portable, point the remote at that clone and fetch its local `master`:
-
-```sh
-cd /path/to/tmux-portable
-git remote set-url tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover
-git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
-```
-
 # Automated syncing
 
 The normal sync is performed by the GitHub Actions workflow in the
@@ -126,9 +99,7 @@ OpenBSD changes.
 If the workflow fails while merging into portable, do the merge locally and
 push the result.
 
-Start with a clean working tree and an up-to-date portable master. If a merge
-is already in progress, skip to resolving conflicts, or abort it before
-starting again:
+Start from an up-to-date portable master:
 
 ```sh
 cd /path/to/tmux-portable
@@ -137,15 +108,10 @@ git checkout master
 git pull --ff-only origin master
 ```
 
-Fetch the published cutover branch. Update an existing remote as well, since
-it may point at a local clone without a `master` branch or with a stale one:
+Fetch the cutover branch:
 
 ```sh
-if git remote get-url tmux-openbsd >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    git remote set-url tmux-openbsd https://github.com/tmux/tmux-openbsd-cutover.git
-else
-    git remote add tmux-openbsd https://github.com/tmux/tmux-openbsd-cutover.git
-fi
+git remote add tmux-openbsd /path/to/tmux-openbsd-cutover 2>/dev/null || true
 git config remote.tmux-openbsd.tagOpt --no-tags
 git fetch --no-tags tmux-openbsd master:refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
 ```
@@ -156,22 +122,7 @@ Merge it:
 git merge --no-ff --log refs/remotes/tmux-openbsd/master
 ```
 
-If merging a local cutover branch instead, use the local-clone preparation
-and fetch commands above in place of this fetch block.
-
-When the merge reports conflicts, it leaves the merge in progress. List the
-unresolved files, edit the conflict markers to combine the required portable
-and OpenBSD changes, then stage each resolved file:
-
-```sh
-git diff --name-only --diff-filter=U
-git diff -- path/to/file
-git add path/to/file
-```
-
-For files that should come entirely from one side, decide whether portable or
-OpenBSD owns the file before using the commands below. They replace the whole
-file, including changes outside the conflicting hunks.
+Resolve conflicts by deciding whether portable or OpenBSD owns the file.
 
 Useful commands:
 
@@ -189,25 +140,11 @@ git add path/to/file
 
 This takes the OpenBSD/cutover version of a conflicted file.
 
-For a modify/delete conflict, the side that deleted the file has no version
-to check out. For example, portable generates `Makefile` using autotools and
-does not track OpenBSD's `Makefile`. If Git reports that `Makefile` was deleted
-in HEAD and modified in cutover, keep the portable deletion with:
-
-```sh
-git rm -- Makefile
-```
-
-This removes the OpenBSD file left by the merge; regenerate the portable
-`Makefile` with your usual configure command before building. Use this only
-for the unmerged OpenBSD file, not an existing generated build file.
-
 Before committing, inspect the result:
 
 ```sh
 git status
 git diff --check
-git diff --cached --check
 git diff --cached --stat
 ```
 

arguments.c

@@ -51,13 +51,6 @@ struct args {
 	struct args_value	*values;
 };
 
-/* Prepared command state. */
-struct args_command_state {
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
-	char			*cmd;
-	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-};
-
 static struct args_entry	*args_find(struct args *, u_char);
 
 static int	args_cmp(struct args_entry *, struct args_entry *);
@@ -89,8 +82,7 @@ args_copy_value(struct args_value *to, struct args_value *from)
 	case ARGS_NONE:
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		to->cmdlist = from->cmdlist;
-		to->cmdlist->references++;
+		to->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(from->cmd);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_STRING:
 		to->string = xstrdup(from->string);
@@ -123,7 +115,7 @@ args_value_as_string(struct args_value *value)
 		return ("");
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
 		if (value->cached == NULL)
-			value->cached = cmd_list_print(value->cmdlist, 0);
+			value->cached = cmd_parse_print(value->cmd, 0);
 		return (value->cached);
 	case ARGS_STRING:
 		return (value->string);
@@ -367,7 +359,7 @@ args_copy_copy_value(struct args_value *to, struct args_value *from, int argc,
 		to->string = expanded;
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		to->cmdlist = cmd_list_copy(from->cmdlist, argc, argv);
+		to->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(from->cmd);
 		break;
 	}
 }
@@ -418,7 +410,7 @@ args_free_value(struct args_value *value)
 		free(value->string);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		cmd_list_free(value->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(value->cmd);
 		break;
 	}
 	free(value->cached);
@@ -477,7 +469,7 @@ args_to_vector(struct args *args, int *argc, char ***argv)
 			cmd_append_argv(argc, argv, args->values[i].string);
 			break;
 		case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-			s = cmd_list_print(args->values[i].cmdlist, 0);
+			s = cmd_parse_print(args->values[i].cmd, 0);
 			cmd_append_argv(argc, argv, s);
 			free(s);
 			break;
@@ -532,7 +524,7 @@ args_print_add_value(char **buf, size_t *len, struct args_value *value)
 	case ARGS_NONE:
 		break;
 	case ARGS_COMMANDS:
-		expanded = cmd_list_print(value->cmdlist, 0);
+		expanded = cmd_parse_print(value->cmd, 0);
 		args_print_add(buf, len, "{ %s }", expanded);
 		break;
 	case ARGS_STRING:
@@ -747,144 +739,53 @@ args_string(struct args *args, u_int idx)
 	return (args_value_as_string(&args->values[idx]));
 }
 
-/* Make a command now. */
-struct cmd_list *
-args_make_commands_now(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
-    int expand)
+/*
+ * Convert one command argument into a parse tree. A string value is parsed;
+ * existing commands are referenced.
+ */
+struct cmd_parse_tree *
+args_to_commands(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
+    const char *default_command, int expand, char **cause)
 {
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	char				*error;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	struct args_value	*value;
+	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi = { 0 };
+	const char		*cmd = NULL, *file;
+	char			*expanded;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 
-	state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, idx, NULL, 0, expand);
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	}
-	args_make_commands_free(state);
-	return (cmdlist);
-}
+	*cause = NULL;
 
-/* Save bits to make a command later. */
-struct args_command_state *
-args_make_commands_prepare(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int idx,
-    const char *default_command, int wait, int expand)
-{
-	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct args_value		*value;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	const char			*cmd;
-	const char			*file;
-
-	state = xcalloc(1, sizeof *state);
-
-	if (idx < args->count) {
-		value = &args->values[idx];
-		if (value->type == ARGS_COMMANDS) {
-			state->cmdlist = value->cmdlist;
-			state->cmdlist->references++;
-			return (state);
-		}
-		cmd = value->string;
-	} else {
-		if (default_command == NULL)
-			fatalx("argument out of range");
+	if (idx >= args->count)
 		cmd = default_command;
+	else {
+		value = &args->values[idx];
+		switch (value->type) {
+		case ARGS_COMMANDS:
+			return (cmd_parse_add_ref(value->cmd));
+		case ARGS_STRING:
+			cmd = value->string;
+			break;
+		case ARGS_NONE:
+			break;
+		}
 	}
-
+	if (cmd == NULL)
+		fatalx("argument out of range");
 
 	if (expand)
-		state->cmd = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
+		expanded = format_single_from_target(item, cmd);
 	else
-		state->cmd = xstrdup(cmd);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, state->cmd);
+		expanded = xstrdup(cmd);
+	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, expanded);
 
-	if (wait)
-		state->pi.item = item;
-	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &state->pi.line);
+	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &pi.line);
 	if (file != NULL)
-		state->pi.file = xstrdup(file);
-	state->pi.c = tc;
-	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
-		state->pi.c->references++;
-	cmd_find_copy_state(&state->pi.fs, target);
-
-	return (state);
-}
-
-/* Return argument as command. */
-struct cmd_list *
-args_make_commands(struct args_command_state *state, int argc, char **argv,
-    char **error)
-{
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
-	char			*cmd, *new_cmd;
-	int			 i;
-
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL) {
-		if (argc == 0) {
-			state->cmdlist->references++;
-			return (state->cmdlist);
-		}
-		return (cmd_list_copy(state->cmdlist, argc, argv));
-	}
-
-	cmd = xstrdup(state->cmd);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, cmd);
-	cmd_log_argv(argc, argv, __func__);
-	for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
-		new_cmd = cmd_template_replace(cmd, argv[i], i + 1);
-		log_debug("%s: %%%u %s: %s", __func__, i + 1, argv[i], new_cmd);
-		free(cmd);
-		cmd = new_cmd;
-	}
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, cmd);
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_string(cmd, &state->pi);
-	free(cmd);
-	switch (pr->status) {
-	case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-		*error = pr->error;
-		return (NULL);
-	case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-		return (pr->cmdlist);
-	}
-	fatalx("invalid parse return state");
-}
-
-/* Free commands state. */
-void
-args_make_commands_free(struct args_command_state *state)
-{
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(state->cmdlist);
-	if (state->pi.c != NULL)
-		server_client_unref(state->pi.c);
-	free((void *)state->pi.file);
-	free(state->cmd);
-	free(state);
-}
-
-/* Get prepared command. */
-char *
-args_make_commands_get_command(struct args_command_state *state)
-{
-	struct cmd	*first;
-	int		 n;
-	char		*s;
-
-	if (state->cmdlist != NULL) {
-		first = cmd_list_first(state->cmdlist);
-		if (first == NULL)
-			return (xstrdup(""));
-		return (xstrdup(cmd_get_entry(first)->name));
-	}
-	n = strcspn(state->cmd, " ,");
-	xasprintf(&s, "%.*s", n, state->cmd);
-	return (s);
+		pi.file = file;
+	pi.flags = cmd_get_parse_flags(self);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_string(expanded, &pi, cause);
+	free(expanded);
+	return (tree);
 }
 
 /* Get first value in argument. */

cfg.c

@@ -87,20 +87,21 @@ start_cfg(void)
 	if (cfg_quiet)
 		flags = CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
 	for (i = 0; i < cfg_nfiles; i++)
-		load_cfg(cfg_files[i], c, NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
+		load_cfg(cfg_files[i], NULL, NULL, flags, NULL);
 
 	cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_callback(cfg_done, NULL));
 }
 
 int
-load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
+load_cfg(const char *path, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct cmd_find_state *current, int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	FILE			*f;
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item0;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
 		*new_item = NULL;
@@ -117,18 +118,16 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	pi.flags = flags;
 	pi.file = path;
 	pi.line = 1;
-	pi.item = item;
-	pi.c = c;
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_file(f, &pi);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_file(f, &pi, &cause);
 	fclose(f);
-	if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
-		cfg_add_cause("%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
+	if (tree == NULL) {
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (-1);
 	}
+	cmd_parse_log(__func__, tree);
 	if (flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) {
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		return (0);
 	}
 
@@ -138,12 +137,12 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
 
-	new_item0 = cmdq_get_command(pr->cmdlist, state);
+	new_item0 = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		new_item0 = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item0);
 	else
 		new_item0 = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item0);
-	cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
@@ -153,13 +152,14 @@ load_cfg(const char *path, struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item,
 
 int
 load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
-    struct client *c, struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_find_state *current,
-    int flags, struct cmdq_item **new_item)
+    struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_find_state *current, int flags,
+    struct cmdq_item **new_item)
 {
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item0;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)
 		*new_item = NULL;
@@ -170,17 +170,15 @@ load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
 	pi.flags = flags;
 	pi.file = path;
 	pi.line = 1;
-	pi.item = item;
-	pi.c = c;
-
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_buffer(buf, len, &pi);
-	if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
-		cfg_add_cause("%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_buffer(buf, len, &pi, &cause);
+	if (tree == NULL) {
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		return (-1);
 	}
+	cmd_parse_log(__func__, tree);
 	if (flags & CMD_PARSE_PARSEONLY) {
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		return (0);
 	}
 
@@ -190,12 +188,12 @@ load_cfg_from_buffer(const void *buf, size_t len, const char *path,
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 	cmdq_add_format(state, "current_file", "%s", pi.file);
 
-	new_item0 = cmdq_get_command(pr->cmdlist, state);
+	new_item0 = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		new_item0 = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item0);
 	else
 		new_item0 = cmdq_append(NULL, new_item0);
-	cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 	if (new_item != NULL)

client.c

@@ -69,6 +69,25 @@ static void		 client_dispatch_attached(struct imsg *);
 static void		 client_dispatch_wait(struct imsg *);
 static const char	*client_exit_message(void);
 
+/* Does any command have a flag? */
+static int
+client_command_has_flag(int argc, char **argv, int flag)
+{
+	struct args_value	*values;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	int			 found;
+
+	values = args_from_vector(argc, argv);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_arguments(values, argc, NULL);
+	found = cmd_parse_any_have(tree, flag);
+
+	cmd_parse_free(tree);
+	args_free_values(values, argc);
+	free(values);
+
+	return (found);
+}
+
 /*
  * Get server create lock. If already held then server start is happening in
  * another client, so block until the lock is released and return -2 to
@@ -232,7 +251,6 @@ int
 client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
     int feat)
 {
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
 	struct msg_command	*data;
 	int			 fd, i;
 	const char		*ttynam, *termname, *cwd;
@@ -242,7 +260,6 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 	size_t			 size;
 	char			**caps = NULL, *cause;
 	u_int			 ncaps = 0;
-	struct args_value	*values;
 
 	/* Set up the initial command. */
 	if (shell_command != NULL) {
@@ -253,22 +270,8 @@ client_main(struct event_base *base, int argc, char **argv, uint64_t flags,
 		flags |= CLIENT_STARTSERVER;
 	} else {
 		msg = MSG_COMMAND;
-
-		/*
-		 * It's annoying parsing the command string twice (in client
-		 * and later in server) but it is necessary to get the start
-		 * server flag.
-		 */
-		values = args_from_vector(argc, argv);
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_arguments(values, argc, NULL);
-		if (pr->status == CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS) {
-			if (cmd_list_any_have(pr->cmdlist, CMD_STARTSERVER))
-				flags |= CLIENT_STARTSERVER;
-			cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
-		} else
-			free(pr->error);
-		args_free_values(values, argc);
-		free(values);
+		if (client_command_has_flag(argc, argv, CMD_STARTSERVER))
+			flags |= CLIENT_STARTSERVER;
 	}
 
 	/* Create client process structure (starts logging). */

cmd-attach-session.c

@@ -91,10 +91,8 @@ cmd_attach_session(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *tflag, int dflag,
 	wp = target.wp;
 
 	if (wl != NULL) {
-		if (wp != NULL) {
-			window_redraw_active_switch(wp->window, wp);
+		if (wp != NULL)
 			window_set_active_pane(wp->window, wp, 1);
-		}
 		session_set_current(s, wl);
 		if (wp != NULL)
 			cmd_find_from_winlink_pane(current, wl, wp, 0);

cmd-bind-key.c

@@ -54,13 +54,14 @@ cmd_bind_key_args_parse(__unused struct args *args, __unused u_int idx,
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
-	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	key_code		  key;
-	const char		 *tablename, *note = args_get(args, 'N');
-	struct cmd_parse_result	 *pr;
-	int			  repeat;
-	struct args_value	 *value;
-	u_int			  count = args_count(args);
+	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
+	key_code		 key;
+	const char		*tablename, *note = args_get(args, 'N'), *file;
+	int			 repeat;
+	struct args_value	*value;
+	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd;
+	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
 
 	key = key_string_lookup_string(args_string(args, 0));
 	if (key == KEYC_NONE || key == KEYC_UNKNOWN) {
@@ -83,25 +84,18 @@ cmd_bind_key_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	value = args_value(args, 1);
 	if (count == 2 && value->type == ARGS_COMMANDS) {
-		key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, value->cmdlist);
-		value->cmdlist->references++;
+		cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(value->cmd);
+		key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, cmd);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
-	if (count == 2)
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(args_string(args, 1), NULL);
-	else {
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_arguments(args_values(args) + 1, count - 1,
-		    NULL);
-	}
-	switch (pr->status) {
-	case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-		cmdq_error(item, "%s", pr->error);
-		free(pr->error);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-	case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-		break;
-	}
-	key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, pr->cmdlist);
+	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof pi);
+	cmd_get_source(self, &file, &pi.line);
+	if (file != NULL)
+		pi.file = file;
+	pi.flags = cmd_get_parse_flags(self);
+
+	cmd = cmd_parse_from_arguments(args_values(args) + 1, count - 1, &pi);
+	key_bindings_add(tablename, key, note, repeat, cmd);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }

cmd-capture-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-capture-pane.c,v 1.69 2026/09/08 07:31:59 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-capture-pane.c,v 1.68 2026/07/20 11:16:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Jonathan Alvarado <radobobo@users.sourceforge.net>
@@ -42,8 +42,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_capture_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "capture-pane",
 	.alias = "capturep",
 
-	.args = { "ab:CeE:FHIJLMNpPqRS:Tt:", 0, 0, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aCeFHIJLMNpPqRT] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
+	.args = { "ab:CeE:FHJLMNpPqRS:Tt:", 0, 0, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCeFHJLMNpPqRT] " CMD_BUFFER_USAGE " [-E end-line] "
 		 "[-S start-line] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE,
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, 0 },
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ cmd_capture_pane_pending(struct args *args, struct window_pane *wp,
 				tmp[0] = line[i];
 				tmp[1] = '\0';
 			} else
-				snprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "\\%03hho", line[i]);
+				xsnprintf(tmp, sizeof tmp, "\\%03hho", line[i]);
 			buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, tmp,
 			    strlen(tmp));
 		}
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 	struct grid_cell		*gc = NULL;
 	struct window_mode_entry	*wme;
 	int				 n, join_lines, number_lines, flags = 0;
-	int				 show_flags, show_time, hyperlinks;
+	int				 show_flags, hyperlinks;
 	u_int				*links = NULL, nlinks = 0;
 	u_int				 i, sx, top, bottom, tmp;
 	char				*cause, *buf = NULL, *line, b[64], *cp;
@@ -342,7 +342,6 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		flags |= GRID_STRING_TRIM_SPACES;
 	number_lines = args_has(args, 'L');
 	show_flags = args_has(args, 'F');
-	show_time = args_has(args, 'I');
 	hyperlinks = args_has(args, 'H');
 	if (hyperlinks)
 		links = xreallocarray(NULL, gd->sx, sizeof *links);
@@ -359,7 +358,6 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 			free(line);
 			continue;
 		}
-		gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
 
 		if (number_lines) {
 			if (i >= gd->hsize)
@@ -370,16 +368,11 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 			if (n >= 0)
 				buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, n);
 		}
-		if (show_time) {
-			n = snprintf(b, sizeof b, "%llu ",
-			    (unsigned long long)grid_line_time(gl));
-			if (n >= 0)
-				buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, b, n);
-		}
 		if (show_flags) {
 			cp = b;
 			*cp = '\0';
 
+			gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
 			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_DEAD)
 				*cp++ = 'D';
 			if (gl->flags & GRID_LINE_HYPERLINK)
@@ -400,6 +393,7 @@ cmd_capture_pane_history(struct args *args, struct cmdq_item *item,
 		}
 		buf = cmd_capture_pane_append(buf, len, line, linelen);
 
+		gl = grid_peek_line(gd, i);
 		if (!join_lines || !(gl->flags & GRID_LINE_WRAPPED))
 			buf[(*len)++] = '\n';
 

cmd-command-prompt.c

@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt {
 
 struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata {
 	struct cmdq_item		 *item;
-	struct args_command_state	 *state;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		 *tree;
 
 	int				  flags;
 	enum prompt_type		  prompt_type;
@@ -85,13 +85,13 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct args			*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	const char			*type, *s, *input;
+	const char			*type, *s, *input, *cmd;
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata *cdata;
 	char				*tmp, *prompts, *prompt, *next_prompt;
-	char				*inputs = NULL, *next_input;
+	char				*inputs = NULL, *next_input, *cause = NULL;
 	struct window_pane		*wp = target->wp;
 	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), space = 1;
+	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), space = 1, n;
 	int				 pane = args_has(args, 'P');
 
 	if (pane) {
@@ -107,14 +107,22 @@ cmd_command_prompt_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		cdata->item = item;
 	if (pane)
 		cdata->wp = wp;
-	cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, "%1", wait,
-	    args_has(args, 'F'));
+	if (count != 0) {
+		cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL,
+		    args_has(args, 'F'), &cause);
+		if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			free(cdata);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
+	}
 
 	if ((s = args_get(args, 'p')) == NULL) {
 		if (count != 0) {
-			tmp = args_make_commands_get_command(cdata->state);
-			xasprintf(&prompts, "(%s)", tmp);
-			free(tmp);
+			cmd = args_string(args, 0);
+			n = strcspn(cmd, " ,");
+			xasprintf(&prompts, "(%.*s)", n, cmd);
 		} else {
 			prompts = xstrdup(":");
 			space = 0;
@@ -201,8 +209,11 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_cdata		 *cdata = data;
 	char					 *error;
 	struct cmdq_item			 *item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list				 *cmdlist;
+	struct cmdq_state			 *cs = NULL;
 	struct cmd_command_prompt_prompt	 *prompt;
+	struct cmd_invoke_input			  ci = { 0 };
+	struct cmd_parse_tree			 *tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_input			  pi = { 0 };
 	int					  argc = 0;
 	char					**argv = NULL;
 
@@ -235,18 +246,35 @@ cmd_command_prompt_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 		cdata->argv = cmd_copy_argv(argc, argv);
 	}
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, argc, argv, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
-		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
-		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
+	if (item != NULL)
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+
+	if (cdata->tree != NULL) {
+		/* Explicit body: prompt inputs become the template argv. */
+		ci.argc = argc;
+		ci.argv = argv;
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, &ci);
+		if (item == NULL)
+			cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+		else
+			cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+	} else if (argc > 0 && argv[0] != NULL) {
+		/* No body: parse the submitted text as command language. */
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(argv[0], &pi, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
+			if (item == NULL)
+				cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
+			else
+				cmdq_error(item, "%s", error);
+			free(error);
+		} else {
+			new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cs, NULL);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
+			if (item == NULL)
+				cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+			else
+				cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+		}
 	}
 	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 
@@ -283,6 +311,6 @@ cmd_command_prompt_free(void *data)
 	}
 	free(cdata->prompts);
 	cmd_free_argv(cdata->argc, cdata->argv);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-confirm-before.c

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_confirm_before_entry = {
 
 struct cmd_confirm_before_data {
 	struct cmdq_item	*item;
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	u_char			 confirm_key;
 	int			 default_yes;
 };
@@ -70,13 +70,15 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	char				*new_prompt;
+	char				*new_prompt, *cause = NULL;
 	const char			*confirm_key, *prompt, *cmd;
-	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
+	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b'), n;
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-	cdata->cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 0, 1);
-	if (cdata->cmdlist == NULL) {
+	cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL, 1, &cause);
+	if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		free(cause);
 		free(cdata);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 	}
@@ -92,8 +94,7 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			cdata->confirm_key = confirm_key[0];
 		else {
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid confirm key");
-			cmd_list_free(cdata->cmdlist);
-			free(cdata);
+			cmd_confirm_before_free(cdata);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
 	}
@@ -103,8 +104,9 @@ cmd_confirm_before_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if ((prompt = args_get(args, 'p')) != NULL)
 		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "%s ", prompt);
 	else {
-		cmd = cmd_get_entry(cmd_list_first(cdata->cmdlist))->name;
-		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%s'? (%c/n) ", cmd,
+		cmd = args_string(args, 0);
+		n = strcspn(cmd, " ,");
+		xasprintf(&new_prompt, "Confirm '%.*s'? (%c/n) ", n, cmd,
 		    cdata->confirm_key);
 	}
 
@@ -124,6 +126,7 @@ cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 {
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata = data;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
+	struct cmdq_state		*cs;
 	int				 retcode = 1;
 
 	if (c->flags & CLIENT_DEAD)
@@ -136,11 +139,11 @@ cmd_confirm_before_callback(struct client *c, void *data, const char *s,
 	retcode = 0;
 
 	if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cdata->cmdlist, NULL);
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, NULL, NULL);
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
 	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cdata->cmdlist,
-		    cmdq_get_state(item));
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, NULL);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
 	}
 
@@ -159,6 +162,6 @@ cmd_confirm_before_free(void *data)
 {
 	struct cmd_confirm_before_data	*cdata = data;
 
-	cmd_list_free(cdata->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-display-menu.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-menu.c,v 1.55 2026/09/21 12:14:32 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-menu.c,v 1.53 2026/08/31 07:46:55 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -54,8 +54,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_popup_entry = {
 	.name = "display-popup",
 	.alias = "popup",
 
-	.args = { "Bb:Cc:d:e:Eh:ks:S:t:T:w:x:y:", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-BCEk] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] "
+	.args = { "Bb:Cc:d:e:Eh:kNs:S:t:T:w:x:y:", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-BCEkN] [-b border-lines] [-c target-client] "
 		 "[-d start-directory] [-e environment] [-h height] "
 		 "[-s style] [-S border-style] " CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE
 		 " [-T title] [-w width] [-x position] [-y position] "
@@ -91,6 +91,203 @@ cmd_display_menu_args_parse(struct args *args, u_int idx, __unused char **cause)
 	return (type);
 }
 
+static int
+cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
+{
+	struct tty		*tty = &tc->tty;
+	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
+	struct key_event	*event = cmdq_get_event(item);
+	struct session		*s = tc->session;
+	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
+	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
+	struct style_ranges	*ranges = NULL;
+	struct style_range	*sr = NULL;
+	const char		*xp, *yp;
+	char			*p;
+	int			 top;
+	u_int			 line, ox, oy, sx, sy, lines, position;
+	long			 n;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+
+	/*
+	 * Work out the position from the -x and -y arguments. This is the
+	 * bottom-left position.
+	 */
+
+	/* If the popup is too big, stop now. */
+	if (w > tty->sx || h > tty->sy)
+		return (0);
+
+	/* Create format with mouse position if any. */
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_x", "%u", event->m.x);
+		format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_y", "%u", event->m.y);
+	}
+
+	/* Position of the previous menu, for -x/-y L. */
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_x", "%u", target->w->menu_last_px);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_last_y", "%u", target->w->menu_last_py + h);
+
+	/*
+	 * If there are any status lines, add this window position and the
+	 * status line position.
+	 */
+	top = status_at_line(tc);
+	if (top != -1) {
+		lines = status_line_size(tc);
+		if (top == 0)
+			top = lines;
+		else
+			top = 0;
+		position = options_get_number(s->options, "status-position");
+
+		for (line = 0; line < lines; line++) {
+			ranges = &tc->status.entries[line].ranges;
+			TAILQ_FOREACH(sr, ranges, entry) {
+				if (sr->type != STYLE_RANGE_WINDOW)
+					continue;
+				if (sr->argument == (u_int)wl->idx)
+					break;
+			}
+			if (sr != NULL)
+				break;
+		}
+
+		if (sr != NULL) {
+			format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_x", "%u",
+			    sr->start);
+			if (position == 0) {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", line + 1 + h);
+			} else {
+				format_add(ft, "popup_window_status_line_y",
+				    "%u", tty->sy - lines + line);
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (position == 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u", lines + h);
+		else {
+			format_add(ft, "popup_status_line_y", "%u",
+			    tty->sy - lines);
+		}
+	} else
+		top = 0;
+
+	/* Popup width and height. */
+	format_add(ft, "popup_width", "%u", w);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_height", "%u", h);
+
+	/* Position so popup is in the centre. */
+	n = (long)(tty->sx - 1) / 2 - w / 2;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+	n = (tty->sy - 1) / 2 + h / 2;
+	if (n >= tty->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%u", tty->sy - h);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+
+	/* Position of popup relative to mouse. */
+	if (event->m.valid) {
+		n = (long)event->m.x - w / 2;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_x", "%ld", n);
+		n = event->m.y - h / 2;
+		if (n + h >= tty->sy) {
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%u",
+			    tty->sy - h);
+		} else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_centre_y", "%ld", n);
+		n = (long)event->m.y + h;
+		if (n >= tty->sy)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%u", tty->sy - 1);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_top", "%ld", n);
+		n = event->m.y - h;
+		if (n < 0)
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%u", 0);
+		else
+			format_add(ft, "popup_mouse_bottom", "%ld", n);
+	}
+
+	/* Position in pane. */
+	tty_window_offset(&tc->tty, &ox, &oy, &sx, &sy);
+	n = top + wp->yoff - oy + h;
+	if (n >= tty->sy)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%u", tty->sy - h);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_top", "%ld", n);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_bottom", "%u", top + wp->yoff + wp->sy - oy);
+	format_add(ft, "popup_pane_left", "%u", wp->xoff - ox);
+	n = (long)wp->xoff + wp->sx - ox - w;
+	if (n < 0)
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%u", 0);
+	else
+		format_add(ft, "popup_pane_right", "%ld", n);
+
+	/* Expand horizontal position. */
+	xp = args_get(args, 'x');
+	if (xp == NULL || strcmp(xp, "C") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "R") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_right}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "P") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_pane_left}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "M") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_mouse_centre_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "L") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_last_x}";
+	else if (strcmp(xp, "W") == 0)
+		xp = "#{popup_window_status_line_x}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, xp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n + w >= tty->sx)
+		n = tty->sx - w;
+	else if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	*px = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -x: %s = %s = %u (-w %u)", __func__, xp, p, *px, w);
+	free(p);
+
+	/* Expand vertical position  */
+	yp = args_get(args, 'y');
+	if (yp == NULL || strcmp(yp, "C") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_centre_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "P") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_pane_bottom}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "M") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_mouse_top}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "L") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_last_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "S") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_status_line_y}";
+	else if (strcmp(yp, "W") == 0)
+		yp = "#{popup_window_status_line_y}";
+	p = format_expand(ft, yp);
+	n = strtol(p, NULL, 10);
+	if (n < h)
+		n = 0;
+	else
+		n -= h;
+	if (n + h >= tty->sy)
+		n = tty->sy - h;
+	else if (n < 0)
+		n = 0;
+	*py = n;
+	log_debug("%s: -y: %s = %s = %u (-h %u)", __func__, yp, p, *py, h);
+	free(p);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	return (1);
+}
+
 static int
 cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(struct client *tc, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct args *args, u_int *px, u_int *py, u_int w, u_int h)
@@ -285,8 +482,8 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
 	char			*title, *cause = NULL;
 	int			 flags = 0, starting_choice = 0;
-	u_int			 px, py, sx, sy, i, count = args_count(args);
-	struct options		*o = target->w->options;
+	u_int			 px, py, i, count = args_count(args);
+	struct options		*o = target->s->curw->window->options;
 	struct options_entry	*oe;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
@@ -334,6 +531,9 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (menu->count == 0)
 		goto out;
+	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+	    menu->width + 4, menu->count + 2))
+		goto out;
 
 	value = args_get(args, 'b');
 	if (value != NULL) {
@@ -344,11 +544,7 @@ cmd_display_menu_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			cmdq_error(item, "menu-border-lines %s", cause);
 			goto fail;
 		}
-	} else
-		lines = options_get_number(o, "menu-border-lines");
-	menu_get_size(menu, lines, &sx, &sy);
-	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py, sx, sy))
-		goto out;
+	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'O'))
 		flags |= MENU_STAYOPEN;
@@ -369,22 +565,6 @@ fail:
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
-static enum pane_lines
-cmd_display_popup_get_lines(const char *value, char **cause)
-{
-	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
-
-	if (value == NULL)
-		value = "single";
-	else if (strcmp(value, "rounded") == 0)
-		value = "single";
-	else if (strcmp(value, "padded") == 0)
-		value = "spaces";
-
-	oe = options_search("pane-border-lines");
-	return (options_find_choice(oe, value, cause));
-}
-
 static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
@@ -392,199 +572,148 @@ cmd_display_popup_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
-	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
-	struct window		*w = wl->window;
-	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp, *new_wp = NULL;
-	struct spawn_context	 sc = { 0 };
-	struct layout_cell	*lc = NULL;
-	struct layout_geometry	 lg;
-	struct event_payload	*ep;
-	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
-	const char		*value, *style = args_get(args, 's');
+	struct tty		*tty = &tc->tty;
+	const char		*value, *shell, *shellcmd = NULL;
+	const char		*style = args_get(args, 's');
 	const char		*border_style = args_get(args, 'S');
-	char			*cause = NULL, *title = NULL;
-	enum pane_lines		 lines = PANE_LINES_SINGLE;
-	u_int			 px, py, sx, sy, count = args_count(args);
+	char			*cwd = NULL, *cause = NULL, **argv = NULL;
+	char			*title = NULL;
+	int			 modify = popup_present(tc);
+	int			 flags = -1, argc = 0;
+	enum box_lines		 lines = BOX_LINES_DEFAULT;
+	u_int			 px, py, w, h, count = args_count(args);
 	struct args_value	*av;
-	long long		 ll;
+	struct environ		*env = NULL;
+	struct options		*o = s->curw->window->options;
+	struct options_entry	*oe;
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'C')) {
-		if (w->modal != NULL)
-			server_kill_pane(w->modal);
+		server_client_clear_overlay(tc);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 	if (tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-	if (w->modal != NULL)
+	if (!modify && tc->overlay_draw != NULL)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
+	if (!modify) {
+		h = tty->sy / 2;
+		if (args_has(args, 'h')) {
+			h = args_percentage(args, 'h', 1, tty->sy, tty->sy,
+			    &cause);
+			if (cause != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
+				goto fail;
+			}
+		}
+
+		w = tty->sx / 2;
+		if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
+			w = args_percentage(args, 'w', 1, tty->sx, tty->sx,
+			    &cause);
+			if (cause != NULL) {
+				cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
+				goto fail;
+			}
+		}
+
+		if (w > tty->sx)
+			w = tty->sx;
+		if (h > tty->sy)
+			h = tty->sy;
+		if (!cmd_display_menu_get_popup_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py,
+		    w, h))
+			goto out;
+
+		value = args_get(args, 'd');
+		if (value != NULL)
+			cwd = format_single_from_target(item, value);
+		else
+			cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(tc, s));
+		if (count == 0) {
+			shellcmd = options_get_string(s->options,
+			    "default-command");
+		} else if (count == 1)
+			shellcmd = args_string(args, 0);
+		if (count <= 1 && (shellcmd == NULL || *shellcmd == '\0')) {
+			shellcmd = NULL;
+			shell = options_get_string(s->options, "default-shell");
+			if (!checkshell(shell))
+				shell = _PATH_BSHELL;
+			cmd_append_argv(&argc, &argv, shell);
+		} else
+			args_to_vector(args, &argc, &argv);
+
+		if (args_has(args, 'e') >= 1) {
+			env = environ_create();
+			av = args_first_value(args, 'e');
+			while (av != NULL) {
+				environ_put(env, av->string, 0);
+				av = args_next_value(av);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
 	value = args_get(args, 'b');
 	if (args_has(args, 'B'))
-		lines = PANE_LINES_NONE;
+		lines = BOX_LINES_NONE;
 	else if (value != NULL) {
-		lines = cmd_display_popup_get_lines(value, &cause);
+		oe = options_get(o, "popup-border-lines");
+		lines = options_find_choice(options_table_entry(oe), value,
+		    &cause);
 		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "pane-border-lines %s", cause);
+			cmdq_error(item, "popup-border-lines %s", cause);
 			goto fail;
 		}
 	}
 
-	sy = w->sy / 2;
-	if (args_has(args, 'h')) {
-		ll = args_percentage(args, 'h', 1, w->sy, w->sy, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "height %s", cause);
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		sy = ll;
-	}
-
-	sx = w->sx / 2;
-	if (args_has(args, 'w')) {
-		ll = args_percentage(args, 'w', 1, w->sx, w->sx, &cause);
-		if (cause != NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "width %s", cause);
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		sx = ll;
-	}
-
-	if (sx > w->sx)
-		sx = w->sx;
-	if (sy > w->sy)
-		sy = w->sy;
-	if ((lines == PANE_LINES_NONE && (sx < 1 || sy < 1)) ||
-	    (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE && (sx < 3 || sy < 3)))
-		goto out;
-	if (!cmd_display_menu_get_menu_pos(tc, item, args, &px, &py, sx, sy))
-		goto out;
-
-	lg.sx = sx;
-	lg.sy = sy;
-	lg.xoff = px;
-	lg.yoff = py;
-	if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE) {
-		lg.sx -= 2;
-		lg.sy -= 2;
-		lg.xoff++;
-		lg.yoff++;
-	}
-
-	window_push_zoom(w, 0, 1);
-	lc = layout_floating_pane(w, wp, &lg);
-	if (lc == NULL) {
-		window_pop_zoom(w);
-		goto out;
-	}
-
-	sc.item = item;
-	sc.s = s;
-	sc.wl = wl;
-	sc.tc = tc;
-	sc.wp0 = wp;
-	sc.lc = lc;
-	sc.idx = -1;
-	sc.cwd = args_get(args, 'd');
-	sc.flags = (SPAWN_FLOATING|SPAWN_MODAL|SPAWN_FLOATOVERZOOM);
-
-	if (count != 1 || *args_string(args, 0) != '\0')
-		args_to_vector(args, &sc.argc, &sc.argv);
-	sc.environ = environ_create();
-	av = args_first_value(args, 'e');
-	while (av != NULL) {
-		environ_put(sc.environ, av->string, 0);
-		av = args_next_value(av);
-	}
-
-	new_wp = spawn_pane(&sc, &cause);
-	if (new_wp == NULL) {
-		cmdq_error(item, "create pane failed: %s", cause);
-		free(cause);
-		cause = NULL;
-		window_pop_zoom(w);
-		goto fail;
-	}
-	window_pop_zoom(w);
-	new_wp->flags |= PANE_CAPTUREALLKEYS;
-	if (!args_has(args, 'E'))
-		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CLOSEONCANCEL;
-
-	options_set_number(new_wp->options, "pane-border-lines", lines);
-	if (args_has(args, 'E') > 1) {
-		if (args_has(args, 'k'))
-			options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 4);
-		else
-			options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 2);
-	} else if (args_has(args, 'E'))
-		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 0);
-	else if (args_has(args, 'k'))
-		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 3);
-	else
-		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit", 1);
-	options_set_string(new_wp->options, "remain-on-exit-format", 0, "%s", "");
-
-	if (style != NULL) {
-		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-style", 0,
-		    "%s", style) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "bad style: %s", style);
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		options_set_string(new_wp->options, "window-active-style", 0,
-		    "%s", style);
-		new_wp->flags |= (PANE_REDRAW|PANE_STYLECHANGED|
-		    PANE_THEMECHANGED);
-	}
-	if (border_style != NULL) {
-		if (options_set_string(new_wp->options, "pane-border-style", 0,
-		    "%s", border_style) == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "bad border style: %s", border_style);
-			goto fail;
-		}
-		options_set_string(new_wp->options, "pane-active-border-style",
-		    0, "%s", border_style);
-	}
 	if (args_has(args, 'T'))
 		title = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'T'));
-	if (title != NULL) {
-		options_set_number(new_wp->options, "pane-border-status",
-		    PANE_STATUS_TOP);
-		options_set_string(new_wp->options, "pane-border-format", 0,
-		    "%s", "#{pane_title}");
-		screen_set_title(&new_wp->base, title, 0);
-		ep = event_payload_create();
-		cmd_find_from_pane(&fs, new_wp, 0);
-		event_payload_set_target(ep, &fs);
-		event_payload_set_pane(ep, "pane", new_wp);
-		event_payload_set_window(ep, "window", new_wp->window);
-		event_payload_set_string(ep, "new_title", "%s", title);
-		events_fire("pane-title-changed", ep);
+	else
+		title = xstrdup("");
+
+	if (args_has(args, 'N') || !modify)
+		flags = 0;
+	if (args_has(args, 'E') > 1) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
+		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEEXITZERO;
+	} else if (args_has(args, 'E')) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
+		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEEXIT;
+	}
+	if (args_has(args, 'k')) {
+		if (flags == -1)
+			flags = 0;
+		flags |= POPUP_CLOSEANYKEY;
 	}
 
-	new_wp->wait_item = item;
-	server_redraw_session(s);
-	if (sc.argv != NULL)
-		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	if (modify) {
+		popup_modify(tc, title, style, border_style, lines, flags);
+		goto out;
+	}
+	if (popup_display(flags, lines, item, px, py, w, h, env, shellcmd, argc,
+	    argv, cwd, title, tc, s, style, border_style, NULL, NULL) != 0)
+		goto out;
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
 	free(title);
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
 
 out:
-	if (sc.argv != NULL)
-		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
 	free(title);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 
 fail:
 	free(cause);
-	if (new_wp != NULL) {
-		server_client_remove_pane(new_wp);
-		layout_close_pane(new_wp);
-		window_remove_pane(new_wp->window, new_wp);
-	}
-	if (sc.argv != NULL)
-		cmd_free_argv(sc.argc, sc.argv);
-	environ_free(sc.environ);
+	cmd_free_argv(argc, argv);
+	environ_free(env);
+	free(cwd);
 	free(title);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }

cmd-display-message.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-message.c,v 1.66 2026/09/08 08:33:10 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-display-message.c,v 1.65 2026/02/23 08:46:57 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_display_message_entry = {
 	.name = "display-message",
 	.alias = "display",
 
-	.args = { "aCc:d:jlINpt:F:v", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-aCIjlNpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-F format] "
+	.args = { "aCc:d:lINpt:F:v", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-aCIlNpv] [-c target-client] [-d delay] [-F format] "
 		 CMD_TARGET_PANE_USAGE " [message]",
 
 	.target = { 't', CMD_FIND_PANE, CMD_FIND_CANFAIL },
@@ -67,15 +67,14 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	const char		*template;
-	char			*msg, *cause = NULL;
+	char			*msg, *cause;
 	int			 delay = -1, flags, Nflag = args_has(args, 'N');
 	int			 Cflag = args_has(args, 'C');
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	u_int			 count = args_count(args);
 	struct evbuffer		*evb;
-	struct json_node	*jn;
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'I') && !args_has(args, 'j')) {
+	if (args_has(args, 'I')) {
 		if (wp == NULL)
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		switch (window_pane_start_input(wp, item, &cause)) {
@@ -108,9 +107,7 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		template = args_string(args, 0);
 	else
 		template = args_get(args, 'F');
-	if (args_has(args, 'j') && template == NULL)
-		template = "";
-	else if (template == NULL)
+	if (template == NULL)
 		template = DISPLAY_MESSAGE_TEMPLATE;
 
 	/*
@@ -132,7 +129,7 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, flags);
 	format_defaults(ft, c, s, wl, wp);
 
-	if (args_has(args, 'a') && !args_has(args, 'j')) {
+	if (args_has(args, 'a')) {
 		format_each(ft, cmd_display_message_each, item);
 		format_free(ft);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -142,19 +139,6 @@ cmd_display_message_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		msg = xstrdup(template);
 	else
 		msg = format_expand_time(ft, template);
-	if (args_has(args, 'j')) {
-		jn = json_parse(msg, &cause);
-		if (jn == NULL) {
-			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
-			free(cause);
-			free(msg);
-			format_free(ft);
-			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		}
-		free(msg);
-		msg = json_to_string(jn);
-		json_destroy_node(jn);
-	}
 
 	if (cmdq_get_client(item) == NULL)
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s", msg);

cmd-find.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find.c,v 1.88 2026/09/07 12:05:12 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-find.c,v 1.87 2026/07/17 12:42:51 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2015 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -388,11 +388,9 @@ cmd_find_get_window_with_session(struct cmd_find_state *fs, const char *window)
 
 	/* Try as an offset. */
 	if (!exact && (window[0] == '+' || window[0] == '-')) {
-		if (window[1] != '\0') {
-			n = strtonum(window + 1, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-			if (errstr != NULL)
-				return (-1);
-		} else
+		if (window[1] != '\0')
+			n = strtonum(window + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
+		else
 			n = 1;
 		s = fs->s;
 		if (fs->flags & CMD_FIND_WINDOW_INDEX) {
@@ -628,11 +626,9 @@ cmd_find_get_pane_with_window(struct cmd_find_state *fs, const char *pane)
 
 	/* Try as an offset. */
 	if (pane[0] == '+' || pane[0] == '-') {
-		if (pane[1] != '\0') {
-			n = strtonum(pane + 1, 1, INT_MAX, &errstr);
-			if (errstr != NULL)
-				return (-1);
-		} else
+		if (pane[1] != '\0')
+			n = strtonum(pane + 1, 1, INT_MAX, NULL);
+		else
 			n = 1;
 		wp = fs->w->active;
 		if (pane[0] == '+')

cmd-if-shell.c

@@ -53,11 +53,12 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_if_shell_entry = {
 };
 
 struct cmd_if_shell_data {
-	struct args_command_state	*cmd_if;
-	struct args_command_state	*cmd_else;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd_if;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*cmd_else;
 
-	struct client			*client;
-	struct cmdq_item		*item;
+
+	struct client		*client;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
 };
 
 static enum args_parse_type
@@ -76,46 +77,58 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct cmd_find_state		*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
 	struct cmd_if_shell_data	*cdata;
 	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
-	char				*shellcmd;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
+	char				*shellcmd, *cause = NULL;
 	struct client			*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session			*s = target->s;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	u_int				 count = args_count(args);
+	u_int				 count = args_count(args), idx;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
 	shellcmd = format_single_from_target(item, args_string(args, 0));
 	if (args_has(args, 'F')) {
 		if (*shellcmd != '0' && *shellcmd != '\0')
-			cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 1, 0);
+			idx = 1;
 		else if (count == 3)
-			cmdlist = args_make_commands_now(self, item, 2, 0);
+			idx = 2;
 		else {
 			free(shellcmd);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 		}
 		free(shellcmd);
-		if (cmdlist == NULL)
+
+		tree = args_to_commands(self, item, idx, NULL, 0, &cause);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+		}
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cmdq_get_state(item), NULL);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
-
-	cdata->cmd_if = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 1, NULL, wait,
-	    0);
+	cdata->cmd_if = args_to_commands(self, item, 1, NULL, 0, &cause);
+	if (cdata->cmd_if == NULL) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
 	if (count == 3) {
-		cdata->cmd_else = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 2,
-		    NULL, wait, 0);
+		cdata->cmd_else = args_to_commands(self, item, 2, NULL, 0,
+		    &cause);
+		if (cdata->cmd_else == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			goto fail;
+		}
 	}
 
-	if (wait) {
+	if (!wait)
+		cdata->client = tc;
+	else {
 		cdata->client = cmdq_get_client(item);
 		cdata->item = item;
-	} else
-		cdata->client = tc;
+	}
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		cdata->client->references++;
 
@@ -124,15 +137,19 @@ cmd_if_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	    cmd_if_shell_callback, cmd_if_shell_free, cdata, 0, -1,
 	    -1) == NULL) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "failed to run command: %s", shellcmd);
-		free(shellcmd);
-		cmd_if_shell_free(cdata);
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		goto fail;
 	}
 	free(shellcmd);
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	return (CMD_RETURN_WAIT);
+
+fail:
+	free(cause);
+	free(shellcmd);
+	cmd_if_shell_free(cdata);
+	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 }
 
 static void
@@ -141,35 +158,23 @@ cmd_if_shell_callback(struct job *job)
 	struct cmd_if_shell_data	*cdata = job_get_data(job);
 	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	char				*error;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
 	int				 status;
 
 	status = job_get_status(job);
 	if (!WIFEXITED(status) || WEXITSTATUS(status) != 0)
-		state = cdata->cmd_else;
+		tree = cdata->cmd_else;
 	else
-		state = cdata->cmd_if;
-	if (state == NULL)
+		tree = cdata->cmd_if;
+	if (tree == NULL)
 		goto out;
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
-			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
-		} else
-			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
+	if (item == NULL) {
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, NULL, NULL);
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
 	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, cmdq_get_state(item), NULL);
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
 	}
 
 out:
@@ -186,8 +191,8 @@ cmd_if_shell_free(void *data)
 		server_client_unref(cdata->client);
 
 	if (cdata->cmd_else != NULL)
-		args_make_commands_free(cdata->cmd_else);
-	args_make_commands_free(cdata->cmd_if);
-
+		cmd_parse_free(cdata->cmd_else);
+	if (cdata->cmd_if != NULL)
+		cmd_parse_free(cdata->cmd_if);
 	free(cdata);
 }

cmd-invoke.c

@@ -0,0 +1,594 @@
+/* $OpenBSD$ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2026 Nicholas Marriott <nicm@users.sourceforge.net>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+#include "tmux-parser.h"
+
+/* One frame in the parse tree stack. */
+struct cmd_invoke_frame {
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*next;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*end;
+};
+
+/* Shared state for a parsed command tree invocation. */
+struct cmd_invoke_state {
+	u_int			 references;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*current_tree;
+
+	struct cmd_invoke_frame	*stack;
+	u_int			 nstack;
+
+	enum cmd_retval		 last;
+	int			 have_last;
+
+	int			 argc;
+	char		       **argv;
+};
+
+static void	cmd_invoke_push(struct cmd_invoke_state *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_tree *, struct cmd_parse_node *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_node *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static struct cmd_parse_tree *cmd_invoke_tree(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static struct cmd_parse_node *cmd_invoke_next(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static void	cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(struct cmd_invoke_state *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_expand_string(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *,
+		    char **);
+static int	cmd_invoke_assignment(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_if(struct cmdq_item *, struct cmd_invoke_state *,
+		    struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static struct cmd *cmd_invoke_build_command(struct cmdq_item *,
+		    struct cmd_invoke_state *, struct cmd_parse_node *);
+static int	cmd_invoke_read_only(struct cmdq_item *, struct cmd *);
+
+/* Push a node's child range onto the traversal stack. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_push(struct cmd_invoke_state *is, struct cmd_parse_tree *tree,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, struct cmd_parse_node *first,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *end)
+{
+	u_int	n = is->nstack + 1;
+
+	is->stack = xreallocarray(is->stack, n, sizeof *is->stack);
+	is->stack[is->nstack].tree = cmd_parse_add_ref(tree);
+	is->stack[is->nstack].node = node;
+	is->stack[is->nstack].next = first;
+	is->stack[is->nstack].end = end;
+	is->nstack = n;
+}
+
+static struct cmd_parse_tree *
+cmd_invoke_tree(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	if (is->current_tree != NULL)
+		return (is->current_tree);
+	return (is->tree);
+}
+
+/* Return the next node to execute from the traversal stack. */
+static struct cmd_parse_node *
+cmd_invoke_next(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	struct cmd_invoke_frame	*frame;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		if (is->nstack == 0)
+			return (NULL);
+		frame = &is->stack[is->nstack - 1];
+		if (frame->next != NULL && frame->next != frame->end)
+			break;
+		cmd_parse_free(frame->tree);
+		is->nstack--;
+	}
+
+	node = frame->next;
+	frame->next = cmd_parse_node_next(node);
+	is->current_tree = frame->tree;
+	return (node);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Skip the rest of the active sequence after a command failure. Failure scope
+ * is the active CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE. Discard nested frames and advance only as
+ * far as the end of that sequence.
+ */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	enum cmd_parse_node_type	type;
+	u_int				i;
+
+	for (i = is->nstack; i > 0; i--) {
+		type = cmd_parse_node_type(is->stack[i - 1].node);
+		if (type == CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE) {
+			is->stack[i - 1].next = is->stack[i - 1].end;
+			while (is->nstack > i)
+				cmd_parse_free(is->stack[--is->nstack].tree);
+			is->nstack = i;
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	is->have_last = 0;
+}
+
+/* Append a string to a dynamically allocated buffer. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_append(char **buf, size_t *len, const char *s)
+{
+	size_t	slen;
+
+	if (s != NULL) {
+		slen = strlen(s);
+		*buf = xrealloc(*buf, *len + slen + 1);
+		memcpy(*buf + *len, s, slen + 1);
+		*len += slen;
+	}
+}
+
+/* Look up an environment variable. */
+static const char *
+cmd_invoke_getenv(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct environ_entry	*envent;
+
+	if (c != NULL && c->environ != NULL) {
+		envent = environ_find(c->environ, name);
+		if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
+			return (envent->value);
+	}
+	envent = environ_find(global_environ, name);
+	if (envent != NULL && envent->value != NULL)
+		return (envent->value);
+	return ("");
+}
+
+/* Resolve a tilde expansion to a home directory. */
+static const char *
+cmd_invoke_tilde(const char *name)
+{
+	struct passwd	*pw;
+
+	if (name == NULL || *name == '\0')
+		return (find_home());
+	if ((pw = getpwnam(name)) == NULL)
+		return ("");
+	return (pw->pw_dir);
+}
+
+/* Expand a parsed string node into an argv string. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_expand_string(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, char **out)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child;
+	const char		*s, *value;
+	char			*buf = NULL, *new;
+	size_t			 len = 0;
+	int			 i;
+
+	child = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	while (child != NULL) {
+		value = cmd_parse_node_value(child);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_TEXT:
+			s = value;
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ENVIRONMENT:
+			s = cmd_invoke_getenv(item, value);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_TILDE:
+			s = cmd_invoke_tilde(value);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type in string");
+		}
+		cmd_invoke_append(&buf, &len, s);
+		child = cmd_parse_node_next(child);
+	}
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		buf = xstrdup("");
+	for (i = 0; i < is->argc; i++) {
+		new = cmd_template_replace(buf, is->argv[i], i + 1);
+		free(buf);
+		buf = new;
+	}
+	*out = buf;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Execute an assignment node by updating the environment. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_assignment(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*value;
+	const char		*name;
+	char			*expanded;
+	int			 flags = 0;
+
+	value = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	if (value == NULL)
+		return (-1);
+	if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, value, &expanded) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+
+	name = cmd_parse_node_value(node);
+	if (cmd_parse_node_type(node) == CMD_PARSE_HIDDEN_ASSIGN)
+		flags |= ENVIRON_HIDDEN;
+	environ_set(global_environ, name, flags, "%s", expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Expand and evaluate a conditional expression. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_is_true(struct cmdq_item *item,
+    struct cmd_invoke_state *is, struct cmd_parse_node *node, int *result)
+{
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	char			*s, *expanded;
+
+	if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, node, &s) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+	ft = format_create_from_target(item);
+
+	expanded = format_expand(ft, s);
+	*result = format_true(expanded);
+	free(expanded);
+
+	format_free(ft);
+	free(s);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Skip else branches. */
+static struct cmd_parse_node *
+cmd_invoke_if_branch_end(struct cmd_parse_node *first)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node;
+
+	for (node = first; node != NULL; node = cmd_parse_node_next(node)) {
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(node)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			return (node);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+/* Select and queue the branch for a conditional node. */
+static int
+cmd_invoke_if(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child, *first, *next;
+	int			 r;
+
+	next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	if (next == NULL)
+		return (0);
+	first = cmd_parse_node_next(next);
+	if (cmd_invoke_is_true(item, is, next, &r) != 0)
+		return (-1);
+	if (r) {
+		next = cmd_invoke_if_branch_end(first);
+		cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, node, first, next);
+		return (0);
+	}
+
+	for (child = first; child != NULL; child = cmd_parse_node_next(child)) {
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+			next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(child);
+			if (next == NULL)
+				break;
+			if (cmd_invoke_is_true(item, is, next, &r) != 0)
+				return (-1);
+			if (r) {
+				next = cmd_parse_node_next(next);
+				cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, child, next, NULL);
+				return (0);
+			}
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			next = cmd_parse_node_first_child(child);
+			cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, child, next, NULL);
+			return (0);
+		default:
+			break;
+		}
+	}
+	return (0);
+}
+
+/* Report an error from an invoke item. */
+static void
+cmd_invoke_error(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node, const char *cause)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	const char		*file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+	u_int			 line = cmd_parse_node_line(node);
+
+	if (c != NULL && (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL || file == NULL)) {
+		cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+		return;
+	}
+
+	if (file != NULL)
+		cfg_add_cause("%s:%u: %s", file, line, cause);
+	else
+		cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+}
+
+/* Build one command from a parsed command node. */
+static struct cmd *
+cmd_invoke_build_command(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is,
+    struct cmd_parse_node *node)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*child;
+	struct args_value	*values = NULL;
+	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	const char		*file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+	u_int			 line = cmd_parse_node_line(node);
+	int			 flags = cmd_parse_flags(tree);
+	char			*cause = NULL;
+	u_int			 count = 0;
+
+	child = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+	while (child != NULL) {
+		values = xreallocarray(values, count + 1, sizeof *values);
+		memset(&values[count], 0, sizeof values[count]);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(child)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_STRING:
+			values[count].type = ARGS_STRING;
+			if (cmd_invoke_expand_string(item, is, child,
+			    &values[count].string) != 0)
+				goto fail;
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMANDS:
+			values[count].type = ARGS_COMMANDS;
+			values[count].cmd = cmd_parse_from_node(tree, child);
+			break;
+		default:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type in command");
+		}
+		count++;
+		child = cmd_parse_node_next(child);
+	}
+
+	cmd = cmd_parse(values, count, file, line, flags, &cause);
+	if (cmd == NULL) {
+		cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, cause);
+		free(cause);
+		goto fail;
+	}
+	args_free_values(values, count);
+	free(values);
+	return (cmd);
+
+fail:
+	args_free_values(values, count);
+	free(values);
+	return (NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+cmd_invoke_read_only(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd *cmd)
+{
+	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
+
+	if (c == NULL || (~c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY))
+		return (0);
+	if (entry->flags & CMD_READONLY)
+		return (0);
+	cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
+	return (-1);
+}
+
+/* Create the first invoke queue item for a parsed tree. */
+struct cmdq_item *
+cmd_invoke_get(struct cmd_parse_tree *tree, struct cmdq_state *state,
+    const struct cmd_invoke_input *input)
+{
+	struct cmd_invoke_state	*is;
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*root = cmd_parse_root(tree), *first;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+	struct cmd_invoke_input	 new_input = { 0 };
+	int			 i;
+
+	if (input == NULL)
+		input = &new_input;
+
+	is = xcalloc(1, sizeof *is);
+	is->references = 1;
+	is->tree = cmd_parse_add_ref(tree);
+
+	is->argc = input->argc;
+	if (input->argc != 0) {
+		is->argv = xreallocarray(NULL, input->argc, sizeof *is->argv);
+		for (i = 0; i < input->argc; i++)
+			is->argv[i] = xstrdup(input->argv[i]);
+	}
+
+	first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(root);
+	cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, root, first, NULL);
+
+	item = cmdq_get_invoke(is, state);
+	cmd_invoke_state_free(is);
+	return (item);
+}
+
+/* Add a reference to shared invoke state. */
+struct cmd_invoke_state *
+cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	is->references++;
+	return (is);
+}
+
+/* Release a reference to shared invoke state. */
+void
+cmd_invoke_state_free(struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	int	i;
+	u_int	j;
+
+	if (is == NULL)
+		return;
+	if (--is->references != 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < is->argc; i++)
+		free(is->argv[i]);
+	free(is->argv);
+	for (j = 0; j < is->nstack; j++)
+		cmd_parse_free(is->stack[j].tree);
+
+	cmd_parse_free(is->tree);
+	free(is->stack);
+	free(is);
+}
+
+/* Record the result from the last command item. */
+void
+cmd_invoke_result(struct cmd_invoke_state *is, enum cmd_retval retval)
+{
+	is->last = retval;
+	is->have_last = 1;
+}
+
+/* Fire an invoke item and queue the next command plus continuation. */
+enum cmd_retval
+cmd_invoke_fire(struct cmdq_item *item, struct cmd_invoke_state *is)
+{
+	struct cmd_parse_node	*node, *first;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree, *alias;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item, *next;
+	struct cmdq_state	*state;
+	struct client		*c;
+	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	const char		*file;
+	char			*cause;
+	int			 r;
+
+	if (is->have_last && is->last == CMD_RETURN_ERROR)
+		cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+	else
+		is->have_last = 0;
+
+	for (;;) {
+		node = cmd_invoke_next(is);
+		if (node == NULL)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		cmd_parse_log_node(__func__, node);
+
+		tree = cmd_invoke_tree(is);
+		switch (cmd_parse_node_type(node)) {
+		case CMD_PARSE_ROOT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE:
+			first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+			cmd_invoke_push(is, tree, node, first, NULL);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ASSIGN:
+		case CMD_PARSE_HIDDEN_ASSIGN:
+			if (cmd_invoke_assignment(item, is, node) == 0)
+				break;
+			cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, "bad assignment");
+			cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_IF:
+			if (cmd_invoke_if(item, is, node) == 0)
+				break;
+			cmd_invoke_error(item, is, node, "bad condition");
+			cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELIF:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ELSE:
+			break;
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMAND:
+			r = cmd_parse_expand_alias(tree, node, &alias, &cause);
+			if (r == 1) {
+				node = cmd_parse_root(alias);
+				first = cmd_parse_node_first_child(node);
+				cmd_invoke_push(is, alias, node, first, NULL);
+				cmd_parse_free(alias);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (r == -1) {
+				c = cmdq_get_client(item);
+				file = cmd_parse_file(tree);
+				if (c != NULL &&
+				    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL || file == NULL))
+					cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+				else
+					cfg_add_cause("%s", cause);
+				free(cause);
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			cmd = cmd_invoke_build_command(item, is, node);
+			if (cmd == NULL) {
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+			if (cmd_invoke_read_only(item, cmd) != 0) {
+				cmd_free(cmd);
+				cmd_invoke_skip_sequence(is);
+				break;
+			}
+
+			/*
+			 * Queue one command followed by this walker. WAIT and
+			 * command-inserted items therefore run before resume.
+			 */
+			state = cmdq_get_state(item);
+			new_item = cmdq_get_one_command(cmd, state, is);
+			next = cmdq_get_invoke(is, state);
+			cmdq_insert_after(item, next);
+			cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		case CMD_PARSE_STRING:
+		case CMD_PARSE_COMMANDS:
+		case CMD_PARSE_TEXT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_ENVIRONMENT:
+		case CMD_PARSE_TILDE:
+			fatalx("unexpected node type");
+		}
+	}
+}

cmd-join-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-join-pane.c,v 1.75 2026/09/21 10:33:16 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-join-pane.c,v 1.74 2026/08/03 20:29:52 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011 George Nachman <tmux@georgester.com>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 	} else if (strcmp(position, "back") == 0) {
 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
-			if (!window_pane_is_floating_with_hidden(owp))
+			if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
 				break;
 		}
 		if (owp != NULL)
@@ -142,30 +142,24 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 			TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward") == 0) {
 		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
-		while (owp != NULL && owp->layout_cell == NULL)
-			owp = TAILQ_PREV(owp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
 		if (owp != NULL) {
 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
 		}
 	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward") == 0) {
 		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
-		while (owp != NULL && owp->layout_cell == NULL)
-			owp = TAILQ_NEXT(owp, zentry);
 		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
 		}
 	} else if (strcmp(position, "forward-loop") == 0) {
 		owp = TAILQ_PREV(wp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
-		while (owp != NULL && owp->layout_cell == NULL)
-			owp = TAILQ_PREV(owp, window_panes_zindex, zentry);
 		TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 		if (owp != NULL)
 			TAILQ_INSERT_BEFORE(owp, wp, zentry);
 		else {
 			TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
-				if (!window_pane_is_floating_with_hidden(owp))
+				if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
 					break;
 			}
 			if (owp != NULL)
@@ -175,8 +169,6 @@ cmd_join_pane_place(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 		}
 	} else if (strcmp(position, "backward-loop") == 0) {
 		owp = TAILQ_NEXT(wp, zentry);
-		while (owp != NULL && owp->layout_cell == NULL)
-			owp = TAILQ_NEXT(owp, zentry);
 		if (owp != NULL && window_pane_is_floating(owp)) {
 			TAILQ_REMOVE(&w->z_index, wp, zentry);
 			TAILQ_INSERT_AFTER(&w->z_index, owp, wp, zentry);
@@ -307,7 +299,7 @@ cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 	struct window		*w;
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc;
-	int			 y, ly, x, lx, oxoff, oyoff, osx, osy;
+	int			 y, ly, x, lx;
 
 	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
 	if (wp == NULL) {
@@ -329,16 +321,10 @@ cmd_join_pane_mouse_move(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 		ly = m->statusat - 1;
 
 	if (x != lx || y != ly) {
-		oxoff = wp->xoff;
-		oyoff = wp->yoff;
-		osx = wp->sx;
-		osy = wp->sy;
-
 		lc->g.xoff += x - lx;
 		lc->g.yoff += y - ly;
 		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-
-		window_redraw_floating_pane(wp, oxoff, oyoff, osx, osy);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
 		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
 	}
 }
@@ -361,10 +347,8 @@ cmd_join_pane_zindex(struct cmdq_item *item, struct winlink *wl,
 
 	n = 0;
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(owp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
-		if (!window_pane_is_floating_with_hidden(owp))
+		if (!window_pane_is_floating(owp))
 			break;
-		if (owp->layout_cell == NULL)
-			continue;
 		if (n >= z)
 			break;
 		n++;
@@ -459,6 +443,7 @@ cmd_join_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 				cmdq_error(item, "pane is not floating");
 				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 			}
+			server_unzoom_window(dst_w);
 			if ((s = args_get(args, 'P')) != NULL)
 				return (cmd_join_pane_place(item, dst_wl, dst_wp, s));
 			if ((s = args_get(args, 'z')) != NULL)

cmd-list-keys.c

@@ -37,6 +37,16 @@
 	"-T #{p|#{key_table_width}:key_table} "			\
 	"#{p|#{key_string_width}:#{q|a:key_string}} "		\
 	"#{key_command}}"
+#define LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE_PRETTY				\
+	"#{?notes_only,"					\
+	"#{key_prefix} "					\
+	"#{key_string} "					\
+	"#{?key_note,#{key_note},#{key_command}}"		\
+	","							\
+	"bind-key #{?key_repeat,-r ,}"				\
+	"-T #{key_table} "					\
+	"#{q|a:key_string} "					\
+	"#{key_command}}"
 
 static enum cmd_retval cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *, struct cmdq_item *);
 
@@ -44,8 +54,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_list_keys_entry = {
 	.name = "list-keys",
 	.alias = "lsk",
 
-	.args = { "1aF:NO:P:rT:", 0, 1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-1aNr] [-F format] [-O order] [-P prefix-string]"
+	.args = { "1aF:NO:P:prT:", 0, 1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-1aNpr] [-F format] [-O order] [-P prefix-string]"
 		 "[-T key-table] [key]",
 
 	.flags = CMD_STARTSERVER|CMD_AFTERHOOK,
@@ -119,7 +129,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_get_root_and_prefix(u_int *n, struct sort_criteria *sort_crit)
 }
 
 static void
-cmd_list_keys_filter_key_list(int filter_notes, int filter_key, key_code only,
+cmd_list_keys_do_filter(int filter_notes, int filter_key, key_code only,
     struct key_binding **l, u_int *n)
 {
 	key_code	key;
@@ -137,8 +147,8 @@ cmd_list_keys_filter_key_list(int filter_notes, int filter_key, key_code only,
 }
 
 static void
-cmd_list_keys_format_add_key_binding(struct format_tree *ft,
-    const struct key_binding *bd, const char *prefix)
+cmd_list_keys_format_key_binding(struct format_tree *ft,
+    const struct key_binding *bd, const char *prefix, int flags)
 {
 	char	*s;
 
@@ -157,8 +167,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_format_add_key_binding(struct format_tree *ft,
 
 	format_add(ft, "key_string", "%s", key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 0));
 
-	s = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, CMD_LIST_PRINT_ESCAPED|
-	    CMD_LIST_PRINT_NO_GROUPS);
+	s = cmd_parse_print(bd->cmd, flags);
 	format_add(ft, "key_command", "%s", s);
 	free(s);
 }
@@ -177,6 +186,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	char			*prefix = NULL;
 	u_int			 i, n;
 	int			 single, notes_only, filter_notes, filter_key;
+	int			 print_flags = 0;
 	struct sort_criteria	 sort_crit;
 
 	if ((keystr = args_string(args, 0)) != NULL) {
@@ -206,9 +216,15 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	prefix = cmd_list_keys_get_prefix(args);
 	single = args_has(args, '1');
 	notes_only = args_has(args, 'N');
+	if (args_has(args, 'p'))
+		print_flags |= CMD_PARSE_PRINT_MULTILINE;
 
-	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL)
-		template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE;
+	if ((template = args_get(args, 'F')) == NULL) {
+		if (print_flags & CMD_PARSE_PRINT_MULTILINE)
+			template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE_PRETTY;
+		else
+			template = LIST_KEYS_TEMPLATE;
+	}
 
 	if (table)
 		l = sort_get_key_bindings_table(table, &n, &sort_crit);
@@ -219,10 +235,8 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 
 	filter_notes = notes_only && !args_has(args, 'a');
 	filter_key = only != KEYC_UNKNOWN;
-	if (filter_notes || filter_key) {
-		cmd_list_keys_filter_key_list(filter_notes, filter_key, only, l,
-		    &n);
-	}
+	if (filter_notes || filter_key)
+		cmd_list_keys_do_filter(filter_notes, filter_key, only, l, &n);
 	if (filter_key && n == 0) {
 		cmdq_error(item, "unknown key: %s", keystr);
 		free(prefix);
@@ -239,7 +253,7 @@ cmd_list_keys_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	format_add(ft, "key_table_width", "%u",
 	    cmd_list_keys_get_table_width(l, n));
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-		cmd_list_keys_format_add_key_binding(ft, l[i], prefix);
+		cmd_list_keys_format_key_binding(ft, l[i], prefix, print_flags);
 
 		line = format_expand(ft, template);
 		if (single && tc != NULL && (~tc->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL))

cmd-list-panes.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-panes.c,v 1.41 2026/09/08 10:20:08 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-panes.c,v 1.40 2026/06/01 14:01:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
     struct cmdq_item *item, int type)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct window_pane	*wp, **l;
 	u_int			 i, n;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
@@ -148,7 +147,7 @@ cmd_list_panes_window(struct cmd *self, struct session *s, struct winlink *wl,
 		wp = l[i];
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, s, wl, wp);
+		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, wp);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);

cmd-list-sessions.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-sessions.c,v 1.37 2026/09/08 10:20:08 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-sessions.c,v 1.36 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -53,7 +53,6 @@ static enum cmd_retval
 cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		 *args = cmd_get_args(self);
-	struct client		 *c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct session		**l;
 	u_int		 	  n, i;
 	struct format_tree	 *ft;
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ cmd_list_sessions_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", i);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, l[i], NULL, NULL);
+		format_defaults(ft, NULL, l[i], NULL, NULL);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);

cmd-list-windows.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.51 2026/09/08 10:20:08 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-list-windows.c,v 1.50 2026/02/27 08:25:12 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_client(item);
 	struct winlink		*wl, **l;
 	struct session		*s;
 	u_int			 i, n;
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ cmd_list_windows_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		s = wl->session;
 		ft = format_create(cmdq_get_client(item), item, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
 		format_add(ft, "line", "%u", n);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, s, wl, NULL);
+		format_defaults(ft, NULL, s, wl, NULL);
 
 		if (filter != NULL) {
 			expanded = format_expand(ft, filter);

cmd-new-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-window.c,v 1.104 2026/09/03 21:04:11 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-new-window.c,v 1.103 2026/07/08 08:07:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -60,8 +60,7 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct client		*tc = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct session		*s = target->s;
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl, *new_wl = NULL;
-	int			 idx = target->idx, before;
-	int			 count = args_count(args);
+	int			 idx = target->idx, before, count = args_count(args);
 	char			*cause = NULL, *cp, *expanded, *wname = NULL;
 	const char		*template, *name;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 fs;
@@ -75,10 +74,8 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 
 	/*
-	 * If -S is given, select an existing window instead of creating a
-	 * new one: preferring -t if it already points at a window, or
-	 * otherwise -n if one exists with that name. If neither matches,
-	 * fall through and create a window as normal.
+	 * If -S and -n are given and -t is not and a single window with this
+	 * name already exists, select it.
 	 */
 	name = args_get(args, 'n');
 	if (name != NULL) {
@@ -91,39 +88,32 @@ cmd_new_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		wname = clean_name(expanded, 0);
 		free(expanded);
 	}
-	if (args_has(args, 'S')) {
-		if (idx != -1)
-			new_wl = winlink_find_by_index(&s->windows, idx);
-		else if (wname != NULL) {
-			expanded = format_single(item, wname, c, s, NULL, NULL);
-			RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
-				if (strcmp(wl->window->name, expanded) != 0)
-					continue;
-				if (new_wl == NULL) {
-					new_wl = wl;
-					continue;
-				}
-				cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s",
-				    wname);
-				free(wname);
-				free(expanded);
-				return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+	if (args_has(args, 'S') && wname != NULL && target->idx == -1) {
+		expanded = format_single(item, wname, c, s, NULL, NULL);
+		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &s->windows) {
+			if (strcmp(wl->window->name, expanded) != 0)
+				continue;
+			if (new_wl == NULL) {
+				new_wl = wl;
+				continue;
 			}
+			cmdq_error(item, "multiple windows named %s", wname);
+			free(wname);
 			free(expanded);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-	}
-
-	/* Found an existing window to select instead of creating a new one. */
-	if (new_wl != NULL) {
-		free(wname);
-		if (args_has(args, 'd'))
+		free(expanded);
+		if (new_wl != NULL) {
+			free(wname);
+			if (args_has(args, 'd'))
+				return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+			if (session_set_current(s, new_wl) == 0)
+				server_redraw_session(s);
+			if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL)
+				s->curw->window->latest = c;
+			recalculate_sizes();
 			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-		if (session_set_current(s, new_wl) == 0)
-			server_redraw_session(s);
-		if (c != NULL && c->session != NULL)
-			s->curw->window->latest = c;
-		recalculate_sizes();
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+		}
 	}
 
 	before = args_has(args, 'b');

cmd-queue.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-queue.c,v 1.124 2026/09/22 06:46:50 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-queue.c,v 1.123 2026/08/24 20:34:26 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@
 enum cmdq_type {
 	CMDQ_COMMAND,
 	CMDQ_CALLBACK,
+	CMDQ_INVOKE,
 };
 
 /* Command queue item. */
@@ -47,7 +48,6 @@ struct cmdq_item {
 	struct client		*target_client;
 
 	enum cmdq_type		 type;
-	u_int			 group;
 
 	u_int			 number;
 	time_t			 time;
@@ -58,8 +58,8 @@ struct cmdq_item {
 	struct cmd_find_state	 source;
 	struct cmd_find_state	 target;
 
-	struct cmd_list		*cmdlist;
 	struct cmd		*cmd;
+	struct cmd_invoke_state	*invoke_state;
 
 	cmdq_cb			 cb;
 	void			*data;
@@ -428,8 +428,10 @@ cmdq_remove(struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	if (item->client != NULL)
 		server_client_unref(item->client);
-	if (item->cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(item->cmdlist);
+	if (item->cmd != NULL)
+		cmd_free(item->cmd);
+	if (item->invoke_state != NULL)
+		cmd_invoke_state_free(item->invoke_state);
 	cmdq_free_state(item->state);
 
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&item->queue->list, item, entry);
@@ -438,75 +440,46 @@ cmdq_remove(struct cmdq_item *item)
 	free(item);
 }
 
-/* Remove all subsequent items that match this item's group. */
-static void
-cmdq_remove_group(struct cmdq_item *item)
-{
-	struct cmdq_item	*this, *next;
-
-	if (item->group == 0)
-		return;
-	this = TAILQ_NEXT(item, entry);
-	while (this != NULL) {
-		next = TAILQ_NEXT(this, entry);
-		if (this->group == item->group)
-			cmdq_remove(this);
-		this = next;
-	}
-}
-
-/* Empty command callback. */
-static enum cmd_retval
-cmdq_empty_command(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
-{
-	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
-}
-
-/* Get a command for the command queue. */
+/* Get a single command for command queue with invoke state. */
 struct cmdq_item *
-cmdq_get_command(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmdq_state *state)
+cmdq_get_one_command(struct cmd *cmd, struct cmdq_state *state,
+    struct cmd_invoke_state *invoke_state)
 {
-	struct cmdq_item	*item, *first = NULL, *last = NULL;
-	struct cmd		*cmd;
-	const struct cmd_entry	*entry;
-	int			 created = 0;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+	const struct cmd_entry	*entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
 
-	if ((cmd = cmd_list_first(cmdlist)) == NULL)
-		return (cmdq_get_callback(cmdq_empty_command, NULL));
+	item = xcalloc(1, sizeof *item);
+	xasprintf(&item->name, "[%s/%p]", entry->name, item);
+	item->type = CMDQ_COMMAND;
+	item->cmd = cmd;
 
-	if (state == NULL) {
-		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
-		created = 1;
-	}
-
-	while (cmd != NULL) {
-		entry = cmd_get_entry(cmd);
-
-		item = xcalloc(1, sizeof *item);
-		xasprintf(&item->name, "[%s/%p]", entry->name, item);
-		item->type = CMDQ_COMMAND;
-
-		item->group = cmd_get_group(cmd);
+	if (state == NULL)
+		item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
+	else
 		item->state = cmdq_link_state(state);
 
-		item->cmdlist = cmdlist;
-		item->cmd = cmd;
+	if (invoke_state != NULL)
+		item->invoke_state = cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(invoke_state);
 
-		cmdlist->references++;
-		log_debug("%s: %s group %u", __func__, item->name, item->group);
+	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, item->name);
+	return (item);
+}
 
-		if (first == NULL)
-			first = item;
-		if (last != NULL)
-			last->next = item;
-		last = item;
+/* Get an invoke continuation for command queue. */
+struct cmdq_item *
+cmdq_get_invoke(struct cmd_invoke_state *invoke_state, struct cmdq_state *state)
+{
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
 
-		cmd = cmd_list_next(cmd);
-	}
-
-	if (created)
-		cmdq_free_state(state);
-	return (first);
+	item = xcalloc(1, sizeof *item);
+	xasprintf(&item->name, "[invoke/%p]", item);
+	item->type = CMDQ_INVOKE;
+	if (state == NULL)
+		item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
+	else
+		item->state = cmdq_link_state(state);
+	item->invoke_state = cmd_invoke_state_add_ref(invoke_state);
+	return (item);
 }
 
 /* Fill in flag for a command. */
@@ -580,14 +553,11 @@ cmdq_fire_command(struct cmdq_item *item)
 	int			 flags, quiet = 0;
 	char			*tmp;
 
-	if (item->client != NULL && (item->client->flags & CLIENT_DEAD))
-		return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-
 	if (cfg_finished)
 		cmdq_add_message(item);
 	if (log_get_level() > 1) {
 		tmp = cmd_print(cmd);
-		log_debug("%s %s: (%u) %s", __func__, name, item->group, tmp);
+		log_debug("%s %s: %s", __func__, name, tmp);
 		free(tmp);
 	}
 
@@ -666,7 +636,6 @@ cmdq_get_callback1(const char *name, cmdq_cb cb, void *data)
 	xasprintf(&item->name, "[%s/%p]", name, item);
 	item->type = CMDQ_CALLBACK;
 
-	item->group = 0;
 	item->state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, 0);
 
 	item->cb = cb;
@@ -748,17 +717,16 @@ cmdq_next(struct client *c)
 			switch (item->type) {
 			case CMDQ_COMMAND:
 				retval = cmdq_fire_command(item);
+				if (item->invoke_state != NULL)
+					cmd_invoke_result(item->invoke_state, retval);
 
-				/*
-				 * If a command returns an error, remove any
-				 * subsequent commands in the same group.
-				 */
-				if (retval == CMD_RETURN_ERROR)
-					cmdq_remove_group(item);
 				break;
 			case CMDQ_CALLBACK:
 				retval = cmdq_fire_callback(item);
 				break;
+			case CMDQ_INVOKE:
+				retval = cmd_invoke_fire(item, item->invoke_state);
+				break;
 			default:
 				retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 				break;

cmd-resize-pane.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-pane.c,v 1.69 2026/09/21 10:33:16 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-resize-pane.c,v 1.68 2026/08/31 07:44:39 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -91,8 +91,7 @@ cmd_resize_pane_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		server_redraw_window(w);
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 	}
-	if (!window_pane_is_floating(wp))
-		server_unzoom_window(w);
+	server_unzoom_window(w);
 	lc = wp->layout_cell; /* may have been replaced by unzoom */
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'x')) {
@@ -237,8 +236,8 @@ cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(struct client *c,
 	struct window_pane	*wp;
 	struct layout_cell	*lc;
 	int			 y, ly, x, lx, sx, sy, new_sx, new_sy;
-	int			 left, right, resizes = 0;
-	int			 new_xoff, new_yoff, old_xoff, old_yoff;
+	int			 left, right;
+	int			 new_xoff, new_yoff, resizes = 0;
 
 	wp = cmd_mouse_pane(m, NULL, &wl);
 	if (wp == NULL) {
@@ -249,8 +248,6 @@ cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(struct client *c,
 	lc = wp->layout_cell;
 	sx = wp->sx;
 	sy = wp->sy;
-	old_xoff = wp->xoff;
-	old_yoff = wp->yoff;
 	left = wp->xoff - 1;
 	right = wp->xoff + sx;
 	if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp) &&
@@ -350,7 +347,7 @@ cmd_resize_pane_mouse_resize_move_floating(struct client *c,
 	}
 	if (resizes != 0) {
 		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-		window_redraw_floating_pane(wp, old_xoff, old_yoff, sx, sy);
+		server_redraw_window(w);
 		server_redraw_window_borders(w);
 	}
 }

cmd-run-shell.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-run-shell.c,v 1.95 2026/09/20 07:59:55 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-run-shell.c,v 1.94 2026/08/25 06:04:33 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Tiago Cunha <me@tiagocunha.org>
@@ -55,15 +55,15 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_run_shell_entry = {
 };
 
 struct cmd_run_shell_data {
-	struct client			*client;
-	char				*cmd;
-	struct args_command_state	*state;
-	char				*cwd;
-	struct cmdq_item		*item;
-	struct session			*s;
-	int				 wp_id;
-	struct event			 timer;
-	int				 flags;
+	struct client		*client;
+	char			*cmd;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	char			*cwd;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item;
+	struct session		*s;
+	int			 wp_id;
+	struct event		 timer;
+	int			 flags;
 };
 
 static enum args_parse_type
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	struct format_tree		*ft;
 	double				 d;
 	struct timeval			 tv;
-	char				*end, key[16];
+	char				*end, key[16], *cause = NULL;
 	u_int				 i;
 	int				 wait = !args_has(args, 'b');
 
@@ -129,8 +129,10 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			cmdq_error(item, "invalid delay time: %s", delay);
 			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
 		}
-	} else if (args_count(args) == 0)
-		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	} else {
+		if (args_count(args) == 0)
+			return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
+	}
 
 	cdata = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cdata);
 	if (!args_has(args, 'C')) {
@@ -145,8 +147,13 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 			format_free(ft);
 		}
 	} else {
-		cdata->state = args_make_commands_prepare(self, item, 0, NULL,
-		    wait, 1);
+		cdata->tree = args_to_commands(self, item, 0, NULL, 1, &cause);
+		if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
+			cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+			free(cause);
+			cmd_run_shell_free(cdata);
+			return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
+		}
 	}
 
 	if (args_has(args, 't') && wp != NULL)
@@ -163,26 +170,29 @@ cmd_run_shell_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	}
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		cdata->client->references++;
+
 	if (args_has(args, 'c'))
-		cdata->cwd = format_single_from_target(item, args_get(args, 'c'));
+		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(args_get(args, 'c'));
 	else
 		cdata->cwd = xstrdup(server_client_get_cwd(c, s));
 
 	if (args_has(args, 'E'))
 		cdata->flags |= JOB_SHOWSTDERR;
 
-	cdata->s = s;
-	if (s != NULL)
+	if (s != NULL) {
+		cdata->s = s;
 		session_add_ref(s, __func__);
+	}
 
 	evtimer_set(&cdata->timer, cmd_run_shell_timer, cdata);
-	if (delay != NULL) {
+	if (delay == NULL)
+		event_active(&cdata->timer, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
+	else {
 		timerclear(&tv);
 		tv.tv_sec = (time_t)d;
 		tv.tv_usec = (d - (double)tv.tv_sec) * 1000000U;
 		evtimer_add(&cdata->timer, &tv);
-	} else
-		event_active(&cdata->timer, EV_TIMEOUT, 1);
+	}
 
 	if (!wait)
 		return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
@@ -196,10 +206,9 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 	struct client			*c = cdata->client;
 	const char			*cmd = cdata->cmd;
 	struct cmdq_item		*item = cdata->item, *new_item;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
-	char				*error;
+	struct cmdq_state		*cs = NULL;
 
-	if (cdata->state == NULL) {
+	if (cdata->tree == NULL) {
 		if (cmd == NULL) {
 			if (cdata->item != NULL)
 				cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
@@ -222,23 +231,13 @@ cmd_run_shell_timer(__unused int fd, __unused short events, void* arg)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	cmdlist = args_make_commands(cdata->state, 0, NULL, &error);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
-		if (cdata->item == NULL) {
-			*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
-			status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
-		} else
-			cmdq_error(cdata->item, "%s", error);
-		free(error);
-	} else if (item == NULL) {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, NULL);
+	if (item != NULL)
+		cs = cmdq_get_state(item);
+	new_item = cmd_invoke_get(cdata->tree, cs, NULL);
+	if (item == NULL)
 		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
-	} else {
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, cmdq_get_state(item));
+	else
 		cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
-		cmd_list_free(cmdlist);
-	}
 
 	if (cdata->item != NULL)
 		cmdq_continue(cdata->item);
@@ -306,8 +305,7 @@ cmd_run_shell_free(void *data)
 		session_remove_ref(cdata->s, __func__);
 	if (cdata->client != NULL)
 		server_client_unref(cdata->client);
-	if (cdata->state != NULL)
-		args_make_commands_free(cdata->state);
+	cmd_parse_free(cdata->tree);
 	free(cdata->cwd);
 	free(cdata->cmd);
 	free(cdata);

cmd-select-layout.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-layout.c,v 1.45 2026/09/09 07:03:39 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-select-layout.c,v 1.43 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -73,13 +73,12 @@ cmd_select_layout_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 {
 	struct args		*args = cmd_get_args(self);
 	struct cmd_find_state	*target = cmdq_get_target(item);
-	struct client		*c = cmdq_get_target_client(item);
 	struct winlink		*wl = target->wl;
 	struct window		*w = wl->window;
 	struct window_pane	*wp = target->wp;
 	const char		*layoutname;
-	char			*oldlayout, *cause = NULL;
-	int			 next, previous, layout, flags = 0;
+	char			*oldlayout, *cause;
+	int			 next, previous, layout;
 
 	server_unzoom_window(w);
 
@@ -90,12 +89,8 @@ cmd_select_layout_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 	if (args_has(args, 'p'))
 		previous = 1;
 
-	if (c != NULL &&
-	    (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) &&
-	    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_NEWLAYOUTS))
-		flags |= LAYOUT_CUSTOM_OLD_FORMAT;
 	oldlayout = w->old_layout;
-	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w, w->layout_root, flags);
+	w->old_layout = layout_dump(w, w->layout_root);
 
 	if (next || previous) {
 		if (next)

cmd-source-file.c

@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ cmd_source_file_done(__unused struct client *oc, const char *path,
 	if (error != 0)
 		cmdq_error(item, "%s: %s", strerror(error), path);
 	else if (bsize != 0) {
-		if (load_cfg_from_buffer(bdata, bsize, path, c, cdata->after,
+		if (load_cfg_from_buffer(bdata, bsize, path, cdata->after,
 		    target, cdata->flags, &new_item) < 0)
 			cdata->retval = CMD_RETURN_ERROR;
 		else if (new_item != NULL)

cmd-split-window.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.151 2026/09/10 11:02:18 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-split-window.c,v 1.150 2026/08/20 09:19:24 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ const struct cmd_entry cmd_new_pane_entry = {
 	.name = "new-pane",
 	.alias = "newp",
 
-	.args = { "AbB:Cc:Dde:EfF:hIkl:KLMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
-	.usage = "[-AbCDefhIkKLMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
+	.args = { "AbB:Cc:de:EfF:hIkl:KLMm:Op:PR:s:S:t:T:vWx:X:y:Y:Z", 0, -1, NULL },
+	.usage = "[-AbCdefhIkKLMOPvWZ] [-B border-lines] "
 		 "[-c start-directory] [-e environment] "
 		 "[-F format] [-l size] [-m message] [-p percentage] "
 		 "[-s style] [-S active-border-style] "
@@ -219,8 +219,6 @@ cmd_split_window_exec(struct cmd *self, struct cmdq_item *item)
 		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CAPTUREALLKEYS;
 	if (args_has(args, 'C') && args_has(args, 'O'))
 		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CLOSEONCLICK;
-	if (args_has(args, 'D') && args_has(args, 'O'))
-		new_wp->flags |= PANE_CLOSEONCANCEL;
 
 	style = args_get(args, 's');
 	if (style != NULL) {
@@ -362,7 +360,6 @@ cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 	enum pane_lines		 lines;
 	u_int			 sx, sy;
 	int			 x, y, xoff, yoff, border;
-	int			 oxoff, oyoff, osx, osy;
 
 	if (c->tty.mouse_last_pane == -1)
 		return;
@@ -418,14 +415,8 @@ cmd_split_window_mouse_resize(struct client *c, struct mouse_event *m)
 	if (sy < PANE_MINIMUM)
 		sy = PANE_MINIMUM;
 
-	oxoff = wp->xoff;
-	oyoff = wp->yoff;
-	osx = wp->sx;
-	osy = wp->sy;
-
 	layout_set_size(lc, sx, sy, xoff, yoff);
 	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
-
-	window_redraw_floating_pane(wp, oxoff, oyoff, osx, osy);
+	server_redraw_window(w);
 	server_redraw_window_borders(w);
 }

cmd-wait-for.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: cmd-wait-for.c,v 1.24 2026/09/22 06:46:50 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: cmd-wait-for.c,v 1.23 2026/07/10 13:38:45 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2013 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -480,40 +480,6 @@ cmd_wait_for_unlock(struct cmdq_item *item, const char *name,
 	return (CMD_RETURN_NORMAL);
 }
 
-void
-cmd_wait_for_client_lost(struct client *c)
-{
-	struct wait_channel	*wc, *wc1;
-	struct wait_item	*wi, *wi1;
-	struct wait_event_item	*wei, *wei1;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wei, &wait_event_items, entry, wei1) {
-		if (cmdq_get_client(wei->item) == c) {
-			TAILQ_REMOVE(&wait_event_items, wei, entry);
-			cmdq_continue(wei->item);
-			cmd_wait_for_event_free(wei);
-		}
-	}
-
-	RB_FOREACH_SAFE(wc, wait_channels, &wait_channels, wc1) {
-		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->waiters, entry, wi1) {
-			if (cmdq_get_client(wi->item) == c) {
-				cmdq_continue(wi->item);
-				TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->waiters, wi, entry);
-				free(wi);
-			}
-		}
-		TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(wi, &wc->lockers, entry, wi1) {
-			if (cmdq_get_client(wi->item) == c) {
-				cmdq_continue(wi->item);
-				TAILQ_REMOVE(&wc->lockers, wi, entry);
-				free(wi);
-			}
-		}
-		cmd_wait_for_remove_empty(wc);
-	}
-}
-
 void
 cmd_wait_for_flush(void)
 {

cmd.c

@@ -220,18 +220,11 @@ const struct cmd_entry *cmd_table[] = {
 struct cmd {
 	const struct cmd_entry	 *entry;
 	struct args		 *args;
-	u_int			  group;
 
 	char			 *file;
 	u_int			  line;
 	int			  parse_flags;
-
-	TAILQ_ENTRY(cmd)	  qentry;
 };
-TAILQ_HEAD(cmds, cmd);
-
-/* Next group number for new command list. */
-static u_int cmd_list_next_group = 1;
 
 /* Log an argument vector. */
 void printflike(3, 4)
@@ -402,13 +395,6 @@ cmd_get_args(struct cmd *cmd)
 	return (cmd->args);
 }
 
-/* Get group for command. */
-u_int
-cmd_get_group(struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	return (cmd->group);
-}
-
 /* Get file and line for command. */
 void
 cmd_get_source(struct cmd *cmd, const char **file, u_int *line)
@@ -558,23 +544,6 @@ cmd_free(struct cmd *cmd)
 	free(cmd);
 }
 
-/* Copy a command. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_copy(struct cmd *cmd, int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct cmd	*new_cmd;
-
-	new_cmd = xcalloc(1, sizeof *new_cmd);
-	new_cmd->entry = cmd->entry;
-	new_cmd->args = args_copy(cmd->args, argc, argv);
-
-	if (cmd->file != NULL)
-		new_cmd->file = xstrdup(cmd->file);
-	new_cmd->line = cmd->line;
-
-	return (new_cmd);
-}
-
 /* Get a command as a string. */
 char *
 cmd_print(struct cmd *cmd)
@@ -591,174 +560,6 @@ cmd_print(struct cmd *cmd)
 	return (out);
 }
 
-/* Create a new command list. */
-struct cmd_list *
-cmd_list_new(void)
-{
-	struct cmd_list	*cmdlist;
-
-	cmdlist = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cmdlist);
-	cmdlist->references = 1;
-	cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-	cmdlist->list = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cmdlist->list);
-	TAILQ_INIT(cmdlist->list);
-	return (cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Append a command to a command list. */
-void
-cmd_list_append(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	cmd->group = cmdlist->group;
-	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(cmdlist->list, cmd, qentry);
-}
-
-/* Append all commands from one list to another.  */
-void
-cmd_list_append_all(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd_list *from)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, from->list, qentry)
-		cmd->group = cmdlist->group;
-	TAILQ_CONCAT(cmdlist->list, from->list, qentry);
-}
-
-/* Move all commands from one command list to another. */
-void
-cmd_list_move(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmd_list *from)
-{
-	TAILQ_CONCAT(cmdlist->list, from->list, qentry);
-	cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-}
-
-/* Free a command list. */
-void
-cmd_list_free(struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd, *cmd1;
-
-	if (--cmdlist->references != 0)
-		return;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry, cmd1) {
-		TAILQ_REMOVE(cmdlist->list, cmd, qentry);
-		cmd_free(cmd);
-	}
-	free(cmdlist->list);
-	free(cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Copy a command list, expanding %s in arguments. */
-struct cmd_list *
-cmd_list_copy(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int argc, char **argv)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-	struct cmd_list	*new_cmdlist;
-	struct cmd	*new_cmd;
-	u_int		 group = cmdlist->group;
-	char		*s;
-
-	s = cmd_list_print(cmdlist, 0);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, s);
-	free(s);
-
-	new_cmdlist = cmd_list_new();
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (cmd->group != group) {
-			new_cmdlist->group = cmd_list_next_group++;
-			group = cmd->group;
-		}
-		new_cmd = cmd_copy(cmd, argc, argv);
-		cmd_list_append(new_cmdlist, new_cmd);
-	}
-
-	s = cmd_list_print(new_cmdlist, 0);
-	log_debug("%s: %s", __func__, s);
-	free(s);
-
-	return (new_cmdlist);
-}
-
-/* Get a command list as a string. */
-char *
-cmd_list_print(const struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flags)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd, *next;
-	char		*buf, *this;
-	size_t		 len;
-	const char	*separator;
-	int		 escaped = flags & CMD_LIST_PRINT_ESCAPED;
-	int		 no_groups = flags & CMD_LIST_PRINT_NO_GROUPS;
-	const char	*single_separator = escaped ? " \\; " : " ; ";
-	const char	*double_separator = escaped ? " \\;\\; " : " ;; ";
-
-	len = 1;
-	buf = xcalloc(1, len);
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		this = cmd_print(cmd);
-
-		len += strlen(this) + 6;
-		buf = xrealloc(buf, len);
-
-		strlcat(buf, this, len);
-
-		next = TAILQ_NEXT(cmd, qentry);
-		if (next != NULL) {
-			if (!no_groups && cmd->group != next->group)
-				separator = double_separator;
-			else
-				separator = single_separator;
-			strlcat(buf, separator, len);
-		}
-
-		free(this);
-	}
-
-	return (buf);
-}
-
-/* Get first command in list. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_list_first(struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
-{
-	return (TAILQ_FIRST(cmdlist->list));
-}
-
-/* Get next command in list. */
-struct cmd *
-cmd_list_next(struct cmd *cmd)
-{
-	return (TAILQ_NEXT(cmd, qentry));
-}
-
-/* Do all of the commands in this command list have this flag? */
-int
-cmd_list_all_have(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flag)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (~cmd->entry->flags & flag)
-			return (0);
-	}
-	return (1);
-}
-
-/* Do any of the commands in this command list have this flag? */
-int
-cmd_list_any_have(struct cmd_list *cmdlist, int flag)
-{
-	struct cmd	*cmd;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(cmd, cmdlist->list, qentry) {
-		if (cmd->entry->flags & flag)
-			return (1);
-	}
-	return (0);
-}
-
 /* Adjust current mouse position for a pane. */
 int
 cmd_mouse_at(struct window_pane *wp, struct mouse_event *m, u_int *xp,

configure.ac

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # configure.ac
 
-AC_INIT([tmux], next-3.9)
+AC_INIT([tmux], next-3.8)
 AC_PREREQ([2.60])
 
 AC_CONFIG_AUX_DIR(etc)

control-notify.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: control-notify.c,v 1.39 2026/09/08 10:20:08 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: control-notify.c,v 1.38 2026/08/03 13:38:42 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -70,7 +70,6 @@ control_window_layout_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
 	struct session		*s;
 	struct winlink		*wl;
 	struct window		*w = event_payload_get_window(ep, "window");
-	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	const char		*template;
 	char			*cp;
 
@@ -85,25 +84,19 @@ control_window_layout_changed_cb(__unused const char *name,
 	 * and we don't need to inform the client about the layout change
 	 * because the whole window will go away soon.
 	 */
-	if (TAILQ_FIRST(&w->winlinks) == NULL || w->layout_root == NULL)
+	wl = TAILQ_FIRST(&w->winlinks);
+	if (wl == NULL || w->layout_root == NULL)
 		return;
+	cp = format_single(NULL, template, NULL, NULL, wl, NULL);
 
 	TAILQ_FOREACH(c, &clients, entry) {
 		if (!CONTROL_SHOULD_NOTIFY_CLIENT(c) || c->session == NULL)
 			continue;
 		s = c->session;
-		wl = winlink_find_by_window_id(&s->windows, w->id);
-		if (wl == NULL)
-			continue;
-
-		ft = format_create(c, NULL, FORMAT_NONE, 0);
-		format_defaults(ft, c, s, wl, NULL);
-		cp = format_expand(ft, template);
-		format_free(ft);
-
-		control_notify_write(c, "%s", cp);
-		free(cp);
+		if (winlink_find_by_window_id(&s->windows, w->id) != NULL)
+			control_notify_write(c, "%s", cp);
 	}
+	free(cp);
 }
 
 /* Notify control clients that window pane changed. */

control.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: control.c,v 1.68 2026/09/09 08:30:05 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: control.c,v 1.66 2026/08/18 07:43:44 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2012 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -108,7 +108,6 @@ struct control_state {
 	u_int				 pending_count;
 
 	TAILQ_HEAD(, control_block)	 all_blocks;
-	size_t				 queued_reply_bytes;
 
 	struct bufferevent		*read_event;
 	struct bufferevent		*write_event;
@@ -133,9 +132,6 @@ struct control_state {
 /* Maximum age for clients that are not using pause mode. */
 #define CONTROL_MAXIMUM_AGE 300000
 
-/* Maximum buffered command replies for a client that is not reading. */
-#define CONTROL_MAXIMUM_REPLY_BUFFER (64 * 1024 * 1024)
-
 /* Flags to ignore client. */
 #define CONTROL_IGNORE_FLAGS \
 	(CLIENT_CONTROL_NOOUTPUT| \
@@ -169,15 +165,6 @@ RB_GENERATE_STATIC(control_windows, control_window, entry, control_window_cmp);
 static void
 control_free_block(struct control_state *cs, struct control_block *cb)
 {
-	size_t	 size;
-
-	if (cb->size == 0 && cb->line != NULL) {
-		size = strlen(cb->line) + 1;
-		if (cs->queued_reply_bytes > size)
-			cs->queued_reply_bytes -= size;
-		else
-			cs->queued_reply_bytes = 0;
-	}
 	free(cb->line);
 	TAILQ_REMOVE(&cs->all_blocks, cb, all_entry);
 	free(cb);
@@ -420,52 +407,16 @@ control_reset_pane(struct client *c, struct window_pane *wp)
 	memcpy(&cp->queued, &wp->offset, sizeof cp->queued);
 }
 
-/*
- * Check if the replies buffered for a client, including one about to be
- * added, have grown too large and kill it if so. Returns 1 if further output
- * for the client should be dropped.
- */
-static int
-control_check_reply_buffer(struct client *c, size_t added)
-{
-	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	size_t			 size;
-
-	if (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_DISCARD)
-		return (1);
-	size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(cs->write_event->output);
-	size += cs->queued_reply_bytes;
-	size += added;
-	if (size < CONTROL_MAXIMUM_REPLY_BUFFER)
-		return (0);
-
-	log_debug("%s: %s: %zu bytes of replies buffered", __func__, c->name,
-	    size);
-	if (~c->flags & CLIENT_EXIT) {
-		c->exit_message = xstrdup("too far behind");
-		c->flags |= CLIENT_EXIT;
-		control_discard(c);
-	}
-	c->flags |= CLIENT_CONTROL_DISCARD;
-	return (1);
-}
-
 /* Write an already-formatted line, queueing it behind %output if needed. */
 static void
 control_write_line(struct client *c, char *line)
 {
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	struct control_block	*cb;
-	size_t			 size = strlen(line) + 1;
-
-	if (control_check_reply_buffer(c, size)) {
-		free(line);
-		return;
-	}
 
 	if (TAILQ_EMPTY(&cs->all_blocks)) {
 		log_debug("%s: %s: writing line: %s", __func__, c->name, line);
-		bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, line, size - 1);
+		bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, line, strlen(line));
 		bufferevent_write(cs->write_event, "\n", 1);
 		bufferevent_enable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
 		free(line);
@@ -475,7 +426,6 @@ control_write_line(struct client *c, char *line)
 	cb = xcalloc(1, sizeof *cb);
 	cb->line = line;
 	TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&cs->all_blocks, cb, all_entry);
-	cs->queued_reply_bytes += size;
 	cb->t = get_timer();
 
 	log_debug("%s: %s: storing line: %s", __func__, c->name, cb->line);
@@ -505,12 +455,8 @@ control_flush_deferred(struct client *c)
 void
 control_write(struct client *c, const char *fmt, ...)
 {
-	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
-	char			*line;
-	va_list			 ap;
-
-	if (cs == NULL)
-		return;
+	va_list	 ap;
+	char	*line;
 
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	xvasprintf(&line, fmt, ap);
@@ -533,9 +479,6 @@ control_write_guard(struct client *c, const char *guard, long t, u_int number,
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	char			*line;
 
-	if (cs == NULL)
-		return;
-
 	if (strcmp(guard, "begin") == 0)
 		cs->guard_depth++;
 
@@ -560,9 +503,6 @@ control_notify_write(struct client *c, const char *fmt, ...)
 	va_list			 ap;
 	char			*line;
 
-	if (cs == NULL)
-		return;
-
 	va_start(ap, fmt);
 	xvasprintf(&line, fmt, ap);
 	va_end(ap);
@@ -701,8 +641,9 @@ control_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 	struct control_state	*cs = c->control_state;
 	struct evbuffer		*buffer = cs->read_event->input;
 	char			*line, *error;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
-	enum cmd_parse_status	 status;
 
 	for (;;) {
 		line = evbuffer_readln(buffer, NULL, EVBUFFER_EOL_LF);
@@ -716,9 +657,14 @@ control_read_callback(__unused struct bufferevent *bufev, void *data)
 		}
 
 		state = cmdq_new_state(NULL, NULL, CMDQ_STATE_CONTROL);
-		status = cmd_parse_and_append(line, NULL, c, state, &error);
-		if (status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR)
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(line, NULL, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL)
 			cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_callback(control_error, error));
+		else {
+			new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
+			cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
+		}
 		cmdq_free_state(state);
 
 		free(line);
@@ -1057,7 +1003,6 @@ control_discard_all(struct client *c)
 	control_discard(c);
 	TAILQ_FOREACH_SAFE(cb, &cs->all_blocks, all_entry, cb1)
 		control_free_block(cs, cb);
-	cs->queued_reply_bytes = 0;
 	bufferevent_disable(cs->write_event, EV_WRITE);
 }
 

format.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: format.c,v 1.418 2026/09/20 08:19:31 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: format.c,v 1.415 2026/08/31 19:34:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -855,42 +855,26 @@ format_cb_window_active_clients_list(struct format_tree *ft)
 static void *
 format_cb_window_layout(struct format_tree *ft)
 {
-	struct client		*c = ft->client;
-	struct window		*w = ft->w;
-	struct layout_cell	*lcroot;
-	int			 flags = 0;
+	struct window	*w = ft->w;
 
 	if (w == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
 
 	if (w->saved_layout_root != NULL)
-		lcroot = w->saved_layout_root;
-	else
-		lcroot = w->layout_root;
-
-	if (c != NULL &&
-	    (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) &&
-	    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_NEWLAYOUTS))
-		flags |= LAYOUT_CUSTOM_OLD_FORMAT;
-	return (layout_dump(w, lcroot, flags));
+		return (layout_dump(w, w->saved_layout_root));
+	return (layout_dump(w, w->layout_root));
 }
 
 /* Callback for window_visible_layout. */
 static void *
 format_cb_window_visible_layout(struct format_tree *ft)
 {
-	struct client	*c = ft->client;
 	struct window	*w = ft->w;
-	int		 flags = 0;
 
 	if (w == NULL)
 		return (NULL);
 
-	if (c != NULL &&
-	    (c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL) &&
-	    (~c->flags & CLIENT_CONTROL_NEWLAYOUTS))
-		flags |= LAYOUT_CUSTOM_OLD_FORMAT;
-	return (layout_dump(w, w->layout_root, flags));
+	return (layout_dump(w, w->layout_root));
 }
 
 /* Callback for pane_start_command. */
@@ -2876,10 +2860,10 @@ format_cb_session_activity_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
 
 	if (ft->s != NULL) {
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
-			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
+			if (ft->wl->flags & WINLINK_ACTIVITY)
 				return (xstrdup("1"));
+			return (xstrdup("0"));
 		}
-		return (xstrdup("0"));
 	}
 	return (NULL);
 }
@@ -2894,8 +2878,8 @@ format_cb_session_bell_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
 			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_BELL)
 				return (xstrdup("1"));
+			return (xstrdup("0"));
 		}
-		return (xstrdup("0"));
 	}
 	return (NULL);
 }
@@ -2908,10 +2892,10 @@ format_cb_session_silence_flag(struct format_tree *ft)
 
 	if (ft->s != NULL) {
 		RB_FOREACH(wl, winlinks, &ft->s->windows) {
-			if (wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
+			if (ft->wl->flags & WINLINK_SILENCE)
 				return (xstrdup("1"));
+			return (xstrdup("0"));
 		}
-		return (xstrdup("0"));
 	}
 	return (NULL);
 }
@@ -5250,7 +5234,6 @@ format_loop_sessions(struct format_expand_state *es, const char *fmt)
 		format_log(es, "session loop: $%u", s->id);
 		if (active != NULL &&
 		    ft->c != NULL &&
-		    ft->c->session != NULL &&
 		    s->id == ft->c->session->id)
 			use = active;
 		else

fuzz/cmd-parse-fuzzer.c

@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@ int
 LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const u_char *data, size_t size)
 {
 	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	if (size > 2048 || size == 0)
 		return 0;
@@ -44,17 +45,10 @@ LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const u_char *data, size_t size)
 	memset(&pi, 0, sizeof pi);
 	pi.flags = CMD_PARSE_QUIET;
 
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_buffer(data, size, &pi);
-	switch (pr->status) {
-	case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
-		break;
-	case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-		free(pr->error);
-		break;
-	default:
-		break;
-	}
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_buffer(data, size, &pi, &cause);
+	if (tree != NULL)
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
+	free(cause);
 
 	return 0;
 }

fuzz/input-fuzzer.c

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const u_char *data, size_t size)
 	w = window_create(PANE_WIDTH, PANE_HEIGHT, 0, 0);
 	wp = window_add_pane(w, NULL, 0, 0);
 	bufferevent_pair_new(libevent, BEV_OPT_CLOSE_ON_FREE, vpty);
-	wp->ictx = input_init(wp, vpty[0], NULL);
+	wp->ictx = input_init(wp, vpty[0], NULL, NULL);
 	window_add_ref(w, __func__);
 
 	wp->fd = open("/dev/null", O_WRONLY);

fuzz/layout-fuzzer.c

@@ -1,111 +0,0 @@
-/*
- * Copyright (c) 2026 Arthur Chan <arthur.chan@adalogics.com>
- *
- * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
- * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
- * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
- *
- * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
- * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
- * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
- * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
- * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
- * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
- * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
- */
-
-/*
- * Fuzz the custom layout parser.
- *
- * A layout string such as "bb62,80x24,0,0{40x24,0,0,1,39x24,41,0,2}" is
- * accepted by select-layout and is what tmux stores and restores for a
- * window, so it is parsed from configuration and from commands. It drives
- * layout-custom.c (the string parser and the checksum), then layout.c, which
- * resizes and assigns the cells.
- *
- * layout_parse() refuses a window with no panes, and refuses a layout whose
- * cell count is smaller than the pane count, so the window is given a fixed
- * number of panes. The count is fixed rather than derived from the input, so
- * a mutation always means a different layout string.
- */
-
-#include <sys/types.h>
-
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
-
-#include "tmux.h"
-
-#define FUZZER_MAXLEN 1024
-#define FUZZER_PANES 4
-
-struct event_base	*libevent;
-
-int
-LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const u_char *data, size_t size)
-{
-	struct window		*w;
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	char			*buf, *cause = NULL, *dump;
-	u_int			 i;
-
-	if (size == 0 || size > FUZZER_MAXLEN)
-		return 0;
-
-	/* layout_parse() takes a C string. */
-	buf = malloc(size + 1);
-	if (buf == NULL)
-		return 0;
-	memcpy(buf, data, size);
-	buf[size] = '\0';
-
-	w = window_create(80, 24, 0, 0);
-	if (w == NULL) {
-		free(buf);
-		return 0;
-	}
-	window_add_ref(w, __func__);
-
-	for (i = 0; i < FUZZER_PANES; i++) {
-		wp = window_add_pane(w, NULL, 0, 0);
-		if (w->active == NULL)
-			w->active = wp;
-	}
-
-	if (layout_parse(w, buf, &cause) == 0) {
-		dump = layout_dump(w, w->layout_root, 1);
-		free(dump);
-	}
-	free(cause);
-
-	window_remove_ref(w, __func__);
-
-	free(buf);
-	return 0;
-}
-
-int
-LLVMFuzzerInitialize(__unused int *argc, __unused char ***argv)
-{
-	const struct options_table_entry	*oe;
-
-	global_environ = environ_create();
-	global_options = options_create(NULL);
-	global_s_options = options_create(NULL);
-	global_w_options = options_create(NULL);
-	for (oe = options_table; oe->name != NULL; oe++) {
-		if (oe->scope & OPTIONS_TABLE_SERVER)
-			options_default(global_options, oe);
-		if (oe->scope & OPTIONS_TABLE_SESSION)
-			options_default(global_s_options, oe);
-		if (oe->scope & OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW)
-			options_default(global_w_options, oe);
-	}
-
-	libevent = osdep_event_init();
-
-	socket_path = xstrdup("dummy");
-
-	return 0;
-}

fuzz/layout-fuzzer.dict

@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-# tmux custom layout strings: "<checksum>,<sx>x<sy>,<x>,<y>{...}" / "[...]"
-","
-"x"
-"{"
-"}"
-"["
-"]"
-"0"
-"1"
-"80x24,0,0"
-"40x24,0,0"
-"bb62,"
-"cafe,"
-",0,0,0"
-",0,0{"
-",0,0["
-"@"

fuzz/layout-fuzzer.options

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-[libfuzzer]
-max_len = 1024

hooks.c

@@ -59,35 +59,35 @@ static struct hooks_events hooks_events = TAILQ_HEAD_INITIALIZER(hooks_events);
 /* Insert one hook command list. */
 static struct cmdq_item *
 hooks_insert_one(struct cmdq_item *item, struct hooks_data *hd,
-    struct cmd_list *cmdlist, struct cmdq_state *state)
+    struct cmd_parse_tree *tree, struct cmdq_state *state)
 {
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
 	char			*s;
 
-	if (cmdlist == NULL)
+	if (tree == NULL)
 		return (item);
 	if (log_get_level() != 0) {
-		s = cmd_list_print(cmdlist, 0);
+		s = cmd_parse_print(tree, 0);
 		log_debug("%s: hook %s is: %s", __func__, hd->name, s);
 		free(s);
 	}
-	new_item = cmdq_get_command(cmdlist, state);
+	new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
 	if (item != NULL)
 		return (cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item));
 	return (cmdq_append(NULL, new_item));
 }
 
 /* Parse a hook command. */
-static struct cmd_parse_result *
+static struct cmd_parse_tree *
 hooks_parse(struct hooks_data *hd, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
-    const char *value)
+    const char *value, char **cause)
 {
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
 	struct format_tree	*ft;
 	char			*expanded;
 
 	if (!hd->expand)
-		return (cmd_parse_from_string(value, NULL));
+		return (cmd_parse_from_string(value, NULL, cause));
 
 	ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, hd->client, fs->s, fs->wl, fs->wp);
 	if (hd->formats != NULL)
@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ hooks_parse(struct hooks_data *hd, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
 	expanded = format_expand(ft, value);
 	format_free(ft);
 
-	pr = cmd_parse_from_string(expanded, NULL);
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_string(expanded, NULL, cause);
 	free(expanded);
-	return (pr);
+	return (tree);
 }
 
 /* Insert commands for a hook. */
@@ -109,9 +109,9 @@ hooks_insert(struct cmdq_item *item, struct hooks_data *hd)
 	struct cmdq_state		*state;
 	struct options_entry		*o;
 	struct options_array_item	*a;
-	struct cmd_list			*cmdlist;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
 	const char			*value;
-	struct cmd_parse_result		*pr;
+	char				*cause = NULL;
 
 	log_debug("%s: inserting hook %s", __func__, hd->name);
 
@@ -155,38 +155,35 @@ hooks_insert(struct cmdq_item *item, struct hooks_data *hd)
 
 	if (*hd->name == '@') {
 		value = options_get_string(oo, hd->name);
-		pr = hooks_parse(hd, &fs, value);
-		switch (pr->status) {
-		case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
+		cause = NULL;
+		tree = hooks_parse(hd, &fs, value, &cause);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
 			log_debug("%s: can't parse hook %s: %s", __func__,
-			    hd->name, pr->error);
-			free(pr->error);
-			break;
-		case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-			hooks_insert_one(item, hd, pr->cmdlist, state);
-			break;
+			    hd->name, cause);
+			free(cause);
+		} else {
+			hooks_insert_one(item, hd, tree, state);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		}
 	} else {
 		a = options_array_first(o);
 		while (a != NULL) {
 			if (hd->expand) {
 				value = options_array_item_value(a)->string;
-				pr = hooks_parse(hd, &fs, value);
-				switch (pr->status) {
-				case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-					if (pr->error != NULL) {
-						cmdq_error(item, "%s",
-						    pr->error);
-					}
-					break;
-				case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-					item = hooks_insert_one(item, hd,
-					    pr->cmdlist, state);
-					break;
+				cause = NULL;
+				tree = hooks_parse(hd, &fs, value, &cause);
+				if (tree == NULL) {
+					if (cause != NULL)
+						cmdq_error(item, "%s", cause);
+					free(cause);
+				} else {
+					item = hooks_insert_one(item, hd, tree,
+					    state);
+					cmd_parse_free(tree);
 				}
 			} else {
-				cmdlist = options_array_item_value(a)->cmdlist;
-				item = hooks_insert_one(item, hd, cmdlist,
+				tree = options_array_item_value(a)->cmd;
+				item = hooks_insert_one(item, hd, tree,
 				    state);
 			}
 			a = options_array_next(a);

input.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: input.c,v 1.272 2026/09/21 10:22:31 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: input.c,v 1.271 2026/08/31 19:34:09 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ struct input_ctx {
 	struct bufferevent	       *event;
 	struct screen_write_ctx		ctx;
 	struct colour_palette	       *palette;
+	struct client		       *c;
 
 	struct input_cell		cell;
 	struct input_cell		old_cell;
@@ -873,7 +874,7 @@ input_restore_state(struct input_ctx *ictx)
 /* Initialise input parser. */
 struct input_ctx *
 input_init(struct window_pane *wp, struct bufferevent *bev,
-    struct colour_palette *palette)
+    struct colour_palette *palette, struct client *c)
 {
 	struct input_ctx	*ictx;
 
@@ -881,6 +882,7 @@ input_init(struct window_pane *wp, struct bufferevent *bev,
 	ictx->wp = wp;
 	ictx->event = bev;
 	ictx->palette = palette;
+	ictx->c = c;
 
 	ictx->input_space = INPUT_BUF_START;
 	ictx->input_buf = xmalloc(INPUT_BUF_START);
@@ -3423,9 +3425,15 @@ input_osc_52(struct input_ctx *ictx, const char *p)
 		return;
 
 	if (wp == NULL) {
-		free(out);
-		return;
+		/* Popup window. */
+		if (ictx->c == NULL) {
+			free(out);
+			return;
+		}
+		tty_set_selection(&ictx->c->tty, clip, out, outlen);
+		paste_add(NULL, out, outlen);
 	} else {
+		/* Normal window. */
 		screen_write_start_pane(&ctx, wp, NULL);
 		screen_write_setselection(&ctx, clip, out, outlen);
 		screen_write_stop(&ctx);

key-bindings.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: key-bindings.c,v 1.193 2026/09/21 20:45:48 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: key-bindings.c,v 1.192 2026/08/06 09:05:04 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2007 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ key_bindings_cmp(struct key_binding *bd1, struct key_binding *bd2)
 static void
 key_bindings_free(struct key_binding *bd)
 {
-	cmd_list_free(bd->cmdlist);
+	cmd_parse_free(bd->cmd);
 	free((void *)bd->note);
 	free(bd);
 }
@@ -222,16 +222,15 @@ key_bindings_next(__unused struct key_table *table, struct key_binding *bd)
 
 void
 key_bindings_add(const char *name, key_code key, const char *note, int repeat,
-    struct cmd_list *cmdlist)
+    struct cmd_parse_tree *cmd)
 {
-	struct key_table	*table;
+	struct key_table	*table = key_bindings_get_table(name, 1);
 	struct key_binding	*bd;
+	const char		*k;
 	char			*s;
 
-	table = key_bindings_get_table(name, 1);
-
 	bd = key_bindings_get(table, key & ~KEYC_MASK_FLAGS);
-	if (cmdlist == NULL) {
+	if (cmd == NULL) {
 		if (bd != NULL) {
 			if (note != NULL) {
 				free((void *)bd->note);
@@ -256,11 +255,11 @@ key_bindings_add(const char *name, key_code key, const char *note, int repeat,
 
 	if (repeat)
 		bd->flags |= KEY_BINDING_REPEAT;
-	bd->cmdlist = cmdlist;
+	bd->cmd = cmd;
 
-	s = cmd_list_print(bd->cmdlist, 0);
-	log_debug("%s: %#llx %s = %s", __func__, bd->key,
-	    key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 1), s);
+	k = key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 1);
+	s = cmd_parse_print(bd->cmd, 0);
+	log_debug("%s: %#llx %s = %s", __func__, bd->key, k, s);
 	free(s);
 }
 
@@ -269,6 +268,7 @@ key_bindings_remove(const char *name, key_code key)
 {
 	struct key_table	*table;
 	struct key_binding	*bd;
+	const char		*k;
 
 	table = key_bindings_get_table(name, 0);
 	if (table == NULL)
@@ -278,8 +278,8 @@ key_bindings_remove(const char *name, key_code key)
 	if (bd == NULL)
 		return;
 
-	log_debug("%s: %#llx %s", __func__, bd->key,
-	    key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 1));
+	k = key_string_lookup_key(bd->key, 1);
+	log_debug("%s: %#llx %s", __func__, bd->key, k);
 
 	RB_REMOVE(key_bindings, &table->key_bindings, bd);
 	key_bindings_free(bd);
@@ -311,9 +311,8 @@ key_bindings_reset(const char *name, key_code key)
 		return;
 	}
 
-	cmd_list_free(bd->cmdlist);
-	bd->cmdlist = dd->cmdlist;
-	bd->cmdlist->references++;
+	cmd_parse_free(bd->cmd);
+	bd->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(dd->cmd);
 
 	free((void *)bd->note);
 	if (dd->note != NULL)
@@ -370,8 +369,7 @@ key_bindings_init_done(__unused struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
 			if (bd->note != NULL)
 				new_bd->note = xstrdup(bd->note);
 			new_bd->flags = bd->flags;
-			new_bd->cmdlist = bd->cmdlist;
-			new_bd->cmdlist->references++;
+			new_bd->cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(bd->cmd);
 			RB_INSERT(key_bindings, &table->default_key_bindings,
 			    new_bd);
 		}
@@ -523,7 +521,7 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		"bind -n TripleClick1Pane { select-pane -t=; if -F '#{||:#{pane_in_mode},#{mouse_any_flag}}' { send -M } { copy-mode -H; send -X select-line; run -d0.3; send -X copy-pipe-and-cancel } }",
 
 		/* Mouse button 1 on border. */
-		"bind -n MouseDown1Border { select-pane -t= }",
+		"bind -n MouseDown1Border { select-pane -M }",
 
 		/* Mouse button 1 drag on border. */
 		"bind -n MouseDrag1Border { resize-pane -M }",
@@ -733,50 +731,39 @@ key_bindings_init(void)
 		"bind -Tcopy-mode-vi C-Up { send -X scroll-up }",
 		"bind -Tcopy-mode-vi C-Down { send -X scroll-down }",
 	};
+
 	u_int			 i;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
+	char			*cause = NULL;
 
 	for (i = 0; i < nitems(defaults); i++) {
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(defaults[i], NULL);
-		if (pr->status != CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS) {
-			log_debug("%s", pr->error);
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(defaults[i], NULL, &cause);
+		if (tree == NULL)
 			fatalx("bad default key: %s", defaults[i]);
-		}
-		cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_command(pr->cmdlist, NULL));
-		cmd_list_free(pr->cmdlist);
+
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, NULL, NULL);
+		cmdq_append(NULL, new_item);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	}
 	cmdq_append(NULL, cmdq_get_callback(key_bindings_init_done, NULL));
 }
 
-static enum cmd_retval
-key_bindings_read_only(struct cmdq_item *item, __unused void *data)
-{
-	cmdq_error(item, "client is read-only");
-	return (CMD_RETURN_ERROR);
-}
-
 struct cmdq_item *
 key_bindings_dispatch(struct key_binding *bd, struct cmdq_item *item,
     struct client *c, struct key_event *event, struct cmd_find_state *fs)
 {
 	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
 	struct cmdq_state	*new_state;
-	int			 readonly, flags = 0;
+	int			 flags = 0;
 
-	if (c == NULL || (~c->flags & CLIENT_READONLY))
-		readonly = 1;
-	else
-		readonly = cmd_list_all_have(bd->cmdlist, CMD_READONLY);
+	if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
+		flags |= CMDQ_STATE_REPEAT;
+	new_state = cmdq_new_state(fs, event, flags);
+
+	new_item = cmd_invoke_get(bd->cmd, new_state, NULL);
+	cmdq_free_state(new_state);
 
-	if (!readonly)
-		new_item = cmdq_get_callback(key_bindings_read_only, NULL);
-	else {
-		if (bd->flags & KEY_BINDING_REPEAT)
-			flags |= CMDQ_STATE_REPEAT;
-		new_state = cmdq_new_state(fs, event, flags);
-		new_item = cmdq_get_command(bd->cmdlist, new_state);
-		cmdq_free_state(new_state);
-	}
 	if (item != NULL)
 		new_item = cmdq_insert_after(item, new_item);
 	else

layout.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: layout.c,v 1.101 2026/09/20 08:42:46 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: layout.c,v 1.98 2026/08/25 18:38:05 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2009 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ layout_free_cell(struct layout_cell *lc, int only_nodes)
 		}
 		break;
 	case LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE:
-		if (lc->wp != NULL && lc->wp->layout_cell != NULL) {
+		if (lc->wp != NULL) {
 			lc->wp->layout_cell->parent = NULL;
 			lc->wp->layout_cell = NULL;
 		}
@@ -233,6 +233,29 @@ layout_make_node(struct layout_cell *lc, enum layout_type type)
 	lc->wp = NULL;
 }
 
+/* Fix z-indexes. */
+void
+layout_fix_zindexes(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc)
+{
+	struct layout_cell	*lcchild;
+
+	if (lc == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	switch (lc->type) {
+	case LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE:
+		TAILQ_INSERT_TAIL(&w->z_index, lc->wp, zentry);
+		break;
+	case LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT:
+	case LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM:
+		TAILQ_FOREACH(lcchild, &lc->cells, entry)
+			layout_fix_zindexes(w, lcchild);
+		return;
+	default:
+		fatalx("bad layout type");
+	}
+}
+
 int
 layout_cell_is_tiled(struct layout_cell *lc)
 {
@@ -242,7 +265,7 @@ layout_cell_is_tiled(struct layout_cell *lc)
 	return is_leaf && !is_floating;
 }
 
-int
+static int
 layout_cell_has_tiled_child(struct layout_cell *lc)
 {
 	struct layout_cell      *lcchild;
@@ -469,6 +492,7 @@ layout_fix_panes(struct window *w, struct window_pane *skip)
 					sx = PANE_MINIMUM;
 				else
 					sx = sx - sb_w - sb_pad;
+			wp->flags |= PANE_REDRAWSCROLLBAR;
 		}
 
 		window_pane_resize(wp, sx, sy);
@@ -476,11 +500,8 @@ layout_fix_panes(struct window *w, struct window_pane *skip)
 		if (wp->xoff != old_xoff ||
 		    wp->yoff != old_yoff ||
 		    wp->sx != old_sx ||
-		    wp->sy != old_sy) {
-			if (window_pane_scrollbar_reserve(wp))
-				wp->flags |= PANE_REDRAWSCROLLBAR;
+		    wp->sy != old_sy)
 			changed = 1;
-		}
 	}
 	if (changed)
 		redraw_invalidate_scene(w);
@@ -488,20 +509,18 @@ layout_fix_panes(struct window *w, struct window_pane *skip)
 
 /* Count the number of available cells in a layout. */
 u_int
-layout_count_cells(struct layout_cell *lc, int with_floating)
+layout_count_cells(struct layout_cell *lc)
 {
 	struct layout_cell	*lcchild;
 	u_int			 count = 0;
 
 	switch (lc->type) {
 	case LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE:
-		if (lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING && !with_floating)
-			return 0;
 		return (1);
 	case LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT:
 	case LAYOUT_TOPBOTTOM:
 		TAILQ_FOREACH(lcchild, &lc->cells, entry)
-			count += layout_count_cells(lcchild, with_floating);
+			count += layout_count_cells(lcchild);
 		return (count);
 	default:
 		fatalx("bad layout type");
@@ -702,7 +721,7 @@ layout_destroy_cell(struct window *w, struct layout_cell *lc,
 	/* If no parent, this is the last pane in a window. */
 	lcparent = lc->parent;
 	if (lcparent == NULL) {
-		if (*lcroot == lc)
+		if (lc->wp != NULL)
 			*lcroot = NULL;
 		layout_free_cell(lc, 0);
 		return;
@@ -770,49 +789,6 @@ layout_free(struct window *w, int only_nodes)
 	layout_free_cell(w->layout_root, only_nodes);
 }
 
-/* Move and resize floating panes so they stay inside the window. */
-static void
-layout_clamp_floating_panes(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy)
-{
-	struct window_pane	*wp;
-	struct layout_cell	*lc;
-	u_int			 pad, avail, csx, csy;
-
-	TAILQ_FOREACH(wp, &w->z_index, zentry) {
-		lc = wp->layout_cell;
-		if (lc == NULL || (~lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING))
-			continue;
-		if (window_pane_get_pane_lines(wp) == PANE_LINES_NONE)
-			pad = 0;
-		else
-			pad = 1;
-
-		csx = lc->g.sx;
-		avail = (sx > 2 * pad) ? sx - 2 * pad : 0;
-		if (csx > avail)
-			csx = (avail > PANE_MINIMUM) ? avail : PANE_MINIMUM;
-		csy = lc->g.sy;
-		avail = (sy > 2 * pad) ? sy - 2 * pad : 0;
-		if (csy > avail)
-			csy = (avail > PANE_MINIMUM) ? avail : PANE_MINIMUM;
-		if (csx != lc->g.sx || csy != lc->g.sy)
-			layout_set_size(lc, csx, csy, lc->g.xoff, lc->g.yoff);
-
-		if (lc->g.xoff + lc->g.sx + pad > sx) {
-			if (lc->g.sx + 2 * pad >= sx)
-				lc->g.xoff = pad;
-			else
-				lc->g.xoff = sx - lc->g.sx - pad;
-		}
-		if (lc->g.yoff + lc->g.sy + pad > sy) {
-			if (lc->g.sy + 2 * pad >= sy)
-				lc->g.yoff = pad;
-			else
-				lc->g.yoff = sy - lc->g.sy - pad;
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 /* Resize the entire layout after window resize. */
 void
 layout_resize(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy)
@@ -833,11 +809,8 @@ layout_resize(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 	 * out proportionately - this should leave the layout fitting the new
 	 * window size.
 	 */
-	if (lc->type == LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE && (lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING)) {
-		layout_clamp_floating_panes(w, sx, sy);
-		layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
+	if (lc->type == LAYOUT_WINDOWPANE && (lc->flags & LAYOUT_CELL_FLOATING))
 		return;
-	}
 	xchange = sx - lc->g.sx;
 	xlimit = layout_resize_check(w, lc, LAYOUT_LEFTRIGHT);
 	if (xchange < 0 && xchange < -xlimit)
@@ -867,7 +840,6 @@ layout_resize(struct window *w, u_int sx, u_int sy)
 
 	/* Fix cell offsets. */
 	layout_fix_offsets(w);
-	layout_clamp_floating_panes(w, sx, sy);
 	layout_fix_panes(w, NULL);
 }
 
@@ -1730,7 +1702,7 @@ layout_floating_args_parse(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
     enum pane_lines lines, struct window *w, struct layout_geometry *lg,
     char **cause)
 {
-	int	 sx, sy, ox, oy, pad;
+	int	 sx, sy, ox, oy;
 	char	*error = NULL;
 
 	sx = lg->sx == UINT_MAX ? w->sx / 2 : lg->sx;
@@ -1779,20 +1751,12 @@ layout_floating_args_parse(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 		}
 	}
 
-	if (!window_has_floating_panes(w)) {
-		w->last_new_pane_x = 0;
-		w->last_new_pane_y = 0;
-	}
 	if (ox == INT_MAX) {
 		if (w->last_new_pane_x == 0)
 			ox = 4;
 		else {
-			if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
-				pad = 1;
-			else
-				pad = 0;
 			ox = w->last_new_pane_x + 4;
-			if (ox + sx + pad > (int)w->sx)
+			if (w->last_new_pane_x > w->sx)
 				ox = 4;
 		}
 		w->last_new_pane_x = ox;
@@ -1803,12 +1767,8 @@ layout_floating_args_parse(struct cmdq_item *item, struct args *args,
 		if (w->last_new_pane_y == 0)
 			oy = 2;
 		else {
-			if (lines != PANE_LINES_NONE)
-				pad = 1;
-			else
-				pad = 0;
 			oy = w->last_new_pane_y + 2;
-			if (oy + sy + pad > (int)w->sy)
+			if (w->last_new_pane_y > w->sy)
 				oy = 2;
 		}
 		w->last_new_pane_y = oy;

menu.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: menu.c,v 1.71 2026/09/21 12:14:32 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: menu.c,v 1.70 2026/08/17 07:33:55 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2019 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -51,18 +51,6 @@ struct menu_data {
 	void			*data;
 };
 
-void
-menu_get_size(struct menu *menu, enum box_lines lines, u_int *sx, u_int *sy)
-{
-	if (lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
-		*sx = menu->item_width + 2;
-		*sy = menu->count;
-	} else {
-		*sx = menu->width + 4;
-		*sy = menu->count + 2;
-	}
-}
-
 void
 menu_add_items(struct menu *menu, const struct menu_item *items,
     struct cmdq_item *qitem, struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs)
@@ -154,8 +142,6 @@ menu_add_item(struct menu *menu, const struct menu_item *item,
 	width = format_width(new_item->name);
 	if (*new_item->name == '-')
 		width--;
-	if (width > menu->item_width)
-		menu->item_width = width;
 	if (width > menu->width)
 		menu->width = width;
 }
@@ -252,7 +238,7 @@ menu_update(struct menu_data *md)
 	screen_write_clearscreen(&ctx, 8);
 
 	if (md->border_lines != BOX_LINES_NONE) {
-		screen_write_box(&ctx, menu_width(md), menu_height(md),
+		screen_write_box(&ctx, menu->width + 4, menu->count + 2,
 		    md->border_lines, &md->border_style_gc, menu->title);
 	}
 
@@ -300,13 +286,11 @@ menu_destroy(struct window *w)
 void
 menu_get_cursor(struct menu_data *md, u_int *cx, u_int *cy)
 {
-	u_int	border = (md->border_lines != BOX_LINES_NONE);
-
-	*cx = md->px + 1 + border;
+	*cx = md->px + 2;
 	if (md->choice == -1)
 		*cy = md->py;
 	else
-		*cy = md->py + border + md->choice;
+		*cy = md->py + 1 + md->choice;
 }
 
 struct screen *
@@ -318,19 +302,13 @@ menu_screen(struct menu_data *md)
 u_int
 menu_width(struct menu_data *md)
 {
-	u_int	sx, sy;
-
-	menu_get_size(md->menu, md->border_lines, &sx, &sy);
-	return (sx);
+	return (md->menu->width + 4);
 }
 
 u_int
 menu_height(struct menu_data *md)
 {
-	u_int	sx, sy;
-
-	menu_get_size(md->menu, md->border_lines, &sx, &sy);
-	return (sy);
+	return (md->menu->count + 2);
 }
 
 u_int
@@ -355,12 +333,12 @@ menu_key(struct client *c, struct menu_data *md, struct key_event *event)
 	int				 move;
 	const char			*name = NULL;
 	const struct menu_item		*item;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
+	struct cmdq_item		*new_item;
 	struct key_event		 saved_event;
 	struct cmdq_state		*state;
-	enum cmd_parse_status		 status;
 	char				*error;
 	key_code			 key;
-	u_int				 border;
 
 	if (KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key)) {
 		/*
@@ -376,10 +354,10 @@ menu_key(struct client *c, struct menu_data *md, struct key_event *event)
 				return (1);
 			return (0);
 		}
-		border = (md->border_lines != BOX_LINES_NONE);
-		if (m->x < md->px || m->x >= md->px + menu_width(md) ||
-		    m->y < md->py + border ||
-		    m->y >= md->py + border + n) {
+		if (m->x < md->px ||
+		    m->x > md->px + 4 + menu->width ||
+		    m->y < md->py + 1 ||
+		    m->y > md->py + 1 + n - 1) {
 			if (~md->flags & MENU_STAYOPEN) {
 				if (!move && MOUSE_RELEASE(m->b))
 					return (1);
@@ -402,7 +380,7 @@ menu_key(struct client *c, struct menu_data *md, struct key_event *event)
 			if (!MOUSE_WHEEL(m->b) && !MOUSE_DRAG(m->b))
 				goto chosen;
 		}
-		md->choice = m->y - (md->py + border);
+		md->choice = m->y - (md->py + 1);
 		if (md->choice != old)
 			server_redraw_window_menu(md->w);
 		return (0);
@@ -551,11 +529,14 @@ chosen:
 	} else
 		event = NULL;
 	state = cmdq_new_state(&md->fs, event, 0);
-
-	status = cmd_parse_and_append(item->command, NULL, c, state, &error);
-	if (status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
+	tree = cmd_parse_from_string(item->command, NULL, &error);
+	if (tree == NULL) {
 		cmdq_append(c, cmdq_get_error(error));
 		free(error);
+	} else {
+		new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
+		cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
 	}
 	cmdq_free_state(state);
 
@@ -569,16 +550,20 @@ menu_resize(struct menu_data *md, struct window *w)
 
 	if (md == NULL)
 		return;
+
 	nx = md->px;
 	ny = md->py;
 
-	menu_get_size(md->menu, md->border_lines, &sx, &sy);
+	sx = md->menu->width + 4;
+	sy = md->menu->count + 2;
+
 	if (nx + sx > w->sx) {
 		if (w->sx <= sx)
 			nx = 0;
 		else
 			nx = w->sx - sx;
 	}
+
 	if (ny + sy > w->sy) {
 		if (w->sy <= sy)
 			ny = 0;
@@ -610,9 +595,8 @@ menu_display(struct menu *menu, int flags, int starting_choice,
 		w = fs->w;
 	o = w->options;
 
-	if (lines == BOX_LINES_DEFAULT)
-		lines = options_get_number(o, "menu-border-lines");
-	menu_get_size(menu, lines, &sx, &sy);
+	sx = menu->width + 4;
+	sy = menu->count + 2;
 	if (sx >= w->sx)
 		px = 0;
 	else if (px + sx > w->sx)
@@ -624,6 +608,9 @@ menu_display(struct menu *menu, int flags, int starting_choice,
 	w->menu_last_px = px;
 	w->menu_last_py = py;
 
+	if (lines == BOX_LINES_DEFAULT)
+		lines = options_get_number(o, "menu-border-lines");
+
 	md = xcalloc(1, sizeof *md);
 	md->w = w;
 	md->flags = flags;

mode-tree.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: mode-tree.c,v 1.102 2026/09/21 12:14:32 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: mode-tree.c,v 1.101 2026/08/05 07:50:21 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2017 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -1375,14 +1375,12 @@ static void
 mode_tree_display_menu(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, struct client *c, u_int x,
     u_int y, int outside)
 {
-	struct window		*w = mtd->wp->window;
 	struct mode_tree_item	*mti;
 	struct menu		*menu;
 	const struct menu_item	*items;
 	struct mode_tree_menu	*mtm;
 	char			*title;
-	enum box_lines		 lines;
-	u_int			 line, sx, sy;
+	u_int			 line;
 
 	if (mtd->offset + y > mtd->line_size - 1)
 		line = mtd->current;
@@ -1407,17 +1405,14 @@ mode_tree_display_menu(struct mode_tree_data *mtd, struct client *c, u_int x,
 	mtm->line = line;
 	mtd->references++;
 
-	lines = options_get_number(w->options, "menu-border-lines");
-	menu_get_size(menu, lines, &sx, &sy);
-	if (x >= sx / 2)
-		x -= sx / 2;
+	if (x >= (menu->width + 4) / 2)
+		x -= (menu->width + 4) / 2;
 	else
 		x = 0;
 	x += mtd->wp->xoff;
 	y += mtd->wp->yoff;
-
-	if (menu_display(menu, 0, 0, NULL, x, y, c, lines, NULL, NULL, NULL,
-	    NULL, mode_tree_menu_callback, mtm) != 0) {
+	if (menu_display(menu, 0, 0, NULL, x, y, c, BOX_LINES_DEFAULT, NULL,
+	    NULL, NULL, NULL, mode_tree_menu_callback, mtm) != 0) {
 		mode_tree_remove_ref(mtd);
 		free(mtm);
 		menu_free(menu);
@@ -1820,20 +1815,25 @@ void
 mode_tree_run_command(struct client *c, struct cmd_find_state *fs,
     const char *template, const char *name)
 {
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmdq_item	*new_item;
 	struct cmdq_state	*state;
 	char			*command, *error;
-	enum cmd_parse_status	 status;
 
 	command = cmd_template_replace(template, name, 1);
 	if (command != NULL && *command != '\0') {
 		state = cmdq_new_state(fs, NULL, 0);
-		status = cmd_parse_and_append(command, NULL, c, state, &error);
-		if (status == CMD_PARSE_ERROR) {
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(command, NULL, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
 			if (c != NULL) {
 				*error = toupper((u_char)*error);
 				status_message_set(c, -1, 1, 0, 0, "%s", error);
 			}
 			free(error);
+		} else {
+			new_item = cmd_invoke_get(tree, state, NULL);
+			cmdq_append(c, new_item);
+			cmd_parse_free(tree);
 		}
 		cmdq_free_state(state);
 	}

monitor.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: monitor.c,v 1.8 2026/09/07 10:15:25 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: monitor.c,v 1.7 2026/07/27 19:15:58 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2026 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -614,10 +614,8 @@ monitor_parse(const char *value, char **name, enum monitor_type *type, int *id,
 		*type = MONITOR_ALL_WINDOWS;
 	else if (sscanf(what, "@%d", id) == 1 && *id >= 0)
 		*type = MONITOR_WINDOW;
-	else if (*what == '\0')
-		*type = MONITOR_SESSION;
 	else
-		goto fail;
+		*type = MONITOR_SESSION;
 	*name = xstrdup(copy);
 	*format = xstrdup(split);
 

options-table.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: options-table.c,v 1.247 2026/09/21 10:22:31 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: options-table.c,v 1.244 2026/09/01 12:49:49 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2011 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -76,10 +76,9 @@ static const char *options_table_pane_border_indicators_list[] = {
 	"off", "colour", "arrows", "both", NULL
 };
 static const char *options_table_pane_border_lines_list[] = {
-	"single", "double", "heavy", "simple", "number", "spaces", "none",
-	"rounded", NULL
+	"single", "double", "heavy", "simple", "number", "spaces", "none", NULL
 };
-static const char *options_table_menu_border_lines_list[] = {
+static const char *options_table_popup_border_lines_list[] = {
 	"single", "double", "heavy", "simple", "rounded", "padded", "none", NULL
 };
 static const char *options_table_set_clipboard_list[] = {
@@ -92,7 +91,7 @@ static const char *options_table_window_size_list[] = {
 	"largest", "smallest", "manual", "latest", NULL
 };
 static const char *options_table_remain_on_exit_list[] = {
-	"off", "on", "failed", "key", "failed-key", NULL
+	"off", "on", "failed", "key", NULL
 };
 static const char *options_table_destroy_unattached_list[] = {
 	"off", "on", "keep-last", "keep-group", NULL
@@ -493,7 +492,7 @@ const struct options_table_entry options_table[] = {
 	{ .name = "menu-border-lines",
 	  .type = OPTIONS_TABLE_CHOICE,
 	  .scope = OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW,
-	  .choices = options_table_menu_border_lines_list,
+	  .choices = options_table_popup_border_lines_list,
 	  .default_num = BOX_LINES_SINGLE,
 	  .text = "Type of characters used to draw menu border lines. Some of "
 		  "these are only supported on terminals with UTF-8 support."
@@ -1666,14 +1665,40 @@ const struct options_table_entry options_table[] = {
 	  .text = "Pane scrollbar position."
 	},
 
+	{ .name = "popup-style",
+	  .type = OPTIONS_TABLE_STRING,
+	  .scope = OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW,
+	  .default_str = "bg=themedarkgrey,fg=themewhite",
+	  .flags = OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_STYLE,
+	  .separator = ",",
+	  .text = "Default style of popups."
+	},
+
+	{ .name = "popup-border-style",
+	  .type = OPTIONS_TABLE_STRING,
+	  .scope = OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW,
+	  .default_str = "bg=themedarkgrey,fg=themelightgrey",
+	  .flags = OPTIONS_TABLE_IS_STYLE,
+	  .separator = ",",
+	  .text = "Default style of popup borders."
+	},
+
+	{ .name = "popup-border-lines",
+	  .type = OPTIONS_TABLE_CHOICE,
+	  .scope = OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW,
+	  .choices = options_table_popup_border_lines_list,
+	  .default_num = BOX_LINES_SINGLE,
+	  .text = "Type of characters used to draw popup border lines. Some of "
+		  "these are only supported on terminals with UTF-8 support."
+	},
+
 	{ .name = "remain-on-exit",
 	  .type = OPTIONS_TABLE_CHOICE,
 	  .scope = OPTIONS_TABLE_WINDOW|OPTIONS_TABLE_PANE,
 	  .choices = options_table_remain_on_exit_list,
 	  .default_num = 0,
 	  .text = "Whether panes should remain ('on'), remain until a key is "
-		  "pressed after any exit ('key') or after a failure "
-		  "('failed-key'), or be automatically killed ('off' or "
+		  "pressed ('key') or be automatically killed ('off' or "
 		  "'failed') when the program inside exits."
 	},
 

options.c

@@ -180,8 +180,8 @@ options_value_free(struct options_entry *o, union options_value *ov)
 {
 	if (OPTIONS_IS_STRING(o))
 		free(ov->string);
-	if (OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o) && ov->cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(ov->cmdlist);
+	if (OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o))
+		cmd_parse_free(ov->cmd);
 }
 
 static char *
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ options_value_to_string(struct options_entry *o, union options_value *ov,
 	char	*s;
 
 	if (OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o))
-		return (cmd_list_print(ov->cmdlist, 0));
+		return (cmd_parse_print(ov->cmd, 0));
 	if (OPTIONS_IS_NUMBER(o)) {
 		switch (o->tableentry->type) {
 		case OPTIONS_TABLE_NUMBER:
@@ -315,8 +315,8 @@ options_default(struct options *oo, const struct options_table_entry *oe)
 	struct options_entry	*o;
 	union options_value	*ov;
 	char			 key[32];
+	char			*error = NULL;
 	u_int			 i;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
 
 	o = options_empty(oo, oe);
 	ov = &o->value;
@@ -338,15 +338,9 @@ options_default(struct options *oo, const struct options_table_entry *oe)
 		ov->string = xstrdup(oe->default_str);
 		break;
 	case OPTIONS_TABLE_COMMAND:
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(oe->default_str, NULL);
-		switch (pr->status) {
-		case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-			free(pr->error);
-			break;
-		case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-			ov->cmdlist = pr->cmdlist;
-			break;
-		}
+		ov->cmd = cmd_parse_from_string(oe->default_str, NULL, &error);
+		if (ov->cmd == NULL)
+			fatalx("bad default option %s", oe->name);
 		break;
 	default:
 		ov->number = oe->default_num;
@@ -549,8 +543,9 @@ options_array_set(struct options_entry *o, const char *key, const char *value,
 {
 	struct options_array_item	*a;
 	char				*new, *new_key;
-	struct cmd_parse_result		*pr;
 	long long		 	 number;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree		*tree;
+	char				*error = NULL;
 
 	if (!OPTIONS_IS_ARRAY(o)) {
 		if (cause != NULL)
@@ -574,17 +569,14 @@ options_array_set(struct options_entry *o, const char *key, const char *value,
 	}
 
 	if (OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o)) {
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(value, NULL);
-		switch (pr->status) {
-		case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(value, NULL, &error);
+		if (tree == NULL) {
 			if (cause != NULL)
-				*cause = pr->error;
+				*cause = error;
 			else
-				free(pr->error);
+				free(error);
 			free(new_key);
 			return (-1);
-		case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-			break;
 		}
 
 		a = options_array_item(o, new_key);
@@ -592,7 +584,7 @@ options_array_set(struct options_entry *o, const char *key, const char *value,
 			a = options_array_new(o, new_key);
 		else
 			options_value_free(o, &a->value);
-		a->value.cmdlist = pr->cmdlist;
+		a->value.cmd = tree;
 		free(new_key);
 		return (0);
 	}
@@ -912,7 +904,7 @@ options_get_number(struct options *oo, const char *name)
 	return (o->value.number);
 }
 
-struct cmd_list *
+struct cmd_parse_tree *
 options_get_command(struct options *oo, const char *name)
 {
 	struct options_entry	*o;
@@ -922,7 +914,7 @@ options_get_command(struct options *oo, const char *name)
 		fatalx("missing option %s", name);
 	if (!OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o))
 		fatalx("option %s is not a command", name);
-	return (o->value.cmdlist);
+	return (o->value.cmd);
 }
 
 struct options_entry *
@@ -988,7 +980,7 @@ options_set_number(struct options *oo, const char *name, long long value)
 
 struct options_entry *
 options_set_command(struct options *oo, const char *name,
-    struct cmd_list *value)
+    struct cmd_parse_tree *value)
 {
 	struct options_entry	*o;
 
@@ -1004,9 +996,8 @@ options_set_command(struct options *oo, const char *name,
 
 	if (!OPTIONS_IS_COMMAND(o))
 		fatalx("option %s is not a command", name);
-	if (o->value.cmdlist != NULL)
-		cmd_list_free(o->value.cmdlist);
-	o->value.cmdlist = value;
+	cmd_parse_free(o->value.cmd);
+	o->value.cmd = cmd_parse_add_ref(value);
 	return (o);
 }
 
@@ -1282,7 +1273,8 @@ options_from_string(struct options *oo, const struct options_table_entry *oe,
 	const char		*errstr, *new;
 	char			*old;
 	key_code		 key;
-	struct cmd_parse_result	*pr;
+	struct cmd_parse_tree	*tree;
+	struct cmd_parse_input	 pi = { 0 };
 
 	if (oe != NULL) {
 		if (value == NULL &&
@@ -1340,17 +1332,14 @@ options_from_string(struct options *oo, const struct options_table_entry *oe,
 		return (options_from_string_flag(oo, name, value, cause));
 	case OPTIONS_TABLE_CHOICE:
 		return (options_from_string_choice(oe, oo, name, value, cause));
-	case OPTIONS_TABLE_COMMAND:
-		pr = cmd_parse_from_string(value, NULL);
-		switch (pr->status) {
-		case CMD_PARSE_ERROR:
-			*cause = pr->error;
+	case OPTIONS_TABLE_COMMAND: {
+		tree = cmd_parse_from_string(value, &pi, cause);
+		if (tree == NULL)
 			return (-1);
-		case CMD_PARSE_SUCCESS:
-			options_set_command(oo, name, pr->cmdlist);
-			return (0);
-		}
-		break;
+		options_set_command(oo, name, tree);
+		cmd_parse_free(tree);
+		return (0);
+	}
 	}
 	return (-1);
 }

popup.c

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+/* $OpenBSD: popup.c,v 1.77 2026/08/28 08:02:16 nicm Exp $ */
+
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2020 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF MIND, USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
+ * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include "tmux.h"
+
+struct popup_data {
+	struct client		 *c;
+	struct cmdq_item	 *item;
+	int			  flags;
+	char			 *title;
+
+	char			 *style;
+	char			 *border_style;
+	struct grid_cell	  border_cell;
+	enum box_lines		  border_lines;
+
+	struct screen		  s;
+	struct grid_cell	  defaults;
+	struct colour_palette	  palette;
+
+	struct visible_ranges	  r;
+
+	struct job		 *job;
+	struct input_ctx	 *ictx;
+	int			  status;
+	popup_close_cb		  cb;
+	void			 *arg;
+
+	int			  close;
+
+	/* Current position and size. */
+	u_int			  px;
+	u_int			  py;
+	u_int			  sx;
+	u_int			  sy;
+
+	/* Preferred position and size. */
+	u_int			  ppx;
+	u_int			  ppy;
+	u_int			  psx;
+	u_int			  psy;
+
+	enum { OFF, MOVE, SIZE }  dragging;
+	u_int			  dx;
+	u_int			  dy;
+
+	u_int			  lx;
+	u_int			  ly;
+	u_int			  lb;
+};
+
+static void
+popup_free(struct popup_data *pd)
+{
+	server_client_unref(pd->c);
+
+	if (pd->job != NULL)
+		job_free(pd->job);
+	if (pd->ictx != NULL)
+		input_free(pd->ictx);
+
+	free(pd->r.ranges);
+	screen_free(&pd->s);
+	colour_palette_free(&pd->palette);
+
+	free(pd->title);
+	free(pd->style);
+	free(pd->border_style);
+	free(pd);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_reapply_styles(struct popup_data *pd)
+{
+	struct client		*c = pd->c;
+	struct session		*s = c->session;
+	struct options		*o;
+	struct format_tree	*ft;
+	struct style		 sytmp;
+
+	if (s == NULL)
+		return;
+	o = s->curw->window->options;
+
+	ft = format_create_defaults(NULL, c, s, s->curw, NULL);
+
+	/* Reapply popup style from options. */
+	memcpy(&pd->defaults, &grid_default_cell, sizeof pd->defaults);
+	style_apply(&pd->defaults, o, "popup-style", ft);
+	if (pd->style != NULL) {
+		style_set(&sytmp, &grid_default_cell);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->defaults, pd->style) == 0) {
+			pd->defaults.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->defaults.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	pd->defaults.attr = 0;
+
+	/* Reapply border style from options. */
+	memcpy(&pd->border_cell, &grid_default_cell, sizeof pd->border_cell);
+	style_apply(&pd->border_cell, o, "popup-border-style", ft);
+	if (pd->border_style != NULL) {
+		style_set(&sytmp, &grid_default_cell);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->border_cell,
+		    pd->border_style) == 0) {
+			pd->border_cell.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->border_cell.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	pd->border_cell.attr = 0;
+
+	format_free(ft);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_redraw_cb(const struct tty_ctx *ttyctx)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = ttyctx->arg;
+
+	pd->c->flags |= CLIENT_REDRAWOVERLAY;
+}
+
+static int
+popup_set_client_cb(struct tty_ctx *ttyctx, struct client *c)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = ttyctx->arg;
+
+	if (c != pd->c)
+		return (0);
+	if (pd->c->flags & CLIENT_REDRAWOVERLAY)
+		return (0);
+
+	ttyctx->wox = 0;
+	ttyctx->woy = 0;
+	ttyctx->wsx = c->tty.sx;
+	ttyctx->wsy = c->tty.sy;
+
+	if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+		ttyctx->xoff = ttyctx->rxoff = pd->px;
+		ttyctx->yoff = ttyctx->ryoff = pd->py;
+	} else {
+		ttyctx->xoff = ttyctx->rxoff = pd->px + 1;
+		ttyctx->yoff = ttyctx->ryoff = pd->py + 1;
+	}
+
+	return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_init_ctx_cb(struct screen_write_ctx *ctx, struct tty_ctx *ttyctx)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = ctx->arg;
+
+	memcpy(&ttyctx->defaults, &pd->defaults, sizeof ttyctx->defaults);
+	ttyctx->flags &= ~TTY_CTX_WINDOW_BIGGER;
+	ttyctx->style_ctx.defaults = &ttyctx->defaults;
+	ttyctx->style_ctx.palette = &pd->palette;
+	ttyctx->redraw_cb = popup_redraw_cb;
+	ttyctx->set_client_cb = popup_set_client_cb;
+	ttyctx->arg = pd;
+}
+
+static struct screen *
+popup_mode_cb(__unused struct client *c, void *data, u_int *cx, u_int *cy)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+
+	if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+		*cx = pd->px + pd->s.cx;
+		*cy = pd->py + pd->s.cy;
+	} else {
+		*cx = pd->px + 1 + pd->s.cx;
+		*cy = pd->py + 1 + pd->s.cy;
+	}
+	return (&pd->s);
+}
+
+/* Return parts of the input range which are not obstructed by the popup. */
+static struct visible_ranges *
+popup_check_cb(__unused struct client* c, void *data, u_int px, u_int py,
+    u_int nx)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+	struct visible_ranges	*r = &pd->r;
+
+	server_client_overlay_range(pd->px, pd->py, pd->sx, pd->sy, px, py, nx,
+	    r);
+	return (r);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_draw_cb(struct client *c, void *data)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+	struct tty		*tty = &c->tty;
+	struct screen		 s;
+	struct screen_write_ctx	 ctx;
+	u_int			 i, px = pd->px, py = pd->py;
+	struct grid_cell	 defaults;
+	struct tty_style_ctx	 style_ctx;
+
+	popup_reapply_styles(pd);
+
+	screen_init(&s, pd->sx, pd->sy, 0);
+	if (pd->s.hyperlinks != NULL) {
+		hyperlinks_free(s.hyperlinks);
+		s.hyperlinks = hyperlinks_copy(pd->s.hyperlinks);
+	}
+	screen_write_start(&ctx, &s);
+	screen_write_clearscreen(&ctx, 8);
+
+	if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+		screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 0, 0, 0);
+		screen_write_fast_copy(&ctx, &pd->s, 0, 0, pd->sx, pd->sy);
+	} else if (pd->sx > 2 && pd->sy > 2) {
+		screen_write_box(&ctx, pd->sx, pd->sy, pd->border_lines,
+		    &pd->border_cell, pd->title);
+		screen_write_cursormove(&ctx, 1, 1, 0);
+		screen_write_fast_copy(&ctx, &pd->s, 0, 0, pd->sx - 2,
+		    pd->sy - 2);
+	}
+	screen_write_stop(&ctx);
+
+	memcpy(&defaults, &pd->defaults, sizeof defaults);
+	if (defaults.fg == 8)
+		defaults.fg = pd->palette.fg;
+	if (defaults.bg == 8)
+		defaults.bg = pd->palette.bg;
+	style_ctx.defaults = &defaults;
+	style_ctx.palette = &pd->palette;
+	style_ctx.dim = 0;
+	style_ctx.hyperlinks = s.hyperlinks;
+
+	c->overlay_check = NULL;
+	c->overlay_data = NULL;
+	for (i = 0; i < pd->sy; i++)
+		tty_draw_line(tty, &s, 0, i, pd->sx, px, py + i, &style_ctx);
+	screen_free(&s);
+	c->overlay_check = popup_check_cb;
+	c->overlay_data = pd;
+}
+
+static void
+popup_free_cb(__unused struct client *c, void *data)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+	struct cmdq_item	*item = pd->item;
+
+	if (pd->cb != NULL)
+		pd->cb(pd->status, pd->arg);
+
+	if (item != NULL) {
+		if (cmdq_get_client(item) != NULL &&
+		    cmdq_get_client(item)->session == NULL)
+			cmdq_get_client(item)->retval = pd->status;
+		cmdq_continue(item);
+	}
+
+	popup_free(pd);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_resize_cb(__unused struct client *c, void *data)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+	struct tty		*tty = &c->tty;
+
+	if (pd == NULL)
+		return;
+
+	/* Adjust position and size. */
+	if (pd->psy > tty->sy)
+		pd->sy = tty->sy;
+	else
+		pd->sy = pd->psy;
+	if (pd->psx > tty->sx)
+		pd->sx = tty->sx;
+	else
+		pd->sx = pd->psx;
+	if (pd->ppy + pd->sy > tty->sy)
+		pd->py = tty->sy - pd->sy;
+	else
+		pd->py = pd->ppy;
+	if (pd->ppx + pd->sx > tty->sx)
+		pd->px = tty->sx - pd->sx;
+	else
+		pd->px = pd->ppx;
+
+	/* Avoid zero size screens. */
+	if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+		screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx, pd->sy, 0);
+		if (pd->job != NULL)
+			job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx, pd->sy );
+	} else if (pd->sx > 2 && pd->sy > 2) {
+		screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2, 0);
+		if (pd->job != NULL)
+			job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2);
+	}
+}
+
+static void
+popup_handle_drag(struct client *c, struct popup_data *pd,
+    struct mouse_event *m)
+{
+	u_int	px, py;
+
+	if (!MOUSE_DRAG(m->b))
+		pd->dragging = OFF;
+	else if (pd->dragging == MOVE) {
+		if (m->x < pd->dx)
+			px = 0;
+		else if (m->x - pd->dx + pd->sx > c->tty.sx)
+			px = c->tty.sx - pd->sx;
+		else
+			px = m->x - pd->dx;
+		if (m->y < pd->dy)
+			py = 0;
+		else if (m->y - pd->dy + pd->sy > c->tty.sy)
+			py = c->tty.sy - pd->sy;
+		else
+			py = m->y - pd->dy;
+		pd->px = px;
+		pd->py = py;
+		pd->dx = m->x - pd->px;
+		pd->dy = m->y - pd->py;
+		pd->ppx = px;
+		pd->ppy = py;
+		server_redraw_client(c);
+	} else if (pd->dragging == SIZE) {
+		if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+			if (m->x < pd->px + 1)
+				return;
+			if (m->y < pd->py + 1)
+				return;
+		} else {
+			if (m->x < pd->px + 3)
+				return;
+			if (m->y < pd->py + 3)
+				return;
+		}
+		pd->sx = m->x - pd->px;
+		pd->sy = m->y - pd->py;
+		pd->psx = pd->sx;
+		pd->psy = pd->sy;
+
+		if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+			screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx, pd->sy, 0);
+			if (pd->job != NULL)
+				job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx, pd->sy);
+		} else {
+			screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2, 0);
+			if (pd->job != NULL)
+				job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2);
+		}
+		server_redraw_client(c);
+	}
+}
+
+static int
+popup_key_cb(struct client *c, void *data, struct key_event *event)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = data;
+	struct mouse_event	*m = &event->m;
+	const char		*buf;
+	size_t			 len;
+	u_int			 px, py;
+	enum { NONE, LEFT, RIGHT, TOP, BOTTOM } border = NONE;
+
+	if (KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key)) {
+		if (pd->dragging != OFF) {
+			popup_handle_drag(c, pd, m);
+			goto out;
+		}
+		if (m->x < pd->px ||
+		    m->x > pd->px + pd->sx - 1 ||
+		    m->y < pd->py ||
+		    m->y > pd->py + pd->sy - 1) {
+			return (0);
+		}
+		if (pd->border_lines != BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+			if (m->x == pd->px)
+				border = LEFT;
+			else if (m->x == pd->px + pd->sx - 1)
+				border = RIGHT;
+			else if (m->y == pd->py)
+				border = TOP;
+			else if (m->y == pd->py + pd->sy - 1)
+				border = BOTTOM;
+		}
+		if ((m->b & MOUSE_MASK_MODIFIERS) == 0 &&
+		    MOUSE_BUTTONS(m->b) == MOUSE_BUTTON_3 &&
+		    (border == LEFT || border == TOP))
+			goto out;
+		if (((m->b & MOUSE_MASK_MODIFIERS) == MOUSE_MASK_META) ||
+		    (border != NONE && !MOUSE_DRAG(m->lb))) {
+			if (!MOUSE_DRAG(m->b))
+				goto out;
+			if (MOUSE_BUTTONS(m->lb) == MOUSE_BUTTON_1)
+				pd->dragging = MOVE;
+			else if (MOUSE_BUTTONS(m->lb) == MOUSE_BUTTON_3)
+				pd->dragging = SIZE;
+			pd->dx = m->lx - pd->px;
+			pd->dy = m->ly - pd->py;
+			goto out;
+		}
+	}
+	if ((((pd->flags & (POPUP_CLOSEEXIT|POPUP_CLOSEEXITZERO)) == 0) ||
+	    pd->job == NULL) &&
+	    (event->key == '\033' || event->key == ('c'|KEYC_CTRL)))
+		return (1);
+	if (pd->job == NULL && (pd->flags & POPUP_CLOSEANYKEY) &&
+	    !KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key) && !KEYC_IS_PASTE(event->key))
+		return (1);
+	if (pd->job != NULL) {
+		if (KEYC_IS_MOUSE(event->key)) {
+			/* Must be inside, checked already. */
+			if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+				px = m->x - pd->px;
+				py = m->y - pd->py;
+			} else {
+				px = m->x - pd->px - 1;
+				py = m->y - pd->py - 1;
+			}
+			if (!input_key_get_mouse(&pd->s, m, px, py, &buf, &len))
+				return (0);
+			bufferevent_write(job_get_event(pd->job), buf, len);
+			return (0);
+		}
+		input_key(&pd->s, job_get_event(pd->job), event->key);
+	}
+	return (0);
+
+out:
+	pd->lx = m->x;
+	pd->ly = m->y;
+	pd->lb = m->b;
+	return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_job_update_cb(struct job *job)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = job_get_data(job);
+	struct evbuffer		*evb = job_get_event(job)->input;
+	struct client		*c = pd->c;
+	struct screen		*s = &pd->s;
+	void			*data = EVBUFFER_DATA(evb);
+	size_t			 size = EVBUFFER_LENGTH(evb);
+
+	if (size == 0)
+		return;
+
+	c->overlay_check = NULL;
+	c->overlay_data = NULL;
+	input_parse_screen(pd->ictx, s, popup_init_ctx_cb, pd, data, size);
+	c->overlay_check = popup_check_cb;
+	c->overlay_data = pd;
+
+	evbuffer_drain(evb, size);
+}
+
+static void
+popup_job_complete_cb(struct job *job)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd = job_get_data(job);
+	int			 status;
+
+	status = job_get_status(pd->job);
+	if (WIFEXITED(status))
+		pd->status = WEXITSTATUS(status);
+	else if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
+		pd->status = WTERMSIG(status);
+	else
+		pd->status = 0;
+	pd->job = NULL;
+
+	if ((pd->flags & POPUP_CLOSEEXIT) ||
+	    ((pd->flags & POPUP_CLOSEEXITZERO) && pd->status == 0))
+		server_client_clear_overlay(pd->c);
+}
+
+int
+popup_present(struct client *c)
+{
+	return (c->overlay_draw == popup_draw_cb);
+}
+
+int
+popup_modify(struct client *c, const char *title, const char *style,
+	const char *border_style, enum box_lines lines, int flags)
+{
+	struct popup_data		*pd = c->overlay_data;
+	struct style		sytmp;
+
+	if (title != NULL) {
+		if (pd->title != NULL)
+			free(pd->title);
+		pd->title = xstrdup(title);
+	}
+	if (border_style != NULL) {
+		free(pd->border_style);
+		pd->border_style = xstrdup(border_style);
+		style_set(&sytmp, &pd->border_cell);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->border_cell, border_style) == 0) {
+			pd->border_cell.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->border_cell.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		free(pd->style);
+		pd->style = xstrdup(style);
+		style_set(&sytmp, &pd->defaults);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->defaults, style) == 0) {
+			pd->defaults.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->defaults.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	if (lines != BOX_LINES_DEFAULT) {
+		if (lines == BOX_LINES_NONE && pd->border_lines != lines) {
+			screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx, pd->sy, 1);
+			job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx, pd->sy);
+		} else if (pd->border_lines == BOX_LINES_NONE &&
+		    pd->border_lines != lines) {
+			screen_resize(&pd->s, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2, 1);
+			job_resize(pd->job, pd->sx - 2, pd->sy - 2);
+		}
+		pd->border_lines = lines;
+		tty_resize(&c->tty);
+	}
+	if (flags != -1)
+		pd->flags = flags;
+
+	server_redraw_client(c);
+	return (0);
+}
+
+int
+popup_display(int flags, enum box_lines lines, struct cmdq_item *item, u_int px,
+    u_int py, u_int sx, u_int sy, struct environ *env, const char *shellcmd,
+    int argc, char **argv, const char *cwd, const char *title, struct client *c,
+    struct session *s, const char *style, const char *border_style,
+    popup_close_cb cb, void *arg)
+{
+	struct popup_data	*pd;
+	u_int			 jx, jy;
+	struct options		*o;
+	struct style		 sytmp;
+
+	if (s != NULL)
+		o = s->curw->window->options;
+	else
+		o = c->session->curw->window->options;
+
+	if (lines == BOX_LINES_DEFAULT)
+		lines = options_get_number(o, "popup-border-lines");
+	if (lines == BOX_LINES_NONE) {
+		if (sx < 1 || sy < 1)
+			return (-1);
+		jx = sx;
+		jy = sy;
+	} else {
+		if (sx < 3 || sy < 3)
+			return (-1);
+		jx = sx - 2;
+		jy = sy - 2;
+	}
+	if (c->tty.sx < sx || c->tty.sy < sy)
+		return (-1);
+
+	pd = xcalloc(1, sizeof *pd);
+	pd->item = item;
+	pd->flags = flags;
+
+	if (title != NULL)
+		pd->title = xstrdup(title);
+	if (style != NULL)
+		pd->style = xstrdup(style);
+	if (border_style != NULL)
+		pd->border_style = xstrdup(border_style);
+
+	pd->c = c;
+	pd->c->references++;
+
+	pd->cb = cb;
+	pd->arg = arg;
+	pd->status = 128 + SIGHUP;
+
+	pd->border_lines = lines;
+	memcpy(&pd->border_cell, &grid_default_cell, sizeof pd->border_cell);
+	style_apply(&pd->border_cell, o, "popup-border-style", NULL);
+	if (border_style != NULL) {
+		style_set(&sytmp, &grid_default_cell);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->border_cell, border_style) == 0) {
+			pd->border_cell.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->border_cell.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	pd->border_cell.attr = 0;
+
+	screen_init(&pd->s, jx, jy, 0);
+	screen_set_default_cursor(&pd->s, global_w_options);
+	colour_palette_init(&pd->palette);
+	colour_palette_from_option(&pd->palette, global_w_options);
+
+	memcpy(&pd->defaults, &grid_default_cell, sizeof pd->defaults);
+	style_apply(&pd->defaults, o, "popup-style", NULL);
+	if (style != NULL) {
+		style_set(&sytmp, &grid_default_cell);
+		if (style_parse(&sytmp, &pd->defaults, style) == 0) {
+			pd->defaults.fg = sytmp.gc.fg;
+			pd->defaults.bg = sytmp.gc.bg;
+		}
+	}
+	pd->defaults.attr = 0;
+
+	pd->px = px;
+	pd->py = py;
+	pd->sx = sx;
+	pd->sy = sy;
+
+	pd->ppx = px;
+	pd->ppy = py;
+	pd->psx = sx;
+	pd->psy = sy;
+
+	pd->job = job_run(shellcmd, argc, argv, env, s, cwd,
+	    popup_job_update_cb, popup_job_complete_cb, NULL, pd,
+	    JOB_NOWAIT|JOB_PTY|JOB_KEEPWRITE|JOB_DEFAULTSHELL, jx, jy);
+	if (pd->job == NULL) {
+		popup_free(pd);
+		return (-1);
+	}
+	pd->ictx = input_init(NULL, job_get_event(pd->job), &pd->palette, c);
+
+	server_client_set_overlay(c, 0, popup_check_cb, popup_mode_cb,
+	    popup_draw_cb, popup_key_cb, popup_free_cb, popup_resize_cb, pd);
+	return (0);
+}

prompt.c

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-/* $OpenBSD: prompt.c,v 1.7 2026/09/09 07:53:03 nicm Exp $ */
+/* $OpenBSD: prompt.c,v 1.6 2026/08/17 06:45:16 nicm Exp $ */
 
 /*
  * Copyright (c) 2026 Nicholas Marriott <nicholas.marriott@gmail.com>
@@ -1493,11 +1493,9 @@ append_key:
 		utf8_set(&tmp, key);
 		if (key <= 0x1f || key == 0x7f)
 			tmp.width = 2;
-	} else if (KEYC_IS_UNICODE(key)) {
+	} else if (KEYC_IS_UNICODE(key))
 		utf8_to_data(key, &tmp);
-		if (tmp.size == 0)
-			return (PROMPT_KEY_HANDLED);
-	} else
+	else
 		return (PROMPT_KEY_HANDLED);
 
 	pr->buffer = xreallocarray(pr->buffer, size + 2,

regress/Makefile

@@ -1,17 +1,33 @@
 TESTS!= echo *.sh
 LOGDIR=logs
 
-.PHONY: all prepare $(TESTS)
+.PHONY: all
+.NOTPARALLEL: all
 
-all: prepare $(TESTS)
-	@failed=0; failures=; \
+all:
+	@mkdir -p "$(LOGDIR)"; \
+	rm -f "$(LOGDIR)"/*.log; \
+	failed=0; failures=; \
 	for test in $(TESTS); do \
 		base=$${test##*/}; \
 		log="$(LOGDIR)/$${base%.sh}.log"; \
-		if [ -f "$$log" ]; then \
+		rm -f "$$log"; \
+		printf '%-40s ' "$$test"; \
+		start=$$(date +%s); \
+		env -i LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 MallocNanoZone=0 \
+		    sh -x "$$test" >"$$log" 2>&1; \
+		if [ $$? -eq 0 ]; then \
+			end=$$(date +%s); \
+			rm -f "$$log"; \
+			echo "PASS ($$((end - start))s)"; \
+		else \
+			end=$$(date +%s); \
+			echo "FAIL ($$((end - start))s)"; \
+			echo " log: $$log"; \
 			failed=1; \
 			failures="$$failures $$test"; \
 		fi; \
+		sleep 1; \
 	done; \
 	if [ "$$failed" -ne 0 ]; then \
 		echo; \
@@ -23,22 +39,3 @@ all: prepare $(TESTS)
 		rmdir "$(LOGDIR)" 2>/dev/null || true; \
 	fi; \
 	exit $$failed
-
-prepare:
-	@mkdir -p "$(LOGDIR)"
-	@rm -f "$(LOGDIR)"/*.log
-
-$(TESTS): prepare
-	@base="$@"; base=$${base##*/}; \
-	log="$(LOGDIR)/$${base%.sh}.log"; \
-	start=$$(date +%s); \
-	if env -i LC_CTYPE=C.UTF-8 MallocNanoZone=0 \
-	    sh -x "$@" >"$$log" 2>&1; then \
-		end=$$(date +%s); \
-		rm -f "$$log"; \
-		printf '%-40s PASS (%ss)\n' "$@" "$$((end - start))"; \
-	else \
-		end=$$(date +%s); \
-		printf '%-40s FAIL (%ss)\n log: %s\n' \
-		    "$@" "$$((end - start))" "$$log"; \
-	fi

regress/alerts.sh

@@ -2,9 +2,8 @@
 
 # monitor-activity, monitor-bell and monitor-silence: both the
 # alert-activity, alert-bell and alert-silence hooks and the winlink alert
-# flags (window_activity_flag, window_bell_flag, window_silence_flag,
-# their session equivalents and the #, !, ~ characters in window_flags).
-# The sessions are detached so
+# flags (window_activity_flag, window_bell_flag, window_silence_flag and
+# the #, !, ~ characters in window_flags). The sessions are detached so
 # alert flags are set even on the current window; the *-action options
 # still decide whether the hooks fire. Panes run cat: activity is
 # generated by the tty echo of send-keys and a bell by sending a BEL and
@@ -112,24 +111,6 @@ flags_have()
 	esac
 }
 
-assert_session_flag()
-{
-	flag="#{session_${1}_flag}"
-	expected=$2
-
-	# Only mon exists here. Check both window contexts and list-sessions.
-	for target in mon:w0 "mon:$3"; do
-		value=$($TMUX display -pt "$target" "$flag") ||
-			fail "display $flag failed"
-		[ "$value" = "$expected" ] ||
-			fail "expected $flag for $target to be '$expected' but got '$value'"
-	done
-	value=$($TMUX list-sessions -F "$flag") ||
-		fail "list-sessions $flag failed"
-	[ "$value" = "$expected" ] ||
-		fail "expected list-sessions $flag to be '$expected' but got '$value'"
-}
-
 flags_lack()
 {
 	target=$1
@@ -169,12 +150,10 @@ $TMUX set-hook -g alert-silence \
 # alert-bell and sets the bell flag, shown as ! in window_flags.
 $TMUX neww -d -t mon: -n bellw cat || fail "new-window bellw failed"
 assert_fmt_unchanged mon:bellw '#{window_bell_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag bell 0 bellw
 flags_lack mon:bellw '!'
 bell mon:bellw
 wait_for @log '|alert-bell:mon:bellw'
 wait_for_fmt mon:bellw '#{window_bell_flag}' 1
-assert_session_flag bell 1 bellw
 flags_have mon:bellw '!'
 
 # Bells are not deduplicated: a second bell fires the hook again even
@@ -185,7 +164,6 @@ wait_for @log '|alert-bell:mon:bellw|alert-bell:mon:bellw'
 # Selecting the window clears the alert flags.
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:bellw || fail "select-window bellw failed"
 wait_for_fmt mon:bellw '#{window_bell_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag bell 0 bellw
 flags_lack mon:bellw '!'
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:w0 || fail "select-window w0 failed"
 
@@ -195,7 +173,6 @@ $TMUX set -g @log '' || fail "reset @log failed"
 bell mon:w0
 wait_for @log '|alert-bell:mon:w0'
 wait_for_fmt mon:w0 '#{window_bell_flag}' 1
-assert_session_flag bell 1 bellw
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:bellw || fail "select-window bellw failed"
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:w0 || fail "select-window w0 failed"
 wait_for_fmt mon:w0 '#{window_bell_flag}' 0
@@ -222,7 +199,6 @@ $TMUX neww -d -t mon: -n actw cat || fail "new-window actw failed"
 $TMUX set -g @log '' || fail "reset @log failed"
 activity mon:actw
 assert_fmt_unchanged mon:actw '#{window_activity_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag activity 0 actw
 assert_unchanged @log ''
 
 # With monitor-activity on, output fires alert-activity and sets the
@@ -232,7 +208,6 @@ $TMUX set -wt mon:actw monitor-activity on ||
 activity mon:actw
 wait_for @log '|alert-activity:mon:actw'
 wait_for_fmt mon:actw '#{window_activity_flag}' 1
-assert_session_flag activity 1 actw
 flags_have mon:actw '#'
 
 # While the flag is set further activity does not fire the hook again.
@@ -259,7 +234,6 @@ exec 3>"$OUT/fifo"
 wait_for_fmt mon: '#{session_attached}' 1
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:actw || fail "select-window actw failed"
 wait_for_fmt mon:actw '#{window_activity_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag activity 0 actw
 flags_lack mon:actw '#'
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:w0 || fail "select-window w0 failed"
 exec 3>&-
@@ -276,7 +250,6 @@ $TMUX set -wt mon:w0 monitor-activity on ||
 $TMUX set -g @log '' || fail "reset @log failed"
 activity mon:w0
 wait_for_fmt mon:w0 '#{window_activity_flag}' 1
-assert_session_flag activity 1 actw
 assert_unchanged @log ''
 $TMUX set -wut mon:w0 monitor-activity ||
 	fail "unset monitor-activity w0 failed"
@@ -300,19 +273,16 @@ $TMUX selectw -t mon:w0 || fail "select-window w0 failed"
 # running.
 $TMUX neww -d -t mon: -n silw cat || fail "new-window silw failed"
 assert_fmt_unchanged mon:silw '#{window_silence_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag silence 0 silw
 $TMUX set -g @log '' || fail "reset @log failed"
 $TMUX set -wt mon:silw monitor-silence 1 || fail "set monitor-silence failed"
 wait_for @log '|alert-silence:mon:silw'
 wait_for_fmt mon:silw '#{window_silence_flag}' 1
-assert_session_flag silence 1 silw
 flags_have mon:silw '~'
 assert_unchanged @log '|alert-silence:mon:silw'
 $TMUX set -wt mon:silw monitor-silence 0 ||
 	fail "reset monitor-silence failed"
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:silw || fail "select-window silw failed"
 wait_for_fmt mon:silw '#{window_silence_flag}' 0
-assert_session_flag silence 0 silw
 flags_lack mon:silw '~'
 $TMUX selectw -t mon:w0 || fail "select-window w0 failed"
 

regress/attach-session-redraw.sh

@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Selecting a pane with attach-session from an already attached client must
-# redraw pane contents when window-style and window-active-style differ.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lattach-redraw-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lattach-redraw-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-BEFORE=$DIR/before
-AFTER=$DIR/after
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		CLIENT=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ -n "$CLIENT" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-LEFT=$($INNER new-session -dPF '#{pane_id}' -s inner -x 40 -y 8 \
-    "printf 'LEFT'; exec sleep 100") || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g default-terminal screen || exit 1
-$INNER split-window -h -t "$LEFT" "printf 'RIGHT'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -w -t "$LEFT" window-style bg=red || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -w -t "$LEFT" window-active-style bg=blue || exit 1
-$INNER bind-key -n x attach-session -t "$LEFT" || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 8 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Lattach-redraw-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-
-wait_for_client
-sleep 1
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 x || exit 1
-sleep 1
-[ "$($INNER display-message -p -t inner '#{pane_id}')" = "$LEFT" ] ||
-    fail "attach-session did not select the target pane"
-$OUTER capture-pane -pe -t outer:0.0 >"$BEFORE" || exit 1
-
-# A forced redraw produces the correct scene. It must be identical to the
-# scene drawn immediately by attach-session.
-$INNER refresh-client -t "$CLIENT" || exit 1
-sleep 1
-$OUTER capture-pane -pe -t outer:0.0 >"$AFTER" || exit 1
-cmp -s "$BEFORE" "$AFTER" ||
-    fail "attach-session left stale active/inactive pane styles"
-
-exit 0

regress/capture-pane-time.sh

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# capture-pane -I line timestamps
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-TMP=$(mktemp)
-trap '$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null; rm -f "$TMP"' 0 1 15
-$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-
-before=$(date +%s)
-$TMUX new-session -d -x 40 -y 5 'seq 1 12; sleep 10' || exit 1
-sleep 1
-after=$(date +%s)
-
-$TMUX capture-pane -pILF -S - -E - >"$TMP" || exit 1
-awk -v before="$before" -v after="$after" '
-	$1 !~ /^-?[0-9]+$/ || $2 !~ /^[0-9]+$/ { exit 1 }
-	$4 == "1" {
-		if ($2 < before || $2 > after)
-			exit 1
-		history = 1
-	}
-	$4 == "9" {
-		if ($2 != 0)
-			exit 1
-		visible = 1
-	}
-	END { if (!history || !visible) exit 1 }
-' "$TMP" || {
-	cat "$TMP"
-	exit 1
-}
-
-exit 0

regress/check-names.sh

@@ -5,15 +5,6 @@
 PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
 TERM=screen
 
-# The pane's shell must not be the user's own interactive shell: a custom
-# PS1/PROMPT_COMMAND that sets the terminal title (as many do, for tmux/xterm
-# TERM types) would redraw over the titles this test sets and checks on
-# every prompt, regardless of how long it waits first.
-shell=
-if command -v bash >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	shell='bash --noprofile --norc +o history'
-fi
-
 [ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
 TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
 $TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
@@ -39,7 +30,7 @@ must_equal()
 	[ "$got" = "$want" ] || fail "got '$got', expected '$want'"
 }
 
-$TMUX new-session -d -x 80 -y 24 -- $shell || exit 1
+$TMUX new-session -d -x 80 -y 24 || exit 1
 $TMUX set-option -qg allow-set-title on || exit 1
 $TMUX set-option -qg allow-rename on || exit 1
 $TMUX set-option -qg automatic-rename off || exit 1

regress/choose-tree.sh

@@ -290,92 +290,4 @@ wait_count ': G4' 7
 	fail "window 1 of zzz not killed"
 exit_mode q
 
-# --- help and information preview --------------------------------------------
-# The complete tree help is taller than the 24-line test terminal, where the
-# help renderer deliberately leaves the tree unchanged.
-$TMUX2 resize-window -t out:0 -x 80 -y 50 || exit 1
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	# The inner session has a one-line status, leaving a 49-line window.
-	[ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t aaa:0 '#{window_height}')" -ge 49 ] &&
-		break
-	sleep 0.2
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "attached client did not resize for tree help"
-$TMUX choose-tree -t aaa:0 -F 'G5' -O index || exit 1
-wait_count ': G5' 7
-$TMUX2 send-keys -t out:0 F1 || fail "send-keys F1 failed"
-wait_for 'Swap current and previous window'
-# The first key closes help; the second exits the tree.
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 q q || fail "send-keys help exit failed"
-wait_mode aaa:0 0
-
-$TMUX choose-tree -t aaa:0 -F 'G6' -O index || exit 1
-wait_count ': G6' 7
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 i || fail "send-keys info failed"
-wait_for 'Session'
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 i || fail "send-keys preview failed"
-exit_mode q
-
-# --- window swapping and command prompt for current/tagged items -------------
-# Restrict a window-only tree to two disposable windows in aaa. J (the
-# Shift-Down equivalent) swaps their window objects while leaving their indexes
-# in place.
-$TMUX new-window -d -t aaa: -n swap-a 'cat' || exit 1
-$TMUX new-window -d -t aaa: -n swap-b 'cat' || exit 1
-aidx=$($TMUX list-windows -t aaa -F '#{window_index}:#{window_name}' | \
-    awk -F: '$2 == "swap-a" {print $1}')
-bidx=$($TMUX list-windows -t aaa -F '#{window_index}:#{window_name}' | \
-    awk -F: '$2 == "swap-b" {print $1}')
-$TMUX choose-tree -w -t aaa:0 -O index -F 'WT #{window_name}' \
-	-f '#{m:swap-*,#{window_name}}' || exit 1
-wait_count 'WT swap-' 2
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 g j J || fail "window tree swap failed"
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	aname=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "aaa:$aidx" '#{window_name}')
-	bname=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "aaa:$bidx" '#{window_name}')
-	[ "$aname:$bname" = 'swap-b:swap-a' ] && break
-	sleep 0.2
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "window tree did not swap the two windows"
-
-# ':' runs an entered command for the current item and rebuilds the tree when
-# its queued command completes.
-$TMUX set-option -g @tree-command '' || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 : || fail "window tree command prompt failed"
-wait_for '(current)'
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 -l "set-option -g @tree-command '%%'" || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 Enter || exit 1
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	value=$($TMUX show-option -gqv @tree-command)
-	[ -n "$value" ] && break
-	sleep 0.2
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "window tree entered command did not run"
-case "$value" in
-=aaa:*.) ;;
-*) fail "window tree command target was '$value'" ;;
-esac
-
-# Tag both disposable windows and kill them through the tagged confirmation
-# callback. The mode-hosting window is outside the filter and survives.
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 g j t j t X || fail "tagged kill keys failed"
-wait_for 'Kill 2 tagged?'
-$TMUX send-keys -t aaa:0 y || fail "tagged kill confirmation failed"
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	left=$($TMUX list-windows -t aaa -F '#{window_name}' | \
-	    grep -c '^swap-' || true)
-	[ "$left" -eq 0 ] && break
-	sleep 0.2
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "tagged windows were not killed"
-exit_mode q
-
 exit 0

regress/clear-on-attach.sh

@@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# With clear-on-attach disabled tmux must preserve the terminal contents by
-# scrolling them away, rather than entering and clearing the alternate screen.
-# Capture the bytes written by a real attached client for both settings.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-INNER_ON="$TEST_TMUX -LtestIon$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER_ON="$TEST_TMUX -LtestOon$$ -f/dev/null"
-INNER_OFF="$TEST_TMUX -LtestIoff$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER_OFF="$TEST_TMUX -LtestOoff$$ -f/dev/null"
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER_ON kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER_ON kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$OUTER_OFF kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER_OFF kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$current_inner list-clients 2>/dev/null | grep -q . && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-capture_attach()
-{
-	setting=$1
-	output=$2
-	go=$DIR/go-$setting
-	if [ "$setting" = on ]; then
-		current_inner=$INNER_ON
-		current_outer=$OUTER_ON
-	else
-		current_inner=$INNER_OFF
-		current_outer=$OUTER_OFF
-	fi
-
-	$current_inner new-session -d -s inner -x40 -y10 \
-	    'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-	$current_inner set-option -g status off || exit 1
-	$current_inner set-option -g clear-on-attach "$setting" || exit 1
-	$current_outer new-session -d -s outer -x40 -y10 \
-	    "while [ ! -e '$go' ]; do sleep 0.01; done; exec $current_inner attach-session -t inner" || exit 1
-	$current_outer set-option -g status off || exit 1
-	$current_outer pipe-pane -O "cat >'$output'" || exit 1
-	touch "$go"
-	wait_for_client
-	sleep 0.5
-	$current_outer pipe-pane -O || exit 1
-}
-
-on=$DIR/on
-off=$DIR/off
-capture_attach on "$on"
-capture_attach off "$off"
-
-smcup=$(printf '\033[?1049h')
-grep -Fq "$smcup" "$on" || fail "clear-on-attach on did not use smcup"
-if grep -Fq "$smcup" "$off"; then
-	fail "clear-on-attach off used smcup"
-fi
-
-# Some screen terminfo entries have indn (CSI Ps S), while older ones only
-# have ind (newline). The preserving path uses indn once or repeats ind once
-# for every line in the terminal plus one.
-escape=$(printf '\033')
-if ! LC_ALL=C grep -Eq "${escape}\\[[0-9]+S" "$off"; then
-	hex=$(od -An -tx1 -v "$off" | tr -d ' \n')
-	case "$hex" in
-	*0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a0a*) ;;
-	*) fail "clear-on-attach off did not scroll the old contents away" ;;
-	esac
-fi
-
-exit 0

regress/client-key-order-focus.sh

@@ -1,82 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# send-keys -K injects a key into a client. Commands produced by that key must
-# be inserted immediately after send-keys, before later commands in the same
-# command list. Focus events arriving between a prefix and its following key
-# must be forwarded without cancelling the prefix table.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestI$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestO$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		client=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ -n "$client" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_for_option()
-{
-	option=$1
-	expected=$2
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		actual=$($INNER show-option -gv "$option" 2>/dev/null)
-		[ "$actual" = "$expected" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "$option is '$actual', expected '$expected'"
-}
-
-cleanup
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x40 -y10 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g focus-events on || exit 1
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x40 -y10 "$INNER attach -t inner" || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-wait_for_client
-
-# The binding generated by send-keys -K must run before the command which
-# follows send-keys in this command list. Before the queue-ordering fix this
-# produces AB rather than BA.
-$INNER set-option -g @order '' || exit 1
-$INNER bind-key -n a set-option -gF @order '#{@order}B' || exit 1
-$INNER send-keys -K -c "$client" a \; \
-	set-option -gF @order '#{@order}A' || exit 1
-wait_for_option @order BA
-
-# Put the real attached client in the prefix table, deliver FocusIn, then the
-# bound key. FocusIn is not bindable and must not reset the prefix table.
-$INNER bind-key x set-option -g @focus-prefix yes || exit 1
-$OUTER send-keys C-b || exit 1
-focus_in=$(printf '\033[I')
-$OUTER send-keys -l "$focus_in" || exit 1
-$OUTER send-keys x || exit 1
-wait_for_option @focus-prefix yes
-
-exit 0

regress/clock-mode.sh

@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Exercise clock-mode initialization, all four styles, its one-second timer,
-# resize into the compact renderer, arbitrary-key exit, and cleanup.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-TMUX_TMPDIR=$DIR
-export TMUX_TMPDIR
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestI$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestO$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-capture()
-{
-	$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 2>/dev/null
-}
-
-wait_mode()
-{
-	want=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		got=$($INNER display-message -p -t clock:0 '#{pane_mode}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ "$got" = "$want" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "pane mode is '$got', expected '$want'"
-}
-
-wait_hashes()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		captured=$(capture)
-		printf '%s\n' "$captured" | grep -q '#' && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "large clock did not render"
-}
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s clock -x80 -y24 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -w clock-mode-colour red || exit 1
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x80 -y24 "$INNER attach -t clock" || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-sleep 1
-
-for style in 12 24 12-with-seconds 24-with-seconds; do
-	$INNER set-option -w -t clock:0 clock-mode-style "$style" || exit 1
-	$INNER clock-mode -t clock:0 || exit 1
-	wait_mode clock-mode
-	wait_hashes
-	# Let at least one timer callback observe a new second.
-	[ "$style" != 12-with-seconds ] || sleep 1.2
-	$INNER send-keys -t clock:0 x || exit 1
-	wait_mode ''
-done
-
-# Resizing an active mode below the large-glyph threshold selects the compact
-# renderer. A visible time contains a colon and no block-clock hash.
-$INNER clock-mode -t clock:0 || exit 1
-wait_mode clock-mode
-$INNER resize-window -t clock:0 -x20 -y5 || exit 1
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	captured=$(capture)
-	printf '%s\n' "$captured" | grep -Eq '[0-9][0-9]?:[0-9][0-9]' && break
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "compact clock did not render after resize"
-printf '%s\n' "$captured" | grep -q '#' &&
-	fail "compact clock still used large glyphs"
-$INNER send-keys -t clock:0 Enter || exit 1
-wait_mode ''
-
-$INNER has-session -t clock || fail "server died during clock-mode tests"
-exit 0

regress/cmd-client-argv.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Client argv parsing and the start-server boundary.
+#
+# The command line given to the client is parsed and invoked as one sequence.
+# This checks: a multi-command argv runs every command and starts the server
+# (new-session carries CMD_STARTSERVER); a command without start-server fails
+# cleanly against no server; and a parse error leaves no stray server behind.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+# Multi-command argv: starts the server and runs all commands in order.
+$TMUX new-session -d -swork -nbase \; set -g @a one \; new-window -dn W2 \; \
+	set -g @b two || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @a)" = one ] || { echo "argv cmd 2 did not run" >&2; exit 1; }
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @b)" = two ] || { echo "argv cmd 4 did not run" >&2; exit 1; }
+got=$($TMUX list-windows -t work -F '#{window_name}' | tr '\n' ',')
+[ "$got" = "base,W2," ] || { echo "argv windows: got [$got]" >&2; exit 1; }
+# kill-server is asynchronous; wait for the server to actually exit before the
+# checks below that require no server to be running.
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+i=0
+while $TMUX has-session 2>/dev/null; do
+	sleep 0.05
+	i=$((i + 1))
+	[ $i -gt 100 ] && break
+done
+
+# A command without start-server fails cleanly when no server is running and
+# does not fork one.
+$TMUX new-window -dn ZZ 2>/dev/null && { echo "new-window unexpectedly succeeded" >&2; exit 1; }
+if $TMUX has-session 2>/dev/null; then
+	echo "non-start-server command left a stray server" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+# A parse error with no server running starts no server.
+$TMUX 'if-shell true {' 2>/dev/null && { echo "parse error did not fail" >&2; exit 1; }
+if $TMUX has-session 2>/dev/null; then
+	echo "parse error left a stray server" >&2
+	exit 1
+fi
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-command-alias.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# command-alias expansion, against a running server and at server start.
+#
+# An alias replaces a command name with parsed command text; arguments after the
+# alias name are appended to the last command of the expansion. This covers a
+# single-command alias, a multi-command alias, argument appending, a built-in
+# default alias, and aliases that are defined and used as the server starts
+# (both from the startup config and from the client command line that starts
+# the server).
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+CONF=$(mktemp)
+trap "rm -f $CONF" 0 1 15
+
+wait_gone() {
+	i=0
+	while $TMUX has-session 2>/dev/null; do
+		sleep 0.05
+		i=$((i + 1))
+		[ $i -gt 100 ] && break
+	done
+}
+
+# --- Against a running server. ---------------------------------------------
+$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d -swork -nbase 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+
+# Single-command alias.
+$TMUX split-window -dt work || exit 1
+$TMUX set -s command-alias[200] 'zoomit=resize-pane -Z' || exit 1
+$TMUX zoomit -t work:.0 || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t work '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" = 1 ] || {
+	echo "single-command alias did not zoom" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# Multi-command alias: both commands run.
+$TMUX set -s command-alias[201] 'twowin=new-window -dn AA ; new-window -dn BB' || exit 1
+$TMUX run-shell -C 'twowin' || exit 1
+got=$($TMUX list-windows -t work -F '#{window_name}' | tr '\n' ',')
+[ "$got" = "base,AA,BB," ] || { echo "multi-command alias: got [$got]" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# Arguments after the alias name are appended to the expansion.
+$TMUX set -s command-alias[202] 'namewin=new-window -d -n' || exit 1
+$TMUX run-shell -C 'namewin CC' || exit 1
+$TMUX list-windows -t work -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx CC || {
+	echo "alias argument append did not create window CC" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+# A built-in default alias (splitp -> split-window).
+before=$($TMUX list-panes -t work | wc -l)
+$TMUX run-shell -C 'splitp -d -t work' || exit 1
+after=$($TMUX list-panes -t work | wc -l)
+[ "$after" -gt "$before" ] || { echo "built-in alias splitp did not split" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+wait_gone
+
+# --- At server start: alias defined and used in the startup config. --------
+cat <<'EOF' >$CONF
+set -s command-alias[100] greet='set -g @g started'
+set -s command-alias[101] mkwins='new-window -dn SW1 ; new-window -dn SW2'
+new-session -d -swork -nbase
+greet
+mkwins
+EOF
+$TMUX -f$CONF start 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @g)" = started ] || { echo "startup-config alias did not run" >&2; exit 1; }
+got=$($TMUX list-windows -t work -F '#{window_name}' | tr '\n' ',')
+[ "$got" = "base,SW1,SW2," ] || { echo "startup-config multi alias: got [$got]" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+wait_gone
+
+# --- At server start: alias from config, used on the command line that starts
+#     the server. ---------------------------------------------------------
+cat <<'EOF' >$CONF
+set -s command-alias[100] greet='set -g @g argv'
+EOF
+$TMUX -f$CONF new-session -d -swork \; greet 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @g)" = argv ] || { echo "argv-start alias did not run" >&2; exit 1; }
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-invoke-deferred.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Deferred command callbacks.
+#
+# Several commands store a parsed tree and invoke it later through
+# cmd_invoke_get: if-shell (then/else, sync and background), run-shell -C, and -
+# once a key is pressed by an attached client - a key binding, confirm-before and
+# command-prompt. The headless cases run directly on the inner server; the
+# client cases use the nested-tmux pattern from prompt-mechanics.sh: an outer
+# server hosts the inner client in a pane and keys are injected with send-keys.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+OUT="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+IN="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest2 -f/dev/null"
+
+$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null
+$IN kill-server 2>/dev/null
+trap "$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null; $IN kill-server 2>/dev/null" 0 1 15
+
+fail() { echo "[FAIL] $1" >&2; exit 1; }
+settle() { sleep 0.5; }
+
+CONF=$(mktemp)
+trap "rm -f $CONF; $OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null; $IN kill-server 2>/dev/null" 0 1 15
+
+# --- Headless deferred callbacks: no client needed. ------------------------
+$IN new -d -x80 -y23 -nbase "sh -c 'exec sleep 1000'" || exit 1
+$IN set -g status on || exit 1
+$IN set -g status-keys emacs || exit 1
+$IN set -g window-size manual || exit 1
+
+$IN if-shell true 'set -g @t then' 'set -g @t else' || exit 1
+[ "$($IN show -gv @t)" = then ] || fail "if-shell true ran wrong branch"
+$IN if-shell false 'set -g @f then' 'set -g @f else' || exit 1
+[ "$($IN show -gv @f)" = else ] || fail "if-shell false ran wrong branch"
+
+# Background (-b) if-shell evaluates its condition in a shell asynchronously.
+$IN if-shell -b 'true' 'set -g @b yes' 'set -g @b no' || exit 1
+settle
+[ "$($IN show -gv @b)" = yes ] || fail "background if-shell ran wrong branch"
+
+# A multi-command then-body runs both commands.
+$IN if-shell true 'new-window -dn IF1 ; new-window -dn IF2' '' || exit 1
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx IF1 || fail "if-shell body cmd1 missing"
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx IF2 || fail "if-shell body cmd2 missing"
+
+# run-shell -C invokes its argument as tmux commands.
+$IN run-shell -C 'set -g @rc ran' || exit 1
+[ "$($IN show -gv @rc)" = ran ] || fail "run-shell -C did not run command"
+
+# --- Client deferred callbacks: key binding, confirm-before, command-prompt. -
+$IN bind -n M-c confirm-before -p '(ok) ' 'set -g @cb confirmed' || exit 1
+$IN bind -n M-d command-prompt -I pre -p '(cmd) ' 'set -g @cp %%' || exit 1
+# A brace body must come through the lexer, so bind it from a config.
+cat <<'EOF' >$CONF
+bind -n M-k { new-window -dn K1 ; new-window -dn K2 }
+EOF
+$IN source-file $CONF || exit 1
+
+$OUT new -d -x80 -y24 || exit 1
+$OUT set -g status off || exit 1
+$OUT set -g window-size manual || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys -l "$IN attach" || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys Enter || exit 1
+sleep 1
+
+# Key binding with a stored multi-command body fires on keypress.
+$OUT send-keys M-k || exit 1
+settle
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx K1 || fail "key binding body cmd1 missing"
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx K2 || fail "key binding body cmd2 missing"
+
+# confirm-before runs its command only when confirmed.
+$IN set -g @cb none || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys M-c || exit 1
+settle
+$OUT capture-pane -p | tail -1 | grep -qF '(ok)' || fail "confirm-before prompt not shown"
+$OUT send-keys n || exit 1
+settle
+[ "$($IN show -gv @cb)" = none ] || fail "confirm-before ran command after 'n'"
+$OUT send-keys M-c || exit 1
+settle
+$OUT send-keys y || exit 1
+settle
+[ "$($IN show -gv @cb)" = confirmed ] || fail "confirm-before did not run command after 'y'"
+
+# command-prompt feeds the typed line (with -I prefill) into its template.
+$IN set -g @cp none || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys M-d || exit 1
+settle
+$OUT capture-pane -p | tail -1 | grep -qF '(cmd)' || fail "command-prompt not shown"
+$OUT send-keys -l X || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys Enter || exit 1
+settle
+[ "$($IN show -gv @cp)" = preX ] || fail "command-prompt recovered '$($IN show -gv @cp)'"
+
+$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null
+$IN kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-invoke-expand.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Invoke-time expansion and conditionals.
+#
+# The parser builds syntax only; environment/tilde expansion, assignments and
+# %if/%elif/%else are all evaluated when the tree is invoked. This drives every
+# one of those through a single config and checks the resulting option values:
+#   - FOO=bar assignments set the environment, read back with ${FOO} and $FOO
+#   - %hidden assignments behave the same
+#   - ~ expands to the home directory
+#   - %if / %elif / %else selects the correct branch
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+CONF=$(mktemp)
+trap "rm -f $CONF" 0 1 15
+
+cat <<'EOF' >$CONF
+FOO=hello
+set -g @assign "${FOO}"
+set -g @dollar "$FOO"
+%hidden BAR=secret
+set -g @hidden "${BAR}"
+set -g @undef "x${NOSUCHVAR_ZZZ}y"
+set -g @tilde ~
+set -g @baduser ~nosuchuser_zzz9
+%if 1
+set -g @iftrue then
+%else
+set -g @iftrue else
+%endif
+%if 0
+set -g @iffalse then
+%else
+set -g @iffalse else
+%endif
+%if 0
+set -g @elif a
+%elif 1
+set -g @elif b
+%else
+set -g @elif c
+%endif
+EOF
+
+$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+$TMUX source-file $CONF || exit 1
+
+check() {
+	got=$($TMUX show -gv "$1")
+	[ "$got" = "$2" ] || { echo "$1: got [$got] expected [$2]" >&2; exit 1; }
+}
+check @assign hello
+check @dollar hello
+check @hidden secret
+check @undef xy			# undefined environment variable expands to nothing
+check @baduser ""		# unknown user in ~user expands to nothing
+check @iftrue then
+check @iffalse else
+check @elif b
+
+# ~ expands to an absolute home directory (value is machine dependent).
+tilde=$($TMUX show -gv @tilde)
+case "$tilde" in
+/*) ;;
+*) echo "@tilde did not expand to an absolute path: [$tilde]" >&2; exit 1;;
+esac
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-invoke-failure-scope.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Command failure scope.
+#
+# Failure scope is the active sequence (CMD_PARSE_SEQUENCE): commands joined by
+# ';' share one scope, so a failure skips the rest of that sequence; commands on
+# separate lines are independent sequences and are not skipped. After a failed
+# inner brace the enclosing sequence still resumes.
+#
+# Each case below creates windows around a deliberately invalid command and the
+# resulting window list shows exactly which commands ran.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+TMP=$(mktemp)
+CONF=$(mktemp)
+trap "rm -f $TMP $CONF" 0 1 15
+
+# kill-server is asynchronous, so wait for the old server to actually exit
+# before starting a fresh one (otherwise the next start races a dying server).
+fresh_server() {
+	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+	i=0
+	while $TMUX list-sessions >/dev/null 2>&1; do
+		sleep 0.05
+		i=$((i + 1))
+		[ $i -gt 100 ] && break
+	done
+	$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d -swork -nbase || exit 1
+}
+
+# $1 label, $2 config body, $3 expected comma-separated window list.
+run() {
+	fresh_server
+	printf '%s\n' "$2" >$CONF
+	$TMUX source-file $CONF >/dev/null 2>&1
+	got=$($TMUX list-windows -t work -F '#{window_name}' | tr '\n' ',')
+	if [ "$got" != "$3" ]; then
+		echo "$1: got [$got] expected [$3]" >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+# ';' sequence in a brace body: A runs, the bad command skips B (same sequence),
+# the outer sequence resumes so C runs.
+run "semicolon body" 'if-shell true { new-window -dn A ; nonexistent_cmd ; new-window -dn B }
+new-window -dn C' 'base,A,C,'
+
+# Newlines are independent sequences: the bad command skips only itself, so both
+# B and C still run.
+run "newline body" 'if-shell true {
+  new-window -dn A
+  nonexistent_cmd
+  new-window -dn B
+}
+new-window -dn C' 'base,A,B,C,'
+
+# Top-level ';' sequence: failure skips the rest of the line.
+run "top-level semicolon" 'new-window -dn A ; nonexistent_cmd ; new-window -dn B' 'base,A,'
+
+# Top-level newlines: independent, both run.
+run "top-level newline" 'new-window -dn A
+nonexistent_cmd
+new-window -dn B' 'base,A,B,'
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-invoke-hooks.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Hooks run stored command trees.
+#
+# A hook stores a parsed command tree that is invoked through cmd_invoke_get when
+# the hook fires. Covers a single-command hook, a multi-entry hook array (every
+# entry fires), and that show-hooks prints the stored commands back.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d -sfirst -nbase 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+
+# Single-command hook fires on session creation.
+$TMUX set-hook -g session-created 'set -g @hook done' || exit 1
+$TMUX new-session -d -ssecond || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @hook)" = done ] || {
+	echo "single-command hook did not fire" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# A hook array fires every entry.
+$TMUX set-hook -g session-created[10] 'new-window -dn H1' || exit 1
+$TMUX set-hook -g session-created[11] 'set -g @hook2 two' || exit 1
+$TMUX new-session -d -sthird || exit 1
+[ "$($TMUX show -gv @hook2)" = two ] || {
+	echo "hook array entry 11 did not fire" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+echo "$($TMUX list-windows -t third -F '#{window_name}')" | grep -qx H1 || {
+	echo "hook array entry 10 did not create window" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# show-hooks prints the stored hook commands.
+$TMUX show-hooks -g | grep -q 'session-created.* set -g @hook done' || {
+	echo "show-hooks did not print stored hook command" >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-invoke-readonly.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Read-only client enforcement.
+#
+# When the invoking client is read-only, cmd_invoke builds each command and
+# rejects it (without running it) unless the command entry is marked read-only.
+# A read-only client is created by attaching with -r; the nested-tmux pattern
+# from cmd-invoke-deferred.sh is used so a real read-only client presses a key.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+OUT="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+IN="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest2 -f/dev/null"
+
+$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null
+$IN kill-server 2>/dev/null
+trap "$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null; $IN kill-server 2>/dev/null" 0 1 15
+
+fail() { echo "[FAIL] $1" >&2; exit 1; }
+settle() { sleep 0.5; }
+
+# Inner session: a key bound to a non-read-only command.
+$IN new -d -x80 -y23 -nbase "sh -c 'exec sleep 1000'" || exit 1
+$IN set -g status on || exit 1
+$IN set -g status-keys emacs || exit 1
+$IN set -g window-size manual || exit 1
+$IN bind -n M-w new-window -dn ROTRY || exit 1
+
+# Outer session hosts the inner client, attached read-only with -r.
+$OUT new -d -x80 -y24 || exit 1
+$OUT set -g status off || exit 1
+$OUT set -g window-size manual || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys -l "$IN attach -r" || exit 1
+$OUT send-keys Enter || exit 1
+sleep 1
+
+[ "$($IN list-clients -F '#{client_readonly}')" = 1 ] || fail "client is not read-only"
+
+# Pressing the key runs new-window through the read-only client: it must be
+# rejected, leave no window, and report the error.
+$OUT send-keys M-w || exit 1
+settle
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx ROTRY && \
+	fail "read-only client was allowed to create a window"
+$OUT capture-pane -p | grep -qi 'read-only' || fail "no read-only error was shown"
+
+# Positive control: the same command with no client is not read-only and runs,
+# proving the command itself is valid and only the read-only client blocked it.
+$IN new-window -dn OKWIN || exit 1
+$IN list-windows -F '#{window_name}' | grep -qx OKWIN || fail "control new-window did not run"
+
+$OUT kill-server 2>/dev/null
+$IN kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-parse-errors.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Malformed input rejection and crash/leak canary.
+#
+# Each input below is a syntax error. For every one we require that:
+#   - parsing reports failure (non-zero exit), and
+#   - the server is still alive afterwards (a follow-up command succeeds).
+# The second check is the important one: a parser that crashes or corrupts state
+# on bad input would take the server down here.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+
+n=0
+check() {
+	n=$((n + 1))
+	# Expect a parse failure.
+	if $TMUX run-shell -C "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo "case $n: expected failure but succeeded: $1" >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+	# Expect the server to still be responsive.
+	if ! $TMUX list-sessions >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+		echo "case $n: server died after: $1" >&2
+		exit 1
+	fi
+}
+
+check 'if-shell true {'			# unterminated brace body
+check 'display-message a }'		# stray close brace
+check 'if-shell true { display-message a'	# unclosed nested brace
+check 'if-shell true { ; }'		# empty sequence in body
+check '%elif 1'				# %elif with no %if
+check '%endif'				# %endif with no %if
+check '%zzz'				# unknown % directive
+check '; display-message a'		# leading separator
+input='%if 1
+display-message a'
+check "$input"				# unterminated %if
+input='%if 1
+%endif'
+check "$input"				# empty %if body
+
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+exit 0

regress/cmd-parse-print.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+
+# Parse/print golden suite for the command parser.
+#
+# Binds a spread of command syntax forms into a dedicated key table, then prints
+# them back with list-keys (which calls cmd_parse_print on the stored tree). A
+# command-valued option is printed too. Three things are checked:
+#   - the default (single line) form is byte-for-byte as expected: quoting,
+#     escaped \; separators, inline braces, and preservation of unexpanded
+#     ${env}, ~ and #{format} inside stored bodies;
+#   - the -p (multiline) form is as expected;
+#   - the default form round-trips: sourcing it again reproduces the same keys.
+
+PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+TERM=screen
+
+[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
+SOCKET=$(mktemp -u testXXXXXX)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -L$SOCKET -f/dev/null"
+TMUX2=
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+TMP=$(mktemp)
+CONF=$(mktemp)
+EXP=$(mktemp)
+RT1=$(mktemp)
+RT2=$(mktemp)
+trap "[ -n \"\$TMUX\" ] && \$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null; [ -n \"\$TMUX2\" ] && \$TMUX2 kill-server 2>/dev/null; rm -f $TMP $CONF $EXP $RT1 $RT2" 0 1 15
+
+cat <<'EOF' >$CONF
+bind -T parsetest a display-message hello
+bind -T parsetest b display-message "hello world"
+bind -T parsetest c display-message 'literal $HOME #{p} ~'
+bind -T parsetest d display-message ""
+bind -T parsetest e display-message "#{pane_id}"
+bind -T parsetest f display-message a \; display-message b
+bind -T parsetest g {
+  display-message one
+  display-message two
+}
+bind -T parsetest h if-shell true { display-message yes } { display-message no }
+bind -T parsetest m if-shell true { display-message "${HOME}" "~" "~root" "#{pane_id}" }
+bind -T parsetest n if-shell true { display-message "a\nb" "x;y" '#literal' }
+EOF
+
+# Expected output. The default form is single line (round-trippable); the -p
+# form is multiline, with lines inside braced bodies indented by a single tab.
+cat <<'EOF' >$EXP
+bind-key  -T parsetest a display-message hello
+bind-key  -T parsetest b display-message 'hello world'
+bind-key  -T parsetest c display-message 'literal $HOME #{p} ~'
+bind-key  -T parsetest d display-message ''
+bind-key  -T parsetest e display-message '#{pane_id}'
+bind-key  -T parsetest f display-message a \; display-message b
+bind-key  -T parsetest g display-message one \; display-message two
+bind-key  -T parsetest h if-shell true { display-message yes } { display-message no }
+bind-key  -T parsetest m if-shell true { display-message ${HOME} ~ ~root '#{pane_id}' }
+bind-key  -T parsetest n if-shell true { display-message a\nb 'x;y' '#literal' }
+--- options ---
+display-message 'hi there'
+--- multiline ---
+bind-key -T parsetest a display-message hello
+bind-key -T parsetest b display-message 'hello world'
+bind-key -T parsetest c display-message 'literal $HOME #{p} ~'
+bind-key -T parsetest d display-message ''
+bind-key -T parsetest e display-message '#{pane_id}'
+bind-key -T parsetest f display-message a \; display-message b
+bind-key -T parsetest g display-message one
+display-message two
+bind-key -T parsetest h if-shell true {
+	display-message yes
+} {
+	display-message no
+}
+bind-key -T parsetest m if-shell true {
+	display-message ${HOME} ~ ~root '#{pane_id}'
+}
+bind-key -T parsetest n if-shell true {
+	display-message a\nb 'x;y' '#literal'
+}
+EOF
+
+$TMUX -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+$TMUX source-file $CONF || exit 1
+$TMUX set -g default-client-command 'display-message "hi there"' || exit 1
+
+set +x
+{
+	$TMUX list-keys -T parsetest
+	echo "--- options ---"
+	$TMUX show -gv default-client-command
+	echo "--- multiline ---"
+	$TMUX list-keys -p -T parsetest
+} >$TMP 2>&1 || exit 1
+set -x
+
+cmp -s $TMP $EXP || {
+	echo "cmd-parse-print: output differs from expected" >&2
+	diff -u $EXP $TMP >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+# Round-trip: the default form re-sourced into a fresh server must reproduce the
+# identical key list.
+$TMUX list-keys -T parsetest >$RT1 || exit 1
+$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
+SOCKET2=$(mktemp -u testXXXXXX)
+TMUX2="$TEST_TMUX -L$SOCKET2 -f/dev/null"
+$TMUX2 -f/dev/null start \; new-session -d 2>/dev/null || exit 1
+$TMUX2 source-file $RT1 || exit 1
+$TMUX2 list-keys -T parsetest >$RT2 || exit 1
+$TMUX2 kill-server 2>/dev/null
+
+cmp -s $RT1 $RT2 || {
+	echo "cmd-parse-print: default form does not round-trip" >&2
+	diff -u $RT1 $RT2 >&2
+	exit 1
+}
+
+exit 0

regress/codepoint-widths.sh

@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Width cache ranges must include their endpoint without overflowing wchar_t.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-SERVER=
-WATCHDOG=
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	if [ -n "$WATCHDOG" ]; then
-		kill "$WATCHDOG" 2>/dev/null
-		wait "$WATCHDOG" 2>/dev/null
-	fi
-	[ -n "$SERVER" ] && kill -9 "$SERVER" 2>/dev/null
-}
-trap cleanup 0
-trap 'exit 1' 1 2 15
-
-$TMUX new-session -d 'exec sleep 60' || exit 1
-SERVER=$($TMUX display-message -p '#{pid}') || exit 1
-
-# kill-server cannot stop a server stuck rebuilding the width cache.
-(
-	sleep 5
-	kill -9 "$SERVER" 2>/dev/null
-) &
-WATCHDOG=$!
-
-$TMUX set -g codepoint-widths 'U+1F600=2' || exit 1
-
-# Cover both signed and unsigned 32-bit wchar_t. Values above WCHAR_MAX
-# are ignored by the parser on platforms where they cannot be represented.
-for value in U+7FFFFFFF=1 U+7FFFFFFE-U+7FFFFFFF=2 \
-    U+FFFFFFFF=1 U+FFFFFFFE-U+FFFFFFFF=2; do
-	$TMUX set -g codepoint-widths "$value" || exit 1
-	[ "$($TMUX display-message -p alive)" = alive ] || exit 1
-done
-
-# Check that an ordinary range still includes both endpoints and stops there.
-$TMUX set -g codepoint-widths 'U+03B1-U+03B3=2' || exit 1
-$TMUX set -g @text 'αβγδ' || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p '#{w:@text}')" = 7 ] || exit 1
-$TMUX set -gu codepoint-widths || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p '#{w:@text}')" = 4 ] || exit 1
-
-$TMUX kill-server || exit 1
-SERVER=
-exit 0

regress/confirm-before-lock.sh

@@ -1,150 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Exercise confirm-before's waiting and background callbacks, custom keys and
-# prompts, default-yes handling and errors. Also cover all three lock command
-# entry points with a harmless lock-command which leaves a marker.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-TMUX_TMPDIR=$DIR
-export TMUX_TMPDIR
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestI$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestO$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-capture()
-{
-	$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 2>/dev/null
-}
-
-wait_capture()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		captured=$(capture)
-		printf '%s\n' "$captured" | grep -Fq "$marker" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "timed out waiting for '$marker'"
-}
-
-wait_option()
-{
-	want=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		got=$($INNER show-option -gqv @confirmed 2>/dev/null)
-		[ "$got" = "$want" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "@confirmed is '$got', expected '$want'"
-}
-
-wait_file()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		[ -f "$marker" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "lock command did not create $marker"
-}
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s test -x80 -y24 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status on || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status-position bottom || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x80 -y24 "$INNER attach -t test" || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-sleep 1
-
-client=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}')
-[ -n "$client" ] || fail "inner client did not attach"
-
-$INNER bind-key -n M-a confirm-before \
-	'set-option -g @confirmed accepted' || exit 1
-$INNER bind-key -n M-b confirm-before -b -p 'Background?' \
-	'set-option -g @confirmed background' || exit 1
-$INNER bind-key -n M-c confirm-before -c x -p 'Custom?' \
-	'set-option -g @confirmed custom' || exit 1
-$INNER bind-key -n M-y confirm-before -y -p 'Default?' \
-	'set-option -g @confirmed default' || exit 1
-
-# A non-confirming response closes the waiting prompt without running its
-# command; reopening and accepting inserts the command after the waiting item.
-$INNER set-option -g @confirmed sentinel || exit 1
-$OUTER send-keys M-a || exit 1
-wait_capture "Confirm 'set-option'? (y/n)"
-$OUTER send-keys n || exit 1
-sleep 0.2
-wait_option sentinel
-$OUTER send-keys M-a || exit 1
-wait_capture "Confirm 'set-option'? (y/n)"
-$OUTER send-keys y || exit 1
-wait_option accepted
-
-# -b has no waiting queue item and appends its command to the client queue.
-$OUTER send-keys M-b || exit 1
-wait_capture 'Background?'
-$OUTER send-keys y || exit 1
-wait_option background
-
-# A custom printable key is accepted, and -y makes Enter affirmative.
-$OUTER send-keys M-c || exit 1
-wait_capture 'Custom?'
-$OUTER send-keys x || exit 1
-wait_option custom
-$OUTER send-keys M-y || exit 1
-wait_capture 'Default?'
-$OUTER send-keys Enter || exit 1
-wait_option default
-
-# Reject invalid multi-character and control confirmation keys.
-if $INNER confirm-before -b -t "$client" -c xx 'display-message x' \
-    >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	fail "multi-character confirm key was accepted"
-fi
-if $INNER confirm-before -b -t "$client" -c "$(printf '\001')" \
-    'display-message x' >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-	fail "control confirm key was accepted"
-fi
-
-# lock-client, lock-session and lock-server all send lock-command to the real
-# attached client. The command returns immediately and unlocks the client.
-for kind in client session server; do
-	marker="$DIR/locked-$kind"
-	$INNER set-option -t test lock-command "printf locked >$marker" || exit 1
-	case "$kind" in
-	client) $INNER lock-client -t "$client" || exit 1 ;;
-	session) $INNER lock-session -t test || exit 1 ;;
-	server) $INNER lock-server || exit 1 ;;
-	esac
-	wait_file "$marker"
-done
-
-$INNER has-session -t test || fail "server died during prompt or lock tests"
-exit 0

regress/control-client-exit-stalled.sh

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
 TERM=screen
 
 [ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest$$"
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest"
 $TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
 
 DIR=$(mktemp -d)

regress/control-client-exit.sh

@@ -19,7 +19,8 @@ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
 TERM=screen
 
 [ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest$$"
+SOCKET=$(mktemp -u testXXXXXX)
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -L$SOCKET"
 $TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
 
 DIR=$(mktemp -d)

regress/control-client-new-layouts.sh

@@ -1,123 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Check that control client flags are available in every format expansion path
-# used to produce layouts. The layout strings themselves are tested separately.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-LANG=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL LANG
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-FIFO=$DIR/input
-OUT=$DIR/output
-CFG=$DIR/flags.conf
-PID=
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	exec 3>&-
-	[ -n "$PID" ] && kill "$PID" 2>/dev/null
-	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup EXIT
-
-wait_for()
-{
-	pattern=$1
-	i=0
-
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		grep -F -- "$pattern" "$OUT" >/dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
-		if [ -n "$PID" ] && ! kill -0 "$PID" 2>/dev/null; then
-			fail "control client exited waiting for: $pattern"
-		fi
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "missing: $pattern"
-}
-
-send()
-{
-	printf '%s\n' "$*" >&3
-}
-
-check_commands()
-{
-	name=$1
-	expected=$2
-	match='#{m:*new-layouts*,#{client_flags}}'
-
-	send "display-message -p 'DISPLAY-$name $match'"
-	wait_for "DISPLAY-$name $expected"
-	send "list-panes -F 'PANES-$name $match'"
-	wait_for "PANES-$name $expected"
-	send "list-windows -F 'WINDOWS-$name $match'"
-	wait_for "WINDOWS-$name $expected"
-	send "list-sessions -F 'SESSIONS-$name $match'"
-	wait_for "SESSIONS-$name $expected"
-	send "list-clients -F 'CLIENTS-$name $match'"
-	wait_for "CLIENTS-$name $expected"
-}
-
-check_config()
-{
-	name=$1
-	expected=$2
-
-	send "source-file '$CFG'"
-	send "display-message -p 'CONFIG-$name #{@config-new-layouts}'"
-	wait_for "CONFIG-$name $expected"
-}
-
-cat >"$CFG" <<'EOF'
-%if #{m:*new-layouts*,#{client_flags}}
-set-option -g @config-new-layouts 1
-%else
-set-option -g @config-new-layouts 0
-%endif
-EOF
-
-$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-$TMUX new-session -d -s layouts -x 80 -y 24 || exit 1
-$TMUX split-window -h -t layouts: || exit 1
-
-mkfifo "$FIFO" || exit 1
-: >"$OUT"
-$TMUX -C attach-session -t layouts <"$FIFO" >"$OUT" 2>&1 &
-PID=$!
-exec 3>"$FIFO"
-
-send 'display-message -p READY'
-wait_for READY
-
-check_commands OFF 0
-check_config OFF 0
-
-send 'refresh-client -f new-layouts'
-check_commands ON 1
-check_config ON 1
-
-send 'refresh-client -f !new-layouts'
-check_commands OFF-AGAIN 0
-check_config OFF-AGAIN 0
-
-# The list commands also run for unattached command clients. Supplying that
-# client to formats must not make the session loop dereference a NULL session.
-$TMUX list-sessions -F '#{S:all,active}' >/dev/null ||
-	fail "session loop failed for unattached command client"
-$TMUX has-session -t layouts || fail "server exited"
-
-exit 0

regress/control-client-popup.sh

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Popups require an attached terminal and cannot be displayed by a control
-# client.
-# A popup command from control mode must be ignored cleanly, leaving the
-# client command queue and server usable.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-export PATH TERM
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-FIFO=$DIR/input
-OUT=$DIR/output
-RAN=$DIR/popup-ran
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	exec 3>&-
-	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-mkfifo "$FIFO" || exit 1
-$TMUX new-session -d -s control -x40 -y10 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$TMUX -C attach-session -t control <"$FIFO" >"$OUT" 2>&1 &
-control_pid=$!
-exec 3>"$FIFO"
-
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	$TMUX list-clients -F '#{client_flags}' 2>/dev/null |
-	    grep -q 'control-mode' && break
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "control client did not attach"
-
-printf '%s\n' "display-popup -E 'touch $RAN'" >&3
-printf '%s\n' "display-message -p CONTROL-POPUP-ALIVE" >&3
-
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	grep -q 'CONTROL-POPUP-ALIVE' "$OUT" 2>/dev/null && break
-	if ! kill -0 "$control_pid" 2>/dev/null; then
-		fail "control client exited after display-popup"
-	fi
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "command after control-client popup did not run"
-$TMUX has-session -t control || fail "server exited after control-client popup"
-[ ! -e "$RAN" ] || fail "control client started a popup command"
-
-exit 0

regress/control-client-run-shell-exit.sh

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# A waited run-shell command can complete after a control client has closed its
-# input and exited. The command queue still references the client until the job
-# callback runs, but control_stop has already destroyed c->control_state. Late
-# command output must be discarded instead of dereferencing the stopped control
-# state and killing the server.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest$$"
-$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-
-OUT=$(mktemp)
-trap "$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null; rm -f $OUT" 0 1 15
-
-$TMUX -f/dev/null new-session -d -s main || exit 1
-
-printf '%s\n' 'run-shell "sleep 0.2; echo TEST"' |
-	$TMUX -f/dev/null -C >"$OUT" 2>&1
-
-sleep 1
-
-$TMUX has-session -t main 2>/dev/null || {
-	echo "server exited after late run-shell output"
-	cat "$OUT"
-	exit 1
-}
-
-grep -q '^%exit' "$OUT" || {
-	echo "control client did not exit"
-	cat "$OUT"
-	exit 1
-}
-
-exit 0

regress/control-client-sanity.sh

@@ -30,11 +30,8 @@ killw
 EOF
 sleep 1
 $TMUX has || exit 1
-# Use a control client to request legacy layouts, keeping only pane lines
-# from the control protocol output.
-$TMUX -C lsp -aF '#{pane_id} #{window_layout}' |
-	grep '^%[0-9]' >$TMP || exit 1
-cat <<EOF|cmp $TMP - || exit 1
+$TMUX lsp -aF '#{pane_id} #{window_layout}' >$TMP || exit 1
+cat <<EOF|cmp -s $TMP - || exit 1
 %0 f5ab,200x200,0,0[200x50,0,0,0,200x149,0,51,3]
 %3 f5ab,200x200,0,0[200x50,0,0,0,200x149,0,51,3]
 %2 dcbd,200x200,0,0[200x100,0,0,2,200x99,0,101,4]

regress/control-client-wait-exit.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
 TERM=screen
 
 [ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest$$"
+TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest"
 $TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
 
 FIFO=$(mktemp -u)

regress/copy-mode-commands.sh

@@ -1,253 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Exercise the broad non-mouse copy-mode command surface: navigation, search,
-# jumps, state toggles, line/end-of-line copies, append, and pipe variants.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-TMUX_TMPDIR=$DIR
-export TMUX_TMPDIR
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -Ltest$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-x()
-{
-	$TMUX send-keys -t copy:0 -X "$@" || fail "copy command failed: $*"
-}
-
-wait_mode()
-{
-	want=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		got=$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 '#{pane_in_mode}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ "$got" = "$want" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "pane_in_mode is '$got', expected '$want'"
-}
-
-fresh()
-{
-	$TMUX copy-mode -t copy:0 || exit 1
-	wait_mode 1
-	x history-top
-	x start-of-line
-}
-
-select_text()
-{
-	fresh
-	x begin-selection
-	x cursor-right
-	x cursor-right
-}
-
-$TMUX new-session -d -s copy -x40 -y8 \
-    "sh -c 'i=0; while [ \$i -lt 40 ]; do printf \"  line-%02d needle (a[b]c) end\\n\" \$i; i=\$((i + 1)); done; printf \"\\nparagraph two needle\\n\\nparagraph three\\n\"; printf \"\\033]133;A\\007prompt-one\\n\\033]133;C\\007output-one\\n\\033]133;A\\007prompt-two\\n\\033]133;C\\007output-two\\n\"; exec sleep 100'" ||
-	exit 1
-$TMUX set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$TMUX set-option -g history-limit 200 || exit 1
-
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	history=$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 '#{history_size}')
-	[ "$history" -ge 30 ] && break
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "history did not fill"
-
-fresh
-
-# Copy-mode-specific format callbacks expose the word, line, hyperlink and
-# active search match at the cursor.
-formats=$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 \
-    '#{copy_cursor_word}|#{copy_cursor_line}|#{copy_cursor_hyperlink}|#{search_match}') ||
-	exit 1
-[ -n "$formats" ] || fail "copy-mode cursor formats were empty"
-
-# Cursor, viewport and paragraph commands. Each is asserted by successful
-# dispatch and the final mode-liveness check; detailed word/selection geometry
-# is covered by the existing copy-mode tests.
-for command in back-to-indentation bottom-line top-line middle-line \
-    cursor-centre-vertical cursor-centre-horizontal end-of-line history-bottom \
-    history-top halfpage-down halfpage-up page-down page-up next-paragraph \
-    previous-paragraph next-matching-bracket previous-matching-bracket; do
-	x "$command"
-done
-x goto-line 15
-x set-mark
-x cursor-down
-x jump-to-mark
-
-# OSC 133 prompt and output markers support shell-integration navigation.
-x history-top
-x next-prompt
-case "$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 '#{copy_cursor_line}')" in
-*prompt-one*) ;;
-*) fail "next-prompt did not find prompt-one" ;;
-esac
-x next-prompt
-x previous-prompt
-case "$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 '#{copy_cursor_line}')" in
-*prompt-one*) ;;
-*) fail "previous-prompt did not return to prompt-one" ;;
-esac
-x next-prompt -o
-case "$($TMUX display-message -p -t copy:0 '#{copy_cursor_line}')" in
-*output-one*) ;;
-*) fail "next-prompt -o did not find output-one" ;;
-esac
-
-# Character jumps remember their direction and character for repeat/reverse.
-x jump-forward e
-x jump-again
-x jump-reverse
-x jump-backward e
-x jump-to-forward e
-x jump-to-backward e
-
-# Direct, text and incremental searches cover both directions and the saved
-# search used by again/reverse.
-x search-forward needle
-x search-again
-x search-reverse
-x search-backward needle
-x search-forward-text needle
-x search-backward-text needle
-x search-forward-incremental '=needle'
-x search-forward-incremental '+needle'
-x search-backward-incremental '=needle'
-x search-backward-incremental '-needle'
-
-# Stateful display and behaviour toggles.
-for command in rectangle-on rectangle-off rectangle-toggle \
-    line-numbers-on line-numbers-off line-numbers-toggle \
-    refresh-on refresh-now refresh-off refresh-toggle \
-    scroll-exit-on scroll-exit-off scroll-exit-toggle toggle-position; do
-	x "$command"
-done
-wait_mode 1
-x cancel
-wait_mode 0
-
-# Line and end-of-line copy commands work without an explicit selection.
-fresh
-x select-line
-x copy-selection-and-cancel
-case "$($TMUX show-buffer)" in
-*line-00*) ;;
-*) fail "select-line did not select the current line" ;;
-esac
-
-fresh
-x copy-line
-[ -n "$($TMUX show-buffer)" ] || fail "copy-line produced an empty buffer"
-x cancel
-
-fresh
-x copy-end-of-line
-[ -n "$($TMUX show-buffer)" ] || fail "copy-end-of-line produced an empty buffer"
-x cancel
-
-# Append variants retain or close the mode as advertised.
-$TMUX set-buffer -b append-buffer prefix || exit 1
-select_text
-x append-selection
-appended=$($TMUX show-buffer -b append-buffer)
-case "$appended" in
-prefix*) ;;
-*) fail "append-selection produced '$appended'" ;;
-esac
-x cancel
-
-$TMUX set-buffer -b append-cancel-buffer prefix || exit 1
-select_text
-x append-selection-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-appended=$($TMUX show-buffer -b append-cancel-buffer)
-case "$appended" in
-prefix*) ;;
-*) fail "append-selection-and-cancel produced '$appended'" ;;
-esac
-
-# The explicit cancel variants close copy mode.
-fresh
-x copy-line-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-fresh
-x copy-end-of-line-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-select_text
-x copy-selection-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-
-# Pipe wrappers have distinct command handlers. /dev/null keeps the test
-# deterministic while exercising asynchronous pipe job creation and cleanup.
-fresh
-x copy-pipe-line 'cat >/dev/null'
-x cancel
-fresh
-x copy-pipe-line-and-cancel 'cat >/dev/null'
-wait_mode 0
-fresh
-x copy-pipe-end-of-line 'cat >/dev/null'
-x cancel
-fresh
-x copy-pipe-end-of-line-and-cancel 'cat >/dev/null'
-wait_mode 0
-
-select_text
-x copy-pipe-no-clear 'cat >/dev/null'
-x pipe-no-clear 'cat >/dev/null'
-x copy-pipe 'cat >/dev/null'
-x pipe 'cat >/dev/null'
-x cancel
-select_text
-x copy-pipe-and-cancel 'cat >/dev/null'
-wait_mode 0
-select_text
-x pipe-and-cancel 'cat >/dev/null'
-wait_mode 0
-
-# Commands which cancel on downward movement have separate handlers.
-fresh
-x history-bottom
-x bottom-line
-x cursor-down-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-fresh
-x history-bottom
-x halfpage-down-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-fresh
-x history-bottom
-x page-down-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-fresh
-x history-bottom
-x bottom-line
-x scroll-down-and-cancel
-wait_mode 0
-
-$TMUX has-session -t copy || fail "server died during copy-mode commands"
-exit 0

regress/copy-mode-selection-mode.sh

@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Changing an existing character selection to line mode must reset both ends
-# to complete lines, including when the cursor subsequently crosses the fixed
-# end. An invalid regular-expression search must also discard marks left by a
-# previous successful search.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-$TMUX new-session -d -x30 -y6 \
-	"printf 'alpha\nbeta\ngamma\ndelta\n'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
-$TMUX set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-sleep 1
-
-# A valid regular-expression search creates marks. Replacing it with an
-# invalid expression, growing the mode, and scrolling must not leave an old
-# mark array indexed with the new geometry (the original bug was an ASan heap
-# overflow in this sequence).
-$TMUX copy-mode || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X history-top || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X search-forward beta || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p '#{search_present}')" = 1 ] ||
-	fail "successful search did not create marks"
-$TMUX send-keys -X search-forward '[' || exit 1
-$TMUX resize-window -x40 -y8 || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X scroll-down || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p '#{search_present}')" = 0 ] ||
-	fail "invalid regular expression left stale marks after resize"
-$TMUX send-keys -X cancel || exit 1
-
-# Select part of alpha through part of beta, then change the existing
-# selection to line mode. Both lines, and no partial columns, must be copied.
-$TMUX copy-mode || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X history-top || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -N2 -X cursor-right || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X begin-selection || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X cursor-down || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -N2 -X cursor-right || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X selection-mode line || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p '#{selection_mode}')" = line ] ||
-	fail "selection did not change to line mode"
-$TMUX send-keys -X copy-selection || exit 1
-expected=$(printf 'alpha\nbeta')
-[ "$($TMUX show-buffer)" = "$expected" ] ||
-	fail "line-mode selection did not expand to complete lines"
-
-# Start with the cursor above the fixed end so selection-mode itself takes the
-# reverse-direction path, then extend it through another line.
-$TMUX copy-mode || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X history-top || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -N2 -X cursor-down || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -N2 -X cursor-right || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X begin-selection || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X cursor-up || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -N2 -X cursor-right || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X selection-mode line || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X cursor-up || exit 1
-$TMUX send-keys -X copy-selection || exit 1
-expected=$(printf 'alpha\nbeta\ngamma')
-[ "$($TMUX show-buffer)" = "$expected" ] ||
-	fail "reversed line-mode selection did not keep complete lines"
-
-exit 0

regress/copy-mode-source-blank.sh

@@ -1,63 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Trimming a blank source must leave a visible line for cursor reflow.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-export PATH TERM
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
-}
-trap cleanup 0
-trap 'exit 1' 1 2 3 15
-
-$TMUX new-session -d -x80 -y24 -s test 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$TMUX set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$TMUX new-window -t test:1 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$TMUX resize-window -t test:0 -x20 -y24 || exit 1
-
-# Exercise widening, narrowing, and equal widths with no source history.
-for pair in '0 1' '1 0' '1 2'; do
-	set -- $pair
-	if [ "$2" = 2 ]; then
-		$TMUX new-window -t test:2 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-		$TMUX resize-window -t test:2 -x80 -y24 || exit 1
-	fi
-	source=test:$1.0
-	target=test:$2.0
-	[ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$source" '#{history_size}')" = 0 ] ||
-		fail "source has unexpected history"
-	$TMUX copy-mode -s "$source" -t "$target" || exit 1
-	$TMUX has-session -t test || fail "server died copying blank source"
-	[ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$target" \
-	    '#{pane_in_mode} #{copy_cursor_x} #{copy_cursor_y}')" = '1 0 0' ] ||
-		fail "blank source did not enter copy mode at the first cell"
-	$TMUX send-keys -t "$target" -X cancel || exit 1
-done
-
-# Real content still trims trailing empty lines, clamping the cursor to beta.
-$TMUX respawn-pane -k -t test:0.0 \
-	"printf 'alpha\r\nbeta\r\n\r\n\r\n'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
-i=0
-while [ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t test:0.0 '#{cursor_y}')" != 4 ]; do
-	i=$((i + 1))
-	[ "$i" -lt 10 ] || fail "source output did not arrive"
-	sleep 1
-done
-$TMUX copy-mode -s test:0.0 -t test:1.0 || exit 1
-[ "$($TMUX display-message -p -t test:1.0 \
-    '#{pane_in_mode} #{copy_cursor_y} #{copy_cursor_line}')" = '1 1 beta' ] ||
-	fail "nonblank source content or trailing-line trimming changed"
-
-exit 0

regress/display-panes.sh

@@ -153,13 +153,11 @@ wait_format "$p0" '#{pane_in_mode}' '0'
 wait_option @picked "$p1"
 
 # Commands after display-panes run immediately while the mode remains.
-# Record the mode in the same command queue so client startup cannot race
-# the 500ms timeout.
 $TMUX set -g @after none || fail "set @after failed"
-$TMUX display-panes -Nd 500 -t "$p0" \; \
-    set -gF -t "$p0" @after '#{pane_mode}' ||
+$TMUX display-panes -Nd 500 -t "$p0" \; set -g @after fast ||
 	fail "display-panes immediate command failed"
-wait_option @after 'panes-mode'
+wait_option @after fast
+wait_format "$p0" '#{pane_mode}' 'panes-mode'
 wait_format "$p0" '#{pane_in_mode}' '0'
 
 # Existing zoom is restored on exit.

regress/find-window.sh

@@ -1,118 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Exercise find-window's content, name and title filters in every combination,
-# glob/regex and case-insensitive suffixes, plus zoom restoration.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-TMUX_TMPDIR=$DIR
-export TMUX_TMPDIR
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestI$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -LtestO$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-capture()
-{
-	$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 2>/dev/null
-}
-
-wait_mode()
-{
-	want=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		got=$($INNER display-message -p -t find:base.0 '#{pane_mode}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ "$got" = "$want" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "pane mode is '$got', expected '$want'"
-}
-
-run_find()
-{
-	label=$1
-	expected=$2
-	shift 2
-	$INNER find-window -t find:base.0 "$@" || fail "$label failed"
-	wait_mode tree-mode
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		captured=$(capture)
-		printf '%s\n' "$captured" | grep -Fq "$expected" && break
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "$label did not show '$expected'"
-	$INNER send-keys -t find:base.0 q || exit 1
-	wait_mode ''
-}
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s find -n base -x80 -y24 \
-	"sh -c 'printf \"BaseBody\\n\"; exec sleep 100'" || exit 1
-$INNER split-window -d -h -t find:base \
-	"sh -c 'printf \"OtherBody\\n\"; exec sleep 100'" || exit 1
-$INNER new-window -d -t find: -n NameNeedle 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER new-window -d -t find: -n body \
-	"sh -c 'printf \"BodyNeedle\\n\"; exec sleep 100'" || exit 1
-$INNER new-window -d -t find: -n titled 'exec sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER select-pane -t find:titled.0 -T TitleNeedle || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x80 -y24 "$INNER attach -t find:base" || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-sleep 1
-
-# Wait until the body text is in the pane history before searching it.
-i=0
-while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-	$INNER capture-pane -p -t find:body.0 | grep -Fq BodyNeedle && break
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "pane content was not ready"
-
-# No flags means C+N+T. Then cover all three pairs and all three singletons.
-run_find default NameNeedle NameNeedle
-run_find content-name NameNeedle -C -N NameNeedle
-run_find content-title titled -C -T TitleNeedle
-run_find name-title titled -N -T TitleNeedle
-run_find content-only body -C BodyNeedle
-run_find name-only NameNeedle -N NameNeedle
-run_find title-only titled -T TitleNeedle
-
-# Glob case folding and all regular-expression suffix variants.
-run_find insensitive NameNeedle -N -i nameneedle
-run_find regex NameNeedle -N -r '^NameNeedle$'
-run_find regex-insensitive NameNeedle -N -r -i '^nameneedle$'
-
-# -Z temporarily zooms the target window and restores its prior state on exit.
-$INNER find-window -Z -t find:base.0 -N NameNeedle || exit 1
-wait_mode tree-mode
-[ "$($INNER display-message -p -t find:base '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" = 1 ] ||
-	fail "find-window -Z did not zoom"
-$INNER send-keys -t find:base.0 q || exit 1
-wait_mode ''
-[ "$($INNER display-message -p -t find:base '#{window_zoomed_flag}')" = 0 ] ||
-	fail "find-window -Z did not restore zoom"
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-border-style-cross-client.sh

@@ -1,135 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Damage-only redraws must evaluate both active and inactive border styles
-# for each client, even though the cached border cells belong to the pane.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lborder-style-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lborder-style-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_clients()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		count=$($INNER list-clients 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
-		[ "$count" -eq 2 ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "two inner clients did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_for_marker()
-{
-	target=$1
-	marker=$2
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t "$target" >"$CAPTURE" || exit 1
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "client in $target did not receive $marker"
-}
-
-cat >"$DIR/emitter.pl" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-$| = 1;
-for my $phase (1 .. 2) {
-	while (!-e "$ENV{TRIGGER}-$phase") {
-		select undef, undef, undef, 0.01;
-	}
-	# Change an unused palette entry and acknowledge it in the pane body.
-	print "\e]4;200;rgb:11/22/0$phase\a\e[1;1HDAMAGE$phase";
-}
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 60 -y 20 \
-    "TRIGGER='$DIR/trigger' perl '$DIR/emitter.pl'" || exit 1
-$INNER set -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set -g automatic-rename off || exit 1
-$INNER set -g status-interval 0 || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-lines simple || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-status top || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-format 'CLIENT=#{client_name}' || exit 1
-FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 35 -y 6 -X 5 -Y 5 \
-    'sleep 100') || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 121 -y 20 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g default-terminal screen || exit 1
-LEFT=$($OUTER display-message -p -t outer:0.0 '#{pane_id}') || exit 1
-RIGHT=$($OUTER split-window -h -PF '#{pane_id}' 'sleep 100') || exit 1
-for target in "$LEFT" "$RIGHT"; do
-	$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t "$target" "$INNER attach-session -t inner" ||
-	    exit 1
-done
-wait_for_clients
-
-NAME1=$($OUTER display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_tty}') || exit 1
-NAME2=$($OUTER display-message -p -t "$RIGHT" '#{pane_tty}') || exit 1
-STYLE="fg=#{?#{==:#{client_name},$NAME1},red,blue}"
-$INNER set -g pane-border-style "$STYLE" || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-active-border-style "$STYLE" || exit 1
-
-# Capture just the floating pane's rows, excluding the acknowledgement in
-# the tiled pane. Exercise each cache by changing the floating pane's focus.
-phase=1
-while [ "$phase" -le 2 ]; do
-	if [ "$phase" -eq 2 ]; then
-		$INNER select-pane -t "$FLOAT" || exit 1
-	fi
-	$INNER refresh-client -t "$NAME1" || exit 1
-	$INNER refresh-client -t "$NAME2" || exit 1
-	sleep 0.5
-	for target in "$LEFT" "$RIGHT"; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -pe -S 5 -E 10 -t "$target" \
-		    >"$DIR/before-$target" || exit 1
-	done
-	RED=$(printf '\033[31m')
-	BLUE=$(printf '\033[34m')
-	grep -Fq "$RED" "$DIR/before-$LEFT" || fail "missing red border"
-	grep -Fq "$BLUE" "$DIR/before-$RIGHT" || fail "missing blue border"
-
-	: >"$DIR/trigger-$phase"
-	wait_for_marker "$LEFT" "DAMAGE$phase"
-	wait_for_marker "$RIGHT" "DAMAGE$phase"
-	sleep 0.2
-	for target in "$LEFT" "$RIGHT"; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -pe -S 5 -E 10 -t "$target" \
-		    >"$CAPTURE" || exit 1
-		diff -u "$DIR/before-$target" "$CAPTURE" ||
-		    fail "phase $phase changed $target's border style"
-	done
-	phase=$((phase + 1))
-done
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-ghost.sh

@@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Regression test for a floating-pane drag bug: cmd_resize_pane_redraw_floating()
-# (cmd-resize-pane.c) reported damage for just a dragged floating pane's
-# content rectangle, not the one-cell border frame drawn around it (see the
-# "floating" case in screen-redraw.c, which draws that frame at
-# xoff-1/yoff-1 through xoff+sx/yoff+sy - one cell outside the pane's own
-# content area). Damage scoped to only the content area left the frame's
-# previous position undrawn as the pane moved, so dragging it left a trail
-# of un-erased border frames behind - visible as several "corners" stacked
-# up rather than just the pane's current one.
-#
-# This bug has nothing to do with images - it reproduces with a plain
-# floating pane and no image support required.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-TMUX2="$TEST_TMUX -LtestB$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$TMUX kill-server >/dev/null 2>&1
-	$TMUX2 kill-server >/dev/null 2>&1
-}
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	cleanup
-	exit 1
-}
-
-# drag STARTCOL STARTROW ENDCOL ENDROW
-#
-# Write a plain (unmodified) SGR button-1 press, drag update and release at
-# 1-based positions to the outer pane holding the inner client - this
-# matches the default MouseDown1Border/MouseDrag1Border bindings used to
-# move or resize a floating pane by its border.
-drag()
-{
-	scol="$1"
-	srow="$2"
-	ecol="$3"
-	erow="$4"
-
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sM' "$scol" "$srow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 0.2
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<32;%s;%sM' "$ecol" "$erow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 0.2
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sm' "$ecol" "$erow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 1
-}
-
-cleanup
-
-TMP=$(mktemp)
-trap "cleanup; rm -f $TMP" 0 1 15
-
-$TMUX new-session -d -s inner -x 60 -y 20 'sh -c "sleep 100"' || exit 1
-$TMUX set -g mouse on
-$TMUX set -g default-command 'sh -c "sleep 100"'
-
-FLOAT=$($TMUX new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 16 -y 5 -X 5 -Y 5) ||
-	fail "new-pane -X -Y failed"
-FTOP=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-FLEFT=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-FWIDTH=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_width}')
-
-$TMUX2 new-session -d -x 60 -y 20 "$TMUX attach -t inner" || exit 1
-sleep 1
-OUTER=$($TMUX2 list-panes -F '#{pane_id}' | head -1)
-[ -n "$OUTER" ] || fail "No outer pane."
-
-# Sanity check: exactly one floating pane, so exactly one top-left corner,
-# before dragging anything.
-$TMUX2 capturep -p -t "$OUTER" >$TMP || fail "capture failed"
-n=$(grep -o '┌' $TMP | wc -l)
-[ "$n" -eq 1 ] || fail "sanity: expected 1 corner before drag, found $n"
-
-# Drag the floating pane by its top border (row FTOP-1, some column within
-# its width) down several rows in a few separate steps, then release. A
-# single drag() call already does press/motion/release, so call it several
-# times in a row to simulate a multi-step real drag.
-GRABCOL=$((FLEFT + FWIDTH / 2))
-STARTROW=$FTOP
-i=0
-while [ $i -lt 6 ]; do
-	newrow=$((STARTROW + i + 1))
-	drag $((GRABCOL + 1)) $((STARTROW + i)) $((GRABCOL + 1)) $newrow
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-
-$TMUX2 capturep -p -t "$OUTER" >$TMP || fail "capture failed"
-
-# Exactly one top-left corner should remain - the pane's current position.
-# This is expected to fail before the fix: multiple corners (a trail of
-# un-erased frames) would remain from the intermediate drag positions.
-n=$(grep -o '┌' $TMP | wc -l)
-[ "$n" -eq 1 ] || fail "expected exactly 1 corner after drag, found $n (ghost frames left behind)"
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-no-double-composite.sh

@@ -1,88 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Each drag motion must draw the floating pane content once.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-cd "$DIR" || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Ldoublecomp-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Ldoublecomp-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	cd /
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-mouse()
-{
-	sequence=$(printf '\033[<%s;%s;%s%s' "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4")
-	$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$sequence" || exit 1
-	sleep 0.15
-}
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 40 -y 15 "printf '\\033[15;1HOUTSIDE'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g mouse on || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status-interval 0 || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g automatic-rename off || exit 1
-FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 15 -y 5 -X 5 -Y 2 \
-    "printf 'DRAGMARK'; exec sleep 100") || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 15 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Ldoublecomp-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-sleep 0.5
-
-XOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-YOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-GRABCOL=$((XOFF + 3))
-BORDERROW=$YOFF
-
-# Begin capture after focus changes from the initial mouse press have settled.
-mouse 0 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" M
-$OUTER pipe-pane -O -t outer:0.0 "cat >'$DIR/output'" || exit 1
-$INNER refresh-client || exit 1
-sleep 0.5
-grep -aq DRAGMARK "$DIR/output" || fail "capture missed floating pane content"
-grep -aq OUTSIDE "$DIR/output" || fail "capture missed untouched row"
-offset=$(wc -c <"$DIR/output")
-
-i=0
-steps=6
-while [ "$i" -lt "$steps" ]; do
-	GRABCOL=$((GRABCOL + 1))
-	mouse 32 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" M
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-mouse 0 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" m
-sleep 0.3
-
-NEWXOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-[ "$NEWXOFF" -eq "$((XOFF + steps))" ] || fail "floating pane did not move six columns"
-tail -c +"$((offset + 1))" "$DIR/output" >"$DIR/drag-output"
-n=$(perl -0777 -ne '$n = () = /DRAGMARK/g; print "$n\n"' "$DIR/drag-output")
-[ "$n" -eq "$steps" ] ||
-	fail "$steps drag motions wrote the floating pane content $n times"
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-scrollbar-strip.sh

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Regression test: dragging a floating pane across another pane's ordinary
-# content must not redraw that other pane's scrollbar, unless the drag
-# actually crosses the scrollbar's own strip.
-#
-# cmd_resize_pane_redraw_floating() (cmd-resize-pane.c) used to flag
-# PANE_REDRAWSCROLLBAR on any pane whose whole *body* intersected the
-# floating pane's old or new rectangle, rather than just its narrow
-# scrollbar strip - so dragging a floating pane back and forth over an
-# ordinary tiled pane's content (never touching its scrollbar) still
-# needlessly redrew that pane's scrollbar on every motion step. See
-# tmux-image-redraw-known-bugs.md for the full write-up.
-#
-# This is checked by giving the non-dragged pane a distinctive scrollbar
-# colour and counting how many times its SGR code appears in the client's
-# raw output while the floating pane is dragged vertically over that pane's
-# body, well clear of its scrollbar column: with the fix, it should never
-# reappear after the initial draw.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-TMUX="$TEST_TMUX -LtestA$$ -f/dev/null"
-TMUX2="$TEST_TMUX -LtestB$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$TMUX kill-server >/dev/null 2>&1
-	$TMUX2 kill-server >/dev/null 2>&1
-}
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	cleanup
-	exit 1
-}
-
-# drag STARTCOL STARTROW ENDCOL ENDROW
-drag()
-{
-	scol="$1"
-	srow="$2"
-	ecol="$3"
-	erow="$4"
-
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sM' "$scol" "$srow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 0.2
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<32;%s;%sM' "$ecol" "$erow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 0.2
-	seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sm' "$ecol" "$erow")
-	$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$seq" 2>/dev/null
-	sleep 0.5
-}
-
-cleanup
-
-TMP=$(mktemp)
-trap "cleanup; rm -f $TMP" 0 1 15
-
-$TMUX new-session -d -s inner -x 60 -y 20 'sh -c "sleep 100"' || exit 1
-$TMUX set -g mouse on || fail "set mouse failed"
-$TMUX set -g default-command 'sh -c "sleep 100"' || fail "set default-command failed"
-$TMUX set -g pane-scrollbars on || fail "set pane-scrollbars failed"
-
-$TMUX split-window -h -t inner 'sh -c "sleep 100"' || fail "split-window failed"
-
-PANES=$($TMUX list-panes -t inner -F '#{pane_id} #{pane_left}')
-LEFT=$(echo "$PANES" | sort -k2 -n | head -1 | cut -d' ' -f1)
-[ -n "$LEFT" ] || fail "could not identify left pane"
-
-# A distinctive scrollbar colour for the non-dragged (left) pane only.
-$TMUX set -p -t "$LEFT" pane-scrollbars-style 'fg=colour201,bg=colour17' ||
-	fail "set pane-scrollbars-style failed"
-
-ALEFT=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_left}')
-ATOP=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_top}')
-AWIDTH=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_width}')
-AHEIGHT=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_height}')
-[ "$AWIDTH" -gt 15 ] || fail "left pane too narrow for this test ($AWIDTH)"
-
-# A small floating pane placed well inside the left pane's content area,
-# clear of its (right-hand) scrollbar column by several columns.
-FLOAT=$($TMUX new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 8 -y 5 \
-    -X $((ALEFT + 2)) -Y $((ATOP + 2))) || fail "new-pane -X -Y failed"
-FTOP=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-FLEFT=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-FWIDTH=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_width}')
-[ $((FLEFT + FWIDTH + 3)) -lt $((ALEFT + AWIDTH)) ] ||
-	fail "sanity: floating pane too close to the scrollbar column"
-
-# Start the outer session with a plain shell, then start capturing before
-# triggering the attach - starting the attach as the outer pane's initial
-# command would mean pipe-pane only starts after the attach-driven initial
-# redraw (which draws the scrollbars) has already happened, missing it.
-$TMUX2 new-session -d -x 60 -y 20 || exit 1
-OUTER=$($TMUX2 list-panes -F '#{pane_id}' | head -1)
-[ -n "$OUTER" ] || fail "No outer pane."
-$TMUX2 pipe-pane -t "$OUTER" -O "cat >$TMP" || fail "pipe-pane failed"
-$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" -l "$TMUX attach -t inner" || fail "send attach failed"
-$TMUX2 send-keys -t "$OUTER" Enter || fail "send enter failed"
-sleep 1
-
-# Sanity check: the distinctive scrollbar colour reaches the client at all.
-grep -qa '48;5;201' $TMP || fail "sanity: scrollbar colour never reached the client"
-: >$TMP
-
-# Drag the floating pane straight up and down by its top border, staying at
-# a fixed column the whole time - this never crosses the left pane's
-# scrollbar strip, only its ordinary content.
-GRABCOL=$((FLEFT + FWIDTH / 2))
-row=$FTOP
-i=0
-while [ $i -lt 6 ]; do
-	newrow=$((row + 1))
-	drag $GRABCOL $row $GRABCOL $newrow
-	row=$newrow
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-i=0
-while [ $i -lt 6 ]; do
-	newrow=$((row - 1))
-	drag $GRABCOL $row $GRABCOL $newrow
-	row=$newrow
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-
-# The scrollbar colour should never reappear - its geometry never changed,
-# and the drag never crossed its column. This is expected to fail before
-# the fix - see the header comment.
-n=$(grep -ac '48;5;201' $TMP)
-[ "$n" -eq 0 ] ||
-	fail "left pane's scrollbar was redrawn $n times while dragging over its body only"
-
-# Cross the scrollbar and return, comparing each damaged redraw with a full
-# refresh to check that covering and uncovering its cells leaves no artifacts.
-offset=$((ALEFT + AWIDTH - FLEFT - FWIDTH / 2))
-for delta in "$offset" "$((-offset))"; do
-	oldleft=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-	newcol=$((GRABCOL + delta))
-	drag "$GRABCOL" "$row" "$newcol" "$row"
-	GRABCOL=$newcol
-	newleft=$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-	[ "$newleft" -eq "$((oldleft + delta))" ] ||
-		fail "floating pane did not move across the scrollbar as expected"
-	before=$($TMUX2 capture-pane -pe -t "$OUTER" -S 0 -E "$((AHEIGHT - 1))")
-	$TMUX refresh-client || fail "refresh-client failed"
-	sleep 0.5
-	after=$($TMUX2 capture-pane -pe -t "$OUTER" -S 0 -E "$((AHEIGHT - 1))")
-	[ "$before" = "$after" ] ||
-		fail "scrollbar crossing differs from a full redraw"
-done
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-sync-no-self-defer.sh

@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Synchronized drag output must not cause a full redraw of untouched rows.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-cd "$DIR" || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lsyncdefer-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lsyncdefer-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	cd /
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-mouse()
-{
-	sequence=$(printf '\033[<%s;%s;%s%s' "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4")
-	$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$sequence" || exit 1
-	sleep 0.15
-}
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 40 -y 15 "printf '\\033[15;1HOUTSIDE'; exec sleep 100" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g mouse on || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status-interval 0 || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g automatic-rename off || exit 1
-FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 15 -y 5 -X 5 -Y 2 \
-    "printf 'DRAGMARK'; exec sleep 100") || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 15 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -as terminal-features ',screen-256color:sync' || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Lsyncdefer-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-sleep 0.5
-
-XOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-YOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-GRABCOL=$((XOFF + 3))
-BORDERROW=$YOFF
-
-# Begin capture after focus changes from the initial mouse press have settled.
-mouse 0 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" M
-$OUTER pipe-pane -O -t outer:0.0 "cat >'$DIR/output'" || exit 1
-$INNER refresh-client || exit 1
-sleep 0.5
-grep -aq DRAGMARK "$DIR/output" || fail "capture missed floating pane content"
-grep -aq OUTSIDE "$DIR/output" || fail "capture missed untouched row"
-offset=$(wc -c <"$DIR/output")
-
-i=0
-steps=6
-while [ "$i" -lt "$steps" ]; do
-	GRABCOL=$((GRABCOL + 1))
-	mouse 32 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" M
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-mouse 0 "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW" m
-sleep 0.3
-
-NEWXOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-[ "$NEWXOFF" -eq "$((XOFF + steps))" ] || fail "floating pane did not move six columns"
-tail -c +"$((offset + 1))" "$DIR/output" >"$DIR/drag-output"
-n=$(perl -0777 -ne '$n = () = /DRAGMARK/g; print "$n\n"' "$DIR/drag-output")
-[ "$n" -ge "$steps" ] || fail "drag output did not reach the client"
-perl -0777 -ne 'exit(/\e\[\?2026h/ ? 0 : 1)' "$DIR/drag-output" ||
-    fail "drag did not use synchronized output"
-if grep -aq OUTSIDE "$DIR/drag-output"; then
-	fail "synchronized drag redrew an untouched row"
-fi
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-wide-character-right.sh

@@ -1,206 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Mirror of floating-pane-drag-wide-character.sh for the *right* edge of a
-# damage rectangle. redraw_damage_grow_span_clip() (screen-redraw.c) widens
-# a damage rectangle's right edge by one cell whenever it isn't already at
-# the span's own edge, to pull in a wide character's base half when the
-# edge lands on its padding half - but it did this unconditionally, with no
-# check of which half it was actually touching. When the edge instead
-# already lands cleanly on a fresh character's base cell (a character fully
-# outside the range), growing right pulls in just that base cell -
-# tty_draw_line() sees it can't fit that character's full width in the
-# remaining range (tty_draw_line_get_empty()'s gc->data.width > nx check)
-# and clears it, exactly as the left-edge bug cleared a neighbouring
-# character's padding half.
-#
-# As with the left-edge test, the exact column parity needs to be
-# deterministic to actually catch it. This constructs it by creating the
-# floating pane, checking its real position, and recreating it one column
-# over if necessary until the vacated rectangle's right edge lands on a
-# base cell.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lwidecharr-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lwidecharr-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-EMITTER=$DIR/emitter.pl
-BASE=$DIR/base
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-FLOAT=
-PANEWIDTH=12
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	[ -s "$CAPTURE" ] && cat "$CAPTURE" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		CLIENT=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ -n "$CLIENT" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_outer_has()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "outer client did not show $marker"
-}
-
-slice_columns()
-{
-	# Extract terminal columns [COL1, COL2) from lines [ROW1, ROW2] of
-	# $1, decoding UTF-8 - the pane's own new position (well clear of
-	# this range) must not affect the comparison, so this only looks at
-	# the narrow strip actually vacated, not the whole line. capture-pane
-	# text has one decoded character per double-width cell pair (every
-	# character here is width 2), so terminal columns are converted to
-	# character indices by halving before slicing.
-	perl -CSD -e '
-		my ($row1, $row2, $col1, $col2, $file) = @ARGV;
-		open my $fh, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", $file or die $!;
-		my @lines = <$fh>;
-		my $c1 = int($col1 / 2);
-		my $c2 = int(($col2 + 1) / 2);
-		for my $n ($row1 .. $row2) {
-			my $line = $lines[$n - 1];
-			$line =~ s/\R\z//;
-			print substr($line, $c1, $c2 - $c1), "\n";
-		}
-	' "$ROW1" "$ROW2" "$COL1" "$COL2" "$1"
-}
-
-wait_old_rows_restored()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		slice_columns "$BASE" >"$DIR/want"
-		slice_columns "$CAPTURE" >"$DIR/got"
-		cmp -s "$DIR/want" "$DIR/got" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "wide characters under the floating pane's vacated right edge were not restored"
-}
-
-mouse()
-{
-	sequence=$(printf '\033[<%s;%s;%s%s' "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4")
-	$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$sequence" || exit 1
-	sleep 0.1
-}
-
-cat >"$EMITTER" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
-$| = 1;
-for my $row (1 .. 10) {
-	print "\e[$row;1H", chr(0x754c) x 20;
-}
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 40 -y 10 "perl '$EMITTER'" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g mouse on || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g pane-scrollbars off || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 10 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Lwidecharr-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-
-wait_for_client
-wait_outer_has '界界界'
-$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$BASE" || exit 1
-
-# Create the floating pane, then check its actual resulting position. Try
-# adjacent starting columns until the vacated rectangle's right edge
-# (xoff + PANEWIDTH + 1, the border-grown exclusive end - see
-# window_pane_damage_floating(), window.c) lands on an even (base-cell)
-# column.
-startx=5
-tries=0
-while [ "$tries" -lt 2 ]; do
-	[ -n "$FLOAT" ] && $INNER kill-pane -t "$FLOAT" 2>/dev/null
-	FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x "$PANEWIDTH" -y 3 \
-	    -X "$startx" -Y 5 \
-	    'sh -c "printf FLOATMARK; exec sleep 100"') || exit 1
-	sleep 0.2
-	XOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-	YOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-	oldright=$((XOFF + PANEWIDTH + 1))
-	if [ $((oldright % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then
-		break
-	fi
-	startx=$((startx + 1))
-	tries=$((tries + 1))
-done
-[ $(((XOFF + PANEWIDTH + 1) % 2)) -eq 0 ] ||
-	fail "could not find bad-parity starting column"
-
-wait_outer_has FLOATMARK
-
-ROW1=$((YOFF + 1))
-ROW2=$((YOFF + 3))
-COL1=$((XOFF + PANEWIDTH - 2))
-COL2=$((XOFF + PANEWIDTH + 2))
-
-# Grab the pane's top border a couple of columns in (avoiding the corner
-# cells) and drag it well clear of its old rectangle - far enough right
-# that its new position starts past the checked columns above (which sit
-# just past the pane's *original* right edge).
-GRABCOL=$((XOFF + 3))
-BORDERROW=$((YOFF))
-
-seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sM' "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-seq=$(printf '\033[<32;%s;%sM' "$((GRABCOL + 20))" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sm' "$((GRABCOL + 20))" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-
-NEWXOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-[ "$NEWXOFF" != "$XOFF" ] || fail "sanity: floating pane did not move (still at $XOFF)"
-
-wait_old_rows_restored
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-drag-wide-character.sh

@@ -1,200 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Damage at a floating pane's vacated edge must always redraw a complete
-# grid character. redraw_damage_grow_span_clip() (screen-redraw.c) widens a
-# damage rectangle's left edge by one cell whenever it isn't already at the
-# span's own edge, to pull in a wide character's base half when the edge
-# lands on its padding half - but it did this unconditionally, with no
-# check of which half it was actually touching. When the edge instead
-# already lands cleanly on a fresh character's base cell, growing left
-# walks into the *previous*, unrelated character's padding cell and blanks
-# it (tty_draw_line() treats any leading padding cell as proof its own
-# range starts mid-character).
-#
-# This is a general damage-composition bug, not specific to any one kind of
-# pane, but the exact column parity needs to be deterministic to actually
-# catch it (a lucky parity draws fine). This constructs it by creating the
-# floating pane, checking its real position (the border-framing offset
-# added to -X is not something to hand-compute), and recreating it one
-# column over if necessary until the vacated rectangle's left edge lands on
-# a base cell.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lwidechar-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lwidechar-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-EMITTER=$DIR/emitter.pl
-BASE=$DIR/base
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-FLOAT=
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	[ -s "$CAPTURE" ] && cat "$CAPTURE" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		CLIENT=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ -n "$CLIENT" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_outer_has()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "outer client did not show $marker"
-}
-
-slice_columns()
-{
-	# Extract terminal columns [COL1, COL2) from lines [ROW1, ROW2] of
-	# $1, decoding UTF-8 - the pane's own new position (well clear of
-	# this range) must not affect the comparison, so this only looks at
-	# the narrow strip actually vacated, not the whole line. capture-pane
-	# text has one decoded character per double-width cell pair (every
-	# character here is width 2), so terminal columns are converted to
-	# character indices by halving before slicing.
-	perl -CSD -e '
-		my ($row1, $row2, $col1, $col2, $file) = @ARGV;
-		open my $fh, "<:encoding(UTF-8)", $file or die $!;
-		my @lines = <$fh>;
-		my $c1 = int($col1 / 2);
-		my $c2 = int(($col2 + 1) / 2);
-		for my $n ($row1 .. $row2) {
-			my $line = $lines[$n - 1];
-			$line =~ s/\R\z//;
-			print substr($line, $c1, $c2 - $c1), "\n";
-		}
-	' "$ROW1" "$ROW2" "$COL1" "$COL2" "$1"
-}
-
-wait_old_rows_restored()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		slice_columns "$BASE" >"$DIR/want"
-		slice_columns "$CAPTURE" >"$DIR/got"
-		cmp -s "$DIR/want" "$DIR/got" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "wide characters under the floating pane's vacated edge were not restored"
-}
-
-mouse()
-{
-	sequence=$(printf '\033[<%s;%s;%s%s' "$1" "$2" "$3" "$4")
-	$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$sequence" || exit 1
-	sleep 0.1
-}
-
-cat >"$EMITTER" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-binmode STDOUT, ':encoding(UTF-8)';
-$| = 1;
-for my $row (1 .. 10) {
-	print "\e[$row;1H", chr(0x754c) x 20;
-}
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 40 -y 10 "perl '$EMITTER'" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g mouse on || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g pane-scrollbars off || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 10 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Lwidechar-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-
-wait_for_client
-wait_outer_has '界界界'
-$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$BASE" || exit 1
-
-# Create the floating pane, then check its actual resulting position. Try
-# adjacent starting columns until the vacated rectangle's left edge
-# (xoff - 1) lands on an even (base-cell) column - the odd case is the one
-# every earlier manual test happened to land on by chance.
-startx=5
-tries=0
-while [ "$tries" -lt 2 ]; do
-	[ -n "$FLOAT" ] && $INNER kill-pane -t "$FLOAT" 2>/dev/null
-	FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 12 -y 3 -X "$startx" \
-	    -Y 5 'sh -c "printf FLOATMARK; exec sleep 100"') || exit 1
-	sleep 0.2
-	XOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-	YOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-	oldleft=$((XOFF - 1))
-	if [ $((oldleft % 2)) -eq 0 ]; then
-		break
-	fi
-	startx=$((startx + 1))
-	tries=$((tries + 1))
-done
-[ $(((XOFF - 1) % 2)) -eq 0 ] || fail "could not find bad-parity starting column"
-
-wait_outer_has FLOATMARK
-
-ROW1=$((YOFF + 1))
-ROW2=$((YOFF + 3))
-COL1=$((XOFF - 4))
-COL2=$((XOFF + 4))
-
-# Grab the pane's top border a couple of columns in (avoiding the corner
-# cells) and drag it well clear of its old rectangle.
-GRABCOL=$((XOFF + 3))
-BORDERROW=$((YOFF))
-
-seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sM' "$GRABCOL" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-seq=$(printf '\033[<32;%s;%sM' "$((GRABCOL + 15))" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-seq=$(printf '\033[<0;%s;%sm' "$((GRABCOL + 15))" "$BORDERROW")
-$OUTER send-keys -t outer:0.0 -l "$seq" || exit 1
-sleep 0.1
-
-NEWXOFF=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-[ "$NEWXOFF" != "$XOFF" ] || fail "sanity: floating pane did not move (still at $XOFF)"
-
-wait_old_rows_restored
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-geometry.sh

@@ -268,149 +268,5 @@ $TMUX kill-pane -t "$floating" || exit 1
 $TMUX kill-pane -t "$right" || exit 1
 $TMUX kill-pane -t "$lower" || exit 1
 
-# --- Floating panes clamped when the window shrinks (issue #5581, PR #5582) ---
-#
-# layout_resize clamps floating panes back inside the window when it shrinks:
-# move them and, only if they cannot fit, shrink them (never below
-# PANE_MINIMUM). A floating cell is the pane's content, so with the default
-# single-line border the clamp counts 1 cell of border per side, exactly as
-# layout_floating_args_parse does on creation; with no border it counts 0.
-# Each case below gets its own window, since resize-window fixes a window at
-# a manual size for the rest of its life.
-
-# Case 1: a lone floating pane -- break-pane -W on a window's only pane --
-# takes the early-return path in layout_resize, added during PR #5582's
-# review round, since there is no tiled tree to walk.
-win=$($TMUX new-window -dPF '#{window_id}') ||
-	fail "new-window for lone float failed"
-
-# -x 20 -y 6 -> pane 18x4; -X 60 -Y 18 -> pane_left 61, pane_top 19: with the
-# border, the footprint is columns 60-79, rows 18-23, flush with the 80x24
-# window's right and bottom edges, so the float fits before it is shrunk.
-$TMUX break-pane -W -s "$win" -x 20 -y 6 -X 60 -Y 18 ||
-	fail "break-pane -W for lone float failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   61
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    19
-
-# Shrink to 40x16. The float still fits at its own size (18 <= 40-2, 4 <=
-# 16-2) so only its position moves, flush to the new right/bottom edges:
-# xoff = 40 - 18 - 1 = 21; yoff = 16 - 4 - 1 = 11.
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 40 -y 16 ||
-	fail "resize-window (lone float) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   21
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    11
-
-# Case 5: grow the window back. The clamp must not chase the window back
-# outward -- it only ever pulls a float in, never restores where it was.
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 80 -y 24 ||
-	fail "resize-window grow (lone float) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   21
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    11
-$TMUX kill-window -t "$win" || exit 1
-
-# Case 2: the same float, but with a tiled sibling surviving alongside it, so
-# the window's root cell stays tiled and layout_resize takes the normal path
-# (the clamp call after layout_fix_offsets) instead of the early return
-# above. Same geometry as case 1, so the same numbers should come out.
-win=$($TMUX new-window -dPF '#{window_id}') ||
-	fail "new-window for tiled sibling failed"
-$TMUX split-window -t "$win" 'sleep 100' ||
-	fail "split-window for tiled sibling failed"
-$TMUX break-pane -W -s "$win" -x 20 -y 6 -X 60 -Y 18 ||
-	fail "break-pane -W for tiled sibling failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   61
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    19
-
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 40 -y 16 ||
-	fail "resize-window (tiled sibling) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   21
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    11
-$TMUX kill-window -t "$win" || exit 1
-
-# Case 3: new-pane float, the original repro from issue #5581 and the PR
-# body -- also the normal path, via the tiled base pane new-window creates.
-win=$($TMUX new-window -dPF '#{window_id}') ||
-	fail "new-window for new-pane repro failed"
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 120 -y 40 ||
-	fail "resize-window to 120x40 failed"
-
-# -x 30 -y 10 -> pane 28x8; -X 85 -Y 25 -> pane_left 86, pane_top 26.
-floating=$($TMUX new-pane -t "$win" -dPF '#{pane_id}' \
-	-x 30 -y 10 -X 85 -Y 25 'sleep 100') ||
-	fail "new-pane for new-pane repro failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_width}')"  28
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_height}')" 8
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_left}')"   86
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_top}')"    26
-
-# Shrink to 60x20: xoff = 60 - 28 - 1 = 31; yoff = 20 - 8 - 1 = 11.
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 60 -y 20 ||
-	fail "resize-window (new-pane repro) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_width}')"  28
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_height}')" 8
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_left}')"   31
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_top}')"    11
-$TMUX kill-window -t "$win" || exit 1
-
-# Case 4: a float that already fits inside the shrunk window is left alone --
-# assert position and size are both unchanged, not just one of them.
-win=$($TMUX new-window -dPF '#{window_id}') ||
-	fail "new-window for untouched float failed"
-
-# -x 20 -y 6 -> pane 18x4; -X 8 -Y 3 -> pane_left 9, pane_top 4 (as at the top
-# of this file). Footprint columns 8-27, rows 3-8: well inside 60x20 too.
-floating=$($TMUX new-pane -t "$win" -dPF '#{pane_id}' \
-	-x 20 -y 6 -X 8 -Y 3 'sleep 100') ||
-	fail "new-pane for untouched float failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_left}')"   9
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_top}')"    4
-
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 60 -y 20 ||
-	fail "resize-window (untouched float) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_width}')"  18
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_height}')" 4
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_left}')"   9
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$floating" '#{pane_top}')"    4
-$TMUX kill-window -t "$win" || exit 1
-
-# Case 6: pad = 0, via the pane-border-lines window option set to none. The
-# border arithmetic differs here (no -2/+1 adjustment either on creation or
-# in the clamp).
-win=$($TMUX new-window -dPF '#{window_id}') ||
-	fail "new-window for pad=0 float failed"
-$TMUX set-option -w -t "$win" pane-border-lines none ||
-	fail "set pane-border-lines none failed"
-
-# No border: -x 20 -y 6 -> pane 20x6 directly; -X 60 -Y 18 -> pane_left 60,
-# pane_top 18 directly. Footprint (== content, no border) is columns 60-79,
-# rows 18-23: flush right/bottom of the 80x24 window, same as case 1.
-$TMUX break-pane -W -s "$win" -x 20 -y 6 -X 60 -Y 18 ||
-	fail "break-pane -W for pad=0 float failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  20
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 6
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   60
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    18
-
-# Shrink to 40x16 with pad=0: xoff = 40 - 20 - 0 = 20; yoff = 16 - 6 - 0 = 10.
-$TMUX resize-window -t "$win" -x 40 -y 16 ||
-	fail "resize-window (pad=0 float) failed"
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_width}')"  20
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_height}')" 6
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_left}')"   20
-must_equal "$($TMUX display-message -p -t "$win" '#{pane_top}')"    10
-$TMUX kill-window -t "$win" || exit 1
-
 $TMUX kill-server 2>/dev/null
 exit 0

regress/floating-pane-offscreen-alternate-redraw.sh

@@ -1,102 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Returning from the alternate screen must redraw the visible part of a
-# floating pane clipped at the left edge, the top edge, or both.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Loffscreen-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Loffscreen-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-EMITTER=$DIR/emitter.pl
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	[ -s "$CAPTURE" ] && cat "$CAPTURE" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_outer_has()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "outer client did not show $marker"
-}
-
-cat >"$EMITTER" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-$| = 1;
-for my $row (1 .. 5) {
-	print "\e[$row;1H", 'A' x 15;
-}
-while (!-e "$ENV{TRIGGER}-alternate") {
-	select undef, undef, undef, 0.01;
-}
-print "\e[?1049h";
-for my $row (1 .. 5) {
-	print "\e[$row;1H", 'B' x 15;
-}
-while (!-e "$ENV{TRIGGER}-restore") {
-	select undef, undef, undef, 0.01;
-}
-print "\e[?1049l";
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 40 -y 10 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 40 -y 10 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Loffscreen-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-
-for position in left top both; do
-	case "$position" in
-	left) x=-5; y=2 ;;
-	top) x=5; y=-2 ;;
-	both) x=-5; y=-2 ;;
-	esac
-	FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 15 -y 5 -X "$x" -Y "$y" \
-	    "TRIGGER='$DIR/$position' perl '$EMITTER'") || exit 1
-	[ "$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left},#{pane_top}')" = "$((x + 1)),$((y + 1))" ] ||
-	    fail "$position: floating pane has unexpected position"
-	wait_outer_has AAAAA
-	cp "$CAPTURE" "$DIR/primary"
-	: >"$DIR/$position-alternate"
-	wait_outer_has BBBBB
-	: >"$DIR/$position-restore"
-	wait_outer_has AAAAA
-	cmp -s "$DIR/primary" "$CAPTURE" ||
-	    fail "$position: primary screen was not completely restored"
-	$INNER kill-pane -t "$FLOAT" || exit 1
-done
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-prompt-wide-character.sh

@@ -1,179 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# A damage rectangle's clip range is grown to avoid splitting a wide
-# character, but redraw_damage_grow_span_clip() (screen-redraw.c) only ever
-# checks the span's own pane *content* grid (wp->screen) for that. For a
-# REDRAW_SPAN_PANE span, that same range is then also handed to
-# redraw_damage_draw_pane_prompt() to recompose the pane's separately
-# rendered prompt (wp->prompt, e.g. from "command-prompt -P") over the
-# damaged sub-range - but the prompt is drawn into its own, freshly
-# allocated one-line screen, unrelated to the pane's content grid, so a
-# range grown (or left ungrown) against the content is not necessarily
-# grown correctly for the prompt's own wide characters.
-#
-# This is invisible when the pane's own content is plain ASCII (as here):
-# redraw_damage_grow_span_clip() never finds anything to grow against, so
-# the raw, ungrown geometric range is passed straight through to the
-# prompt - and if that range's edge lands mid-character in the *prompt's*
-# grid, tty_draw_line() clears the character it cuts through
-# (tty_draw_line_get_empty()'s gc->data.width > nx check, for a trailing
-# base cell with no room left for its padding half).
-#
-# The trigger is a palette change (OSC 4) in a tiled pane that is one half
-# of a vertical split running the full height of the window - occluded
-# under the floating pane, but still geometrically triggering a redraw of
-# its own rectangle. Positioned so the split boundary falls inside the
-# floating pane's own CJK prompt, this reproduces exactly Codex's report:
-# "a floating pane containing a CJK prompt across a tiled-pane boundary -
-# a palette update in the tiled pane blanks a prompt character."
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-cd "$DIR" || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lpromptwide-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lpromptwide-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-EMITTER=$DIR/emitter.pl
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-FLOAT=
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	[ -s "$CAPTURE" ] && cat "$CAPTURE" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	cd /
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_client()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		CLIENT=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}' 2>/dev/null)
-		[ -n "$CLIENT" ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "inner client did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_outer_has()
-{
-	marker=$1
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "outer client did not show $marker"
-}
-
-wait_prompt_row_intact()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t outer:0.0 >"$CAPTURE" 2>/dev/null || true
-		line=$(sed -n "${PROMPTROW}p" "$CAPTURE")
-		case $line in
-		*"$PROMPTTEXT"*) return 0 ;;
-		esac
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "the CJK prompt was not intact after the palette-triggered damage - got: $line"
-}
-
-cat >"$EMITTER" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-$| = 1;
-my $line = <STDIN>;
-print "\e]4;1;rgb:11/22/33\e\\";
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 60 -y 12 "perl '$EMITTER'" || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-LEFT=$($INNER list-panes -t inner -F '#{pane_id}') || exit 1
-
-# Split so the boundary between the two tiled panes falls at column 17 -
-# used below to pick a floating-pane column that lands the boundary
-# mid-character inside the prompt.
-RIGHT=$($INNER split-window -t inner -h -l 43 -PF '#{pane_id}' \
-    'sleep 100') || exit 1
-RX=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$RIGHT" '#{pane_left}') || exit 1
-
-# Create the floating pane, then check its actual resulting position (the
-# border-framing offset added to -X is not something to hand-compute). Try
-# adjacent starting columns until the split boundary lands on an odd
-# (padding-half) column of the prompt's own numbering, and within the
-# prompt's 12-column width.
-startx=10
-tries=0
-while [ "$tries" -lt 4 ]; do
-	[ -n "$FLOAT" ] && $INNER kill-pane -t "$FLOAT" 2>/dev/null
-	FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 24 -y 5 -X "$startx" \
-	    -Y 2 "sh -c 'i=0; while [ \$i -lt 10 ]; do \
-printf AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA\\\\n; i=\$((i+1)); done; sleep 100'") ||
-	    exit 1
-	sleep 0.2
-	X1=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_left}')
-	Y1=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_top}')
-	H1=$($INNER display-message -p -t "$FLOAT" '#{pane_height}')
-	local=$((RX - X1 - 1))
-	if [ "$local" -ge 1 ] && [ "$local" -le 11 ] &&
-	    [ $((local % 2)) -eq 1 ]; then
-		break
-	fi
-	startx=$((startx + 1))
-	tries=$((tries + 1))
-done
-local=$((RX - X1 - 1))
-[ "$local" -ge 1 ] && [ "$local" -le 11 ] && [ $((local % 2)) -eq 1 ] ||
-	fail "could not find bad-parity starting column"
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 60 -y 12 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set-option -g default-terminal screen-256color || exit 1
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t outer:0.0 \
-    "$TEST_TMUX -Lpromptwide-inner-$$ -f/dev/null attach-session -t inner" ||
-    exit 1
-
-wait_for_client
-wait_outer_has AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
-CLIENT=$($INNER list-clients -F '#{client_name}') || exit 1
-
-$INNER select-pane -t "$FLOAT" || exit 1
-PROMPTTEXT=$(printf '\344\270\255' | perl -CSD -ne 'print $_ x 6')
-$INNER command-prompt -b -P -t "$CLIENT" -p "$PROMPTTEXT" \
-    'display-message -- %1' || exit 1
-wait_outer_has "$PROMPTTEXT"
-
-PROMPTROW=$((Y1 + H1))
-
-# Trigger the damage: unblock the emitter so it fires the palette change in
-# the left tiled pane, which is occluded under (but geometrically overlaps)
-# the floating pane's prompt row.
-$INNER send-keys -t "$LEFT" Enter || exit 1
-
-wait_prompt_row_intact
-
-exit 0

regress/floating-pane-status-cross-client.sh

@@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# Damage redraws must show each client's own pane status, even though the
-# cached status screen is shared between clients.
-
-PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
-TERM=screen
-LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export PATH TERM LC_ALL
-
-[ -z "$TEST_TMUX" ] && TEST_TMUX=$(readlink -f ../tmux)
-
-DIR=$(mktemp -d) || exit 1
-INNER="$TEST_TMUX -Lstatuscc-inner-$$ -f/dev/null"
-OUTER="$TEST_TMUX -Lstatuscc-outer-$$ -f/dev/null"
-CAPTURE=$DIR/capture
-
-fail()
-{
-	echo "$*" >&2
-	[ -s "$CAPTURE" ] && cat "$CAPTURE" >&2
-	exit 1
-}
-
-cleanup()
-{
-	$OUTER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	$INNER kill-server 2>/dev/null
-	rm -rf "$DIR"
-}
-trap cleanup 0 1 15
-
-wait_for_clients()
-{
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		count=$($INNER list-clients 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
-		[ "$count" -eq 2 ] && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "two inner clients did not attach"
-}
-
-wait_for_marker()
-{
-	target=$1
-	marker=$2
-	i=0
-	while [ "$i" -lt 50 ]; do
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -t "$target" >"$CAPTURE" || exit 1
-		grep -q "$marker" "$CAPTURE" && return 0
-		sleep 0.1
-		i=$((i + 1))
-	done
-	fail "client in $target did not receive $marker"
-}
-
-cat >"$DIR/emitter.pl" <<'PERL'
-use strict;
-use warnings;
-
-$| = 1;
-for my $phase (1 .. 4) {
-	while (!-e "$ENV{TRIGGER}-$phase") {
-		select undef, undef, undef, 0.01;
-	}
-	# Change an unused palette entry and acknowledge it in the pane body.
-	print "\e]4;200;rgb:11/22/0$phase\a\e[1;1HDAMAGE$phase";
-}
-sleep 100;
-PERL
-
-$INNER new-session -d -s inner -x 60 -y 20 \
-    "TRIGGER='$DIR/trigger' perl '$DIR/emitter.pl'" || exit 1
-$INNER set -g status off || exit 1
-$INNER set -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$INNER set -g automatic-rename off || exit 1
-$INNER set -g status-interval 0 || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-lines simple || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-status top || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-format 'CLIENT=<#{client_name}>' || exit 1
-FLOAT=$($INNER new-pane -d -PF '#{pane_id}' -x 35 -y 6 -X 5 -Y 5 \
-    'sleep 100') || exit 1
-
-$OUTER new-session -d -s outer -x 121 -y 20 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g status off || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g window-size manual || exit 1
-$OUTER set -g default-terminal screen || exit 1
-LEFT=$($OUTER display-message -p -t outer:0.0 '#{pane_id}') || exit 1
-RIGHT=$($OUTER split-window -h -PF '#{pane_id}' 'sleep 100') || exit 1
-for target in "$LEFT" "$RIGHT"; do
-	$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t "$target" "$INNER attach-session -t inner" ||
-	    exit 1
-done
-wait_for_clients
-
-NAME1=$($OUTER display-message -p -t "$LEFT" '#{pane_tty}') || exit 1
-NAME2=$($OUTER display-message -p -t "$RIGHT" '#{pane_tty}') || exit 1
-
-# Disable periodic status updates above and trigger damage without a command
-# that also requests a status redraw. Each client must keep its own title.
-$INNER refresh-client -t "$NAME1" || exit 1
-$INNER refresh-client -t "$NAME2" || exit 1
-sleep 0.5
-for phase in 0 1 2; do
-	if [ "$phase" -ne 0 ]; then
-		: >"$DIR/trigger-$phase"
-		wait_for_marker "$LEFT" "DAMAGE$phase"
-		wait_for_marker "$RIGHT" "DAMAGE$phase"
-		sleep 0.2
-	fi
-	for target in "$LEFT" "$RIGHT"; do
-		if [ "$target" = "$LEFT" ]; then
-			name=$NAME1
-			other=$NAME2
-		else
-			name=$NAME2
-			other=$NAME1
-		fi
-		$OUTER capture-pane -p -S 5 -E 10 -t "$target" \
-		    >"$CAPTURE" || exit 1
-		grep -Fq "CLIENT=<$name>" "$CAPTURE" ||
-		    fail "phase $phase: missing $name's pane status"
-		if grep -Fq "CLIENT=<$other>" "$CAPTURE"; then
-			fail "phase $phase: $name received $other's pane status"
-		fi
-	done
-done
-
-# Leave just one client so a cache keyed only by client would remain stale.
-$OUTER respawn-pane -k -t "$RIGHT" 'sleep 100' || exit 1
-i=0
-while [ "$($INNER list-clients | wc -l)" -ne 1 ]; do
-	[ "$i" -lt 50 ] || fail "second client did not detach"
-	sleep 0.1
-	i=$((i + 1))
-done
-$INNER set-environment -g TEST_STATUS_VALUE initial || exit 1
-$INNER set -g pane-border-format 'VALUE=#{TEST_STATUS_VALUE}' || exit 1
-$INNER refresh-client -t "$NAME1" || exit 1
-wait_for_marker "$LEFT" VALUE=initial
-for phase in 3 4; do
-	# Changing the environment does not itself request a status redraw.
-	$INNER set-environment -g TEST_STATUS_VALUE "phase$phase" || exit 1
-	: >"$DIR/trigger-$phase"
-	wait_for_marker "$LEFT" "DAMAGE$phase"
-	wait_for_marker "$LEFT" "VALUE=phase$phase"
-done
-
-exit 0